y

lương y như từ mẫu

(literary) a good physician is like a good mother


vi

(anatomy, especially of sharks) Alternative form of vây (“fin”)


bit

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bit.wav


can

alternative medicine
alternative medicine


OK

hủy bỏ

antonym(s) of “dismissal of a dialog box or confirmation of a prompt”

(computing) OK, okay (dismissal of a dialog box or confirmation of a prompt)


ven

bắt ven


sin

From translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.

(literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)


仄

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone


u

khối (classifier)
cục (classifier)
幽 (CJK)
𢉾 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ʔuː (“hump (of a zebu)”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-u.wav


湯

湯: Hán Việt readings: thang (canonical)
sương (canonical)
thãng 湯: Nôm readings: than (canonical)

(alternative medicine) chữ Hán form of thang (“a dose of herbal medicine”).


童

bà đồng

(occult, divination) of mediums or divination


ca

Ca này nặng đấy!

Đã có 5 ca tử vong.


thánh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖.
The informal adjectival sense "naive, credulous, gullible" and nominal sense "idiot, moron, simpleton" likely semantically develop from senses "saintly" and "saint" respectively, thus paralleling silly and crétin each in that order; see those entries for etymologies and semantic developments.

Thánh Phan-xi-cô

c. 53 - 57 CE, 1 Corinthians 1:2-3; 2001 Vietnamese translation from the New Vietnamese Bible version; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Kính gửi Hội Thánh của Đức Chúa Trời tại thành phố Cô-rinh-tô, tức là những người đã được thánh hóa trong Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, cũng được gọi là các thánh, cùng với tất cả những người ở khắp mọi nơi cầu khẩn danh Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, Chúa của họ và của chúng ta. Nguyện xin Đức Chúa Trời, Cha chúng ta và Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su ban ân sủng và bình an cho anh chị em.

To the church of God that is in Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, together with all those who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, both their Lord and ours: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.


tiếng

cái (classifier)
thứ (classifier)
㗂 (CJK)
𪱐 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese tiếng, ultimately from Chinese 聲 (MC syeng), likely through a Tai language (compare Thai เสียง (sǐiang)) since the tonal correspondence is atypical for a direct borrowing. Cognate with Muong thiểng.

Thằng cha đó nói tiếng Quảng Ngãi tao không nghe được.
He speaks the Quãng Ngãi accent and I can't make sense of it.

(linguistics, prosody, colloquial) accent


với

head

众, 喟, 某, 貝, 買, 𠇍

vi-prep

众, 喟, 某, 貝, 買, 𠇍

众 (CJK)
喟 (CJK)
某 (CJK)
貝 (CJK)
買 (CJK)
𠇍 (CJK)

Cognate with Muong Bi pỡi.
Probably related as etymology 1, as prepositions in Vietnamese are most often originally verbals.
The form vuối used to enjoy widespread usage in both Northern and Southern dialects, but is now completely obsolete. This form might be the diphthongized equivalent of vói (“to stretch out, to reach out”) mentioned above.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-với.wav

góc ABC kề với góc CBD

đường thẳng d song song/vuông góc với đường thẳng e/mặt phẳng p

line d is parallel/perpendicular to line e/plane p

(geometry, after kề (“adjacent”), bù (“supplementary”), song song (“parallel”), vuông góc (“perpendicular”), etc.) to


chi

(formal, anatomy, chiefly zoology) a limb


đồng

Norman & Mei (1976: 296-7) propose an Austroasiatic origin and consider it cognate to Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”), etc.; they even propose Austroasiatic etymology for Chinese 童 (“(dialectal) shaman”). Sagart (2008:142) counts Vietnamese đồng among "Austroasiatic terms", yet he considers the resemblance between those and Chinese 童 (“(dialectal) shaman”) to be "undoubtedly fortuitous".
However, Vietnamese đồng is also likely a Sino-Vietnamese word from 童 (“child; servant; (dialectal) shaman”).

vi-etym-sino

ông đồng

bà đồng

thứ nhất ngồi đồng, thứ nhì chồng quan

sitting (as) a medium ranks first; having an official for a husband ranks second [among the best things for women]

𨔍(Lạ)之(gì)󰜋(một)骨(cốt)󰜋(một)同(đồng)初(xưa)󰅒(nay)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, line 1162:

Little wonder that the witch and the medium have been working hand in glove with each other!


hen

Cognate with Kuy [Salavan] hɛːn ("to cough").


da

làn (classifier)
䏧 (CJK)
𤿦 (CJK)
𪤻 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-da.wav

From Proto-Vietic *-taː. Cognate with Muong Bi ta.

da đầu

(anatomy) skin (outer covering of the body)


đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot

(by extension, folklore, fantasy) a wand


tai

head

哉, 𦖱, 腮, 𦖻, 顋, 𣌒

vi-noun

哉, 𦖱, 腮, 𦖻, 顋, 𣌒

(classifier cái) tai • (哉, 𦖱, 腮, 𦖻, 顋, 𣌒)

cái (classifier)
哉 (CJK)
𦖱 (CJK)
腮 (CJK)
𦖻 (CJK)
顋 (CJK)
𣌒 (CJK)


thang

(alternative medicine) a prescribed dose of Chinese or Vietnamese medicine


cu

From etymology 1. For semantic relationship, compare English cock, Chinese 屌 (diǎo), 鳥／鸟 (“bird”), Cantonese 㞗, 鳩／鸠 (“pigeon”), Thai นกเขา (nók-kǎo, “pigeon”). Also see cò, chim.


tim

(classifier quả, trái, con) tim • (𢙭, 心)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
con (classifier)
𢙭 (CJK)
心 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 心 (SV: tâm). Doublet of tâm.
For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also phím, kịp, kín, nhịn.
The figurative usage of the word "heart" seen in Modern Vietnamese is at least partially due to foreign influence (either Chinese 心 (MC sim) or some European languages like French cœur). Traditionally, the locations for psychological states and feelings are bụng (“belly, abdomen”), lòng (“intestines, entrails”), dạ (“stomach, the inside”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tâm</i>

vi-etym-sino

Hẳn là các vị thần trên núi Ô-lem-pơ đã ban cho nàng một trái tim sắt đá hơn ai hết trong đám đàn bà yếu đuối,[…]

1983, Homer, translated by Phan Thị Miến, Ô-đi-xê [The Odyssey]:

The Olympians must have granted you the hardest heart among the frail women, […]


ghi

head

掑, 記, 𥱬, 𥶂, 𪟕, 𪡴, 𫂮, 𫍕

vi-verb

掑, 記, 𥱬, 𥶂, 𪟕, 𪡴, 𫂮, 𫍕

掑 (CJK)
記 (CJK)
𥱬 (CJK)
𥶂 (CJK)
𪟕 (CJK)
𪡴 (CJK)
𫂮 (CJK)
𫍕 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ghi.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 記 (“to record”, SV: kí).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kí</i>


gan

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gan.wav

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese 肝 (OC *s.kˤa[r]) (SV: can). Cognate with Chut [Rục] təkaːn¹ ("bold").
Displaced native lòm, now only found in the compounds đỏ lòm and chua lòm.


vai

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vai.wav

Attested as Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕai, ꞗai in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 多埋 (MC ta meaj) (modern SV: đa mai).
Compare Proto-Katuic *ʔapaal (“shoulder”) (whence Pacoh apal).
Some North Central dialects have the form ban with unlenited ‹b› (vs. standard form with lenited ‹v›) and ‹-n› reflex of earlier *-l.


chia

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chia.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 支 (“subdivision; to disburse”, SV: chi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chi</i>


toa

From Teochew 單／单. Compare Thai ตั๋ว (dtǔua), Khmer តួ (tuə).


bà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 婆 (“grandmother”). In Chinese and Japanese, the same character actually corresponds to 爺／爷 (yé, “grandfather”), as opposed to 翁 (“old man”) which yields Vietnamese ông.

(narratology) she/her, an admirable/lovable old/deceased woman


ám

bị ma ám


cáo

Bình Ngô đại cáo

Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu


Việt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越 (“Yue; Viet”). Doublet of vượt.

Việt vương Câu Tiễn
King Goujian of Yue


Việt

English: Vietic

French: viétique

người Việt

Yue people, usually refers to Vietnamese people


chàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郎 (“young person”, SV: lang). The same development of the initial can also be seen with chạp and possibly also chuồng (if the latter were indeed an early Chinese loan according to Alves, 2018).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lang</i>

vi-etym-sino

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that admirable or lovable young man


cài

Cognate with Chut [Mày] kal² (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).

(computing) Short for cài đặt (“to install”).


chú

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that young fellow

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that anthropomorphic male animal

(narratology, literary, endearing) Short for chú bé (“he/him, that little boy”).


lóng

tiếng lóng

từ lóng

nói (tiếng) lóng


nóng

From Proto-Vietic *p-ɗuŋʔ ~ *p-ruŋʔ (“hot”).

