仄

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


行

行: Hán Việt readings: hàng (canonical)
hành (canonical)
hãng (canonical)
hạng (canonical)
hạnh 行: Nôm readings: hàng (canonical)
hăng (canonical)
ngành (canonical)


hic

Onomatopoeia, from the sobbing sound. Compare hức (“sob; hic”).

(comics, Internet slang) dang; darn; aw man; man


đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot

(by extension, folklore, fantasy) a wand


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

(calligraphy) a stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


móc

cái (classifier)
木 (CJK)
鈢 (CJK)
𠣛 (CJK)
𢪮 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːk, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dɓɔk; cognate with Muong Bi bóc and Khmer ថ្ពក់ (thpŭək, “to hook”).


chàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郎 (“young person”, SV: lang). The same development of the initial can also be seen with chạp and possibly also chuồng (if the latter were indeed an early Chinese loan according to Alves, 2018).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lang</i>

vi-etym-sino

chàng hoàng tử

chuyện chàng Hậu Nghệ bắn hạ Mặt Trời

the tale of Hou Yi, the man who shot down the Suns

(humorous) anh chàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult man


chàng

俍众妾胋陳濁

c. 1800, Hồ Xuân Hương, Đánh cờ [A Game of Xiangqi]:

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) you (referring to beloved man)


dòng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-dòng.wav

xuống dòng


hàng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行. Doublet of hạnh. Cognate with Thai ห้าง (hâang), Lao ຫ້າງ (hāng), Khmer ហាង (haang).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hàng.wav


nàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 娘 (“lady”, SV: nương). Compare Thai นาง (naang).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nương</i>

vi-etym-sino

nàng tiên cá

(humorous) cô nàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult woman


nó

Probably originally a variant of nọ (“that yonder”).
For semantic relationship, compare French il, Spanish él (and other reflexes of Latin ille), Macedonian тој (toj), Japanese 彼 (kare), Turkish o.

(literary, fiction, narratology, disrespectful or familiar) he; him; she; her (used by the author when talking about a young person (especially the protagonist) or a non-human animal)


chữ Nôm

head

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

vi-noun

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ nom˧˧]

[cɨ˨˩˦ nom˧˧]

chữ (“character”) + Nôm, literally "the southern characters" wherein "southern" refers to Vietnam as opposed to northern which is China.

(writing) a historical writing system derived from Chinese characters that was once used to write Vietnamese


vè

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 話 (SV: thoại).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thoại</i>

vi-etym-sino

(poetry) a rhyming poetic and song form, most typical of northern Vietnam


chữ

head

𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘

vi-noun

𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘

(classifier con) chữ • (𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘)

con (classifier)
𡨸 (CJK)
𫿰 (CJK)
𡦂 (CJK)
𡨹 (CJK)
字 (CJK)
宁 (CJK)
楮 (CJK)
𫳘 (CJK)

→ Sedang: chu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 字 (“letter, character, word”, SV: tự). Cognate with Muong chữ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>

vi-etym-sino

sách có chữ rằng

chữ nghĩa

word and its meaning (literal); knowledge


bút

Tai Dam: ꪚꪴꪒ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 筆 (“writing brush, pen”). Doublet of viết (“to write”).

Ông là một trong những cây bút gạo cội của văn học Việt.

He was one of the seasoned penmen of Vietnamese literature.

(figurative, writing, journalism) someone who writes for a living, such as a professional writer, editorialist or journalist


gia

Dương huynh, ngươi dùng thương pháp dương gia thì ngọn đinh ba kia cũng hợp.

2005, chapter 1, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Mr Yáng, you fight the spear in the style of the Yáng lineage, making the trident over there appropriate.


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, from Tai Dam kurung or gurung. Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) a blood-sucking evil spirit in some ethnic minority folklores


cong

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ (“be bent”); cognates include Khmer កោង (kaong, “curved, be bent”) and Mon ကိုၚ် (“be bent”). See also Thai โค้ง (kóong), Chinese 弓 (cung).

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave left


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平 (“level; even”); originally the Northern reading. Its distribution likely already extended beyond Northern Vietnam by the time Vietnamese started to be written down in the Latin script. See also bình, the current chief form used in compounds and the main form in placenames in Southern Vietnam.
The expected reading of the Northern form would be *bềnh, which is unattested. Compare pairs such as bệnh vs. bịnh, nghênh vs. nghinh, lệnh vs. lịnh.
It is sometimes claimed that this form is due to the taboo of the title 北平王 (Bắc Bình/Bằng vương) of Quang Trung, but this is demonstrably false as bàng (as well as bàng an, bàng ien) is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the dialects of Northern Vietnam.

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being a ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a bằng tone


cô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孤 (“lonesome”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cô.wav

14th century, Luo Guanzhong Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 78; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
Hán Trung vương nói: - Cô kết nghĩa với Quan, Trương hai em ở vườn đào, thề cùng sống thác với nhau. Nay Vân Trường chẳng may bị hại, cô sao hưởng phú quý một mình được!

The King of Hanzhong said: - I swore an oath of fraternal rectitude with my two younger oath-brothers Guan, Zhang in the peach garden, pledging to live and die together. Now [Guan] Yunzhang unfortunately has been maliciously murdered, how can I enjoy riches by myself?


đoạn

đoạn văn

đoạn mở bài

đoạn kết bài


vịnh

Vịnh cái quạt

Vịnh đời người

Vịnh Hằng Nga
On Heng'e

(poetry) a type of poem that describes or comments on a particular subject


phách

Đêm qua chẳng biết có hay không,
Chẳng phải hoảng hốt, không mơ mòng.
Thật hồn! Thật phách! Thật thân thế!
Thật được lên tiên - sướng lạ lùng.

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]:

Not sure last night was real,
I don't think I was frightened or dreaming.
But rather, really spirited! Really zealous! Really lively!
Really got into heaven - so joyful.

(occult, folklore) a soul; a spirit (po as opposed to hun)


chuyển

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chuyển.wav


câm

For the sense of "orthographically silent", a semantic loan from French muet.

Mặc dù trong tiếng Pháp ta có từ "h aspiré" (tức "âm h bật hơi"), chữ "h" của tiếng Pháp luôn luôn câm.

Even though there's this thing called the "aspirated h" in French, the French letter "h" is always silent.


tiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仙, also written as 僊.

thần tiên

bát tiên

Hằng Nga Tiên tử
Heng'e the Hermit

(Chinese mythology or literature) a hermit (either of human or yokai origin) who trains themselves for thousands of years to become a Immortals (Tiên), or a state of existence between a human (nhân) and a god (thần)


chấm

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a dot (㇔)


ngoặc

(typography) Short for dấu ngoặc đơn (“parenthesis”).

mở ngoặc

đóng ngoặc

(typography) Short for dấu ngoặc kép (“double quotation mark”).


trắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仄 (“oblique”).

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) oblique (involving a rising or falling contour)

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang nor huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


thường

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thường.wav

(orthography, of a letter) small; lower-case


muội

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female junior among the speakers)


thể

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體 (“body; style; form”).

thể miêu tả/tự sự/nghị luận/kí


sổ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 竪 (“vertical”, SV: thụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

nét sổ ngang

nét sổ dọc


tình ca

[tïŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情歌, composed of 情 (“love”) and 歌 (“song”).

Câu chuyện là một bản tình ca hùng tráng, khơi dậy tình yêu quê hương, đất nước.

The story is an epic that evokes palpable love for one's home, one's country.

(literary, music, poetry, literature) a song, poem or narrative that evokes a strong feeling of love (romantic, patriotic, nostalgic or otherwise)


khí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khí.wav

sát khí

killing chi, provoked by killing intent (sát ý)

tà khí

linh khí

yêu khí

chướng khí

(fiction) an aura (chi) that can be sensed by chi masters, usually helps them notice the presence of someone or something even without seeing that person or thing


bản

Sino-Vietnamese word from 版 (“edition”).

bản sao

(printing, publishing) a version or copy


nét

nét sổ


tiểu nhân

[tiəw˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tiw˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tiw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小人 (“villain”).

Zuo Zhuan; 2018, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

I, the low-born one, still have an elderly mother; she has tasted every kind of foods at home, yet she has never tasted delicacies belonging to you, my ruler. Now I beg you the ruler to allow the low-born me to bring these pieces of meat home to my mother.

Tiểu nhân còn mẹ già, những thứ ở nhà bà đều đã ăn qua, chỉ chưa nếm được những món ngon của quốc quân. Nay xin quốc quân cho phép tiểu nhân đem những miếng thịt này về nhà cho mẹ.

(Chinese fiction, humble) I/me, a low-born person


mệnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 命; this is the Northern form. Doublet of mạng, the Southern form.

Tuân mệnh/lệnh/chỉ!

(archaic or Chinese fiction) order from the monarch


thiếp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妾 (“concubine”).

俍众妾胋陳濁

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) I/me (referring to a beloved woman)


số

head

𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數

số • (𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數)

vi-noun

𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數

số • (𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-số.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 數 (“number, several, count, fate”). Perhaps also a clipping of chữ số (“digit”) and a semantic loan from English digital (see also kĩ thuật số (“digital”, literally “based on "digit/number-based" technology”). Compare French numérique (“numerical; digital”).

vi-etym-sino

số tháng 9-2016

(publishing) issue (a single edition of a newspaper or other periodical publication)


tỉ

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female senior among the speakers)

(Chinese fiction) you (used when speaking to a young woman on equal footing)


nghiêng

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave right


phu nhân

[fu˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫人, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 人 (“person”), from Chinese 夫人 (fūrén).

