sill

cy-noun

sill f (plural sillau or silloedd, not mutable)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


AC

(politics) Initialism of Aelod Cynulliad.


person

Ultimately borrowed from Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), probably via Middle English or Old French persone (“human being”).

bor+

yn y trydydd person


dug

Borrowed from Middle English duk, itself a borrowing from Old French duc, from Latin dux.


Islam

Islam (mutation mutation-radical)
Hislam (mutation prothesis-h)

From Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām, “submission, surrender”), verbal noun of أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama), from the root س ل م (s-l-m).


angel

angylion (plural)
engyl (plural)
angel (mutation mutation-radical)
hangel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh angel, from Proto-Brythonic *angel, a borrowing from Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος m (ángelos, “messenger; one that announces”). Cognate with Cornish el, Breton ael.


actor

actorion (plural)
actor (mutation mutation-radical)
hactor (mutation prothesis-h)


cell

cy-noun

cell f (plural celloedd, diminutive cellan)

celloedd (plural)
cellan (diminutive)
cell (mutation mutation-radical)
gell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kell, from Proto-Brythonic *kell, from Latin cella.


cut

Borrowed from Middle English [Term?], from Old Northern French cot, cote (“hut, cottage”).

der

hut, shed; cottage, hovel; pen, coop; cage


piano

pianoau (plural)
pianos (plural)
piano (mutation mutation-radical)
biano (mutation mutation-soft)
mhiano (mutation mutation-nasal)
phiano (mutation mutation-aspirate)


sin

From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).


cardinal

cardinaliaid (plural)
cardinal (mutation mutation-radical)
gardinal (mutation mutation-soft)
nghardinal (mutation mutation-nasal)
chardinal (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From English cardinal, from Middle French cardinal (“cardinal”), from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from Latin cardō (“hinge”).

(Roman Catholicism) cardinal (Roman Catholic official)


bach

bachau (plural)
bach (mutation mutation-radical)
fach (mutation mutation-soft)
mach (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh bach, from Proto-Celtic *bakkos, from Proto-Indo-European *bak-.


archangel

archangylion (plural)
archangel (mutation mutation-radical)
harchangel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh archangel, from Proto-Brythonic *arxangel, a borrowing from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos). Equivalent to arch- + angel (“angel”). Cognate with Breton arc'hael.


pop

pop (mutation mutation-radical)
bop (mutation mutation-soft)
mhop (mutation mutation-nasal)
phop (mutation mutation-aspirate)


banjo

banjos (plural)
banjoau (plural)
banjo (mutation mutation-radical)
fanjo (mutation mutation-soft)
manjo (mutation mutation-nasal)


AS

(politics) Initialism of Aelod Seneddol (“Member of (the UK) Parliament”).

(politics) Initialism of Aelod o'r Senedd (“Member of the (Welsh) Senedd”).


ser

cy-noun

ser m (plural serrod or serroedd, not mutable)

From Old Welsh serr, Proto-Celtic *serrā. Cf. Middle Irish serr.


bom

bomiau (plural)
bom (mutation mutation-radical)
fom (mutation mutation-soft)
mom (mutation mutation-nasal)


blog

blogiau (plural)
blog (mutation mutation-radical)
flog (mutation mutation-soft)
mlog (mutation mutation-nasal)


bord

bordydd (plural)
bord (mutation mutation-radical)
ford (mutation mutation-soft)
mord (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bort, from Old English bord (“board”); doublet of bwrdd.


cliff

cliffiau (plural)
cliff (mutation mutation-radical)
gliff (mutation mutation-soft)
nghliff (mutation mutation-nasal)
chliff (mutation mutation-aspirate)


prop

prop (mutation mutation-radical)
brop (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrop (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrop (mutation mutation-aspirate)


arf

arfau (plural)
arf (mutation mutation-radical)
harf (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh arf, from Proto-Brythonic *arβ̃, borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin arma.


cantor

cantor f (plural cantorion or cantoriaid, feminine cantores)

cantorion (plural)
cantoriaid (plural)
cantores (feminine)
cantor (mutation mutation-radical)
gantor (mutation mutation-soft)
nghantor (mutation mutation-nasal)
chantor (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kantor, from Latin cantor.


cad

From Middle Welsh kad, kat, from Old Welsh cat, from Proto-Brythonic *kad (“battle”), from Proto-Celtic *katus (compare Old Irish cath), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus (“fight”).


origami

origami (mutation mutation-radical)
horigami (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌɔrɪˈɡaːmi/

From English origami, from Japanese 折り紙.


abad

abadau (plural)
abad (mutation mutation-radical)
habad (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh abat, from Proto-Brythonic *abad, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbās, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אַבָּא (’abbā, “father”).


plaid

pleidiau (plural)
plaid (mutation mutation-radical)
blaid (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlaid (mutation mutation-aspirate)

The original meaning was “row”, “rank”, later “partition”, possibly related to Irish pluid and Scottish Gaelic plaide (“blanket”); as Proto-Celtic had no /p/, the term is likely a borrowing, such as English and Scots plaid. However, the semantic development is unclear.

Plaid Cymru


capel

capel m (plural capeli or capelau or capelydd or capeloedd)

capeli (plural)
capelau (plural)
capelydd (plural)
capeloedd (plural)
capel (mutation mutation-radical)
gapel (mutation mutation-soft)
nghapel (mutation mutation-nasal)
chapel (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh capel, borrowed from Late Latin cappella (“little cloak; chapel”), diminutive of Latin cappa (“cloak, cape”).


Andreas

Andreas (mutation mutation-radical)
Handreas (mutation prothesis-h)


cyẅres

cywresau (plural)
cyẅres (mutation mutation-radical)
gyẅres (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyẅres (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyẅres (mutation mutation-aspirate)


mẁg

mygau (plural)
mygiau (plural)
mẁg (mutation mutation-radical)
fẁg (mutation mutation-soft)


opera

operâu (plural)
opera (mutation mutation-radical)
hopera (mutation prothesis-h)


tad

tadau (plural)
tad (mutation mutation-radical)
dad (mutation mutation-soft)
nhad (mutation mutation-nasal)
thad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *tad, from Proto-Celtic *tatos.


Crynwr

Crynwyr (plural)
Crynwr (mutation mutation-radical)
Grynwr (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghrynwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chrynwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From crynu (“to quake”) + -wr; calque of English Quaker.


Iesu

Iesu (mutation mutation-radical)
Hiesu (mutation prothesis-h)


actio

cy-verb

actio (first-person singular present actiaf)

actiaf (first-person present singular)
actiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ecti (future indicative present second-person singular)
actia (future indicative present singular third-person)
actiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ectiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
actiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
actiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ectir (future impersonal indicative present)
actiwn (conditional first-person singular)
actiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ectit (conditional second-person singular)
ectit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
actiai (conditional singular third-person)
actiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
actiem (conditional first-person plural)
actiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
actiech (conditional plural second-person)
actiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
actient (conditional plural third-person)
actient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ectid (conditional impersonal)
ectid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
ectiais (first-person preterite singular)
ectiaist (preterite second-person singular)
actiodd (preterite singular third-person)
actiasom (first-person plural preterite)
actiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
actiasant (plural preterite third-person)
actiwyd (impersonal preterite)
actiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
actiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
actiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
actiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
actiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
actiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
actiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
actiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
actiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ectiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
actio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
actiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
actioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
actiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
actier (impersonal present subjunctive)
actia (imperative second-person singular)
actied (imperative singular third-person)
actiwn (first-person imperative plural)
ectiwch (imperative plural second-person)
actiwch (imperative plural second-person)
actient (imperative plural third-person)
actier (imperative impersonal)
actio (noun-from-verb)
actiedig (participle)
actiadwy (participle)
actia i (first-person future singular)
actiaf i (first-person future singular)
acti di (future second-person singular)
actith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
actiff e (future singular third-person)
actiwn ni (first-person future plural)
actiwch chi (future plural second-person)
actian nhw (future plural third-person)
actiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
actswn i (conditional first-person singular)
actiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
actset ti (conditional second-person singular)
actiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
actsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
actien ni (conditional first-person plural)
actsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
actiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
actsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
actien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
actsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
actiais i (first-person preterite singular)
acties i (first-person preterite singular)
actiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
actiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
actiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
action ni (first-person plural preterite)
actioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
action nhw (plural preterite third-person)
actia (imperative second-person singular)
actiwch (imperative plural second-person)
actio (mutation mutation-radical)
hactio (mutation prothesis-h)


dynes

dynesau (plural)
dynes (mutation mutation-radical)
ddynes (mutation mutation-soft)
nynes (mutation mutation-nasal)

From dyn (“man; person”) + -es (feminine suffix).


cloddfa

cy-noun

cloddfa f (plural cloddfeydd or cloddfâu or cloddfaoedd)

cloddfeydd (plural)
cloddfâu (plural)
cloddfaoedd (plural)
cloddfa (mutation mutation-radical)
gloddfa (mutation mutation-soft)
nghloddfa (mutation mutation-nasal)
chloddfa (mutation mutation-aspirate)


geneth

genethod (plural)
geneth (mutation mutation-radical)
eneth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeneth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *genettā (“daughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-.


bachgennes

bachgenesau (plural)
bachgennes (mutation mutation-radical)
fachgennes (mutation mutation-soft)
machgennes (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bachgen (“boy”) + -es (feminine suffix).


betws

betysau (plural)
betws (mutation mutation-radical)
fetws (mutation mutation-soft)
metws (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh betws, borrowed from Old English bedhūs (“house of prayer”, literally “bede-house”).


eglwys

eglwysi (plural)
eglwysydd (plural)
eglwys (mutation mutation-radical)
heglwys (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *egluɨs (compare Cornish eglos, Breton iliz), borrowed from Latin ecclēsia (“church”), from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησίᾱ (ekklēsíā).


bachgen

cy-noun

bachgen m (plural bechgyn or bachgennod or bechgennod)

bechgyn (plural)
bachgennod (plural)
bechgennod (plural)
bachgen (mutation mutation-radical)
fachgen (mutation mutation-soft)
machgen (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bach; the second element appears to be from Proto-Celtic *keneti, from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (compare Welsh cenedl (“nation, tribe, clan, kindred”)).

cog

boy, lad, youngster, servant, young man, son, child


trefol

cy-adj

trefol (feminine singular trefol, plural trefol, equative trefoled, comparative trefolach, superlative trefolaf)

trefol (feminine singular)
trefol (plural)
trefoled (equative)
trefolach (comparative)
trefolaf (superlative)
trefol (mutation mutation-radical)
drefol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrefol (mutation mutation-nasal)
threfol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

cynllunio trefol


Mawrth

Mawrth (mutation mutation-radical)
Fawrth (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Mawrth, from Proto-Brythonic *Mo̦rθ, borrowed from Latin mārtius. Compare Cornish Merth, Breton Meurzh.


mynydd

mynyddoedd (plural)
mynydd (mutation mutation-radical)
fynydd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mynyð, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð, from Proto-Celtic *moniyos (compare Cornish menydh, Breton menez), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).


draig

dreigiau (plural)
draig (mutation mutation-radical)
ddraig (mutation mutation-soft)
nraig (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh dreic, from Proto-Brythonic *drėg, earlier *drakū, from Latin dracō.


llan

llannau (plural)
llan (mutation mutation-radical)
lan (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llann, from Proto-Brythonic *llann, from Proto-Celtic *landā, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).


ysgol

From Middle Welsh yscol, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskol, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).

