đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây, cái) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>


vía

Unknown. Compare Proto-Vietic *r-vaːjʔ (“soul; spirit”) (> Muong wãi), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rwaaj (“tiger > soul; spirit”).

cog

(folklore, religion) po (the soul which does not leave the body after death)

đeo vía

đốt vía

(folklore, religion) an object made of paper that is worn on the body or burned to avoid disasters and illnesses


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

Attested as mlác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(calligraphy) kind of stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


móc

(classifier cái, chiếc) móc • (木, 鈢, 𠣛, 𢪮)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
木 (CJK)
鈢 (CJK)
𠣛 (CJK)
𢪮 (CJK)

Inherited from Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːk, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɓɔkʔ ~ *ɓuəkʔ (“to hook”). Cognate with Muong Bi bóc and Khmer ថ្ពក់ (thpŭək, “to hook”).

inh

*ɓɔkʔ ~ *ɓuəkʔ


gá

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 假 (SV: giả) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014: 98).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giả</i>

vi-etym-sino

(woodworking) to make something attached and aligned onto a lathe


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, second element's etymology being unknown.
Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) blood-sucking evil spirit in ethnic minority's folklores


hồn

hồn vía/phách

Má tôi bứt ba phải xa sông, nhưng chính bà cũng biết, những dòng nhớ vẫn tiếp tục chảy mãi trong hồn ông.

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, “Dòng nhớ”, in Cánh đồng bất tận, Tre Publishing House:

My mother pulled him away from the rivier, but she herself also knew that yearning still ran through his soul.

(folklore, religion) hun (the soul which leaves the body after death)


cong

From Proto-Austroasiatic *koŋ (“to bend”). Cognate with Khmer កោង (kaong, “curved, be bent”) and Mon ကိုၚ် (“be bent”). See also Thai โค้ง (kóong), Chinese 弓 (cung).

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave left


chân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chân.wav

chân, thiện, mĩ


đạo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盜 (“to steal”).

đạo nhạc

đạo văn

to rip off someone else's written piece or writing style

đạo tranh


phách

Đêm qua chẳng biết có hay không,
Chẳng phải hoảng hốt, không mơ mòng.
Thật hồn! Thật phách! Thật thân thế!
Thật được lên tiên - sướng lạ lùng.

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]:

Not sure last night was real,
I don't think I was frightened or dreaming.
But rather, really spirited! Really zealous! Really lively!
Really got into heaven - so joyful.

(occult, folklore) a soul; a spirit (po as opposed to hun)


chấm

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a dot (㇔)


mẫu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 模 (SV: mô).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mô</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhà tạo mẫu tóc


sổ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 竪 (“vertical”, SV: thụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

nét sổ ngang

nét sổ dọc


nét

nét sổ


nghiêng

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave right


phim

cuốn (classifier)
bộ (classifier)
thước (classifier)

phim truyện

cinematic live action TV series or TV movie


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"

Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


nằm

Cognate with Arem anam ("to brood").
Compare Proto-Katuic *-nam (whence Pacoh panám (“to set on eggs, to brood”)) and Proto-Khmuic *gnəm (“to hatch or brood eggs”).


thiết kế

[tʰiət̚˧˦ ke˧˦]

[tʰiək̚˦˧˥ kej˨˩˦]

thiết kế vi mạch


mắt cá

[mak̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

From mắt (“eye”) + cá (“fish”). The adjective is a semantic loan from English fisheye (adjective).

semantic loan

(photography, film, of lenses or shots) fisheye


chị Hằng

[t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ haŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɪj˨˩ʔ haŋ˦˩]

[cɪj˨˩˨ haŋ˨˩]

chị (“elder sister”) + Hằng, from Chinese 姮娥 (Hằng Nga).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hằng Nga</i>

(folklore) a woman who got trapped on the Moon due to the lies of her younger brother, Cuội.


trường phái

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ faːj˧˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ faːj˨˩˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ faːj˦˥]

