khiên

Borrowed from Tai (compare Thai เขน (kěen, “round shield”)) or Eastern Cham khil / khél (“shield”), both from Khmer ខែល (khael, “shield”).


giật

head

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

vi-verb

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

抶 (CJK)
迭 (CJK)
秩 (CJK)
帙 (CJK)
𪮞 (CJK)
逸 (CJK)

to abruptly move away and then back to the original position; to jerk


di chứng

[zi˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[jɪj˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[jɪj˧˧ cɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遺 (“to be left behind”) and 症 (“symptom”).

vi-etym-sino

(medicine) sequela; complication (of a disease)


tù nhân

[tu˨˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tʊw˦˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʊw˨˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]


ngớ ngẩn

[ŋəː˧˦ ŋən˧˩]

[ŋəː˨˩˦ ŋəŋ˧˨]

[ŋəː˦˥ ŋəŋ˨˩˦]

stupid; silly; foolish; out of one's senses


thạc sĩ

[tʰaːk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

master's degree, or one with a master's degree


ban đêm

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]


hệ trọng

[he˧˨ʔ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[hej˨˩ʔ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[hej˨˩ʔ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hej˨˩˨ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 係 (“to relate to”) and 重 (“heavy; important”).


bàn phím

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ fim˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ fim˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ fim˦˥]


rượu bia

[ziəw˧˨ʔ ʔɓiə˧˧]

[ʐɨəw˨˩ʔ ʔɓiə˧˧]

[ɹɨəw˨˩˨ ʔɓiə˧˧]

rượu (“non-beer alcohol”) + bia (“beer”).


ác ý

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ʔi˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ ʔɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ác ý.wav


ước tính

[ʔɨək̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɨək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɨək̚˦˥ tɨn˦˥]


dầu mỏ

[zəw˨˩ mɔ˧˩]

[jəw˦˩ mɔ˧˨]

[jəw˨˩ mɔ˨˩˦]


hôn nhân

[hon˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[hoŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[hoŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

tiến tới hôn nhân

to enter into marriage (after a period of dating)

Hôn nhân là nấm mồ của tình yêu.


thái bình

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


phát lộ

[faːt̚˧˦ lo˧˨ʔ]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ low˨˩ʔ]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發 (“to occur; to arise”) and 露 (“to reveal”).


nhân loại

[ɲən˧˧ lwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ lwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]


dịch thuật

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 譯術, composed of 譯 (“to translate”) and 術 (“skill”).


qua đời

[kwaː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[kwaː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[waː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩]


hành trình

[hajŋ̟˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[hɛɲ˦˩ ʈɨn˦˩]

[han˨˩ ʈɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行程 (“distance traveled”).


hợp kim

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ kim˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ kim˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ kim˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hợp kim.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合金, composed of 合 (“composite”) and 金 (“metal”).


dễ dàng

[ze˦ˀ˥ zaːŋ˨˩]

[jej˨˩˦ jaːŋ˨˩]


chất vấn

[t͡ɕət̚˧˦ vən˧˦]

[t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[cək̚˦˥ vəŋ˦˥]

[cək̚˦˥ jəŋ˦˥]

(usually politics, especially in a legislative body) to question; to interrogate; to grill


nghĩa vụ

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ vu˧˨ʔ]

[ŋiə˧˨ vʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ vʊw˨˩˨]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ jʊw˨˩˨]

nghĩa vụ quân sự
nghĩa vụ quân sự#Vietnamese

(colloquial) Short for nghĩa vụ quân sự (“military service”).


bệnh tật

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ tət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ tək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ tək̚˨˩˨]

(collective, pathology) diseases; illnesses


tật bệnh

[tət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[tək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓen˨˩ʔ]

[tək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓəːn˨˩˨]

(Central Vietnam) Tật bệnh chi/gì mà mi/mày lại...?

Why the hell/Why in the world would you...?


phím

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 品 (“fret”, SV: phẩm). Doublet of phẩm.
For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also tim, kịp, kín, nhịn.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phẩm</i>

vi-etym-sino

(by extension, music, of a keyboard instrument) a key

Để gặp điện thoại viên, vui lòng bấm phím 1.

To forward to an operator, please press 1.

bàn phím

(by extension, telephony, computer hardware) a key


thủ tiêu

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tiw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 取消, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 取り消す (torikesu).


bình đẳng

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗaŋ˨˩˦]


bình đẳng

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗaŋ˨˩˦]

bình đẳng giới

tự do, bình đẳng, bác ái


phó mát

[fɔ˧˦ maːt̚˧˦]

[fɔ˨˩˦ maːk̚˦˧˥]

[fɔ˦˥ maːk̚˦˥]


thỉnh cầu

[tʰïŋ˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[tʰɨn˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[tʰɨn˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]

(uncommon) to entreat; to solicit; to request


thỉnh cầu

[tʰïŋ˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[tʰɨn˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[tʰɨn˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]


thất nghiệp

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


thất nghiệp

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


thất nghiệp

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


trầm cảm

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ kaːm˧˩]

[ʈəm˦˩ kaːm˧˨]

[ʈəm˨˩ kaːm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 沉 (“to sink”) and 感 (“feeling; emotion”).


nện

head

搌, 攮, 𪤍, 󰉈, 𢬧, 𢵫

vi-verb

搌, 攮, 𪤍, 󰉈, 𢬧, 𢵫

(colloquial, somewhat vulgar) to bang; to have sex; to fuck


ra đa

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]


xa-phia

[saː˧˧ fiə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ fiə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ fiə˧˧]


sâm banh

[səm˧˧ ʔɓajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-sâm banh.wav


giọt

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟu(t) ~ *ɟuə(t) (“to fall; to drip”). Cognate with Thavung tajɔːt, Khmu [Cuang] kmɟɔːt ("drop"), Semai jot (“to drip”).


giọt

to pound; to flatten (with a hammer, pestle, etc.)

(colloquial) to beat; to thrash; to drub


giáp

Alternative letter-case form of Giáp (“the first Heavenly Stem”)

(historical) sub-hamlet (division of a village consisting of about ten households in ancient times)

(medicine) Short for tuyến giáp (“thyroid”).


giáp

to be contiguous to; to be close to; to be adjacent to; to be bordering


dung môi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 溶媒, composed of 溶 (“to dissolve”) and 媒 (“medium”), from Japanese 溶媒 (yōbai).


đăng ten

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tɛn˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧]


nguyên tắc

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原則, composed of 原 (“original”) and 則 (“norm”), Japanese 原則 (gensoku).


rông

(usually of animals, including livestocks) be controlless, be out of control


tuyển cử

[twiəŋ˧˨ kɨ˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ kɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tuyển cử.wav

cuộc tuyển cử


ni lông

[ni˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

túi/bao ni lông

(by extension) Any thin plastic, such as polyethylene packaging


thừa nhận

[tʰɨə˨˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨə˦˩ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨə˨˩ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thừa nhận.wav

to recognise (one's shortcomings, faults, etc.)


gương mặt

[ɣɨəŋ˧˧ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɨəŋ˧˧ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣɨəŋ˧˧ mak̚˨˩˨]


bút pháp

[ʔɓut̚˧˦ faːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥ faːp̚˦˥]


âm lịch

[ʔəm˧˧ lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɨt̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm lịch.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰曆, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 曆 (“calendar”), from Chinese 陰曆／阴历 (yīnlì), from 太陰曆／太阴历 (thái âm lịch), from 太陰／太阴 (thái âm, “moon”, literally “great yin”).

Tết âm lịch


hiệu suất

[hiəw˧˨ʔ swət̚˧˦]

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʂwək̚˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩ʔ swək̚˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

[hiw˨˩˨ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]


phê phán

[fej˧˧ faːŋ˦˧˥]


tiêu chuẩn

[tiəw˧˧ t͡ɕwən˧˩]

[tiw˧˧ t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨]

[tiw˧˧ c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦]

nhiệt độ tiêu chuẩn


tập kích

[təp̚˧˨ʔ kïk̟̚˧˦]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ kɨt̚˦˧˥]

[təp̚˨˩˨ kɨt̚˦˥]


thầu dầu

[tʰəw˨˩ zəw˨˩]

[tʰəw˦˩ jəw˦˩]

[tʰəw˨˩ jəw˨˩]

Compare Tho [Cuối Chăm] tʌw² tʌw².
The second syllable is likely the same as dầu (“oil, Dipterocarpus spp.”). The first syllable might be the aspirated variant of the same morpheme.

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual

castor oil plant; castor bean (Ricinus communis)


hiệp định

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[hip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


loài người

[lwaːj˨˩ ŋɨəj˨˩]

[lwaːj˦˩ ŋɨj˦˩]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩ ŋɨj˨˩]


gặt

From Proto-Vietic *-kac. Related to cắt (“to cut”).

mùa gặt


trái tim

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ tim˧˧]

trái (classifier) + tim (“heart”).
The form lái tim is also attested, for example, in Địa cầu vạn vật luận (1920), and in the name nhà thờ Lái Tim (the Church of [Jesus'] Heart) in Nam Định province, now usually called nhà thờ Trái Tim.


ngôn từ

[ŋon˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]


diệt vong

[ziət̚˧˨ʔ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩ʔ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩ʔ vɔŋ˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ jawŋ͡m˧˧]


bèo tây

[ʔɓɛw˨˩ təj˧˧]

[ʔɓɛw˦˩ təj˧˧]

[ʔɓɛw˨˩ təj˧˧]

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) water hyacinth


bão táp

[ʔɓaːw˦ˀ˥ taːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ taːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːp̚˦˥]

Hypercorrected from earlier bão tát, attested in dictionaries like the Dictionarium latino-anamiticum (1838) and Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895), likely under the contamination of táp.

violent storm; typhoon; tornado; hurricane


bình luận

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


ma quỷ

[maː˧˧ wɪj˨˩˦]


ý chí

[ʔi˧˦ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɪj˨˩˦ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɪj˦˥ cɪj˦˥]

Ý chí chiến đấu của người dân địa phương là vấn đề.

The will of the local people to fight is the problem.

will; volition; determination; willpower


nhiên liệu

[ɲiən˧˧ liəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 燃料, composed of 燃 (“to burn”) and 料 (“material”).


bằng hữu

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ hiw˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaŋ˦˩ hɨw˧˨]

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ hɨw˨˩˦]


bán buôn

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ ʔɓuən˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓuəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɓuəŋ˧˧]


chức vụ

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦ vu˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥ vʊw˨˩ʔ]

[cɨk̚˦˥ vʊw˨˩˨]

[cɨk̚˦˥ jʊw˨˩˨]

function (of one's office); duty and power; responsibility


đá vôi

[ʔɗaː˧˦ voj˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˨˩˦ voj˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ voj˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ joj˧˧]


nội dung

[noj˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[noj˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[noj˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Nội dung cuốn sách này cứ gọi là rỗng tuếch.

The content of this book was just so dumb/pointless.


có ích

[kɔ˧˦ ʔïk̟̚˧˦]

[kɔ˨˩˦ ʔɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kɔ˦˥ ʔɨt̚˦˥]


bòn

to save (every bit of); to glean; to collect (bit by bit); to lay up

to squeeze (money out of someone); to scrape


bình nguyên

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ŋwiən˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]


lục bình

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
bông (classifier)

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綠 (“green”) and 萍 (“duckweed”).


súng ngắn

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˦ ŋan˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ŋaŋ˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ŋaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ŋaŋ˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ŋaŋ˦˥]


trạng thái

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˨ʔ tʰaːj˧˦]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰaːj˦˥]


đại chúng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˦˥]


đại chúng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˦˥]


mai táng

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˧˦]

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˦˥]


ấu trĩ

[ʔəw˧˦ t͡ɕi˦ˀ˥]

[ʔəw˨˩˦ ʈɪj˧˨]

[ʔəw˦˥ ʈɪj˨˩˦]

(disapproving) childish; infantile; immature


lăng tẩm

[laŋ˧˧ təm˧˩]

[laŋ˧˧ təm˧˨]

[laŋ˧˧ təm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陵寢, composed of 陵 (“mound; mausoleum”) and 寢 (“to rest; imperial tomb”).


thiên tài

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ taːj˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ taːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天才, composed of 天 (“heavenly”) and 才 (“talent”).

a genius (someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill)


lợi dụng

[ləːj˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


ngắt

ngắt lá

ngắt máy

ngắt kết nối


ngắt

head

𡴯, 𠖯, 汔, 乙, 𢪰

vi-adv

𡴯, 𠖯, 汔, 乙, 𢪰


tài chính

[taːj˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[taːj˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]


ấn tượng

[ʔən˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəŋ˦˧˥ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəŋ˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 印象, composed of 印 (“to imprint; to press”) and 象 (“imagery; form; state”), Japanese 印象 (inshō), Middle Chinese 印象 (“reflection”).


ấn tượng

[ʔən˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəŋ˦˧˥ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəŋ˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]


cấm chỉ

[kəm˧˦ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[kəm˦˧˥ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[kəm˦˥ cɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禁止 (“to prohibit”).

(formal, uncommon) to strictly prohibit; to ban; to forbid


bánh lái

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ laːj˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ laːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓan˦˥ laːj˦˥]


kình ngư

[kïŋ˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˦˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

(swimming, figurative) top-notch swimmer


thốt nốt

[tʰok̚˦˧˥ nok̚˦˧˥]

Shorto (2006) traces Vietnamese reflex back to Proto-Mon-Khmer *tn(oo)t ~ tnu(u)t (“sugar palm”), though he proposes that Vietnamese is not inherited but may have been loaned from Khmu, by comparing thốt with Thin Khmu [script needed] (tŭt) & Yuan Khmu [script needed] (tu:t, “plant, tree, trunk, stem”). Other cognates are Khmer ត្នោត (tnaot), and Central Mnong tɒ:m no:t.
The cluster-breaking mechanism, responsible for doublets like thằn lằn "(lizard") and trăn ("python") (< *k-lən < *tlan (“python”)) might also have broken thốt nốt's proto-form's *tn- cluster as well.


sứ mệnh

[sɨ˧˦ məjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ men˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˨˩˦ men˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˦˥ məːn˨˩˨]

[sɨ˦˥ məːn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 使命, composed of 使 (“envoy”) and 命 (“order”).

vi-etym-sino

sứ mệnh/mạng lịch sử

sứ mệnh giải phóng dân tộc

tuyên bố sứ mệnh

Sứ mệnh của Tập đoàn ABC là giúp khách hàng tận hưởng những trải nghiệm tối ưu của ngành lữ hành.

The ABC Group's mission is to ensure that our customers enjoy the best experience in travel.

a lofty, broadly defined mission that a nation, community or corporation claims to be fulfilling or aspiring to fulfil


cao cấp

[kaːw˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[kaːw˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[kaːw˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高級, composed of 高 (“high”) and 級 (“rank; level”).