Bydd hi’n gadael yr ysgol yr haf ’ma i fynd i’r coleg.

She will leave school this summer to go to college.


ysgol

ysgolion (plural)
ysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgol (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh yscawl, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskọl, from Latin scāla.

(North Wales)


gwaith glo

gweithiau glo (plural)
gwaith glo (mutation mutation-radical)
waith glo (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwaith glo (mutation mutation-nasal)


geiriadur

geiriaduron (plural)
geiriadur (mutation mutation-radical)
eiriadur (mutation mutation-soft)
ngeiriadur (mutation mutation-nasal)


tŷ bach

tai bach (plural)
tŷ bach (mutation mutation-radical)
dŷ bach (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŷ bach (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŷ bach (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˌtɨː ˈbaːχ/

(euphemistic) A little house: an outhouse.


swydd

cy-noun

swydd f (plural swyddi or swyddau, not mutable)

From Middle Welsh swyð, from Proto-Brythonic *suɨð, from Latin sēdēs (“seat”).


masnachdy

masnachdai (plural)
masnachdy (mutation mutation-radical)
fasnachdy (mutation mutation-soft)

masnach (“trade, business”) + tŷ (“house”)


cachu

cachu (mutation mutation-radical)
gachu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghachu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chachu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cachu, from Proto-Brythonic *kax, from Proto-Celtic *kakkā, from Proto-Indo-European *kakko- (compare Latin cacō).

(vulgar, offensive) shit (instance of defecation)


anthem

anthemau (plural)
anthem (mutation mutation-radical)
hanthem (mutation prothesis-h)

From English anthem, from Middle English anteme, from Old English antefn, antefen and Old French antiene, anteine, anteivne, from Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna).


pont

pontydd (plural)
pont (mutation mutation-radical)
bont (mutation mutation-soft)
mhont (mutation mutation-nasal)
phont (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pont, from Old Welsh pont, from Proto-Brythonic *pont, a borrowing from Latin pōns, pontem. Cognate with Cornish pons, Breton pont.

A fo ben bid bont.

Let him who would be a leader be a bridge.


oriel

cy-noun

oriel m or f (plural orielau or orielydd or orieli)

orielau (plural)
orielydd (plural)
orieli (plural)
oriel (mutation mutation-radical)
horiel (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding.


prifysgol

prifysgolion (plural)
prifysgol (mutation mutation-radical)
brifysgol (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifysgol (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifysgol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“chief”) + ysgol (“school”).


canu

cy-verb

canu (first-person singular present canaf)

canaf (first-person present singular)
canaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
ceni (future indicative present second-person singular)
cân (future indicative present singular third-person)
cana (future indicative present singular third-person)
canwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
cenwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
canwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
canant (future indicative plural present third-person)
cenir (future impersonal indicative present)
canwn (conditional first-person singular)
canwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
canit (conditional second-person singular)
canit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
canai (conditional singular third-person)
canai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
canem (conditional first-person plural)
canem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
canech (conditional plural second-person)
canech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
canent (conditional plural third-person)
canent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
cenid (conditional impersonal)
cenid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
cenais (first-person preterite singular)
cenaist (preterite second-person singular)
canodd (preterite singular third-person)
canasom (first-person plural preterite)
canasoch (plural preterite second-person)
canasant (plural preterite third-person)
canwyd (impersonal preterite)
canaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
canasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
canasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
canasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
canasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
canasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
canasid (impersonal pluperfect)
canesid (impersonal pluperfect)
canwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cenych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
cano (present singular subjunctive third-person)
canom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
canoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
canont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
caner (impersonal present subjunctive)
cân (imperative second-person singular)
cana (imperative second-person singular)
caned (imperative singular third-person)
canwn (first-person imperative plural)
cenwch (imperative plural second-person)
canwch (imperative plural second-person)
canent (imperative plural third-person)
caner (imperative impersonal)
canu (noun-from-verb)
canedig (participle)
canadwy (participle)
cana i (first-person future singular)
canaf i (first-person future singular)
cani di (future second-person singular)
canith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
caniff e (future singular third-person)
canwn ni (first-person future plural)
canwch chi (future plural second-person)
canan nhw (future plural third-person)
canwn i (conditional first-person singular)
canswn i (conditional first-person singular)
canet ti (conditional second-person singular)
canset ti (conditional second-person singular)
canai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
cansai fo (conditional singular third-person)
canen ni (conditional first-person plural)
cansen ni (conditional first-person plural)
canech chi (conditional plural second-person)
cansech chi (conditional plural second-person)
canen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
cansen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
canais i (first-person preterite singular)
canes i (first-person preterite singular)
canaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
canest ti (preterite second-person singular)
canodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
canon ni (first-person plural preterite)
canoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
canon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
cana (imperative second-person singular)
canwch (imperative plural second-person)
canu (mutation mutation-radical)
ganu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kanu, from Old Welsh canam (1sg. pres. conj.), from Proto-Brythonic *kėnɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kaneti, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n-. Equivalent to cân (“song”) + -u.

to produce musical sounds (of instrument); to play or perform (on instrument)


crwth

crythau (plural)
crwth (mutation mutation-radical)
grwth (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrwth (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrwth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).


bas

Borrowed from English bass or perhaps the same word as the first definition above.

Mae e'n canu bas.


punt

punnoedd (plural)
punnau (plural)
punt (mutation mutation-radical)
bunt (mutation mutation-soft)
mhunt (mutation mutation-nasal)
phunt (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Costiodd yr holl adeiladau hyn tua deg a thrigain mil o bunnau.

1874 May 20, “Llundain a'ch "Ewyrth"”, in Baner ac Amserau Cymru, page 13:

All these buildings cost about seventy thousand pounds.


Tad

y Tad (canonical masculine)
Tad (mutation mutation-radical)
Dad (mutation mutation-soft)
Nhad (mutation mutation-nasal)
Thad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(Christianity) the Father (person of the Holy Trinity)


ystad

From Middle Welsh ystad, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨstad, from Latin status (compare Portuguese and Spanish estado, Occitan and Catalan estat, French été, état, Sardinian istadu, etc.).

(sociology, historical) estate, rank, station


dawns

dawnsiau (plural)
dawns (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawns (mutation mutation-soft)
nawns (mutation mutation-nasal)


boi

bois (plural)
boi (mutation mutation-radical)
foi (mutation mutation-soft)
moi (mutation mutation-nasal)

(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for a male. mate, dude, man


Duw

Duw (mutation mutation-radical)
Dduw (mutation mutation-soft)
Nuw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From duw (“god”). Cognate with Cornish Duw, Breton Doue, Irish Dia, Scottish Gaelic Dia, Manx Jee.

1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Ioan 3:16:
Canys felly y carodd Duw y byd fel y rhoddodd efe ei unig‐anedig Fab, fel na choller pwy bynnag a gredo ynddo ef, ond caffael ohono fywyd tragwyddol.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.


llys

order to a person to bring a child to court

gorchymyn i berson ddod â phlentyn i'r llys

Children and Family Court Advisory Support Service

Gwasanaeth Cynghori a Chynorthwyo Llys i Blant a Theuluoedd

Llys Parhaol Cyfiawnder Rhyngwladol

Permanent Court of International Justice

pennaeth adran ysgrifenyddol y gwasanaeth llys

transaction that requires examination by the court

trafodiad y mae gofyn i'r llys ei archwilio


treiglad trwynol

cy-noun

treiglad trwynol m (plural treigladau trwynol)

treigladau trwynol (plural)
treiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-radical)
dreiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhreiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-nasal)
threiglad trwynol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From treiglad (“mutation”) + trwynol (“nasal”).


crud

crudau (plural)
crudiau (plural)
crud (mutation mutation-radical)
grud (mutation mutation-soft)
nghrud (mutation mutation-nasal)
chrud (mutation mutation-aspirate)


brenin

cy-noun

brenin m (plural brenhinoedd, feminine brenhines)

brenhinoedd (plural)
brenhines (feminine)
brenin (mutation mutation-radical)
frenin (mutation mutation-soft)
mrenin (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh brenhin, from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėntin, from Proto-Celtic *brigantīnos (“(someone) pre-eminent, outstanding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.


Amos

Amos (mutation mutation-radical)
Hamos (mutation prothesis-h)

(biblical) A prophet, author of the Book of Amos


arg

argiau (plural)
arg (mutation mutation-radical)
harg (mutation prothesis-h)


a.

(grammar) Abbreviation of ansoddair (“adjective”).


arian

cy-noun

arian m (usually uncountable, plural ariannau or ariannoedd)

From Middle Welsh ariant, from Old Welsh argant, from Proto-Brythonic *arɣant, from Proto-Celtic *argantom (“silver”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white; shine”). Compare Breton arc'hant/argant, Irish airgead and Latin argentum.


mam

mamau (plural)
mam (mutation mutation-radical)
fam (mutation mutation-soft)
mham (irregular mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh mam, from Proto-Brythonic *mamm, from Proto-Celtic *mammā, a baby talk word replacing Proto-Celtic *mātīr.

onomatopoeic

baby talk

mam miloedd

mind-your-own-business, Soleirolia soleirolii; ivy-leaved toadflax, Cymbalaria muralis

mam y glo

mother of coal, impure coal in a coal seam

mam yng nghyfraith

mother-in-law; wild pansy, Viola tricolor

mam yn Israel

mother in Israel, elderly woman much loved by her family or community


toiled

toiledau (plural)
toiledi (plural)
toiled (mutation mutation-radical)
doiled (mutation mutation-soft)
nhoiled (mutation mutation-nasal)
thoiled (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from English toilet, from French toilette.


bachan

bachan (mutation mutation-radical)
fachan (mutation mutation-soft)
machan (mutation mutation-nasal)

(South Wales, colloquial) guy, lad, bloke, chap, dude, fella


nain

neiniau (plural)
nain (mutation mutation-radical)
nhain (irregular mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *nanī, from Proto-Celtic *nana (“grandmother”), probably from a Proto-Indo-European root imitative of a child speaking, similar to Ancient Greek νάννα (nánna).

imitative


bardd

beirdd (plural)
bardd (mutation mutation-radical)
fardd (mutation mutation-soft)
mardd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *barð, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.