(historical, now chiefly fiction) a mistress, the wife of a wealthy man


chính tả

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ taː˧˩]

[t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ taː˧˨]

[cɨn˦˥ taː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正寫, composed of 正 (“correct; Traditional Chinese”) and 寫 (“to write”), from Chinese 正寫／正写 (zhèngxiě, “to write Traditional Chinese”). Compare Japanese 正写 (seisha, “certification of authenticity”) and Japanese 正写し (shōutsushi).


Tam quốc diễn nghĩa

[taːm˧˧ kuək̚˧˦ ziən˦ˀ˥ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[taːm˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥ jiəŋ˧˨ ŋiə˧˨]

[taːm˧˧ wək̚˦˥ jiəŋ˨˩˦ ŋiə˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三國演義 (“The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”).

vi-etym-sino

(literature) The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
vi:Tam quốc diễn nghĩa


huynh đệ

[hwïŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[hwɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[wɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兄弟, composed of 兄 (“elder brother”) and 弟 (“younger brother”).

tình huynh đệ

(archaic, now literary, Chinese fiction, collective) brothers

(Chinese fiction, collective) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


xì trum

[sɪj˦˩ ʈum˧˧]

[sɪj˨˩ ʈʊm˧˧]


hai chấm

[haːj˧˧ t͡ɕəm˧˦]

[haːj˧˧ t͡ɕəm˦˧˥]

hai (“two”) + chấm (“dot, point”), calque of French deux points.


A-sin

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology, literature) Achilles


kết giới

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界, from Japanese 結界, introduced in Japanese manga

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, video games) energy barrier/shield, forcefield


kết giới sư

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界師, from Japanese 結界師, introduced in the Japanese manga Kekkaishi

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime) barrier master, kekkaishi


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


Ra-ma-ya-na

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

(literature, poetry, epic poetry) Ramayana


Nô-bi-ta

[no˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nô-bi-ta.wav

(manga, anime) Nobita, the main character of the manga series Doraemon


Sở Khanh

[səː˧˩ xajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˨ kʰɛɲ˧˧]

[səː˧˨ xɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ kʰan˧˧]

[səː˨˩˦ xan˧˧]

(literature) a character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was infamous for cheating on women, including the title character, Thuý Kiều; he is usually considered the equivalent of Don Juan

(literature) that same character from Qingxin Cairen's Jin Yun Qiao, on which Nguyễn Du's work was based


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"
Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


Hoạn thư

[hwaːn˧˨ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 宦姐 (SV: Hoạn tả), short for Chinese 宦小姐 (Hoạn tiểu tả, “Miss Huan”), originated in Qingxin Cairen's Jin Yun Qiao

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hoạn tả</i>

bor

Hoạn <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiểu tả</i>

(literature) a female character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was known for her jealousy


ma nữ

[maː˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔女 (“witch”), literally "magical female". The syllable ma is often associated with its non-Sino-Vietnamese meaning (which is "ghost"), hence the common misapplication of the term.
Alternatively, simply from a compound of ma (“ghost”) + nữ (“female”).

(fiction) the ghost of a dead girl or woman


vần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 韻 (“rhyme”, SV: vận).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vận</i>

vi-etym-sino

vần bằng

a syllable with either the ngang or the huyền tone

vần trắc


hiệp vần

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ vən˨˩]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ vəŋ˦˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ vəŋ˨˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ jəŋ˨˩]

(poetry, of lines) to "rhyme", by ending in rhymes with the same trắc or bằng tones (e.g. ngang-ngang or huyền-ngang, but not ngang-sắc), and mostly the same, but sometimes permissible loosely similar, vowel-consonant sequences


bạt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 跋 (“epilogue”).


hư cấu

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˧˦]

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˨˩˦]

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 虛構 (“to fabricate”).

nhân vật hư cấu


đinh ba

[ʔɗïŋ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dăm ba.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 釘耙 (“nail rake”, SV: đinh bá), with Chinese 耙 (bá, “rake”) "eggcornized" by ba (“three”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đinh bá</i>

vi-etym-sino

(fiction, weaponry) the 九齒釘耙／九齿钉耙 (Cửu Xỉ Đinh Bá, literally “Nine-Toothed Rake”), the weapon of the magical pig man Zhu Bajie in Journey to the West


nằm

Cognate with Arem anam ("to brood").
Compare Proto-Katuic *-nam (whence Pacoh panám (“to set on eggs, to brood”)) and Proto-Khmuic *gnəm (“to hatch or brood eggs”).


đại ca

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大哥 (“eldest brother”), from Mandarin 大哥 (dàgē)


đệ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弟 (“younger brother”).


đệ

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the male junior among the speakers)


minh ti

Sino-Vietnamese word from 冥 (“underworld”) and 司 (“department”).

[mïŋ˧˧ ti˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

Hắn quyết chống chọi với nhà thầy, hiện đã kiện thầy ở Minh ti. Tôi thừa lúc hắn đi vắng nên lén đến đây báo cho nhà thầy biết để mà liệu kế, khỏi phải chết một cách oan uổng.

1952, Nguyễn Dữ, “Chuyện chức phán sự đền Tản Viên [The Story of the Judge at the Tản Viên Temple]”, in Ngô Văn Triện, transl., TRUYỀN-KỲ MẠN-LỤC [THE INFORMAL RECORDS OF STRANGE TALES], volume 1, quoted in NGỮ VĂN 10 NÂNG CAO, translation of 傳奇漫錄:

He's trying to take you down at all costs, and has sued you at the Underworld Department. I surreptitiously came here when he was away to warn you, so that you won't die of unjust cause.

Hơn nữa, lại có lời ghi chú là : « Trạng nguyên Mạc Đĩnh Chi chết xuống Minh ty (tức Âm ty) bảy ngày, thấy cảnh các địa ngục; sau được sống lại, làm bài phú dạy con ».

1978, Đinh Gia Khánh with Bùi Duy Tân and Mai Cao Chương, VĂN HỌC VIỆT NAM THẾ KỶ THỨ X ĐẾN NỬA ĐẦU THẾ KỶ THỨ XVII [VIETNAMESE LITERATURE FROM THE 10TH CENTURY TO THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY], Nhà xuất bản Đại học và Trung học Chuyên nghiệp:

There is also a note, “Zhuangyuan Mạc Đĩnh Chi descended to the Underworld Department seven days after he died and had a good view of the hells; when he was resurrected, he made a fu to teach his child.”

Năm giác quan dần dần dần liệt hoại, ôm căm hờn xuống tận minh ty, mối thù này muôn thuở còn ghi, lòng hận ấy nghìn năm khôn cởi.

2001, Phạm Gia Tín with Trần Hoàn and Toàn Minh, SÁNG TÁC VĂN NGHỆ Khu Tả Ngạn sông Hồng (1950-1955) [LITERARY WORKS on the Right Bank of the Red River (1950-1955)], page 60:

The five senses waste away, as one carries their resentment all the way to Hades, this hatred forever etched, that loathing shall never wear off.

Đáp xong lại kể chuyện mình đã nhận chức quan lớn dưới Minh Ty. Nghĩ đến tình giao du thân ái ngày xưa mới tìm thăm bạn.

2003, Hư Chu, NAM HẢI TRUYỀN KỲ [LEGEND OF THE SOUTHERN SEA], Nhà xuất bản Thuận Hoá:

He then told the story of how he got an important post in the Underworld Department. He only looked for his friend because he had reminisced about their earlier friendship.

(rare, fiction) Synonym of âm ti (“Yama's underworld department”)


chưởng

phim chưởng

a wuxia show, especially one where this move is used a lot

Giáng Long Thập Bát Chưởng

(martial arts, chiefly fiction) a move performed by pushing the front of the hand, with all fingers straightened, forward


trữ tình

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ tïŋ˨˩]

[ʈɨ˧˨ tɨn˦˩]

[ʈɨ˨˩˦ tɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 抒情, composed of 抒 (“to express”) and 情 (“emotion”).

Coordinate term: tự sự


tiên sinh

[tiən˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 先生, composed of 先 (“fore-”) and 生 (“born”).

(Chinese fiction) you, a senior or knowledgeable person


chị Hằng

[t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ haŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɪj˨˩ʔ haŋ˦˩]

[cɪj˨˩˨ haŋ˨˩]

chị (“elder sister”) + Hằng, from Chinese 姮娥 (Hằng Nga).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hằng Nga</i>

(folklore) a woman who got trapped on the Moon due to the lies of her younger brother, Cuội.


phái

Sino-Vietnamese word from 派. Doublet of phe.

Ta đã phái người đến giúp.


chữ cái

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kaːj˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kaːj˨˩˦]

[cɨ˨˩˦ kaːj˦˥]

chữ (“Han or Nôm character; letter”) + cái (“main”).


dấu móc

[jəw˨˩˦ mawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(typography) horn ( ̛ ), diacritic used to write the unrounded vowels ư and ơ in Vietnamese orthography


dấu nặng

[zəw˧˦ naŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jəw˨˩˦ naŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jəw˦˥ naŋ˨˩˨]

dấu (“diacritic”) + nặng (from the fact that the word nặng has the tone written with a dot below)

(typography) dot below, diacritic used to write the nặng tone in Vietnamese orthography


dấu mũ

[zəw˧˦ mu˦ˀ˥]

[jəw˨˩˦ mʊw˧˨]

[jəw˦˥ mʊw˨˩˦]


dấu ngã

[zəw˧˦ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[jəw˨˩˦ ŋaː˧˨]

[jəw˦˥ ŋaː˨˩˦]

dấu (“mark”) + ngã (“to trip; to fall”) (from the fact that the word ngã has the tone written with a tilde).
The dấu ngã diacritic itself derives from the Greek περισπωμένη (perispoméni, “circumflex”), which is a doublet of dấu mũ (“circumflex”).