Dưa hấu nóng lắm. Đừng có ăn nhiều quá.
Dưa hấu thì "nóng" kiểu gì?
Don't eat too much watermelon. It's a "hot" food.
How in the world is watermelon "hot"?

(alternative medicine, of food and drink) causing the body to be nhiệt (literally “heated”)


tòng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 從. Compare Japanese 従 (ju-, “junior ranking for 位”).

cog

junior ranking for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">位</i>

(history) "junior" ranking for phẩm (“courtier rank”), e.g. chánh nhất phẩm (“senior rank 1”), tòng nhất phẩm (“junior rank 1”), chánh nhị phẩm (“senior rank 2”), tòng nhị phẩm (“junior rank 2”), etc.


má

From Proto-Vietic *-maːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] maː³ ("cheek"), Arem umæːʔ ("gills"), Proto-Palaungic *cəmaːʔ (“cheek”) (whence Riang [Sak] sᵊmɑʔ²), Proto-Nicobarese *samaː (whence Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] shama (“jaw”)) and Bondo ǰama ("jaw").
This item might be an infixed form (nominalizing *-m-) of the root *ca(ː)ʔ (“to eat”), as suggested in Sidwell (2018).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav


mifepristone

Unadapted borrowing from English mifepristone.


cho

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cho.wav

From Proto-Vietic *cəː; cognate with Arem cʌː.
Most prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: ở (“to stay; at, in”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), vào (“to enter; in, into”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”).

cho tam giác ABC


mang

From Proto-Vietic *k-maːŋ; cognate with Muong mang and Chut [Rục] kumaːŋ¹. Compare Bahnar kơmang (“gill”), Khmu [Cuang] maːŋ ("gill").

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mang.wav

mang nòng nọc


cao

Sino-Vietnamese word from 膏 (“fat; grease; oil”).

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cao.wav

cao mèo

cao hổ cốt

Bạch Hổ Hoạt Lạc Cao

(alternative medicine) a tonic, balm or cream made from animal flesh or bone


lưỡi

head

lưỡi • (礼, 𥚇, 󰟴, 𦧜)

cái (classifier)
礼 (CJK)
𥚇 (CJK)
𦧜 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lưỡi.wav

From Proto-Vietic *laːs. Cognate with Muong Bi lãi. Compare also Pacoh leah (“to lick”).
The Northern Middle Vietnamese forms lưởi, lưỡi are attested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

lại

no diphthongization, dialects with ngã-nặng merger

lãn

no diphthongization, dialects without ngã-nặng merger, *-lʰ shifted to -nC


nó

Probably originally a variant of nọ (“that yonder”).
For semantic relationship, compare French il, Spanish él (and other reflexes of Latin ille), Macedonian тој (toj), Japanese 彼 (kare), Turkish o.

(literary, fiction, narratology, disrespectful or familiar) he; him; she; her (used by the author when talking about a young person (especially the protagonist) or a non-human animal)


Hán Việt

[haːn˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˧˥ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˥ viək̚˨˩˨]

[haːŋ˦˥ jiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漢越, composed of 漢 (“Han”) and 越 (“Vietnamese”).

vi-etym-sino

Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese#English

(linguistics, of a lexical item) borrowed from Classical Chinese


vú

head

vú • (乳, 布, 咘, 𦜘)

vi-noun

vú • (乳, 布, 咘, 𦜘)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vú.wav

From Middle Vietnamese ꞗú, from Proto-Vietic *k-buːʔ, the prefixed deriviate of Proto-Vietic *buːʔ ~ ʔuːʔ (“to suck at breast”). Cognate with Muong Bi pủ (“breast”). Related to bú (“to suckle”), which derived from the bare root.

inh

*buːʔ ~ ʔuːʔ

vú bò

(anatomy, by extension, of a non-primate mammal) a body part that functions similarly to the primate breast or nipple; an udder, a teat, etc.


chuột

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

From Middle Vietnamese 𤝞 (chuọt, “mouse”), from Proto-Vietic *k-ɟɔːt. Cognate with Arem kaɟuət. See also Khmer ជូត (cuut, “Year of the Rat”) (whence also Thai ชวด (chûuat) through Old Khmer), which is a loan from a Vietic language.
For the "biceps" sense, compare the parallels in Latin mūsculus (“muscle”, literally “little mouse”) and Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.


dương vật

[zɨəŋ˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dương vật.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陽物, composed of 陽 (“yang”) and 物 (“thing”).


chim

From etymology 1. For some parallels, compare English cock, Chinese 鳥／鸟 (điểu, “bird”) and 屌 (điểu, “penis”), Thai นกเขา (nók-kǎo, “pigeon”). See also cu, cò.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chim.wav


đầu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頭.
Displaced inherited Vietic word trốc in most major dialects.


tập hợp

[təp̚˧˨ʔ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[təp̚˨˩˨ həːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 集合, composed of 集 (“to collect”) and 合 (“to unite”).

tập hợp rỗng

tập hợp con

(set theory) a set (collection of mathematical objects, often having a common property)


cánh tay

[kɛɲ˦˧˥ taj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cánh tay.wav

Derived termscánh tay dướicánh tay trên ()


nhẹ

head

弍, 貳, 弭, 挕, 珥, 鉺, 𨌀, 𨏄

nhẹ • (弍, 貳, 弭, 挕, 珥, 鉺, 𨌀, 𨏄) (diminutive reduplication nhè nhẹ)

vi-adj

弍, 貳, 弭, 挕, 珥, 鉺, 𨌀, 𨏄

弍 (CJK)
貳 (CJK)
弭 (CJK)
挕 (CJK)
珥 (CJK)
鉺 (CJK)
𨌀 (CJK)
𨏄 (CJK)
nhè nhẹ (diminutive reduplication)

From Proto-Vietic *-ɲɛːlʔ (“light in weight”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(s)ɟaal ~ *(s)ɟəəl (“light in weight”); compare nhanh nhẹn, Nghệ An/Hà Tỉnh dialects nhẹn, Muong nhẽl, Proto-Bahnaric *-hjəːl, Proto-Katuic *ʔŋhaal ~ *ʔŋhɨal (whence Pacoh nghial), Nyah Kur [Central] khəja̱al and Mon သာ.


ông

→ Khmer: អុង (ʼong)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 翁 (“old man”). In Japanese, the same character corresponds to 嫗 (“old woman”). The character for bà (which corresponds to ông in Vietnamese), 婆 (pó, “grandmother”), actually corresponds to 爺／爷 (yé, “grandfather”) in Chinese and Japanese.

(narratology) he/him, an admirable/lovable old or deceased man


bưởi

head

bưởi • (𣘓, 𣞻)

vi-noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) bưởi • (𣘓, 𣞻)

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
𣘓 (CJK)
𣞻 (CJK)

Nó có bưởi to.

(anatomy, euphemistic, humorous, of a woman) a boob; a jug


cộng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 共 (“together”).


nghĩa

Sino-Vietnamese word from 義. An early Sino-Vietnamese reading (ESV); the more regular reading would be nghị. Compare also Quảng Ngãi.

[…] nghĩa là gì?

theo nghĩa xấu

Nếu từ này có nghĩa xấu, tôi sẽ không bao giờ dùng nó nữa.

If this word is pejorative, I will never use it again.


lần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 輪 (“circle, wheel; turn”, SV: luân).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">luân</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ba lần ba là chín


nanh

head

獰, 狞, 𫜧, 󱲅, 𤘓, 𪺖

vi-noun

獰, 狞, 𫜧, 󱲅, 𤘓, 𪺖

(classifier cái) nanh • (獰, 狞, 𫜧, 󱲅, 𤘓, 𪺖)

cái (classifier)
獰 (CJK)
狞 (CJK)
𫜧 (CJK)
𤘓 (CJK)
𪺖 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *k-nɛːŋ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *gnaiŋ ~ *gniəŋ. Cognate with Muong nenh, Tho [Cuối Chăm] nɛːŋ¹ ("tooth"), Pacoh kineng (“tooth”), Khmer ស្នែង (snaeng), Bahnar sơnĕnh, hơnĕnh (“tooth”).


biến

(sciences, chiefly mathematics) Clipping of biến số (“variable”).


chiều dài

[t͡ɕiəw˨˩ zaːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chiều dài.wav

Chu vi hình chữ nhật bằng chiều dài cộng chiều rộng nhân đôi.

The perimeter of a rectangle is twice the sum of its 2 side measurements.

(geometry, of a rectangle) the length of the longer sides


ruột

From Proto-Vietic *rɔːc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruuc ~ *ruəc. Cognate with Muong rọch, Arem rùəc, Proto-Katuic *rɔɔc (whence Pacoh roiq) and Mon ကြုတ်.


mồm

From Proto-Vietic *-moːm. Cognate with Proto-Palaungic *-moːm (“mouth”).

to mồm
loudmouthed


miệng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-miệng.wav

From Proto-Vietic *mɛːŋʔ (“mouth”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Kri meengq ("language"), Semai miing (“cheek”), Khmu [Cuang] miəŋ ("to chew"). Related to miếng (“piece”).
Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th century) as 皿 (MC mjaengX).

báo cáo miệng


nhân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân.wav


nhân

thiên, địa, nhân

(philosophy, mythology, occult) mortal humans, as opposed to heaven, earth, the sun, the moon, gods, magical creatures, etc.


