had

head

had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)

From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.


gardd

gerddi (plural)
gardd
ardd (soft)
ngardd

Inherited from Middle Welsh garð, from Old Norse garðr (“enclosed space, yard”), from Proto-Germanic *gardaz (“court, yard, enclosure”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰortós (“enclosure”), from *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). Cognate with English yard, garden.


stôl

cy-noun

stôl m (plural stoliau or stolion or stôls, not mutable)

stoliau (plural)
stolion (plural)
stôls (plural)


blith

blithion (plural)
blith
flith (soft)
mlith

From Proto-Brythonic *bliθ, a conflation of a noun Proto-Celtic *mlixtus and an adjective *mlixtis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (compare English milk, Latin mulgeō (“to milk”)). Cognate with Irish bleacht.


perllan

perllannau (plural)
perllan
berllan (soft)
mherllan
pherllan

From pêr (“pears; sweet fruit; pear trees; sweet-fruit trees”) + llan (“enclosure, yard”).


cefn

cy-noun

cefn m (plural cefnau or cefnoedd or cefnydd)

cefnau (plural)
cefnoedd (plural)
cefnydd (plural)
cefn
gefn (soft)
nghefn
chefn

From Middle Welsh keuen. Related to Breton kein (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes).

ar gefn

in addition to, as a consequence of, with regard to; at the expense of; on top, upon, up to

cefn lloer

full moon; crescent of the moon, half moon

cefnog

backed, having a back; strong, stout brave

yng nghefn

behind one's back, underhand; following, pursuing

(agriculture) ridge (ploughed land between two parallel furrows)


ysgubor

ysgubor f (plural ysguboriau or ysguborau)

ysguboriau (plural)
ysguborau (plural)
ysgubor
hysgubor (prothesis-h)

desc

→ English: skipper (“barn or shed to spend the night in”)

From Middle Welsh yscubawr, from Old Welsh scipaur, from Proto-Brythonic *skʉbọr, from British Latin *scōpārium, from Latin scōpa. By surface analysis, ysgub (“(wheat)sheaf”) + -or. Compare Irish scioból, a loanword from Middle Welsh.

surf

1979, Get By In Welsh, quoted in They Thought You'd Say This
Beth yw'r ysgubor ar ganol y cae?

What's the barn in the middle of the field?


pâl

Borrowed from Latin pala; compare Breton pal, Cornish pal.


pâl

palod (plural)
palau (plural)
pâl
bâl (soft)
mhâl
phâl

Uncertain, has been extension of Etymology 1 on account of the shape of a puffin's beak. However, the use of the same word for a Manx shearwater and a puffin parallels a shift in English where puffin used to mean a Manx shearwater until the 19th century, before coming to refer to Fratercula arctica.

Puffinus puffinus
Puffinus puffinus#Translingual

Fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica#Translingual

Peter Hayman
w:Peter Hayman (ornithologist)

Gwasg Carreg Gwalch
w:Gwasg Carreg Gwalch

Atlantic puffin, puffin (Fratercula arctica)


gwair

From Middle Welsh gweir, from Proto-Brythonic *gweɣr, from Proto-Celtic *wegrom, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg- (“increase, enlarge”) via a sense ‘outgrowth’. Cognate with Cornish gora and Old Irish fér (“grass”).


aradr

erydr (plural)
aradr
haradr (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh aradr, from Old Welsh ara(ter), from Proto-Brythonic *aradr, from Proto-Celtic *aratrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom. Cognate with Old Irish arathar, Latin arātrum.

rhoi llaw ar yr aradr

to put one's hand to the plough, to begin an undertaking


amaethyddiaeth

/ˌameɨ̯ˈθəðjaɨ̯θ/

/ˌameɨ̯ˈθəðjɛθ/

/ˌamei̯ˈθəðjɛθ/


cnwd

cnydau (plural)
cnwd
gnwd (soft)
nghnwd
chnwd

From Proto-Brythonic *knud, from Proto-Celtic *knutos.