(typography) tilde (tone mark in Vietnamese)


hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回 (“to return; occurrence classifier; chapter classifier”).

vi-etym-sino

Đã ba hồi trôi qua rồi mà chẳng thấy có tiến triển gì cả.

Three chapters past and there's still no progress.


nhân vật

[ɲən˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân vật.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人物, composed of 人 (“person”) and 物 (“thing”).


bối cảnh

[ʔɓoj˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔɓoj˨˩˦ kɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔɓoj˦˥ kan˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 背景, from Japanese 背景 (haikei).

Câu chuyện diễn ra trong bối cảnh thời hiện đại.


cường hoá

[kɨəŋ˨˩ hwaː˧˦]

[kɨəŋ˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[kɨəŋ˨˩ waː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 強化 (“to strengthen”).


viễn tưởng

[viən˦ˀ˥ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[viəŋ˧˨ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠想, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 想 (“to think”), perhaps modeled after giả tưởng. "Far" implies the "far future", and this term is mostly about futuristic science fiction.

khoa học viễn tưởng


phẩy

(calligraphy) a stroke that falling leftwards (㇒)


thúc phụ

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's younger brother or younger sister's husband)


bá phụ

[ʔɓaː˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's elder brother or elder sister's husband)


phu phụ

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫婦, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 婦 (“wife”), from Chinese 夫婦／夫妇 (fūfù).

(Chinese fiction) Synonym of phu thê (“a married couple”)


biên tập

[ʔɓiən˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-biên tập.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 編輯, from Chinese 編輯／编辑 (biānjí).

Biên tập
Vũ Văn A
Editor
Vũ Văn A

(writing, publishing, journalism, advertising, film, television) to edit


thúc

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


thanh mai trúc mã

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ maːj˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ maː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ maː˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青梅竹馬 (“green plums and bamboo horse”), from Chinese 青梅竹馬／青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ). Compare Japanese 竹馬の友 (chikuba no tomo, “childhood friend”, literally “bamboo horse friend”).

cog

bạn thanh mai trúc mã

the boy/girl who was one's childhood friend and with whom one's now falling in love

(chiefly fiction) alluding to the notion of being a childhood friend of the opposite sex to someone and growing to be in love with them or vice-versa


tiền bối

[tiən˨˩ ʔɓoj˧˦]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɓoj˨˩˦]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɓoj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前輩, composed of 前 (“fore-”) and 輩 (“generation”). Compare Japanese 先輩 (senpai, tiên bối).

vi-etym-sino

(fiction, especially translations from Japanese or Korean) an upperclassman; a senpai


sử thi

[sɨ˧˩ tʰi˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[sɨ˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

[sɨ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 史詩, composed of 史 (“history”) and 詩 (“poem”).


thi sĩ

[tʰi˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詩 (“poetry”) and 士 (“scholar”).


phóng sự

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 訪 (“to visit; to interview”) and 事 (“event; occurrence”).

(journalism, literature, television, radio) an editorial


độc giả

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ zaː˧˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ jaː˧˨]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ jaː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-độc giả.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 讀者, composed of 讀 (“to read”) and 者 (“-er”).

(media, journalism, publishing) a reader


thuỷ cung

[tʰwi˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水宮, composed of 水 and 宮.


tác phẩm

[taːk̚˧˦ fəm˧˩]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ fəm˧˨]

[taːk̚˦˥ fəm˨˩˦]


độn thổ

[ʔɗon˧˨ʔ tʰo˧˩]

[ʔɗoŋ˨˩ʔ tʰow˧˨]

[ʔɗoŋ˨˩˨ tʰow˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遁 (“to flee”) and 土 (“earth; ground; soil”)

Hôm qua quê chết đi được! Chỉ muốn độn thổ thôi!

Yesterday, I was so mortified I just wanted to teleport under the ground!


Cuội

nói dối như Cuội
to lie like Cuội

(folklore) the protagonist of a folkloric tale whose lie led to his elder sister chị Hằng's entrapment on the moon


sư bá

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師伯, composed of 師 (“master”) and 伯 (“elder uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's male senpai


sư nương

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師娘, composed of 師 (“master”) and 娘 (“lady”)


sư mẫu

[sɨ˧˧ məw˦ˀ˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師母, composed of 師 (“master”) and 母 (“mother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female teacher


sư tỉ

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師 (“master”) and 姉 (“elder sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female senpai


sư huynh

[sɨ˧˧ hwïŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師兄, composed of 師 (“master”) and 兄 (“elder brother”)

đại sư huynh

nhị sư huynh

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male senpai


sư thúc

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師叔, composed of 師 (“master”) and 叔 (“younger uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's kōhai (both male and female)


sư muội

[sɨ˧˧ muəj˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師妹, composed of 師 (“master”) and 妹 (“younger sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female kōhai


sư đệ

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師弟, composed of 師 (“master”) and 弟 (“younger brother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male kōhai


đệ tử

[ʔɗe˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗej˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗej˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弟子, composed of 弟 (“younger brother”) and 子 (“child; diminutive suffix”).

Analects VI.3; 1972, Vietnamese translation and annotations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Duke Ai [of Lu] asked: "Among your disciples, who likes to learn?" Confucius answered: "There was Yan Hui who liked to learn; he never shifted his anger [to someone else]; he never repeated any mistake. Unfortunately he died early; now I have none else. I have not heard of anyone else who likes to learn (as Yan Hui did)."

Ai Công hỏi: “Trong số đệ tử của thầy, ai là người ham học?” Khổng tử đáp: “Có Nhan Hồi ham học, anh ấy không giận lây, không mắc tới hai lần một lỗi; chẳng may anh ấy chết sớm; nay không còn ai nữa, tôi chưa được nghe nói có ai là người ham học”.

(archaic or Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's disciple


phu thê

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫妻, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 妻 (“wife”), from Chinese 夫妻 (fūqī).

Nhất bái thiên địa, nhị bái cao đường, phu thê giao bái.

Firstly you bow to heaven and earth, secondly you bow to your parents, only then can you bow to each other.


sư phụ

[sɨ˧˧ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師父, composed of 師 (“master”) and 父 (“father”)

Aaaa! Sư phụ tha tội! Con biết lỗi rồi!

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male teacher


bần tăng

[ʔɓən˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˦˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, Buddhism, humble) "this poor monk;" I; me


ái khanh

[ʔaːj˧˦ xajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ kʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ xɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˦˥ kʰan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ái khanh.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ái khanh.wav

Hoà ái khanh,...

Vua U Vương hỏi rằng: — Ái khanh không thích âm nhạc thì thích thứ gì? Bao Tự nói: — Thiếp tôi chẳng thích thứ gì cả, chỉ còn nhớ hôm xưa tay xé tấm lụa, tiếng kêu sàn sạt nghe cũng vui tai.

20th century [17th century], Feng Menglong, chapter 2, in Nguyễn Đỗ Mục, transl., Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou States:

King You asked: “What do you my darling like if not music?” Bao Si said: “I your concubine do not like anything at all; I only remember that I tore a sheet of silk with my hand yesterday and the ripping and rending sounds pleased my ears.”

(Chinese fiction, endearing, by a Chinese monarch to his favorite courtiers or consorts) "my dear courtier"; "my darling consort"; you


đại nhân

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大人. The suffix and pronoun are derived from the noun.

(honorific, archaic, now fiction) lord/lady; -sama; -dono


đại nhân

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

(honorific, archaic, now fiction) you, my lord/lady


gập

From Proto-Vietic *p-kǝp; cognate with gấp.

(calligraphy) Indicates change in stroke direction, usually 90° turn, going down or going right only.


cô nương

[ko˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, polite) a young girl or woman


công tử

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公子, composed of 公 (“duke”) and 子 (“child; son”), Literary Chinese 公子 (gōngzǐ).

(Chinese fiction, polite) you, young gentleman


bộ thủ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

(typography) a Chinese character radical


mẫu tự

[məw˦ˀ˥ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[məw˧˨ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[məw˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 母字, composed of 母 (“mother”) and 字 (“character”), anagram and misconstruction of Chinese 字母 (tự mẫu), perhaps due to the influence of chữ cái. Compare the case of có mặt (native compound) and hiện diện (its sinicized internal calque counterpart).


báo lá cải

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ laː˧˦ kaːj˧˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ laː˨˩˦ kaːj˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ laː˦˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-báo lá cải.wav

báo (“newspaper”) + lá cải (“cabbage leaf”), calque of French feuille de chou (“rag”).


sự tích

[sɨ˧˨ʔ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

[sɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事蹟 (“achievement”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).

vi-etym-sino

Sự tích gấu ăn trăng


ngọc nữ

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ nɨ˧˨]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉女, composed of 玉 (“gem”) and 女 (“female person”), from Literary Chinese 玉女 (yùnǚ, “beautiful girl”). Doublet of Ngọc Nữ.

der

Phụ nữ mê hoặc người nhất không phải là ngọc nữ thuần khiết, cũng không phải người phụ nữ trưởng thành xinh đẹp, mà là quá trình từ ngọc nữ trở thành người phụ nữ trưởng thành trong tay anh.