đáy

head

đáy • (𡌠, 𢋠, 𣷳, 𤀐)

vi-noun

đáy • (𡌠, 𢋠, 𣷳, 𤀐)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 底 (“bottom”, SV: để).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">để</i>

vi-etym-sino

(geometry, informal, of a triangle or trapezoid) Short for cạnh đáy (“base”).


căn bậc hai

[kan˧˧ ʔɓək̚˧˨ʔ haːj˧˧]

[kaŋ˧˧ ʔɓək̚˨˩ʔ haːj˧˧]

[kaŋ˧˧ ʔɓək̚˨˩˨ haːj˧˧]

From căn (根, “root”) + bậc (“degree”) + hai (“two”).


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, from Tai Dam kurung or gurung. Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) a blood-sucking evil spirit in some ethnic minority folklores

Abraham Lincoln, thợ săn ma cà rồng


hội âm

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧]


bão

cơn (classifier)
暴 (CJK)
雹 (CJK)
𣋰 (CJK)
𩙕 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 暴 (“violent; vicious”, SV: bạo).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bạo</i>

vi-etym-sino

(medicine) colicky pain (in the abdomen)


parabol

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓon˧˧]

[paː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ʔɓon˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓon˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓon˧˧]


Trung Quốc

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中國, composed of 中 (“center”) and 國 (“country”). Doublet of Tung Của.

(history, only by the Nguyễn Dynasty) the self-denomination of Vietnam during Nguyễn dynasty independence period (19ᵗʰ century).


hồn

hồn vía/phách


nách

head

腋, 𦙜, 溺, 𦡥, 𦟜, 膈, 膉

vi-noun

腋, 𦙜, 溺, 𦡥, 𦟜, 膈, 膉

腋 (CJK)
𦙜 (CJK)
溺 (CJK)
𦡥 (CJK)
𦟜 (CJK)
膈 (CJK)
膉 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-nɛːk (a nasal infixed form), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔik ~ *kʔiək ~ *kʔaik (“armpit”). Directly cognate with Muong Bi néch; within Vietic, the uninfixed form can be seen with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kɛːk⁷ and Muong Bi kéch. Outside of Vietic, cognate with Khmer ក្លៀក (kliək) (through a lateral infixed form), Khmu [Cuang] klʔɛk (through a lateral infixed form), Mal kɛʔ (uninfixed), Mon ကၞက် (as in ပါၚ်ကၞက်, through a nasal infixed form).

inh

hôi nách

lông nách


gió

head

俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅

vi-noun

俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅

(classifier cơn, ngọn, con, luồng, làn) gió • (俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅)

cơn (classifier)
ngọn (classifier)
con (classifier)
luồng (classifier)
làn (classifier)
俞 (CJK)
愈 (CJK)
𪬪 (CJK)
𫗄 (CJK)
𫗃 (CJK)
𩙍 (CJK)
𫖾 (CJK)
𩙌 (CJK)
𩙋 (CJK)
𫕲 (CJK)
逾 (CJK)
𩖅 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gió.wav

From Middle Vietnamese gió, from Proto-Vietic *k-jɔːʔ ~ *kʰjɔːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kjaal. Cognate with Muong xỏ, Arem kajɑːʔ, Pacoh cudyial, Khmer ខ្យល់ (khyɑl), Bahnar kial and Santali ᱦᱚᱭ (hôy).
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𪬪, composed of 个 (MC kaH) + 愈 (MC yuX) (modern SV: cá dũ), and 愈 (MC yuX) (modern SV: dũ). Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th century) as 教 (MC kaewH) (compare the Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese readings of the character).
The rime of the Vietic and Munda forms (with back, rounded vowel) does not really match with the rest of Austroasiatic (which has *-aːl) and is probably one of the few identifiable Vieto-Munda isoglosses. Compare Juang kojo, Chut [Rục] kəjɔː³ vs. Old Mon kyāl, Talieng kjaːl.

Yếu mà còn ra gió.

You go out into the wind even though you're weak. / Don't expose yourself to the wind if you're so weak. / Don't try to do daring things if you really can't.

(alternative medicine) harmful elements that are believed to cause fevers, especially if the patient is exposed to a lot of wind, commonly thought of as actual harmful winds that can penetrate the body and that can be guarded against with silver-coated necklaces, wristbands or ankle bands


đuôi

head

đuôi • (𡓋, 𡳪)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-đuôi.wav

From Proto-Vietic *dɔːj ~ *tɔːj (“tail”). Compare Khmer កន្ទុយ (kɑɑkɑntuy).


ngôi

From a form related to modern ngồi (“to sit”). Originally probably meant "seat", which then developed into the current meanings.

ngôi thứ hai số ít


ngã

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngã.wav


tròn

𧷺, 𡃋, 侖, 圇, 崙, 𣄇

vi-adj

𧷺, 𡃋, 侖, 圇, 崙, 𣄇

𧷺 (CJK)
𡃋 (CJK)
侖 (CJK)
圇 (CJK)
崙 (CJK)
𣄇 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tròn.wav

From Proto-Vietic *g-lɔːn (“round, full (moon)”); cognate with Muong tlòn. Compare Proto-Katuic *-lɔɔn (“to shape into a ball”), Khasi pyllon (“round”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ɢlun (“round”) (whence Iu Mien junh (“round, circular”)). Compare also trọn.

cog

tròn chục/trăm/nghìn

làm tròn lên/xuống

(mathematics, informal) being an integer


mũi

cái (classifier)
𪖫 (CJK)
𪖬 (CJK)
每 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mũi.wav

From Proto-Vietic *muːs (“nose”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *muh ~ *muuh ~ *muus (“nose”); cognates include Khmer ច្រមុះ (crɑɑmoh), Bahnar muh, Khasi khmut, Mon မိုဟ်, Car Nicobarese meh.
For the sense of "cape", compare the development of English ness, Bulgarian нос (nos).


cánh

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cánh.wav

From Proto-Vietic *kɛːŋʔ.
Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895) records the now obsolete form written as kiến. Considering that this dictionary is based on Southern Vietnamese when the /n > ŋ/ shift already occurred, the form intended here would be etymologically spelled as kiếng (cf. the "kiến" for "glass" entry right below). This kiếng/cánh pair represents the diphthongized and undiphthongized variants respectively, in the same vein of miếng - mánh.


cũ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cũ.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 古 (“old”, SV: cổ). Doublet of cổ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cổ</i>

vi-etym-sino

từ/nghĩa cũ


mắt

head

末, 眜, 𬑉, 𥉴, 𪾺

vi-noun

末, 眜, 𬑉, 𥉴, 𪾺

con (classifier)
末 (CJK)
眜 (CJK)
𬑉 (CJK)
𥉴 (CJK)
𪾺 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *mat, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mat. Akin to Muong Bi măt, Old Mon mɔt (modern Mon မတ်), Bahnar măt, Pacoh mát, Khasi 'mat/khmat, Khmu mat, Mang mat⁷, Car Nicobarese mat, Santali ᱢᱮᱫ (met’).
Compare also Proto-Austronesian *maCa (Malay mata), Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (Thai ตา (dtaa)), Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjak ~ s-mik (Chinese 目 (mù) (mù < OC *C.muk), Tibetan མིག (mig)).

nước mắt


cắt

From Proto-Vietic *kac, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kac. Cognate with Muong Bi cách, Pacoh kéiq (“to pick, to pluck”), Ngeq kɛc, Khmer កាច់ (kac, “to break, to snap”), Bahnar kĕch (“to harvest”), Pnar khait (“to pick”), Kensiu kec. Related to gặt (“to harvest”).
Unrelated to Chinese 割 (OC *Cə-kˤat) (SV: cát), although the two are sometimes (incorrectly) considered connected.
The Austroasiatic root *kac originally referred to the action of "plucking" and "breaking", with "cutting" being secondary. Not to be confused with the similar-looking root *kat ~ *kaat (“to cut”), which gave rise to Khmer កាត់ (kat) and Korwa geɖ.