Gwener

Gwener (mutation mutation-radical)
Wener (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwener (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwener, from Latin Venus. Compare Breton Gwener, Cornish Gwener.


Zwinglïaidd

cy-adj

Zwinglïaidd (feminine singular Zwinglïaidd, plural Zwinglïaidd, not comparable, not mutable)

Zwinglïaidd (feminine singular)
Zwinglïaidd (plural)

/swɪŋˈɡliː.ɛð/

From Zwingli (“surname of Huldrych Zwingli, a Swiss Protestant reformer”) + -aidd.


curad

cy-noun

curad m (plural curadiaid, diminutive curedyn)


pab

pabau (plural)
pab (mutation mutation-radical)
bab (mutation mutation-soft)
mhab (mutation mutation-nasal)
phab (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pap, from Proto-Brythonic *pab, from Vulgar Latin *păpa form Latin pāpa.


abatir

abatiroedd (plural)
abatir (mutation mutation-radical)
habatir (mutation prothesis-h)


hurten

hurten m (plural hurtynnod or hurtynion, masculine hurtyn, not mutable)

hurtynnod (plural)
hurtynion (plural)
hurtyn (masculine)


pelen

pelennau (plural)
pelenni (plural)
pelen (mutation mutation-radical)
belen (mutation mutation-soft)
mhelen (mutation mutation-nasal)
phelen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


synagog

synagog m (plural synagogau, not mutable)

/ˈsɨ̞naˌɡɔɡ/

From Middle Welsh synagoc, from Middle English synagoge, from Old French synagoge, from Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ).


yw

ywyn (singulative)
yw (mutation mutation-radical)
hyw (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *iwos (“yew”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”).


alban

alban (mutation mutation-radical)
halban (mutation prothesis-h)

(music) element in names of some of the 24 metres in Cerdd Dant


gŵr

gwŷr (plural)
gŵr (mutation mutation-radical)
ŵr (mutation mutation-soft)
ngŵr (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwr, from Old Welsh gur, from Proto-Brythonic *gwur.


cenedl

cenhedloedd (plural)
cenedl (mutation mutation-radical)
genedl (mutation mutation-soft)
nghenedl (mutation mutation-nasal)
chenedl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

[ˈkʰɛnɛdl̩ˠ]

From Middle Welsh kenedyl, from Old Welsh kenedel (“kindred, family to the ninth degree of kinship”), from Proto-Brythonic *kenedl, from Proto-Celtic *kenetlom (“family”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken-.

inh

1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Luc 2:29-32:
Yr awr hon, Arglwydd, y gollyngi dy was mewn tangnefedd, yn ôl dy air: canys fy llygaid a welsant dy iachawdwriaeth, yr hon a baratoaist gerbron wyneb yr holl bobloedd; goleuni i oleuo y Cenhedloedd, a gogoniant dy bobl Israel.
Lord, now You are letting Your servant depart in peace, according to Your word; for my eyes have seen Your salvation which You have prepared before the face of all peoples, a light to bring revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of Your people Israel.

(grammar) gender (of nouns, adjectives etc.)


menyw

Variant of benyw back-formed from the soft mutation fenyw.


menyw

cy-adj

menyw (feminine singular menyw, plural menyw, not comparable)

menyw (feminine singular)
menyw (plural)
menyw (mutation mutation-radical)
fenyw (mutation mutation-soft)


merch

merched (plural)
merch (mutation mutation-radical)
ferch (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *merx, from Proto-Celtic *merkā (compare Cornish myrgh, mergh, Breton merc’h), from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“boy, girl”) (compare Scottish Gaelic smarach (“lad”), Latin marītus (“husband”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “boy, girl”), Old Armenian մարի (mari)). Related to morwyn.


moch

From Proto-Brythonic *mox (“pig”), from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

(mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water


Enid

Enid (mutation mutation-radical)
Henid (mutation prothesis-h)

(mythology) Enid, the long-suffering wife of Geraint in Arthurian romance.


stôl

cy-noun

stôl m (plural stolion or stolau or stoliau, not mutable)

stolion (plural)
stolau (plural)
stoliau (plural)


offeren

offerennau (plural)
offeren (mutation mutation-radical)
hofferen (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh offeren, from Proto-Brythonic *oferen (compare Middle Cornish oferen and Middle Breton offeren), from Latin offerenda, from offerō.

mass (Eucharist or the celebration of it)


Ioan

Borrowed from Late Latin Iōannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yōḥānān).

(biblical) Certain men of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist, St John


gini

ginïau (plural)
ginis (plural)
gini (mutation mutation-radical)
ngini (irregular mutation mutation-nasal)


unioni

cy-verb

unioni (first-person singular present unionaf)

unionaf (first-person present singular)
unionaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
unioni (future indicative present second-person singular)
uniona (future indicative present singular third-person)
unionwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
unionwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
unionant (future indicative plural present third-person)
unionir (future impersonal indicative present)
unionwn (conditional first-person singular)
unionwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
unionit (conditional second-person singular)
unionit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
unionai (conditional singular third-person)
unionai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
unionem (conditional first-person plural)
unionem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
unionech (conditional plural second-person)
unionech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
unionent (conditional plural third-person)
unionent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
unionid (conditional impersonal)
unionid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
unionais (first-person preterite singular)
unionaist (preterite second-person singular)
unionodd (preterite singular third-person)
unionasom (first-person plural preterite)
unionasoch (plural preterite second-person)
unionasant (plural preterite third-person)
unionwyd (impersonal preterite)
unionaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
unionasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
unionasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
unionasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
unionasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
unionasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
unionasid (impersonal pluperfect)
unionesid (impersonal pluperfect)
unionwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
unionych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
uniono (present singular subjunctive third-person)
unionom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
unionoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
unionont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
unioner (impersonal present subjunctive)
uniona (imperative second-person singular)
unioned (imperative singular third-person)
unionwn (first-person imperative plural)
unionwch (imperative plural second-person)
unionent (imperative plural third-person)
unioner (imperative impersonal)
unioni (noun-from-verb)
unionedig (participle)
unionadwy (participle)
uniona i (first-person future singular)
unionaf i (first-person future singular)
unioni di (future second-person singular)
unionith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
unioniff e (future singular third-person)
unionwn ni (first-person future plural)
unionwch chi (future plural second-person)
unionan nhw (future plural third-person)
unionwn i (conditional first-person singular)
unionswn i (conditional first-person singular)
unionet ti (conditional second-person singular)
unionset ti (conditional second-person singular)
unionai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
unionsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
unionen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unionsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
unionech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unionsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
unionen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unionsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
unionais i (first-person preterite singular)
uniones i (first-person preterite singular)
unionaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
unionest ti (preterite second-person singular)
unionodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
unionon ni (first-person plural preterite)
unionoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
unionon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
uniona (imperative second-person singular)
unionwch (imperative plural second-person)
unioni (mutation mutation-radical)
hunioni (mutation prothesis-h)


nai

From Middle Welsh nei, from Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.


Arglwydd

Arglwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Harglwydd (mutation prothesis-h)


benyw

benywod (plural)
benyw (mutation mutation-radical)
fenyw (mutation mutation-soft)
menyw (mutation mutation-nasal)

Nominalized adjective, perhaps from Proto-Brythonic *banuyos,masculine derived from Proto-Celtic *ban-, whence Welsh banon (“maiden queen”), Old Breton ban-doiuis (“goddess”), Old Irish ban-chú (“female dog”); akin to Cornish benow (“feminine, female”). Further related to Old Welsh ben (“woman”), from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn. Doublet of banw.


tŷ

tai (plural)
tŷ (mutation mutation-radical)
dŷ (mutation mutation-soft)
nhŷ (mutation mutation-nasal)
thŷ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh ty, from Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *tegos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-.


duw

duwiau (plural)
duwies (feminine)
duw (mutation mutation-radical)
dduw (mutation mutation-soft)
nuw (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh duu, from Old Welsh duiu, from Proto-Brythonic *duɨw, from Proto-Celtic *deiwos, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.


trwynol

cy-adj

trwynol (feminine singular trwynol, plural trwynol, equative mor drwynol, comparative mwy trwynol, superlative mwyaf trwynol)

trwynol (feminine singular)
trwynol (plural)
mor drwynol (equative)
mwy trwynol (comparative)
mwyaf trwynol (superlative)
trwynol (mutation mutation-radical)
drwynol (mutation mutation-soft)
nhrwynol (mutation mutation-nasal)
thrwynol (mutation mutation-aspirate)


treiglad

treigladau (plural)
treiglad (mutation mutation-radical)
dreiglad (mutation mutation-soft)
nhreiglad (mutation mutation-nasal)
threiglad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Er mor sylfaenol yw treiglo i ramadeg y Gymraeg, dim ond ar naw cytsain y gall effeithio. Y mae'r newidiadau'n ymddosbarthu'n dair prif gyfres o dreigladau, sef: i. y treiglad meddal, ii. y treiglad trwynol, a iii. y treiglad llaes.

1996, Peter Wynn Thomas, Gramadeg y Gymraeg, Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, page 683:

Despite mutation being so fundamental to Welsh grammar, it can only affect nine consonants. The changes are classified into three main series o mutations, namely: i. the soft mutation, ii. the nasal mutation and iii. the aspirate mutation.


gwely

gwelyau (plural)
gwelâu (plural)
gwely (mutation mutation-radical)
wely (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwely (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *gwölɨɣ, ultimately a combination of Proto-Indo-European *upo + *legʰ- (“to lie (down)”), but the intermediate pathway is disputed.
* GPC goes with Proto-Celtic *uɸo-legyom.
* Schrijver thinks this word is a paradigmatic split-off from the oblique stem of *uɸolexs, with gwâl (“lair”) coming from the nominative singular.
Cognate with Breton gwele, Cornish gweli.

there's more than one way of getting something done

mae mwy nag un ffordd i gael Wil i'w wely


llyfr

llyfrau (plural)
llyfr (mutation mutation-radical)
lyfr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh llyuyr, from Proto-Brythonic *llɨβr, borrowed from Latin liber, librum.


myfyriwr

myfyrwyr (plural)
myfyriwr (mutation mutation-radical)
fyfyriwr (mutation mutation-soft)


cyllell

cy-noun

cyllell f (plural cyllyll or cylleill or cyllaill)

cyllyll (plural)
cylleill (plural)
cyllaill (plural)
cyllell (mutation mutation-radical)
gyllell (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyllell (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyllell (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kyllell from Proto-Brythonic *kullell (compare Cornish kollell, Breton kontell), from Latin cultellus.


allanfa dân

allanfeydd tân (plural)
allanfa dân (mutation mutation-radical)
hallanfa dân (mutation prothesis-h)


allor

allorau (plural)
allor (mutation mutation-radical)
hallor (mutation prothesis-h)

From Old Welsh altaur, from Proto-Brythonic *alltọr, from Latin altāre.


bwrdd

bwrdd m (plural byrddau or bwrddoedd or byrdd)

byrddau (plural)
bwrddoedd (plural)
byrdd (plural)
bwrdd (mutation mutation-radical)
fwrdd (mutation mutation-soft)
mwrdd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh bwrt, from Old English bord (compare Irish bord); doublet of bord.

