Hoa Thịnh Đốn

[hwaː˧˧ tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗon˧˦]

[hwaː˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩ʔ ʔɗoŋ˦˧˥]

[waː˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩˨ ʔɗoŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hoa Thịnh Đốn.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 華盛頓. Compare Cantonese 華盛頓／华盛顿 (waa⁴ sing⁶ deon⁶).

Ngày 24 tháng 12 năm 1799 ông Hoa-thịnh-Đốn mất.

20th century, Ngô Đức Kế, “Truyện Hoa-Thịnh-Đốn [Washington]”, in Đông-Tây vĩ-nhân, volume 2, page 51:

On December 24, 1799, Washington passed away.

Cả thế-giới cũng biết rằng người nước Pháp vẫn có cảm-tình riêng với tổ-quốc ông Hoa-thịnh-đốn.

1917 July, Phạm Quỳnh, “Thời-đàm”, in Nam Phong tạp chí (Việc nhớn thế-giới), volume 1, number 1, page 65:

The whole world knew that the French had a special sympathy for Washington's homeland.

Song có lẽ vì tôi không cùng lứa tuổi với chị, cũng chưa bao giờ bị chị ta làm cho đắm đuối, cho nên mới quên bẵng đi. Nhưng cái “com-pa” kia lấy làm bất bình lắm, tỏ vẻ khinh bỉ, cười kháy tôi như cười kháy một người Pháp không biết đến Nã Phá Luân, một người Mỹ không biết đến Hoa Thịnh Đốn gì vậy!

2012 [1921], 鲁迅 [Lu Xun], translated by Trương Chính, Cố hương [Hometown], translation of 故鄉 (in Chinese):

But maybe because I was not of her age and had never been infatuated by her, I had kind of forgotten about her. But the [compass-shaped woman] was not amused at all; she smirked at me like you would at a French person ignorant of Napoleon or at an American ignorant of Washington!

(obsolete) George Washington (first president of the US)

Chúng tôi hy-vọng sẽ gặp được Chị vào cuối tháng 7 năm nay tại Thủ-đô Hoa-Thịnh-Đốn.

1982 May 1, Lê-Hoàng-Ân, “Kính gởi Bà Lê-Thị-Anh”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Hội Tranh Đấu cho Nhân Quyền tại Việt Nam:

We are looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D.C., at the end of this coming July.

Chuyện bầu cử ở Mỹ đã xong nhưng còn nhiều chuyện khác về chính trị nước Mỹ mà người Việt chúng ta cần suy nghĩ và bàn luận, trong đó việc lá cờ Việt Nam Cộng Hòa còn gọi là cờ Vàng đã xuất hiện trong cuộc biểu tình tại thủ đô Hoa Thịnh Đốn ngày 6/1/2021 vừa qua.

2021 January 23, Nguyễn Quang Duy, “Quanh Chuyện Cờ Việt Nam Cộng Hòa Trong Bão Tố Chính Trị Hoa Kỳ [About the Issue of the Republic of Vietnam Flag in an American Political Storm]”, in Việt Báo, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2021-02-22:

The election is over in America, but there are still plenty of other issues in American politics for us Vietnamese to think about and debate, including the appearance of the Republic of Vietnam flag, also known as the Yellow Flag, in a protest at the capital city Washington this past January 6, 2021.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

(dated) Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)

Eileen Wilkinson, 100 tuổi, sống tại tiểu bang Hoa Thịnh Đốn.

2017 October 21, “Cụ bà 100 tuổi mở ‘văn phòng’ chuyên cho lời khuyên [100-year-old woman opens an 'office' specializing in giving advice]”, in Nam Phố, transl., Calitoday, San Jose, California, archived from the original on 2021-02-10:

Eileen Wilkinson, 100, lives in Washington State.

(dated) Washington (a state of the United States)

(dated, figuratively, metonymically) Washington (federal government or administrative authority of the United States)


無線傳形

vô tuyến truyền hình
vô tuyến truyền hình#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of vô tuyến truyền hình (“television”).


xe cúp

[sɛ˧˧ kup̚˧˦]

[sɛ˧˧ kup̚˦˧˥]

[sɛ˧˧ kʊp̚˦˥]


Phú Sĩ

[fʊw˨˩˦ ʂɪj˧˨]

[fʊw˨˩˦ sɪj˧˨]

[fʊw˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[fʊw˦˥ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 富士, from Japanese 富士 (Fuji).

núi Phú Sĩ


bánh vòng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ vawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ vawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ vɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ vawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ jawŋ͡m˨˩]

bánh + vòng (“circle, ring”). Compare Korean 가락지빵 (garakjippang).


váy

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𧚟 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-váy.wav


cúp

(colloquial, dialectal, Southern Vietnam) to cease to provide (electricity or water supply)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(colloquial, dialectal, Southern Vietnam, electrical engineering) to switch off (a breaker or fuse)


Cam-pu-chia

[kaːm˧˧ pu˧˧ t͡ɕiə˧˧]

[kaːm˧˧ pʊw˧˧ t͡ɕiə˧˧]

[kaːm˧˧ pʊw˧˧ ciə˧˧]


đầm

head

đầm • (淫, 潭)

vi-noun

đầm • (淫, 潭)


đầm

(Southern Vietnam) dress (women's garment)


末劫

chữ Hán form of mạt kiếp (“(dated) misery, distress; miserable, distressful”).


tri thức

[t͡ɕi˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ʈɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʈɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 知識, composed of 知 (“knowing”) and 識 (“perception”).


thương hại

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傷害 (“to injure; to hurt”), influenced by thương (“to love”).

to feel sorry for someone; to pity; to show compassion to


mạt kiếp

[maːt̚˧˨ʔ kiəp̚˧˦]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ kip̚˦˥]


mạt kiếp

[maːt̚˧˨ʔ kiəp̚˧˦]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ kip̚˦˥]


hai chấm

[haːj˧˧ t͡ɕəm˧˦]

[haːj˧˧ t͡ɕəm˦˧˥]

hai (“two”) + chấm (“dot, point”), calque of French deux points.


khốn nạn

[kʰoŋ˦˧˥ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[xoŋ˦˧˥ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kʰoŋ˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˨]

[xoŋ˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 困難 (“difficulty; hardship”).
Its semantic development from "difficult; miserable" to "despicable, contemptible, base, vile, etc." parallels that of English wretch.

base; vile; villainous; despicable; contemptible

Cái thân tôi sao mà khốn nạn quá giời ơi!

Good heavens, woe is [to] me! (literally, “Why am I so miserable, o heaven?”)


khốn nạn

[kʰoŋ˦˧˥ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[xoŋ˦˧˥ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kʰoŋ˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˨]

[xoŋ˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˨]

Khốn nạn!

Damned! / Damn me! / Damme! / Damn it! / Damnit! / Damnit!

Đồ khốn nạn!


khốn kiếp

[kʰoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[xoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰoŋ˦˥ kip̚˦˥]


khốn kiếp

[kʰoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[xoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰoŋ˦˥ kip̚˦˥]


khốn kiếp

[kʰoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[xoŋ˦˧˥ kiəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰoŋ˦˥ kip̚˦˥]

Đồ khốn kiếp!


trí mạng

[t͡ɕi˧˦ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ maːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɪj˦˥ maːŋ˨˩˨]

Anh ta chết vì cú ngã trí mạng.

(causing actual death) fatal; lethal; deadly


kính chắn gió

[kïŋ˧˦ t͡ɕan˧˦ zɔ˧˦]

[kɨn˦˧˥ t͡ɕaŋ˦˧˥ jɔ˨˩˦]

[kɨn˦˥ caŋ˦˥ jɔ˦˥]

kính (“glass, mirror”) + chắn gió (“windproof”), probably calque of French pare-brise or English windshield.


bị hại

[ʔɓi˧˨ʔ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˨ haːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 被害 (“to be harmed, to be killed”).


chém gió

[t͡ɕɛm˧˦ zɔ˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛm˦˧˥ jɔ˨˩˦]

[cɛm˦˥ jɔ˦˥]

Cái thằng chỉ giỏi chém gió.

The only thing he is good at is bragging.

(slang) to brag; to boast; to lie to get pride and credit


đoạn đầu đài

head

đoạn đầu đài

vi-noun

đoạn đầu đài

[ʔɗwaːn˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斷頭臺, composed of 斷頭 (“to behead”) and 臺 (“platform”).

vi-etym-sino

Tôi đã không được cùng người bạn hết sức thân ái trong đời nắm tay nhau lên đoạn đầu đài, lại không được lạy trước mộ để tạ cái tội phụ phàng mà nhịn nhục sống còn để mong làm rõ chút ít chí mình, chứ không phải chui vào một xó không làm được gì.

2005, Phan Châu Trinh, Phan Châu Trinh - toàn tập [Phan Châu Trinh's Complete Biography], volume 1, Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng:

I was not able to hold my dearest friend's hand onto the scaffold, nor could I bow to his grave and repent my survivor's guilt that allowed me to fulfil the slightest bit of my purpose and not to useslessly languish in some godforsaken underbelly.

(historical) a scaffold (platform for executions)


quang tử

[kwaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 光子, composed of 光 (“light”) and 子 (“small thing”).


滔滔不絕

thao thao bất tuyệt
thao thao bất tuyệt#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of thao thao bất tuyệt (“(of speech) endless, talking nineteen to the dozen”).


亡國

chữ Hán form of vong quốc (“to lose one's country; to perish (of a state)”).


địa cầu

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地球, composed of 地 (“earth”) and 球 (“ball”).

Alternative letter-case form of Địa Cầu (“Earth”)


thú ăn kiến

[tʰu˧˦ ʔan˧˧ kiən˧˦]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ ʔaŋ˧˧ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˦˥ ʔaŋ˧˧ kiəŋ˦˥]

thú (“mammal”) + ăn (“to eat”) + kiến (“ant”).


Cộng hoà Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên

head

Cộng hoà Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên • (共和民主人民朝鮮)

共和民主人民朝鮮 (CJK)

[kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩ zən˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩ ɲən˧˧ zən˧˧ t͡ɕiəw˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩ jəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ ʈiw˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩ jəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ ʈiw˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

cộng hoà (“republic”) + dân chủ (“democratic”) + nhân dân (“people”) + Triều Tiên (“Korea”), calque of Korean 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Joseonminjujuuiinmin'gonghwaguk) (in Sino-Korean vocabulary, 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 (Triều Tiên Dân chủ Chủ nghĩa Nhân dân Cộng hoà quốc)).

cal

^조선민주주의인민공화국

Democratic People's Republic of Korea#English

the Democratic People's Republic of Korea


Trái Đất

head

Trái Đất • (𧀞𡐙)

[t͡ɕaːj˧˦ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈaːj˦˥ ʔɗək̚˦˥]

trái (classifier for round objects) + đất (“earth”); also probably a calque of Chinese 地球 (Địa Cầu)

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Địa Cầu</i>

Trên trái đất trụi trần / Không dáng cây ngọn cỏ

1978, Xuân Quỳnh, “Chuyện cổ tích về loài người [The Myth of Humanity]”, in Lời ru trên mặt đất [The Lullaby on the Face of the Earth]:

On the bare earth / There was not a single plant

Trái đất này là của chúng mình. / Vàng, trắng, đen, tuy khác màu da.

(Can we date this quote?), “Trái đất này là của chúng mình [This Earth is Ours]”, Định Hải (lyrics), Trương Quang Lục (music):

This Earth is ours. / Yellow, white, black, we may have different skin colors.

- Tuy nhiên, tôi với bà, chúng ta đang sống chung trong một ngôi nhà : trái đất. Trái đất đích thực là ngôi nhà của chúng ta.

2014, Linh Quân Cao, “Bác sĩ Y-éc-xanh [Dr. Yersin]”, in Tiếng Việt 3 [Vietnamese 3], 10th edition, volume 2, Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam:

"However, you and I, we live together in the same home: the earth. The earth is indeed our home.


vonfam

From French wolfram. The r is ignored in some transcriptions. Compare gam, gram.


natri

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈɪj˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin natrium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


Vác-sa-va

[vaːk̚˧˦ saː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[vaːk̚˦˧˥ ʂaː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[vaːk̚˦˧˥ saː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[vaːk̚˦˥ ʂaː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[jaːk̚˦˥ saː˧˧ jaː˧˧]

Warsaw (a city, the capital city of Poland)


đạm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氮 (“nitrogen”).


bá đạo

[ʔɓaː˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 霸道 (“overbearing”).

Chơi ghêm thì anh là bá đạo!

I'm a damn good video game player! (very few people could beat me)

(slang) very famous in regard to being very good at something


sơ-mi

[səː˧˧ mi˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ mɪj˧˧]

[səː˧˧ mɪj˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ mɪj˧˧]

[səː˧˧ mɪj˧˧]


ma tuý

[maː˧˧ twɪj˨˩˦]

[maː˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 麻醉 (“anesthesia; narcosis”).

Cấm sử dụng ma túy dưới mọi hình thức.

Using narcotics in any form is prohibited.


Than Đá

[tʰaːn˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[tʰaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˥]

than (“coal”) + đá (“rock”), calque of Chinese 石炭 (thạch thán, “coal”), from Chinese 石炭紀／石炭纪 (Thạch Thán kỉ).

cal

(geology, dated) Synonym of Các-bon (“Carboniferous”)


đụ má

[ʔɗu˧˨ʔ maː˧˦]

[ʔɗʊw˨˩ʔ maː˨˩˦]

[ʔɗʊw˨˩˨ maː˦˥]

Đụ má mày!

(Southern Vietnam, vulgar) Used to express displeasure: fuck.