(of people's ranking within an organization) high-ranking; senior

(of technology, education, proficiency, skill, etc.) advanced


xà

Short for xà đơn (“horizontal bar”), xà kép (“parallel bars”) or xà lệch (“uneven bars”).


hạt tiêu

[haːt̚˧˨ʔ tiəw˧˧]


luật sư

[lwət̚˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[lwək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˧˧]

[lwək̚˨˩ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 律師, composed of 律 (“law; code”) and 師 (“master”).


ngón chân

[ŋɔn˧˦ t͡ɕən˧˧]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ cəŋ˧˧]


sáng tạo

[saːŋ˧˦ taːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]


sáng tạo

[saːŋ˧˦ taːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]


tu viện

[tʊw˧˧ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʊw˧˧ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[tʊw˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 修院, composed of 修 (“to practise religious doctrine”) and 院 (“yard; place”).


vôi

From Proto-Vietic *k-puːr (“lime”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *knpur (“lime”), of Austronesian origin. Cognate with Muong pôl, Khmer កំបោរ (kɑmbao), Mon ဂပဵု (həpɒ). Compare Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ, whence also Malay kapur.


obitan

[ʔɔ˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ taːn˧˧]

[ʔɔ˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]


nơtron

[nəː˧˧ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nəː˧˧ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nəː˧˧ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]


prôton

[pɹo˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[pɹow˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[pɹow˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]


chơi điện tử

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[cəːj˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Clipping of trò chơi điện tử (“video game”)


ti vi

[tɪj˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


ngoại giao

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ zaːw˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ jaːw˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ jaːw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外交, composed of 外 (“outside”) and 交 (“to exchange”), from Japanese 外交 (gaikō), either clipped from earlier 外国交際 (gaikoku kōsai, ngoại quốc giao tế, literally “intercourse with foreign countries”), a Meiji-era coinage, or merely repurposed from Literary Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo). Literary Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo) meant something to the effect of "international relations," rather than the purposeful management of such relations that constitutes "diplomacy" conveyed by Japanese 外交.
The "foreign affairs" sense was borrowed from Chinese 外交 (wàijiāo), as in 外交部 (Ngoại giao bộ, “Ministry of Foreign Affairs”). The Japanese government uses Japanese 外務 (gaimu), as in 外務省 (Gaimushō), and its Vietnamese cognate, ngoại vụ, is used for provincial Sở Ngoại vụ (“Departments of Foreign Affairs”) subordinate to Bộ Ngoại giao (“the Ministry of Foreign Affairs”). Compare South Korean 외교부 (Oegyobu).
See also quốc tế.

vi-etym-sino

nhà ngoại giao

Đừng có ở nhà suốt ngày vậy. Phải tập ngoại giao cho quen đi.
"Ngoại giao" cái con khỉ ! Đi ăn tiệc sinh nhật mà ngoại giao cái nỗi gì !
Don't shut yourself in all the time. You gotta learn to be diplomatic.
"Diplomatic" my ass! What does going to someone's birthday party have to do with diplomacy!

Coordinate term: ngoại vụ

Bộ Ngoại giao

(of a central ministry or ministry-level department) foreign affairs


chính quyền

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ kwiən˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[cɨn˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 政權, composed of 政 (“government”) and 權 (“authority”).

chính quyền tỉnh

Chính quyền địa phương

Chính quyền liên bang Hoa Kỳ

a non-national (municipal, provincial, prefectural, state, etc.) government

vi:Chính quyền liên bang Hoa Kỳ
vi:Chính quyền địa phương


mã tà

[maː˦ˀ˥ taː˨˩]

[maː˧˨ taː˦˩]

[maː˨˩˦ taː˨˩]

Unknown. Perhaps from Malay mata(-mata) (“police”) or from French matraque. Compare Min Nan 馬打／马打 (má-tâ), Thai หมาต๋า (mǎa-dtǎa).

(Southern Vietnam, historical) policeman during the French colonial period


半自動

chữ Hán form of bán tự động (“semi-automatic”).


Bạch

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]


Đại

Đại Việt

Đại Anh

Đại Minh

Đại Học

Great Learning (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


quyền lực

[kwiən˨˩ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwiəŋ˦˩ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[wiəŋ˨˩ lɨk̚˨˩˨]


an ủi

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔuj˧˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔuj˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔuj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 安慰 (SV: an uỷ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">an uỷ</i>

vi-etym-sino

giải thưởng an ủi


Đại Việt

head

Đại Việt • (大越)

vi-proper noun

Đại Việt • (大越)

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ viək̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大越 (literally "Great Viet").
;Medieval Vietnamese state's official name

the official name referring to Vietnamese dynasties beginning with the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054-1072) until 1400, then again from 1428 to 1804

former name of Southern Han used in 917 CE


cầu nguyện

[kəw˨˩ ŋwiən˧˨ʔ]

[kəw˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kəw˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩˨]

to pray (a spiritual act to communicate with the divine)


Đại Cồ Việt

head

Đại Cồ Việt • (大瞿越)

vi-proper noun

Đại Cồ Việt • (大瞿越)

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ko˨˩ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ kow˦˩ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kow˨˩ viək̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kow˨˩ jiək̚˨˩˨]

First attested in 1479 in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, in chữ Hán form 大瞿越.
Momoki (2014) proposes that 大瞿越 (Đại Cồ Việt) & 瞿越 (Cồ Việt) are likely based on 鉅越 & 巨越 (Cự Việt) in 12th-century Lý dynasty's inscriptions instead of the nation's 10th-century name, as the form 大越 (Đại Việt) had been attested earlier in 10th-century brick inscriptions.

Đại Cồ Việt, the official name for the Vietnamese nation between the rule of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (r. 968-979) and the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054-1072).


biên tập

[ʔɓiən˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-biên tập.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 編輯, from Chinese 編輯／编辑 (biānjí).

Biên tập
Vũ Văn A
Editor
Vũ Văn A

(writing, publishing, journalism, advertising, film, television) to edit


hủ tíu

(chiefly Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of hủ tiếu


vướng

vướng vào một vụ ẩu đả

vướng phải gai


khò khè

[kʰɔ˦˩ kʰɛ˦˩]

[kʰɔ˨˩ kʰɛ˨˩]

breathing intermittently and noisily (as if the throat is obstructed); wheezing


Gò Vấp

[ɣɔ˨˩ vəp̚˧˦]

[ɣɔ˦˩ vəp̚˦˧˥]

[ɣɔ˨˩ vəp̚˦˥]

[ɣɔ˨˩ jəp̚˦˥]

gò (“mound”) + vấp (“Mesua ferrea”), literally "Ceylon ironwood mound". There is an etymology that this place was formerly a hill of Ceylon ironwood. Currently, in HCMC, there are two Ceylon ironwood tree in the Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens.
According to a folk etymology, this area is a high mound, so it is easy to stumble, so gò (“mound”) + vấp (“to stumble”).

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English

Gò Vấp (an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City)


hủ tiếu

From Teochew 粿條／粿条 (SV: quả điều). Compare Khmer គុយទាវ (kuy tiəw), Thai ก๋วยเตี๋ยว (gǔai-dtǐao).

A thin, white rice noodle cut from rice noodle sheets.

A noodle soup of Teochew origin that contains either kind of noodle; kuy teav.


vầng

vầng trăng dịu êm

vầng mặt trời/thái dương chói loà

(literary, poetic) indicates the sun and the moon

vầng trán


thóp

nắm thóp / bắt thóp

to know someone's weak point; to have dirt on someone

(figurative, of an individual) a weak point; a weak spot; an Achilles heel; dirt


nam thực như hổ, nữ thực như miêu

[naːm˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ho˧˩ nɨ˦ˀ˥ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ miəw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ how˧˨ nɨ˧˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ miw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ how˨˩˦ nɨ˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ miw˧˧]

(literal) men eat like tigers, women eat like cats

(figurative) men are supposed to take large bites and eat large portions, women are supposed to take small bites and eat small portions


tạnh

head

晴, 情, 浄, 淨, 𩄳, 𬰆

vi-verb

晴, 情, 浄, 淨, 𩄳, 𬰆

晴 (CJK)
情 (CJK)
浄 (CJK)
淨 (CJK)
𩄳 (CJK)
𬰆 (CJK)

Unclear. Either:
* Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 晴 (“clear (of weather)”, SV: tình); if true, then it was probably a rather late loan from a regional Sinitic lect; the tonal correspondence is irregular for an early loan; or,
* Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 靜 (“to be still”, SV: tĩnh, tịnh) or non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 靖 (“"to be still" > "to still"”, SV: tĩnh, tịnh); if true, that the tonal, register, and rhyme correspondences are still typical for an early loan.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tình</i>

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tĩnh, tịnh</i>


場大學

trường đại học
trường đại học#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of trường đại học (“university, college”).


場高等

trường cao đẳng
trường cao đẳng#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of trường cao đẳng (“junior college, (institution of higher education teaching undergraduates)”).


chưa biết mèo nào cắn mỉu nào

[t͡ɕɨə˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˦ mɛw˨˩ naːw˨˩ kan˧˦ miw˧˩ naːw˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨə˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥ mɛw˦˩ naːw˦˩ kaŋ˦˧˥ miw˧˨ naːw˦˩]

[cɨə˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˥ mɛw˨˩ naːw˨˩ kaŋ˦˥ miw˨˩˦ naːw˨˩]

(literal) there's no telling which cat will end up having a bite on the other

(figurative) we'll see about that; just you wait


cho thuê

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰwe˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰwej˧˧]

[cɔ˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ej˧˧]

From cho (“to give”) + thuê (“to rent”).


cho biết

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥]

[cɔ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˥]

From cho (“to give”) + biết (“to know”).


lấp

Compare Ten'edn lɔp ("to fill"), Car Nicobarese löp (“to fill up (a hole)”), Bahnar lơ̆p (“to flood (water covering something)”).


Đại Học

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大學 (literally "Great Learning").

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

Great Learning (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


sụp

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *gruup (“to invert, to lie face down”); cognate with Ruching Palaung grūp (“to give homage, pray to, revere, worship”) and Halang grŭp (“to fall down”).


Trung Dung

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

the Doctrine of the Mean (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


Luận Ngữ

[lwən˧˨ʔ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[lwəŋ˨˩ʔ ŋɨ˧˨]

[l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


Mạnh Tử

[majŋ̟˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[mɛɲ˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[man˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孟子, from Chinese 孟子 (Mèngzǐ). See also 孟母 (Mạnh mẫu, “Mencius's mother”).

Mẹ Mạnh Tử nuôi dạy con bằng cách dời nhà ba lần.

Mencius's mother moved thrice during the course of his upbringing.

Mencius (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


ngọn nguồn

[ŋɔn˧˨ʔ ŋuən˨˩]

[ŋɔŋ˨˩ʔ ŋuəŋ˦˩]

[ŋɔŋ˨˩˨ ŋuəŋ˨˩]


ngục tốt

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tot̚˧˦]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tok̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tok̚˦˥]


Biển Đen

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


tiêu chảy

bị tiêu chảy


ác cảm

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ kaːm˧˩]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ kaːm˧˨]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ kaːm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡感, composed of 惡 (“bad”) and 感 (“feeling”).


Đường thi

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ tʰi˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ tʰɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ tʰɪj˧˧]


xúp cua

[sup̚˦˧˥ kuə˧˧]

[sʊp̚˦˥ kuə˧˧]


du nhập

[zu˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遊入, composed of 遊 (“to travel”) and 入 (“to enter”).

(of a culture) to import, adopt or borrow an idea, ideology, mode of thought, practice, word, expression, etc. from another culture; compare nhập khẩu (“to import goods or cargo”)


nhà thơ

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]


ăn ở

[ʔan˧˧ ʔəː˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔəː˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔəː˨˩˦]

ăn (“to eat”) + ở (“to shelter”). Cognate with Muong ăn ớ.

to conduct daily life, especially when concerning expenses for food and shelter

ăn ở bạc bẽo

to conduct or behave in a particular way


dịch tả

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ taː˧˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ taː˧˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ taː˨˩˦]


ác thú

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ tʰu˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tʰʊw˦˥]


bán cầu

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半球, composed of 半 (“half-; semi-”) and 球 (“sphere”).

bán cầu bắc / bắc bán cầu

bán cầu não phải


Phục sinh

[fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ sɨn˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 復生 (“to come back to life”).

lễ Phục sinh

mùa Phục sinh

ngày Phục sinh


xe đẩy

[sɛ˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[sɛ˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[sɛ˧˧ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]

xe đẩy siêu thị


quyển thượng

[kwiən˧˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[kwiəŋ˧˨ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[wiəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]

From quyển (“book; notebook”) + thượng (“above”). Compare Japanese 上 (jō, thượng).

com

(dated) the first book of a two- or three-book series


quyển trung

[kwiən˧˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kwiəŋ˧˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[wiəŋ˨˩˦ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

From quyển (“book; notebook”) + trung (“middle”). Compare Japanese 中 (chū, trung).

(dated) the second book of a three-book series


quyển hạ

[kwiəŋ˧˨ haː˨˩ʔ]

[wiəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩˨]

From quyển (“book; notebook”) + hạ (“below”). Compare Japanese 下 (ge, hạ).

(dated) the last book of a two- or three-book series


bình dân

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zən˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jəŋ˧˧]


bình dân

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zən˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jəŋ˧˧]

cơm bình dân

(chiefly of services) inexpensive for ordinary people


nôn

head

農, 𡁛, 𡄨, 𡽫, 𧀒, 𫬣

vi-verb

農, 𡁛, 𡄨, 𡽫, 𧀒, 𫬣

農 (CJK)
𡁛 (CJK)
𡄨 (CJK)
𡽫 (CJK)
𧀒 (CJK)
𫬣 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nôn.wav

(Northern Vietnam) to throw up; to vomit


nôn

(dialectal) ticklish and unable to hold back one's laughter

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) anxious; impatient; eager


tiền sử

[tiən˨˩ sɨ˧˩]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʂɨ˧˨]

[tiəŋ˦˩ sɨ˧˨]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʂɨ˨˩˦]

[tiəŋ˨˩ sɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前 (“fore-”) and 史 (“history”). Compare Chinese 史前 (sử tiền), Chinese 史前史 (sử tiền sử), and Japanese 先史 (senshi, tiên sử).

vi-etym-sino

prehistory (history of human culture prior to written records)

Nó có tiền sử động kinh.

(medicine, of a patient) the fact that you have had a disease or illness before; a "history" of a particular disease or illness


miểng

Nói chuyện gì mà văng miểng tùm lum!

You can't just talk without showering on people, can you?

