bore

From Middle Welsh bore, from Proto-Brythonic *bọreɣ, from Proto-Celtic *bāregos (“morning”). Cognate with Breton beure and Old Irish bárach (whence i mbárach (“tomorrow”), modern Irish amáireach and amárach).


nos

PIE word
 *nókʷts
From Middle Welsh nos, according to Matasovic, a loanword from Latin nox (“night”), but according to Falileyev, from Old Welsh nos, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-stu-, a suffixed form of *noxs (“night”) (the expected Welsh descendant of this would be **noeth).
Cognates include Breton noz, Cornish nos and Gaulish nox.


modern

cy-adj

modern (feminine singular modern, plural modern, equative mor fodern, comparative mwy modern, superlative mwyaf modern)

modern (feminine singular)
modern (plural)
mor fodern (equative)
mwy modern (comparative)
mwyaf modern (superlative)
modern
fodern (soft)


dydd

From Middle Welsh dyð, from Old Welsh did, from Proto-Brythonic *dɨð, from Proto-Celtic *dyīus (compare Cornish dydh, Breton deiz, Old Irish día), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (compare Latin diēs).


wythnos

wythnosau (plural)
wythnos
hwythnos (prothesis-h)


mis

From Proto-Celtic *mīns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


blwyddyn

cy-noun

blwyddyn f (plural blynyddoedd or blynyddau)

blynyddoedd (plural)
blynyddau (plural)
blwyddyn
flwyddyn (soft)
mlwyddyn

/ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

From Middle Welsh blwyðyn, from Old Welsh bloidin, from Proto-Brythonic *bluɨðėn (compare Cornish bledhen, Breton blizen), from Proto-Celtic *bleidanī (compare Old Irish blíadain), from *bleidū (compare Welsh blwydd (“age; year(s) old”)).


awr

From Middle Welsh awr, from Proto-Brythonic *ọr, from Latin hōra.


munud

From Middle Welsh munud, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th of an hour; note”), possibly from Old French minute or Middle English mynute. Cognate with Breton munud.


amrantiad

amrantiadau (plural)
amrantiad
hamrantiad (prothesis-h)


byth

From Middle Welsh byth, possibly borrowed from Old Irish bith, in which case doublet of byd.


tro

cy-noun

tro m (plural troeon or troeau or troau)

troeon (plural)
troeau (plural)
troau (plural)

From Proto-Brythonic *tro, related to Middle Breton tro and middle Cornish tro. The ultimate origin is unclear; sometimes said to be from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía, “Troy”), referring to the city's maze-like walls, but this could just be a similarity enforced by folk etymology. It could instead be from corruptions of troed (“foot”), Latin torqueo (“I turn”), or Latin tropus/Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”). Also compare French troller (“to stroll, drag, wander about”). More at Caerdroia.

ar dro

in turns, alternately, occasionally; on a walk, on one's way

yr ail dro

y tro diwethaf

Tan y tro nesa!


heno

From Old Welsh henoid, from Proto-Brythonic *henoɨθ, from Proto-Celtic *se noxt-. Cognate with Breton henoazh, Cornish haneth, Old Irish innocht.


oes

From Old Welsh ois, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨs, from Proto-Celtic *aissom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“life, age”). Ultimately cognate with Welsh oed, Latin aevus.


noswaith

cy-noun

noswaith f (plural nosweithiau, not mutable)

nos (“night”) + gwaith f (“time, occasion”)


prynhawn

cy-noun

prynhawn m (plural prynhawniau or prynhawnau)

prynhawniau (plural)
prynhawnau (plural)
prynhawn
brynhawn (soft)
mhrynhawn
phrynhawn
p'nawn (alternative)
prydnawn (alternative)


amser

amser m or f (plural amserau or amseroedd or amserion or amseron)

amserau (plural)
amseroedd (plural)
amserion (plural)
amseron (plural)
amser
hamser (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh amser, from Old Welsh amser, from Proto-Celtic *amsterā (“time, moment”); cognate with Old Irish aimser.


nawn

Ultimately from Latin nōna (“ninth hour”) (short for nōna hōra), feminine of nōnus (“ninth”).