(Southern Vietnam, vulgar) Used to signify a pause or hesitation.


Phấn Trắng

[fən˧˦ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[fəŋ˦˧˥ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˦˥ ʈaŋ˦˥]

phấn (“chalk”) + trắng (“white”), calque of Chinese 白堊／白垩 (bạch ác, “chalk”), from Chinese 白堊紀／白垩纪 (Bạch Ác kỉ).

(geology, dated) Synonym of Crê-ta (“Cretaceous”)


dưỡng khí

[zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ xi˧˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˨ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˨ xɪj˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˨˩˦ kʰɪj˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˨˩˦ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氧氣, composed of 氧 (“oxygen”) and 氣 (“gas”). The Chinese character 氧 (dưỡng) is composed of 气 (khí, chemical radical for "gassy" elements) + 養／养 (dưỡng, “to nurture”), due to the life-sustaining attribute of oxygen.


địt mẹ

[ʔɗit̚˧˨ʔ mɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗit̚˨˩ʔ mɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨ mɛ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-địt mẹ.wav

địt (“to fart; to fuck”) + mẹ (“mother”)

af

Địt mẹ mày!

Thanh niên xóm tôi toàn bọn nghiện, mà làng tôi hễ nghiện thì bán đồ nhà, bán hết thì đi ăn cắp, hễ đi làm tử tế thì sẽ bị dân chê cười rằng “Địt mẹ thằng này điên, nghiện phải đi ăn cắp chứ, làm cái đéo gì cho lại?”.

2023 March 6, Tran A, “Xóm bựa : Anh Tú và môn võ đ*t [The Shithole: Brother Tú and the Art of F*cking]”, in TRUYỆN CƯỜI CÔNG SỞ [FUNNY OFFICE STORIES], page 70:

My neighborhood’s full of young addicts. You know what they do, they sell their belongings, and if those run out, they steal. So if one of them got a legit job, everybody’d make fun of him, “The fuck d’ya think you are? You’re an addict, go steal shit, you can’t work for shit.”

Hồi trưa tao đi chợ, địt mẹ, tao gặp con mụ béo chém giá, địt mẹ, đứt cổ luôn!

So I went to the grocery, a little before noon, y'know, I was shit out of luck enough to meet this fat bitch that charged me, y'know, a fucking fortune!

(Northern Vietnam, vulgar) you know (expression signifying a pause or hesitation)


thán khí

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ xɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ kʰɪj˦˥]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 碳 (“carbon”) and 氣 (“gas”). The Chinese character 碳 (thán) is composed of 石 (thạch, “rock”, chemical radical for "non-gassy" nonmetal elements) + 炭 (thán, “coal”), due to the carbonic makeup of coal. See also than đá (“coal”) and Than Đá (“Carboniferous”) which are from Chinese 石炭 (thạch thán, literally “rocky coal”). Compare Chinese 炭氣／炭气 (thán khí).


Tam Điệp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三疊 (“threefold”), from Chinese 三疊紀／三叠纪 (Tam Điệp kỉ, “Triassic”).

der

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗip̚˨˩˨]

(geology, dated) Synonym of Tri-át (“Triassic”)


Tam Điệp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三疊 (“threefold”), translated from its tên Nôm Ba Dội.

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɗip̚˨˩˨]


áo ba lỗ

[ʔaːw˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ lo˦ˀ˥]

[ʔaːw˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ low˧˨]

[ʔaːw˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ low˨˩˦]

From áo (“shirt”) + ba (“three”) + lỗ (“hole”).


phê

Perhaps from French fée (“fairy; fay”) or French effet (“effect”). Also compare the etymology of cà phê.

phê như con tê tê

(slang) very satisfied (especially by drugs); elated; ecstatic; high


phê

(slang) to be intoxicated (with); to be high (on)


phê

(colloquial) Short for phê bình (“to criticise”).


詞類

chữ Hán form of từ loại (“part of speech”).


ga-lăng

[ɣaː˧˧ laŋ˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ laŋ˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ laŋ˧˧]


đạo Thiên Chúa

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ tʰiən˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ tʰiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ tʰiəŋ˧˧ cuə˦˥]

đạo (“religion”) + Thiên Chúa (“Heavenly Lord”), calque of Chinese 天主教 (Thiên Chủ giáo).

af

Thiên Chúa giáo
Thiên Chúa giáo#Vietnamese


lò vi ba

[lɔ˨˩ vi˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[lɔ˦˩ vɪj˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩ vɪj˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩ jɪj˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

lò ("oven") + Sino-Vietnamese word from 微波 (“microwave”).


kìm

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鉗 (“pincers”, SV: kiềm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kiềm</i>

vi-etym-sino

Lấy cho bố cái kìm với cái cờ-lê.

either pincers, or more popularly, pliers


giao long

[jaːw˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蛟龍 (“jiaolong”).

(obsolete) a legendary aquatic serpent in Vietnamese folklore.


mi-nhon

[mi˧˧ ɲɔn˧˧]

[mɪj˧˧ ɲɔŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˧ ɲɔŋ˧˧]

Nhỏ mới giảm cân giờ nhìn mi-nhon vãi.

Shedding some weight and suddenly she’s a shawty.

Nhìn lại 10 năm hạnh phúc ấy, anh vẫn mong 10 năm tới của chúng mình trọn vẹn và đầy đủ hơn, em yêu à. Trước hết, và trên hết em hãy vừa lòng (hay ít nhất là đừng tỏ ra thất vọng) với ngoại hình của mình: anh vẫn yêu em với thân hình ấy, khuôn mặt ấy. Chúng mình đã qua rồi thời thiếu niên để lo đến chuyện “mi-nhon” với “chân dài”. Với anh, nét đẹp không chỉ nằm trên cơ thể, nét mặt mà bây giờ nằm ở ánh mắt, giọng nói, ở từng miếng cơm, manh áo mà em đã, đang và sẽ mang đến cho gia đình hàng ngày, hàng giờ đấy thôi.

(Can we date this quote?), “Cùng cố gắng cho hạnh phúc 10 năm tiếp theo vợ nhé [Let’s go for another ten happy years, baby!]”, in VnExpress - Tâm sự (tổng hợp hơn 5000 bài viết) [VnExpress: Real Talk (Over 5000 Entries)]:

Looking back at our ten happy years, I still want our next ten will be even more fulfilling, my love. First and foremost, be content with (or at least don’t be disappointed in) your appearance: I still love you with that body and that face. We’re long past our teenage years to be hung up on “petiteness” and “long legs.” To me, beauty isn’t just about the body and face, but now about the eyes, the voice, the food and clothing you have made, is and will be making for our family on a daily basis.

Muốn có một thân hình mi-nhon, bạn nên kết hợp 30 phút tập thể dục mỗi ngày với chế độ ăn uống lành mạnh, hợp lý. Tranh thủ vận động mọi lúc có thể, ví dụ, thay vì đi thang máy, hãy thử leo thang bộ mỗi ngày.

2009 July 15, Huyền Anh, “Bí mật của những cô gái “mi-nhon” [Slim Girls’ Secrets]”, in DÂN TRÍ [PEOPLE’S KNOWLEDGE]:

To achieve a slim figure, you should combine 30-minute exercise every day with a healthy diet. Take every chance to move your muscles, for example, instead of taking the elevator, you can take the stairs every day.

(slang, of a girl or woman) attractively petite


xi-măng

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xi-măng.wav


Gia Tô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 耶穌, from Mandarin 耶穌／耶稣 (Yēsū). This form is a misspelling because it does not follow the sound conversion pattern (to which there are basically no exceptions), Middle Chinese y /j/ → Vietnamese , as applied to every other Sino-Vietnamese syllable such as yæX → , ye → , yuw → , yek → , yang → , etc. Thiều Chửu's dictionary also notes that is more of a popular spelling than a correct one, and lists it as a secondary spelling along with . Nevertheless, is more common than and is even used in history textbooks published by Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam. This is perhaps because the syllable da is usually perceived as non-Sino-Vietnamese (it is homophonous with the native word meaning "skin"), its pronunciation is identical to that of gia in most modern accents, and gia is otherwise perceived as Sino-Vietnamese (in fact, it can only be found in given names and Sino-Vietnamese compounds such as gia vị, gia đình, Gia Định). Other words that suffer this kind of common misspelling include *thiếu gia (thiếu da), *lão gia (lão da), *thái gia (thái da), etc.

(obsolete) Obsolete form of Giê-su (“Jesus”).


đậu hủ

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ hu˧˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ hʊw˧˨]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ hʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 豆腐, composed of 豆 (“bean”) and 腐 (“rotten”). Doublet of đậu phụ, tàu hủ, and tào phớ.


tường

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tường.wav

a wall (structure built for defense surrounding an area)

a wall (substantial structure acting as side or division in a building)


tường

Dân ta phải biết sử ta, / Cho tường gốc tích nước nhà Việt Nam.

1942, Hồ Chí Minh, Lịch sử nước ta, Việt Minh propaganda department:

Our people must know our history, / To understand the origin of the Vietnamese state.


tường

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.


chấn hưng

[t͡ɕən˧˦ hɨŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˦˧˥ hɨŋ˧˧]

[cəŋ˦˥ hɨŋ˧˧]

(transitive) to revitalize; to reinvigorate; to rejuvenate; to revive (especially to make prosperous)


đầu lâu

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ləw˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ ləw˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ləw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頭 (“head”) and 髏, probably corrupted from Chinese 髑髏／髑髅 (độc lâu, “dead skull”).

(colloquial) a skull of a dead vertebrate

hộp sọ

refers to dead or alive skulls, from a scientific point of view


Hồi giáo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回教, composed of 回 (“Hui”) and 教 (“religion”), from Chinese 回教 (Huíjiào, literally “religion of the Hui”).

der

Cộng hoà/Tiểu vương quốc Hồi giáo Áp-ga-ni-xtan

the Islamic Republic/Emirate of Afghanistan


giấy vệ sinh

[zəj˧˦ ve˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧]

[jəj˨˩˦ vej˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧]

[jəj˨˩˦ vej˨˩ʔ sɨn˧˧]

[jəj˦˥ vej˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧]

[jəj˦˥ jej˨˩˨ sɨn˧˧]


斷頭臺

chữ Hán form of đoạn đầu đài (“guillotine”).


vệ sinh

[ve˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧]

[vej˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧]

[vej˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 衛生, composed of 衛 (“to guard”) and 生 (“life”), Japanese 衛生 (eisei).

vi-etym-sino

hợp vệ sinh
hygienic

mất vệ sinh
unhygienic

đi vệ sinh

nhà vệ sinh


cương thi

[kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰi˧˧]

[kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰɪj˧˧]

[kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 殭屍 (“jiangshi”).


xứ sở

[sɨ˧˦ səː˧˩]

[sɨ˨˩˦ ʂəː˧˨]

[sɨ˨˩˦ səː˧˨]

[sɨ˦˥ ʂəː˨˩˦]

[sɨ˦˥ səː˨˩˦]

quê hương xứ sở

Tourloublanc phiêu lưu đến xứ sở màu sắc.

Tourloublanc goes on an adventure to the land of colors.


cá kình

[kaː˧˦ kïŋ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kɨn˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kɨn˨˩]


cá kình

[kaː˧˦ kïŋ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kɨn˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kɨn˨˩]

(dialectal) a species of fish found in Hue, Vietnam


bồng bột

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓot̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓok̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓok̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蓬勃 (“vigorous, flourishing”).

"Tuổi trẻ bồng bột, dễ mắc sai lầm" "Young people are impulsive. It's easy for them to make mistakes"


ông nội

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ noj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ noj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ noj˨˩˨]

Coordinate term: bà nội

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

Thôi dẹp đê ông nội !

Kêu ông nội đó về dùm tui với !

Would you escort His Highness home for me?

(humorous, sarcastic) a sarcastic way of addressing a young boy or man who you're annoyed with


ông ngoại

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


bà ngoại

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


bà nội

[ʔɓaː˨˩ noj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ noj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ noj˨˩˨]

Coordinate term: ông nội

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother#English

Thôi dẹp đê bà nội !

Kêu bà nội đó về dùm tui với !

Would you escort Her Highness home for me?

(humorous, sarcastic) a sarcastic way of addressing a young girl or woman who you're annoyed with


mợ

From Old Chinese 姆 (OC *məʔ) (B-S) (SV: mỗ).

Lạy cậu lạy mợ / Cho cháu về quê

We beg uncles and aunts / To let us go back home

maternal aunt-in-law, mother's brother's wife

(Nghệ An, Hà Tĩnh) paternal aunt-in-law, father's younger brother's wife

(dialectal, Central Vietnam) mother; mom


mợ

(minced oath) Alternative form of mẹ (“fuck”)


反戰

chữ Hán form of phản chiến (“anti-war (opposed to war)”).


rõ ràng

[zɔ˦ˀ˥ zaːŋ˨˩]

[ʐɔ˧˨ ʐaːŋ˦˩]

[ɹɔ˨˩˦ ɹaːŋ˨˩]


đi làm

[ʔɗi˧˧ laːm˨˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ laːm˦˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ laːm˨˩]


Hoa văn

[waː˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[waː˧˧ jaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 華文 (“written Chinese”).