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) Synonym of nước miếng (“drool; spit”)


tả

Sino-Vietnamese word from 瀉 (“to have diarrhoea”).

(pathology, informal) Short for dịch tả (“cholera”).


tả

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寫 (“to write”).


thơ Đường

head

thơ Đường • (詩唐)

vi-noun

thơ Đường • (詩唐)

[tʰəː˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[tʰəː˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[tʰəː˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]


buốt

rét buốt da


buốt

đau buốt

lạnh buốt

tê buốt

rét buốt

giá buốt

♂: Những lúc buốt giá níu kéo con tim,
Không gian lặng im, một dòng sông băng

(Can we date this quote?), Hoài An (lyrics and music), “Dòng sông băng [Icy River]”:

♂: Every time the frigid cold grasps at my heart,
Space turns silent, an icy river.


Đường

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

(historical) the Tang dynasty (618–907 C.E.)


phải chi

[faːj˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[faːj˧˨ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[faːj˨˩˦ cɪj˧˧]

phải + chi.
Unlike pairs like hèn chi vs. hèn gì, huống chi vs. huống gì, *phải gì is not used (at least, not in the same sense as phải chi).

Phải chi mình nhẹ nhàng tựa làn mây
Lướt gió êm đềm.
Phải chi mình dịu dàng tựa nụ hoa
Nở trong bình minh.
Phải chi mình mềm thật mềm và suôn,
Sóng sánh trong chiều,
Để mãi vờn bay giữa bầu trời xanh,
Đắm say cùng gió với mây.

(Can we date this quote?), Võ Thiện Thanh (lyrics and music), “Tóc hát [The Hair Sings]”:

If only I were as light as a cloud
Surfing gentle breezes.
If only I were as delicate as a bloom
Blossoming at dawn.
If only I were soft and silky,
Fluttering in the evening,
So I could keep floating in the blue sky,
Blissfully existing among winds and clouds.


bố mẹ

[ʔɓo˧˦ mɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ mɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓow˦˥ mɛ˨˩˨]


nhún

head

扪, 撋, 橺, 閏, 𠾽, 頓, 屯

vi-verb

扪, 撋, 橺, 閏, 𠾽, 頓, 屯

扪 (CJK)
撋 (CJK)
橺 (CJK)
閏 (CJK)
𠾽 (CJK)
頓 (CJK)
屯 (CJK)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂nɟuun, an infixed form of *t₂ɟun ~ *t₂ɟuun (“to bend knees”); cognate with Mon ဂဇုန် (həcùn, “to sit; to lie; to crouch”).

cog

to slightly bend one's legs (in order to jump up, etc.)

to lower oneself; to be humble; to be modest


gút

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *(c)kuut ~ *(c)kuət ~ *(c)kət ~ *(c)kat (“to tie; to knot”); cognate with Khmer កួច (kuəc, “to knot”), Mon ဒကတ် (həkɔt, “to knot”).

Synonym of gùn (“small lump (on cloth)”)


giao diện

[jaːw˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 交面, composed of 交 (“to interact”) and 面 (“face”), calque of English interface.


rồng đến nhà tôm

[zəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗen˧˦ ɲaː˨˩ tom˧˧]

[ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɗen˦˧˥ ɲaː˦˩ tom˧˧]

[ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗəːn˦˥ ɲaː˨˩ tom˧˧]

Literally, "the dragon has come to visit the shrimp's home".

Dịp gì mà rồng lại đến nhà tôm thế này?

Why would a man of class like you come to this humble home today?

(idiomatic) someone of high status has paid a visit to someone of low status


xấp xỉ

[səp̚˧˦ si˧˩]

[səp̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˨]

[səp̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩˦]


diễn ra

[ziən˦ˀ˥ zaː˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʐaː˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ɹaː˧˧]


trang viên

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧ viən˧˧]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˧˧]


dựa trên

[zɨə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕen˧˧]

[jɨə˨˩ʔ ʈen˧˧]

[jɨə˨˩˨ ʈəːn˧˧]

From dựa (“to lean on”) + trên (“on; above”).


kinh điển

[kïŋ˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


mệnh lệnh

[məjŋ̟˧˨ʔ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[məːn˨˩˨ ləːn˨˩˨]


lan rộng

[laːn˧˧ zəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʐəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

From lan (“to spread”) + rộng (“broad, wide”).


dần dần

[zən˨˩ zən˨˩]

[jəŋ˦˩ jəŋ˦˩]

[jəŋ˨˩ jəŋ˨˩]


bỗ dưỡng

[ʔɓo˦ˀ˥ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓow˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

(of food) to be nutritious (and good for one's health); to be nourishing


gục

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


chồm

to spring (up); to pounce (up); to prance


mì gói

[mi˨˩ ɣɔj˧˦]

[mɪj˦˩ ɣɔj˨˩˦]

[mɪj˨˩ ɣɔj˦˥]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) instant noodles


tuổi tác

tuổi (“age”) + tác (“age (obsolete)”); see both entries for etymology.


coi thường

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

to regard as unimportant; to think little of; to disregard; to ignore


nghèo khổ

[ŋɛw˨˩ xo˧˩]

[ŋɛw˦˩ kʰow˧˨]

[ŋɛw˦˩ xow˧˨]

[ŋɛw˨˩ kʰow˨˩˦]

[ŋɛw˨˩ xow˨˩˦]


ngạo

(literary when not in compounds) to show contempt of others; to be arrogant


mù quáng

[mʊw˦˩ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[mʊw˨˩ waːŋ˦˥]

blind (failing to perceive; unable to distinguish between right and wrong)


chợ búa

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ ʔɓuə˧˦]

[t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ ʔɓuə˨˩˦]

[cəː˨˩˨ ʔɓuə˦˥]

From chợ (“market”) + búa, a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 府 (SV: phủ) (Haudricourt, 1954).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phủ</i>


Niu Di-lân

[niw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ləŋ˧˧]

[niw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ləŋ˧˧]


vội

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vội.wav

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 阿盃 (MC 'a pwoj) (modern SV: a bôi).


khí quản

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˧˨]

[xɪj˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˧˨]

[kʰɪj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩˦]

[xɪj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氣管, composed of 氣 (“air”) and 管 (“tube”).


của cải

[kuə˨˩˦ kaːj˨˩˦]

16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of Truyền kỳ mạn lục ("Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales") by Nguyễn Dữ.
埃固𧵑改意時沛奴𪸄𥙩
Ai có của cải ấy thì phải nó trộm lấy.

Those who are well-off would get their wealth stolen.


kính trọng

[kïŋ˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɨn˦˥ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

một thiền sư được kính trọng


mua bán

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˦]

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]


thứ tự

[tʰɨ˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨ˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨ˦˥ tɨ˨˩˨]

số thứ tự


chạng vạng

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˨ʔ vaːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ʔ vaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[caːŋ˨˩˨ vaːŋ˨˩˨]

[caːŋ˨˩˨ jaːŋ˨˩˨]


bỏ rơi

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ zəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ ʐəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ ɹəːj˧˧]


trảng

glade (a grassy open or cleared space in a forest)


nghẽn

to block; to be blocked; to be obstructed


do dự

[zɔ˧˧ zɨ˧˨ʔ]

[jɔ˧˧ jɨ˨˩ʔ]

[jɔ˧˧ jɨ˨˩˨]


rèm

vi-noun

(classifier cái, tấm) rèm • (𡫐, 𢆁, 𦆆, 𧞋)

cái (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
𡫐 (CJK)
𢆁 (CJK)
𦆆 (CJK)
𧞋 (CJK)

From Old Chinese 簾 (OC *rem) (B-S) (SV: liêm).


bằng chứng

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓaŋ˦˩ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ cɨŋ˦˥]


ải quan

[ʔaːj˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 隘關, composed of 隘 (“pass”) and 關 (“pass”).


ái lực

[ʔaːj˧˦ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːj˦˥ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ái lực.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ái lực.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 愛力, composed of 愛 (“love”) and 力 (“force”).


trực nhật

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ ɲət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ ɲək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˨˩˨]

trực (“to be on duty doing tasks on demand”) + nhật (“day”).

com

Hôm nay đến phiên cậu trực nhật. Đi giặt khăn đi.

It's your turn today. Go dampen the cloth.


án mạng

[ʔaːn˧˦ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˦˧˥ maːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˦˥ maːŋ˨˩˨]

án (案) + mạng (命), calque of Chinese 命案 (mìng'àn).


giáo dục thể chất

[zaːw˧˦ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˩ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[jaːw˨˩˦ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[jaːw˦˥ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦ cək̚˦˥]

giáo dục (“education”) + thể chất (“physiology”).

physical education
physical education#English

(formal) Synonym of thể dục (“physical education”)


đầu đinh

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɗɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗɨn˧˧]


văn minh

[van˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[jaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 文明, composed of 文 (“literature”) and 明 (“bright”), Japanese 文明 (bunmei), Literary Chinese 文明 (wénmíng, “brilliant; glorious”).

der

xã hội công bằng, dân chủ, văn minh


văn minh

[van˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[jaŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

văn minh nhân loại


đầu chôm chôm

[ʔɗəw˨˩ t͡ɕom˧˧ t͡ɕom˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ t͡ɕom˧˧ t͡ɕom˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ com˧˧ com˧˧]


hăm

hăm mốt

(colloquial, only in 2X-type numerals, with X being other than 0) twenty


hăm

(rarely used in isolation) to intimidate; to threaten


hăm

(of the skin of a baby, especially in the skin folds) pruriginous; pruritic; having intertrigo


節度使

chữ Hán form of tiết độ sứ (“jiedushi”).


hèm

theatrical performance to honour a local deity


thương tích

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傷跡, composed of 傷 (“wound; injury”) and 跡 (“mark; trace”).

vi-etym-sino

thương tích đầy mình


ôn hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of ôn hoà.


ái hữu

[ʔaːj˧˦ hiw˦ˀ˥]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ hɨw˧˨]

[ʔaːj˦˥ hɨw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ái hữu.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ái hữu.wav


trung nguyên

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiən˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

(rare) plains in the middle of a country


lối ra

[loj˨˩˦ ʐaː˧˧]

[loj˦˥ ɹaː˧˧]


hội ái hữu

head

hội ái hữu • (會愛友)

vi-noun

hội ái hữu • (會愛友)

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔaːj˧˦ hiw˦ˀ˥]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔaːj˨˩˦ hɨw˧˨]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔaːj˦˥ hɨw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hội ái hữu.wav

hội (“association”) + ái hữu (“to love one's friends”). Compare Chinese 愛友會／爱友会.

cog

Chinese 愛友會／爱友会


thảo nguyên

[tʰaːw˧˩ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tʰaːw˧˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːw˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]


ôn hoà

[ʔoŋ˧˧ hwaː˦˩]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ waː˨˩]


bản năng

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ naŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ naŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ naŋ˧˧]


dở ẹc

[zəː˧˩ ʔɛk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəː˧˨ ʔɛk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəː˨˩˦ ʔɛk̚˨˩˨]

Phim mới này là dở ẹc.


bất lương

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ lɨəŋ˧˧]


táo bón

[taːw˧˦ ʔɓɔn˧˦]

[taːw˨˩˦ ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥]

[taːw˦˥ ʔɓɔŋ˦˥]


túng thiếu

[tʊwŋ͡m˧˦ tʰiəw˧˦]

[tʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ tʰiw˨˩˦]

[tʊwŋ͡m˦˥ tʰiw˦˥]

túng (“to have no money”) + thiếu (“to lack”).


dịch tễ học

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ te˦ˀ˥ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ tej˧˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ tej˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


ác tính

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ác tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡性, composed of 惡 (“evil”) and 性 (“quality”).

vi-etym-sino

(pathology) malignant; nonbenign; pernicious


Mĩ kim

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美金, composed of 美 (“America”) and 金 (“money”)

(dated) Synonym of đô-la Mĩ (“US dollar”)


vạn vật học

[vaːn˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萬物 (“ten thousand things”) and 學 (“study”).


bột chiên

[ʔɓot̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕiən˧˧]

[ʔɓok̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓok̚˨˩˨ ciəŋ˧˧]


chiến hạm

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ haːm˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ haːm˨˩ʔ]

[ciəŋ˦˥ haːm˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 戰艦, composed of 戰 (“fighting; battle”) and 艦 (“warship”).

vi:Chiến hạm (phim 2012)
vi:Chiến hạm Vasa


trực tràng

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʈaːŋ˦˩]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ ʈaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 直腸, composed of 直 (“straight”) and 腸 (“intestine”).


vận chuyển

[vən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩]

[vəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨]

[vəŋ˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

[jəŋ˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]


an tử

[ʔaːn˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安死, composed of 安 (“peaceful”) and 死 (“death”).


bí đỏ

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[ʔɓi˧˦ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓɪj˦˥ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]


cố vấn

[kow˨˩˦ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[kow˦˥ vəŋ˦˥]

[kow˦˥ jəŋ˦˥]


cố vấn

[kow˨˩˦ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[kow˦˥ vəŋ˦˥]

[kow˦˥ jəŋ˦˥]


giấy phép

[zəj˧˦ fɛp̚˧˦]

[jəj˨˩˦ fɛp̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˦˥ fɛp̚˦˥]

giấy phép tái nhập


cực đoan

[kɨk̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗwaːn˧˧]

[kɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]

[kɨk̚˨˩˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]


liều

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 療 (SV: liệu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">liệu</i>


lực sĩ

[lɨk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[lɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[lɨk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[lɨk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[lɨk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 力士, composed of 力 (“power”) and 士 (“expert”).

(sports, dated, chiefly Overseas Vietnamese) an athlete


đại tiện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiện.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大便, composed of 大 (“large”) and 便 (“waste”).


hậu quả

[həw˧˨ʔ kwaː˧˩]

[həw˨˩ʔ kwaː˧˨]

[həw˨˩˨ waː˨˩˦]


lưu vực

[liw˧˧ vɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[lɨw˧˧ vɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[lɨw˧˧ vɨk̚˨˩˨]

[lɨw˧˧ jɨk̚˨˩˨]


lan tỏa

Traditional tone placement spelling of lan toả.