aredig

cy-verb

aredig (first-person singular present arddaf or aredaf)

arddaf (first-person present singular)
aredaf (first-person present singular)
arddaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
erddi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ardd (future indicative present singular third-person)
arddwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
erddwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
arddant (future indicative plural present third-person)
erddir (future impersonal indicative present)
arddwn (conditional first-person singular)
arddwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
arddit (conditional second-person singular)
arddit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
arddai (conditional singular third-person)
arddai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
arddem (conditional first-person plural)
arddem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
arddech (conditional plural second-person)
arddech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
arddent (conditional plural third-person)
arddent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
erddid (conditional impersonal)
erddid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
erddais (first-person preterite singular)
erddaist (preterite second-person singular)
arddodd (preterite singular third-person)
arddasom (first-person plural preterite)
arddasoch (plural preterite second-person)
arddasant (plural preterite third-person)
arddwyd (impersonal preterite)
arddaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
arddasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
arddasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
arddasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
arddasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
arddasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
arddasid (impersonal pluperfect)
arddesid (impersonal pluperfect)
arddwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
erddych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
arddo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
arddom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
arddoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
arddont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ardder (impersonal present subjunctive)
ardd (imperative second-person singular)
ardded (imperative singular third-person)
arddwn (first-person imperative plural)
erddwch (imperative plural second-person)
arddent (imperative plural third-person)
ardder (imperative impersonal)
aredig (noun-from-verb)
arddedig (participle)
arddadwy (participle)
aredaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
aredi (future indicative present second-person singular)
ared (future indicative present singular third-person)
areda (future indicative present singular third-person)
aredwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
aredwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
aredant (future indicative plural present third-person)
aredir (future impersonal indicative present)
aredwn (conditional first-person singular)
aredwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
aredit (conditional second-person singular)
aredit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
aredai (conditional singular third-person)
aredai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
aredem (conditional first-person plural)
aredem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
aredech (conditional plural second-person)
aredech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
aredent (conditional plural third-person)
aredent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
aredid (conditional impersonal)
aredid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
aredais (first-person preterite singular)
aredaist (preterite second-person singular)
aredodd (preterite singular third-person)
aredasom (first-person plural preterite)
aredasoch (plural preterite second-person)
aredasant (plural preterite third-person)
aredwyd (impersonal preterite)
aredaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
aredasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
aredasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
aredasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
aredasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
aredasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
aredasid (impersonal pluperfect)
aredesid (impersonal pluperfect)
aredwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
aredych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
aredo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
aredom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
aredoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
aredont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
areder (impersonal present subjunctive)
ared (imperative second-person singular)
areda (imperative second-person singular)
areded (imperative singular third-person)
aredwn (first-person imperative plural)
aredwch (imperative plural second-person)
aredent (imperative plural third-person)
areder (imperative impersonal)
aredig (noun-from-verb)
arededig (participle)
aredadwy (participle)
aredig
haredig (prothesis-h)

Finite forms built on the stem ardd- are from Proto-Brythonic *ėrðɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aryeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti. The verbal noun is from Middle Welsh eredic (with analogically restored a in the first syllable), from Proto-Brythonic *ėrėdig, from Proto-Celtic *aratīkos, from the root of *aryeti (“to plow”), from *h₂erh₃-.


gowt

(agriculture, phytopathology) clubroot, a common disease of cabbages, radishes and turnips


garddwr

cy-noun

garddwr m (plural garddwyr, feminine garddwraig)

garddwyr (plural)
garddwraig (feminine)
garddwr
arddwr (soft)
ngarddwr


gwymona

cy-verb

gwymona (first-person singular present gwymonaf)