A pseudo-Sino-Vietnamese coinage from trường (“school”) + phái (“sect”)

các trường phái hội hoạ ở châu Âu

trường phái trọng tiền

trường phái toả tuyến

trường phái dã thú

school of thought
school of thought#English

(chiefly art, philosophy) a school of thought or movement; compare chủ nghĩa (“discipline; doctrine”)


phẩy

(calligraphy) a stroke that falling leftwards (㇒)


thần thánh

[tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神聖, composed of 神 (“god; divine”) and 聖 (“sage; saint; holy; sacred”).

vi-etym-sino

Thần thánh phương nào?


thuỷ cung

[tʰwi˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水宮, composed of 水 and 宮.


tác phẩm

[taːk̚˧˦ fəm˧˩]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ fəm˧˨]

[taːk̚˦˥ fəm˨˩˦]


Cuội

Nguyễn Đổng Chi stated that Cuội, the man sitting under a tree in the Moon, had been a different folkloric person than Cuội, the habitually lying man or boy; yet those two eventually merged into one, becoming a habitually lying man or boy sitting under a tree in the Moon.
According to Nguyễn Hùng Vĩ:
* The Man in the Moon's name Cuội is related to Vietnamese cội (“roots”) and element cối (from Proto-Vietic *koːjʔ (“plant; vegetation”) and fossilized in cây cối);
* The folkloric habitual liar's name Cuội is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 拐 (“to abduct; to misappropriate”, SV: quải);
** Vĩ also notes that the folkloric habitual liar's proper name once became a generic noun denoting a habitual liar, recorded as «quội» in Alexandre de Rhodes's Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum;
** He also critiques many lexicographers like Pierre Pigneau de Behaine, Gustave Hue, Georges Cordier, J. F. M. Génibrel, Huỳnh Tịnh Của, and Trương Vĩnh Ký for mistakenly glossing «cuội» as "echo".
* Neither is related to cuội (“pebble”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quải</i>

vi-etym-sino

(folklore) a man sitting under a tree in the moon (inspired by a lunar pareidolia)

Nam Giao cổ kim lý hạng ca dao chú giải (《南交古金里巷歌謠註解》 "Past & Present Folk-ballads from the Hamlets and Alleyways of Jiao[zhi] in the South - Annotated "), folio 162a
侩(Cuội)𦖑(nghe)𧡊(thấy)呐(nói)儈(Cuội)唭(cười)
𪽝(Bởi)𫨩呐(hay)𠲝(nói)沛(dối)𡎢(phải)挹(ngồi)𣘃(ấp)
Hearing that, Cuội smiled.
For lying so much, he must sit hugging the tree.

(folklore) a habitually lying man or boy sitting under a tree in the moon


gập

From Proto-Vietic *p-kǝp; cognate with gấp.

(calligraphy) Indicates change in stroke direction, usually 90° turn, going down or going right only.


sự tích

[sɨ˧˨ʔ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

[sɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事蹟 (“achievement”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).

Sự tích gấu ăn trăng


định hình

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ hɨn˨˩]


kỉ hà

[kɪj˧˨ haː˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 幾何 (“geometry”), composed of two logographs for interrogative words, "how many/much" + "what".

(art, drawing, of shapes) geometric, as in rectangular, square, triangular, circular, etc.

Khi vẽ nên dùng đường kỉ hà, kể cả khi vẽ đường cong.

When you draw, you should use straight lines, even when you approximate curves.


nguyên hình

[ŋwiən˧˧ hïŋ˨˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˦˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原形, composed of 原 (“origin”) and 形 (“form”)

hiện nguyên hình

to reveal one's true form; to show one's true colors

(Chinese mythology, folklore, of a shapeshifting monster in disguise) the original, true form


Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇上帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 上帝 (“Shangdi”), from Chinese 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì).

(Chinese mythology, folklore) synonym of Ngọc Hoàng (“Jade Emperor”)


Ngọc Hoàng

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 皇 (“sovereign; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉皇 (Yùhuáng)

Ngọc-Hoàng (alternative)
Ngọc-hoàng (alternative)
Ngọc hoàng (alternative)

A-lô. Thái Bạch Kim Tinh đấy hả ? Ờ. Đây là vấn đề nhạy cảm. Ngọc Hoàng đã chỉ đạo rồi. Phải chờ các Táo đã. Đúng rồi, các Táo biểu quyết thông qua. Phải bí mật đấy nhá.

