Cymru

Cymru (mutation mutation-radical)
Gymru (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghymru (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chymru (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh Kymry, from Proto-Brythonic *kömroɣ, from Proto-Celtic *kom- (associative prefix) + *mrogis (“region, country”). By surface analysis, cyn (“with, together”) + bro (“country”). Cognate with English Cumbria and Cambria.


Casnewydd

Casnewydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Gasnewydd (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghasnewydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chasnewydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ˌkaːsˈnɛu̯ɨ̞ð/

/ˌkaːsˈnɛu̯ɪð/

Newport (a city and unitary authority in Monmouthshire)


Llundain

Llundain (mutation mutation-radical)
Lundain (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Llundein (compare Middle English Lunden), ultimately from Latin Londinium.

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


cromlech

cromlechi (plural)
cromlech (mutation mutation-radical)
gromlech (mutation mutation-soft)
nghromlech (mutation mutation-nasal)
chromlech (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From crom (“bowed, arched”, feminine of crwm) + llech (“flat stone”).
First element is a Germanic borrowing (compare Irish crom (“bent over”)) from Proto-Germanic *krumpaz; second element is from Proto-Celtic *ɸlikkā.

compound

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="cy">crwm</i>

cromlech (Welsh dolmen or underground tomb)


Cernyw

Cernyw (mutation mutation-radical)
Gernyw (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghernyw (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chernyw (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh Kernyw, from Proto-Brythonic *Körnɨw (compare Cornish Kernow, Breton Kernev). Probably ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; horn”) and thus cognate with Welsh carn (“hoof”) and English horn.

cog

Cornwall (an historic and ceremonial county of England)


Lloegr

Lloegr (mutation mutation-radical)
Loegr (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh Lloegyr; further etymology unknown, with various disparate theories. See an in-depth analysis at this page at The Old North. TON claims Matasović (2009) presents the most plausible simple hypothesis, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *lāikor (“warriors”), from *lāiko- (“warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“war”), and cognate with Hittite 𒆷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (laḫḫa-, “campaign”), Ancient Greek λᾱός (lāós, “army, folk”).


Caerdydd

Caerdydd (mutation mutation-radical)
Gaerdydd (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaerdydd (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaerdydd (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/kaɨ̯rˈdɨːð/

From Middle Welsh Caerdyf. Equivalent to caer (“fort”) + Taf (“[River] Taff”); literally "fortified city on the River Taff".
The change from final /v/ to /ð/ is a local pronunciation, postdating the name being borrowed into English.

Cardiff (a city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales)


Powys

→ English: Powys

Powys (mutation mutation-radical)
Bowys (mutation mutation-soft)
Mhowys (mutation mutation-nasal)
Phowys (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Middle Welsh Powys, from Old Welsh Pouos, generally derived from Latin pagēnsis (“provincial”), from pagus (“canton, province”). Cognate with Italian paese and French pays (“country”).

Powys (a principal area and preserved county of Wales)


Gwynedd

From Middle Welsh Guynet, from Old Irish, cognate with either Féni (“Irish People”), from Proto-Indo-European *weydʰ- (“wood, wilderness”); or fían (“war band”) (from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“chase, pursue, suppress”)).

der

Gwynedd (a county of Wales, in the north-west of the country)


Bryste

Bryste (mutation mutation-radical)
Fryste (mutation mutation-soft)
Mryste (mutation mutation-nasal)

Bristol (a city, county, and unitary authority in southwest England)


Ynys Manaw

Ynys Manaw (mutation mutation-radical)
Hynys Manaw (mutation prothesis-h)

From ynys (“island”) and a descendant of Proto-Brythonic *manawiā or *manawā.

Isle of Man (an island and Crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea)


Lerpwl

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


Caeredin

Caeredin (mutation mutation-radical)
Gaeredin (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaeredin (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaeredin (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Manceinion

Manceinion (mutation mutation-radical)
Fanceinion (mutation mutation-soft)

A back-formation based on Latin Mancunium invented by William Baxter in his Glossarium Antiquitatum Britannicarum.

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

Manchester (a major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England)


Caint

Caint (mutation mutation-radical)
Gaint (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaint (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaint (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From Brythonic *Cantio, from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”). Doublet of camp (“feat, sport”) and siampên (“champagne”).


Ceredigion

From Ceredig ap Cunedda, 5th-century king.