ỉa chảy

[ʔiə˧˩ t͡ɕaj˧˩]

[ʔiə˧˨ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[ʔiə˨˩˦ ca(ː)j˨˩˦]


giới hạn

[zəːj˧˦ haːn˧˨ʔ]

[jəːj˨˩˦ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jəːj˦˥ haːŋ˨˩˨]


viếng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 聘 (SV: sính). Probably from Middle Chinese 聘 (MC phjiengH).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sính</i>

vi-etym-sino

(dated, still used by Overseas Vietnamese) to visit (a person or a place)

to pay a visit of condolence (to someone)


bỉnh bút

[ʔɓïŋ˧˩ ʔɓut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˧˨ ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩˦ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥]


bỉnh bút

[ʔɓïŋ˧˩ ʔɓut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˧˨ ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩˦ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥]


đón

head

đón • (扽, 迍, 頓, 遁)

vi-verb

đón • (扽, 迍, 頓, 遁)

đón xuân


lan toả

[laːŋ˧˧ twaː˧˨]

[laːŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦]


tôn trọng

[ton˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


tham khảo

[tʰaːm˧˧ kʰaːw˧˨]

[tʰaːm˧˧ kʰaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰaːm˧˧ xaːw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tham khảo.wav


ẵm

(Southern Vietnam) to hold something gently in one's arm


nhừ

(especially of meat) so overcooked that it gets mushy


đi cầu

[ʔɗi˧˧ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəw˨˩]


cận lâm sàng

[kən˧˨ʔ ləm˧˧ saːŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ ləm˧˧ ʂaːŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ ləm˧˧ saːŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ ləm˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ ləm˧˧ saːŋ˨˩]

paraclinical (relating to the use of laboratory tests and imaging)


nhóm máu

[ɲɔm˧˦ maw˧˦]

[ɲɔm˦˧˥ maw˨˩˦]


hạ lệnh

[haː˧˨ʔ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[haː˨˩ʔ len˨˩ʔ]

[haː˨˩˨ ləːn˨˩˨]


sản vật

[saːn˧˩ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˨˩˦ vək̚˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]


thất bại

[tʰət̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩˨]


thất bại

[tʰət̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩˨]


thu nhập

[tʰu˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 收入, composed of 收 (“to collect”) and 入 (“to enter”).

vi-etym-sino

thu nhập bình quân đầu người


chủ chốt

[t͡ɕu˧˩ t͡ɕot̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ t͡ɕok̚˦˧˥]

[cʊw˨˩˦ cok̚˦˥]

Loài chủ chốt


tiểu cầu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小 (“small”) and 球 (“ball”).


chỉ đạo

[t͡ɕi˧˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 指導 (“to give direction”), Japanese 指導 (shidō).

ban chỉ đạo


nhồi máu cơ tim

[ɲoj˨˩ maw˧˦ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]

[ɲoj˦˩ maw˨˩˦ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction

(pathology) myocardial infarction; heart attack


thầy thuốc

[tʰəj˨˩ tʰuək̚˧˦]

[tʰəj˦˩ tʰuək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəj˨˩ tʰuək̚˦˥]


bạch cầu

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白球, composed of 白 (“white”) and 球 (“ball”), from Chinese 白血球 (bạch huyết cầu, literally “white blood ball”).

der

(cytology, hematology, immunology) white blood cell; leukocyte


sông Cửu Long

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

sông (“river”) + Cửu Long (九龍, “nine dragons”), literally “River of the Nine Dragons”, referring to the nine main distributaries of the Mekong in its lower reaches before it enters the sea.
An alternative theory holds that Cửu Long 九龍 (MC kjuwX ljowng) is essentially a disyllabified, Sino-Vietnamese phono-semantic matching of Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), whence Modern Vietnamese sông. Although this practice is widely attested (compare Dóng vs. Phù Đổng, Trầu vs. Phù Lưu, Trèm vs. Từ Liêm), the geographical remoteness from the Vietnamese heartland (Northern and North Central Vietnam) and the rather recent settlement history of Vietnamese speakers in the region may cast some doubt on the theory.

psm

The collective name for the distributaries of the Mekong River in Vietnam's territory.


lo âu

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

lo (“to worry”) + âu (“(obsolete) to worry”).


lo âu

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]


thị giác

[tʰi˧˨ʔ zaːk̚˧˦]

[tʰɪj˨˩ʔ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɪj˨˩˨ jaːk̚˦˥]


thị giác

[tʰi˧˨ʔ zaːk̚˧˦]

[tʰɪj˨˩ʔ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɪj˨˩˨ jaːk̚˦˥]

nghệ thuật thị giác


cận

cận 4 độ

Mắt cận lòi ra, gỡ kiếng ra có thấy gì đâu.

My eyes suffer from heavy near-sightedness, so I can't see shit if I don't have my glasses you know.

(colloquial) Clipping of cận thị (“nearsighted”).


thân thuộc

[tʰən˧˧ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


thân thuộc

[tʰən˧˧ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


chém

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斬 (SV: trảm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trảm</i>

vi-etym-sino

bị chém

(figurative, colloquial) to rip off; to sell too dear

Short for chém gió (“to brag, to boast”).


tư liệu

[tɨ˧˧ liəw˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ liw˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ liw˨˩˨]


hồng cầu

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ kəw˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ kəw˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅 (“red”) and 球 (“ball”), from Chinese 紅血球／红血球 (hồng huyết cầu, literally “red blood ball”). Compare Japanese 赤血球 (sekkekkyū, xích huyết cầu).

cog

Coordinate term: bạch cầu

Em trở về đúng nghĩa trái tim
Biết làm sống những hồng cầu đã chết
Biết lấy lại những gì đã mất
Biết rút gần khoảng cách của yêu tin

1984, Xuân Quỳnh, “Tự hát [Sing by Myself]”, in Tự hát [Sing by Myself]:

I return to how the heart truly feels
I know how to revive red blood cells that are dead
I know how to reclaim things that are lost
I know how to shorten the distance between love and trust

(cytology, hematology) a red blood cell; an erythrocyte


lệch

head

歷, 嚦, 壢, 瀝, 𨇗, 𪯯

vi-adj

歷, 嚦, 壢, 瀝, 𨇗, 𪯯

歷 (CJK)
嚦 (CJK)
壢 (CJK)
瀝 (CJK)
𨇗 (CJK)
𪯯 (CJK)


lệch

nhệch

nasalization of the lateral, no vowel raising


cảm nhận

[kaːm˧˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 感 (“feel”) and 認 (“recognize”).


cảm nhận

[kaːm˧˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Đây là vài cảm nhận riêng về sản phẩm.

These are my personal thoughts on the product.


y lệnh

[ʔi˧˧ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɪj˧˧ len˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ləːn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 醫 (“doctor”) and 令 (“command”). Compare Chinese 醫囑／医嘱 (yīzhǔ).

Điều trị tăng huyết áp cần tuân thủ chặt chẽ theo y lệnh của bác sỹ chuyên khoa, có chỉ định uống thuốc theo đơn cụ thể.

2017 December, “Bác sĩ Bạch Mai vạch mặt thủ phạm dẫn đến đột quỵ”, in Dân Việt:

The treatment of hypertension requires strict compliance with the specialist doctor's instructions, using specific prescription medications.

Không chỉ thực hiện y lệnh, chăm chút, theo dõi quá trình điều trị cho bệnh nhân, điều dưỡng viên còn làm cả những công việc đúng chất của “người nhà”, từ chăm lo ăn uống, vệ sinh cá nhân đến trò chuyện, chia sẻ với người bệnh.

2017 December, Nguyễn Oanh, “Những “người thân” đặc biệt của bệnh nhân”, in Bắc Ninh Online, archived from the original on 2017-12-13:

Not only do [the nurses] carry out doctors' orders, take care of patients and follow their course of treatment, they also do tasks considered to be those of their “family members”, such as helping patients with eating and drinking, personal hygiene, and chatting with patients and sharing [stories] with them.

11h25’ ngày 29/11, bệnh nhân Đông được nhập viện vào khoa Vật lý trị liệu - Phục hồi chức năng và được ra y lệnh điều trị.

2017 December, Ngọc Tú, “Vụ bệnh nhân tử vong, người nhà quây bệnh viện: Kết luận đúng quy trình!”, in Trí Thức Trẻ:

At 11:25 on the 29th of November, patient Đông was admitted to the physiotherapy–occupational therapy department and given the doctors' instructions on treatment.

(medicine) doctor's instructions; doctor's advice


thể dịch

[tʰe˧˩ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˧˨ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ jɨt̚˨˩˨]


chốt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 椊 (“to plug”, SV: [Term?])

a central pillar; central axis component

Chốt kiểm soát miễn dịch

Immune Checkpoint (checkpoint to control immunity)

Các chốt này bắt đầu hoạt động từ ngày 25/3, có nhiệm vụ kiểm soát y tế như: đo nhiệt độ, xác định người nghi nhiễm bệnh và tổ chức giám định y tế;[…]

2020 March 24, Nguyễn Dương, Hải Phòng lập 6 chốt kiểm soát dịch tại cửa ngõ đường bộ, Zing.vn, archived from the original on 2020-03-27:

These checkpoints will start operating on 25th March and have the mission of executing medical checks, such as: measuring body temperature, determining who is suspected of being ill and organizing medical monitoring; […]


tư thục

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tư thục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 私塾 (“traditional private school”).


trừng trị

[t͡ɕɨŋ˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨŋ˦˩ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨŋ˨˩ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


tự trị

[tɨ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


dai dẳng

[jaːj˧˧ jaŋ˨˩˦]


hình phạt

[hïŋ˨˩ faːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ faːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ faːk̚˨˩˨]


loạt

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˨˩˨]


hòn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 丸 (SV: hoàn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoàn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Used for small, solid and roundish objects, such as rocks, pebbles, bricks, testicles, etc.

Used for standalone mountains and islands.


bốc

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˥]

From Proto-Vietic *poːk (“handful”). Related to vốc (“handful”).
Compare also Baha pok³¹ (“bunch, handful”).

ăn bốc

to make up (a traditional medicine prescription)

to exhume and move (a corpse) to another place


bốc

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˥]


bắt nguồn

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ŋuən˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ŋuəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ŋuəŋ˨˩]

to take one's source (from); to originate (from); to begin (from)


hồ sơ

[ho˨˩ səː˧˧]

[how˦˩ ʂəː˧˧]

[how˦˩ səː˧˧]

[how˨˩ ʂəː˧˧]

[how˨˩ səː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和 (sum; total)/核 (detailed; examine)/著 (composition; to record) and 疏 (“record; letter”)

Hồ sơ khách hàng

Hồ sơ địa hình


quần chúng

[kwən˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦]

[kwəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[wəŋ˨˩ cʊwŋ͡m˦˥]

noncommunists; those who are not part of communist organizations


động kinh

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ kïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ kɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ kɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 動 (“to move”) and 經 (“nerve”).


bệnh lí

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

manifestations of disease; disease pathology


quán quân

[kwaːŋ˦˧˥ kwəŋ˧˧]

[waːŋ˦˥ wəŋ˧˧]


phạt

→ Khmer: ផាក (phaak)


ăn hiếp

[ʔan˧˧ hiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ hiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ hip̚˦˥]


Nam Vang

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

Corruption of Khmer ភ្នំពេញ (phnum pɨñ).

Ðể đi mua ít ổ bánh mì, vài hộp cá mòi, đem lên xe mình ăn, rồi chiều lên Nam Vang sẽ ăn cơm.

1929, Hồ Biểu Chánh, “Vợ chồng trái ý [The disagreeing couple]”, in Khóc thầm [Crying in the dark], via Vietnamese Wikisource:

Let me go buy a small number of loaves of bread and a few sardine cans; we can eat it on the road, and when we get to Phnom Penh this afternoon we can eat a proper meal.


thông cáo

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːw˧˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːw˦˥]


mãnh liệt

[majŋ̟˦ˀ˥ liət̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɛɲ˧˨ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[man˨˩˦ liək̚˨˩˨]


hiếp dâm

[hiəp̚˧˦ zəm˧˧]

[hiəp̚˦˧˥ jəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 脅 (“to oppress; to force”) and 淫 (“lewd”).


đối lập

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]


dữ dội

[zɨ˦ˀ˥ zoj˧˨ʔ]

[jɨ˧˨ joj˨˩ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩˦ joj˨˩˨]


ổ khoá

[ʔo˧˩ xwaː˧˦]

[ʔow˧˨ kʰwaː˨˩˦]

[ʔow˧˨ xwaː˨˩˦]

[ʔow˨˩˦ kʰwaː˦˥]

[ʔow˨˩˦ xwaː˦˥]


nạn nhân

[naːn˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 難人, composed of 難 (“disaster”) and 人 (“person”).


mồ

cái (classifier)
ngôi (classifier)
𫮲 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墓 (“tomb”, SV: mộ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mộ</i>


tai tiếng

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˧˦]

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˦˥]


tai tiếng

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˧˦]

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[taːj˧˧ tiəŋ˦˥]


tập đoàn

[təp̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗwaːn˨˩]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩]

[təp̚˨˩˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 集團, composed of 集 (“to gather”) and 團 (“group”), Japanese 集団 (shūdan).

a group of people with the same goal or aim, such as a clique or faction

(biology) a group of individuals of the same species

Tập Đoàn Alibaba


tiếp tân

[tiəp̚˧˦ tən˧˧]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ təŋ˧˧]

[tip̚˦˥ təŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 接 (“to receive”) and 賓 (“guest”).


tiếp tân

[tiəp̚˧˦ tən˧˧]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ təŋ˧˧]

[tip̚˦˥ təŋ˧˧]


anh chị em

[ʔajŋ̟˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ ʔɛm˧˧]

[ʔɛɲ˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˨˩ʔ ʔɛm˧˧]

[ʔan˧˧ cɪj˨˩˨ ʔɛm˧˧]

anh (“elder brother”) + chị (“elder sister”) + em (“younger sibling”).

com

(collective) siblings; brothers and sisters; boys and girls


nịt

Originally the noun derivative of rịt (“‘to fasten; to tie’”).


nịt

(Southern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) belt


mộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 墓. Compare mồ, mả.


chìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 匙 (“spoon; key”, SV: thi). Compare thìa (“spoon”), chìa vôi.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>


chìa

to extend; to protrude; to hold out (one's hand)


mì tôm

From mì (“noodles”) + tôm (“shrimp”), so called because early instant noodles in Northern Vietnam (manufactured by Colusa – Miliket) is packaged with shrimp patterns.