2016, Táo Quân 2016 [Kitchen Gods 2016], spoken by Nam Tào (Xuân Bắc):

Hello? Is that Taibai Jinxing? Yeah. It's a delicate matter. The Jade Emperor has given instructions. We need to wait for the Kitchen Gods. That's right, they'll be putting on a vote. It's classified.

Không hiểu sau đó rồi vị thần ấy chết hay sống, hay là trở thành Ngọc Hoàng. Việc đó không thấy dân gian kể đến. Nhưng chắc rằng cũng cách khoảng thời gian ấy không lâu có một vị thần tên là Ngọc Hoàng hay ông Trời cai quản cai quản tất cả mọi việc trên trời dưới đất.

2022, “Sức hấp dẫn của truyện kể [The Appeal of Stories]”, in Ngữ văn 10 [Vietnamese 10], page 12:

It is not clear whether that god was alive or dead, or became the Jade Emperor. Folklore has no further details on that. But one thing for certain, not long after that time, there was a god called the Jade Emperor or Lord Heaven who look after all things in the universe.

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Jade Emperor


Ngọc Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉帝, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 帝 (“emperor; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉帝 (Yù Dì)


Ngọc Hoàng Đại Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇大帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 大帝 (“great emperor”), from Chinese 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì)


chuyện cổ tích

[t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˨˩ʔ kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古跡 (“old site”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


tĩnh vật

[tïŋ˦ˀ˥ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩˦ vək̚˨˩˨]

[tɨn˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靜物, composed of 靜 (“still”) and 物 (“thing”).

tranh tĩnh vật

Trung tâm có lớp tĩnh vật và lớp chân dung.

We offer still life and portraiture classes.

(art, painting, drawing) a still life subject


Thiên Lôi

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天 (“heaven”) and 雷 (“thunder”).

(folklore) a god who produces thunder and lightning with his ax


bố cục

[ʔɓo˧˦ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓow˦˥ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(art, drawing, painting, photography, film, television) composition


hạ giới

[haː˧˨ʔ zəːj˧˦]

[haː˨˩ʔ jəːj˨˩˦]

[haː˨˩˨ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 下界, composed of 下 (“below”) and 界 (“world”).

- “Trời nghe hạ giới ai ngâm nga,
Tiếng ngâm vang cả sông Ngân Hà!
Làm Trời mất ngủ, Trời đương mắng
Có hay lên đọc, Trời nghe qua”.

- The Lord heard someone reciting in the realm below,
Such recital echoed across the Milky Way!
It disturbed His slumber, it made Him mad
If you're so good, come to Heaven and recite to Him.


Ngưu Lang

[ŋiw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 牛郎, composed of 牛 (“cattle”) and 郎 (“boy”), Chinese 牛郎 (niúláng).

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Cowherd


Chức Nữ

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥ nɨ˧˨]

[cɨk̚˦˥ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 織女, composed of 織 (“to weave”) and 女 (“girl”), from Chinese 織女 /织女 (zhīnǚ). Compare Japanese 織姫 (Orihime, literally “Weaving Lady”).

ncog

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Weaver Girl


hoạ tiết

[hwaː˧˨ʔ tiət̚˧˦]

[hwaː˨˩ʔ tiək̚˦˧˥]

[waː˨˩˨ tiək̚˦˥]

(art, drawing, painting, design) pattern


phối cảnh

[foj˨˩˦ kɛɲ˧˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 配 (“to compose”) and 景 (“scene”).

vi-etym-sino

phối cảnh một điểm (tụ)


điểm tụ

[ʔɗiəm˧˩ tu˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiəm˧˨ tʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗim˨˩˦ tʊw˨˩˨]

điểm (“point”) + tụ (“to gather; to converge”).


thiết kế đồ hoạ

[tʰiət̚˧˦ ke˧˦ ʔɗo˨˩ hwaː˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˦˧˥ kej˨˩˦ ʔɗow˦˩ hwaː˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˦˥ kej˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩ waː˨˩˨]

thiết kế (“design”) + Chinese 圖畫 /图画 (túhuà, “drawing”).


bút lông

cây (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
筆𣭜 (CJK)

[ʔɓut̚˧˦ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

bút (“writing instrument”) + lông (“hair”), calque of Chinese 毛筆 /毛笔 (mao bút).