Hoa văn thương mại

(education) Mandarin, especially Mandarin taught at a private Mandarin-language school


Xi-bia

[si˧˧ ʔɓiə˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓiə˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓiə˧˧]


trượt pa-tanh

[t͡ɕɨət̚˧˨ʔ paː˧˧ tajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˨˩ʔ paː˧˧ tɛɲ˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˨˩˨ paː˧˧ tan˧˧]


Ăng-lê hoá

[ʔaŋ˧˧ le˧˧ hwaː˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ lej˧˧ hwaː˨˩˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ lej˧˧ waː˦˥]


người Thái

[ŋɨəj˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦]

[ŋɨj˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[ŋɨj˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥]

Thai people, an ethnic group in Vietnam which originates in Thailand


chả cá Lã Vọng

[t͡ɕaː˧˩ kaː˧˦ laː˦ˀ˥ vawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕaː˧˨ kaː˨˩˦ laː˧˨ vawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕaː˧˨ kaː˨˩˦ laː˧˨ vɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[caː˨˩˦ kaː˦˥ laː˨˩˦ vawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[caː˨˩˦ kaː˦˥ laː˨˩˦ jawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

chả ("grilled and chopped meat or seafood") + cá ("fish") + Chinese 呂望／吕望 (literally “Lu's Hope”), a nickname of Jiang Ziya. The "Lã Vọng" part is added solely for promotional purposes.


Bạch Nga

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ŋaː˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ŋaː˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ŋaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白俄, contracted from Mandarin 白俄羅斯／白俄罗斯 (Bái'éluósī, Bạch Nga La Tư). Compare Mandarin 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī, Nga La Tư, “Russia”).

cog

(obsolete) Belarus (a country in Eastern Europe)


Bạch Nga

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ŋaː˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ŋaː˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ŋaː˧˧]


khủng bố

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˩ ʔɓo˧˦]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˧˨ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˨ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɓow˦˥]

[xʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɓow˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 恐怖 (“terror, terrifying”). The Sino-Vietnamese reading of the second character is irregular and is most likely due to the influence of the phonetic 布 (MC puH) (SV: bố) used in 怖 (MC phuH).

vi-etym-sino

kẻ khủng bố


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]

(history) Tonkinese (pertaining to Tonkin)

Đụ má cái thằng Bắc Kì này! Mày nghĩ mày hơn ai hả?

You fucking Northerner! You think you're better than us?

Bọn Bắc Kì kênh lắm.

(derogatory) Northern Vietnamese; often used contemptuously in a negative stereotyping manner


thuần Việt

[tʰwən˨˩ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwəŋ˦˩ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩ viək̚˨˩˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩ jiək̚˨˩˨]

từ thuần Việt

native Vietnamese word (originated in Vietnam)

vẻ đẹp thuần Việt


An Nam

→ French: Annam

→ English: Annam

[ʔaːn˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-An Nam.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安南, composed of 安 (“pacified”) and 南 (“south”), officially 安南都護府／安南都护府 (An Nam Đô hộ phủ, “Annam Protectorate”). Reborrowed from French Annam which itself is from Vietnamese, used satirically along with the French derivative An-nam-mít (from French Annamite).

(history) Annam, a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin

(historical or sarcastic, now offensive) Annam, one of the French protectorates in Vietnam, located in Central Vietnam

Yêu sách của nhân dân An Nam

An Nam Cộng sản Đảng

(historical or sarcastic, now offensive) Synonym of Việt Nam (“Vietnam”)


Sông Hồng

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

sông (“river”) + hồng (“red”), calque of French fleuve Rouge. The Sinicized Hồng Hà was also calqued from the same source.
The native/colloquial name (tên Nôm) of the river was sông Cái, literally "great/big river"; this word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï. The literary name(s) (tên chữ) of the river was 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) (textual evidence) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà); both the readings nhĩ and nhị for the first character were in use, although nhị seems to be more common.
Since 紅河 (Hồng Hà) was adopted late (during the colonial period), it is not clear if it ever sufficiently replaced 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) as the administrative tên chữ. Some of the earlier works attesting the spread of sông Hồng (Hà/Giang) as the vernacular name of the river including Nam Hải dị nhân liệt truyện (1909) and Việt Nam sử lược (1920). With the spread of sông Hồng, both the native tên Nôm sông Cái and the administrative-literary tên chữ 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ)/珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) were rendered obsolete.

Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


vịnh Bắc Bộ

[vïŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[vɨn˨˩ʔ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[vɨn˨˩˨ ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

[jɨn˨˩˨ ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

vịnh (“gulf”) + Bắc Bộ (“Northern Vietnam”).


phông

From English font, with pronunciation influenced by French.


發聲

chữ Hán form of phát thanh (“to broadcast”).


mổ cò

[mow˨˩˦ kɔ˨˩]

(informal) to type on a computer keyboard very slowly and unprofessionally with one finger


phần mộ

[fən˨˩ mo˧˨ʔ]

[fəŋ˦˩ mow˨˩ʔ]

[fəŋ˨˩ mow˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phần mộ.wav


ẩm thực

[ʔəm˧˩ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 飲食 (“drink and food, to drink and to eat”).


Thiên Trúc

[tʰiən˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


cõi vĩnh hằng

[kɔj˦ˀ˥ vïŋ˦ˀ˥ haŋ˨˩]

[kɔj˧˨ vɨn˧˨ haŋ˦˩]

[kɔj˨˩˦ vɨn˨˩˦ haŋ˨˩]

[kɔj˨˩˦ jɨn˨˩˦ haŋ˨˩]


hủ tục

[hu˧˩ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[hʊw˧˨ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[hʊw˨˩˦ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 腐 (“rotten”) and 俗 (“customs”).

Đốt vàng mã là một hủ tục.

Burning joss paper is a condemned practice.

a tradition or practice that is currently disapproved or condemned


bất diệt

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ziət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ jiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ jiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不滅 (“indestructible”).

Tinh thần Quốc Khánh mùng 2 tháng 9 là bất diệt.

The spirit of the National Day, September the 2nd, is forever.

(literary) unperishable, evergreen, forever


tiêu diệt

[tiəw˧˧ ziət̚˧˨ʔ]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 消滅 (“to destroy”).


hai bàn tay trắng

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaːn˨˩ taj˧˧ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ taj˧˧ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ ta(ː)j˧˧ ʈaŋ˦˥]

two empty hands (literally "two white hands")


trắng tay

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˦ taj˧˧]

[ʈaŋ˦˧˥ taj˧˧]

trắng (“white; bare”) + tay (“hand”). Calque of Chinese 白手 (báishǒu).

empty-handed (impoverished, having no money or resources)


đồng bào

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaːw˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đồng bào.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同胞, composed of 同 (“same”) and 胞 (“womb”).

Hỡi đồng bào cả nước!


khí quyển

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ kwiəŋ˧˨]

[xɪj˨˩˦ kwiəŋ˧˨]

[kʰɪj˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩˦]

[xɪj˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩˦]


hình thức

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hɨn˨˩ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


hình thức

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hɨn˨˩ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


xô-nát

bản xô-nát Ánh Trăng


vi-ô-lông

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]


ắc-coóc-đê-ông

[ʔak̚˧˦ kɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˧˥ kɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˥ kɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


xe goòng

[sɛ˧˧ ɣɔŋ˨˩]

[sɛ˧˧ ɣɔŋ͡m˦˩]

[sɛ˧˧ ɣɔŋ˨˩]


pi-a-nô

[pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ no˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]


oóc-gan

[ʔɔk̚˧˦ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˧˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


cá cóc Tam Đảo

[kaː˧˦ kawk͡p̚˧˦ taːm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kawk͡p̚˦˧˥ taːm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ kawk͡p̚˦˥ taːm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


kì lân

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧]


kì giông

[ki˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɪj˦˩ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Perhaps from a dialectal (likely northern) pronunciation of kì nhông (“iguana”).


sa giông

[saː˧˧ zəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂaː˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[saː˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂaː˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[saː˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]


vĩ cầm

[vi˦ˀ˥ kəm˨˩]

[vɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[vɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

[jɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 尾琴, composed of 尾 (“tail”) and 琴 (“string instrument”), referring to the fact that the ribbon of the bow is traditional made from horsetail hair. In modern Vietnamese, vĩ is also the word for "bow".


kì nhông

[ki˨˩ ɲəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɪj˦˩ ɲəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ɲəwŋ͡m˧˧]

The first element might originally be a presyllable. Related to kì giông and North Central chôông.
There is also the form without the presyllable (nhông).

Kì Nhông là ông Kì Đà, Kì Đà là cha Cắc Ké, Cắc Ké là mẹ Kì Nhông.

Iguana is Monitor's grandpa, Monitor is Gecko's father, Gecko is Iguana's mother.


kiến sư tử

[kiən˧˦ sɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[kiəŋ˦˥ sɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

kiến (“ant”) + sư tử (“lion”), calque of French fourmilion or English antlion.


manh giông

[majŋ̟˧˧ zəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[mɛɲ˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]

manh + giông (“salamander”); the first element is the Sino-Vietnamese word from 盲 (“blind”).
Most likely derived from Chinese 盲螈 (manh nguyên, “blind salamander”), with Sinitic 螈 (nguyên) being replaced by native giông while still keeping Chinese head-final structure. The result of regular calqueing would be *(kì) giông mù.


phong cầm

[fɔŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風琴 (“organ”), perhaps shortened from Japanese 手風琴 (tefūkin, thủ phong cầm, “accordion”, literally “hand organ”).

(dated, music) Synonym of ắc-coóc-đê-ông (“accordion”)


xế

head

xế • (熾, 𪰮, 制)

vi-verb

xế • (熾, 𪰮, 制)

Possibly a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斜 (“inclined”, SV: tà).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tà</i>

vi-etym-sino

(of the sun, moon) to be sinking; to be on the wane; to decline

to be oblique; to lie obliquely; to incline


xế

head

xế • (熾, 𪰮, 制)

vi-noun

xế • (熾, 𪰮, 制)

bữa xế

a light meal or a snack during this time

(Southern Vietnam) early afternoon, about 2–3 pm


xế

Perhaps from tài xế (“driver”), influenced by xe (“vehicle”).

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, slang) wheeled vehicle


cá cóc

[kaː˨˩˦ kawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


cá cóc

cá + cóc, from Khmer ឆ្កោក (chkaok) (as in ត្រីឆ្កោក (trəychkaok)). Compare also Thai ตะโกก (as in ปลาตะโกก).

[kaː˨˩˦ kawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


đồng thoại

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ tʰwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 童話 (“fairy tale”).


đồng chí

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同志, composed of 同 (“same”) and 志 (“will”).

Đồng chí Kim bắn trúng hồng tâm khi chỉ mới ba tuổi.

Comrade Kim could hit the bullseye when he was just three.

Đồng chí Bùi Văn A từ trần năm 2019, thọ 50 tuổi Đảng.
Comrade Bùi Văn A left us in 2019, after 50 years as a Party member.


miệng nam mô, bụng một bồ dao găm

[miəŋ˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧ mo˧˧ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ mot̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓo˨˩ zaːw˧˧ ɣam˧˧]

[miəŋ˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧ mow˧˧ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ mok̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓow˦˩ jaːw˧˧ ɣam˧˧]

[miəŋ˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ mow˧˧ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ mok̚˨˩˨ ʔɓow˨˩ jaːw˧˧ ɣam˧˧]

Literally, “saying Namo [Amitābhāya], having a basket of daggers in the heart”
Compare the longer ca dao versions:
* Ngoài miệng thì niệm nam mô, trong lòng thì chứa một bồ dao găm.
* Ngoài miệng thì tụng nam mô, trong lòng thì đựng cả bồ dao găm.

m-g

saying Namo 􂀿Amitābhāya􂁀, having a basket of daggers in the heart

lit

kẻ miệng nam mô, bụng một bồ dao găm

Buồn hơn nữa, họ đối với nhau như tuồng phù thủy: "Miệng nam mô, bụng một bồ dao găm", lấy sự đau khổ của người khác làm niềm vui cho mình y như sự cừu địch vậy.

1999, Nhị Lê, “Đạo lý”, in Tạp chí Cộng sản, volume 13, Cơ quan lý luận và chính trị của Trung ương Đảng công sản Việt Nam:

Or worse, they treat each other like some kind of hypocritical witch, taking joy in other people's suffering as if they were enemies.

wolf in sheep's clothing
wolf in sheep's clothing

hypocritical, wolf in sheep's clothing, speaking virtuously but hiding selfish intentions


bật lửa

[ʔɓət̚˧˨ʔ lɨə˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˨˩ʔ lɨə˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˨˩˨ lɨə˨˩˦]

bật (“to snap, switch on”) + lửa (“fire”).

com

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) lighter


佳話

chữ Hán form of giai thoại (“anecdote”).


民用

chữ Hán form of dân dụng (“civilian; civil”).


học trò

[hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔ˨˩]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈɔ˦˩]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈɔ˨˩]


học sinh

[hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 學生, composed of 學 (“to learn”) and 生 (“learned person; student”), from Chinese 學生／学生 (xuéshēng, “student”). Compare Japanese 学生 (gakusei, “student”) and Korean 학생 (haksaeng, “student”). These cognates apply to students of all kinds, while this Vietnamese false friend only applies to primary and secondary pupils in modern times.

vi-etym-sino

(primary and secondary education) a pupil; a schoolchild/schoolkid


xi-lanh

[sɪj˧˧ lɛɲ˧˧]


xi-lanh

[sɪj˧˧ lɛɲ˧˧]


畫士

chữ Hán form of hoạ sĩ (“artist (painter)”).