(mining) suspended scaffolding in a slate-quarry to hold three men against the face of the rock for boring a hole for blasting


cynghanedd

cynganeddion (plural)
cynghanedd (mutation mutation-radical)
gynghanedd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynghanedd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynghanedd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kəŋˈhaːnɛð/


gwrthwynebair

gwrthwynebair m (plural gwrthwynebeiriau)

gwrthwynebeiriau (plural)
gwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-radical)
wrthwynebair (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrthwynebair (mutation mutation-nasal)

From gwrthwyneb (“opposite, contrary”) + gair (“word”).

af

antonym (word which has the opposite meaning)


athro

cy-noun

athro m (plural athrawon or athrawion, feminine athrawes)

athrawon (plural)
athrawion (plural)
athrawes (feminine)
athro (mutation mutation-radical)
hathro (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh athro (“teacher”), from Proto-Brythonic *alltrọw, from Proto-Celtic *altrawū (“foster-uncle”), from *aleti (“to nourish”). Related to Breton aotrou m (“lord, gentleman”). Doublet of alltraw (“godfather”).


sêr

sêr f (collective, singulative seren, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *ster, from Proto-Celtic *sterā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Cornish ster, Breton ster.

sêr tywydd

barometer earthstars, Astraeus hygrometricus

sêr y Pyreneau

Pyrenean squills, Scilla Pyrenean squill


caledu

cy-verb

caledu (first-person singular present caledaf)

caledaf (first-person present singular)
caledaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
caledi (future indicative present second-person singular)
caleda (future indicative present singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
caledwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
caledant (future indicative plural present third-person)
caledir (future impersonal indicative present)
caledwn (conditional first-person singular)
caledwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
caledit (conditional second-person singular)
caledit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
caledai (conditional singular third-person)
caledai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
caledem (conditional first-person plural)
caledem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
caledech (conditional plural second-person)
caledech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
caledent (conditional plural third-person)
caledent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
caledid (conditional impersonal)
caledid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
caledais (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd (preterite singular third-person)
caledasom (first-person plural preterite)
caledasoch (plural preterite second-person)
caledasant (plural preterite third-person)
caledwyd (impersonal preterite)
caledaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
caledasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
caledasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
caledasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
caledasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
caledasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
caledasid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledesid (impersonal pluperfect)
caledwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
caledych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
caledo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
caledom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
caledoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
caledont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
caleder (impersonal present subjunctive)
caleded (imperative singular third-person)
caledwn (first-person imperative plural)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledent (imperative plural third-person)
caleder (imperative impersonal)
caledu (noun-from-verb)
calededig (participle)
caledadwy (participle)
caleda i (first-person future singular)
caledaf i (first-person future singular)
caledi di (future second-person singular)
caledith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
calediff e (future singular third-person)
caledwn ni (first-person future plural)
caledwch chi (future plural second-person)
caledan nhw (future plural third-person)
caledwn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledswn i (conditional first-person singular)
caledet ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledset ti (conditional second-person singular)
caledai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
caledsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
caleden ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
caledech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caledsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
caleden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
caledais i (first-person preterite singular)
caledes i (first-person preterite singular)
caledaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledest ti (preterite second-person singular)
caledodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
caledon ni (first-person plural preterite)
caledoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
caledon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
caleda (imperative second-person singular)
caledwch (imperative plural second-person)
caledu (mutation mutation-radical)
galedu (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaledu (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaledu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(grammar, phonology, of consonant) to harden, pronounce as voiceless


clo

cloeon (plural)
cloeau (plural)
clo (mutation mutation-radical)
glo (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlo (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlo (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *klọw, from Proto-Celtic *klāwos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, crook, peg”) (whence Latin clāvis).

clo bach

appliance to keep the wheel of a vehicle from turning on a steep slope; little lock

clo cyngan

correspondence of two consonants or groups of consonants in cynghanedd; conclusion, close

cloi

to lock, shut or bind fast, clinch; to conclude

(prosody) consonance or correspondence of consonants in cynghanedd; often figurative


cynaniad

cynaniadau (plural)
cynaniad (mutation mutation-radical)
gynaniad (mutation mutation-soft)
nghynaniad (mutation mutation-nasal)
chynaniad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cynanu (“to articulate, to pronounce”) + -iad.


llyfrgell

llyfrgelloedd (plural)
llyfrgell (mutation mutation-radical)
lyfrgell (mutation mutation-soft)


tapin

tapinau (plural)
tapin (mutation mutation-radical)
dapin (mutation mutation-soft)
nhapin (mutation mutation-nasal)
thapin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

blanket, coverlet, counterpane, cover, quilt, tapestry, carpet


amser

cy-noun

amser m or f (plural amserau or amseroedd or amserion or amseron)

amserau (plural)
amseroedd (plural)
amserion (plural)
amseron (plural)
amser (mutation mutation-radical)
hamser (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh amser, from Old Welsh amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”); cognate with Old Irish aimser.


mab

meibion (plural)
mab (mutation mutation-radical)
fab (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh and Old Welsh map, from Proto-Brythonic *mab, from Proto-Celtic *makʷos.


abades

abadesau (plural)
abades (mutation mutation-radical)
habades (mutation prothesis-h)


apostol

apostolion (plural)
apostol (mutation mutation-radical)
hapostol (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

der

(Christianity, also figuratively) apostle


eg.

Coordinate term: eb.

(grammar) Abbreviation of enw gwrywaidd (“masculine noun”).


Crist

Crist (mutation mutation-radical)
Grist (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghrist (mutation mutation-nasal)
Christ (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Ecclesiastical Latin Christus, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós), proper noun use of χριστός (khristós, “the anointed one”), a semantic loan of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”).


mam-gu

cy-noun

mam-gu f (plural mamau-cu or mamguod or mam-gus)

mamau-cu (plural)
mamguod (plural)
mam-gus (plural)
mam-gu (mutation mutation-radical)
fam-gu (mutation mutation-soft)

From mam (“mother”) + cu (“dear, beloved”).


Gweddi'r Arglwydd

Gweddi’r Arglwydd (canonical feminine)
Gweddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Weddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngweddi'r Arglwydd (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌɡwɛðɪr ˈarɡluɨ̯ð/


gweddi

gweddïau (plural)
gweddïon (plural)
gweddi (mutation mutation-radical)
weddi (mutation mutation-soft)
ngweddi (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *gʷedis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-.

Gweddi'r Arglwydd


dawnsio

cy-verb

dawnsio (first-person singular present dawnsiaf)

dawnsiaf (first-person present singular)
dawnsiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
dawnsi (future indicative present second-person singular)
dawnsia (future indicative present singular third-person)
dawnsiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
dawnsiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
dawnsiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
dawnsir (future impersonal indicative present)
dawnsiwn (conditional first-person singular)
dawnsiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dawnsit (conditional second-person singular)
dawnsit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dawnsiai (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dawnsiem (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dawnsiech (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dawnsient (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dawnsid (conditional impersonal)
dawnsid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
dawnsiais (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsiaist (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiodd (preterite singular third-person)
dawnsiasom (first-person plural preterite)
dawnsiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
dawnsiasant (plural preterite third-person)
dawnsiwyd (impersonal preterite)
dawnsiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
dawnsiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
dawnsiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
dawnsiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
dawnsiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
dawnsiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
dawnsiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
dawnsiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
dawnsiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dawnsiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dawnsio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dawnsiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dawnsioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dawnsiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dawnsier (impersonal present subjunctive)
dawnsia (imperative second-person singular)
dawnsied (imperative singular third-person)
dawnsiwn (first-person imperative plural)
dawnsiwch (imperative plural second-person)
dawnsient (imperative plural third-person)
dawnsier (imperative impersonal)
dawnsio (noun-from-verb)
dawnsia i (first-person future singular)
dawnsiaf i (first-person future singular)
dawnsi di (future second-person singular)
dawnsith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
dawnsiff e (future singular third-person)
dawnsiwn ni (first-person future plural)
dawnsiwch chi (future plural second-person)
dawnsian nhw (future plural third-person)
dawnsiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
dawnswn i (conditional first-person singular)
dawnsiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
dawnset ti (conditional second-person singular)
dawnsiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
dawnsien ni (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
dawnsiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
dawnsien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
dawnsiais i (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsies i (first-person preterite singular)
dawnsiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
dawnsiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dawnsion ni (first-person plural preterite)
dawnsioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dawnsion nhw (plural preterite third-person)
dawnsia (imperative second-person singular)
dawnsiwch (imperative plural second-person)
dawnsio (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawnsio (mutation mutation-soft)
nawnsio (mutation mutation-nasal)

Mae Siân yn dawnsio gyda Siôn.
Siân is dancing with Siôn.


awdl

awdlau (plural)
awdl (mutation mutation-radical)
hawdl (mutation prothesis-h)

A long poem written in Welsh using cynghanedd and one of twenty-four strict meters.


gwaith

cy-noun

gwaith m (plural gweithiau or gweithoedd or gweithydd or gweithion)

gweithiau (plural)
gweithoedd (plural)
gweithydd (plural)
gweithion (plural)

Doublets; from Middle Welsh gweith, from Proto-Brythonic *gweiθ, from Proto-Celtic *wextā (“time, course, turn”) (compare Cornish gweyth, Breton gwezh, Old Irish fecht (“journey; time, occasion”), Irish feacht (“journey; time, occasion”)), feminine past participle of Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry, drive”).

der

gwaith saer

craftsmanship, workmanship, ornamentation, art, execution

mynd i'r gwaith

gwaith dur

a working place, works, factory, manufactory; mine

(especially South Wales, in the plural) works (industrial district)


gwaith

gweithiau (plural)
gwaith (mutation mutation-radical)
waith (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwaith (mutation mutation-nasal)

Rydyn ni wedi gwylio'r ffilm 'ma dwywaith

time (with cardinal numbers, 'how many times', etc.), occasion, course, turn


canwr

canwyr (plural)
canwr (mutation mutation-radical)
ganwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From canu (“to sing”) + -wr (agent suffix).