đường thẳng d cắt đường thẳng f tại điểm B


mục

Sino-Vietnamese word from 目. The go sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 目 (me).

obor

[mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mục.wav

mục từ


chân

From Proto-Vietic *ɟiːŋ (“leg, foot”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟuŋ ~ *ɟuəŋ ~ *ɟəŋ (“leg, foot”). Cognate with Muong chân, Pacoh adyưng, Bahnar jơ̆ng, Khmer ជើង (cəəng), Mon ဇိုၚ်, Jah Hut jong, Jehai can.
Final velar *-ŋ was palatalized to *-ɲ after front vowel; this new form with *-ɲ (reconstructed as Proto-Viet-Muong *ciɲ by Ferlus) then gave rise to the modern form with ‹n›. See also lên, đến, cù lần for other instances of palatalization of *-ŋ after front vowels.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chân.wav


chân

chân, thiện, mĩ


bướu

head

bướu • (肬, 𤷶, 𤹼, 𤺴)

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cục) bướu • (肬, 𤷶, 𤹼, 𤺴)

cái (classifier)
cục (classifier)
肬 (CJK)
𤷶 (CJK)
𤹼 (CJK)
𤺴 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *pɨəwʔ (“goiter; goitre”); cognates include Muong pưởu.


tiền

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tiền.wav

nhà/triều Tiền Lê

(history, of a dynasty) early (used to distinguish similarly named dynasties)


đinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 丁 (“adult man”).

vi-etym-sino

đến tuổi đinh

to become an adult man and have to contribute

(history) an adult man who has to contribute some type of tax (for being an adult man), or is subject to conscription


giống

From Proto-Vietic *k-coːŋʔ, from a descendant of reconstructed Old Chinese 種 (OC *k.toŋʔ) when the dental stop already palatalized; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 種 (“seed; species”, SV: chủng). Doublet of chủng.
The same sound change also yields Vietnamese giấy, from Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ, from a descendant of ultimately Old Chinese 紙 (OC *k.teʔ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chủng</i>

vi-etym-sino

tương hợp giống và số

grammatical agreement (literally, “compatibility on gender and number”)

giống đực

giống cái


mạch

mạch máu

bắt mạch

(medicine, especially alternative medicine) a pulse


độ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 度. For the Buddhist sense of "to help to pass through difficulties", also compare đò (“boat”), derived from Chinese 渡 (dù, “to cross”), which is a derivate of 度 (“to pass; to go over”). The meaning "period" is an extension of "about". Doublet of đạc and đo. Compare Japanese 度 (do, “degree; diopter”).

động đất mạnh 7 độ Rích-te


chất

Sino-Vietnamese word from 質 (“substance/quality”).


miền

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 面 (“side, direction, place”, SV: diện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">diện</i>


sọ

From Proto-Vietic *k-rɔːʔ. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰrɔː⁴, Arem tluəʔ.


mật

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kmət ~ *k(p)mat (“gall”). Cognate with Chut [Rục] mɨt⁸, Semai kemat (“gall bladder”), Bahnar kơmăt/kơmơ̆t (“gall bladder”), Pacoh mít and Khmer ប្រមាត់ (prɑɑmŏət).

cog

Khmer ប្រមាត់ (prɑɑmŏət)

(medicine) Short for túi mật (“gall bladder”).


lượng

Biến đổi về lượng dẫn đến biến đổi về chất.

Changes in Quantity leads to changes in Quality.


được

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 得 (“to get, to obtain”, SV: đắc).
Central-Southern đặng has mostly been displaced by this word.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đắc</i>

vi-etym-sino

(computing) OK, okay (dismissal of a dialog box or confirmation of a prompt)


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平 (“level; even”); originally the Northern reading. Its distribution likely already extended beyond Northern Vietnam by the time Vietnamese started to be written down in the Latin script. See also bình, the current chief form used in compounds and the main form in placenames in Southern Vietnam.
The expected reading of the Northern form would be *bềnh, which is unattested. Compare pairs such as bệnh vs. bịnh, nghênh vs. nghinh, lệnh vs. lịnh.
It is sometimes claimed that this form is due to the taboo of the title 北平王 (Bắc Bình/Bằng vương) of Quang Trung, but this is demonstrably false as bàng (as well as bàng an, bàng ien) is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the dialects of Northern Vietnam.

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being a ngang or huyền tone

một cộng một bằng hai

góc A và góc B bằng nhau

angle A and angle B are congruent (literally, “angle A and angle B are equal to each other”)

góc A bằng góc B


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鵬. See also đại bàng (“eagle”).

Zhuangzi, ch. 1. English translation by James Legge; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

In the Northern Ocean there is a fish, the name of which is Kun - I do not know how many li in size. It changes into a bird with the name of Peng, the back of which is (also) - I do not know how many li in extent.

Biển Bắc có con cá gọi là cá côn, mình dài không biết mấy ngàn dặm. Nó biến thành con chim gọi là chim bằng, lưng rộng không biết mấy ngàn dặm.

(rare, Chinese mythology) (chim ~) Peng, a giant mythical bird


máy vi tính

[maj˧˦ vi˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[maj˨˩˦ vɪj˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

From máy (“machine”) + vi- (“micro-”) + tính (“to calculate”), calque of English microcomputer.

af

(computing, colloquial) computer (a programmable device)


tập tin

[təp̚˧˨ʔ tin˧˧]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ tin˧˧]

[təp̚˨˩˨ tɨn˧˧]

Blend of tập (“set; collection”) + thông tin (“information”).


mình

head

命, 𠇮, 𠵴, 𨉓, 𨉟

vi-pronoun

命, 𠇮, 𠵴, 𨉓, 𨉟

From Middle Vietnamese mềnh, mình.
The form mềnh appears to be more conservative and was widely used in the Northern dialects, while the now common form mình seems to be originally Central-Southern. In Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects, mềnh was the much more common form. In Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), a dictionary based chiefly on the Southern dialects, the form mềnh has no entry, while mình is abundantly attested. The Muong Bi cognate miềnh also points to mềnh as being the more conservative form (cf. Vietnamese đến vs. Muong Bi tiểnh, Vietnamese ếch vs. Muong Bi iếch, etc.)
Compare bệnh vs. bịnh, nghênh vs. nghinh, lệnh vs. lịnh.
For the semantic relationship, compare Chinese 身 (shēn, “body > oneself”) as well as Japanese 胴 (dō, “torso”), which came to mean "oneself" in Kyūshū.

Nhật kí thân yêu, hôm nay mình...

擬命命吏𢧚傷餒命

18th century, Nguyễn Gia Thiều (阮嘉韶) (1741-1798), Cung oán ngâm khúc (宮怨吟曲), Phú Văn đường tàng (富文堂藏), printed in 1866 edition:

Thinking about myself, I became even more distressed about my situation.

Nghĩ mình, mình lại nên thương nỗi mình.

(narratology) I/me (used as a literary device showing that the speaker is monologuing with themselves)


phần mềm

[fəŋ˦˩ mem˦˩]

[fəŋ˨˩ mem˨˩]

phần (“part”) + mềm (“soft”), calque of English software.


trừ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trừ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 除 (“to eliminate; to remove; to divide”). In Vietnamese, this word means "to subtract", while chia means "to divide".


tục

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 俗 (“custom; vulgar”).

tục truyền rằng

(narratology, only in fixed expressions) legend


phách

Đêm qua chẳng biết có hay không,
Chẳng phải hoảng hốt, không mơ mòng.
Thật hồn! Thật phách! Thật thân thế!
Thật được lên tiên - sướng lạ lùng.

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]:

Not sure last night was real,
I don't think I was frightened or dreaming.
But rather, really spirited! Really zealous! Really lively!
Really got into heaven - so joyful.

(occult, folklore) a soul; a spirit (po as opposed to hun)


cách

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cách.wav

sở hữu cách/cách sở hữu


câm

For the sense of "orthographically silent", a semantic loan from French muet.

Mặc dù trong tiếng Pháp ta có từ "h aspiré" (tức "âm h bật hơi"), chữ "h" của tiếng Pháp luôn luôn câm.

Even though there's this thing called the "aspirated h" in French, the French letter "h" is always silent.


nghiệm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 驗 (“to examine”).

(mathematics) a zero (value of a function’s independent variables when the value of the function is zero)


âm

(phonetics, colloquial) Clipping of âm tố or clipping of ngữ âm (“phone”).

(phonology, colloquial) clipping of âm vị (“phoneme”).

(linguistics, colloquial) Clipping of âm tiết (“syllable”).


âm

ngày âm

(occult) having "yin" characteristics, as in "dark", "lunar" or "feminine"

điện âm


đề

mệnh đề

(grammar) clause; (logic, mathematics) proposition


nguyên âm

[ŋwiən˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nguyên âm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 元音, composed of 元 (“primary; original”) and 音 (“sound”).

Một nhị trùng âm là một tở hợp của hai nguyên âm và được đọc dưới dạng một âm nhất quán.

2004, Nguyễn Văn Tuấn, Trương Văn Hùng, Tiếng Đức dành cho người Việt, NXB Trẻ, page 9:

A diphthong is the combination of two vowels and is pronounced as one unified sound.


dương

ngày dương

(occult) having "yang" characteristics, such as "bright", "solar" or "masculine"


lẹo

mụt (classifier)
hột (classifier)
瞭 (CJK)


phổ

phổ tự kỉ


gốc

[ɣəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


tiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仙, also written as 僊.

thần tiên

bát tiên

Hằng Nga Tiên tử
Heng'e the Hermit

(Chinese mythology or literature) a hermit (either of human or yokai origin) who trains themselves for thousands of years to become a Immortals (Tiên), or a state of existence between a human (nhân) and a god (thần)


nhượng

(anatomy, rare) the joints of the knee or heel


huyết

Sino-Vietnamese word from 血 (“blood”).
For a parallel where a Sino-Vietnamese item acquires cookery denotation, see bì (“skin as food”) (vs. native da (“skin”)). For a reverse case, compare Sino-Vietnamese não vs. native óc.