gwymonaf (first-person present singular)
gwymonaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
gwymoni (future indicative present second-person singular)
gwymona (future indicative present singular third-person)
gwymonwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
gwymonwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
gwymonant (future indicative plural present third-person)
gwymonir (future impersonal indicative present)
gwymonwn (conditional first-person singular)
gwymonwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
gwymonit (conditional second-person singular)
gwymonit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
gwymonai (conditional singular third-person)
gwymonai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
gwymonem (conditional first-person plural)
gwymonem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
gwymonech (conditional plural second-person)
gwymonech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
gwymonent (conditional plural third-person)
gwymonent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
gwymonid (conditional impersonal)
gwymonid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
gwymonais (first-person preterite singular)
gwymonaist (preterite second-person singular)
gwymonodd (preterite singular third-person)
gwymonasom (first-person plural preterite)
gwymonasoch (plural preterite second-person)
gwymonasant (plural preterite third-person)
gwymonwyd (impersonal preterite)
gwymonaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
gwymonasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
gwymonasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
gwymonasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
gwymonasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
gwymonasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
gwymonasid (impersonal pluperfect)
gwymonesid (impersonal pluperfect)
gwymonwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
gwymonych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
gwymono (present singular subjunctive third-person)
gwymonom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
gwymonoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
gwymonont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
gwymoner (impersonal present subjunctive)
gwymona (imperative second-person singular)
gwymoned (imperative singular third-person)
gwymonwn (first-person imperative plural)
gwymonwch (imperative plural second-person)
gwymonent (imperative plural third-person)
gwymoner (imperative impersonal)
gwymona (noun-from-verb)
gwymonedig (participle)
gwymonadwy (participle)
gwymona i (first-person future singular)
gwymonaf i (first-person future singular)
gwymoni di (future second-person singular)
gwymonith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
gwymoniff e (future singular third-person)
gwymonwn ni (first-person future plural)
gwymonwch chi (future plural second-person)
gwymonan nhw (future plural third-person)
gwymonwn i (conditional first-person singular)
gwymonswn i (conditional first-person singular)
gwymonet ti (conditional second-person singular)
gwymonset ti (conditional second-person singular)
gwymonai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
gwymonsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
gwymonen ni (conditional first-person plural)
gwymonsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
gwymonech chi (conditional plural second-person)
gwymonsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
gwymonen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
gwymonsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
gwymonais i (first-person preterite singular)
gwymones i (first-person preterite singular)
gwymonaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
gwymonest ti (preterite second-person singular)
gwymonodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
gwymonon ni (first-person plural preterite)
gwymonoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
gwymonon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
gwymona (imperative second-person singular)
gwymonwch (imperative plural second-person)
gwymona
wymona (soft)
ngwymona

to gather seaweed (usually as fertilizer)


rhych

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Cognate with English furrow and Latin porca (“furrow”).


iâr faes

ieir maes (plural)
iâr faes
hiâr faes (prothesis-h)


wy maes

wyau maes (plural)
wy maes
hwy maes (prothesis-h)

/ˌuːɨ̯ ˈmaːɨ̯s/


silweirio

silweirio (first-person singular present silweiriaf, not mutable)

silweiriaf (first-person present singular)
silweiriaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
silweiri (future indicative present second-person singular)
silweiria (future indicative present singular third-person)
silweiriwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
silweiriwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
silweiriant (future indicative plural present third-person)
silweirir (future impersonal indicative present)
silweiriwn (conditional first-person singular)
silweiriwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
silweirit (conditional second-person singular)
silweirit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
silweiriai (conditional singular third-person)
silweiriai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
silweiriem (conditional first-person plural)
silweiriem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
silweiriech (conditional plural second-person)
silweiriech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
silweirient (conditional plural third-person)
silweirient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
silweirid (conditional impersonal)
silweirid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
silweiriais (first-person preterite singular)
silweiriaist (preterite second-person singular)
silweiriodd (preterite singular third-person)
silweiriasom (first-person plural preterite)
silweiriasoch (plural preterite second-person)
silweiriasant (plural preterite third-person)
silweiriwyd (impersonal preterite)
silweiriaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
silweiriasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
silweiriasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
silweiriasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
silweiriasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
silweiriasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
silweiriasid (impersonal pluperfect)
silweiriesid (impersonal pluperfect)
silweiriwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
silweiriech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
silweirio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
silweiriom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
silweirioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
silweiriont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
silweirier (impersonal present subjunctive)
silweiria (imperative second-person singular)
silweiried (imperative singular third-person)
silweiriwn (first-person imperative plural)
silweiriwch (imperative plural second-person)
silweirient (imperative plural third-person)
silweirier (imperative impersonal)
silweirio (noun-from-verb)
silweiriedig (participle)
silweiriadwy (participle)
silweiria i (first-person future singular)
silweiriaf i (first-person future singular)
silweiri di (future second-person singular)
silweirith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
silweiriff e (future singular third-person)
silweiriwn ni (first-person future plural)
silweiriwch chi (future plural second-person)
silweirian nhw (future plural third-person)
silweiriwn i (conditional first-person singular)
silweirswn i (conditional first-person singular)
silweiriet ti (conditional second-person singular)
silweirset ti (conditional second-person singular)
silweiriai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
silweirsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
silweirien ni (conditional first-person plural)
silweirsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
silweiriech chi (conditional plural second-person)
silweirsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
silweirien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
silweirsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
silweiriais i (first-person preterite singular)
silweiries i (first-person preterite singular)
silweiriaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
silweiriest ti (preterite second-person singular)
silweiriodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
silweirion ni (first-person plural preterite)
silweirioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
silweirion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
silweiria (imperative second-person singular)
silweiriwch (imperative plural second-person)