salm

Inherited from Middle Welsh salm, from Middle English salm, from Latin psalmus.


actores

actoresau (plural)
actores (mutation mutation-radical)
hactores (mutation prothesis-h)


Cerdd Dant

Cerdd Dant (mutation mutation-radical)
Gerdd Dant (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngherdd Dant (mutation mutation-nasal)
Cherdd Dant (mutation mutation-aspirate)

A Welsh-language style of improvised vocals over a harp melody


cantores

cantoresau (plural)
cantores (mutation mutation-radical)
gantores (mutation mutation-soft)
nghantores (mutation mutation-nasal)
chantores (mutation mutation-aspirate)


soffa

From English sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).


titr

titr (mutation mutation-radical)
ditr (mutation mutation-soft)
nhitr (mutation mutation-nasal)
thitr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(music) one of the 24 metres in Cerdd Dant


clas

clasau (plural)
clas (mutation mutation-radical)
glas (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlas (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

→ English: clas

From Middle Welsh clas, from Proto-Brythonic *klas, from Latin classis (“armed forces, fleet; group, rank, class”). Cognate with Irish clas (“choir”).


cist

cistiau (plural)
cist (mutation mutation-radical)
gist (mutation mutation-soft)
nghist (mutation mutation-nasal)
chist (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Old English cist or Middle English kist.


ril

cy-noun

ril f (plural rils or riliau, not mutable)


modryb

modrybedd (plural)
modryb (mutation mutation-radical)
fodryb (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *mọdreb (“aunt”); compare Cornish modrep, Breton moereb.


ewythr

ewythredd (plural)
ewythr (mutation mutation-radical)
hewythr (mutation prothesis-h)

[ˈɛu̯.ɨ̞θr̩]

From Middle Welsh ewythyr, from Proto-Celtic *awontīr (compare Cornish ewnter, Breton eontr, Old Irish amnair), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂- (“(maternal) grandfather/uncle”) (compare Middle Irish ó, Latin avus (“grandfather”), avunculus (“maternal uncle”), dialectal German Awwe (“grandfather”), Oheim (“uncle”).


cefnder

cy-noun

cefnder m (plural cefndryd or cefndyr, feminine cyfnither)

cefndryd (plural)
cefndyr (plural)
cyfnither (feminine)
cefnder (mutation mutation-radical)
gefnder (mutation mutation-soft)
nghefnder (mutation mutation-nasal)
chefnder (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From ceifn (“cousin, kinsman”) + derw (“true”) (compare Cornish kanderu, Breton kenderf, Old Irish der(b)bráthair).


brawd

brodiau (plural)
brawd (mutation mutation-radical)
frawd (mutation mutation-soft)
mrawd (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Welsh braut (“judgment”), from Proto-Celtic *brātus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷérHtus.


chwaer

cy-noun

chwaer f (plural chwiorydd or chwioredd or chwaeoredd, diminutive chwaeren, not mutable)

chwiorydd (plural)
chwioredd (plural)
chwaeoredd (plural)
chwaeren (diminutive)
chwaer (mutation mutation-radical)

From Proto-Brythonic *hwoɨr (compare Breton c’hoar), from Proto-Celtic *swesūr (compare Old Irish siur), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

sister, half-sister
(figuratively) female mate, partner

sister, half-sister
female mate, partner


taid

teidiau (plural)
taid (mutation mutation-radical)
daid (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaid (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaid (mutation mutation-aspirate)


palas

palasau (plural)
palas (mutation mutation-radical)
balas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhalas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phalas (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Old French palais, from Latin palātium.


gwâl

gwalau (plural)
gwaliau (plural)
gwâl (mutation mutation-radical)
wâl (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwâl (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-leg-s, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, recline”).


plas

plasau (plural)
plas (mutation mutation-radical)
blas (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlas (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlas (mutation mutation-aspirate)


tril

triliau (plural)
tril (mutation mutation-radical)
dril (mutation mutation-soft)
nhril (mutation mutation-nasal)
thril (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From English trill, from Italian trillare of imitative origin.


cywydd

cywyddau (plural)
cywydd (mutation mutation-radical)
gywydd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghywydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chywydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Proto-Celtic *kom-wido-; compare Old Irish cubaid (“harmony”).


galanas

cy-noun

galanas f (plural galanasau or galanasoedd)

galanasau (plural)
galanasoedd (plural)
galanas (mutation mutation-radical)
alanas (mutation mutation-soft)
ngalanas (mutation mutation-nasal)

Compare Middle Irish galannas (“carnage”).

noncog

Sanskrit कदन (kadana, “destruction, slaughter”)

der

Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”)

(law, historical) blood money, weregild, the fine paid by a murderer to the lord and family of his victim

(law, historical) the act of murder itself


plygain

cy-noun

plygain m or f (plural plygeinau or plygeiniau)

plygeinau (plural)
plygeiniau (plural)
plygain (mutation mutation-radical)
blygain (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlygain (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlygain (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Late Latin pullicantiō (“cockcrow”), referring to the medieval Missa in Gallicantu (Mass at Cockcrow).


telyn

telynau (plural)
telyn (mutation mutation-radical)
delyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nhelyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
thelyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


soddgrwth

soddgrwth m (plural soddgrythau, not mutable)


basgrwth

basgrythau (plural)
basgrwth (mutation mutation-radical)
fasgrwth (mutation mutation-soft)
masgrwth (mutation mutation-nasal)


bas dwbl

basau dwbl (plural)
bas dwbl (mutation mutation-radical)
fas dwbl (mutation mutation-soft)
mas dwbl (mutation mutation-nasal)


afanc

afancod (plural)
afanc (mutation mutation-radical)
hafanc (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aβank, from Proto-Celtic *abankos (compare Breton avank, Irish abhac (“dwarf”)), from *abū (“river”). More at afon.


canopi

canopïau (plural)
canopi (mutation mutation-radical)
ganopi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghanopi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chanopi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


athrawes

athrawes f (plural athrawesau, masculine athro)

athrawesau (plural)
athro (masculine)
athrawes (mutation mutation-radical)
hathrawes (mutation prothesis-h)

From athro (“(male) teacher”) + -es. Doublet of alltrawes (“godmother”) and elltrewyn (“stepmother”).


dysgwr

dysgwyr (plural)
dysgwr (mutation mutation-radical)
ddysgwr (mutation mutation-soft)
nysgwr (mutation mutation-nasal)


llwy

llwyau (plural)
llwy (mutation mutation-radical)
lwy (mutation mutation-soft)

From Proto-Brythonic *lluɨɣ, from Proto-Celtic *leigā. Cognate with Cornish lo, Breton loa (Vannes dialect loé, lui).


wyres

wyresau (plural)
wyres (mutation mutation-radical)
hwyres (mutation prothesis-h)


eboles

ebolesau (plural)
eboles (mutation mutation-radical)
heboles (mutation prothesis-h)

From ebol (“foal, colt”) + -es (“female”).


Rhufeiniad

Rhufeiniaid (plural)
Rhufeiniad (mutation mutation-radical)
Rufeiniad (mutation mutation-soft)

(in the plural, biblical) Romans (epistle)


llysfam

llysfamau (plural)
llysfam (mutation mutation-radical)
lysfam (mutation mutation-soft)


llysferch

llysferched (plural)
llysferch (mutation mutation-radical)
lysferch (mutation mutation-soft)


llysfab

llysfeibion (plural)
llysfab (mutation mutation-radical)
lysfab (mutation mutation-soft)


llystad

llystadau (plural)
llystad (mutation mutation-radical)
lystad (mutation mutation-soft)

llys- (“step-”) + tad (“father”), cognate to Breton leztad


Sadwrn

From Middle Welsh Sadwrn, from Proto-Brythonic *Sadurn, borrowed from Vulgar Latin Săturnus, from Latin Sāturnus. Compare Cornish and Breton Sadorn.

(Christianity) Saint Sadwrn, a Welsh saint


Iau

Iau (mutation mutation-radical)
Hiau (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh Ieu, from Proto-Brythonic *Yow, from Latin Iovem (accusative of Iuppiter), from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“sky”). Compare Breton Yaou, Cornish Yow.

der

accusative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Iuppiter</i>


Mercher

Mercher (mutation mutation-radical)
Fercher (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Merchyr, from Proto-Brythonic *Merxür, borrowed from Latin Mercurius. Compare Breton Merc'her, Cornish Merher.


cochen

cy-noun

cochen f (plural cochennau, masculine cochyn)

cochennau (plural)
cochyn (masculine)
cochen (mutation mutation-radical)
gochen (mutation mutation-soft)
nghochen (mutation mutation-nasal)
chochen (mutation mutation-aspirate)


cochyn

cochyn m (plural cochynnau, feminine cochen)

cochynnau (plural)
cochen (feminine)
cochyn (mutation mutation-radical)
gochyn (mutation mutation-soft)
nghochyn (mutation mutation-nasal)
chochyn (mutation mutation-aspirate)


busnes

busnes m or f (plural busnesion or busneson or busnesau or busnesoedd)

busnesion (plural)
busneson (plural)
busnesau (plural)
busnesoedd (plural)
busnes (mutation mutation-radical)
fusnes (mutation mutation-soft)
musnes (mutation mutation-nasal)


cwmni

cwmnïau (plural)
cwmnïoedd (plural)
cwmni (mutation mutation-radical)
gwmni (mutation mutation-soft)
nghwmni (mutation mutation-nasal)
chwmni (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cwmbni, cwmnhi, borrowed from Middle English compainie, compaygnie.


atodiad

atodiaid (plural)
atodiad (mutation mutation-radical)
hatodiad (mutation prothesis-h)


corff

cyrff (plural)
corff (mutation mutation-radical)
gorff (mutation mutation-soft)
nghorff (mutation mutation-nasal)
chorff (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh corff, from Proto-Brythonic *korf, from Latin corpus. Ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root, *krep-, as cryf (“strong”). Compare Breton korf.


prifathrawes

prifathrawes f (plural prifathrawesau, masculine prifathro)

prifathrawesau (plural)
prifathro (masculine)
prifathrawes (mutation mutation-radical)
brifathrawes (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifathrawes (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifathrawes (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“main, principal, prime, chief”) + athro (“teacher”) + -es.


prifathro

cy-noun

prifathro m (plural prifathrawon, feminine prifathrawes)

prifathrawon (plural)
prifathrawes (feminine)
prifathro (mutation mutation-radical)
brifathro (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifathro (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifathro (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From prif- (“chief”) + athro (“teacher”).