machlud haul

machludau haul (plural)
machlud haul
fachlud haul (soft)


gwawr

gwawriau (plural)
gwawroedd (plural)
gwawr
wawr (soft)
ngwawr

From Proto-Celtic *wāris. Cognate with Latin aurora (“dawn”), Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”).


cyfnos

cyfnosau (plural)
cyfnos
gyfnos (soft)
nghyfnos
chyfnos

evening, dusk, gloaming, nightfall, twilight


brig y nos

brigau'r nos (plural)
brig y nos
frig y nos (soft)
mrig y nos


tymor

tymhorau (plural)
tymor
dymor (soft)
nhymor
thymor

From Middle Welsh tymhor, from Latin tempus, tempor- (“time”).

term (period of time, period of an academic year)


blwydd

blwyddi (plural)
blwydd
flwydd (soft)
mlwydd

From Middle Welsh blwyð, from Proto-Brythonic *bluɨð, from Proto-Celtic *bleidū (“year”), related to *bleidanī (the source of blwyddyn and Old Irish blíadain), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyd- (“pale”), though the semantic connection is weak. See also Lithuanian blai̇̃vas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-West Germanic *blait, Albanian blehurë.
Celtic cognates include Cornish bloodh, Breton bloaz; Old Breton blened, Welsh blynedd.

cog

Mae e'n flwydd

Bydd hi'n wyth mlwydd oed yfory.


dwywaith

/ˈdʊɨ̯wai̯θ/


unwaith

(used at the beginnings of fairytales) once upon a time


wedi

A later form of gwedi, from Old Welsh guetig, guotig, from Proto-Brythonic *wo-tig- (“in or after the end”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting, prick”). Compare Breton goude.

der

chwarter wedi naw

hanner awr ’di un


oed

From Middle Welsh oet, from Old Welsh oit, from Proto-Brythonic *oɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aitom. Cognate with Breton oad, Cornish ooj, oos.

Faint ydy ei oed o?

Mae o'n dri deg dwy oed.


eleni

Cognate with Cornish hevleni. From a compound of Proto-Celtic *so (“this”) and *bleidanī (“year”). (Compare heddiw, from *so and *dīyos (“day”).)


trannoeth

From tra- + an inflection of Proto-Celtic *noxt- (“night”), whence Welsh nos. Compare also heno (“tonight”) < Middle Welsh henoeth.


trennydd

Related to tra- (“across”) + dydd (“day”).


diwrnod

diwrnodau (plural)
diwrnod
ddiwrnod (soft)
niwrnod

From Middle Welsh diwarnawt, borrowed from Vulgar Latin or Medieval Latin diurnāta (“a day’s work, a day’s journey, a fixed day, a day”), from Latin diurnus (“daily”), from diēs (“day”). Doublet of siwrnai.


neithiwr

Earlier neithiwyr, from Proto-Celtic *noxt-yēr-, a derivative of *noxs (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Breton neizheur and Cornish nyhewer.


cyfnod

cyfnodau (plural)
cyfnod
gyfnod (soft)
nghyfnod
chyfnod


cynnyrch

cynhyrchion (plural)
cynnyrch
gynnyrch (soft)
nghynnyrch
chynnyrch

cynhyrchu

to bring forth (fruit, seed, etc.), yield or grow crop (of), supply, furnish; to cause (to happen), effect, bring into existence, make, manufacture (goods, etc.); to be the author of, compose; to bring forward, present to view or notice, offer for inspection or consideration; to produce (play, etc.); to proceed, emanate; to present, offer; to represent; to grow, increase; to cause to increase; to quicken, inspire


cyfddydd

cyfddyddiau (plural)
cyfddydd
gyfddydd (soft)
nghyfddydd
chyfddydd


pymthegnos

pymthegnosau (plural)
pymthegnos
bymthegnos (soft)
mhymthegnos
phymthegnos

/pəmˈθɛɡnɔs/

(archaizing) alternative form of pythefnos


pythefnos

pythefnosau (plural)
pythefnos
bythefnos (soft)
mhythefnos
phythefnos
pumthefnos (alternative obsolete)
pymthegnos (alternative obsolete)
pumpthegnos (alternative obsolete)
pymthengnos (alternative obsolete)
pysewnoth (alternative obsolete)
pysownoth (alternative obsolete)