(only in compounds, rare, chiefly medicine) blood


chuỗi

head

𠁻, 𦀵, 𥣽, 𫡍, 𫡎

vi-noun

𠁻, 𦀵, 𥣽, 𫡍, 𫡎


cơ

co cơ


nguyên

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nguyên.wav

nguyên thuỷ

(mythology, religion) primordial; primitive

số nguyên

phần nguyên


đơn

(medicine) a condition producing skin rashes, normally indicating hives


vây

cái (classifier)
𩻟 (CJK)
𩻺 (CJK)
𩼀 (CJK)
𬵎 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese ꞗâi, from Proto-Vietic *c-piːl. Compare Maleng sơpi, O'du kpil ("fin").


lộc

[ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

hưởng lộc

to enjoy pays and benefits as a mandarin

(history, feudalism) some sort of pay/salary of a mandarin/courtier


lộc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鹿 (“deer”). Its usage in Vietnamese most likely started as a short form of 鹿茸 (lộc nhung, “velvet antler”), then shifted to "bud".
Not related to the etymology above. Nevertheless, due to homophony with etymology 1, it gained cultural significance as a symbol for prosperity.

[ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

lộc nai

(alternative medicine, uncommon) velvet antler


châu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 州 (“a type of historical political divisions”).

vi-etym-sino

Giao Châu là một châu của Trung Quốc thời Bắc thuộc.

Jiaozhou (region) was a province under Chinese government.


khoá

cái (classifier)
課 (CJK)
鎖 (CJK)
銙 (CJK)
錁 (CJK)

Short for chìa khoá (“key”). Also semantic loan from English key and semantic loan from French clef.


trắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仄 (“oblique”).

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) oblique (involving a rising or falling contour)

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang nor huyền tone


cung

12 cung hoàng đạo


cung

Sino-Vietnamese word from 供. Doublet of cúng.


châm cứu

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ kiw˧˦]

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦]

[cəm˧˧ kɨw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 針灸, composed of 針 (“needle”) and 灸 (“moxibustion”).


viêm

viêm họng


rốn

cái (classifier)
𦜞 (CJK)
𦠆 (CJK)
𦡋 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *p-suːɲʔ. Cognate with Muong Bi thủnh.

(Northern Vietnam, anatomy) a navel; a belly button

đún

no lenition, no vowel lowering, irregular onset


ngẫu nhiên

[ŋəw˦ˀ˥ ɲiən˧˧]

[ŋəw˧˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[ŋəw˨˩˦ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 偶然. Compare Japanese 偶然 (gūzen). Can be used as an adjective or adverb.


lưu

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lưu.wav


ảo

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 幻 (“illusion; mirage”, SV: huyễn), misreading of huyễn, probably due to being mistaken for 抝/拗 (ảo).
See also từ vựng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">huyễn</i>

vi-etym-sino

đơn vị ảo

thế giới ảo

sống ảo


pha

Pha của dao động cơ là (ωt+φ), trong đó φ là pha ban đầu.
The phase of a mechanical oscillation is (ωt+φ), with φ being the phase constant.

Mỗi nhịp tim có năm pha.


núm vú

[num˦˧˥ vʊw˨˩˦]

[nʊm˦˥ vʊw˦˥]

[nʊm˦˥ jʊw˦˥]

núm vú giả


chẵn

số chẵn

hàm số chẵn


âm dương

[ʔəm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰陽, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 陽 (“yang”).


tuyến

Sino-Vietnamese word from 腺, from Japanese 腺 (sen).

Audio (Hà Nội)


nhiễu

(broadcasting, radio, television, computer graphics) noisy


nhiễu

khử nhiễu

(broadcasting, radio, television, computer graphics) noise


cạnh

head

兢, 競, 竟, 境, 梗, 𧣲

vi-noun

兢, 競, 竟, 境, 梗, 𧣲

兢 (CJK)
競 (CJK)
竟 (CJK)
境 (CJK)
梗 (CJK)
𧣲 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cạnh.wav

Related to cánh (as in cánh tay (“arm”)), cf. Khmer កែង (kaeng, “elbow”). In many Austroasiatic languages, the words for "elbow" and "side, edge" have similar phonological shape.
Compare Pacoh akeng (“corner”) and talkeng (“elbow”).
Possibly related to nạnh (as in chống nạnh) through an infixed form.


giải

(mathematics) to solve (a mathematics problem); to answer


tâm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 心 (“heart”). Doublet of tim.

(geometry, of a circle or sphere) a center


cốt

From etymology above, as seen in the expression ‘[có] căn cốt đồng’ “[to have] the essence / inner quality to be a medium”.

bà cốt

ông cốt

Little wonder that the witch and the medium have been working hand in glove with each other!


dấu

From Proto-Vietic *k-toːʔ (“trace, footprint”); compare North Central Vietnamese đấu, Chut [Rục] kataw³ and Arem dawˀ. The meaning "tone" is due to the fact that tones are usually marked with diacritics.


trình

(computing) Short for chương trình (“program”).


áp

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-áp.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 壓. Compare ép, ẹp.

(medicine) Short for huyết áp (“blood pressure”).


thân

Sino-Vietnamese word from 親 (“close; pro-”).

vi-etym-sino

thân Mĩ/Pháp/Nhật


khai triển

[xaːj˧˧ t͡ɕiən˧˩]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʈiəŋ˧˨]

[xaːj˧˧ ʈiəŋ˧˨]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʈiəŋ˨˩˦]

[xaːj˧˧ ʈiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 開展 (“develop”).

Ông đã tìm ra công thức khai triển hàm số thành chuỗi luỹ thừa, ngày nay gọi là chuỗi Taylo (công thức Taylo).

2005, Từ điển bách khoa Việt Nam T-Z, NXB Từ điển bách khoa, page 75:

He found a formula to expand a function in a power series, now called the Taylor series (Taylor formula).


hồ li

Daji
King Zhou of Shang
huli jing
vi:Hồ ly tinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 狐狸 (“fox”), shortened from Chinese 狐狸精 (hồ li tinh, “huli jing”, literally “fox spirit”). The most well-known of this kind is a fictitious counterpart of Daji, a female one that allured King Zhou of Shang into a reign of cruelty.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hồ li tinh</i>

(Chinese mythology) a type of fox yaoguai that disguises as a human; a fox in human's clothing


tự

Sino-Vietnamese word from 字 (“letter, character, word”).


phồn thể

[foŋ˨˩ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 繁體, from Chinese 繁體／繁体 (fántǐ).

(sinology, of Chinese characters) traditional


thể

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體 (“body; style; form”).

thể bị/thụ động


ngành

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 梗 (“branch (of a plant)”, SV: ngạnh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngạnh</i>


từ nguyên học

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwiən˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 辭源學 or 詞源學／词源学 (cíyuánxué).


cúng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 供 (“to offer”, SV: cung). Doublet of cung.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cung</i>

vi-etym-sino

(religion, occult) to give offerings, to enshrine, to worship


đái tháo đường

head

đái tháo đường

vi-noun

đái tháo đường

[ʔɗaːj˧˦ tʰaːw˧˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˦ tʰaːw˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˦˥ tʰaːw˦˥ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

đái (“to pee, to piss”) + tháo (“to excrete from the body in large quantities”) + đường (“sugar”).


dã man

[zaː˦ˀ˥ maːn˧˧]

[jaː˧˨ maːŋ˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 野蠻 (“savage”).


thuyết

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 說. Doublet of thốt.

(linguistics) comment (in topic-comment structure)


ổ đĩa cứng

[ʔo˧˩ ʔɗiə˦ˀ˥ kɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔow˧˨ ʔɗiə˧˨ kɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˦ kɨŋ˦˥]


khí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khí.wav


suyễn

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 喘 (“to pant, to gasp”). Like hen (“asthma; to cough”), this word was originally a verb.


tuổi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 歲 (“age”, SV: tuế).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tuế</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông 70 tuổi xuân, 50 tuổi Đảng.

He's 70 years "young" and he worked as an active Party member for 50 years.

Mày tuổi gì?
Tuổi mèo/Mão.
What's your zodiac beast?
Cat.

Nó tuổi hổ/Dần nên nóng tính lắm.

His zodiac beast is the Tiger. No wonder he has such a temper.

Tao tuổi trâu/Sửu, nó tuổi hổ/Dần, không hạp nhau đâu.

My zodiac beast is the Buffalo, his is the Tiger, so we don't get along.

(occult, divination) the Vietnamese zodiac equivalent of a zodiac sign, i.e. an earthly branch or a zodiac beast, based on birthyear


tế

tế sống

(occult) to sacrifice to; to make an offering to


hợp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合 (“suitable, consistent”).

Hợp của A và B được viết là "A ∪ B".

The union of A and B can be written as "A ∪ B".

