u

khối (classifier)
cục (classifier)
幽 (CJK)
𢉾 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ʔuː (“hump (of a zebu)”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-u.wav


hen

Cognate with Kuy [Salavan] hɛːn ("to cough").


bướu

head

bướu • (肬, 𤷶, 𤹼, 𤺴)

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cục) bướu • (肬, 𤷶, 𤹼, 𤺴)

cái (classifier)
cục (classifier)
肬 (CJK)
𤷶 (CJK)
𤹼 (CJK)
𤺴 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *pɨəwʔ (“goiter; goitre”); cognates include Muong pưởu.


lẹo

mụt (classifier)
hột (classifier)
瞭 (CJK)


đái tháo đường

head

đái tháo đường

vi-noun

đái tháo đường

[ʔɗaːj˧˦ tʰaːw˧˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˦ tʰaːw˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˦˥ tʰaːw˦˥ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

đái (“to pee, to piss”) + tháo (“to excrete from the body in large quantities”) + đường (“sugar”).


suyễn

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 喘 (“to pant, to gasp”). Like hen (“asthma; to cough”), this word was originally a verb.


mề đay

[me˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˧]


cước

(medicine, pathology) affected by a frostbite


ung thư

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 癰疽 (“skin abscess, ulcer”).


bướu cổ

[ʔɓiəw˧˦ ko˧˩]

[ʔɓɨəw˨˩˦ kow˧˨]

[ʔɓɨəw˦˥ kow˨˩˦]


kiết lị

[kiət̚˧˦ li˧˨ʔ]

[kiək̚˦˧˥ lɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kiək̚˦˥ lɪj˨˩˨]

kiết (“dysentery”) + lị (“dysentery”). For another similarly structured compound denoting a sickness, compare hen suyễn (“asthma”).


căn

(pathology) indicates diseases, illnesses


kiết

kiết bạch

dysentery with diarrhoea that becomes white with mucus


mẫn cảm

[mən˦ˀ˥ kaːm˧˩]

[məŋ˧˨ kaːm˧˨]

[məŋ˨˩˦ kaːm˨˩˦]

Không dùng nếu mẫn cảm với các thành phần của thuốc.

Do not use if sensitive to the drug's ingredients.

(chiefly pathology, pharmacology) sensitive


triệu chứng

[t͡ɕiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʈiw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʈiw˨˩˨ cɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兆 (“omen; sign”) and 症 (“disease indication”). See also hội chứng (“syndrome”).

vi:Triệu chứng cơ năng
vi:Triệu chứng thực thể

triệu chứng thực thể

triệu chứng cơ năng


viêm xoang

[vim˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧]

[jim˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧]


rạ

From a Tai language. Compare Zhuang raq, Thai ห่า (hàa).
Might be interpreted as from the sense above due to internal folk etymology.

chết như rạ

(pathology, now chiefly in compounds or certain expressions) chicken pox


tiểu đường

[tiəw˧˩ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[tiw˧˨ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[tiw˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

tiểu (“to urinate”) + đường (“sugar”), perhaps calque of Chinese 糖尿病 (tángniàobìng, literally “sugary urine disease”).


bệnh tâm thần

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ təm˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

(pathology) mental illness; psychiatric disorder


da liễu

[zaː˧˧ liəw˦ˀ˥]

Blend of da (“skin”) + hoa liễu (“venereal”).

blend

bệnh da liễu

a disease that affects either the skin or the reproductive system

bệnh viện da liễu


sốt rét

[sot̚˧˦ zɛt̚˧˦]

[ʂok̚˦˧˥ ʐɛt̚˦˧˥]

[sok̚˦˧˥ ʐɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ʂok̚˦˥ ɹɛk̚˦˥]

[sok̚˦˥ ɹɛk̚˦˥]


xơ gan

[səː˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[səː˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


uốn ván

[ʔuən˧˦ vaːn˧˦]

[ʔuəŋ˦˧˥ vaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔuəŋ˦˥ vaːŋ˦˥]

[ʔuəŋ˦˥ jaːŋ˦˥]


sốt xuất huyết

[ʂok̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[sok̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʂok̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]

[sok̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]


bệnh tật

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ tət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ tək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ tək̚˨˩˨]

(collective, pathology) diseases; illnesses


dịch tả

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ taː˧˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ taː˧˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ taː˨˩˦]


tả

Sino-Vietnamese word from 瀉 (“to have diarrhoea”).

vi-etym-sino

(pathology, informal) Short for dịch tả (“cholera”).