(Northern Vietnam, colloquial) instant noodles


thống chế

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ cej˦˥]


bực bội

[ʔɓɨk̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓoj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓoj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˨˩˨ ʔɓoj˨˩˨]


lèm bèm

head

lèm bèm (reduplication lèm bà lèm bèm, lèm bèm là bà)

[lɛm˨˩ ʔɓɛm˨˩]

[lɛm˦˩ ʔɓɛm˦˩]

[lɛm˨˩ ʔɓɛm˨˩]


sáng lập

[saːŋ˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]


nhăn nhó

[ɲan˧˧ ɲɔ˧˦]

[ɲaŋ˧˧ ɲɔ˨˩˦]

[ɲaŋ˧˧ ɲɔ˦˥]

to have a wry face; to grimace; to frown


đấng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 等 (SV: đẳng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đẳng</i>

vi-etym-sino

đấng Tạo Hoá

đấng sinh thành

đấng nam nhi

đấng anh hùng


thường thường

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]


thường thường

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

固(Có)茹(nhà)員(viên)外(ngoại)户(họ)王(Vương)
家(Gia)資(tư)擬(nghĩ)拱(cũng)常(thường)常(thường)堛(bậc)中(trung)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)^(https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Truyện_Kiều_(bản_Liễu_Văn_Ðường_1866)), published 1866, lines 11–12:

There was a respectable townsman with surname Vương.
 Of modest wealth, he belonged to the middle class of society.


gạc

Compare Proto-Katuic *ʔŋgaak (whence Pacoh acec (“branch”)).
In spite of superficial resemblance, this word is not a descendant of Chinese 角 (MC kaewk, “horn”) (SV: giác), which had a very different vowel during the Old Chinese period, while later forms disagree with Vietnamese gạc in terms of voicing and (lack the) environment for lenition.

gạc nai


ăn phở

[ʔan˧˧ fəː˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ fəː˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ fəː˨˩˦]

ăn (“to eat”) + phở (“pho”).
Sense 2 stems from the belief that rice (cơm) is a primary meal, while noodles (phở) are something else or “on the side”.

(literally) to eat pho (Vietnamese noodle soup)

(figurative, colloquial, usually of a man) to have an affair


lóng ngóng

head

lóng ngóng (reduplication lóng nga lóng ngóng)

[lawŋ͡m˧˦ ŋawŋ͡m˧˦]

[lawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ŋawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[lɔŋ˦˧˥ ŋɔŋ˦˧˥]

[lawŋ͡m˦˥ ŋawŋ͡m˦˥]


lóng ngóng

[lawŋ͡m˧˦ ŋawŋ͡m˧˦]

[lawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ŋawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[lɔŋ˦˧˥ ŋɔŋ˦˧˥]

[lawŋ͡m˦˥ ŋawŋ͡m˦˥]


lầu xanh

[ləw˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ləw˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lầu xanh.wav

lầu (“multistory building”) + xanh (“grue”), calque of Chinese 青樓／青楼 (thanh lâu).


truyền thanh

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傳聲, composed of 傳 (“to transmit”) and 聲 (“sound”).


truyền thanh

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰan˧˧]


bẩy

(dialectal) Alternative form of bảy (“seven”)


tẩy

Audio (Hà Nội)


tẩy

Audio (Hà Nội)


tẩy

Audio (Hà Nội)


quét

Compare Proto-Tai *kwaːtᴰ (“to sweep”) (whence Thai กวาด (gwàat)).


vụng

head

𢜗, 俸, 唪, 𢜗, 󱣾

vi-adj

𢜗, 俸, 唪, 𢜗, 󱣾

bống

dialects without leniton, vowel lowered due to hypercorrection


cà nhắc

[kaː˨˩ ɲak̚˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ ɲak̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ ɲak̚˦˥]


vùi

head

培, 盃, 𡏧, 𢮏, 𣼯

vi-verb

培, 盃, 𡏧, 𢮏, 𣼯


bắt bẻ

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɓɛ˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦]


trọn vẹn

[t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ vɛn˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ vɛŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩˨ vɛŋ˨˩˨]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩˨ jɛŋ˨˩˨]


cằn nhằn

[kaŋ˦˩ ɲaŋ˦˩]

[kaŋ˨˩ ɲaŋ˨˩]


thui

Probably from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thối</i>

vi-etym-sino

Near-synonym: nướng (“to roast without scorching”)

bê thui

veal calf roasted whole over an open flame

To cook an animal or meat outside in by burning or scorching its outer layer (mostly with skin), so that while the outer layer is well-cooked, the inner meat remains rare or medium rare.


lăng nhăng

head

lăng nhăng (‑a reduplication lăng nha lăng nhăng)

[laŋ˧˧ ɲaŋ˧˧]

[laŋ˧˧ ɲaŋ˧˧]

[laŋ˧˧ ɲaŋ˧˧]

trashy; unimportant; insignificant; trivial

flirtatious; frivolous; showing promiscuous behavior


thải

to discard; to eliminate; to discharge; to dismiss


chín chắn

[t͡ɕin˧˦ t͡ɕan˧˦]

[t͡ɕin˦˧˥ t͡ɕaŋ˦˧˥]

[cɨn˦˥ caŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chín chắn.wav

(of a person) mature; patient, composed, and prudent (like an adult)


vờ

Xác như vờ, xơ như nhộng


vờ

vờ • (爲, 潙, 噅)

vi-verb

vờ • (爲, 潙, 噅)


vờ

plants' debris on the surface of a pond, serving as hiding places for fish


nồng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 濃 (“concentrated”, SV: nùng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nùng</i>


cắm

From Proto-Vietic *gamʔ ~ kamʔ (“to bite”). Cognate with mainstream Vietnamese gặm (“to gnaw”), Arem kɐ̀mˀ ("to bite").


vẹn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 完 (“complete”, SV: hoàn).
Its ancestor, either 完 (OC *[ɢ]ˤo[n]) (B-S) or 完 (LHC *ɣuɑn) (Schuessler, 2009), would have regularly yielded **vèn; its attested nặng-tone resulted from either an irregular sound change, borrowing from a regional Chinese dialect (see tạnh), or indirect borrowing (see tiếng).

(literary) to keep (one's promise); to be true to

to be complete; to be intact; to be whole


chẽn

áo chẽn


súng sáu

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂaw˨˩˦]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ saw˨˩˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʂa(ː)w˦˥]


súng lục

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˦ lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

From súng (“gun”) + lục (“six”). The element of lục came from the six-bullet pistol that is somewhat familiar to Vietnamese.


oằn

to bend (down due to having to endure a great force); to curve; to be bent


nhường nhịn

[ɲɨəŋ˨˩ ɲin˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɨəŋ˦˩ ɲin˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɨəŋ˨˩ ɲɨn˨˩˨]

to make compromises; to make concessions; to yield (to)


gầm ghì

[ɣəm˨˩ ɣi˨˩]

[ɣəm˦˩ ɣɪj˦˩]

[ɣəm˨˩ ɣɪj˨˩]

(zoology) dove, pigeon (especially the wild ones)


năng động

[naŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


lẩy bẩy

[ləj˧˩ ʔɓəj˧˩]

[ləj˧˨ ʔɓəj˧˨]

[ləj˨˩˦ ʔɓəj˨˩˦]


chơi bời

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˨˩]

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˦˩]

[cəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˨˩]

com

chơi (“to play”) + bời (“numerous; messy”)


dìu

head

妙, 耀, 迢, 𠾸, 調, 𢭼, 𢴿

vi-verb

妙, 耀, 迢, 𠾸, 調, 𢭼, 𢴿

妙 (CJK)
耀 (CJK)
迢 (CJK)
𠾸 (CJK)
調 (CJK)
𢭼 (CJK)
𢴿 (CJK)

to help (someone) forward by letting them lean on oneself


nôn nao

Tết đã cận kề, ai cũng nôn nao về nhà.

2022, Thanh Trần, Có những sinh viên y dược như thế!, Tiền Phong:

As Tết approaches, everyone is anxious to head back to their hometowns.

uneasy, disturbed, agitated (in the mind), anxious


tử tế

[tɨ˧˨ tej˨˩˦]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tej˦˥]

Mày không nói được câu nào tử tế à?


vừng

vi-noun

(classifier cây, hạt, hột) vừng • (𣜸, 𥣐, 𦾥, 𧁸)

cây (classifier)
hạt (classifier)
hột (classifier)
𣜸 (CJK)
𥣐 (CJK)
𦾥 (CJK)
𧁸 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *vɨŋ (“sesame”). Compare Proto-Katuic *lawɨŋ and Proto-Be *vəŋᴬ².

Vừng ơi, mở ra!


vụt

head

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

vụt • (挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗) (reduplication vùn vụt)

vi-verb

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

挬 (CJK)
桲 (CJK)
樾 (CJK)
𨁝 (CJK)
𨅗 (CJK)
vùn vụt (reduplication)

Compare vọt as well as the pair phụt, phọt.

to move, run or flee suddenly and very quickly

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to toss; to throw (forcefully and far)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to throw away; to discard


chửi

chửi thề

Con ra ngoài chơi có tí mà ba chửi lên chửi xuống.

I [the son] have just gone out for a little while, but you [the father] showered curses on me.


thình thịch

[tʰïŋ˨˩ tʰïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨn˦˩ tʰɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩ tʰɨt̚˨˩˨]


thình thịch

[tʰïŋ˨˩ tʰïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨn˦˩ tʰɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩ tʰɨt̚˨˩˨]

tim đập thình thịch

(of heart beating) with intense pounding beats


giỏi giang

[zɔj˧˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[jɔj˧˨ jaːŋ˧˧]

[jɔj˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˧]


le le

Reduplication of le. Compare chuồn chuồn, châu chấu, etc.

Ở Cà Mau, An Giang và một số tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ, nhiều người dân nuôi chim le le thu lợi nhuận khá cao. Le le vốn là giống chim trời hoang dã, sống trong môi trường tự nhiên, nhưng kể từ khi được con người chăn nuôi thì số lượng của chúng phát triển vượt bậc.

2019, “Nuôi chim le le (Raising Lesser Whistling Ducks)”, Đại Đoàn Kết (Great Unity)

In Cà Mau, An Giang, and a few South-western provinces, many people profit rather handsomely from raising lesser whistling ducks. The lesser whistling ducks are wild birds living in the natural environment; yet ever since being raised and bred by humans, their number increases significantly.

lesser whistling duck
lesser whistling duck

Dendrocygna javanica
Dendrocygna javanica#Translingual

lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica)


thảm họa

Traditional tone placement spelling of thảm hoạ.


hỏa hoạn

Traditional tone placement spelling of hoả hoạn.


hàng loạt

[haːŋ˨˩ lwaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˩ lwaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˨˩˨]

mass (production, storage, distribution, etc.)


dẫn dắt

[zən˦ˀ˥ zat̚˧˦]

[jəŋ˧˨ jak̚˦˧˥]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ jak̚˦˥]


thảm hoạ

[tʰaːm˧˩ hwaː˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˨ hwaː˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːm˨˩˦ waː˨˩˨]


thu gom

[tʰu˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]


nhìn nhận

[ɲin˨˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[ɲin˦˩ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɨn˨˩ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

to examine; to look at (a problem, etc.)


đảm nhận

[ʔɗaːm˧˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˧˨ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 擔 (“to shoulder; to bear”) and 認 (“to accept”).

vi-etym-sino

to take on (a difficult task); to undertake


thúc đẩy

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]


cắt giảm

cắt giảm chi phí sinh hoạt


ngoẹo

(Central Vietnam, Northern Vietnam) to turn; to make a turn


phán xử

[faːn˧˦ sɨ˧˩]

[faːŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˧˨]

[faːŋ˦˥ sɨ˨˩˦]

người phán xử


thời cơ

[tʰəːj˨˩ kəː˧˧]

[tʰəːj˦˩ kəː˧˧]

[tʰəːj˨˩ kəː˧˧]

opportunity (for doing something); chance


thẩm mĩ viện

[tʰəm˧˩ mi˦ˀ˥ viən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəm˧˨ mɪj˧˨ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəm˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[tʰəm˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 審美 (“aesthetics”) and 院 (“institute”).


thượng tầng

[tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ təŋ˨˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 上層 (SV: thượng tằng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thượng tằng</i>

vi-etym-sino

higher layer; upper level; upper stratum

kiến trúc thượng tầng
kiến trúc thượng tầng#Vietnamese

Short for kiến trúc thượng tầng (“superstructure”).


trường độ

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɗow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長度, composed of 長 (“length”) and 度 (“degree”).


hoả hoạn

[hwaː˧˨ hwaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 火患, composed of 火 (“fire”) and 患 (“peril”).


nêu

Likely from an infixed form of a root that also gave rise to modern bêu (“to raise, to expose”).

to raise (a question, suggestion, etc.); to bring up; to set


nêu

a long bamboo pole traditionally erected during the Vietnamese lunar new year (Tết), adorned with cloth and other decorations to ward off evil spirits


nòng cốt

[nɔŋ˦˩ kok̚˦˧˥]


thoảng

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˦]

(of wind, odour, etc.) to sweep past; to be fleeting


tổn thương

[ton˧˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˧˨ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˨˩˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]


tổn thương

[ton˧˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˧˨ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˨˩˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]


bền vững

[ʔɓen˨˩ vɨŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓen˦˩ vɨŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩ vɨŋ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩ jɨŋ˨˩˦]


thúc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 促 (“to urge”, SV: xúc).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xúc</i>

vi-etym-sino

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


thúc

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


nội soi

[noj˨˩ʔ ʂɔj˧˧]

[noj˨˩˨ ʂɔj˧˧]


dẫn dụ

[zən˦ˀ˥ zu˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˨ jʊw˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ jʊw˨˩˨]

to entice; to allure; to attract; to seduce


suy nhược

[swi˧˧ ɲɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂwɪj˧˧ ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[swɪj˧˧ ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ɲɨək̚˨˩˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ɲɨək̚˨˩˨]

depleted (of energy); debilitated; weakened


quăng

Cognate with Arem kwaŋ, Khasi kawang (“to throw, hurl”). Ultimately of imitative origin, compare English wang.
See also quẳng and văng.

to throw (horizontally, forcefully and far); to cast; to fling; to hurl

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to throw away; to toss out


dọn dẹp

[zɔn˧˨ʔ zɛp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɔŋ˨˩ʔ jɛp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɔŋ˨˩˨ jɛp̚˨˩˨]

to put in order; to tidy up; to clean up


cân bằng

[kən˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


cân bằng

[kən˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


cân bằng

[kən˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


thăng bằng

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

giữ thăng bằng trên dây


thăng bằng

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


ngông

Possibly from Old Chinese 顒 (OC *ŋoŋ) "grand, majestic" (ZS) (SV: ngung)


hở

head

hở • (滸 - 許, 矣)

vi-adj

hở • (滸 - 許, 矣)


hở

Mới về hở?

Sao ngáo vậy hở thằng kia?

God why do you have to be such a dumbass?

Bây giờ mấy giờ rồi hở chị?

(colloquial) final interrogative particle


火患

chữ Hán form of hoả hoạn (“fire disaster”).


thẩm mĩ

[tʰəm˧˩ mi˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˨ mɪj˧˨]

[tʰəm˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 審美, composed of 審 (“to judge”) and 美 (“beauty”). Compare Japanese 審美 (shinbi).

vi-etym-sino

phẫu thuật thẩm mĩ

(informal, usually attributive) to be cosmetic; to be aesthetic


thẩm mĩ

[tʰəm˧˩ mi˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˨ mɪj˧˨]

[tʰəm˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦]


phòng khám

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ kʰaːm˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˦˩ xaːm˦˧˥]


hả hê

Nụ cười hả hê, chiến thắng của bà ta lập tức nở ra như miếng bánh phồng tôm thả vào chảo mỡ đang sôi reo.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 4, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

A satisfied and victorious smile immediately blossomed on her lips, like a piece of prawn cracker dropped into a frying pan sizzling with oil.


bịa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詖 (SV: bí).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bí</i>

vi-etym-sino

(informal) to make up (a story, claim, etc.)