sgrin wynt

cy-noun

sgrin wynt f (plural sgriniau gwynt, not mutable)


swch

swch m or f (plural sychau or swchau or sychod, not mutable)

sychau (plural)
swchau (plural)
sychod (plural)

From Proto-Celtic *sukkos, from Proto-Indo-European *sū- (“pig”). Doublet of hwch “sow”.


buarth

buarthau (plural)
buarth
fuarth (soft)
muarth

From Proto-Celtic *bougortos. Synchronically analysable as bu (“cow”) + garth (“enclosure”).


crychiad

crychiadau (plural)
crychiad
grychiad (soft)
nghrychiad
chrychiad

(agriculture, phytopathology) curl, plant disease that causes leaves to shrivel, esp. potato leafroll virus


ardir

âr (“arable land, tillage”) + tir (“land”).


âr

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).

inh

(agriculture) tillage, cultivation of arable land


arnodd

arnoddau (plural)
arnodd
harnodd (prothesis-h)


cwlltwr

cylltyrau (plural)
cwlltwr
gwlltwr (soft)
nghwlltwr
chwlltwr

(agriculture) coulter (part of a plough)


haeddel fawr

cy-noun

haeddel fawr f (plural haeddeli mawr, not mutable)

haeddel (“plough-handle”) + mawr (“big, great”).

(agriculture) ploughtail, master-handle of a plough


haeddel fach

haeddel fach f (plural haeddeli bach, not mutable)

haeddel (“plough-handle”) + bach (“small, little”).

(agriculture) ploughstaff, (lesser handle of a plough)


haeddel

haeddel f (plural haeddeli or haeddeliau or haeddelion, not mutable)

haeddeli (plural)
haeddeliau (plural)
haeddelion (plural)

From Old Welsh edil, from Proto-Brythonic *haɣeðl, from Proto-Celtic *segetlā, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Breton hael.


amaethydd

amaethydd m or f by sense (plural amaethyddion or amaethwyr)

amaethyddion (plural)
amaethwyr (plural)
amaethydd
hamaethydd (prothesis-h)

From amaethu (“cultivate, farm”) + -ydd.


uwchbridd

uwchbriddoedd (plural)
uwchbridd
huwchbridd (prothesis-h)

/ˈɨ̞u̯χbrɪð/

[ˈɨ̞u̯χbrɪð]


amaethwr

amaethwr m or f by sense (plural amaethwyr)

amaethwyr (plural)
amaethwr
hamaethwr (prothesis-h)


amaeth

amaeth m (plural amaethiaid or amaethion or amaethod or emaith or emyth)

amaethiaid (plural)
amaethion (plural)
amaethod (plural)
emaith (plural)
emyth (plural)
amaeth
hamaeth (prothesis-h)

Inherited from Middle Welsh amaeth, from Proto-Brythonic *ammaɨθ (“labourer”), from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos (“servant”).

(obsolete, uncountable) tillage, ploughing


garddwriaeth

garddwriaeth
arddwriaeth (soft)
ngarddwriaeth

From garddwr (“gardener”) + -iaeth (abstract suffix).