2015 December 25, “Chương 36: Nụ cười nghiêng thành [Chapter 36: Earth-Shaking Smile]”, in Tuyệt sắc khuynh thành [Absolute Earth-Shaking Beauty]:

The most alluring women are neither pure maidens nor beautiful mature women, but the transition from maiden to mature in your arms.

(uncommon, Chinese fiction) a beautiful girl or woman


dịch chuyển

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]


tái bản

[taːj˧˦ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[taːj˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[taːj˦˥ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tái bản.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 再版, composed of 再 (“re-”) and 版 (“version; edition; copy”).

vi-etym-sino

Tái bản lần thứ nhất

(literally, “Republished for the first time”)

Tái bản lần thứ ba

(literally, “Republished for the third time”)

(publishing, printing) either to republish (a new, revised edition of a book) or to reprint (new copies of the same edition within a single circulation)


tại hạ

[taːj˧˨ʔ haː˧˨ʔ]

[taːj˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ]

[taːj˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tại hạ.wav


văn xuôi

văn (“language; writing”) + xuôi (“flowy”), perhaps from the notion that prose "flows" easier than poetry (which is more restrictive in terms of syllable counts and rhymes)


đại trượng phu

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˨ʔ fu˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ʔ fʊw˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˨ fʊw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大丈夫, composed of 大 (“great”) and 丈夫 (“he-man”).

vi-etym-sino

nam tử hán đại trượng phu

nam nhi đại trượng phu, đầu đội trời, chân đạp đất

a great man who carries the sky with his feet firm on the ground

c. 300 BCE, Mencius; 1975 Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by A. Charles Muller
Ở cái chỗ rộng rãi trong thiên hạ [...], đứng ở chỗ chính đáng trong thiên hạ [...], noi theo con đường lớn trong thiên hạ [...]; hễ đắc chí thì cùng với dân mà hành đạo, bất đắc chí thì riêng mình hành đạo; cảnh phú quí chẳng làm cho mình phóng túng, bậy bạ; cảnh bần tiện chẳng làm cho mình đổi tiết tháo; uy quyền, võ lực không khuất phục được mình, như vậy là bậc đại trượng phu.

If you dwell in the great house of the world, are established in your correct position in the world, walk the great Path of the world; if you attain your ambitions for office, and then share your goodness with the people—or, not attaining your ambitions for office and walking alone on your own Path; if wealth and honor do not dissipate you, poverty and low status do not make you move from your principles; authority and might do not distort you: Then you can be called a “great man.”

(archaic, Chinese fiction) a virtuous, ambitious, admirable man


nguyên hình

[ŋwiən˧˧ hïŋ˨˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˦˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原形, composed of 原 (“origin”) and 形 (“form”)

hiện nguyên hình

to reveal one's true form; to show one's true colors

(Chinese mythology, folklore, of a shapeshifting monster in disguise) the original, true form


các hạ

[kaːk̚˧˦ haː˧˨ʔ]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ haː˨˩ʔ]

[kaːk̚˦˥ haː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-các hạ.wav


Ngọc Hoàng Đại Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇大帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 大帝 (“great emperor”), from Chinese 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì)

(Chinese mythology, folklore) Synonym of Ngọc Hoàng (“Jade Emperor”)


quả nhân

[kwaː˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[kwaː˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[waː˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寡人, composed of 寡 (“lonesome”) and 人 (“person”).

late 4th century BCE, Zuozhuan; 2020, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

Prithee, serve Yuyi as he'll rule the altars and the state, then I, though dead, will have no regret.

Xin ông phụng sự Dữ Di làm chủ xã tắc, quả nhân có chết cũng chẳng hối hận gì

late 4th century BCE, Mencius; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by A.C. Muller
Như quả nhân đây có thể bảo hộ dân chúng được chăng?

“Is someone like me capable of taking care of the people?”

(Chinese fiction, humble, by an East Asian monarch) I/me


Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇上帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 上帝 (“Shangdi”), from Chinese 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì).


Ngọc Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉帝, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 帝 (“emperor; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉帝 (Yù Dì)


Ngọc Hoàng

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 皇 (“sovereign; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉皇 (Yùhuáng)

A-lô. Thái Bạch Kim Tinh đấy hả ? Ờ. Đây là vấn đề nhạy cảm. Ngọc Hoàng đã chỉ đạo rồi. Phải chờ các Táo đã. Đúng rồi, các Táo biểu quyết thông qua. Phải bí mật đấy nhá.

2016, Táo Quân 2016 [Kitchen Gods 2016], spoken by Nam Tào (Xuân Bắc):

Hello? Is that Taibai Jinxing? Yeah. It's a delicate matter. The Jade Emperor has given instructions. We need to wait for the Kitchen Gods. That's right, they'll be putting on a vote. It's classified.

Không hiểu sau đó rồi vị thần ấy chết hay sống, hay là trở thành Ngọc Hoàng. Việc đó không thấy dân gian kể đến. Nhưng chắc rằng cũng cách khoảng thời gian ấy không lâu có một vị thần tên là Ngọc Hoàng hay ông Trời cai quản cai quản tất cả mọi việc trên trời dưới đất.

2022, “Sức hấp dẫn của truyện kể [The Appeal of Stories]”, in Ngữ văn 10 [Vietnamese 10], page 12:

It is not clear whether that god was alive or dead, or became the Jade Emperor. Folklore has no further details on that. But one thing for certain, not long after that time, there was a god called the Jade Emperor or Lord Heaven who look after all things in the universe.

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Jade Emperor


chuyện cổ tích

[t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˨˩ʔ kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古跡 (“old site”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


Tây du kí

[təj˧˧ jʊw˧˧ kɪj˨˩˦]

[təj˧˧ jʊw˧˧ kɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tây du kí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西遊記, composed of 西 (“west”), 遊 (“to travel”) and 記 (“record”), from Chinese 西遊記／西游记 (Xīyóujì).

(literature) Journey to the West, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


Kinh Dịch

[kïŋ˧˧ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɨn˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɨn˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

kinh + Dịch, calque of Chinese 易經／易经 (Dịch kinh), following the head-initial structure of Vietnamese, instead of head-final in the original language.

Kinh Xuân Thu: the Spring and Autumn Annals


bá tánh

[ʔɓaː˧˦ tajŋ̟˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ tɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ tan˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bá tánh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百姓, composed of 百 (“hundred”) and 姓 (“family name”), with the Southern reading of both characters.

(Chinese fiction) the commoners; the common folk; the citizens


thi nhân

[tʰi˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詩人, composed of 詩 (“poetry”) and 人 (“person”).


mẫu hậu

[məw˦ˀ˥ həw˧˨ʔ]

[məw˧˨ həw˨˩ʔ]

[məw˨˩˦ həw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 母后, composed of 母 (“mother”) and 后 (“empress consort”), from Chinese 母后 (mǔhòu).

(Chinese fiction, by an empress consort's child) you, my mother the empress


bổn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 本; this was originally the common form and later the Southern form. Doublet of vốn and bản, the Northern form.
bổn phận and bổn cũ soạn lại are the sole cases where this morpheme fully preserves its literary status in modern Vietnamese dialects, while other usages are considered "humorous" or "odd".

bổn cô nương

bổn công tử

bổn quan

bổn vương

(Chinese fiction, sometimes used ironically in real life) I/me, a respectable...

bản

originally Northern Vietnam, now widespread


Hoài Nam Tử

[waːj˨˩ naːm˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

(literature) The Huainanzi or Writings of the Masters South of the Huai River.


trường ca

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長歌, composed of 長 (“long”) and 歌 (“song”)

(poetry) Synonym of sử thi (“epic poem”)


tự sự

[tɨ˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 敘事 (“to narrate”).

Coordinate term: trữ tình

văn tự sự


câu cú

[kəw˧˧ kʊw˨˩˦]

[kəw˧˧ kʊw˦˥]

Alternative readings of Sino-Vietnamese word from 句.

(writing) how one phrases or structures their sentences


bôi đen

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bôi đen.wav

(writing, printing) to use black or blue ink to "delete" or redact text


điện hạ

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ haː˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨]

(historical or Chinese fiction) Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness


Thiên Lôi

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天 (“heaven”) and 雷 (“thunder”).

(folklore) a god who produces thunder and lightning with his ax


biên tập viên

[ʔɓiən˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ viən˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-biên tập viên.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 編輯 (“to edit”) and 員 (“-er”).

(writing, publishing, journalism, advertising, film, television) an editor


bố cục

[ʔɓo˧˦ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓow˦˥ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


cách cách

[kat̚˦˧˥ kat̚˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 格格, Mandarin 格格 (gége), from Manchu ᡤᡝᡤᡝ (gege).

(Chinese fiction) the title of a Manchu Qing princess


hạ giới

[haː˧˨ʔ zəːj˧˦]

[haː˨˩ʔ jəːj˨˩˦]

[haː˨˩˨ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 下界, composed of 下 (“below”) and 界 (“world”).

- “Trời nghe hạ giới ai ngâm nga,
Tiếng ngâm vang cả sông Ngân Hà!
Làm Trời mất ngủ, Trời đương mắng
Có hay lên đọc, Trời nghe qua”.

- The Lord heard someone reciting in the realm below,
Such recital echoed across the Milky Way!
It disturbed His slumber, it made Him mad
If you're so good, come to Heaven and recite to Him.


