bayad

From Proto-Philippine *bayaD, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD.


an

From Proto-Central Philippine *aŋ. Cognate with Cebuano ang, Hiligaynon ang, Tagalog ang, Bikol Central an.
Further etymology is debated; some have theorized a relationship to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a (“direct marker”), from Proto-Austronesian *a (“direct marker”) with the addition of an unclear nasal suffix. Compare Kapampangan ing.

cog

Midalagan an lalaki paingon ha baybayon.

Gikaon han iring an isda.

direct marker for all general nouns other than personal proper nouns


anak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


ilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ilu.


asin

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qasiN.


lima

From Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


sumpit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.


walo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walu, from Proto-Austronesian *walu.


siyam

From Proto-Philippine *siyám, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.


pito

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


adlaw

From Proto-Bisayan *qadlaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


multa

fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ.


yarda

Borrowed from Spanish yarda (“yard”), from English yard.


papel

Ano an imong papel ha akong kinabuhi?

papeles


uran

From Proto-Philippine *qudán (“rain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan (“rain”), from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN (“rain”).


sili

Borrowed from Spanish chile, from Classical Nahuatl chilli.


usa

From Proto-Bisayan *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Central Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa.


mata

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


lato

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *latuq.

edible alga growing in rocky and sandy beaches


mago

Carlito syrichta
Carlito syrichta#Translingual


uma

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quma.


Garcia

Borrowed from Spanish García, possibly of Basque origin.


hiya

head

hiya (third person personal pronoun, objective and nominative case, common gender)


hadi

Waray umupod hi inay ha aton han hadi.


hadi

Lumingkod an hadi kay ginkakapoy hiya.

The king sat down because he was getting tired.


buta

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buta, from Proto-Austronesian *buCa.


utan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutan, from Proto-Austronesian *quCaN.


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).


duha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


ulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu, from Proto-Austronesian *quluh.


baboy

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy.


langit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.


pinggan

From Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”).


layag

From Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


sakit

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit.


puto

Possibly from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “a Tamil dish”).


tubig

From Proto-Bisayan *tubig, from Proto-Central Philippine *tubig, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *tubig.


kuto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.


saka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay, compare Tetum sa'e.


sugo

regulation; rule; ordinance; directive; degree


nati

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nati, from Proto-Austronesian [Term?]. Compare Cebuano nati, Maranao nati.


pasas

Borrowed from Spanish pasas (“raisins”).


alho

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalu. Compare Malay alu-alu, Chamorro ålu.


bukid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, from Proto-Austronesian *bukij (compare Fijian buke (“hill”), Hiligaynon bukid, Indonesian bukit (“hill”), Malay bukit (“hill”), Maori puke (“hill”)).


dagat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


bado

Borrowed from Malay baju (cf. Tagalog baro), ultimately from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


tulo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.


sulo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suluq.


dugo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“juice; sap”).


kabayo

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


kutsara

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


kamo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamu


gunting

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010-2020).


hangin

From Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


piyano

Borrowed from Spanish piano (“piano”), from Italian piano, from Latin plānus.


balay

From Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


sando

sleeveless undershirt; tank top; wifebeater; singlet; vest


apdo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapejux.


atay

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


babaye

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi.


bagyo

From Proto-Austronesian *baʀiuS (“typhoon”).


bag-o

From Proto-Bisayan *bagqu, from Proto-Central Philippine *baqgu, from Proto-Philippine *baqʀu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)baqəʀuh.


halaba

From ha- + laba, akin to Maranao malaba'.


bayaw

part of the Mass when the Host is consecrated by a priest


halaga

From Malay harga (“price”), from Sanskrit अर्घ (argha, “price”).


dagami

From Proto-Philippine *daʀami (“rice straw”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami.


dalan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.


elepante

[ʔɛl̪ɛˈpan̪t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish elefante (“elephant”).


espeho

Borrowed from Spanish espejo, from Vulgar Latin speclum, from Latin speculum.


gab-i

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *Rabiqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Rabiqi.


gapas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapas.


sanga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *ʃaŋa.


ayam

From Proto-Philippine *qayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.


Satanas

Borrowed from Spanish Satanás, from Ancient Greek Σατανᾶς (Satanâs), from Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān, “adversary, accuser”).


nipa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipaq (“swamp palm”).


anit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC (“skin”).


sibuyas

Borrowed from Spanish cebollas, plural of cebolla.


Castillo

Borrowed from Spanish Castillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Castillo


sapatos

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”).


lumot

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


talinga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa.


upat

From Proto-Philippine *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


ulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qelaŋ.

inh+

obstacle; obstruction; impediment; hindrance


kidlat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


kamatis

Borrowed from Spanish tomate (“tomato”), from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.


repolyo

Borrowed from Spanish repollo (“cabbage”).


sayaw

From Proto-Philippine *sayaw (“to make movements”).


sangkay

Damo it akon sangkay ha Syudad han Tacloban.


utok

From Proto-Philippine, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək, *qutak.


nanay

From Philippine Spanish nana (“mommy”) + -ay (“female diminutive suffix”).


balinghoy

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual


uring

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qujiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qujiŋ.


itik

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *itik.


uhaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quhaw, from Proto-Austronesian *quSaw.


sabon

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jabón, from Old Spanish xabon.


kusina

Borrowed from Spanish cocina (“kitchen”).