ác tính

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ác tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 惡性, composed of 惡 (“evil”) and 性 (“quality”).

(pathology) malignant; nonbenign; pernicious


nhồi máu cơ tim

[ɲoj˨˩ maw˧˦ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]

[ɲoj˦˩ maw˨˩˦ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction

(pathology) myocardial infarction; heart attack


động kinh

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ kïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ kɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ kɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 動 (“to move”) and 經 (“nerve”).


ghẻ

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰɛːl⁵.
Borrowed from a late form of Old Chinese 疥 (OC *C.kˤr[e][p]-s) (B-S) when the coda *-p already lost but the postcoda *-s was still extant. The Vietic form (whatever stage it was) at the time of borrowing can be reconstructed as roughly *C-kɛːs.


hoa liễu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 花柳, composed of 花 (“flower”) and 柳 (“willow”), from Chinese 花柳 (huāliǔ, “red of flowers and green of willows; beauty; courtesan; brothel”), from Chinese 花柳病 (huāliǔbìng, “venereal disease”).

der

bệnh hoa liễu

(pathology) venereal; sexually transmitted


cùi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cùi.wav


lơ xê mi

[ləː˧˧ se˧˧ mi˧˧]

[ləː˧˧ sej˧˧ mɪj˧˧]

[ləː˧˧ sej˧˧ mɪj˧˧]


dịch hạch

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ hajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ hat̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ hat̚˨˩˨]

dịch (“epidemic”) + hạch (“lymph node, bubo”).


bệnh than

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ tʰaːn˧˧]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

bệnh (“disease”) + than (“coal”), blend of 病 (bệnh, “disease”) + 炭疽 (thán thư, “anthrax”). Compare thán thư (“anthracnose”).


chốc

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


thai ngoài tử cung

[tʰaːj˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ tɨ˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰaːj˧˧ ŋwaːj˦˩ tɨ˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰaːj˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


viêm ruột thừa

[viəm˧˧ zuət̚˧˨ʔ tʰɨə˨˩]

[viəm˧˧ ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ tʰɨə˦˩]

[vim˧˧ ɹuək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨə˨˩]

[jim˧˧ ɹuək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨə˨˩]


nhau tiền đạo

[ɲaw˧˧ tiən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaw˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)w˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]


thuyên tắc ối

[tʰwiəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˧˥ ʔoj˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˥ ʔoj˦˥]

amniotic fluid embolism
amniotic fluid embolism


thuyên tắc phổi

[tʰwiəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˧˥ foj˧˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˥ foj˨˩˦]


viễn thị

[viən˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˨ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠視, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 視 (“vision”).

vi-etym-sino

(pathology) long-sighted; far-sighted; hypermetropic


cận thị

[kən˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近視, composed of 近 (“near”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) short-sighted; near-sighted; myopic


viêm họng

[viəm˧˧ hɔŋ˨˩ʔ]


phong thấp

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəp̚˧˦]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəp̚˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəp̚˦˧˥]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəp̚˦˥]


thống phong

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ fɔŋ˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ fawŋ͡m˧˧]


lành tính

[lajŋ̟˨˩ tïŋ˧˦]

[lɛɲ˦˩ tɨn˦˧˥]

From lành (“docile”), based on ác tính (“malignant”). Compare Chinese 良性 (lương tính).
Despite similar shape, lành and lương are not etymologically related. In this case however, there was enough contamination that lành (< 令 (MC ljengH)) ended up displace 良 (MC ljang) in 良性 (lương tính).


tiền sản giật

[tiən˨˩ saːn˧˩ zət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʂaːŋ˧˨ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ saːŋ˧˨ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]

[tiəŋ˨˩ saːŋ˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]


sản giật

[saːn˧˩ zət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˧˨ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˧˨ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]


quai bị

[kwaːj˧˧ ʔɓi˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ]

[waːj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˨˩˨]


ung thư cổ tử cung

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ ko˧˩ tɨ˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ kow˧˨ tɨ˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ kow˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


viêm gan

[viəm˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[viəm˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[vim˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[jim˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

viêm gan B


ung thư gan

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


đề kháng

[ʔɗe˨˩ xaːŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗej˦˩ kʰaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗej˦˩ xaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗej˨˩ kʰaːŋ˦˥]