Ngưu Lang

[ŋiw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 牛郎, composed of 牛 (“cattle”) and 郎 (“boy”), Chinese 牛郎 (niúláng).

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Cowherd


Chức Nữ

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥ nɨ˧˨]

[cɨk̚˦˥ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 織女, composed of 織 (“to weave”) and 女 (“girl”), from Chinese 織女／织女 (zhīnǚ). Compare Japanese 織姫 (Orihime, literally “Weaving Lady”).

ncog

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Weaver Girl


yêu tinh

[ʔiəw˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tɨn˧˧]


độc thoại

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tʰwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tʰwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨 (“lone”) and 話 (“talk”).

vi-etym-sino

độc thoại nội tâm


văn vần

[vaŋ˧˧ vəŋ˦˩]

[vaŋ˧˧ vəŋ˨˩]

[jaŋ˧˧ jəŋ˨˩]

văn (“language; writing”) + vần (“rhyme”).

com

(poetry) poetry, but only in contrast with văn xuôi (“prose”)


Kinh Lễ

[kïŋ˧˧ le˦ˀ˥]

kinh + Lễ, calque of Chinese 禮經／礼经 (Lễ kinh), following the head-initial structure of Vietnamese, instead of head-final in the original language.

(literature) The Book of Rites or Classic of Rites (a classic Confucian text describing the social forms, administration, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou dynasty)


bảo bối

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ʔɓoj˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ ʔɓoj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɓoj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寶貝 (“precious shell”), from Chinese 寶貝／宝贝 (bǎobèi). See also Chinese 神奇寶貝／神奇宝贝 (Thần kì Bảo bối, “Pokémon”, literally “Magical Babies”).

cog

Tôn Ngộ Không thẳng tay tước lấy bảo bối "gậy như ý" từ Đông Hải Long Vương.

Sun Wukong straight up took the magical weapon known as the "Compliant Staff" from the Dragon King of the East Sea.

Harry Potter và bảo bối tử thần

Đôrêmon/Doraemon dùng bảo bối thần kì để giúp Nôbita.
Doraemon uses his gadgets to help Nobita.

(fiction) a magical artifact, relic, device, tool, instrument or weapon


kì ảo

[ki˨˩ ʔaːw˧˩]

[kɪj˦˩ ʔaːw˧˨]

[kɪj˨˩ ʔaːw˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 奇幻 (SV: kì huyễn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kì huyễn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Truyền thuyết thường chứa nhiều yếu tố tưởng tượng kì ảo.

Legends tend to feature imaginary, even fantastical, elements.


bút lông

cây (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
筆𣭜 (CJK)

[ʔɓut̚˧˦ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

bút (“writing instrument”) + lông (“hair”), calque of Chinese 毛筆／毛笔 (mao bút).


cao cường

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]

(chiefly martial arts and fiction) advanced; expert; masterful


chầu trời

[t͡ɕəw˨˩ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[t͡ɕəw˦˩ ʈəːj˦˩]

[cəw˨˩ ʈəːj˨˩]

thả cả chép, tiễn ông Táo lên chầu trời

to release a carp and give the Kitchen God a ride to heaven

(folklore, occult, of a god) to attend the heavenly court of the Jade Emperor


chúa tể

[t͡ɕuə˧˦ te˧˩]

[t͡ɕuə˨˩˦ tej˧˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 主宰 (“dominator; ruler”, SV: chủ tể).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chủ tể</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chúa tể của những chiếc nhẫn


văn vẻ

[vaŋ˧˧ vɛ˧˨]

[vaŋ˧˧ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jaŋ˧˧ jɛ˨˩˦]

văn (“writing”) + vẻ (“appearance”). Alternatively, this is simply an -e reduplication of văn, with the association with vẻ coming about later.

Bài này được. Văn vẻ phết !

(writing, of a written piece) that sounds literary; that sounds like good, well-structured writing


hồ lô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 葫蘆 (“calabash”).

Bảy anh em hồ lô

Ta thường thấy bên cạnh ông Thọ luôn treo một bình hồ lô lớn vì vậy hồ lô được coi là đồ vật tượng trưng cho sức khỏe và sự trường thọ.

Lord Longevity is always seen with a big calabash bottle, which is why these things are considered objects of good health and longevity.

(chiefly Chinese fiction or occult, feng shui) a bottle that resembles the figure 8, used to store magical potions or rice alcohol


thê tử

[tʰe˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[tʰej˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[tʰej˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妻子, composed of 妻 (“wife”) and 子 (“person; offspring”).

Đến cuối cùng, giây phút trước khi nhắm mắt xuôi tay, Wang Eun vẫn cố gắng vươn tay về phía thê tử.

In the end, moments before death, Wang Eun still tried to reach a hand out toward his wife.


lục lâm

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ləm˧˧]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ləm˧˧]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ləm˧˧]

Tổ tiên của hai người các vị là Quách Thịnh và Dương Tái Hưng vốn đều là hảo hán lục lâm, về sau mới quy thuận triều đình, ra sức cho Đại Tống.

Your forefathers Guō Shèng and Yáng Zàixīng were once outlaws and brigands before they submitted to the imperial court and started working for the Song dynasty.

(Chinese fiction) outlaws living in the forest, brigand


ác đấu

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˦˥]

[…] trong lúc ác đấu lại bắn theo thói quen lúc bình thời quên mất số tên có hạn, mới giật mình biết tên đã hết, vội quay ngựa cúi người nhặt tên rơi dưới đất.

2005, chapter 3, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

[…] during the fierce fighting, his shooting fell back to peacetime habits and he forgot his supply of arrow was limited; after a moment of surprise that his arrows had run out, he hurriedly turned his horse and bowed down to pick up fallen arrows.

(literary, uncommon, chiefly fiction) to fight fiercely


bình thời

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ tʰəːj˨˩]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ tʰəːj˦˩]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ tʰəːj˨˩]

[…] trong lúc ác đấu lại bắn theo thói quen lúc bình thời, quên mất số tên có hạn, mới giật mình biết tên đã hết, vội quay ngựa cúi người nhặt tên rơi dưới đất.

(literary, chiefly Chinese fiction) peacetime


bách tính

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bách tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百姓, with the Northern reading of both characters.

Gặp loạn tỏ lòng thương bách tính;
Lên thuyền gạt lệ cảm ba quân.
Đến nay thăm hỏi đò Giang Hán,
Phụ lão còn truyền nhớ sứ quân.

1909 [14th century], Luo Guanzhong, chapter 41, in Phan Kế Bính, transl., Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

In the chaos, your love for the common people clearly shone;
Wiping away your tears, ye boarded the boat; the three armies were emotionally touched.
Till now, aboard ferries across the Jiang and Han, when asked,
Old folks still relate those memories about you the prefect.

Hoàng đế làm hại bách tính chịu khổ, lấy một ít vàng bạc mà y lấy được của bách tính cũng chẳng phải là trộm cắp gì.

The emperor harms the common people; taking some of the treasures he took from the common people isn't stealing at all.

(Chinese fiction) common people, masses, ordinary citizens, general population


thất ngôn tuyệt cú

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋon˧˧ twiət̚˧˨ʔ ku˧˦]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ twiək̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩˦]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ kʊw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thất ngôn tuyệt cú.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 七言絕句, composed of 七, 言 and 絕句.

(poetry) a form of Jueju in which each line consists of seven syllables


ngũ ngôn tuyệt cú

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ŋon˧˧ twiət̚˧˨ʔ ku˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ŋoŋ˧˧ twiək̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩˦]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ŋoŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ kʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五言絕句, composed of 五, 言 and 絕句.

(poetry) a form of Jueju in which each line consists of five syllables


tuyệt cú

[twiək̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ kʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 絕句, composed of 絕 (“to cut off”) and 句 (“line”).

(poetry) Jueju, a quatrain in which each line consists of five or seven syllables


tứ tuyệt

[tɨ˧˦ twiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˦ twiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四 (“four”) and 絕 (“to cut off”).


ngũ ngôn tứ tuyệt

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ŋon˧˧ tɨ˧˦ twiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦ twiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五 (“five”), 言 (“speech”), 四 (“four”) and 絕 (“to cut off”).


thất ngôn tứ tuyệt

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋon˧˧ tɨ˧˦ twiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦ twiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 七 (“seven”), 言 (“speech”), 四 (“four”) and 絕 (“to cut off”).


song thất lục bát

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰət̚˧˦ lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰək̚˦˧˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[sɔŋ˧˧ tʰək̚˦˧˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰək̚˦˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰək̚˦˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙 (“double”), 七 (“seven”), 六 (“six”) and 八 (“eight”)

(poetry) a quatrain comprising a couplet of two seven-syllable lines followed by a couplet of one six-syllable line and one eight-syllable line.


nương tử

[nɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[nɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[nɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Tiểu nhân lớn mật, nhận bừa là chồng của nương tử, xin nương tử đừng để lộ hình tích.

I've been so audacious as to claim to be your husband; please don't give away your identity.

(literary, chiefly Chinese fiction) young lady


ma vương

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

(Buddhism or modern Japanese fiction) devil king


quan nhân

[kwaːn˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Quan nhân lúc sinh tiền là bậc anh hùng hào kiệt, y ở dưới cửu tuyền thấy thế biết đâu không nhắm mắt được?

Your husband was, when he still lived, a hero; now he is in the netherworld, will he find rest if he knows this?