Cardenas

Cárdenas (canonical)
Cardenas (canonical)

From Spanish Cárdenas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Northern Samar


luparan

Luparan Daniel Z. Romualdez


utot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qətut, from Proto-Austronesian *qətut.


kanding

From Proto-Philippine *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, *kandiŋ.


sangkap

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saŋkap.


dako

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl (“big, large (in size or quantity)”),https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_d.htm#7025 with the "l" being dropped. Compare Yami rako, Ilocano dakkel, Pangasinan dakel, Kankanaey dakdakë, Dupaningan Agta dakal, Ibaloi shakel, Isnag dakkal, Kapampangan dakal, Kapampangan dagul, Bikol Central dakol, Tagalog laki, Hiligaynon daku, Agusan Manobo dakey, Cebuano dako, and Maranao dakel.


tawo

From Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


tabili

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual


lawas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawas.


liog

From Proto-Philippine *liqəʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ. Cognate with Tagalog leeg, Indonesian leher and Malay leher.


inahan

Coordinate term: amahan


amahan

Coordinate term: inahan


tuhod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


sudlay

Compare Cebuano sudlay, Bikol Central sukray and Tagalog suklay.


linog

From Proto-Bisayan *linug, from Proto-Philippine *linuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *linuʀ.


luha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luheq, from Proto-Austronesian *luSeq. Cognate with Paiwan ruseq.


limonsito

Borrowed from Spanish limoncito, diminutive of limón. Compare Bikol Central lemonsito and Cebuano limonsito.

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

calamondin (Citrus × microcarpa, syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis)


sip-on

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sip(ə)qun.


bitok

From Proto-Bisayan *bituk, from Proto-Central Philippine *bituk, from Proto-Philippine *bituk.


lungon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luŋun.


ulod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulej, compare Tagalog uod, Chamorro ulo', Javanese uler, Maori iro, Malay ulat.


lawod

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


hantak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hametak.


pampam

Possibly from English pan-pan (“post-WWII Japanese prostitute catering to American soldiers”), from Japanese パンパン (panpan) as per Potet (2016), an ellipsis of パンパンガール (panpangāru), possibly from English pompom girl as a WW2 American military slang. Stephen Trussel claims it was derived from Proto-Philippine *pampám (“prostitute”), but he also noted it was possibly a loan distribution with an unclear source. See also Japanese ぱんぱん and English pum-pum.


baktin

From Proto-Bisayan *baktin, from Proto-Central Philippine *baktin, from Proto-Philippine *bakətin.


sabaw

From Proto-Philippine *sabaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa(m)baw.


sakay

act of riding on, taking a ride, or boarding a vehicle or the like


kampana

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish campana.


paminta

Borrowed from Spanish pimienta, from Old Spanish pimienta, from pimiento (“pepper plant”), from Latin pigmentum (“color, pigment”).

Black pepper; the dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.


anghit

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaŋəhiC or Proto-Austronesian *qaŋəSit.


palanggana

Borrowed from Spanish palangana (“bowl, vat”).


bakya

Borrowed from Hokkien 木屐 (ba̍k-kiah, “wooden clogs”).


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).


tiyan

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN.


waray

From Proto-Bisayan *waday, from *wadaq + *-y, from Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada. Cognate with Cebuano walay.


panday

Borrowed from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “learned; wise”).


unom

From Proto-Philippine *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


salog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saluʀ


salog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saləʀ


utin

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutin, from Proto-Austronesian *qutiN.


tarong

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

the fruit of this plant; aubergine; eggplant


biyolin

From Spanish violín (“violin”), from Italian violino, diminutive form of viola with diminutive suffix -ino.


napulo

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq. Cognates with Tagalog sampu, Ilocano pullo, Aklanon púeo. Related to Indonesian puluh, Malay puluh, Hawaiian hulu, Malagasy folo, Maori huru, Minangkabau puluah, South Marquesan hu'u.


sipres

Borrowed from Spanish ciprés (“cypress”).


uhay

stem or spike of grains as of rice; rice stalk


salag

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaR.

home or shelter of animals (as of birds' nest)


paraw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀaqu. Compare Central Dusun padau, Malay perahu, Maori wharau and Tongan folau.


Tamayo

From Spanish Tamayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish mostly found in Leyte and Northern Samar


Tolentino

From Spanish, after St. Nicholas of Tolentino (San Nicolás de Tolentino), from Tolentino in Italy.


Pastrana

A municipality of Leyte, Philippines, named after the town in Spain.