[ʔɗej˨˩ xaːŋ˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 抵抗 (SV: để kháng), probably via confusion with đề (提, “to guard against”), as in đề phòng (提防, “to take precautions against”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">để kháng</i>

vi-link

sức đề kháng

resistance against antigens, or more broadly, immunity in general

(pathology) to resist (against antigens)


mạn tính

[maːn˧˨ʔ tïŋ˧˦]

[maːŋ˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˧˥]

[maːŋ˨˩˨ tɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 慢性, composed of 慢 (“slow”) and 性 (“-ness”).

vi-etym-sino

Coordinate term: cấp tính

(pathology, of an illness) chronic and mostly impossible to heal


bệnh tay chân miệng

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ taj˧˧ t͡ɕən˧˧ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ taj˧˧ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ ta(ː)j˧˧ cəŋ˧˧ miəŋ˨˩˨]

hand, foot and mouth disease
hand, foot and mouth disease

(pathology) hand, foot and mouth disease


lở mồm long móng

[ləː˧˩ mom˨˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧ mawŋ͡m˧˦]

[ləː˧˨ mom˦˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧ mawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ləː˧˨ mom˦˩ lɔŋ˧˧ mɔŋ˦˧˥]

[ləː˨˩˦ mom˨˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧ mawŋ͡m˦˥]

foot-and-mouth disease
foot-and-mouth disease


viêm màng não mủ

[viəm˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˦ˀ˥ mu˧˩]

[viəm˧˧ maːŋ˦˩ naːw˧˨ mʊw˧˨]

[vim˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˨˩˦ mʊw˨˩˦]

[jim˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˨˩˦ mʊw˨˩˦]


viêm màng não

[viəm˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˦ˀ˥]

[viəm˧˧ maːŋ˦˩ naːw˧˨]

[vim˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˨˩˦]

[jim˧˧ maːŋ˨˩ naːw˨˩˦]


viêm cơ tim

[viəm˧˧ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]

[viəm˧˧ kəː˧˧ tim˧˧]


tiêu bản

[tiəw˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tiw˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tiw˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]


ngã nước

[ŋaː˦ˀ˥ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ŋaː˧˨ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋaː˨˩˦ nɨək̚˦˥]

Trâu bị ngã nước.

(pathology) Illness caused by moving buffalo and cattle from upland to lowland


máu trắng

[maw˧˦ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[maw˨˩˦ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

máu (“blood”) + trắng (“white”). Compare Chinese 白血病 (báixuèbìng, literally “white blood disease”).

ncog

bệnh máu trắng


chốc lở

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˧˦ ləː˧˩]

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ləː˧˨]

[cəwk͡p̚˦˥ ləː˨˩˦]

chốc (“impetigo”) + lở (“skin eruption”).


đối chứng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對症, composed of 對 (“to verify; match”) and 症 (“disease; symptom”).

vi-etym-sino

[ʔɗoj˧˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ cɨŋ˦˥]

(pathology) to verify; to check (the source of disease)


đối chứng

[ʔɗoj˧˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ cɨŋ˦˥]

(pathology) a control (subjects left unexposed)


quáng gà

[kwaːŋ˧˦ ɣaː˨˩]

[kwaːŋ˦˧˥ ɣaː˦˩]

[waːŋ˦˥ ɣaː˨˩]


ghẻ lở

[ɣɛ˧˩ ləː˧˩]

[ɣɛ˧˨ ləː˧˨]

[ɣɛ˨˩˦ ləː˨˩˦]

ghẻ + lở.
Contrary to some claims based on folk etymology, this compound is not related to French galeux.


thuỷ đậu

[tʰwi˧˩ ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩˨]


hen suyễn

[hɛŋ˧˧ ʂwiəŋ˧˨]

[hɛŋ˧˧ swiəŋ˧˨]

[hɛŋ˧˧ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

[hɛŋ˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

hen + suyễn. Both elements mean "asthma" by themselves and are also both originally verbs.


lang ben

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛn˧˧]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]


cấp tính

Sino-Vietnamese word from 急性, composed of 急 (“urgent”) and 性 (“-ness”)

Coordinate term: mãn tính


nhược cơ

[ɲɨək̚˧˨ʔ kəː˧˧]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ kəː˧˧]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩˨ kəː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弱 (“weak”) and 肌 (“muscle”).