địch nhân

[ʔɗïk̟̚˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Té ra Nhị ca nói chuyện với mình mà nãy giờ vẫn không lơi lỏng việc giám sát địch nhân.

2005, chapter 4, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Apparently Second Brother, even though he spoke to us, even now still does not relax his observation of the enemy.


đạo chích

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ cɨt̚˦˥]

Generic derivative from proper noun Đạo Chích "Robber Zhi", a legendary or fictional villain in ancient Chinese literature (e.g. Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Records of the Grand Historian, etc.)

“Siêu trộm hào hoa”, “Hoàng tử đạo chích”, “Robin Hood của giới tội phạm”, đó là những mỹ danh được dành tặng cho một trong những nhân vật tiếng tăm nhất của dòng văn học trinh thám phiêu lưu nước Pháp: Arsène Lupin.

"Arsène Lupin - Siêu trộm hào hoa - Những cuộc phiêu lưu kỳ lạ - ‘Mô Tả’ (Arsène Lupin - The Gallant Master Burglar - His Strange Adventures - ‘Description’)", NXB Văn Học (Literature Publishing House)

“Gallant Master Burglar”, “Prince of Thieves / Princely Thief”, “Robin Hood of the Criminal World”, those are the laudatory epithets dedicated to one of the most famous characters in the detective and adventure genres of French literature: Arsène Lupin.

Records of the Grand Historian
Xunzi (book)
Zhuangzi (book)


tiểu tử

[tiəw˧˩ tɨ˧˩]

[tiw˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˦]

Nhan Liệt càng tức giận, nghĩ thầm: "Gã tiểu tử này giỏi thật, cậu ấy không phải nói móc mình thì gì?"

2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Yán Liè grew even angrier and thought, "This guy has balls, no way he was not speaking caustically about me."


đơn đao

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

Qua khoảng nửa giờ, bên ngoài chợt có tiếng người huyên náo, hơn mười tên nha dịch cầm thương sắt đơn đao sấn vào hậu viện rung lục lạc leng keng quát tháo ầm ĩ:[…]

After about half an hour there was suddenly some tumult outside; a dozen bailiffs wielding spears and backswords rushed into the rear courtyard with a lot of noise and shouting, […]

(Chinese fiction, martial arts) one backsword (sword with one sharp edge)


hán tử

[haːn˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[haːŋ˦˧˥ tɨ˧˨]

[haːŋ˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]

Mã Thanh Hùng loạng choạng một cái ngã về phía sau, hai hán tử sau lưng y song đao cùng chém xuống.

2005, chapter 13, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Mǎ Qīngxióng staggered and fell backwards; the two guys behind his back simultaneously slashed with both their backswords.


song đao

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-song đao.wav

(Chinese fiction, martial arts) two backsword (sword with one sharp edge), one in each hand


ti chức

[ti˧˧ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦]

[tɪj˧˧ t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tɪj˧˧ cɨk̚˦˥]

Bọn ty chức không biết đại nhân quang lâm, không kịp ra đón từ xa, xin đại nhân tha tội.

We didn't know Your Highness was about to grace us with your presence and didn't therefore go out to greet you; I beg Your Highness's forgiveness.


quang lâm

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, honorific) to come, to arrive


phim truyện

[fim˧˧ ʈwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[fim˧˧ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phim truyện.wav

(fiction, television, film) a fiction live action TV show or film


giả tưởng

[zaː˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[jaː˧˨ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[jaː˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 假想 (“imagination”).

khoa học giả tưởng


bất cốc

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ kəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ kəwk͡p̚˦˥]

Late 4th century BCE, Zuozhuan; 1995 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kỳ Nam; 2016, English translation by Durrant, Li, & Schaberg

If you, the noble son, were to return to the domain of Jin, how would you repay me, the deficient one?

Nếu công tử trở vế nước Tấn thì sẽ báo đáp bất cốc như thế nào?

(obsolete, Chinese fiction, humble, by an East Asian monarch) I/me


gian hùng

[zaːn˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[jaːŋ˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[jaːŋ˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

14th century, Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 1; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
- Anh là năng thần của đời trị và gian hùng của đời loạn.
- You are a capable minister in peace and a wily hero in chaos.

(literary or Chinese fiction) an intelligent person who is capable of using cunning and deceit


nghị luận

[ŋi˧˨ʔ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɪj˨˩ʔ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɪj˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 議論, composed of 議 (“debate”) and 論 (“discourse”).

văn nghị luận

bài nghị luận

nghị luận xã hội

nghị luận văn học

Viết một bài nghị luận khoảng 100 từ về tệ nạn thuốc lá.

Write a criticism of about 100 words on the smoking epidemic.


cao danh quý tính

[kaːw˧˧ zajŋ̟˧˧ kwi˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[kaːw˧˧ jɛɲ˧˧ kwɪj˨˩˦ tɨn˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高名 (“exalted name”) and 貴姓 (“noble surname”).

Lệnh Hồ Xung hỏi: – Các hạ là ai? Xin cho biết cao danh quý tính để tiện bẩm báo với sư trưởng tệ phái.

2016, Chapter 51, in Vũ Đức Sao Biển, Trần Hải Linh, & Lê Thị Anh Đào, transl., Tiếu ngạo giang hồ (The Smiling Proud Wanderer), translation of 笑傲江湖 by Jin Yong (Kim Dung)

Linghu Chong asked: Who are ye? Please let me know your names and surnames so that I can inform our humble school's headmaster.


Kinh Thi

[kïŋ˧˧ tʰi˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˧˧]

kinh + Thi, calque of Chinese 詩經／诗经 (Thi kinh), following the head-initial structure of Vietnamese, instead of head-final in the original language.

(literature) the Classic of Poetry (the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry)


trăm họ

[t͡ɕam˧˧ hɔ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈam˧˧ hɔ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈam˧˧ hɔ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-trăm họ.wav

1527, Nguyễn Văn Thái, Imperial Edict written on behalf of Lê Cung Hoàng; quoted in 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
Ta bạc đức nối ngôi, không thể gánh nổi mệnh trời và lòng người, hướng về người có đức. Vậy nay Thái sư An quốc vương Mạc Đăng Dung, là người tư chất thông minh, đủ tài văn võ bên(,) ngoài đánh dẹp, bốn phương đều phục, bên trong trị nước, trăm họ yên vui, công đức rất lớn lao, trời người đều qui phụ. Nay nhường ngôi báu cho người có đức, để hợp mệnh trời, để yên nhân dân. Kính vậy thay.
I, of meager virtue, inherited the throne; (yet I) cannot shoulder either the Mandate of Heaven or the people's hearts, (so I) look for virtuous people. Now the Grand Master – the Prince who-Calms-the-Nation Mạc Đăng Dung – is a man substantially intelligent, fully talented in terms of civil and military matters. He fought and suppressed (enemies) outsides, from the four directions everyone submits (to him); insides, he governs well the nation, the common people enjoy peace and bliss. His merits and virtue are so great that both Heaven and Humanity turn towards him. Now (I will) yield the throne to (this) virtuous man, so as to accord with the Mandate of Heaven and bring peace to the people. Respect this!

(archaic or Chinese fiction) common people, masses, ordinary citizens, general population


Đạo Chích

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ cɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盜 (“to steal > stealer, thief, robber”) and 跖.

Zhuangzi, Ch. 29; English translation by Burton Watson; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Confucius was a friend of Liuxia Ji, who had a younger brother known as Robber Zhi. Robber Zhi, with a band of nine thousand followers, rampaged back and forth across the empire, assaulting and terrorizing the feudal lords, tunneling into houses, prying open doors, herding off men’s horses and cattle, seizing their wives and daughters. Greedy for gain, he forgot his kin, gave not a look to father or mother, elder or younger brother, and performed no sacrifices to his ancestors. Whenever he approached a city, if it was that of a great state, the inhabitants manned their walls; if that of a small state, they fled into their strongholds. The ten thousand people all lived in dread of him.

Khổng Tử là bạn của Liễu Hạ Quí. Liễu Hạ Quí có một người em tên là Đạo Chích. Đạo Chích cầm đầu chín ngàn bộ hạ hoành hành trong thiên hạ, xâm đoạt các nước chư hầu, đào tường khoét vách, lùa ngựa bò, bắt cóc vợ và con gái người ta, tham lợi tới quên cả thân thích, không đoái hoài tới cha mẹ anh em, không cúng giỗ tổ tiên. Họ qua nơi nào, nếu là nước lớn thì cố giữ thành, nước nhỏ thì núp sau luỹ, dân tình khốn khổ.

(Chinese literature) Robber Zhi (a legendary figure or fictional character)


thân bài

[tʰən˧˧ ʔɓaːj˨˩]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˦˩]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˨˩]


mở bài

[məː˧˩ ʔɓaːj˨˩]

[məː˧˨ ʔɓaːj˦˩]

[məː˨˩˦ ʔɓaːj˨˩]


kết bài

[ket̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˨˩]

[ket̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˦˩]

[kəːt̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩]


đại hiệp

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ hiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ hiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ hip̚˨˩˨]

Kha đại hiệp, nếu bạn của ngươi bất hạnh gặp nạn, vợ góa bị người ta khinh khi hà hiếp thì ngươi có cứu không?