From Middle Welsh petheunos, from Proto-Brythonic *pɨmθeβ̃noɨθ (with loss of /m/ by dissimilation from /β̃/ and with attraction to nos (“night”)), from Proto-Celtic *kʷinkʷe-de(k)m noxtes (literally “fifteen nights”).

inh

*pɨmθeβ̃noɨθ


cyhydnos

cyhydnosau (plural)
cyhydnos
gyhydnos (soft)
nghyhydnos
chyhydnos

cyhyd (“of equal length”) + nos (“night”). Calque of Latin aequinoctium.


chwinciad

cy-noun

chwinciad m (plural chwinciadau, not mutable)


misol

cy-adj

misol (feminine singular misol, plural misol, not comparable)

misol (feminine singular)
misol (plural)


blynedd

From Middle Welsh blyneð, originally a plural, from Proto-Brythonic *blɨneð, earlier *blɨðneð, with syncope of -a- and pretonic shortening of -ē- to -ɨ-, from Proto-Celtic *bleidaniyās, nominative plural of *bleidanī (whence blwyddyn).


eiliad

cy-noun

eiliad m or f (plural eiliadau or eiliaid)

eiliadau (plural)
eiliaid (plural)
eiliad
heiliad (prothesis-h)


echdoe

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


echdoe

echdoe
hechdoe (prothesis-h)
echddoe (alternative)


echnos

the night before last
the night before last

the day before yesterday
the day before yesterday

the night before last, the evening of the day before yesterday


llynedd

From Middle Welsh yrllyned. Seemingly formed as a derivative of blwyddyn / blynedd (“year”) with some prefix, though the details are unclear. Compare eleni (“this year”), and Breton warlene (“last year”).

ellynedd (alternative)
erllynedd (alternative)
yllynedd (alternative)
yrllynedd (alternative)


byth bythoedd

O oes i oes ac am byth bythoedd.


yn oes oesoedd

Calque of Latin in saecula saeculorum (literally “in ages of ages”), a phrase found in the Latin Vulgate.

calque

yn yr oes oesoedd (alternative)
yn oes oesau (alternative)


ysbaid

cy-noun

ysbaid m (plural ysbeidiau, diminutive ysbeidyn)

ysbeidiau (plural)
ysbeidyn (diminutive)
ysbaid
hysbaid (prothesis-h)


undydd a blwyddyn

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð a ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

/ˌɪndɪð a ˈblʊi̯ðɪn/


undydd a blwyddyn

undydd a blwyddyn
hundydd a blwyddyn (prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð a ˈblʊɨ̯ðɨ̞n/

/ˌɪndɪð a ˈblʊi̯ðɪn/


yr undydd

/əˈrɨ̞ndɨ̞ð/


undydd unnos

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð ˈɨ̞nɔs/

/ˌɪndɪð ˈɪnɔs/


undydd unnos

undydd unnos
hundydd unnos (prothesis-h)

/ˌɨ̞ndɨ̞ð ˈɨ̞nɔs/

/ˌɪndɪð ˈɪnɔs/


unnos

cy-adj

unnos (feminine singular unnos, plural unnos, not comparable)

unnos (feminine singular)
unnos (plural)
unnos
hunnos (prothesis-h)

tŷ unnos

house or hut built in one night on common land by a squatter


deufisol

deufisol (feminine singular deufisol, plural deufisol, not comparable)

deufisol (feminine singular)
deufisol (plural)

deu- (“bi-, two-”) + misol (“monthly”) or deufis (“period of two months”) + -ol.


tridiau

tridiau
dridiau (soft)
nhridiau
thridiau


yn hwyr neu'n hwyrach

(set phrase) sooner or later, eventually


hoedl

hoedlau (plural)
hoedl
hoeddl (alternative)

From Middle Welsh hoedyl, from Proto-Brythonic *hoɨdl (“life, age”), from Proto-Celtic *saitlom, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifespan, lifetime”).