prifgost

prifgostau (plural)
prifgost (mutation mutation-radical)
brifgost (mutation mutation-soft)
mhrifgost (mutation mutation-nasal)
phrifgost (mutation mutation-aspirate)


môr-forwyn

môr-forynion (plural)
môr-forwyn (mutation mutation-radical)
fôr-forwyn (mutation mutation-soft)


lladrad

lladradau (plural)
lladrad (mutation mutation-radical)
ladrad (mutation mutation-soft)


lleidr

lladron (plural)
lleidr (mutation mutation-radical)
leidr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh lleityr, from Proto-Brythonic *llėdr, from earlier *latrū, from Latin latrō.


morwyn

From Proto-Brythonic *moruɨn, from Proto-Celtic *morignā (compare Old Cornish moroin), from Proto-Indo-European *méryos (“boy, girl”) (compare Latin marītus (“husband”), Ancient Greek μεῖραξ (meîrax, “girl, boy”), Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “young man; foal”)). Related to merch.


cadair

cadeiriau (plural)
cadeirau (plural)
cadair (mutation mutation-radical)
gadair (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadair (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadair (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh cadeir, from Proto-Brythonic *kadėr (compare Cornish kador and Middle Breton cadoer), from Latin cathedra (compare Middle Irish cathaír), from Ancient Greek καθέδρα (kathédra).


duges

dugesau (plural)
dug (masculine)
duges (mutation mutation-radical)
dduges (mutation mutation-soft)
nuges (mutation mutation-nasal)


fforch

cy-noun

fforch f (plural ffyrch or fforchau, not mutable)

From Proto-Brythonic *forx, borrowed from Latin furca. Doublet of fforc.


fforc

From English fork, from Middle English forke, from Old English forca, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca. Doublet of fforch.


cyfiawnder

cyfiawnderau (plural)
cyfiawnder (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfiawnder (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfiawnder (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfiawnder (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cyfiawn (“righteous, upright, just, equitable, good; lawful, rightful; impartial; correct, accurate, right, regular, appropriate, suitable, fitting”, adjective) + -der.

affix

(law, etc.) righteousness, justice, equity, uprightness, justness


llywodraeth

llywodraethau (plural)
llywodraeth (mutation mutation-radical)
lywodraeth (mutation mutation-soft)

/ɬəˈwɔdraɨ̯θ/

From llywodr (“ruler, governor, chief, lord, master, king”) + -aeth, from llyw (“ruler; rudder; helm”).


triongl

trionglau (plural)
triongl (mutation mutation-radical)
driongl (mutation mutation-soft)
nhriongl (mutation mutation-nasal)
thriongl (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From tri (“three”) + ongl (“angle, corner”).


neuadd

Old Welsh nouod, from a Proto-Celtic *nom-od- (“temple”), which may be related to the root of *nemos (“heaven, sky”).


rhedeg

cy-verb

rhedeg (first-person singular present rhedaf)

rhedaf (first-person present singular)
rhedaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
rhedi (future indicative present second-person singular)
rhed (future indicative present singular third-person)
rhedwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
rhedwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
rhedant (future indicative plural present third-person)
rhedir (future impersonal indicative present)
rhedwn (conditional first-person singular)
rhedwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
rhedit (conditional second-person singular)
rhedit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
rhedai (conditional singular third-person)
rhedai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
rhedem (conditional first-person plural)
rhedem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
rhedech (conditional plural second-person)
rhedech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
rhedent (conditional plural third-person)
rhedent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
rhedid (conditional impersonal)
rhedid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
rhedais (first-person preterite singular)
rhedaist (preterite second-person singular)
rhedodd (preterite singular third-person)
rhedasom (first-person plural preterite)
rhedasoch (plural preterite second-person)
rhedasant (plural preterite third-person)
rhedwyd (impersonal preterite)
rhedaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
rhedasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
rhedasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
rhedasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
rhedasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
rhedasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
rhedasid (impersonal pluperfect)
rhedesid (impersonal pluperfect)
rhedwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
rhedych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
rhedo (present singular subjunctive third-person)
rhedom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
rhedoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
rhedont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
rheder (impersonal present subjunctive)
rhed (imperative second-person singular)
rheded (imperative singular third-person)
rhedwn (first-person imperative plural)
rhedwch (imperative plural second-person)
rhedent (imperative plural third-person)
rheder (imperative impersonal)
rhedeg (noun-from-verb)
rhededig (participle)
rhedadwy (participle)
rheda i (first-person future singular)
rhedaf i (first-person future singular)
rhedi di (future second-person singular)
rhedith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
rhediff e (future singular third-person)
rhedwn ni (first-person future plural)
rhedwch chi (future plural second-person)
rhedan nhw (future plural third-person)
rhedwn i (conditional first-person singular)
rhedswn i (conditional first-person singular)
rhedet ti (conditional second-person singular)
rhedset ti (conditional second-person singular)
rhedai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
rhedsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
rheden ni (conditional first-person plural)
rhedsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
rhedech chi (conditional plural second-person)
rhedsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
rheden nhw (conditional plural third-person)
rhedsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
rhedais i (first-person preterite singular)
rhedes i (first-person preterite singular)
rhedaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
rhedest ti (preterite second-person singular)
rhedodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
rhedon ni (first-person plural preterite)
rhedoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
rhedon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
rheda (imperative second-person singular)
rhedwch (imperative plural second-person)
rhedeg (mutation mutation-radical)
redeg (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh redec, from Old Welsh retit, from Proto-Brythonic *rrėdɨd, from Proto-Celtic *reteti, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂-.
Compare Cornish resek, Breton redek, Old Irish reithid.


llun

lluniau (plural)
llun (mutation mutation-radical)
lun (mutation mutation-soft)


llwyfan

llwyfannau (plural)
llwyfan (mutation mutation-radical)
lwyfan (mutation mutation-soft)

Possibly related to llwyfen (“elm tree”)


sebon

Uncertain. The sense “semen” is older than the sense “soap” (the former attested in Middle Welsh, the latter not until Early Modern Welsh), so it may be a conflation of Latin sēmen with Latin sāpō, although the vowels do not match either word. (If the Latin words had been borrowed into Proto-Brythonic, sēmen, sēminis would be expected to give Welsh *swyf(yn), while sāpō(nis) would give *sawb or *sobun.) Hypothesizing a borrowing from Old English sāpe (accusative sāpan) also leaves the vowels (and the early semantics) unaccounted for.


Aelod Seneddol

cy-noun

Aelod Seneddol m (plural Aelodau Seneddol)

Aelodau Seneddol (plural)
Aelod Seneddol (mutation mutation-radical)
Haelod Seneddol (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌeɨ̯lɔd sɛˈnɛðɔl/

Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament


cegin

From Middle Welsh kegyn, from Proto-Brythonic *kėgin (whence also Breton and Cornish kegin), from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.

“Mae'r bwyd yn barod ar fwrdd y gegin!” gwaeddod Mam.

“The food is ready on the kitchen table!” shouted Mam.


cegin

Picus viridis
Picus viridis#Translingual

(rare) woodpecker (Picidae), notably:
green woodpecker (Picus viridis)

great spotted woodpecker
great spotted woodpecker

Dendrocopos major
Dendrocopos major#Translingual

great spotted woodpecker, witwall (Dendrocopos major)

Garrulus glandarius
Garrulus glandarius#Translingual

(rare) Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius)


gramadeg

gramadegau (plural)
gramadeg (mutation mutation-radical)
ramadeg (mutation mutation-soft)
ngramadeg (mutation mutation-nasal)

Inherited from Middle Welsh gramadec, from Latin grammatica.


llawlyfr

llawlyfrau (plural)
llawlyfr (mutation mutation-radical)
lawlyfr (mutation mutation-soft)

/ˈɬau̯ˌlɨ̞vɨ̞r/

From llaw (“hand”) + llyfr (“book”), calque of English handbook.


berf

berfau (plural)
berf (mutation mutation-radical)
ferf (mutation mutation-soft)
merf (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh beryf, from Latin verbum. The initial /b/ is due to a reinterpretation of original /v/ as a soft mutation form.


arwydd

arwyddion (plural)
arwydd (mutation mutation-radical)
harwydd (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh arwyð, from Proto-Celtic *ɸareweidyom; compare Old Irish airde.

arwydd y Llew

(astrology, astronomy) sign (of the zodiac)


clawdd

cloddiau (plural)
cloddion (plural)
clawdd (mutation mutation-radical)
glawdd (mutation mutation-soft)
nghlawdd (mutation mutation-nasal)
chlawdd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Celtic *klādos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂dos.

soil thrown up in digging a pit or trench; mound, wall made of earth, dyke, earthwork, bulwark


llwyn

llwyn m (plural llwynau or llwyni, diminutive llwynyn)

llwynau (plural)
llwyni (plural)
llwynyn (diminutive)

From Middle Welsh llwyn, from Old Welsh loin, from Proto-Brythonic *lluɨn, from Latin lignum. Cognate with Old Breton loin, loen.

(especially in love poetry) the traditional rendezvous of lovers, symbol of love or romance


gwesty

gwestai (plural)
gwesty (mutation mutation-radical)
westy (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwesty (mutation mutation-nasal)

hotel (establishment providing accommodation)


newyddiadur

newyddiadur m (plural newyddiaduron, not mutable)


gwers

gwersi (plural)
gwers (mutation mutation-radical)
wers (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwers (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh gwers, from Proto-Brythonic *gwers, from Latin versus (“line of writing, verse”).


papur newydd

papur newydd m (plural papurau newyddion)

papurau newyddion (plural)
papur newydd (mutation mutation-radical)
bapur newydd (mutation mutation-soft)
mhapur newydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
phapur newydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˈpapɨ̞r ˈnɛu̯.ɨ̞ð/


ysbyty

ysbytai (plural)
ysbyty (mutation mutation-radical)
hysbyty (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh yspyty, a compound of yspyt + ty (“house”) (modern tŷ). The first element is from Proto-Brythonic *öspɨd, from Latin hospitium (“hospitality; inn”).


ystafell aros

ystafell aros f (plural ystafelloedd aros)

ystafelloedd aros (plural)
ystafell aros (mutation mutation-radical)
hystafell aros (mutation prothesis-h)


cyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth

cyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth f (plural cyfrwngddarostyngedigaethau)

cyfrwngddarostyngedigaethau (plural)
cyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
gyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth (mutation mutation-soft)
nghyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth (mutation mutation-nasal)
chyfrwngddarostyngedigaeth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

[ˌkʰəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdɪɡaɨ̯θ]

[ˌkʰəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdɪɡɛθ]

[ˌkəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdiːɡai̯θ]

[ˌkəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdɪɡai̯θ]

[ˌkəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdiːɡɛθ]

[ˌkəvrʊŋˌðarɔsˌtəŋɛˈdɪɡɛθ]


amgueddfa

amgueddfa f (plural amgueddfeydd or amgueddfâu or amgueddfaoedd)

amgueddfeydd (plural)
amgueddfâu (plural)
amgueddfaoedd (plural)
amgueddfa (mutation mutation-radical)
hamgueddfa (mutation prothesis-h)