áy náy

head

áy náy • (愛乃)

vi-verb

áy náy • (愛乃)

[ʔaj˨˩˦ naj˨˩˦]

Nghĩ lại thì đúng là áy náy với hành động của mình ngày xưa.

Think back now, I really do feel bad about my own actions back then.


đông đảo

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


kiềm chế

[kiəm˨˩ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[kiəm˦˩ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]


tham vọng

[tʰaːm˧˧ vawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ vawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ vɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ vawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[tʰaːm˧˧ jawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 貪 (“greedy”) and 望 (“to observe; to hope”).


chủ nghĩa xét lại

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ŋiə˦ˀ˥ sɛt̚˧˦ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ŋiə˧˨ sɛt̚˦˧˥ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ŋiə˨˩˦ sɛk̚˦˥ laːj˨˩˨]


quan ngại

[kwaːn˧˧ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 關礙 (“to interfere; to hinder”); reinterpreted as if quan (in quan tâm) + ngại (in lo ngại).

com

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quan tâm</i>

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lo ngại</i>

(often officialese) to become concerned (about)


sinh ra

[sïŋ˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʐaː˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ ʐaː˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]


thuyết phục

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

có sức thuyết phục


cắm cúi

Mụ ta đang cắm cúi viết trên một mảnh giấy nhỏ xé ra từ quyển sổ ghi chép các món tiền thu nhập hàng ngày.

She had her head bowed, intent on writing her daily earnings on a small scrap of paper torn from a notebook.

head bowed and concentrated on one's work


sinh sản

[sïŋ˧˧ saːn˧˩]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生產 (“to produce; to reproduce”).

vi-etym-sino

sinh sản ở động vật có vú


sinh sản

[sïŋ˧˧ saːn˧˩]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]


thoa

to apply, to put, to rub substances or liquids (like hand cream, suncream, whipped cream, lotion, moisturizer,etc)


hỡi

Hỡi đồng bào!

Hỡi người!

Hỡi oai linh, cảnh nước non hùng vĩ!
Là nơi giống hùm thiêng ta ngự trị.
Nơi thênh thang ta vùng vẫy ngày xưa,
Nơi ta không còn được thấy bao giờ!
Có biết chăng trong những ngày ngao ngán,
Ta đương theo giấc mộng ngàn to lớn
Để hồn ta phảng phất được gần ngươi,
—Hỡi cảnh rừng ghê gớm của ta ơi!

1935, Thế Lữ, “Nhớ rừng (Lời con hổ ở vườn Bách thú) [Longing for the Jungle (As Told by a Zoo Tiger)]”, in Mấy vần thơ [Some Poetry Rhymes]:

O the proud spirit, the great scenery!
The place my sacred tiger kind rules.
The place I freely roamed in the old days,
The place I will never get to see ever again!
Do thou know, on these days of tedium,
I am pursuing an immense dream
In which my soul can linger on closely to thee,
—My dear glorious jungle!

The vocative particle, used for direct address.


loãng xương

[lwaːŋ˦ˀ˥ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[lwaːŋ˧˨ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˦ sɨəŋ˧˧]


ngày càng

[ŋaj˨˩ kaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋaj˦˩ kaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋa(ː)j˨˩ kaːŋ˨˩]


tàu sân bay

[taw˨˩ sən˧˧ ʔɓaj˧˧]

[taw˦˩ ʂəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaj˧˧]

[taw˦˩ səŋ˧˧ ʔɓaj˧˧]

[ta(ː)w˨˩ ʂəŋ˧˧ ʔɓa(ː)j˧˧]

[ta(ː)w˨˩ səŋ˧˧ ʔɓa(ː)j˧˧]


vô căn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無 (“no”) and 根 (“root; basis”).

(medicine, of disease) primary; essential; idiopathic


tàu chiến

[taw˦˩ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥]


đảm bảo

[ʔɗaːm˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˩]

[ʔɗaːm˧˨ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

Có thật không ?
Anh thề, anh hứa, anh đảm bảo !
Really?
Yes! I swear, I promise, I assure you!


nhủ

(chiefly in compounds) to advise; to instruct


sức mạnh

[sɨk̚˧˦ majŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨk̚˦˧˥ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[sɨk̚˦˧˥ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨk̚˦˥ man˨˩˨]

[sɨk̚˦˥ man˨˩˨]


thay thế

thay + thế, composed of the non-Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese readings of 替, respectively.


thách thức

[tʰajk̟̚˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[tʰat̚˦˧˥ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰat̚˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


thách thức

[tʰajk̟̚˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[tʰat̚˦˧˥ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰat̚˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


khẳng định

[xaŋ˧˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[kʰaŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[xaŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

[xaŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 肯定, from Japanese 肯定 (kōtei).


ghẻ

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰɛːl⁵.
Borrowed from a late form of Old Chinese 疥 (OC *C.kˤr[e][p]-s) (B-S) when the coda *-p already lost but the postcoda *-s was still extant. The Vietic form (whatever stage it was) at the time of borrowing can be reconstructed as roughly *C-kɛːs.


ghẻ

con (classifier)
𤴪 (CJK)
㽻 (CJK)
㾵 (CJK)
𡒬 (CJK)


ghẻ

Nhà có cái máy tính ghẻ thôi, game ghiếc gì.

I only have a trash PC at home, that thing is not gonna be able to handle any game.

(by extension, colloquial) shit; trash; garbage; low-quality; cheap


ghẻ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 繼 (SV: kế).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kế</i>


sắp đặt

[sap̚˧˦ ʔɗat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂap̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[sap̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂap̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]

[sap̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]


bảo hộ

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ho˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ how˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ how˨˩˨]


lèo lái

[lɛw˦˩ laːj˨˩˦]

to steer (a boat, conversation, etc.); to drive; to control


bất hạnh

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ hajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ hɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ han˨˩˨]


tăng viện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 增援, composed of 增 (“to increase”) and 援 (“aid”).

[taŋ˧˧ viən˧˨ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[taŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

(historical, military) to send reinforcements


tăng viện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 僧院, composed of 僧 (“monk”) and 院 (“institute”)

[taŋ˧˧ viən˧˨ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[taŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]


tư cách

[tɨ˧˧ kajk̟̚˧˦]

[tɨ˧˧ kat̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˧˧ kat̚˦˥]


lớn mạnh

[ləːn˧˦ majŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ləːŋ˦˧˥ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ləːŋ˦˥ man˨˩˨]


nói năng

[nɔj˧˦ naŋ˧˧]

[nɔj˨˩˦ naŋ˧˧]

[nɔj˦˥ naŋ˧˧]


đới

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 帶 (“belt; zone”, SV: đái), probably partially to avoid the homophonous đái (“to piss”). Compare giới (dated/rare reading giái) and dái (“testicles”), Phần Lan (“Finland”) and phân (“faeces”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đái</i>

vi-etym-sino

(geography) geographical zone (of the Earth)


tư lệnh

[tɨ˧˧ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ len˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ ləːn˨˩˨]

Cờ tư lệnh


mẫu mực

[məw˦ˀ˥ mɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[məw˧˨ mɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[məw˨˩˦ mɨk̚˨˩˨]


truyền thụ

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰu˧˨ʔ]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰʊw˨˩˨]

to impart; to teach; to transmit (knowledge)


sơ bộ

[səː˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[səː˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

[səː˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]


đón tiếp

[ʔɗɔn˧˦ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˥ tip̚˦˥]


thi hành

[tʰi˧˧ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɪj˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 施行 (shikō, sekō).


nhiệt đới

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəːj˧˦]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəːj˨˩˦]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəːj˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 熱帶 (SV: nhiệt đái).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhiệt đái</i>


thao thao

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧]

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧]

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧]


ruốc

vi-noun

(classifier con (“the shrimps”)) ruốc • (𩽖)

Perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *prhuək, derived from *phɔɔk ~ *pʔɔɔk (“fish-paste”); compare Khmer ប្រហុក (prɑɑhok, “fish-paste”), ផ្អក (phʼɑɑk, “fish-paste”), Mon ဖြံက် (hərɔk, “fish-paste”).


sơ đồ

[səː˧˧ ʔɗo˨˩]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʔɗow˦˩]

[səː˧˧ ʔɗow˦˩]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʔɗow˨˩]

[səː˧˧ ʔɗow˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 疏 (“unskillful; cursory”) and 圖 (“diagram”).


hiện trạng

[hiən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[hiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hiəŋ˨˩˨ ʈaːŋ˨˩˨]


sùng kính

[sʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kïŋ˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kɨn˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kɨn˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kɨn˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kɨn˦˥]

(literary) to venerate; to hold in reverence


sung mãn

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ maːn˦ˀ˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ maːŋ˧˨]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ maːŋ˧˨]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ maːŋ˨˩˦]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ maːŋ˨˩˦]


chứng thư

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ tʰɨ˧˧]

[cɨŋ˦˥ tʰɨ˧˧]


ôn đới

[ʔon˧˧ ʔɗəːj˧˦]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩˦]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ ʔɗəːj˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 溫帶 (SV: ôn đái).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ôn đái</i>


hiệu đính

[hiəw˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˦]

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 校訂 (SV: giáo đính).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giáo đính</i>


bàn mổ

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ mo˧˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ mow˧˨]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ mow˨˩˦]


hết sức

[het̚˧˦ sɨk̚˧˦]

[het̚˦˧˥ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[het̚˦˧˥ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[həːt̚˦˥ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

[həːt̚˦˥ sɨk̚˦˥]

with all one's might
with all one's might

with all one's might, with all one's strength

Nông nghiệp còn hết sức vất vả.

Agriculture was still extremely laborious.


chiêu đãi

[t͡ɕiəw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕiw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨]

[ciw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 招待 (“to entertain”).

to entertain (a guest); to host; to receive; to extend hospitality (to)


cô lập

[ko˧˧ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kow˧˧ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kow˧˧ ləp̚˨˩˨]

to stand in isolation; to isolate or be isolated


cảm phục

[kaːm˧˩ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 感服, composed of 感 (“to be moved”) and 服 (“to be convinced”).

to hold in respect; to admire; to esteem


sử học

[sɨ˧˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[sɨ˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 史學, composed of 史 (“history”) and 學 (“study”).

history (branch of knowledge that studies the past)


tư pháp

[tɨ˧˧ faːp̚˧˦]

[tɨ˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˧˧ faːp̚˦˥]


thân hữu

[tʰən˧˧ hiw˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ hɨw˧˨]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ hɨw˨˩˦]


chức quyền

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦ kwiən˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[cɨk̚˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]


di chúc

[zi˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[jɪj˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jɪj˧˧ cʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


tạo thành

[taːw˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[taːw˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩]


phong kiến

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˧˧ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ kiəŋ˦˥]


thực tại

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ taːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ taːj˨˩˨]


sở đoản

[səː˧˩ ʔɗwaːn˧˩]

[ʂəː˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˨]

[səː˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˦]

[səː˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 所 (“that which is”) and 短 (“short”), perhaps coined based on sở trường. Compare Japanese 短所 (tansho, đoản sở, “weak point”).


hải cẩu

[haːj˨˩˦ kəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海狗, composed of 海 (“sea”) and 狗 (“dog”).


nộp

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 納 (“to hand in; to pay”, SV: nạp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nạp</i>

vi-etym-sino

nộp đơn

nộp học phí

nộp thuế


chuộc

[t͡ɕuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 贖 (“to redeem”, SV: thục).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thục</i>


giao nộp

Dân giao nộp gấu ngựa nặng gần 200 kg cho Trung tâm cứu hộ động vật tại Đồng Nai

2017 December 21, “Tin nóng 24G: Vén màn bí mật phòng khám Trung Quốc (Latest News 24h: Revealing the secret of Chinese clinics) (at 1:00)”, in Tuổi Trẻ, archived from the original on 2017-12-22:

Citizens send a nearly 200 kg black bear to Đồng Nai Animal Rescue Centre


á kim

[ʔaː˧˦ kim˧˧]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ kim˧˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ kim˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-á kim.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞 (“sub-”) and 金 (“metal”), equivalent to á- (“semi-; demi-”) + kim.


hòm

→ Tai Dam: ꪭꪮꪣ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 函 (“case”, SV: hàm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hàm</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Northern Vietnam) trunk; case (especially for storing clothes)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) coffin; casket


tích cực

[tïk̟̚˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨt̚˦˧˥ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨt̚˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

suy nghĩ tích cực

biểu hiện tích cực

positive (favorable, desirable; pessimistic)

tích cực làm việc

with great initiative, energy or enthusiasm; active, proactive, enthusiastic, energetic, vigorous, etc.


bất hiếu

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ hiəw˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ hiw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ hiw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不孝, composed of 不 (“un-”) and 孝 (“filial”), from Chinese 不孝 (bùxiào). Compare Japanese 不孝 (fuk(y)ō) and Korean 불효 (bulhyo).