chầu trời

[t͡ɕəw˨˩ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[t͡ɕəw˦˩ ʈəːj˦˩]

[cəw˨˩ ʈəːj˨˩]

thả cả chép, tiễn ông Táo lên chầu trời

to release a carp and give the Kitchen God a ride to heaven

(folklore, occult, of a god) to attend the heavenly court of the Jade Emperor


hoạt họa

Sino-Vietnamese word from 活 (“alive”) and 畫 (“drawing”).

vi-etym-sino

[hwaːt̚˧˨ʔ hwaː˧˨ʔ]

[hwaːk̚˨˩ʔ hwaː˨˩ʔ]

[waːk̚˨˩˨ waː˨˩˨]


nghệ sĩ ưu tú

[ŋe˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥ ʔiw˧˧ tu˧˦]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨ ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˨˩˦]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨ ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˨˩˦]

[ŋej˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦ ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˦˥]

[ŋej˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦ ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˦˥]

nghệ sĩ (“humanities specialist”) + ưu tú (“excellent”).

af

(art) a junior honorary title bestowed on humanities specialists who have greatly contributed to Vietnam's entertainment arts over 10 or 15 years


nghệ sĩ nhân dân

[ŋe˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥ ɲən˧˧ zən˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

nghệ sĩ (“humanities specialist”) + nhân dân (“people”).

(art) People's Artist (an honorary title in the Soviet Union, Union republics, in some other Eastern bloc states (and communist states in general), as well as in a number of post-Soviet states)

(Vietnam, art) a senior honorary title bestowed on humanities specialists who have greatly contributed to Vietnam's entertainment arts over 20 years, with the prerequisite of having already been a nghệ sĩ ưu tú


mãng xà

[maːŋ˦ˀ˥ saː˨˩]

[maːŋ˧˨ saː˦˩]

[maːŋ˨˩˦ saː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蟒蛇, composed of 蟒 (“python”) and 蛇 (“snake”). The mythological sense is probably a Vietnamese innovation.

vi-etym-sino

(folklore) a wicked, monstruous, giant snake or serpent


thảo thư

[tʰaːw˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰaːw˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰaːw˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 草書 (“grass script”).


chữ thảo

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ tʰaːw˧˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ tʰaːw˧˨]

[cɨ˨˩˦ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

chữ + thảo, calque of Chinese 草書 /草书 (thảo thư).


hành thư

[hajŋ̟˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[hɛɲ˦˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[han˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行書 (“semi-cursive script”).


chữ hành

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩]

[cɨ˨˩˦ han˨˩]


khải thư

[xaːj˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[xaːj˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

[xaːj˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 楷書 (“regular script”).


chữ khải

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ xaːj˧˩]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ kʰaːj˧˨]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ xaːj˧˨]

[cɨ˨˩˦ kʰaːj˨˩˦]

[cɨ˨˩˦ xaːj˨˩˦]


cắt dán

[kak̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˦˧˥]

[kak̚˦˥ jaːŋ˦˥]


hoa văn

[waː˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[waː˧˧ jaŋ˧˧]


dạo đầu

[zaːw˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[jaːw˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[jaːw˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dạo đầu.wav

Khúc dạo đầu trên thiên đường

Có thể nói, với Prelude a L'apres-midi d'un faune^([sic]) (Khúc dạo đầu Giấc ngủ trưa của thần đồng áng, 1894), Debussy đã gieo mầm cho trường phái Ấn tượng.

2014, “Những cách tân mở đầu âm nhạc thế kỷ 20”, in Tia Sáng:

With his Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, 1894), Debussy arguably planted the seed for the impressionist movement.

Một thời gian sau đó, Chopin đã viết trọn 24 bản Prelude (khúc dạo đầu) tặng hai vợ chồng Pleyel.

2020, Thanh Hà, “Pleyel Piano- Thương hiệu Piano lâu đời của nền văn hóa Pháp”, in Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam, archived from the original on 2023-12-05:

A while later, Chopin wrote a full 24 preludes (introductory pieces) dedicated to the Pleyels.

(art) introductory (such as a prelude or prologue)


ảnh âm

[ʔajŋ̟˧˩ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʔɛɲ˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʔan˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]


chân thư

[t͡ɕən˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[cəŋ˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 真書 (“regular script”).