đồng ý

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔi˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同意 (“to agree, to consent”).


xi-rô

[sɪj˧˧ ɹow˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ɹow˧˧]


hoạ sĩ

[hwaː˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[hwaː˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[hwaː˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[waː˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[waː˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畫士, composed of 畫 (“to paint”) and 士 (“-ist, -er”).


xúc xích

[sʊwk͡p̚˧˦ sïk̟̚˧˦]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sɨt̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˥ sɨt̚˦˥]

From French saucisse.
The expected form after borrowing would be *xốt-xít or *xô-xít. It is possible that the present form is from a Southern dialect with final -t > -k.
The transformation of the close-mid vowel /o/ to the close vowel /u/ is inexplicable.


quản lí

[kwaːŋ˧˨ lɪj˨˩˦]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ lɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 管理 (“to manage, to administer”).


quản lí

[kwaːŋ˧˨ lɪj˨˩˦]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ lɪj˦˥]


xúp

Borrowed from French soupe. Compare also Thai ซุป (súp).


lốc

cơn (classifier)
trận (classifier)
con (classifier)

[ləwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


lốc

[ləwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


ân nhân

[ʔən˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 恩人 (“benefactor”).


hành lí

[hɛɲ˦˩ lɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行李 (“luggage, baggage”).


danh ngôn

[zajŋ̟˧˧ ŋon˧˧]

[jɛɲ˧˧ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[jan˧˧ ŋoŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 名言 (“famous saying, apophthegm”).


phim ảnh

[fim˧˧ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[fim˧˧ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phim ảnh.wav

phim (“film; video”) + ảnh (“image; photograph”)

com

(film, television) cinema and fiction television


đồng nhất

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ɲət̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ɲək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ɲək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đồng nhất.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同一 (“identical, homogenous”).


tự hào

[tɨ˧˨ʔ haːw˨˩]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ haːw˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˨ haːw˨˩]


nước mắt

[nɨək̚˧˦ mat̚˧˦]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]

[nɨək̚˦˥ mak̚˦˥]

chảy nước mắt

rơi nước mắt


tuyến lệ

[twiəŋ˦˧˥ lej˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ lej˨˩˨]

(anatomy) a lacrimal gland; a tear gland


ca kịch

[kaː˧˧ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩˨]


dung dịch

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 溶液 (“solution”).


Nam cực

[naːm˧˧ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南極 (“South Pole”).


màng trinh

[maːŋ˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˧]

[maːŋ˦˩ ʈɨn˧˧]

[maːŋ˨˩ ʈɨn˧˧]


Bắc cực

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北極 (“North Pole”).


sung sướng

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨəŋ˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨəŋ˦˥]


văn chương

[van˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ cɨəŋ˧˧]

[jaŋ˧˧ cɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 文章 (“literature”).


Ấn Độ Dương

[ʔən˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ấn Độ Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 印度洋, composed of 印度 (“India”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


hồng trà

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈaː˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅茶, composed of 紅 (“pink, red”) and 茶 (“tea”).


Nam Đại Dương

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]


Sác-lô

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ low˧˧]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ low˧˧]

Nó qua nhà hàng xóm xem phim Sác-lô.

She's at the neighbor's for some Charlie Chaplin.


Bắc Băng Dương

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北冰洋, composed of 北 (“north”), 冰 (“ice”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


Đại Tây Dương

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ təj˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ təj˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ təj˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大西洋, composed of 大 (“great”) and 西洋 (“western ocean”), in contrast with 小西洋 (“Indian Ocean”, literally “lesser western ocean”).


thơ ca

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩歌 (SV: thi ca), from Chinese 詩歌／诗歌 (shīgē). Compare Japanese 詩歌 (shiika, shika).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi ca</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ ca nhạc hoạ

poetry, singing, music and painting; the arts

(literary, literal, collective) poetry and singing


Trân Châu Cảng

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ kaːŋ˧˩]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ kaːŋ˧˨]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 珍珠港, composed of 珍珠 (“pearl”) and 港 (“port; harbor”), from Chinese 珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng). Compare Japanese 真珠湾 (Shinjuwan, Chân Châu loan), Japanese 真珠港 (Shinjukō, Chân Châu cảng), Korean 진주만 (Jinjuman).


bông tuyết

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ twiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

bông + tuyết, likely calque of Chinese 雪花 (tuyết hoa).


Thái Bình Dương

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平洋, composed of 太平 (“peace”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


自願

chữ Hán form of tự nguyện (“volunteer”).


khái niệm

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ niəm˨˩ʔ]

[xaːj˨˩˦ niəm˨˩ʔ]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 概念 (“concept”).


quy luật

[kwɪj˧˧ lwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[wɪj˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

a law (statement of (observed, established) order, sequence or relationship of phenomena)


thể tích

[tʰe˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[tʰej˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[tʰej˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體積, composed of 體 (“body”) and 積 (“amass”).


khí lí tưởng

head

khí lí tưởng • (氣理想)

vi-noun

khí lí tưởng • (氣理想)

[xi˧˦ li˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ lɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[xɪj˨˩˦ lɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[kʰɪj˦˥ lɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

[xɪj˦˥ lɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]


diện tích

[ziən˧˨ʔ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[jiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]


lí tưởng

[li˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[lɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[lɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]


lí tưởng

[li˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[lɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[lɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]


chê bai

[t͡ɕe˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˧]

[t͡ɕej˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˧]

[cej˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˧]

to disparage; to denounce; to deplore; to criticize


áp suất

[ʔaːp̚˧˦ swət̚˧˦]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ ʂwək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 壓率 (“pressure”).


xích đạo

[sïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[sɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[sɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 赤道 (“equator”).


định nghĩa

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ ŋiə˧˨]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ ŋiə˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 定義 (“definition”).


định nghĩa

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ ŋiə˧˨]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ ŋiə˨˩˦]


sinh vật

[sïŋ˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨn˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨn˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨn˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[sɨn˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]


Mặc Tây Ca

[mak̚˧˨ʔ təj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ təj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩˨ təj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 墨西哥 (“Mexico”). Compare Hakka 墨西哥 (Me̍t-sî-kô).

(obsolete) Synonym of Mê-hi-cô (“Mexico”)


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mô-đen.wav


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

Mô-đen với chả mô đỏ!


Ác-hen-ti-na

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ hɛn˧˧ ti˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ hɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ hɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]


tổ chức

[to˧˩ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦]

[tow˧˨ t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tow˨˩˦ cɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 組織. Compare Japanese 組織 (soshiki, “organization; anatomical tissue”).

cog

tổ chức sự kiện

Đám cưới tổ chức tại nhà hàng...

The wedding will be held at the restaurant...

to organize, arrange, or hold (an event, procedure or routine)


tổ chức

[to˧˩ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦]

[tow˧˨ t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tow˨˩˦ cɨk̚˦˥]

có tổ chức

vô tổ chức

organization (quality of being organized)

các tổ chức từ thiện

an organization (group of people or other legal entities with an explicit purpose and written rules; group of people consciously cooperating)


mét

(North Central Vietnam) a kind of bamboo


Mê-hi-cô

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Mê-hi-cô.wav


tư bản

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 資本, composed of 資 (“money”) and 本 (“funds”), from Japanese 資本 (shihon) (used as a translation of English capital), from Literary Chinese 資本 (zīběn, “funds”).

vi-etym-sino

tư bản bất biến

tư bản khả biến

tư bản cố định

tư bản lưu động

(socialism, communism, capitalism) capital


tư bản

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

(socialism, communism, capitalism) capitalist


mốt

hợp mốt

lỗi mốt


mốt

Related to một (“one”). Compare Khmu pŋmoːj ("day after tomorrow") and moːj ("one"), Sa'och [of Kanchanaburi] mṳːj ("day after tomorrow") and mṳːˀj ("one").

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) day after tomorrow


mốt

Mốt hai mốt hai mốt hai mốt!

hai (mươi) mốt / hăm mốt

một trăm mốt

một triệu mốt

one million one hundred thousand (dongs)

(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one


lễ Tạ Ơn

[le˦ˀ˥ taː˧˨ʔ ʔəːn˧˧]

[lej˧˨ taː˨˩ʔ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[lej˨˩˦ taː˨˩˨ ʔəːŋ˧˧]


đảo Phục Sinh

[ʔɗaːw˧˩ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ sɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ sɨn˧˧]

đảo (“island”) + (lễ) Phục Sinh (“Easter”).


Tết Ma-rốc

[tet̚˧˦ maː˧˧ zəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tet̚˦˧˥ maː˧˧ ʐəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[təːt̚˦˥ maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˦˥]

Tết (“New Year”) + Ma-rốc (“Morocco”), literally "Moroccan New Year".


đà điểu

[ʔɗaː˨˩ ʔɗiəw˧˩]

[ʔɗaː˦˩ ʔɗiw˧˨]

[ʔɗaː˨˩ ʔɗiw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鴕鳥 (“ostrich”).

đà điểu Phi/Mĩ/Úc
a(n) ostrich/rhea/emu


Tết Công-gô

[tet̚˧˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣo˧˧]

[tet̚˦˧˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[təːt̚˦˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

Tết (“New Year”) + Công-gô (“Congo”), literally "Congolese New Year".

Chờ nó làm bài hết bài tập? Có mà chờ đến Tết Công-gô!

Waiting for him to finish his homework? You'd have better luck waiting for Congolese New Year!


Cộng hoà Đô-mi-ni-ca-na

[kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩ ʔɗo˧˧ mi˧˧ ni˧˧ kaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩ ʔɗow˧˧ mɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩ ʔɗow˧˧ mɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

cộng hoà (“republic”) + Đô-mi-ni-ca-na, calque of Spanish República Dominicana.

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Thụy Điển

Traditional tone placement spelling of Thuỵ Điển.


Công-gô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣo˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


An-giê-ri

[ʔaːn˧˧ ze˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[ʔaːn˧˧ ze˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


Tuy-ni-di

[twɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


Tuy-ni-di

[twɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


Ma-rốc

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[maː˧˧ zəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˦˥]


Ma-rốc

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[maː˧˧ zəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ ɹəwk͡p̚˦˥]


Ha-mai-ca

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Jamaica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Ha-mai-ca

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[haː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]


Li-băng

[li˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Li-băng

[li˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]


tinh tinh lùn

[tïŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˧ lun˨˩]

[tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

tinh tinh (“chimpanzee”) + lùn (“short”), literally "dwarf/short chimpanzee", a calque of Chinese 矮黑猩猩.


tạ ơn

[taː˧˨ʔ ʔəːn˧˧]

[taː˨˩ʔ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[taː˨˩˨ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 謝恩 (“to express thanks for great favours”, SV: tạ ân).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tạ ân</i>


đạo trường

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 道場 (“dojo”), from Japanese 道場.

(especially those of Japanese martial arts) dojo


xe hơi

[sɛ˧˧ həːj˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ həːj˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ həːj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xe hơi.wav

From xe (“wheeled vehicle”) + hơi (“steam; "gas" (smell, heat, etc.)”). Compare Chinese 汽車／汽车 (khí xa, literally “gas wheeled vehicle”).


tội lỗi

Tội lỗi, tội lỗi.

May Buddha/God have mercy upon your soul, for you have committed a sinful act.

a wrongful deed; a terrible mistake, a crime, a sin, etc.


tội lỗi

Sao mặc đồ (nhìn) tội lỗi quá vậy?

Why are you wearing that cheap-ass outfit?


tinh binh

[tïŋ˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精兵 (“elite soldier; elite troop”).

vi-etym-sino

(humorous, slang) Synonym of tinh trùng (“sperm cell”)


Chi-lê

[t͡ɕi˧˧ le˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ lej˧˧]


ma-nơ-canh

[maː˧˧ nəː˧˧ kajŋ̟˧˧]

[maː˧˧ nəː˧˧ kɛɲ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ nəː˧˧ kan˧˧]


nông nô

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ no˧˧]


Xi-xin

[sɪj˧˧ sɨn˧˧]


Xi-xi-li-a

[si˧˧ si˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

From Italian Sicilia. The Italian phoneme /tʃ/ is generally rendered as the Vietnamese letter ⟨x⟩ and phoneme /s/, as if the Italian letter ⟨c⟩ was supposed to be pronounced like a "soft c" in French. Compare Phi-bô-na-xi (“Fibonacci”). French also influences how German names are rendered in Vietnamese.


I-ta-li-a

[ʔi˧˧ taː˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


I-ta-li-a

[ʔi˧˧ taː˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Giơ-ne-vơ

[zəː˧˧ nɛ˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[jəː˧˧ nɛ˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[jəː˧˧ nɛ˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[jəː˧˧ nɛ˧˧ jəː˧˧]

Hiệp định Giơ-ne-vơ

Geneva (the capital city of Geneva canton, Switzerland)


Bra-xin

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Bra-xin

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]


Vơ-ni-dơ

[vəː˧˧ ni˧˧ zəː˧˧]

[vəː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jəː˧˧]

[vəː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jəː˧˧]

[jəː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ jəː˧˧]

Venice (the capital city of Veneto, Italy)

Venice (a metropolitan city of Veneto, Italy)


rô-bi-nê

[ɹo˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ne˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]


la-va-bô

[laː˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɓo˧˧]

[laː˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɓow˧˧]

[laː˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɓow˧˧]

[laː˧˧ jaː˧˧ ʔɓow˧˧]


Nhã Điển

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[ɲaː˧˨ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雅典, from Mandarin 雅典 (Yǎdiǎn).

(obsolete) Athens (the capital city of Greece)


mát-xa

[maːt̚˧˦ saː˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˧˥ saː˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˥ saː˧˧]


Rô-ma

[ɹo˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]

Rô-ma, thủ đô của Ý

Rô-ma cổ đại

Thư gửi tín hữu Rô-ma


La Mã

[laː˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[laː˧˧ maː˧˨]

[laː˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

(obsolete) Rome (the capital city of Italy)

(obsolete) Rome (a former province of Italy)


Bờ Biển Ngà

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ʔɓiən˧˩ ŋaː˨˩]

[ʔɓəː˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ŋaː˦˩]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ŋaː˨˩]

bờ biển (“coast”) + ngà (“tusk; ivory”), calque of French Côte d’Ivoire.