(set theory) a union (the set of all elements in the collection)


thuật ngữ

[tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 術語, composed of 術 (“technique”) and 語 (“word”).

(semantics) a term (word or phrase, especially one from a specialised area of knowledge)

(semantics) terminology (terms used in any business, art, etc)


lợi nhuận

[ləːj˧˨ʔ ɲwən˧˨ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩ʔ ɲwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩˨ ɲwəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 利潤, composed of 利 and 潤.


phẩm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 品 (“item; article; courtier rank”). Doublet of phím. Compare Japanese 品 (hon, -bon, -pon, “courtier rank”).

cog

nhất phẩm

cửu phẩm

(history) a rank for East Asian courtiers


người Việt

[ŋɨəj˨˩ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨj˦˩ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨj˨˩ viək̚˨˩˨]

[ŋɨj˨˩ jiək̚˨˩˨]

người (“human”) + Việt (“Yue; Vietnamese”).

compound

(history) the Yue people, the name given by the Chinese to various ethnic groups in Southern Ancient China and modern Northern Vietnam; a Yue person


thầy

→ Khmer: ថី (thəy)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 師 (SV: sư). Doublet of sư. Feudal Han or Nom teachers were generally male, hence the strictly modern use for male teachers.
The written form thày used to be common in the Northern dialects, now mostly eradicated in writing, although the pronunciation itself likely still remains in less mainstream Northern dialects.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sư</i>

vi-etym-sino

Muốn sang thì bắc cầu kiều
Muốn con hay chữ thì yêu lấy thầy
Want to cross a river? Build a bridge
Want your children educated? Show their teacher some love


côn

(rare, Chinese mythology) (cá ~) Kun, a giant mythical fish


ý nghĩa

[ʔi˧˦ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɪj˨˩˦ ŋiə˧˨]

[ʔɪj˦˥ ŋiə˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 意義. Compare Japanese 意義 (igi).


phần tử

[fən˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[fəŋ˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[fəŋ˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 分子, composed of 分 (“portion”) and 子 (“child; small thing”), from Japanese 分子 (bunshi), from Middle Chinese 分子 (bjunH tsiX, “part; division; component; member”, literally “portion child”).
The tone is slightly irregular, and a regular form would be *phận tử. For the tone difference between phần tử and phân tử, see phần. Doublet of phân tử. Cognate with Mandarin 分子 (fènzǐ) and Cantonese 分子 (fan6 zi2).

der

Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE

燕周之分子也

tập hợp A có 2 phần tử


vật thể

[vət̚˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˩]

[vək̚˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨]

[vək̚˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦]

[jək̚˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 物體, composed of 物 (“thing”) and 體 (“body”).

vi-etym-sino

vật thể bay không xác định

(chiefly sciences) an object; compare sự vật (“objects in general”)


nhiệt

(alternative medicine) having "hot" qi in your body which makes you susceptible to acne, etc.


mĩ

chân, thiện, mĩ


nhi khoa

[ɲi˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˧˧ xwaː˧˧]


số nhiều

[so˧˦ ɲiəw˨˩]

[ʂow˨˩˦ ɲiw˦˩]

[ʂow˦˥ ɲiw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số nhiều.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-số nhiều.wav


chữ số

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ so˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ ʂow˨˩˦]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ sow˨˩˦]

[cɨ˨˩˦ ʂow˦˥]

[cɨ˨˩˦ sow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chữ số.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chữ số.wav

chữ (“letter; character”) + số (“number”), calque of Chinese 數字／数字 (số tự).


mệnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 命; this is the Northern form. Doublet of mạng, the Southern form.

Mệnh hoả không hạp với mệnh thuỷ.

"Fire people" don't get along with "water people".

(occult) the wuxing element you're associated with, which dictates your luck and the kind of people you can get along with


kiếp

kiếp trước

Nếu có kiếp sau, ta nguyện bên nhau.

If there is another life, we vow to be together.

Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Nên thân ta giờ đây,
Kiếp sống không nhà không người thân.
Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Người ơi, ta đâu còn chi !
Xin hãy tránh xa kiếp đỏ đen !

(Can we date this quote?), Duy Mạnh (lyrics and music), “Kiếp đỏ đen [Gambling Life]”:

I'm so sinful,
Now I have to live this life,
No home, no loved ones.
I'm so sinful,
O humanity, I have nothing left!
Please stay clear of the gambling life!

♀: Em yêu anh, ngả nghiêng, bồng bềnh niềm kiêu hãnh.
Thiên đường xanh mướt, gió trong lành
Cuốn vào đời anh là em bất tận.
Vô tình chúng ta thuộc về nhau, ngàn kiếp sau.

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

♀: I love you, with drifting, floating pride.
A green paradise, with refreshing winds
That carry all of my infinite self into your life.
By the hands of fate, we belong together, for all lives after this.


số

head

số • (𢼂, 数, 數)

con (classifier)
𢼂 (CJK)
数 (CJK)
數 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-số.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 數 (“number, several, count, fate”). Perhaps also a clipping of chữ số (“digit”) and a semantic loan from English digital (see also kĩ thuật số (“digital”, literally “based on "digit/number-based" technology”). Compare French numérique (“numerical; digital”).

vi-etym-sino

đếm từ số một đến số mười

số bốn

cộng sai một số

số nhiều


nàng tiên

[naːŋ˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

(mythology) a young-looking female fairy


sứ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 使 (“envoy, messenger, ambassador”).

đi sứ nước...


cậu

From Proto-Vietic *guːʔ, from Old Chinese 舅 (OC *[ɡ](r)uʔ) (B-S) (SV: cữu).

(narratology) he/him, a young boy or man


từ láy

[tɨ˦˩ laj˨˩˦]

From từ (“word”) + láy (“to be a từ láy; to make repetitive sound”).

com

từ láy toàn bộ
từ láy toàn bộ#Vietnamese

từ láy bộ phận
từ láy bộ phận#Vietnamese

(linguistics) a reduplicative, a multisyllabic word (typically onomatopoeic or ideophonic) whose syllables are repeated wholely from a root (từ láy toàn bộ) or share either an onset consonant, a rhyme, and/or a "pseudo-rhyme" featuring homorganic consonants (từ láy bộ phận); all or some (in which case, the one meaningful syllable tend to sound more concrete or certain than its từ láy counterpart) of such syllables are often meaningless on their own; such a word typically expresses a sense of pattern, repetitiveness, continuity, downplaying, dismissal, softening or uncertainty; compare English chit-chat, hocus-pocus, etc.


quy

(Chinese mythology) the Turtle, one of the Four Benevolent Animals


quân sự

[kwən˧˧ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[kwəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[kwəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[wəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[wəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 軍事 (“military affairs”).

vi-etym-sino

Sinh viên nào cũng phải đi học quân sự một tháng.

Every [college] student has to go through one month of national defense education.

giáo dục quốc phòng
giáo dục quốc phòng#Vietnamese

(colloquial, education, communism) Synonym of giáo dục quốc phòng (“national defense education”)


kết hợp

[ket̚˧˦ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ket̚˦˧˥ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kəːt̚˦˥ həːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結合 (“to combine, to link up, to coordinate”).


đối tượng

[ʔɗoj˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對象, composed of 對 (“to face; opposite”) and 象 (“appearance; phenomenon”), Japanese 対象 (taishō, “object; target”).

Chúng tôi cần 10 đối tượng từ 20 đến 30 tuổi.

(sciences) a subject, usually a human one, to study or experiment on


tân ngữ

[tən˧˧ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[təŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˨]

[təŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


hoàng tuyền

[hwaːŋ˦˩ twiəŋ˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃泉, composed of 黃 (“yellow”) and 泉 (“spring”).


nhấp chuột

[ɲəp̚˧˦ t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəp̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəp̚˦˥ cuək̚˨˩˨]

Nhấp chuột vào đây.

Nhấp chuột vào hộp màu xanh.

cú nhấp chuột

(computing) to click (to press and release a computer mouse)


chữ nhật

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ ɲət̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ ɲək̚˨˩ʔ]

[cɨ˨˩˦ ɲək̚˨˩˨]

chữ + nhật; literally, “the character 日”.

hình chữ nhật

hộp chữ nhật


môi trường

[moj˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[moj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[moj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 媒 (“medium”) and 場 (“field”). Compare 媒質／媒质 (méizhì).

(sciences) a medium; material for transmission or propagation


tinh hoàn

[tïŋ˧˧ hwaːn˨˩]

[tɨn˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[tɨn˧˧ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精 (“semen”) and 丸 (“ball”).


gõ

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *g(uə)h (“to knock”); cognates with Khmer គោះ (kŭəh) and Chrau gŏh.


sốc

[ʂəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[səwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


nhiễm sắc thể

[ɲiəm˦ˀ˥ sak̚˧˦ tʰe˧˩]

[ɲiəm˧˨ ʂak̚˦˧˥ tʰej˧˨]

[ɲiəm˧˨ sak̚˦˧˥ tʰej˧˨]

[ɲim˨˩˦ ʂak̚˦˥ tʰej˨˩˦]

[ɲim˨˩˦ sak̚˦˥ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 染色體, composed of 染色 (“dyeing”) and 體 (“body”).