Bro Morgannwg

Bro Morgannwg (mutation mutation-radical)
Fro Morgannwg (mutation mutation-soft)
Mro Morgannwg (mutation mutation-nasal)

Vale of Glamorgan
Vale of Glamorgan#English

Vale of Glamorgan (a county borough of South Wales)


Gwyndyd

Gwyndyd (mutation mutation-radical)
Wyndyd (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngwyndyd (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈɡʊɨ̯ndɨ̞d/


Dyfnaint

Dyfnaint (mutation mutation-radical)
Ddyfnaint (mutation mutation-soft)
Nyfnaint (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Middle Welsh Dyfneint, from Proto-Brythonic *Düβnėnt. Cognate with Cornish Dewnans, Breton Devnent.


Caerffili

Caerffili (mutation mutation-radical)
Gaerffili (mutation mutation-soft)
Nghaerffili (mutation mutation-nasal)
Chaerffili (mutation mutation-aspirate)

From caer (“fort”) + Ffili (“personal name”); literally "Ffili's fort". Possibly from Old Irish fili (“seer, poet”).


Llyn Loch

Dim ond Llyn Loch Ness dw i, yr un chwedlonol.

I'm just the Loch Ness, the mythological.


Teyrnas Unedig

Y Deyrnas Unedig (canonical feminine)
Teyrnas Unedig (mutation mutation-radical)
Deyrnas Unedig (mutation mutation-soft)
Nheyrnas Unedig (mutation mutation-nasal)
Theyrnas Unedig (mutation mutation-aspirate)

/ə ˌdeɨ̯rnas ɨ̞ˈnɛdɪɡ/

Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon


Swydd Gaerlŷr

swydd (“county, shire”) + Caerlŷr (“Leicester”)

com

Leicestershire (a county of East Midlands, England)


Glannau Merswy

Glannau Merswy (mutation mutation-radical)
Lannau Merswy (mutation mutation-soft)
Nglannau Merswy (mutation mutation-nasal)

glannau (“banks, shores”) + Merswy (“[River] Mersey”)

Merseyside (a metropolitan county in northwestern England)


Swydd Gaerwrangon

swydd (“shire, county”) + Caerwrangon (“Worcester”)

Worcestershire (a county of West Midlands, England; capital: Worcester)


Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr

Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr (mutation mutation-radical)
Orllewin Canolbarth Lloegr (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr (mutation mutation-nasal)

West Midlands (a county of West Midlands, England)


Castell-nedd Port Talbot

Neath Port Talbot
Neath Port Talbot#English

Neath Port Talbot (a county borough and unitary authority in South Wales).


Wrecsam

Wrexham (a county borough in northeastern Wales, United Kingdom)


Swydd Rydychen

swydd (“shire, country”) + Rhydychen (“Oxford”)

Oxfordshire (An historical and ceremonial county in South-West England)


Swydd Gaer

swydd (“shire, county”) + Caer (“Chester”)

Cheshire (A county of North West England)


Gŵyl Dewi

Gŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-radical)
Ŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-soft)
Ngŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

Gŵyl (“festival”) + Dewi (“(of) (Saint) David”)

Saint David's Day
Saint David's Day#English


Dydd Gŵyl Dewi

Dydd Gŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-radical)
Ddydd Gŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-soft)
Nydd Gŵyl Dewi (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˌdɨːð ˌɡuːɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

/ˌdɪɡʊɨ̯l ˈdɛu̯.ɪ/

/ˌdiːð ˌɡʊi̯l ˈdɛu̯.i/

Dydd (“day”) + Gŵyl (“(of the) festival”) + Dewi (“(of) (Saint) David”)


Pen-y-bont

Pen-y-bont (mutation mutation-radical)
Ben-y-bont (mutation mutation-soft)
Mhen-y-bont (mutation mutation-nasal)
Phen-y-bont (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr#Welsh

Short for Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr: Bridgend (a town and county borough of Wales)


Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr

Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr (mutation mutation-radical)
Ben-y-bont ar Ogwr (mutation mutation-soft)
Mhen-y-bont ar Ogwr (mutation mutation-nasal)
Phen-y-bont ar Ogwr (mutation mutation-aspirate)

Literally, “end of the bridge on the Ogmore”


Merthyr Tudful

Merthyr Tudful (mutation mutation-radical)
Ferthyr Tudful (mutation mutation-soft)

/ˌmɛrθɨ̞r ˈtɨ̞dvɨ̞l/

Merthyr Tydfil (a county borough of Wales)


Sir Benfro

Pembrokeshire (a maritime traditional county of Wales)