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Cốt Đi-voa

[kot̚˧˦ ʔɗi˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˧˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ jwaː˧˧]


Cốt Đi-voa

[kot̚˧˦ ʔɗi˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˧˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vwaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧ jwaː˧˧]


bột giặt

[ʔɓot̚˧˨ʔ zat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓok̚˨˩ʔ jak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓok̚˨˩˨ jak̚˨˩˨]

Coordinate term: nước giặt (“liquid detergent”)


Hi Lạp

[hi˧˧ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩˨]


Hi Lạp

[hi˧˧ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩˨]


A-ten

[ʔaː˧˧ tɛn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧]


người yêu

[ŋɨəj˨˩ ʔiəw˧˧]

[ŋɨj˦˩ ʔiw˧˧]

[ŋɨj˨˩ ʔiw˧˧]

người yêu cũ


Kếp Tao

Cape Town (the capital city of South Africa)


xe cứu thương

[sɛ˧˧ kiw˧˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ kɨw˦˥ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

xe (“wheeled vehicle”) + cứu (“to rescue”) + thương (“injury”).


ca-xca-đơ

[kaː˧˧ skaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ skaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ skaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]


bởi

head

罢, 𪽝, 摆, 罷, 𤳷

vi-conj

罢, 𪽝, 摆, 罷, 𤳷

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bởi.wav

A Nan bởi ngôi mà dậy.
Ānanda stands up from his seat.

Bởi chồng cờ bạc nên lòng không yêu.

I don't love my husband because he gambles.

Bởi vậy!


tàu ngầm

[taw˨˩ ŋəm˨˩]

[taw˦˩ ŋəm˦˩]


cát-ca-đơ

[kaːt̚˧˦ kaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ kaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˥ kaː˧˧ ʔɗəː˧˧]


An-ba-ni

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


lí do

[lɪj˨˩˦ jɔ˧˧]

[lɪj˦˥ jɔ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lý do.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 理由, composed of 理 (“reason”) and 由 (“reason”).

vi-etym-sino

lí do tại sao

viện lí do/cớ

an excuse (explanation designed to avoid or alleviate guilt or negative judgement)


Lít-va

[lit̚˦˧˥ vaː˧˧]

[lɨt̚˦˥ vaː˧˧]

[lɨt̚˦˥ jaː˧˧]

From Russian Литва́ (Litvá), from Lithuanian Lietuvà.

Lithuania (a country in Eastern Europe; capital: Vilnius)


tương lai

[tɨəŋ˧˧ laːj˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ laːj˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ laːj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 將來, composed of 將 (“about to; almost; nearly”) and 來 (“to come”), literally "that which is about to come".

Trẻ em là tương lai của đất nước.

Our children are the future of our country.


cộng hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of cộng hoà.


Nhà Bầu Dục

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓəw˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


dưa chuột biển

[zɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[jɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨə˧˧ cuək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]


Ni-giê-ri-a

[ni˧˧ ze˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ni˧˧ ze˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Ni-giê-ri-a

[ni˧˧ ze˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ni˧˧ ze˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ jej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


A-déc-bai-gian

[ʔaː˧˧ zɛk̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ jɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ jɛk̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

From Russian Азербайджа́н (Azerbajdžán).

bor

Азербайджа́н


Lầu Năm Góc

[ləw˦˩ nam˧˧ ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

lầu (“building, high-rise”) + năm (“five”) + góc (“angle, corner”), calque of Chinese 五角樓／五角楼 (Wǔjiǎolóu).


Xa-va-na-khẹt

[saː˧˧ vaː˧˧ naː˧˧ xɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[saː˧˧ vaː˧˧ naː˧˧ kʰɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[saː˧˧ vaː˧˧ naː˧˧ xɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[saː˧˧ vaː˧˧ naː˧˧ kʰɛk̚˨˩˨]

[saː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧ xɛk̚˨˩˨]


xa-van

[saː˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[saː˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[saː˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Ban-căng

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]


Lát-vi-a

[laːt̚˧˦ vi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[laːk̚˦˧˥ vɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[laːk̚˦˥ vɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[laːk̚˦˥ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Cai-rô

[kaːj˧˧ ɹo˧˧]


Bun-ga-ri

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bun-ga-ri

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔɓun˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


Bê-lô-ru-xi-a

[ʔɓe˧˧ lo˧˧ ɹu˧˧ si˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓe˧˧ lo˧˧ zu˧˧ si˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ low˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ low˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Bê-lô-ru-xi-a

[ʔɓe˧˧ lo˧˧ ɹu˧˧ si˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓe˧˧ lo˧˧ zu˧˧ si˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ low˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ low˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Va-ti-căng

[vaː˧˧ ti˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Cao Li

Như nước Cao Ly, hễ Mãn Châu tới thì theo Mãn Châu, Mông Cổ tới thì theo Mông Cổ, đến khi Nhật Bản tới thì Nhật Bản lấy.

(Can we date this quote?), Phan Châu Trinh, Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]:

Like Korea for example: the Manchus came, they followed, the Mongols came, they followed, the Japanese came, the Japanese took over.


Bê-la-rút

[ʔɓe˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓe˧˧ laː˧˧ zut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓej˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓej˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bê-la-rút.wav


Bê-la-rút

[ʔɓe˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓe˧˧ laː˧˧ zut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓej˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓej˧˧ laː˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


Cư-rơ-gư-xtan

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ staːn˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ zəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ staːn˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Môn-đa-vi

[mon˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vi˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


Môn-đa-vi

[mon˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vi˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


ô-liu

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)


An-đô-ra

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Hung-ga-ri

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


Hung-ga-ri

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


Lúc-xăm-bua

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˦ sam˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

[lʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sam˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

[lʊwk͡p̚˦˥ sam˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Ru-ma-ni

[ɹu˧˧ maː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Borrowed from French Roumanie, ultimately from Latin Rōmānia.


Ru-ma-ni

[ɹu˧˧ maː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


La-tinh

[laː˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

French Latin, with a peculiar rendition of the French nasal vowel /ɛ̃/. Compare Phi-li-tinh (“Philistine”) and Cô-rinh-tô (“Corinth”). Compare Mandarin 拉丁 (Lādīng, Lạp Đinh), Hakka 拉丁 (Lâ-tên).

tiếng La-tinh

Mĩ La-tinh
Latin America


Môn-đô-va

[mon˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ jaː˧˧]

From English Moldova, from Romanian Moldova.


Môn-đô-va

[mon˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ jaː˧˧]


Gru-di-a

[ɣɹu˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣɹʊw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣɹʊw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gru-di-a.wav

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Gru-di-a

[ɣɹu˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣɹʊw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣɹʊw˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Georgian (pertaining to the country, people or language of Georgia)


phản quốc

[faːŋ˧˨ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 反國 (“to betray one's country, to commit treason”).


Tát-gi-ki-xtan

[taːk̚˦˧˥ jɪj˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[taːk̚˦˥ jɪj˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

From Russian Таджикиста́н (Tadžikistán).

bor

Таджикиста́н


tổ quốc

[tow˨˩˦ wək̚˦˥]

Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.

1961, John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address; free Vietnamese translation by unknown translator Đừng hỏi tổ quốc đã làm gì cho ta mà hãy hỏi ta đã làm gì cho tổ quốc. (literally, “Ask not what the homeland has done for us - ask what we have done for the homeland.”)

(formal or literary) homeland; motherland; fatherland


Cô-oét

[ko˧˧ ʔwɛt̚˧˦]

[kow˧˧ ʔwɛk̚˦˧˥]

Tổng Lãnh sự quán Cô-oét

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Ác-mê-ni-a

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ me˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ mej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ mej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Borrowed from Russian Арме́ния (Arménija).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


U-dơ-bê-ki-xtan

[ʔu˧˧ zəː˧˧ ʔɓe˧˧ ki˧˧ staːn˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ jəː˧˧ ʔɓej˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ jəː˧˧ ʔɓej˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]


界性

chữ Hán form of giới tính (“sex, gender”).


Tuốc-mê-ni-xtan

[tuək̚˦˧˥ mej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[tuək̚˦˥ mej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

From Russian Туркмениста́н (Turkmenistán).

Туркмениста́н

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Cáp Ve

[kaːp̚˧˦ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˧˥ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˥ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˥ jɛ˧˧]

Borrowed from French Cap-Vert (“Green Cape”).

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Poóc-tô Ri-cô

[pɔk̚˧˦ to˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ko˧˧]

[pɔk̚˧˦ to˧˧ zi˧˧ ko˧˧]

[pɔk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kow˧˧]

[pɔk̚˦˥ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kow˧˧]


Poóc-tô Ri-cô

[pɔk̚˧˦ to˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ko˧˧]

[pɔk̚˧˦ to˧˧ zi˧˧ ko˧˧]

[pɔk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kow˧˧]

[pɔk̚˦˥ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kow˧˧]


Ê-cu-a-đo

[ʔe˧˧ ku˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ kʊw˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ kʊw˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]


Ê-cu-a-đo

[ʔe˧˧ ku˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ kʊw˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ kʊw˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]


Pa-ki-xtan

[paː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[paː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

From English Pakistan, from Urdu پاکستان.

Urdu پاکستان


Pa-ki-xtan

[paː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[paː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

Urdu پاکستان


Ca-ta

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧]

From Arabic قطر, from English Qatar, from French Qatar.

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kê-ni-a

[ke˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Kê-ni-a

[ke˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kej˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Pa-le-xtin

[paː˧˧ lɛ˧˧ stɨn˧˧]

From English Palestine and French Palestine.


Pa-le-xtin

[paː˧˧ lɛ˧˧ stɨn˧˧]


Ghi-nê Xích Đạo

[ɣi˧˧ ne˧˧ sïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ sɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ sɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Ghi-nê (“Guinea”) + xích đạo (“equator”)

compound

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Ghi-nê Xích Đạo

[ɣi˧˧ ne˧˧ sïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ sɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ sɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]


Ghi-nê Bít-xao

[ɣi˧˧ ne˧˧ ʔɓit̚˧˦ saːw˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ ʔɓit̚˦˧˥ saːw˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ ʔɓɨt̚˦˥ saːw˧˧]

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Ghi-nê Bít-xao

[ɣi˧˧ ne˧˧ ʔɓit̚˧˦ saːw˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ ʔɓit̚˦˧˥ saːw˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧ ʔɓɨt̚˦˥ saːw˧˧]


thi thể

[tʰi˧˧ tʰe˧˩]

[tʰɪj˧˧ tʰej˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 屍體, composed of 屍 (“corpse”) and 體 (“body”).


vích

olive ridley sea turtle
olive ridley sea turtle


giới tính

[zəːj˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[jəːj˨˩˦ tɨn˦˧˥]

[jəːj˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-giới tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 界性, composed of 界 (“world”) and 性 (“sex”). The giới (“world”) is from expressions such as nữ giới (“the female sex”, literally “the female world”) and nam giới (“the male sex”, literally “the male world”).

Giới tính: Nam / Nữ

giáo dục giới tính
sex education


hậu tố

[həw˧˨ʔ to˧˦]

[həw˨˩ʔ tow˨˩˦]


tiếp vĩ ngữ

[tiəp̚˧˦ vi˦ˀ˥ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ vɪj˧˨ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tip̚˦˥ vɪj˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

[tip̚˦˥ jɪj˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


tiếp đầu ngữ

[tiəp̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tip̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


tiền tố

[tiəŋ˦˩ tow˨˩˦]


em-xi

[ʔɛm˧˧ si˧˧]

[ʔɛm˧˧ sɪj˧˧]

[ʔɛm˧˧ sɪj˧˧]


Ghi-nê

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]


Ghi-nê

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]


Xi-ri

[sɪj˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Xi-ri

[sɪj˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


僑胞

chữ Hán form of kiều bào (“overseas compatriots”).


vũ khí

[vʊw˧˨ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[vʊw˧˨ xɪj˨˩˦]

[vʊw˨˩˦ kʰɪj˦˥]

[jʊw˨˩˦ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武器 (“weapon, arms”).

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

1791, Philadelphia Convention, “Amendment II [Tu chính án II]”, in Constitution of the United States [Hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ]:

Xét thấy lực lượng dự bị có tổ chức nghiêm chỉnh là rất cần thiết cho nền an ninh của một quốc gia tự do, quyền của dân chúng được giữ và sử dụng vũ khí sẽ không bị vi phạm.

1850, Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, “Ansprache der Zentralbehörde an den Bund vom März” / “Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League” / “Lời kêu gọi của Ban chấp hành trung ương gửi Liên đoàn những người cộng sản”
Bất kể với lý do nào họ cũng không được nộp vũ khí và đạn dược; và khi cần thiết, phải dùng bạo lực để giáng trả mọi mưu đồ tước khí giới.
Under no pretext should arms and ammunition be surrendered; any attempt to disarm the workers must be frustrated, by force if necessary.