Chivalrous Kē, if a friend of yours meets with mishap and his widow is scorned and tyrannised, do you save her?


trợ thủ

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[ʈəː˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[ʈəː˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

trợ thủ đắc lực


phim chưởng

[fim˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[fim˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˨]

[fim˧˧ cɨəŋ˨˩˦]

phim (“cinematic TV show or film”) + chưởng (“palming martial arts move”).

com

(informal, fiction, television, film) a wuxia TV show or film, especially one where the palming move, especially the magical "qi-manipulating" variety, is used a lot


chữ hành

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩]

[cɨ˨˩˦ han˨˩]


thảo thư

[tʰaːw˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰaːw˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰaːw˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 草書 (“grass script”).


hành thư

[hajŋ̟˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[hɛɲ˦˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[han˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).


khải thư

[xaːj˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[xaːj˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

[xaːj˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 楷書 (“regular script”).


chữ thảo

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ tʰaːw˧˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ tʰaːw˧˨]

[cɨ˨˩˦ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

chữ + thảo, calque of Chinese 草書／草书 (thảo thư).


chữ khải

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ xaːj˧˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kʰaːj˧˨]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ xaːj˧˨]

[cɨ˨˩˦ kʰaːj˨˩˦]

[cɨ˨˩˦ xaːj˨˩˦]


Kinh Xuân Thu

[kïŋ˧˧ swən˧˧ tʰu˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ swəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˧˧]

kinh (“classic”) + Xuân Thu (“spring and autumn”).

com

(literature) the Spring and Autumn Annals (the chronicle of the state of Lu)


Kinh Thư

[kïŋ˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

kinh + Thư, calque of Chinese 書經／书经 (Thư kinh), following the head-initial structure of Vietnamese, instead of head-final in the original language.

(literature) the Classic of History (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


chữ kép

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɨ˨˩˦ kɛp̚˦˥]

chữ (“character”) + kép (“compound, double”).

Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (指南玉音解義)
本初𫜵喃車宁甲
㝵少學坤別坤𫀅
Vốn xưa làm Nôm xe chữ kép,Người thiếu học khôn biết khôn xem.
Back then, when composing Nôm works, there were many double characters,Causing much inconvenience to those who were not well-learned.

(historical, writing) compound phonograms, a category of Nôm characters where each character is composed of two components that are both phonetics; these characters were more popular in the earlier Nôm texts, representing words with initial cluster or presyllable, but their usage persists to some extent even after phonological changes had rendered the phonetics obscure


dấu nháy

[zəw˧˦ ɲaj˧˦]

[jəw˨˩˦ ɲaj˨˩˦]

(writing, linguistics) the 𖿱, a small diacritic (or signifier) placed to the right of a phonogram in a Nôm text, chiefly to indicate that this character should not be read with its Sino-Vietnamese value, and can also function as iteration mark; like other diacritical marks/signifiers in other Sino-Xenic languages, such as Japanese ゛, its pre-modern usage was very inconsistent


nghiệt chủng

[ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[ŋiək̚˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孽 and 種.
Apparently influenced by/modelled after nghiệp chủng (業種), another word found chiefly in religious or fictional contexts.

(literary, chiefly Chinese fiction, derogatory) abomination; freak


chuyển tiếp

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tiəp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tip̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 轉接, composed of 轉 and 接.

vi-etym-sino

(writing) to transition from one paragraph to the next


Tề Thiên đại thánh

[te˨˩ tʰiən˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tej˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tej˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tʰan˦˥]

16th century, Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, ch. 4; 2012 English translation by Anthony C. Yu; 1982-1988 Vietnamese translation by Như Sơn, Mai Xuân Hải, & Phương Oanh
“Make me a banner immediately,” he ordered the four mighty commanders, “and inscribe on it in large letters, ‘The Great Sage, Equal to Heaven.’ Erect a pole to hang it on. From now on, address me only as the Great Sage, Equal to Heaven, and the title Great King will no longer be permitted. The Monster Kings of the various caves will also be informed so that it will be known to all.”
Liền sai bốn kiện tướng: “– Làm cho ta một lá cờ thêu bốn chữ lớn ‘Tề Thiên đại thánh’ dựng cột treo ngay lên. Từ nay trở đi, chỉ được gọi ta là ‘Tề Thiên đại thánh’, không được gọi là đại vương nữa. Và truyền ngay cho yêu vương các động đều được biết.”

Journey to the West
w:Journey to the West

(Chinese literature) literally, “The Great Sage Equaling Heaven”, an epithet for Sun Wukong, the main character in the classic novel Journey to the West.


Tề Thiên Đại Thánh

[te˨˩ tʰiən˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tej˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tej˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tʰan˦˥]

16th century, Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, ch. 4; 20th century, free Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
Liền cho Tứ Kiện tướng dựng giữa sân một cây cờ cao, đề bốn chữ lớn Tề Thiên Ðại Thánh và truyền bảy mươi hai động phải kêu Ngộ Không bằng cái chức tước đó.

He then orders his four mighty generals to erect in the yard a tall pole with a flag inscribed with four large characters “The Great Sage Equaling Heaven” and commands the seventy-two caverns[' monster kings] to address Wukong only by that title.


dấu ngoặc kép

[zəw˧˦ ŋwak̚˧˨ʔ kɛp̚˧˦]

[jəw˨˩˦ ŋwak̚˨˩ʔ kɛp̚˦˧˥]

[jəw˦˥ ŋwak̚˨˩˨ kɛp̚˦˥]

(typography) double quotation marks ("); double quotes


dấu phẩy

[zəw˧˦ fəj˧˩]

[jəw˨˩˦ fəj˧˨]

[jəw˦˥ fəj˨˩˦]

lạm dụng dấu phẩy

Sau "Tuy nhiên" phải có dấu phẩy.

There ought to be a comma after "However".

chép nguyên văn không bỏ một dấu phẩy

to copy without changing a single thing (lit. to copy the original text without omitting a single comma)


dấu ngoặc đơn

[zəw˧˦ ŋwak̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jəw˨˩˦ ŋwak̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ ŋwak̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

(typography) parenthesis (( )); parentheses


dấu gạch ngang

[zəw˧˦ ɣajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ŋaːŋ˧˧]

[jəw˨˩˦ ɣat̚˨˩ʔ ŋaːŋ˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ ɣat̚˨˩˨ ŋaːŋ˧˧]


Bách gia tính

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ zaː˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ jaː˧˧ tɨn˦˥]

(literature) the Baijiaxing (Hundred Family Surnames), a classic Chinese text composed of surnames


Thiên tự văn

[tʰiən˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ van˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ vaŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ vaŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ jaŋ˧˧]

(literature) the Thousand Character Classic (a poem used as a primer for teaching Chinese characters to children from the sixth century onward)


Tam thiên tự

[taːm˧˧ tʰiən˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ tʰiəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[taːm˧˧ tʰiəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三千字 (“three thousand characters”).

Chinese character
Chinese character#English

(literature) the Tam thiên tự (a Vietnamese text that was used in the past to teach young children Chinese characters (chữ Hán) and chữ Nôm)


Tam tự kinh

[taːm˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ kïŋ˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ kɨn˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ kɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tam tự kinh.wav

(literature) the Three Character Classic (a classic Chinese text)


Nhĩ Nhã

[ɲi˦ˀ˥ ɲaː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲɪj˧˨ ɲaː˧˨]

[ɲɪj˨˩˦ ɲaː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 爾雅, composed of 爾 and 雅.

(literature) the Erya (the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary or Chinese encyclopedia known)


Tự học toản yếu

[tɨ˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ twaːn˧˩ ʔiəw˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ twaːŋ˧˨ ʔiw˨˩˦]

[tɨ˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˦ ʔiw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 字學纂要 (“compilation of essentials for learning characters”).

(literature) the original title of the Tam thiên tự (a Vietnamese text that was used in the past to teach young children Chinese characters (chữ Hán) and chữ Nôm)


Thuyết văn giải tự

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ van˧˧ zaːj˧˩ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ vaŋ˧˧ jaːj˧˨ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ vaŋ˧˧ jaːj˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ jaŋ˧˧ jaːj˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˨]

(literature) the Shuowen Jiezi (an early 2nd-century Chinese dictionary from the Han dynasty)


Khang Hi tự điển

[xaːŋ˧˧ hi˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[kʰaːŋ˧˧ hɪj˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[xaːŋ˧˧ hɪj˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[kʰaːŋ˧˧ hɪj˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

[xaːŋ˧˧ hɪj˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 康熙字典, composed of 康熙 and 字典.

(literature) the Kangxi Dictionary (dictionary and cross reference of Chinese characters, first published in 1716 at the behest of the Kangxi emperor, and used to the present day)


Binh pháp Tôn Tử

[ʔɓïŋ˧˧ faːp̚˧˦ ton˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓɨn˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥ toŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓɨn˧˧ faːp̚˦˥ toŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Calque of Chinese 孫子兵法／孙子兵法 (Tôn tử Binh pháp), with Vietnamese head-initial structure instead of Chinese head-final.

cal

(literature) the The Art of War (an ancient Chinese military treatise)


Kim Bình Mai

[kim˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩ maːj˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩ maːj˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩ maːj˧˧]

(literature) The Plum in the Golden Vase, a Ming dynasty novel


Thuỷ hử truyện

[tʰwi˧˩ hɨ˧˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ hɨ˧˨ ʈwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ hɨ˨˩˦ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水滸傳 (“Water Margin”).

vi-etym-sino

(literature) Water Margin, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


Tứ đại danh tác

[tɨ˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zajŋ̟˧˧ taːk̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɛɲ˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jan˧˧ taːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四大名著, composed of 四, 大 and 名著.