Acebedo

From Spanish Acebedo, spelling variant of Acevedo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Kroasya

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


sulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *selaŋ.


tatang

From Philippine Spanish tata (“daddy”) + -ng (“diminutive suffix”).


tul-an

From Proto-Bisayan *tulqan, from Proto-Central Philippine *tuqlan, from Proto-Philippine *tuqlan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqəlan, from Proto-Austronesian *CuqəlaN.


ihayop

Ultimately from Proto-Philippine *háyup.


lantap

scum; thin layer that floats on surface of liquid


lindong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linduŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *liduŋ.


lubog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lebuR.


Llorente

Borrowed from Spanish Llorente, from Latin Laurentius.


Llorente

A municipality of Eastern Samar, Philippines.


yapi

flattened; compressed or flattened by pressure


yatik

(colloquial) naughty; disobedient; stubborn


apot

pressed for time; short of time allowance


banak

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual


banog

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *banuʀ (“hawk; eagle”).


udog

expression of pity or sympathy to someone


natad

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *natad, from Proto-Austronesian *NataD.


kikilat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC.


niyan

a moment later; later on; afterwards; after a short while


tikoy

Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year#English

nian gao (a Chinese New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)


takilya

Borrowed from Spanish taquilla (“box office”).


sayod

act of seeing or witnessing what really is going on


irong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, *ujuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *mujiŋ.


lagadi

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


harok

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajek (“smell, sniff, kiss”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sajek (“smell”).


yupyopan

rubber cap or mouthpiece of baby's bottle


kulop

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kelep.


dela Cruz

From Spanish de la Cruz, a reference to the Holy Cross.


Romualdez

Romualdo (“Romuald”) + -ez (patronymic suffix). (Though of patronymic origin, it only exists in the Philippines and not in the Hispanic world)

Romualdez family from Leyte, the family on the maternal side of Imelda Marcos

a surname from Spanish, mostly associated with the:


Mabansag

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Cabanatan

a surname, mostly concentrated in Eastern Samar


salikway

act of disowning a child by one's parent or vice-versa


salikway

disowned as a child by one's parent or vice-versa


sebada

Borrowed from Spanish cebada (“barley”).


salbabida

Borrowed from Spanish salvavidas (“life preserver”).


Manaog

From manaog. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Waray-Waray, common in Northern Samar


higda

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hidəʀáq through metathesis.


bulakbol

Borrowed from Tagalog bulakbol, from English blackball.


de Guia

Borrowed from Spanish de Guía. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


kalim-an

From lima + ka- -an, literally “fifth group (of ten)”


siyahan

one (person or object) who is in the first position or place


Mabilangan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname, most concentrated in Samar province


Mercader

From Catalan Mercader. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Catalan, common in Samar and Northern Samar


arsobispo

Borrowed from Spanish arzobispo (“archbishop”).


kulod

Dermochelys coriacea
Dermochelys coriacea#Translingual

the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)


kap-atan

From upat + ka- -an, literally “sixth group (of ten)”


katluan

From tulo + ka- -an, literally “sixth group (of ten)”.


kuying

Possible cognate of Bicol Central and Tagalog kuting.


sinturon

Borrowed from Spanish cinturón (“belt”).


karabaw

Ultimately from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Asi karabaw, Bikol Central karabaw, Hiligaynon karabaw, Tagalog kalabaw, Cebuano kabaw, Tausug kabaw, Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Indonesian kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ).


Tacloban

From earlier Tarakluban (“place of the taklub”).

Tacloban (a city, the provincial capital of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)


labog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(m)bug (“to throw out”).
Akin to Higaonon lambug.


hamtik

Compare Bikol Central hantik, Cebuano hantik, and Tagalog hantik.


hin-o

Compare Brooke's Point Palawano sinu, Ilocano, Yami, and Tagalog sino.


haromigas

Borrowed from Spanish hormiga, hormigas.


Afable

Borrowed from Spanish afable. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, common in Eastern Samar


Macabenta

a surname, common in Samar and Leyte provinces


entonses

Borrowed from Spanish entonces (“then; therefore; thus”), from Old Spanish entonce, entonces, from Latin in + *tunce, the latter an archaic form of tunc (“then”).


katurog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-tuduʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.


ruwang

Compare Indonesian ruang and Malay ruang.


singba

Borrowed from Malay sembah. Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano & Tagalog simba.

to go to church, to attend church services


Guiuan

Guiuan (a municipality of Eastern Samar, Philippines)


Borongan

Borongan (a city, the provincial capital of Eastern Samar, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)


Brozas

Borrowed from Spanish broza, brozas (“brushwood”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Compare Tagalog Brosas, from the same Spanish source, but respelled due to seseo.

bor+

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the common noun], common in Eastern Samar


karuhaan

From duha + ka- -an, literally “sixth group (of ten)”


kaunman

unom + ka- -an, literally “sixth group (of ten)”


kawaluan

From walo + ka- -an, literally “eighth group (of ten)”


kapituan

From pito + ka- -an, literally “seventh group (of ten)”