đột biến

[ʔɗot̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˦]

[ʔɗok̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗok̚˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]


thận

chạy thận nhân tạo

to run an "artificial kidney"; to go/be on dialysis


chánh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正. Doublet of chính. Compare Japanese 正 (shō-, “senior ranking for 位”).

cog

senior ranking for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">位</i>

(history) "senior" ranking for phẩm (“courtier rank”), e.g. chánh nhất phẩm (“senior rank 1”), tòng nhất phẩm (“junior rank 1”), chánh nhị phẩm (“senior rank 2”), tòng nhị phẩm (“junior rank 2”), etc.


mạng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 網 (“web, net”, SV: võng). Doublet of võng and màng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">võng</i>

vi-etym-sino

Audio (Hà Nội)

lên mạng


cụm từ

[kum˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[kum˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[kʊm˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cụm từ.wav


ruột già

[zuət̚˧˨ʔ zaː˨˩]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ jaː˦˩]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ jaː˨˩]

From ruột (“intestine”) + già (“old”), so called due to its rugosity.


thanh điệu

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰan˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


kết quả

[kəːt̚˦˥ waː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-kết quả.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結果 (“borne fruit; to bear fruit”).

cặp phạm trù nguyên nhân và kết quả


giao hoán

[jaːw˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[jaːw˧˧ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 交換, composed of 交 (“to exchange”) and 換 (“to exchange”), Japanese 交換 (kōkan), Middle Chinese 交換.

Các số hạng trong phép cộng và các thừa số trong phép nhân có tính giao hoán.

Summands in additions and factors in multiplications are commutative.


quỷ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鬼 (“ghost; devil; ogre”).

nghịch như quỷ

very mischievous, very naughty, like ghosts / fiends

nhất quỷ, nhì ma, thứ ba học trò

Ghosts [rank] first, fiends second, students third [in mischievousness]

(mythology) any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit; a demon, a devil, an imp, a goblin, an ogre, an orc, an oni, etc.


chương trình

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˦˩]

[cɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 章程 (“rule; regulation”).

(computing, especially software) a program


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


cạc mạng

[kaːk̚˧˨ʔ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[kaːk̚˨˩ʔ maːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaːk̚˨˩˨ maːŋ˨˩˨]

network interface card
network interface card


cạc âm thanh

[kaːk̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[kaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[kaːk̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧ tʰan˧˧]

From cạc (“card”) + âm thanh (音聲) (“sound”).


cạc màn hình

[kaːk̚˧˨ʔ maːn˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[kaːk̚˨˩ʔ maːŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[kaːk̚˨˩˨ maːŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]


An Nam

→ French: Annam

→ English: Annam

[ʔaːn˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-An Nam.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安南, composed of 安 (“pacified”) and 南 (“south”), officially 安南都護府／安南都护府 (An Nam Đô hộ phủ, “Annam Protectorate”). Reborrowed from French Annam which itself is from Vietnamese, used satirically along with the French derivative An-nam-mít (from French Annamite).

(history) Annam, a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]

(history) Tonkinese (pertaining to Tonkin)


ẩm thực

[ʔəm˧˩ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 飲食 (“drink and food, to drink and to eat”).


đồng chí

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同志, composed of 同 (“same”) and 志 (“will”).

Đồng chí Kim bắn trúng hồng tâm khi chỉ mới ba tuổi.

Comrade Kim could hit the bullseye when he was just three.

Đồng chí Bùi Văn A từ trần năm 2019, thọ 50 tuổi Đảng.
Comrade Bùi Văn A left us in 2019, after 50 years as a Party member.


kì lân

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧]


xi-lanh

[sɪj˧˧ lɛɲ˧˧]


tuyến lệ

[twiəŋ˦˧˥ lej˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ lej˨˩˨]

(anatomy) a lacrimal gland; a tear gland


màng trinh

[maːŋ˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˧]

[maːŋ˦˩ ʈɨn˧˧]

[maːŋ˨˩ ʈɨn˧˧]


diện tích

[ziən˧˨ʔ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[jiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]


tư bản

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 資本, composed of 資 (“money”) and 本 (“funds”), from Japanese 資本 (shihon) (used as a translation of English capital), from Literary Chinese 資本 (zīběn, “funds”).

tư bản bất biến

tư bản khả biến

tư bản cố định

tư bản lưu động

(socialism, communism, capitalism) capital


tư bản

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

(socialism, communism, capitalism) capitalist


nông nô

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ no˧˧]


La-tinh

[laː˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

French Latin, with a peculiar rendition of the French nasal vowel /ɛ̃/. Compare Phi-li-tinh (“Philistine”) and Cô-rinh-tô (“Corinth”). Compare Mandarin 拉丁 (Lādīng, Lạp Đinh), Hakka 拉丁 (Lâ-tên).


tiền tố

[tiəŋ˦˩ tow˨˩˦]


tiếp đầu ngữ

[tiəp̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tip̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


hậu tố

[həw˧˨ʔ to˧˦]

[həw˨˩ʔ tow˨˩˦]


tiếp vĩ ngữ

[tiəp̚˧˦ vi˦ˀ˥ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ vɪj˧˨ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tip̚˦˥ vɪj˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

[tip̚˦˥ jɪj˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


Héc-quyn

[hɛk̚˦˥ wɨn˧˧]

From French Hercule (“Hercules; Heracles”). As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French. The "Forbidden One" sense comes from the fact that this "Forbidden One" has infinite attack strength, and that the manga series as well as the card game Yu-Gi-Oh!, in its Chinese bootleg form, peaked during the same period as the airing of the TV show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.


A-sin

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology, literature) Achilles


Uy-lít-xơ

[ʔwi˧˧ lit̚˧˦ səː˧˧]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ lit̚˦˧˥ səː˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ lɨt̚˦˥ səː˧˧]

Borrowed from French Ulysse (“Ulysses”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Odysseus; Ulysses


ngựa thành Tơ-roa

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ zwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

ngựa (“horse”) + thành (“castle; fort; city”) + Tơ-roa (“Troy”), calque of French cheval de Troie.


đai

Cái máy tính này đai rồi.

(computing, slang) to malfunction; to crash; to be broken


mề đay

[me˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˧]


không thành kế

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ ke˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩ kej˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không thành kế.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 空城計, composed of 空 (“empty”), 城 (“fort”) and 計 (“strategy”), from Chinese 空城計／空城计 (kōngchéngjì), the 32nd of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.


vô cực

[vo˧˧ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無極 (“boundless”).


Hê-ra-clét

Borrowed from French Héraclès. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French.


vô cùng

[vo˧˧ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


phò mã

[fɔ˨˩ maː˦ˀ˥]

[fɔ˦˩ maː˧˨]

[fɔ˨˩ maː˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 駙馬 (SV: phụ mã).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phụ mã</i>

vi-etym-sino

kén phò mã


vườn không nhà trống

[vɨən˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

(history) a strategy that was performed by Trần Hưng Đạo, with which he lured the enemy (the Yuan army) into an empty residential area where there were no residents and no food supply, weakening them, minimizing damage to the Trần army, in order to strike back a while later. Literally meaning "empty gardens, empty houses".


thổ địa

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

cách mạng thổ địa

the "revolutions" for publicizing private land

(communism) regarding the confiscation of private land owned by feudal landlords for public use, especially for poor indentured farmers


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


võ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武, common reading of vũ.

quan võ


Na Tra

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哪吒 (SV: Na Trá).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Na Trá</i>


Dương Tiễn

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tiən˦ˀ˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊戩 (SV: Dương Tiển).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Dương Tiển</i>


á thần

[ʔaː˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞神, composed of 亞 (“sub-”) and 神 (“god”). The prefix 亞 denotes secondariness or lesserness rather than the notion of a demigod as a genealogical "half-god". Japanese 亜神 (ashin, “demigod”) and Japanese 亜人 (ajin, á nhân, “demihuman”) are also found in contemporary fantasy.

Hồ sơ á thần

(neologism, mythology, fantasy) Synonym of bán thần (“a demigod”)


Phù Tang

[fu˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 扶桑 (an alternate Chinese name of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), derived from the name of a legendary tree that was said to have grown somewhere in the East China Sea (東海／东海 (Dōnghǎi)), where the sun rose. The name was also used to refer to the sun, and a legendary country that was located in the East.

(literary, Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


cước

(medicine, pathology) affected by a frostbite


a móc

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ mawk͡p̚˦˥]

(computing, Southern Vietnam) at sign (@)


a còng

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kawŋ͡m˨˩]

(computing, Northern Vietnam) at sign (@)


Lưỡng Hà

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ haː˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ haː˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩河, composed of 兩 (“two, double”) and 河 (“river”).


Lưỡng Hà

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ haː˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ haː˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩]


cập nhật

[kəp̚˧˨ʔ ɲət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kəp̚˨˩ʔ ɲək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kəp̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 及 (“to reach”) and 日 (“day”).