/ˌamɡɨ̞ˈɛðva/

From amguedd (“treasure, wealth”) + -fa, -ma; coined by William Owen Pughe.


dyfeiswraig

head

dyfeiswraig f (masculine dyfeisiwr, plural dyfeiswragedd)

dyfeisiwr (masculine)
dyfeiswragedd (plural)
dyfeiswraig (mutation mutation-radical)
ddyfeiswraig (mutation mutation-soft)
nyfeiswraig (mutation mutation-nasal)


ffin

From Middle Welsh ffin, from Old Welsh fin, from Proto-Brythonic *fin, a borrowing from Latin finis.


plât

platiau (plural)
plât (mutation mutation-radical)
blât (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlât (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlât (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle English plate or directly from Old French plate.


swyddog

cy-noun

swyddog m (plural swyddogion, not mutable)


saethyddiaeth

saethyddiaeth f (uncountable, not mutable)

/seɨ̯ˈθəðjaɨ̯θ/

/seɨ̯ˈθəðjɛθ/

/sei̯ˈθəðjɛθ/

archery (practice or sport of shooting arrows with a bow)


proffwydes

proffwydesau (plural)
proffwydes (mutation mutation-radical)
broffwydes (mutation mutation-soft)
mhroffwydes (mutation mutation-nasal)
phroffwydes (mutation mutation-aspirate)


proffwyd

proffwydi (plural)
proffwyd (mutation mutation-radical)
broffwyd (mutation mutation-soft)
mhroffwyd (mutation mutation-nasal)
phroffwyd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Proto-Brythonic *profuïd, borrowed from Late Latin prophēta, from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs, “one who speaks for a god”).


ditio

cy-verb

ditio (first-person singular present ditiaf)

ditiaf (first-person present singular)
ditiaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
diti (future indicative present second-person singular)
ditia (future indicative present singular third-person)
ditiwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
ditiwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
ditiant (future indicative plural present third-person)
ditir (future impersonal indicative present)
ditiwn (conditional first-person singular)
ditiwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ditit (conditional second-person singular)
ditit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ditiai (conditional singular third-person)
ditiai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ditiem (conditional first-person plural)
ditiem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ditiech (conditional plural second-person)
ditiech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ditient (conditional plural third-person)
ditient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ditid (conditional impersonal)
ditid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
ditiais (first-person preterite singular)
ditiaist (preterite second-person singular)
ditiodd (preterite singular third-person)
ditiasom (first-person plural preterite)
ditiasoch (plural preterite second-person)
ditiasant (plural preterite third-person)
ditiwyd (impersonal preterite)
ditiaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
ditiasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
ditiasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
ditiasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
ditiasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
ditiasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
ditiasid (impersonal pluperfect)
ditiesid (impersonal pluperfect)
ditiwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
ditiech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
ditio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
ditiom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
ditioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
ditiont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
ditier (impersonal present subjunctive)
ditia (imperative second-person singular)
ditied (imperative singular third-person)
ditiwn (first-person imperative plural)
ditiwch (imperative plural second-person)
ditient (imperative plural third-person)
ditier (imperative impersonal)
ditio (noun-from-verb)
ditiedig (participle)
ditiadwy (participle)
ditia i (first-person future singular)
ditiaf i (first-person future singular)
diti di (future second-person singular)
ditith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
ditiff e (future singular third-person)
ditiwn ni (first-person future plural)
ditiwch chi (future plural second-person)
ditian nhw (future plural third-person)
ditiwn i (conditional first-person singular)
ditiswn i (conditional first-person singular)
ditiet ti (conditional second-person singular)
ditiset ti (conditional second-person singular)
ditiai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
ditisai fo (conditional singular third-person)
ditien ni (conditional first-person plural)
ditisen ni (conditional first-person plural)
ditiech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ditisech chi (conditional plural second-person)
ditien nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ditisen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
ditiais i (first-person preterite singular)
dities i (first-person preterite singular)
ditiaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
ditiest ti (preterite second-person singular)
ditiodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
dition ni (first-person plural preterite)
ditioch chi (plural preterite second-person)
dition nhw (plural preterite third-person)
ditia (imperative second-person singular)
ditiwch (imperative plural second-person)
ditio (mutation mutation-radical)
dditio (mutation mutation-soft)
nitio (mutation mutation-nasal)

Borrowed from Middle English enditen, from Old French enditer.


dynfarch

dynfeirch (plural)
dynfarch (mutation mutation-radical)
ddynfarch (mutation mutation-soft)
nynfarch (mutation mutation-nasal)

From dyn (“man”) + march (“horse, stallion”).


nymff

cy-noun

nymff f (plural nymffod or nimffau or nimffiaid, not mutable)

nymffod (plural)
nimffau (plural)
nimffiaid (plural)

Borrowed from Latin nympha (“nymph, bride”), from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē, “bride”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) nymph


gwyddoniadur

gwyddoniaduron (plural)
gwyddoniadur (mutation mutation-radical)
wyddoniadur (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwyddoniadur (mutation mutation-nasal)


blith

blithion (plural)
blith (mutation mutation-radical)
flith (mutation mutation-soft)
mlith (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Brythonic *bliθ, a conflation of a noun Proto-Celtic *mlixtus and an adjective *mlixtis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (compare English milk, Latin mulgeō (“to milk”)). Cognate with Irish bleacht.


angyles

angylesau (plural)
angyles (mutation mutation-radical)
hangyles (mutation prothesis-h)


cadeiriol

cy-adj

cadeiriol (feminine singular cadeiriol, plural cadeiriol, not comparable)

cadeiriol (feminine singular)
cadeiriol (plural)
cadeiriol (mutation mutation-radical)
gadeiriol (mutation mutation-soft)
nghadeiriol (mutation mutation-nasal)
chadeiriol (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(Christianity) cathedral (pertaining to the throne or see of a bishop)


comedi

cy-noun

comedi m or f (plural comedïau or comedis)

comedïau (plural)
comedis (plural)
comedi (mutation mutation-radical)
gomedi (mutation mutation-soft)
nghomedi (mutation mutation-nasal)
chomedi (mutation mutation-aspirate)


iwcalili

iwcalilis (plural)
iwcalili (mutation mutation-radical)
hiwcalili (mutation prothesis-h)

Borrowed from English ukulele, from Hawaiian ʻukulele.


pafán

pafanau (plural)
pafán (mutation mutation-radical)
bafán (mutation mutation-soft)
mhafán (mutation mutation-nasal)
phafán (mutation mutation-aspirate)


modd

moddau (plural)
moddion (plural)
modd (mutation mutation-radical)
fodd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh moẟ, from Proto-Brythonic *moð, from Latin modus.


rabi

rabi m (plural rabiniaid or rabïaid, not mutable)

Borrowed from Latin rabbi, from Ancient Greek ῥαββί (rhabbí), from Hebrew רַבִּי (rabbî).


ysgol breswyl

ysgol breswyl f (plural ysgolion preswyl)

ysgolion preswyl (plural)
ysgol breswyl (mutation mutation-radical)
hysgol breswyl (mutation prothesis-h)


preswyl

preswylion (plural)
preswyl (mutation mutation-radical)
breswyl (mutation mutation-soft)
mhreswyl (mutation mutation-nasal)
phreswyl (mutation mutation-aspirate)


costus

cy-adj

costus (feminine singular costus, plural costus, equative mor gostus, comparative mwy costus, superlative mwyaf costus)

costus (feminine singular)
costus (plural)
mor gostus (equative)
mwy costus (comparative)
mwyaf costus (superlative)
costus (mutation mutation-radical)
gostus (mutation mutation-soft)
nghostus (mutation mutation-nasal)
chostus (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ystafell

ystafelloedd (plural)
ystafell (mutation mutation-radical)
hystafell (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ystauell, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨstavell, from Vulgar Latin *(i)stabellum, from Latin stabulum (“dwelling; stable”); cognate with English stable (“building for horses”).


brenhines

breninesau (plural)
brenhines (mutation mutation-radical)
frenhines (mutation mutation-soft)
mrenhines (mutation mutation-nasal)


gwreiddyn

gwreiddiau (plural)
gwreiddyn (mutation mutation-radical)
wreiddyn (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwreiddyn (mutation mutation-nasal)

(figurative) source, origin, foundation, basis

(linguistics) root, a word from which another word or words are derived.

(linguistic morphology) root, primary lexical unit of a word.

source, origin, foundation, basis
root, primary lexical unit of a word.

(music) root, the foundational tone of a chord

source, origin, foundation, basis
root, the foundational tone of a chord


troad

troadau (plural)
troad (mutation mutation-radical)
droad (mutation mutation-soft)
nhroad (mutation mutation-nasal)
throad (mutation mutation-aspirate)

change, alteration, conversion, transformation


bêr

berau (plural)
beri (plural)
bêr (mutation mutation-radical)
fêr (mutation mutation-soft)
mêr (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh ber, from Proto-Brythonic *ber, from Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”).

(typography) double dagger, diesis, double obelus (‡)


microdon

microdonnau (plural)
microdon (mutation mutation-radical)
ficrodon (mutation mutation-soft)


ansoddair

ansoddeiriau (plural)
ansoddair (mutation mutation-radical)
hansoddair (mutation prothesis-h)

From ansawdd (“quality, attribute, characteristic”) + gair (“word”).


arddodiad

arddodiaid (plural)
arddodiad (mutation mutation-radical)
harddodiad (mutation prothesis-h)

From arddodi (“to lay on, impose”) + -iad.

(religion) laying on of hands, imposition of hands


coleg

colegau (plural)
coleg (mutation mutation-radical)
goleg (mutation mutation-soft)
ngholeg (mutation mutation-nasal)
choleg (mutation mutation-aspirate)


ieithyddiaeth

cy-noun

ieithyddiaeth f (plural ieithyddiaethau)

ieithyddiaethau (plural)
ieithyddiaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
hieithyddiaeth (mutation prothesis-h)

/jei̯ˈθəðjaɨ̯θ/

/jei̯ˈθəðjɛθ/

/jei̯ˈθəðjɛθ/

From ieithydd (“linguist, grammarian, philologist”) + -iaeth.


stafell

cy-noun

stafell f (plural stafelloedd, not mutable)


caban

cabanau (plural)
caban (mutation mutation-radical)
gaban (mutation mutation-soft)
nghaban (mutation mutation-nasal)
chaban (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle English caban, cabane, from Old French cabane, from Late Latin cabanna.


coron

coronau (plural)
coron (mutation mutation-radical)
goron (mutation mutation-soft)
nghoron (mutation mutation-nasal)
choron (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Borrowed from Middle English corone, from Old French corone, from Latin corōna.