(literature) the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature: the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong, the Water Margin by Shi Nai'an, the Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en, and the Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin


Hồng lâu mộng

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ləw˧˧ məwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ləw˧˧ məwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ləw˧˧ məwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅樓夢, composed of 紅樓 and 夢.

(literature) Dream of the Red Chamber, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels


Nho lâm ngoại sử

[ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˩]

[ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˧˨]

[ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ sɨ˧˨]

[ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨ ʂɨ˨˩˦]

[ɲɔ˧˧ ləm˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨ sɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 儒林外史, composed of 儒林 and 外史.

(literature) The Scholars; Unofficial History of the Scholars (Qing-dynasty novel)


Đại Việt sử kí

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ viət̚˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˩ ki˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ viək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˧˨ kɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ viək̚˨˩ʔ sɨ˧˨ kɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ viək̚˨˩˨ ʂɨ˨˩˦ kɪj˦˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jiək̚˨˩˨ sɨ˨˩˦ kɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大越史記, composed of 大越 (“Đại Việt”) and 史記 (“history record; annals”).

(literature) the Annals of Đại Việt (official historical text of the Trần dynasty and is considered to be the first comprehensive account of the history of Vietnam)


thần y

[tʰən˨˩ ʔi˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ ʔɪj˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ ʔɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神醫, composed of 神 (“godly”) and 醫 (“physician”).

(chiefly fiction) a doctor or physician who is claimed to be able to cure almost all illnesses


thạch bản

[tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tʰat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tʰat̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 石版, composed of 石 and 版.


in đá

[ʔin˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[ʔin˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɨn˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˥]


in đá

[ʔin˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[ʔin˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɨn˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˥]


quang khắc

[kwaːŋ˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ xak̚˦˥]


quang khắc

[kwaːŋ˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ xak̚˦˥]


in thạch bản

[ʔin˧˧ tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[ʔin˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɨn˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

in (“to print”) + thạch bản (“stone plate”).


in thạch bản

[ʔin˧˧ tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[ʔin˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɨn˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]


in thạch bản ngâm

[ʔin˧˧ tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːn˧˩ ŋəm˧˧]

[ʔin˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ ŋəm˧˧]

[ʔɨn˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ ŋəm˧˧]

in thạch bản (“lithography”) + ngâm (“to soak or steep”).

(printing) immersion lithography (a resolution enhancement technique used in photolithography)


dũng sĩ

[zʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ si˦ˀ˥]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˨ ʂɪj˧˨]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˨ sɪj˧˨]

[jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勇士, composed of 勇 (“brave”) and 士 (“militaryman”).

vi-etym-sino

Khi xưa Alibaba như vầng trăng sáng chiếu trên trần gian.
Alibaba.
Hôm nay Alibaba như chàng dũng sĩ hát bao lời ca.
Alibaba.

c. 1985, “Alibaba”, Lê Quốc Thắng (lyrics), Los Garcia (music)performed by The Singers of the Children's House of Hồ Chí Minh City, published 1997:

Long ago, Alibaba was like the bright moon that lit up the world.
Alibaba.
Nowadays, Alibaba is like a valiant knight who sings many a song.
Alibaba.


đồ đệ

[ʔɗo˨˩ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗow˦˩ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗow˨˩ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sau khi ông Thích-Ca mất, học trò là Ma-kha-ca-diệp hội hết đồ đệ ở thành Vương-sá cả thảy năm trăm người, đó là lần thứ nhất Phật-giáo hội tụ.

1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]:

After Śākyamuni passed away, his disciple Mahākāśyapa gathered all the disciples in Rājagṛha, totaling 500 people; thus was the First Buddhist council.

(now chiefly Chinese fiction, otherwise historical) disciple


dấu cá

[zəw˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[jəw˨˩˦ kaː˨˩˦]

[jəw˦˥ kaː˦˥]

dấu + cá (cá refers to the reading of 亇).

(writing, linguistics) the 𖿰, a signifier commonly placed to the right of a phonogram in a Nôm text, indicates that this character should not be read with its Sino-Vietnamese reading or should be read with an alternative reading.


chữ đơn

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[cɨ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (指南玉音解義)
拜除喃曳宁单
Bây giờ/chừ/chờ Nôm dạy chữ đơn.
Now, (when composing in) Nôm, (we) teach single characters.

(historical, writing) single characters that were borrowed for their sound, a category of Nôm characters where each character is borrowed for their phonetics, "simple phonograms"; this was one of the main components in Nôm texts alongside semantophonograms.

(historical, writing) simplified characters


終畢

(historical, writing) Nôm form of chung tất (“the end of a book”).


thủ cấp

[tʰu˧˩ kəp̚˧˦]

[tʰʊw˧˨ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ kəp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 首級, composed of 首 (“head”) and 級 (“rank; severed head”), from the practice of promoting warriors for the heads of enemies they have cut off according to Qin law.

Những bức ảnh khác do YPG thu được ghi lại cảnh các vụ chặt đầu và một nhóm chiến binh thánh chiến đang dùng thủ cấp các nạn nhân làm bóng để đá.

2014 October 20, “Chiến binh IS dùng thủ cấp để đá bóng [IS Warriors Play Football with Human Heads]”, in Người Lao động [The Workers]:

Other photos by YPG capture decapitations and a group of holy warriors who used severed heads as footballs.

(historical, literary, fiction) a severed head


chiến đội

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˨˩ʔ]

[ciəŋ˦˥ ʔɗoj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 戰隊, composed of 戰 (“fight, battle”) and 隊 (“team”), from Japanese 戦隊 (sentai). Derived from Super Sentai.

(fiction) squadron (of superheroes), sentai


phiêu lưu kí

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漂流 (“adventure”) and 記 (“record”).

Dế Mèn phiêu lưu kí

Phiêu lưu ký của Thuyền trưởng Quần lót

(fiction, used in book titles) a book about the adventures and exploits of the titular character


hành thích

[hajŋ̟˨˩ tʰïk̟̚˧˦]

[hɛɲ˦˩ tʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[han˨˩ tʰɨt̚˦˥]


Thỏ

From thỏ, and from the Telex input of English Thor, where the r adds a hook above Tho by default, and the r key must be double-tapped otherwise.

(fiction) the stock name for an anthropomorphic rabbit or hare


dị giới

Sino-Vietnamese word from 異 (“different”) and 界 (“world”), clipping of dị thế giới.

(neologism, manga, anime, Chinese fiction) an isekai


dị thế giới

Sino-Vietnamese word from 異世界, composed of 異 (“different”) and 世界 (“world”), from Japanese 異世界 (isekai).

(manga, anime, Chinese fiction) Synonym of dị giới (“an isekai”)


dấu ngoặc vuông

[zəw˧˦ ŋwak̚˧˨ʔ vuəŋ˧˧]

[jəw˨˩˦ ŋwak̚˨˩ʔ vuəŋ˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ ŋwak̚˨˩˨ vuəŋ˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ ŋwak̚˨˩˨ juəŋ˧˧]


dấu ngoặc nhọn

[zəw˧˦ ŋwak̚˧˨ʔ ɲɔn˧˨ʔ]

[jəw˨˩˦ ŋwak̚˨˩ʔ ɲɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jəw˦˥ ŋwak̚˨˩˨ ɲɔŋ˨˩˨]


dịch chuyển tức thời

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tɨk̚˧˦ tʰəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tɨk̚˦˧˥ tʰəːj˦˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tɨk̚˦˥ tʰəːj˨˩]

dịch chuyển (“to move”) + tức thời (“instant”). The alternative form with tức thì is rather rare, although as a free morpheme, tức thì is more common.


dịch chuyển tức thời

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tɨk̚˧˦ tʰəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tɨk̚˦˧˥ tʰəːj˦˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tɨk̚˦˥ tʰəːj˨˩]


nghĩa phụ

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ŋiə˧˨ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 義父, composed of 義 (“adoptive”) and 父 (“father”).


dấu mềm

(typography) tilde (diacritical mark indicating palatalization in Spanish)


dấu lưỡi câu

[zəw˧˦ lɨəj˦ˀ˥ kəw˧˧]

[jəw˨˩˦ lɨj˧˨ kəw˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ lɨj˨˩˦ kəw˧˧]

dấu (“mark”) + lưỡi câu (“fishhook”), from the diacritical mark's resemblance to a fishhook.
The Middle Vietnamese diacritic was derived from the Portuguese til (“tilde”) and has since fallen out of use.

(typography, historical) apex (diacritic in Middle Vietnamese that indicates /ŋ͡m/)


dấu trăng

[zəw˧˦ t͡ɕaŋ˧˧]

[jəw˨˩˦ ʈaŋ˧˧]

[jəw˦˥ ʈaŋ˧˧]

(typography) breve (semicircular diacritical mark)


dấu sóng

[jəw˨˩˦ ʂawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[jəw˨˩˦ sɔŋ˦˧˥]

[jəw˦˥ ʂawŋ͡m˦˥]

dấu (“mark”) + sóng (“wave”), from the diacritical mark's resemblance to an ocean wave.
The Middle Vietnamese diacritic was derived from the Portuguese til (“tilde”) and has since fallen out of use.

(typography) swung dash; tilde (punctuation mark that indicates range)


tản văn

[taːŋ˧˨ vaŋ˧˧]

[taːŋ˨˩˦ vaŋ˧˧]

[taːŋ˨˩˦ jaŋ˧˧]

Near-synonym: tuỳ bút

(literature) type of free prose in which the author expresses their thoughts, feelings, impressions, etc.