(derogatory) unfilial (disrespectful of the duties and attitudes of a son or daughter toward their parents)


nhập khẩu

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ xəw˧˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰəw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ xəw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ xəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 入口, Chinese 入口 (rùkǒu), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 入口 (iriguchi, “entrance”).


hoè

Styphnolobium japonicum
Styphnolobium japonicum#Translingual

Chinese scholar tree (Styphnolobium japonicum)


dĩ nhiên

[zi˦ˀ˥ ɲiən˧˧]

[jɪj˧˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˨˩˦ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 已然, composed of 已 and 然.


chết não

[t͡ɕet̚˧˦ naːw˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕet̚˦˧˥ naːw˧˨]

[cəːt̚˦˥ naːw˨˩˦]


tầng ôzôn

[təŋ˨˩ ʔo˧˧ zon˧˧]

[təŋ˦˩ ʔow˧˧ zon˧˧]

[təŋ˦˩ ʔow˧˧ jon˧˧]

[təŋ˨˩ ʔow˧˧ zon˧˧]

[təŋ˨˩ ʔow˧˧ jon˧˧]


cáp quang

[kaːp̚˧˦ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]


hến

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蜆 (“Corbiculidae”, SV: hiện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hiện</i>

vi-etym-sino

hến xào


thực chất

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ cək̚˦˥]


thực chất

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ cək̚˦˥]


dải

From Middle Vietnamese dĕải, a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 帶 (SV: đái). Compare giải (“award (ribbon)”).

dải băng

dải đất

dải Ga-da


bi-a

[ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

(games) billiards; cue sports (generally, but often snooker)


sở trường

[səː˧˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʂəː˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[səː˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

[səː˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 所長, composed of 所 (“that which is”) and 長 (“long”), from Chinese 所長／所长. Compare Mandarin 所長／所长 (suǒcháng, sở trường, “forte”) and Japanese 長所 (chōsho, trường sở, “strong point”). Doublet of sở trưởng.


sản nghiệp

[saːn˧˩ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˧˨ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˧˨ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˨˩˦ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˨˩˦ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-sản nghiệp.wav


vi-rút

[vi˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


nhan sắc

[ɲaːn˧˧ sak̚˧˦]

[ɲaːŋ˧˧ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaːŋ˧˧ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaːŋ˧˧ ʂak̚˦˥]

[ɲaːŋ˧˧ sak̚˦˥]


cổ phiếu

(finance) a single share/stock issued to prospective investors


phong bì

tờ (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
cái (classifier)

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓi˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ ʔɓɪj˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 封皮, composed of 封 (“to enclose; envelope”) and 皮 (“cover”).

vi-etym-sino

(informal) money as bribery, gift or payment (contained in an envelope); monetary transactions


năn ngọt

[nan˧˧ ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨]


moóc

Borrowed from French morse, from Russian морж (morž), from Northern Sami.


pháp

(only in compounds) rule; law; standard; method


tẩu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斗 (SV: đẩu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đẩu</i>


tuyên bố

[twiən˧˧ ʔɓo˧˦]

[twiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˦˥]

Tổng thống Mỹ [George W.] Bush hôm qua tuyên bố Saddam Hussein không có vũ khí huỷ diệt hàng loạt khi Mỹ tấn công đất nước vùng Vịnh này. Tuyên bố của ông cho rằng trách nhiệm thuộc về các cơ quan tình báo Mỹ.

2004 October 8, Ngọc Sơn, “Bush thừa nhận Iraq không có vũ khí huỷ diệt [Bush admitted that Iraq did not have weapons of [mass] destruction]”, in VnExpress:

Yesterday [7 October 2004], U.S. President [George W.] Bush declared that Saddam Hussein did not have weapons of mass destruction when the U.S. attacked this Gulf country. His declaration placed responsibility on the U.S. intelligence agencies.

Thảo sải bước đến bàn học của Châu, cầm tay nó lôi ra trước mặt Minh.
Hai người con gái đối diện với Minh, một người xinh đẹp đến đáng sợ, một người học giỏi đến đáng sợ. Thảo mạnh mồm tuyên bố:
- Tao và Châu có rất nhiều điểm khác nhau. Nó thích mày… còn tao thì không.

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, “Chương 15: Nó thích mày [Chapter 15: She Likes You]”, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

Thảo strode to Châu's desk and dragged her toward Minh.
Two girls were standing in front of Minh, one scarily beautiful, one scarily studious. Thảo boldly declared, "There are many differences between me and Châu. She likes you… I don't."


tuyên bố

[twiən˧˧ ʔɓo˧˦]

[twiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˦˥]

Tổng thống Mỹ Bush hôm qua tuyên bố Saddam Hussein không có vũ khí huỷ diệt hàng loạt khi Mỹ tấn công đất nước vùng Vịnh này. Tuyên bố của ông cho rằng trách nhiệm thuộc về các cơ quan tình báo Mỹ.

Yesterday, U.S. President Bush declared that Saddam Hussein did not have weapons of mass destruction when the U.S. attacked this Gulf country. His declaration placed responsibility on the U.S. intelligence agencies.


muôn thú

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˦˥]

Misconstruction of muông thú, due to muôn (“all; pan-”).


nghĩa bóng

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦]

[ŋiə˧˨ ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ŋiə˧˨ ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥]

nghĩa (“meaning”) + bóng (“shiny; polished”)


nghĩa đen

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ŋiə˧˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


niễng

Manchurian wild rice
Manchurian wild rice

Zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia#Translingual

Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)


chim muông

[t͡ɕim˧˧ muəŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ muəŋ˧˧]

From chim (“bird”) + muông (“quadruped”, fossil word).


muông thú

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰu˧˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-muông thú.wav

From muông (“beast”, fossil word) + thú (“beast”). The use of synonymous elements conveys genericity or plurality. Compare xe cộ, rừng rú.


thung

Tetrameles nudiflora, a large tree, native to much of tropical and subtropical Asia.

(literary) Clipping of thung lũng (“valley”).


hốt

Trên chiếc ghế tréo kê ở phía hữu, ông chánh chủ khảo với chiếc mũ cánh chuồn đương ôm cây hốt ở ngực, […]

1939, Ngô Tất Tố, chapter 19, in Lều chõng:

On the folding chair on the right, the chief examiner, with the dragonfly-winged hat on his head, was holding a hù next to his chest, […]


cầm thú

[kəm˨˩ tʰu˧˦]

[kəm˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[kəm˨˩ tʰʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽獸, composed of 禽 (“bird”) and 獸 (“beast”)


cầm thú

[kəm˨˩ tʰu˧˦]

[kəm˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[kəm˨˩ tʰʊw˦˥]

Đồ cầm thú!


da thuộc

[zaː˧˧ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaː˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaː˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


ghệ

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial, often disrespectful) girlfriend; girl


bùi nhùi

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ɲuj˨˩]

[ʔɓuj˦˩ ɲuj˦˩]

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ɲuj˨˩]


an lành

[ʔaːn˧˧ lajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ lɛɲ˦˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ lan˨˩]


mập mạp

[məp̚˧˨ʔ maːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[məp̚˨˩ʔ maːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[məp̚˨˩˨ maːp̚˨˩˨]


hễ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 係 (SV: hệ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hệ</i>


hắt hủi

to treat badly; to neglect; to spurn; to reject


vằng vặc

[vaŋ˨˩ vak̚˧˨ʔ]

[vaŋ˦˩ vak̚˨˩ʔ]

[vaŋ˨˩ vak̚˨˩˨]

[jaŋ˨˩ jak̚˨˩˨]


thầy bói

[tʰəj˨˩ ʔɓɔj˧˦]

[tʰəj˦˩ ʔɓɔj˨˩˦]

[tʰəj˨˩ ʔɓɔj˦˥]


xem bói

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˧˦]

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˨˩˦]

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˦˥]


nhậu nhẹt

[ɲəw˧˨ʔ ɲɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəw˨˩ʔ ɲɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəw˨˩˨ ɲɛk̚˨˩˨]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to drink hard; to booze; to carouse


thích thú

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ tʰu˧˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ tʰʊw˦˥]

thích + thú. Sino-Vietnamese word from 適 and 趣.


ốc bươu

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɓiəw˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɨəw˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɓɨəw˧˧]


xinh xắn

[sïŋ˧˧ san˧˦]

[sɨn˧˧ saŋ˦˧˥]

[sɨn˧˧ saŋ˦˥]


biết ơn

[ʔɓiət̚˧˦ ʔəːn˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˦˥ ʔəːŋ˧˧]


chè trôi nước

[t͡ɕɛ˨˩ t͡ɕoj˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛ˦˩ ʈoj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[cɛ˨˩ ʈoj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥]


tài cán

[taːj˦˩ kaːŋ˦˧˥]

[taːj˨˩ kaːŋ˦˥]


thành tích

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[tʰan˨˩ tɨt̚˦˥]

achievement; attainment; (academic) results


sự việc

[sɨ˧˨ʔ viək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩ʔ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˨˩ʔ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩˨ viək̚˨˩˨]

[sɨ˨˩˨ jiək̚˨˩˨]

sự (“abstract thing”) + việc (“affair”).

phản ánh sự việc với chính quyền

an intangible thing, such as an affair, a happening or an occurrence


hân hạnh

[hən˧˧ hajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[həŋ˧˧ hɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[həŋ˧˧ han˨˩˨]


hữu dụng

[hiw˦ˀ˥ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[hɨw˧˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[hɨw˨˩˦ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


Giàng

Likely from a language in Vietnam's Central Highlands, compare Bahnar yang (“spirits, nonhuman beings”), Koho yang (“spirits”), Pacoh yang (“spirits”). Ultimately Austronesian (through Chamic), compare Malay hiang/yang.


phật thủ

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)

[fət̚˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[fək̚˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 佛手, composed of 佛 (“Buddha”) and 手 (“hand”).


bự

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bự.wav

(of skin on the face, etc.) covered (with something); filled (with); thick (with)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) big (in size or importance); great; influential


tham nhũng

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

tham (as in tham ô) + nhũng (as in nhũng nhiễu). Sino-Vietnamese word from 貪冗 (“corruption”).

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tham ô</i>

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhũng nhiễu</i>

vi-etym-sino

chống tham nhũng


bản gốc

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ ɣəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ ɣəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ ɣəwk͡p̚˦˥]


tê thấp

[te˧˧ tʰəp̚˧˦]

[tej˧˧ tʰəp̚˦˧˥]

[tej˧˧ tʰəp̚˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 痺濕 (“rheumatism”, SV: tí thấp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tí thấp</i>

vi-etym-sino

rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

(bệnh ~) (pathology) rheumatism; rheumatoid arthritis


xuất sắc

[swək̚˦˧˥ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[swək̚˦˧˥ sak̚˦˧˥]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ʂak̚˦˥]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ sak̚˦˥]

tốt nghiệp loại xuất sắc

(education, of a student or their achievements) "excellent", above giỏi (“good”), khá (“decent”), trung bình (“average”), yếu (“poor”) and kém (“terrible”)


bất chợt

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ t͡ɕəːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕəːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ cəːk̚˨˩˨]

bất (不) + chợt.
The morpheme bất (不) here is used as an emphatic particle, not a negator. See similar usage in bất thình lình, bất quá.


hôn hít

[hoŋ˧˧ hit̚˦˧˥]

[hoŋ˧˧ hɨt̚˦˥]


nước sôi

[nɨək̚˧˦ soj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʂoj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ soj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ʂoj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ soj˧˧]

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see nước, sôi.


nước sôi

[nɨək̚˧˦ soj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʂoj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ soj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ʂoj˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ soj˧˧]

(idiomatic, Southern Vietnam) out of my way, coming through, make way


vời

(archaic or literary) to summon; to convoke


viêm khớp dạng thấp

[viəm˧˧ xəːp̚˧˦ zaːŋ˧˨ʔ tʰəp̚˧˦]

[viəm˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰəp̚˦˧˥]

[viəm˧˧ xəːp̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰəp̚˦˧˥]

[vim˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˥ jaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰəp̚˦˥]

[jim˧˧ xəːp̚˦˥ jaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰəp̚˦˥]

viêm khớp (“arthritis”) + dạng (“form; -oid”) + thấp (“rheumatism”).

com

(bệnh ~) (pathology) rheumatoid arthritis


viêm xương khớp

[viəm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧ xəːp̚˧˦]

[viəm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˧˥]

[viəm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧ xəːp̚˦˧˥]

[vim˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˥]

[jim˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧ xəːp̚˦˥]


Quả Đất

[kwaː˧˩ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[kwaː˧˨ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[waː˨˩˦ ʔɗək̚˦˥]


diếp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 葉. Doublet of diệp.


luồng

luồng người nhập cư

nạo vét luồng biển

vi xử lí có 8 nhân và 16 luồng, có thể ép xung

an overclockable CPU with 8 cores and 16 threads


thống đốc

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˦˥]


nghệ danh

[ŋe˧˨ʔ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ jɛɲ˧˧]


rau chân vịt

[zaw˧˧ t͡ɕən˧˧ vit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐaw˧˧ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ vit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ cəŋ˧˧ vɨt̚˨˩˨]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ cəŋ˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]


tiểu phẩm

[tiw˨˩˦ fəm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小品, composed of 小 (“small”) and 品 (“item”).

vi-etym-sino

tiểu phẩm hài


loa kèn

[lwaː˧˧ kɛŋ˦˩]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧ kɛŋ˨˩]


diếp cá

[ziəp̚˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[jiəp̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

Houttuynia cordata
Houttuynia cordata#Translingual


bò cạp

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ kaːp̚˨˩˨]


bò cạp

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ kaːp̚˨˩˨]

(Southern Vietnam) shivering (from cold with teeth clattering); trembling


múi giờ

[muj˧˦ zəː˨˩]

[muj˨˩˦ jəː˦˩]

[muj˦˥ jəː˨˩]

Khác múi giờ có thể ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng cuộc họp.

Different time zones might affect the quality of the meeting.


hội đồng

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

hội đồng nhân dân

hội đồng quản trị

Hội đồng Anh

Hội đồng Bảo an Liên hợp quốc


hội đồng

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

(colloquial, slang) Clipping of đánh hội đồng (“to gang up on”).


hoa mười giờ

[hwaː˧˧ mɨəj˨˩ zəː˨˩]

[hwaː˧˧ mɨj˦˩ jəː˦˩]

[waː˧˧ mɨj˨˩ jəː˨˩]

hoa + mười + giờ, literally "ten o'clock flower".


tú cầu

[tʊw˨˩˦ kəw˦˩]

[tʊw˦˥ kəw˨˩]


mã đề

[maː˦ˀ˥ ʔɗe˨˩]

[maː˧˨ ʔɗej˦˩]

[maː˨˩˦ ʔɗej˨˩]

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


cán bộ

[kaːn˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[kaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[kaːŋ˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 幹部 (kanbu, “cadre”).

làm cán bộ

to be a government employee; to work for the government


cán bộ

[kaːn˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[kaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[kaːŋ˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

(especially by prisoners) you, a government employee


hoa liễu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 花柳, composed of 花 (“flower”) and 柳 (“willow”), from Chinese 花柳 (huāliǔ, “red of flowers and green of willows; beauty; courtesan; brothel”), from Chinese 花柳病 (huāliǔbìng, “venereal disease”).

der

bệnh hoa liễu

(pathology) venereal; sexually transmitted


ghẹ

swimming crab (of the family Portunidae)


ghẹ

to sponge (something from someone); to do at the expense of others


ghẹ

(slang) Alternative form of ghệ (“girlfriend”)


hướng dương

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)

[hɨəŋ˧˦ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˦˧˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 向陽 (“to orient toward the sun”). Compare Chinese 向日葵 (hướng nhật quỳ, literally “sun-oriented flower”).