(metonymically) the crown (sovereign power of a monarch)

(historical) crown (predecimalization British coin worth five shillings)


symbal

symbal m or f (plural cymbalau, not mutable)


pechu

cy-verb

pechu (first-person singular present pechaf)

pechaf (first-person present singular)
pechaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
pechi (future indicative present second-person singular)
pech (future indicative present singular third-person)
pecha (future indicative present singular third-person)
pechwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
pechwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
pechant (future indicative plural present third-person)
pechir (future impersonal indicative present)
pechwn (conditional first-person singular)
pechwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular subjunctive)
pechit (conditional second-person singular)
pechit (imperfect indicative second-person singular subjunctive)
pechai (conditional singular third-person)
pechai (imperfect indicative singular subjunctive third-person)
pechem (conditional first-person plural)
pechem (first-person imperfect indicative plural subjunctive)
pechech (conditional plural second-person)
pechech (imperfect indicative plural second-person subjunctive)
pechent (conditional plural third-person)
pechent (imperfect indicative plural subjunctive third-person)
pechid (conditional impersonal)
pechid (imperfect impersonal indicative subjunctive)
pechais (first-person preterite singular)
pechaist (preterite second-person singular)
pechodd (preterite singular third-person)
pechasom (first-person plural preterite)
pechasoch (plural preterite second-person)
pechasant (plural preterite third-person)
pechwyd (impersonal preterite)
pechaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
pechasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
pechasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
pechasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
pechasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
pechasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
pechasid (impersonal pluperfect)
pechesid (impersonal pluperfect)
pechwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
pechych (present second-person singular subjunctive)
pecho (present singular subjunctive third-person)
pechom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
pechoch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
pechont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
pecher (impersonal present subjunctive)
pech (imperative second-person singular)
pecha (imperative second-person singular)
peched (imperative singular third-person)
pechwn (first-person imperative plural)
pechwch (imperative plural second-person)
pechent (imperative plural third-person)
pecher (imperative impersonal)
pechu (noun-from-verb)
pechedig (participle)
pechadwy (participle)
pecha i (first-person future singular)
pechaf i (first-person future singular)
pechi di (future second-person singular)
pechith o (future singular third-person)
e (future singular third-person)
hi (future singular third-person)
pechiff e (future singular third-person)
pechwn ni (first-person future plural)
pechwch chi (future plural second-person)
pechan nhw (future plural third-person)
pechwn i (conditional first-person singular)
pechswn i (conditional first-person singular)
pechet ti (conditional second-person singular)
pechset ti (conditional second-person singular)
pechai fo (conditional singular third-person)
fe (conditional singular third-person)
hi (conditional singular third-person)
pechsai fo (conditional singular third-person)
pechen ni (conditional first-person plural)
pechsen ni (conditional first-person plural)
pechech chi (conditional plural second-person)
pechsech chi (conditional plural second-person)
pechen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
pechsen nhw (conditional plural third-person)
pechais i (first-person preterite singular)
peches i (first-person preterite singular)
pechaist ti (preterite second-person singular)
pechest ti (preterite second-person singular)
pechodd o (preterite singular third-person)
e (preterite singular third-person)
hi (preterite singular third-person)
pechon ni (first-person plural preterite)
pechoch chi (plural preterite second-person)
pechon nhw (plural preterite third-person)
pecha (imperative second-person singular)
pechwch (imperative plural second-person)
pechu (mutation mutation-radical)
bechu (mutation mutation-soft)
mhechu (mutation mutation-nasal)
phechu (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh pechu, from Proto-Brythonic *pexad, from Latin peccō (“I offend, sin”).


gwystl

gwystlon (plural)
gwystl (mutation mutation-radical)
wystl (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwystl (mutation mutation-nasal)

[ˈɡwɨ̞stl̩ˠ]

From Middle Welsh gwystyl, from Proto-Brythonic *guɨstl, from Proto-Celtic *geistlos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeys-tlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-.


gwniadur

cy-noun

gwniadur m or f (plural gwniaduron or gwniaduriau)

gwniaduron (plural)
gwniaduriau (plural)
gwniadur (mutation mutation-radical)
wniadur (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwniadur (mutation mutation-nasal)


emyn

emynau (plural)
emyn (mutation mutation-radical)
hemyn (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh emynn, from Old English ymen, from Latin hymnus.


gwrthban

gwrthbanau (plural)
gwrthban (mutation mutation-radical)
wrthban (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrthban (mutation mutation-nasal)


planced

plancedi (plural)
planced (mutation mutation-radical)
blanced (mutation mutation-soft)
mhlanced (mutation mutation-nasal)
phlanced (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Variant of blanced, borrowed from English blanket.


cylched

cylchedau (plural)
cylched (mutation mutation-radical)
gylched (mutation mutation-soft)
nghylched (mutation mutation-nasal)
chylched (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From cylch (“circle, ring; compass, scope, range; circumference”) + -ed.

affix

a going around, an encompassing; compass, ambit, circuit, circumference


adain

cy-noun

adain f (plural adenydd or adanedd or adeinydd or adeinedd or adeiniau or edenydd or edyn)

adenydd (plural)
adanedd (plural)
adeinydd (plural)
adeinedd (plural)
adeiniau (plural)
edenydd (plural)
edyn (plural)
adain (mutation mutation-radical)
hadain (mutation prothesis-h)

From Proto-Celtic *ɸatanī (compare Old Irish ette (“feather”)), from *ɸetnos (“bird”). More at adar, edn.


brenhiniaeth

breniniaethau (plural)
brenhiniaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
frenhiniaeth (mutation mutation-soft)
mrenhiniaeth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From brenin (“king, monarch, sovereign”) + -iaeth.


cerddoriaeth

cerddoriaeth (mutation mutation-radical)
gerddoriaeth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngherddoriaeth (mutation mutation-nasal)
cherddoriaeth (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kɛrˈðɔrjaɨ̯θ/

/kɛrˈðɔrjɛθ/

/kɛrˈðɔrjɛθ/


cefn

cy-noun

cefn m (plural cefnau or cefnoedd or cefnydd)

cefnau (plural)
cefnoedd (plural)
cefnydd (plural)
cefn (mutation mutation-radical)
gefn (mutation mutation-soft)
nghefn (mutation mutation-nasal)
chefn (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh keuen. Related to Breton kein (“back”), Cornish keyn (“back”), Gaulish Cebenna (“ridge, height”) (whence French Cévennes).

ar gefn

in addition to, as a consequence of, with regard to; at the expense of; on top, upon, up to

cefn lloer

full moon; crescent of the moon, half moon

cefnog

backed, having a back; strong, stout brave

yng nghefn

behind one's back, underhand; following, pursuing

(biblical) furlong (unit of length equivalent to a stadion)


amobr

amobrau (plural)
amobr (mutation mutation-radical)
hamobr (mutation prothesis-h)

(historical, law) a maiden-fee, paid to a lord on the marriage of a maiden in his manor.


ceiniog

ceiniogau (plural)
ceiniog (mutation mutation-radical)
geiniog (mutation mutation-soft)
ngheiniog (mutation mutation-nasal)
cheiniog (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh kenyawc, keinhauc (“penny”). Perhaps ultimately related to cant (“circle, rim, hoop”).


briduw

briduw (mutation mutation-radical)
friduw (mutation mutation-soft)
mriduw (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law) a solemn oath in which God is taken as a witness


arddelw

cy-noun

arddelw m or f by sense (plural arddelwon)

arddelwon (plural)
arddelw (mutation mutation-radical)
harddelw (mutation prothesis-h)

(law) a vouchee involved in a legal defense


camlwrw

camlwrw m (plural camlyriau or camlyrau)

camlyriau (plural)
camlyrau (plural)
camlwrw (mutation mutation-radical)
gamlwrw (mutation mutation-soft)
nghamlwrw (mutation mutation-nasal)
chamlwrw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

(law, historical) a fine of three cows paid to a king for various offenses


ebediw

ebediwau (plural)
ebediwiau (plural)
ebediw (mutation mutation-radical)
hebediw (mutation prothesis-h)

(law, historical) a heriot, a payment made to a lord on the death of a tenant


marwdy

marwdai (plural)
marwdy (mutation mutation-radical)
farwdy (mutation mutation-soft)

(law, historical) the real estate and its appurtenances escheating to a lord because its owner died intestate


teithi

From a nominalization of Proto-Celtic *tanxtyos (“proper, right”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be solid, firm”); cognate with Old Irish téchtae. Closely related to Proto-Celtic *tankos (“peace”).

der

The Laws of Hywel Dda
Teithi gwr ywgallu kyt agwreic a bot yn gyfan yaelodeu oll.

The teithi of a man are that he should be able to have connexion with a woman and that he should be sound in all his limbs.

(law, historical) the essential qualities or attributes required of something under the law, the loss of which occasioned certain punishments or payments of compensation

The Laws of Hywel Dda
Teithi kath, kymeint yw ae gwerth kyfreith.

The teithi of a cat are as much as its legal worth.


dirwy

cy-noun

dirwy m or f (plural dirwyon or dirwyau)

dirwyon (plural)
dirwyau (plural)
dirwy (mutation mutation-radical)
ddirwy (mutation mutation-soft)
nirwy (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh diruy, dyruy, dyrwy, from Proto-Celtic *dīreiyom. Cognate to Old Irish díre.

De tribus fit dirwy: scilicet, de pugna, furto, treiss.

For three things are there dirwy: namely, for fighting, for theft, for rape. — The Laws of Hywel Dda

(law, historical, specifically) a fine of twelve cows paid to a king for various offenses


dadannudd

dadanhuddiau (plural)
dadannudd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddadannudd (mutation mutation-soft)
nadannudd (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a suit at law seeking to recover a patrimony previously held by an ancestor of the claimant


dawnbwyd

dawnau bwyd (plural)
dawnbwyd (mutation mutation-radical)
ddawnbwyd (mutation mutation-soft)
nawnbwyd (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) a gift of food owed to the king of a gwlad twice a year by the taeogs of his realm


gwarthal

gwarthalion (plural)
gwarthal (mutation mutation-radical)
warthal (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwarthal (mutation mutation-nasal)

(law, historical) lagniappe, something extra


gwrda

gwyrda (plural)
gwrda (mutation mutation-radical)
wrda (mutation mutation-soft)
ngwrda (mutation mutation-nasal)


taeogtref

taeogtrefi (plural)
taeogtref (mutation mutation-radical)
daeogtref (mutation mutation-soft)
nhaeogtref (mutation mutation-nasal)
thaeogtref (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh taiauctref; equivalent to taeog (“serf”) + tref (“town, village”).

(law, historical) a tref of serfs, legally comprising three rhandirs and serving as one-seventh of a bond maenor