U-crai-na

[ʔu˧˧ kɹaːj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ kɹaːj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ kɹaːj˧˧ naː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-U-crai-na.wav

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Ca-dắc-xtan

[kaː˧˧ jak̚˦˧˥ staːŋ˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ jak̚˦˥ staːŋ˧˧]


tinh tinh

[tïŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tinh tinh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 猩猩 (“ape; orangutan”), from Chinese 猩猩 (xīngxing).


nghị viện

[ŋi˧˨ʔ viən˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɪj˨˩ʔ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɪj˨˩˨ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[ŋɪj˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 議院, composed of 議 (“to discuss”) and 院 (“chamber”), from Japanese 議院 (giin, “legislative chamber”). The Japanese etymon is used of the upper and lower houses of a bicameral legislature, particularly those of the Diet, while 議会 (gikai) is used for the whole legislature itself.

bor

Meronyms: hạ nghị viện, nghị sĩ, thượng nghị viện

Nghị viện/Quốc hội Mĩ

Nghị viện/Quốc hội Anh

Nghị viện/Quốc hội Pháp

Nghị viện/Quốc hội Nhật Bản

Nghị viện châu Âu

Nghị viện California


âm thịnh dương suy

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧ swi˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧ ʂwɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧ swɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm thịnh dương suy.wav

Lớp này âm thịnh dương suy.

There are more girls than boys in this class.

(informal, figurative, of a place) having more females than males


bài Ma-ghích

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ maː˧˧ ɣïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːj˦˩ maː˧˧ ɣɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ maː˧˧ ɣɨt̚˦˥]

bài (“card, card game”) + mispronunciation of English magic

(card games, colloquial) Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game


Bác Hồ

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ho˨˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ how˦˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ how˨˩]

bác (“uncle”) + Hồ (self-entitled surname of Ho Chi Minh).

af

(informal, endearing) Uncle Ho (the Vietnamese's affectionate nickname for Ho Chi Minh)


Véc-xai

[vɛk̚˧˦ saːj˧˧]

[vɛk̚˦˧˥ saːj˧˧]

[vɛk̚˦˥ saːj˧˧]

[jɛk̚˦˥ saːj˧˧]


Hô-me-rơ

[ho˧˧ mɛ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]

[ho˧˧ mɛ˧˧ zəː˧˧]

[how˧˧ mɛ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]

[how˧˧ mɛ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]


Mác-xây

[maːk̚˧˦ səj˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˧˥ səj˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˥ səj˧˧]

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Rê-ki-a-vích

[ɹe˧˧ ki˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vïk̟̚˧˦]

[ɹej˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ɹej˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vɨt̚˦˥]

[ɹej˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥]


Bác

Ellipsis of Bác Hồ (literally “Uncle Hồ”)

ellipsis

(informal, endearing) I/me, the old Ho Chi Minh

(informal, endearing) you, the old Ho Chi Minh

(informal, endearing) he/him, the old Ho Chi Minh


Ô-đi-xê

[ʔo˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ se˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]


phi-oóc

[fi˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˦]

[fɪj˧˧ ʔɔk̚˦˧˥]

[fɪj˧˧ ʔɔk̚˦˥]

From French fjord, from Norwegian fjord.


cà rem

[kaː˨˩ ɹɛm˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ zɛm˧˧]

[kaː˦˩ ɹɛm˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ ɹɛm˧˧]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, somewhat dated) ice cream


Pa-ri

[paː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Hiệp định Pa-ri

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Uy-lít-xơ

[ʔwi˧˧ lit̚˧˦ səː˧˧]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ lit̚˦˧˥ səː˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ lɨt̚˦˥ səː˧˧]

Borrowed from French Ulysse (“Ulysses”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Odysseus; Ulysses


I-li-át

[ʔi˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˥]


Tơ-roa

[təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[təː˧˧ zwaː˧˧]

[təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

(literary) Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Hô-me

From French Homère. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted".


A-sin

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology, literature) Achilles


Héc-quin

Alternative spelling of Héc-quyn (“Hercules”)


gót chân A-sin

[ɣɔt̚˧˦ t͡ɕən˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ɣɔk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ɣɔk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ɣɔk̚˦˥ cəŋ˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ɣɔk̚˦˥ cəŋ˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

gót chân + A-sin, calque of French talon d’Achille.


Bê-ô-grát

[ʔɓe˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ɣɹaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ɣɹaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ɣɹaːk̚˦˥]


Héc-quyn

[hɛk̚˦˥ wɨn˧˧]

From French Hercule (“Hercules; Heracles”). As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French. The "Forbidden One" sense comes from the fact that this "Forbidden One" has infinite attack strength, and that the manga series as well as the card game Yu-Gi-Oh!, in its Chinese bootleg form, peaked during the same period as the airing of the TV show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.

(colloquial, card games) "Forbidden One", a series of 5 cards in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game


béc-giê

[ʔɓɛk̚˧˦ ze˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˧˥ jej˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˥ jej˧˧]

Borrowed from French berger (“shepherd”).


xe lăn

[sɛ˧˧ laŋ˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ laŋ˧˧]

xe (“wheeled vehicle”) + lăn (“to roll”).


cường thuỷ

[kɨəŋ˨˩ tʰwi˧˩]

[kɨəŋ˦˩ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[kɨəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 強 (“strong”) and 水 (“water”).

vi-etym-sino

nước cường toan
nước cường toan#Vietnamese

(chemistry) Synonym of nước cường toan (“aqua regia”)


ngựa thành Tơ-roa

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ zwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

ngựa (“horse”) + thành (“castle; fort; city”) + Tơ-roa (“Troy”), calque of French cheval de Troie.


vô cực

[vo˧˧ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無極 (“boundless”).


Vovinam

[vɔ˧˧ vi˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[jɔ˧˧ jɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

Anglicized clipping of Võ Việt Nam (literally “Vietnamese Martial Arts Form”).


thể thuật

[tʰe˧˩ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體術, from Japanese 体術.


kiếm đạo

[kiəm˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[kiəm˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[kim˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 劍道, from Japanese 剣道.


võ thuật

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[vɔ˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[vɔ˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

[jɔ˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武術. Doublet of ủ su.


kiếm thuật

[kiəm˧˦ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kiəm˦˧˥ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kim˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 劍術, from Japanese 剣術.


Việt Võ Đạo

[viət̚˧˨ʔ vɔ˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ vɔ˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩˨ vɔ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ jɔ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越 (“Vietnamese”) and 武道 (“martial arts”).

vi-etym-sino

(neologism, martial arts) Synonym of Vovinam


chủ tịch

[t͡ɕu˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ tɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˨˩˦ tɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 主席, composed of 主 (“main; principal”) and 席 (“seat”), from Chinese 主席 (zhǔxí).

chairperson
person presiding over a meeting

chủ tịch hội đồng quản trị

Chủ tịch Quốc hội

head of a corporate or governmental board of directors, a committee, or other formal entity

Near-synonym: tổng thống (“president of non-communist/socialist country”)

chủ tịch nước

chủ tịch Việt Nam

Chủ tịch Mao Trạch Đông

president (of communist/socialist country)


mề đay

[me˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˧]


mề đay

[me˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˧]


không thủ

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰu˧˩]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 空手, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 空手


nước cường toan

[nɨək̚˧˦ kɨəŋ˨˩ twaːn˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ kɨəŋ˦˩ twaːŋ˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ kɨəŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧]

nước (“water; liquid”) + Chinese 強／强 (“strong”) + 酸 (suān, “acid”).


hiệp khí đạo

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ xi˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ xɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[hip̚˨˩˨ kʰɪj˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[hip̚˨˩˨ xɪj˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hiệp khí đạo.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合氣道, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 合気道 (aikidō)


võ sĩ đạo

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ si˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[vɔ˧˨ ʂɪj˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[vɔ˧˨ sɪj˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[vɔ˨˩˦ ʂɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[jɔ˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 武士道 (SV: vũ sĩ đạo), borrowed from Japanese 武士道 (bushidō)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vũ sĩ đạo</i>


tay kiếm

tay ("hand; man") + kiếm ("sword"). Similar to Chinese 手 (shǒu, “hand”), the "tay" pattern is also used on tay súng (“gunner”), tay bắn tỉa (“sniper”) and tay trong (“insider, spy”), referring to a practitioner or an expert of some field.


nhu đạo

[ɲu˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 柔道, composed of 柔 (“soft”) and 道 (“way”), from Japanese 柔道 (jūdō).


bắt mắt

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ mat̚˧˦]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ mak̚˦˥]

bắt (“to catch”) + mắt (“eye”). Compare Chinese 奪目／夺目 (đoạt mục), 搶眼／抢眼 (thưởng nhãn), 觸目／触目 (xúc mục), and English eye-catching.

to be eye-catching; to attract attention


vườn không nhà trống

[vɨən˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

(history) a strategy that was performed by Trần Hưng Đạo, with which he lured the enemy (the Yuan army) into an empty residential area where there were no residents and no food supply, weakening them, minimizing damage to the Trần army, in order to strike back a while later. Literally meaning "empty gardens, empty houses".


võ sĩ

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ si˦ˀ˥]

[vɔ˧˨ ʂɪj˧˨]

[vɔ˧˨ sɪj˧˨]

[vɔ˨˩˦ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[jɔ˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 武士 (SV: vũ sĩ), from Japanese 武士, influenced by võ (“martial arts”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vũ sĩ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(sports) combat sport contender; judoka, karateka, boxer, etc.


không thành kế

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ ke˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩ kej˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không thành kế.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 空城計, composed of 空 (“empty”), 城 (“fort”) and 計 (“strategy”), from Chinese 空城計／空城计 (kōngchéngjì), the 32nd of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.


議院

chữ Hán form of nghị viện (“parliament”).


Mĩ

Tai Dam: ꪢꪲ꫁

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美; contracted from 美國／美国 (Mĩ Quốc), in turn contracted from Mandarin 美利堅／美利坚 (Měilìjiān, Mĩ Lợi Kiên) + 國／国 (quốc, “country”), from English American.

der

(informal, colloquial) United States; America


Mĩ

Tôi là người Mĩ.


vô cùng

[vo˧˧ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


vô cùng

[vo˧˧ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


vô cùng

[vo˧˧ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


đai

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 帶 (SV: đái).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đái</i>

vi-etym-sino

đai đen

đai xanh 2 đẳng

Cuối tuần này tao thi lên đai.

I'm gonna be taking a rank-up exam near the end of this week.


đai

Cái máy tính này đai rồi.

(computing, slang) to malfunction; to crash; to be broken


võ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武, common reading of vũ.

quan võ


võ

học võ


Niu Oóc

[niw˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˦]

[niw˧˧ ʔɔk̚˦˧˥]

[niw˧˧ ʔɔk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Niu Oóc.wav

Tiểu bang: A-la-ba-ma · A-lát-xca · A-ri-xô-na · A-can-xò · Ca-li-phoóc-ni-a · Cô-lô-ra-đô · Con-nếch-ti-cớt · Đe-la-oe · Phlo-ri-đa · Gióoc-gia · Ha-oai · Ai-đa-hô · I-li-noi · In-đi-a-na · Ai-ô-oa · Can-xát · Ken-tắc-ky · Lu-i-di-a-na · Mên · Me-ri-len · Me-xơ-chu-xít · Mi-si-gân · Min-nê-xô-ta · Mít-xi-xi-pi · Mít-xu-ri · Môn-ta-na · Nê-brát-xca · Nê-va-đa · Niu Hem-sơ · Niu Giơ-xi · Niu Mê-hi-cô · Niu Oóc · Bắc Ca-rô-li-na · Bắc Đa-cô-ta · Ô-hai-ô · Ốc-la-hô-ma · Ô-rê-gân · Pen-xin-va-ni-a · Rốt Ai-len · Nam Ca-rô-li-na · Nam Đa-cô-ta · Ten-nét-xi · Tếch-dớt · U-ta · Vơ-môn · Vơ-gi-ni-a · Oa-sinh-tơn · Tây Vơ-gi-ni-a · Uýt-côn-xin · Oai-ô-minh

Lãnh thổ: Xa-moa thuộc Mĩ · Gu-am · quần đảo Bắc Ma-ri-a-na · Pu-éc-tô Ri-cô · Các tiểu đảo xa của Hoa Kì · quần đảo Vơ-gin thuộc Mĩ


Khăn Đỏ

[xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ
Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ#Vietnamese

Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood#English

Short for Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ (“Little Red Riding Hood”). (the main character in this story)


ủ su

[ʔʊw˧˨ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˨ sʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˨˩˦ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˨˩˦ sʊw˧˧]

From Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù). Doublet of võ thuật.

zh-l

武術／武术 (wǔshù)


Bạch Tuyết

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ twiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白雪, composed of 白 (“white”) and 雪 (“snow”)

vi-etym-sino

Nàng Bạch Tuyết và bảy chú lùn


Lọ Lem

[lɔ˧˨ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩˨ lɛm˧˧]

lọ (“soot”) + lem (“to be blurred; to be contaminated”).

af

Cô bé Lọ Lem


Bạch Mã

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白馬 (“white horse”).

vi-etym-sino

Đà Nẵng
Đà Nẵng

A mountain range in Vietnam, lying between Thừa Thiên-Huế Province and Đà Nẵng City

a national park named after the mountain range


Hê-ra-clét

Borrowed from French Héraclès. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French.


Bạch Mã Hoàng Tử

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥ hwaːŋ˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白馬 (“white horse”) and 皇子 (“imperial prince”), from Chinese 白馬王子／白马王子 (Bạch Mã Vương Tử).


Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ

[ko˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˦ kwaːŋ˨˩ xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

cô bé (“little girl”) + quàng (“to wear around the neck”) + khăn (“scarf”) + đỏ (“red”)


gỉ

gỉ mắt
eye boogers

gỉ mũi


thái tử

[tʰaːj˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ tɨ˧˨]

[tʰaːj˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]


phò mã

[fɔ˨˩ maː˦ˀ˥]

[fɔ˦˩ maː˧˨]

[fɔ˨˩ maː˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 駙馬 (SV: phụ mã).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phụ mã</i>

vi-etym-sino

kén phò mã


quận chúa

[kwən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[kwəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[wəŋ˨˩˨ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郡主 (SV: quận chủ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quận chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

princess, sister or niece of a monarch (king, emperor)

princess, adoptive daughter of a prince who is a brother of the current monarch


thái hoàng thái hậu

[tʰaːj˧˦ hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]


vương gia

[vɨəŋ˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

prince, brother of a monarch (king, emperor)


藥理學

chữ Hán form of dược lý học (“pharmacology”).


hoàng thái hậu

[hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]


thái hậu

[tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]

Stratagems of the Warring States; Vietnamese translation Nguyễn Hiến Lê & Giản Chi; English translation by Paul R. Goldin

Queen Dowager Xuan of Qin loved Wei Choufu. When the Queen Dowager fell ill and was about to die, she issued an order, saying: “When I am buried, Master Wei must accompany me in death.”

Tuyên thái hậu nước Tần yêu Ngụy Xú Phu. Thái hậu đau nặng gần chết, ra lệnh: "Chôn ta thì phải chôn sống Ngụy Tử theo ta."

c. 91 BCE, Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian; Vietnamese translation by Phan Ngọc; English translation by Burton Watson
Lữ Thái Hậu là vợ của Cao Tổ từ lúc còn hàn vi, sinh Hiếu Huệ Đế, con gái là Lỗ Nguyên thái hậu.
Empress Dowager Lü was the consort of Kao-tsu from the time when he was still a commoner. She bore him Emperor Hui the Filial and the queen mother, Princess Yüan of Lu.

queen dowager, queen mother, empress dowager


語源學

ngữ nguyên học
ngữ nguyên học#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of ngữ nguyên học (“etymology”).


Nữu Ước

[niw˦ˀ˥ ʔɨək̚˧˦]

[nɨw˧˨ ʔɨək̚˦˧˥]

[nɨw˨˩˦ ʔɨək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nữu Ước.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紐約. Compare Hakka 紐約／纽约 (Niú-yok).

Các ông thử đến chơi thành Nữu-ước : trong thành phố thì các ông thấy lối kiến-chúc ^([sic]) nào cũng có, trong thư-viện thì sách văn-chương gì cũng có, trong nhà giáo-đường thì đủ các tôn-giáo, trong nhà diễn-kịch thì đủ các âm-nhạc, trong nhà ở riêng thì đủ các lối trang-sức trong thế-giới.

1917 July, Guglielmo Ferrero, “Triết-học bình-luận [Comments on philosophy]”, in Phạm Quỳnh, transl., Nam Phong tạp chí (Cái vấn-đề về sự tiến-bộ), volume 1, number 1, page 32:

The men tried visiting New York city: in the city they encountered every style of architecture, in the libraries every book of literature, in the churches every religion, in the theatres every kind of music, in private homes every fashion of the world.

Sang ngày 19 tháng 8 lại tiếp được một tờ tư của tòa công sứ ấy nữa, đại khái nói rằng: “Tôn Văn trong ngày 23 tháng 9 tây tức là ngày 17 tháng 8 ta đã từ Nữu-ước đáp tàu sang cửa biển Lê-hoa-phố nước Anh và sẽ từ đó lên bờ”.

1937 October 30, Phan Khôi, “Một cái sử liệu về chuyện Tôn Văn ngộ nạn ở Luân-đôn [An account of Sun Yat-sen in danger in London]”, in Đông Dương tạp chí, number 25, Hanoi, pages 12–14:

On September 23 [August 17 O.S.], Sun Yat-sen boarded a ship at New York bound for Liverpool in England and from there went ashore.

Quả bom ống gửi đến văn phòng Nữu Ước của CNN được gói trong một cái bao thư lớn (manila envelope), đề tên người nhận là ông John O. Brennan, cựu giám đốc CIA dưới trào Obama.

2018 October 28, Nguyễn Đạt Thịnh, “Đòn độc bằng bom ống”, in Nguoi Viet Daily News, Westminster, California, retrieved 2021-02-08:

The pipe bomb was sent to the New York office of CNN, enclosed in a manila envelope addressed to John O. Brennan, the former CIA director under Obama.

Ít ai hiểu được tầm quan trọng của sự giúp đỡ của ba chuyên viên Ba Tư này cho đến khi một bà Dân biểu của đơn vị Manhattan, Nữu Ước, thuộc đảng Dân Chủ, yêu cầu Bộ Ngoại giao Hoa Kỳ xác nhận rằng VNCH không có sự giúp đỡ của Hoa Kỳ trong việc khai thác dầu ngoài khơi.

2019 December, Nguyễn Đức Cường, “Cảm nghĩ nhân tang lễ ông Phạm Kim Ngọc [Thoughts regarding the funeral of Phạm Kim Ngọc]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name); republished as Tang lễ ông Phạm Kim Ngọc: Không buồn phiền, không hối tiếc [Funeral of Phạm Kim Ngọc: Not saddened, not sorry], Voice of America, 2019 December 21:

Few could understand the importance of the help given by the three Persian specialists until a congresswoman from Manhattan, New York, a Democrat, requested that the United States State Department acknowledge that the Republic of Vietnam did not have the help of the U.S. in developing offshore oil.

(dated) New York, New York City (a city in New York, United States)

Các vị này có hai cơ sở, một sở Ossining tiểu bang Nữu Ước, một ở Lakewood tiểu bang New Jersey.

2017 April 17, Nguyễn Đức Cung, “Linh Mục Cao Văn Luận Và Lý Tưởng “Lương Sư Hưng Quốc” Trong Đạo Kẻ Sĩ”, in VietCatholic News, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2021-02-08:

They had two headquarters, one in Ossining, New York, and the other in Lakewood, New Jersey.

(dated) New York (a state of the United States)


Hi Mã Lạp Sơn

[hi˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥ laːp̚˧˨ʔ səːn˧˧]

[hɪj˧˧ maː˧˨ laːp̚˨˩ʔ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[hɪj˧˧ maː˧˨ laːp̚˨˩ʔ səːŋ˧˧]

[hɪj˧˧ maː˨˩˦ laːp̚˨˩˨ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[hɪj˧˧ maː˨˩˦ laːp̚˨˩˨ səːŋ˧˧]


giờ Tí

[zəː˨˩ ti˧˦]

[jəː˦˩ tɪj˨˩˦]

[jəː˨˩ tɪj˦˥]

giờ (“hour”) + Tí (the earthly branch of the Rat)

af

(archaic) a period of time, from 11 PM to 1 AM


bệnh trầm kha

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ ʈəm˦˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ ʈəm˦˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ ʈəm˨˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ ʈəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 病 (“disease”) and 沉痾 (“chronic illness”).

vi-etym-sino

Tệ quan liêu là một căn bệnh trầm kha.

Bureaucracy is a bad and chronic behavior.


giờ Dần

[zəː˨˩ zən˨˩]

[jəː˦˩ jəŋ˦˩]

[jəː˨˩ jəŋ˨˩]

giờ (“hour”) + Dần (the earthly branch of the Tiger)

af

(archaic) a period of time, from 3 AM to 5 AM


trầm kha

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˦˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˦˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˨˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]

(archaic) chronic disease, chronic illness


trầm kha

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˦˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˦˩ xaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˨˩ kʰaː˧˧]

[ʈəm˨˩ xaː˧˧]


giờ Thìn

[zəː˨˩ tʰin˨˩]

[jəː˦˩ tʰin˦˩]

[jəː˨˩ tʰɨn˨˩]

giờ (“hour”) + Thìn (the earthly branch of the Dragon)

(archaic) a period of time, from 7 AM to 9 AM


Địa Chi

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ cɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地支 (“Earthly Branch”).


giờ Tị

[zəː˨˩ ti˧˨ʔ]

[jəː˦˩ tɪj˨˩ʔ]

[jəː˨˩ tɪj˨˩˨]

giờ (“hour”) + Tị (the earthly branch of the Snake)

af

(archaic) a period of time, from 9 AM to 11 AM


Sửu

(dated) a female given name from Chinese

the second earthly branch represented by the Ox


Dần

the third earthly branch represented by the Tiger


giờ Mùi

[zəː˨˩ muj˨˩]

[jəː˦˩ muj˦˩]

[jəː˨˩ muj˨˩]

giờ (“hour”) + Mùi (the earthly branch of the Goat)

(archaic) a period of time, from 1 PM to 3 PM


giờ Thân

[zəː˨˩ tʰən˧˧]

[jəː˦˩ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[jəː˨˩ tʰəŋ˧˧]

giờ (“hour”) + Thân (the earthly branch of the Monkey)

(archaic) a period of time, from 3 PM to 5 PM


Tết Đoan Ngọ

[tet̚˧˦ ʔɗwaːn˧˧ ŋɔ˧˨ʔ]

[tet̚˦˧˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧ ŋɔ˨˩ʔ]

[təːt̚˦˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧ ŋɔ˨˩˨]

Tết ("feast, New Year’s Eve") + Sino-Vietnamese word from 端午.


Thìn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 辰 (“fifth earthly branch”, SV: thần). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but Thìn's /-in/ is unlikely to be a Sino-Vietnamese rhyme, compared to the likely one /-ən/ in thần. See also Tí, Mẹo, Ngọ, Mùi.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thần</i>

vi-etym-sino

the fifth earthly branch represented by the Dragon


Tị

the sixth earthly branch represented by the Snake


Ngọ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 午. Regular reading should be Ngỗ; compare regular reading ngỗ of 仵 (MC nguX), homophone of 午 (MC nguX) in Middle Chinese.

the seventh earthly branch represented by the Horse


ngọ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 午. Regular reading should be ngỗ; compare regular reading ngỗ of 仵 (MC nguX), homophone of 午 (MC nguX) in Middle Chinese.


Tí

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 子 (SV: tử). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but the sắc tone in Tí is unlikely to be derived from the Middle Chinese rising tone, compared to the likely hỏi tone in tử. See also Mẹo, Thìn, Ngọ, Mùi.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tử</i>

vi-etym-sino

the first earthly branch represented by the Rat


giờ Ngọ

[zəː˨˩ ŋɔ˧˨ʔ]

[jəː˦˩ ŋɔ˨˩ʔ]

[jəː˨˩ ŋɔ˨˩˨]

giờ (“hour”) + Ngọ (the earthly branch of the Horse)

af

(archaic) a period of time, from 11 AM to 1 PM


ban công

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]


giờ Mão

[zəː˨˩ maːw˦ˀ˥]

[jəː˦˩ maːw˧˨]

[jəː˨˩ maːw˨˩˦]

giờ (“hour”) + Mão (the earthly branch of the Cat)

(archaic) a period of time, from 5 AM to 7 AM


Thân

the ninth earthly branch represented by the Monkey


太皇太后

thái hoàng thái hậu
thái hoàng thái hậu#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of thái hoàng thái hậu (“grand empress dowager”).


giờ Tuất

[zəː˨˩ twət̚˧˦]

[jəː˦˩ twək̚˦˧˥]

[jəː˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

giờ (“hour”) + Tuất (the earthly branch of the Dog)

(archaic) a period of time, from 7 PM to 9 PM


giờ Hợi

[zəː˨˩ həːj˧˨ʔ]

[jəː˦˩ həːj˨˩ʔ]

[jəː˨˩ həːj˨˩˨]

giờ (“hour”) + Hợi (the earthly branch of the Pig)

(archaic) a period of time, from 9 PM to 11 PM


giờ Dậu

[zəː˨˩ zəw˧˨ʔ]

[jəː˦˩ jəw˨˩ʔ]

[jəː˨˩ jəw˨˩˨]

giờ (“hour”) + Dậu (the earthly branch of the Rooster)

(archaic) a period of time, from 5 PM to 7 PM


Mùi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùi.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 未 (SV: vị). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but the huyền tone is unlikely to be derived from the Middle Chinese departing tone and ui is unlikely to be a Sino-Vietnamese rhyme, compared to the likely tone and rhyme in vị. See also Tí, Mẹo, Thìn, Ngọ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vị</i>

vi-etym-sino

the eighth earthly branch represented by the Goat in Vietnam and by the Sheep in China


Mão

the fourth earthly branch represented by the Cat in Vietnam and by the Rabbit in China


giờ Sửu

[zəː˨˩ siw˧˩]

[jəː˦˩ ʂɨw˧˨]

[jəː˦˩ sɨw˧˨]

[jəː˨˩ ʂɨw˨˩˦]

[jəː˨˩ sɨw˨˩˦]

giờ (“hour”) + Sửu (the earthly branch of the Bull)

af

(archaic) a period of time, from 1 AM to 3 AM


Tuất

the eleventh earthly branch represented by the Dog


Dậu

the tenth earthly branch represented by the Rooster


kết giới

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界, from Japanese 結界, introduced in Japanese manga

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, video games) energy barrier/shield, forcefield


Thiên Can

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]


kết giới sư

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界師, from Japanese 結界師, introduced in the Japanese manga Kekkaishi

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime) barrier master, kekkaishi


Hợi

the twelfth earthly branch represented by the Pig


Hợi

ngu như Hợi


báo cáo

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ kaːw˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ kaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ kaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 報告 (“to report, to inform”).


thổ địa

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

cách mạng thổ địa

the "revolutions" for publicizing private land

(communism) regarding the confiscation of private land owned by feudal landlords for public use, especially for poor indentured farmers


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


xăng-đan

[saŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːn˧˧]

[saŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːŋ˧˧]

[saŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːŋ˧˧]


nhạc mẫu

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ məw˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ məw˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ məw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 岳母 (“mother-in-law”).