óc chó

[ʔawk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[ʔawk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[ʔawk͡p̚˦˥ cɔ˦˥]


óc chó

[ʔawk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[ʔawk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[ʔawk͡p̚˦˥ cɔ˦˥]

Mày là thằng óc chó!
You oaf!


ròng rọc

[ʐawŋ͡m˦˩ ʐawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʐɔŋ˦˩ ʐawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹawŋ͡m˨˩ ɹawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

From earlier rọc rọc, a reduplicated form of *rọc, from Old Chinese 轆 (OC *roːɡ, “pulley”). Cognate with Thai รอก (rɔ̂ɔk), Khmer រ៉ក (rɑɑk), Mon ရံက်. For a similar case of reduplication, compare nòng nọc.


trym

(Internet slang, minced oath) Alternative spelling of chim (“penis, dick”)


củ ấu

[ku˧˩ ʔəw˧˦]

[kʊw˧˨ ʔəw˨˩˦]

[kʊw˨˩˦ ʔəw˦˥]


đuổi

head

対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛

đuổi • (対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛)

vi-verb

対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛

đuổi • (対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛)

対 (CJK)
𨒻 (CJK)
𨘗 (CJK)
𨆷 (CJK)
𧻐 (CJK)
𨆏 (CJK)
𬩛 (CJK)

đuổi học

to expel (from an educational institution)

đuổi việc

to kick out, to chivy, to expel, to drive out


trắc trở

[t͡ɕak̚˧˦ t͡ɕəː˧˩]

[ʈak̚˦˧˥ ʈəː˧˨]

[ʈak̚˦˥ ʈəː˨˩˦]


chững chạc

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˨ t͡ɕaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[cɨŋ˨˩˦ caːk̚˨˩˨]


nhờn

nhờn thuốc

to be unaffected by a drug/medicine due to excess use

to behave with familiarity; to behave in a cheeky or disrespectful manner due to familiarity; to take liberties (with)


huệ

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
蕙 (CJK)


nhà cầu

[ɲaː˨˩ kəw˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ kəw˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ kəw˨˩]

nhà (“house”) + cầu (“bridge, latrine”).


lờn

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of nhờn


viêm khớp

[viəm˧˧ xəːp̚˧˦]

[viəm˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˧˥]

[viəm˧˧ xəːp̚˦˧˥]

[vim˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˥]

[jim˧˧ xəːp̚˦˥]


ngưu bàng

[ŋiw˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋɨw˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋɨw˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 牛蒡 (SV: ngưu bảng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngưu bảng</i>

vi-etym-sino

Arctium lappa
Arctium lappa#Translingual


dương đào

[zɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˦˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩]


đắm đuối

[ʔɗam˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[ʔɗam˦˧˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗam˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]

to be completely spellbound (by love etc.); to be over head and ears; to be captivated


đậu Hà Lan

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ haː˨˩ laːn˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ haː˦˩ laːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ haː˨˩ laːŋ˧˧]

đậu (“bean”) + Hà Lan (“Netherlands”). Compare Chinese 荷蘭豆／荷兰豆 (hélándòu).

zh-l

荷蘭豆／荷兰豆 (hélándòu)


ngang bướng

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨəŋ˧˦]

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨəŋ˦˥]


mai mối

mai + mối, both are non-Sino-Vietnamese readings of Chinese 媒 (“matchmaker”, SV: môi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">môi</i>


su hào

[ʂʊw˧˧ haːw˦˩]

[ʂʊw˧˧ haːw˨˩]


vặt

ăn vặt

chuyện vặt

tên trộm vặt


vặt

vặt lông gà


chung cư

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

Corrupted form of chúng cư (眾居, “to live as a group”), under the influence of chung (“general; common”).


đòi hỏi

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˧˩]

[ʔɗɔj˦˩ hɔj˧˨]

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˨˩˦]


đòi hỏi

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˧˩]

[ʔɗɔj˦˩ hɔj˧˨]

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˨˩˦]


gạt

gạt giò

to level off; to scrape off (said of cereals)

(Southern Vietnam) to give security for (debt)


gạt

(Southern Vietnam) to dupe; to trick; to cheat


chắc như đinh đóng cột

[t͡ɕak̚˧˦ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˧ ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˦ kot̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕak̚˦˧˥ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˧˥ kok̚˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕak̚˦˧˥ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥ kok̚˨˩ʔ]

[cak̚˦˥ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˥ kok̚˨˩˨]

(literal) firmly like how a nail is hammered deeply into a column

(figurative) positively; without doubt; without a doubt; undoubtedly


bí ngòi

[ʔɓi˧˦ ŋɔj˨˩]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˦ ŋɔj˦˩]

[ʔɓɪj˦˥ ŋɔj˨˩]


越共

chữ Hán form of Việt Cộng (“Communist Vietnam”).


義莊

chữ Hán form of nghĩa trang (“graveyard”).


rượt

head

rượt • (趠, 𧺕, 𫑓)

vi-verb

rượt • (趠, 𧺕, 𫑓)


cá tràu

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕaw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈaw˦˩]


cá lóc

[kaː˨˩˦ lawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

cá lóc nướng trui


thì thào

head

thì thào (reduplication thì thà thì thào)

[tʰi˨˩ tʰaːw˨˩]

[tʰɪj˦˩ tʰaːw˦˩]

[tʰɪj˨˩ tʰaːw˨˩]

Hắn còn thì thào mấy câu gì nữa, nhưng tôi không nghe được.

He whispered several more sentences, but I couldn't hear him.


cá chuối

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕuəj˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕuj˨˩˦]

From cá (“fish”) + chuối (“banana”), literally “banana fish”, because of the shape.


bác bẻ

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ʔɓɛ˧˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦]

Không biết lão Ba Ngù nói vậy có đúng không, nhưng chẳng thấy ai bác bẻ lại lão.

I didn't know if what Mr Ba Ngù had told was true, but it seemed no-one contradicted him.


bưng

- Bưng cháo ra đây, chú em? - tiếng con gián điệp gọi lên lanh lảnh, khiến tôi nổi gai ốc khắp người.

"Bring us the congee, will you?" the spy's voice called loudly, giving me goosebumps all over.


越語

chữ Hán form of Việt ngữ (“Vietnamese language”).


biếu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 俵 (SV: biểu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biểu</i>

vi-etym-sino

to cordially give (a present, usually to someone of higher status)


biếu

Eye dialect spelling of bướu, representing Northern Vietnam Vietnamese.


rùm beng

[zum˨˩ ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

[ʐum˦˩ ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

[ɹʊm˨˩ ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

Borrowed from Khmer រំពង (rumpông, “loud; tumultuous”).

bor

(colloquial) ballyhooed; uproarious; loud


sâu sắc

[ʂəw˧˧ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[səw˧˧ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʂak̚˦˥]

(of idea, notion, influence, etc.) deep; profound


cùi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cùi.wav


cùi

Cognate with Chut [Rục] kuːl² ("cob of corn").

parts of the fruit, include the core and/or the flesh


cùi

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) of low quality


hĩm

(dated or dialectal, Central Vietnam, colloquial) baby girl; little girl (as used by a farmer)

(Central Vietnam, colloquial) Name used to call a close farmer friend who has a first-born baby girl.


trung thành

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩]

(of translation etc.) faithful (to the original); precise


chim chóc

[t͡ɕim˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

Sau cơn mưa bầu trời trở nên quang đãng, chim chóc hót líu lo.

After the rain, the sky cleared up and the birds warbled.


chổng kềnh

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˩ kəjŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˨ ken˦˩]

[cəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ kəːn˨˩]

Borrowed from Khmer ចង្គ្រាង (cɑɑcɑngkriəng, “to be flat or to fall on one's back with the limbs up in the air”).

(colloquial) to fall on one's back; to topple or roll over


đính hôn

[ʔɗïŋ˧˦ hon˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˦˧˥ hoŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˦˥ hoŋ˧˧]


sự vật

[sɨ˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨]

[sɨ˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

Dùng who khi nói về người, dùng which khi nói về sự vật, sự việc.

Use "who" for people, and "which" for things.

(formal) a tangible thing, especially a physical object


Bôn sê vích

[ʔɓon˧˧ se˧˧ vïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʔɓoŋ˧˧ ʂej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓoŋ˧˧ sej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓoŋ˧˧ ʂej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˥]

[ʔɓoŋ˧˧ sej˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥]


số liệu

[ʂow˨˩˦ liw˨˩ʔ]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số hiệu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 數 (“number”) and 料 (“material; data”).

vi-etym-sino

data (in the form of numbers); figures; facts


xưa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 初 (“a long time ago; original”, SV: sơ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sơ</i>


khổ sở

[xo˧˩ səː˧˩]

[kʰow˧˨ ʂəː˧˨]

[xow˧˨ səː˧˨]

[kʰow˨˩˦ ʂəː˨˩˦]

[xow˨˩˦ səː˨˩˦]


phảng phất

[faːŋ˧˩ fət̚˧˦]

[faːŋ˧˨ fək̚˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ fək̚˦˥]

to seem to be; to bear a slight resemblance to


thích nghi

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ ŋi˧˧]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ ŋɪj˧˧]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ ŋɪj˧˧]

Loài xâm lấn là những loài giỏi thích nghi với môi trường sống phi bản địa.

Invasive species are those highly adaptive to non-native environments.

to adapt (to); to adjust (to); to accustom (to)


khuất

(limited usage, usually said of wind, sunlight, etc.) to be absent

limited usage; sunlight; limited usage; sunlight

(formal, literary) to have passed away; to be gone


khuất

(rare, usually in the negative) Synonym of khuất phục (“to submit; to yield”)


bình thản

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ tʰaːn˧˩]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ tʰaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ tʰaːŋ˨˩˦]


bồi hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 徘徊 (“to loiter about; to hesitate”).


khai tâm

[kʰaːj˧˧ təm˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˧ təm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 開心, composed of 開 (“to open; to enlighten”) and 心 (“heart; mind”).

to begin teaching the alphabet (to children)


nhật trình

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ ʈɨn˦˩]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ ʈɨn˨˩]

(dated, rare) Synonym of nhật báo (“daily newspaper”)


thập phân

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ fən˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ fəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ fəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thập phân.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 十分, composed of 十 (“ten”) and 分 (“part”).

hệ (đếm) thập phân

số thập phân

phần thập phân


lơ xê mi

[ləː˧˧ se˧˧ mi˧˧]

[ləː˧˧ sej˧˧ mɪj˧˧]

[ləː˧˧ sej˧˧ mɪj˧˧]


hơi bị

[həːj˧˧ ʔɓi˧˨ʔ]

[həːj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ]

[həːj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˨˩˨]

Phim hơi bị hay đó!

Thằng đó hơi bị ngu.

(before adjectives, Southern Vietnam, informal) mighty; damn; freaking; frigging; compare English quite which means both "fairly" and "very"


ngày xửa ngày xưa

[ŋaj˨˩ sɨə˧˩ ŋaj˨˩ sɨə˧˧]

[ŋaj˦˩ sɨə˧˨ ŋaj˦˩ sɨə˧˧]

[ŋa(ː)j˨˩ sɨə˨˩˦ ŋa(ː)j˨˩ sɨə˧˧]

Từ láy formation of ngày xưa (“time immemorial; in ancient times; in feudal times; long ago; ye olden days; back in the day”). Compare the similar năm nảo năm nào.

once upon a time
once upon a time#English

(narratology) long ago; once upon a time


hầm bà lằng

[həm˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ laŋ˨˩]

[həm˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩ laŋ˦˩]

[həm˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ laŋ˨˩]

Perhaps from a variant of Cantonese 冚唪唥, with a form of ham-ba-lang.

hodgepodge-like; mixed; mingled; miscellaneous


đại lí

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

Sản phẩm có bạn tại các đại lí trên toàn quốc.

This product is sold by our retailers nationwide.

a retail store that sells products of a particular brand that it is affiliated with, especially one with that brand's branding on its signage; such store could be either in affiliation with (in which case its owner can sell other brands' products) or under exclusive ownership of the brand


mì chính

[mi˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[mɪj˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[mɪj˨˩ cɨn˦˥]

Borrowed from Cantonese 味精 (mei⁶ zing¹), from a genericized trademark of Tien Chu Ve-Tsin food company. The "味精" trademark itself ultimately comes from Japanese 味(み)精(せい) (misei). Doublet of vị tinh.

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) monosodium glutamate


lạng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 兩 (SV: lượng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lượng</i>

vi-etym-sino

tael (unit of weight equal to 37.8 grams)


常川

chữ Hán form of thường xuyên (“regular, constant”).


nước hoa

[nɨək̚˧˦ hwaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ hwaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ waː˧˧]


sát thủ

[saːt̚˧˦ tʰu˧˩]

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˨]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˨]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[saːk̚˦˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]


kệ

kệ sách


nặn

to squeeze for fluid to come out, especially to pop pimples


âm ấm

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔəm˧˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔəm˦˧˥]

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔəm˦˥]


khuất phục

[xwət̚˧˦ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[xwək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


nho nhỏ

[ɲɔ˧˧ ɲɔ˨˩˦]


cỏn con

[kɔn˧˩ kɔn˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˨ kɔŋ˧˧]

[kɔŋ˨˩˦ kɔŋ˧˧]

smallest; tiniest; insignificant; trivial


bổi hổi

[ʔɓoj˨˩˦ hoj˨˩˦]

(colloquial) Synonym of bồi hồi, but with a stronger feel.


lạnh lẽo

[lajŋ̟˧˨ʔ lɛw˦ˀ˥]

[lɛɲ˨˩ʔ lɛw˧˨]

[lan˨˩˨ lɛw˨˩˦]


sát sạt

[saːt̚˧˦ saːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ ʂaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ saːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ ʂaːk̚˨˩˨]

[saːk̚˦˥ saːk̚˨˩˨]


lộn xộn

[loŋ˨˩ʔ soŋ˨˩ʔ]

[loŋ˨˩˨ soŋ˨˩˨]


lạnh lùng

[lajŋ̟˧˨ʔ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[lɛɲ˨˩ʔ lʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[lan˨˩˨ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(literary, of the weather) that's cold and causes melancholy

cái nhìn / ánh mắt lạnh lùng


con hoang

[kɔn˧˧ hwaːŋ˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˧ hwaːŋ˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

(informal) a person who was born out of wedlock; a bastard


dịch vụ

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ vu˧˨ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ vʊw˨˩ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ vʊw˨˩˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ jʊw˨˩˨]

(các ngành) công nghiệp và dịch vụ

industry and services; the industrial and service sectors


che chắn

[t͡ɕɛ˧˧ t͡ɕan˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛ˧˧ t͡ɕaŋ˦˧˥]

[cɛ˧˧ caŋ˦˥]


luật lệ

[lwət̚˧˨ʔ le˧˨ʔ]

[lwək̚˨˩ʔ lej˨˩ʔ]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ lej˨˩˨]


chó sói đất

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ sɔj˧˦ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ ʂɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ sɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[cɔ˦˥ ʂɔj˦˥ ʔɗək̚˦˥]

[cɔ˦˥ sɔj˦˥ ʔɗək̚˦˥]