(archaic) mother-in-law, mother of one's wife


phụ huynh

[fu˧˨ʔ hwïŋ̟˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ʔ hwɨn˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˨ wɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 父兄 (“father and elder brother (heads of a household)”).

Có muốn tôi gọi phụ huynh cậu không?

hội phụ huynh (học sinh)

(usually education) a parent (person from whom one is descended)


can chi

[kaːn˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ cɪj˧˧]

can (“related, bothering”) + chi (central Vietnamese version of gì).

(North Central Vietnam) It doesn't matter! It's no big deal!


nhạc phụ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 岳父 (“father-in-law”).

(archaic) father-in-law, father of one's wife


đàn hạc

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ haːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ haːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ haːk̚˨˩˨]


ba toong

[ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔŋ˧˧]


Na Tra

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哪吒 (SV: Na Trá).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Na Trá</i>


khỉ mặt chó

[xi˧˩ mat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[kʰɪj˧˨ mak̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[xɪj˧˨ mak̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ mak̚˨˩˨ cɔ˦˥]

[xɪj˨˩˦ mak̚˨˩˨ cɔ˦˥]

khỉ (“monkey; ape”) + mặt (“face”) + chó (“dog”), literally "dog-faced monkey"


khỉ đầu chó

[xi˧˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[kʰɪj˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[xɪj˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ cɔ˦˥]

[xɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ cɔ˦˥]

khỉ (“monkey; ape”) + đầu (“head”) + chó (“dog”), literally "dog-headed monkey"


Dương Tiễn

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tiən˦ˀ˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊戩 (SV: Dương Tiển).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Dương Tiển</i>


á thần

[ʔaː˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞神, composed of 亞 (“sub-”) and 神 (“god”). The prefix 亞 denotes secondariness or lesserness rather than the notion of a demigod as a genealogical "half-god". Japanese 亜神 (ashin, “demigod”) and Japanese 亜人 (ajin, á nhân, “demihuman”) are also found in contemporary fantasy.

Hồ sơ á thần

(neologism, mythology, fantasy) Synonym of bán thần (“a demigod”)


vị tha

[vi˧˨ʔ tʰaː˧˧]

[vɪj˨˩ʔ tʰaː˧˧]

[vɪj˨˩˨ tʰaː˧˧]

[jɪj˨˩˨ tʰaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 爲 (“for”) and 他 (“others”).

lòng vị tha


vị kỉ

[vɪj˨˩ʔ kɪj˧˨]

[vɪj˨˩˨ kɪj˨˩˦]

[jɪj˨˩˨ kɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 爲 (“for”) and 己 (“self”).

tính/lòng vị kỉ


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 死神, composed of 死 (“death”) and 神 (“god”).

a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Harry Potter và Bảo Bối Tử Thần

(literary) associated with death, or deities or personifications of death


Can Chi

[kaːn˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ cɪj˧˧]


Tân

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty


cứu cánh

[kɨw˨˩˦ kɛɲ˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 究竟 (“outcome”).


cứu cánh

[kɨw˨˩˦ kɛɲ˦˧˥]

(proscribed) to save; to rescue; to salvage


băng-đô

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]


ruy-băng

vi-noun

(classifier sợi, tấm, miếng, cái) ruy-băng

sợi (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
miếng (classifier)
cái (classifier)

[ɹwi˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɹwɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɹwɪj˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]


công-te-nơ

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɛ˧˧ nəː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɛ˧˧ nəː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɛ˧˧ nəː˧˧]

container, large metal box for transporting goods


Phù Tang

[fu˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 扶桑 (an alternate Chinese name of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), derived from the name of a legendary tree that was said to have grown somewhere in the East China Sea (東海／东海 (Dōnghǎi)), where the sun rose. The name was also used to refer to the sun, and a legendary country that was located in the East.

(literary, Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan

xứ Phù Tang

(literary) Synonym of Nhật Bản (“Japan (an island country in Asia)”)


kì thủ

[kɪj˦˩ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kɪj˨˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

(competitive board games) a board game player


cước

Sino-Vietnamese word from 腳 (“foot, leg”).


cước

(of Internet/telephone/cable TV service) charge


cước

(medicine, pathology) affected by a frostbite


tháng giêng

head

躺/𣎃 + 正/征/𦙫/𣦓/𥢆

vi-noun

躺/𣎃 + 正/征/𦙫/𣦓/𥢆

[tʰaːŋ˧˦ ziəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ jiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ jiəŋ˧˧]

tháng (“month”) + non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 正 (“principal (month)”, SV: chinh), calque of Chinese 正月 (chinh nguyệt).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chinh</i>

vi-etym-sino

(by extension, literary or on certain printed calendars) January


Cà Mau

head

Cà Mau • (哥毛, 歌毛, 歌牟)

→ English: Cà Mau

From Khmer ទឹកខ្មៅ (tɨk khmaw, “ink”, literally “black water”).

der

Cà Mau (the southernmost province of Vietnam)

Cà Mau (the capital city of that province)


mây mưa

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mây mưa.wav


so le

head

芻/趨/抠/搊/摳/攄/𢫘/𨋤/𨎆/𨏧 + 离/離

vi-adj

芻/趨/抠/搊/摳/攄/𢫘/𨋤/𨎆/𨏧 + 离/離

The second element is also seen in song le.

Đôi đũa so le thế này khó gắp lắm.

Chopsticks this uneven are very difficult to pick up things with.


công quốc

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公國, composed of 公 (“duke; European sovereign prince”) and 國 (“country”).

vi-etym-sino

Công Quốc Mô-na-cô
the Principality of Monaco

Đại Công Quốc Lúc-xăm-bua
the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg


hợp chúng quốc

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦ kuək̚˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˦˥ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合眾國, composed of 合 (“united”), 眾 (“masses”) and 國 (“country; state”), from Chinese 合眾國／合众国 (hézhòngguó). The exact etymology is unclear.
* The 眾／众 (“the masses”) (Japanese 衆 (shū)) might have been a misinterpretation of Japanese 州 (shū, châu, “province; state”), thus a literal "united states"
* 合眾／合众 (literally “the united masses”) or 眾國／众国 (literally “states of the masses”) might convey something similar to 共和 (gònghé, “republican (states)”), thus a "united republican states"

ncog

shū, <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">châu</i>

Hợp Chúng Quốc Mĩ/Hoa Kì

Hợp Chúng Quốc Mê-hi-cô

Hợp Chúng Quốc Cô-lôm-bi-a

(almost always in countries' official names) the united states


a còng

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˨˩]

(computing, Northern Vietnam) at sign (@)


a móc

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˦˥]

(computing, Southern Vietnam) at sign (@)


công ti

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ti˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-công ti.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公司, composed of 公 (“public; duke”) and 司 (“agency”), Chinese 公司 (gōngsī).


chi phiếu

[t͡ɕi˧˧ fiəw˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ fiw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支票 (“cheque”).

a cheque; check (a kind of bank order document)


ngày sinh

[ŋaj˨˩ sïŋ˧˧]

[ŋaj˦˩ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ŋaj˦˩ sɨn˧˧]

[ŋa(ː)j˨˩ ʂɨn˧˧]


bật mí

[ʔɓət̚˧˨ʔ mi˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˨˩ʔ mɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓək̚˨˩˨ mɪj˦˥]

From bí mật (“secret”), generated through the nói lái process, with semantic influence from bật (“to switch on”) and mí (“eyelid”).

vi-etym-lai

bật mí bí mật

to reveal (a secret, an unknown fact, a tip)


chắt

a sitting game using sticks and balls (similar to jacks)


chút

Compare Nyah Kur [Nam Lao] chɯ̀ɯt and Mon အစုတ် (“short time, moment”).


chút

head

𡭧, 𡭱, 𡮍, 𢮬, 𪨀, 𪨃, 𫴺, 𫵀

vi-adj

𡭧, 𡭱, 𡮍, 𢮬, 𪨀, 𪨃, 𫴺, 𫵀

𡭧 (CJK)
𡭱 (CJK)
𡮍 (CJK)
𢮬 (CJK)
𪨀 (CJK)
𪨃 (CJK)
𫴺 (CJK)
𫵀 (CJK)

𩚵咹沛𩛷
埃𩛜時朱
扒𠰘吹𢚸
每𠊛沒𡮍

14th century, Mạc Đĩnh Chi, Giáo tử phú 敎子賦:

Eating just enough for the day
Giving food to those in need
Don't use your mouth, tell your heart:
Everyone ought to give their sum.

Cơm ăn phải bữa
Ai đói thì cho
Bớt miệng xui lòng
Mỗi người một chút.

chờ chút


nhà xuất bản

[ɲaː˨˩ swət̚˧˦ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ swək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[ɲaː˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

nhà (“expert; artisan; house”) + xuất bản (“to publish”).


hoạ báo

[hwaː˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[hwaː˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[waː˨˩˨ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畫報 (“pictorial”).


chít

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 折 (“to bend; to twist; to fold”, SV: chiết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chiết</i>

vi-etym-sino

chít khăn


chít

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
bông (classifier)


時間表

thời gian biểu
thời gian biểu#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of thời gian biểu (“timetable”).


bể cá

[ʔɓe˧˩ kaː˧˦]

[ʔɓej˧˨ kaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɓej˨˩˦ kaː˦˥]


Mi-du-ri

[mi˧˧ zu˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[mɪj˧˧ jʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[mɪj˧˧ jʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


Xi-cô-cư

[si˧˧ ko˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ kow˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ kow˧˧ kɨ˧˧]


Đông Du

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ zu˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊw˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東遊 (“journey to the East”).

(historical, politics) a political movement founded by Phan Bội Châu that encouraged youths to go to study in Japan


Ra-ma-ya-na

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

(literature, poetry, epic poetry) Ramayana


phong vương

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fɔŋ˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

to grant a title of princeliness, with "prince" meaning a brother of the current king


Quê-béc

[kwe˧˧ ʔɓɛk̚˧˦]

[kwej˧˧ ʔɓɛk̚˦˧˥]

[wej˧˧ ʔɓɛk̚˦˥]

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


thần phong

[tʰən˨˩ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ fɔŋ˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神風, from Japanese 神風


Si-ca-gô

[si˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɣo˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Si-ca-gô.wav

Phần lớn các thành phố nằm ở phía nam vùng Hồ Lớn và ven Đại Tây Dương, nối tiếp nhau tạo thành hai dải siêu đô thị từ Bô-xtơn đến Oa-sinh-tơn và từ Si-ca-gô đến Môn-trê-an.

2011, “Phần ba - Thiên nhiên và con người ở các châu lục / Chương VII - Châu Mĩ / Bài 37 : Dân cư Bắc Mĩ / 2. Đặc điểm đô thị [Part Three - Nature and Peoples in the Continents / Chapter VII - The Americas / Lesson 37: Demographics of North America / 2. Cities]”, in Địa lí 7 [Geography 7], Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam, page 117:

Most cities are to the south of the Great Lakes and near the Atlantic Ocean, and together they form two strips of metropolises from Boston to D.C. and from Chicago to Montreal.

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


A-nhi

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]


Hôn-xiu

Thủ đô của Nhật là Tô-ki-ô (Đông Kinh), tên cũ là Ê-đô (Giang Hộ), nằm về phía đông đảo lớn Hôn-xiu.

1981, Nghiên cứu Nghệ thuật [Research into Art]:

Japan's capital is Tokyo, formerly known as Edo, located to the west of Honshu.


Phong Thần

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 封神, literally "to assign for godship", short for Phong Thần Diễn Nghĩa, from Chinese 封神演義／封神演义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì)

(colloquial) Fengshen Yanyi, an old Chinese novel

(colloquial) any work (TV series, video games, etc.) based on the novel


Tô-ki-ô

[to˧˧ ki˧˧ ʔo˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tô-ki-ô.wav

From English Tokyo, itself from Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō).

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


pha-ra-ông

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


phong thần

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風神, composed of 風 and 神, from Japanese 風神.

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]


phong thần

Sino-Vietnamese word from 封神, composed of 封 and 神.

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Những anh hùng dân tộc trong lịch sử được nhà vua phong thần và nhân dân lập đền thờ để ghi nhớ công lao giúp dân giúp nước.

The national (ethnic) heroes in history were deified by the king and the people built temples to commemorate their merits of helping their people and country.

to angelize; to beatify; to canonize; to deify; to apotheosize


khoáng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 礦. Doublet of quặng.

chất khoáng

nước khoáng


khoáng sản

[kʰwaːŋ˦˧˥ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[xwaːŋ˦˧˥ saːŋ˧˨]

[kʰwaːŋ˦˥ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[xwaːŋ˦˥ saːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鑛產, composed of 鑛 (“mineral”) and 產 (“product, produce, resource”).


mạt sát

[maːt̚˧˨ʔ saːt̚˧˦]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ saːk̚˦˥]


nước khoáng

[nɨək̚˧˦ xwaːŋ˧˦]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ kʰwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ xwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[nɨək̚˦˥ kʰwaːŋ˦˥]

[nɨək̚˦˥ xwaːŋ˦˥]


bản ngã

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ ŋaː˧˨]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ ŋaː˨˩˦]


I-li-noi

[ʔi˧˧ li˧˧ nɔj˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ nɔj˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ nɔj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-I-li-noi.wav


tiền đạo

[tiən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前 and 導 (“pioneer, guide”).


Ca-li-phoóc-ni-a

[kaː˧˧ li˧˧ fɔk̚˧˦ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ fɔk̚˦˧˥ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧ fɔk̚˦˥ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ca-li-phoóc-ni-a.wav

California (a state of the United States)


trung phong

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fɔŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]