đúp

nhấp đúp


mạng lưới

[maːŋ˧˨ʔ lɨəj˧˦]

[maːŋ˨˩ʔ lɨj˨˩˦]

[maːŋ˨˩˨ lɨj˦˥]

(computing) network (multiple computers and other devices connected together)


ổ đĩa

[ʔo˧˩ ʔɗiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔow˧˨ ʔɗiə˧˨]

[ʔow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˦]


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"
Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


ứng dụng

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ứng dụng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 應用 (“application”). Also, a semantic loan from English application.


Hương Cảng

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˩]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˦]

(history, dated in colloquial usage, sometimes used in literary contexts) Hong Kong


ngón cái

[ŋɔn˧˦ kaːj˧˦]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ kaːj˦˥]


ngón giữa

[ŋɔn˧˦ zɨə˦ˀ˥]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ jɨə˧˨]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ jɨə˨˩˦]

(anatomy) a middle finger or a middle toe


ngón trỏ

[ŋɔn˧˦ t͡ɕɔ˧˩]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ ʈɔ˧˨]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ ʈɔ˨˩˦]

(anatomy) an index finger or an index toe


ngón út

[ŋɔn˧˦ ʔut̚˧˦]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ ʔʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ ʔʊk͡p̚˦˥]

(anatomy) a little finger or a little toe


ngón áp út

[ŋɔn˧˦ ʔaːp̚˧˦ ʔut̚˧˦]

[ŋɔŋ˦˧˥ ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ ʔʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɔŋ˦˥ ʔaːp̚˦˥ ʔʊk͡p̚˦˥]

ngón (“digit”) + áp (“to press or rest on”) + út (“youngest”, from ngón út (“pinky”)).


gáy

From Middle Vietnamese gấy, from Proto-Vietic *t-giːʔ; cognate with Sách təki:⁴.


lâm sàng

[ləm˧˧ saːŋ˨˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʂaːŋ˦˩]

[ləm˧˧ saːŋ˦˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩]

[ləm˧˧ saːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 臨床, composed of 臨 (“to attend”) and 床 (“bed”).


hậu

nhà Hậu Lê
the Later Lê dynasty

Hậu Hán thư

(history, of a dynasty) later (used to distinguish similarly named dynasties)


bổ đề

[ʔɓo˧˩ ʔɗe˨˩]

[ʔɓow˧˨ ʔɗej˦˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ ʔɗej˨˩]


cú pháp học

[kʊw˨˩˦ faːp̚˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʊw˦˥ faːp̚˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


thổ ngữ

[tʰo˧˩ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰow˧˨ ŋɨ˧˨]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 土語 (“dialect”).


ung thư

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 癰疽 (“skin abscess, ulcer”).


mã nguồn

[maː˦ˀ˥ ŋuən˨˩]

[maː˧˨ ŋuəŋ˦˩]

[maː˨˩˦ ŋuəŋ˨˩]

mã (“code”) + nguồn (“source”), calque of English source code.


Nhật Nhĩ Man

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ ɲi˦ˀ˥ maːn˧˧]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ ɲɪj˧˨ maːŋ˧˧]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ ɲɪj˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧]


hộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 戶. Doublet of cửa and họ.


thế giới quan

[tʰe˧˦ zəːj˧˦ kwaːn˧˧]

[tʰej˨˩˦ jəːj˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰej˦˥ jəːj˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 世界觀, composed of 世界 (“world”) and 觀 (“view”), from Japanese 世界観 (sekaikan) which is a calque of German Weltanschauung.

(chiefly philosophy or Marxism) a worldview


phương pháp luận

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˧˦ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 方法論, composed of 方法 (“method”) and 論 (“theory”).


phương pháp luận

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˧˦ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ faːp̚˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

ý nghĩa phương pháp luận

(sciences, chiefly Marxism) methodological


hậu môn

[həw˨˩ʔ moŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩˨ moŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後門, composed of 後 (“back”) and 門 (“gate”).


từ loại

[tɨ˨˩ lwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˦˩ lwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詞類, composed of 詞 (“word”) and 類 (“kind”), Chinese 詞類／词类 (cílèi). Compare German Wortart (literally “word kind”), Dutch woordsoort (literally “word sort”).


ngữ âm học

[ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ʔəm˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨ˧˨ ʔəm˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 語音學 (“phonetics”).


âm tố

[ʔəm˧˧ to˧˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ tow˨˩˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ tow˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音素 (“phoneme”).


âm vị học

[ʔəm˧˧ vi˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vɪj˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音位學 (“phonology”).


âm vị

[ʔəm˧˧ vi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vɪj˨˩˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音位 (“phoneme”).


di căn

[jɪj˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ kaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 移 (“to move”) and 根 (“root”).


bướu cổ

[ʔɓiəw˧˦ ko˧˩]

[ʔɓɨəw˨˩˦ kow˧˨]

[ʔɓɨəw˦˥ kow˨˩˦]


bướm

head

𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phonemic reduplicative</i>

vi-noun

𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏

(classifier con) bướm • (𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏) (phonemic reduplicative bươm bướm)

con (classifier)
𧊉 (CJK)
𠰏 (CJK)
𧒅 (CJK)
蝶 (CJK)
乏 (CJK)
bươm bướm (reduplication)

From Proto-Vietic *paːmʔ. Cognates including Proto-Pong *paːm³, Thổ pəmpɨam³, Hoà Bình Muong pɨəm¹ pɨəm³, Sơn La Muong pɨəm³, Thanh Hoá Muong bɨəm³, Muong Bi pươm pưởm.
Compare also Khmu [Cuang] tlaːmpaːm.


đánh vần

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ vən˨˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ vəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ vəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ jəŋ˨˩]

Cách đánh vần từ "toán": o a nờ oan, tờ oan toan sắc toán

(linguistics) to spell a Vietnamese syllable as you pronounce it


vần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 韻 (“rhyme”, SV: vận).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vận</i>


âm tiết

[ʔəm˧˧ tiət̚˧˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ tiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔəm˧˧ tiək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm tiết.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音節, composed of 音 (“sound”) and 節 (“segment”).


nút

From Proto-Vietic *t-n-uːt (“bung”), a nasal infixed form of *tuːt (whence đút).

graphical user interface
graphical user interface


Cự Giải

[kɨ˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩]

[kɨ˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨]

[kɨ˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cự Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 巨蟹 (“giant crab”).


Thất Nữ

[tʰət̚˧˦ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ nɨ˧˨]

[tʰək̚˦˥ nɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thất Nữ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 室女, composed of 室 (“house”) and 女 (“female”). In Chinese, 室女 as a common noun means unmarried female virgin although this use is dated and is not attested in Vietnamese.

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Xử Nữ (“Virgo”)


Bạch Dương

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bạch Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白羊 (“white sheep”).


Xử Nữ

[sɨ˧˩ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[sɨ˨˩˦ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 處女 (“female virgin”).


Song Tử

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[sɔŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Tử.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙子 (“two children”).


Sư Tử

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]


Kim Ngưu

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Kim Ngưu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金牛 (“golden bull”).


Hải Sư

[haːj˧˩ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hải Sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海獅 (“sea lion”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Sư Tử (“Leo”)


Song Nam

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Nam.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙 (“double”) and 男 (“male”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Song Tử (“Gemini”)


Trinh Nữ

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Trinh Nữ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 貞女 (“female virgin”).


nhân mã

[ɲən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) centaur


Bắc Giải

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːj˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːj˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bắc Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北 (“north”) and 蟹 (“crab”). Compare Nam Dương (“Capricorn”, literally “southern goat”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Cự Giải (“Cancer”)


Hoàng Đế

[hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗe˧˦]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃帝, composed of 黃 (“yellow”) and 帝 (“emperor”).


Cân Xứng

[kən˧˧ sɨŋ˧˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cân Xứng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斤 (“catty”) and 秤 (“scale”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Thiên Bình (“Libra”)


Nhân Mã

[ɲən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nhân Mã.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人馬 (“centaur”).


Thuỷ Bình

[tʰwi˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thuỷ Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水瓶 (“water vase”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Bảo Bình (“Aquarius”)


Xạ Thủ

[saː˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[saː˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[saː˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Xạ Thủ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 射手 (“shooter”). Compare Japanese 射手座 (Iteza).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Nhân Mã (“Sagittarius”)


Ma Kết

[maː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ma Kết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 摩羯 (SV: Ma Yết, Ma Kiết)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Ma Yết, Ma Kiết</i>


Thiên Yết

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔiət̚˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Yết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 天蠍 (SV: Thiên Hiết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Thiên Hiết</i>


Song Ngư

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Ngư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙魚 (“two fish”).


Bảo Bình

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bảo Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寶瓶 (“precious vase”).


Nam Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 羊 (“caprid”). Compare Bắc Giải (“Cancer”, literally “northern crab”).

[naːm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Dương.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricorn”)


Thiên Bình

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天平 (“scales”).


Thiên Xứng

[tʰiən˧˧ sɨŋ˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Xứng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天秤 (“scales”).


thuật toán

[tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ twaːn˧˦]

[tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ twaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]

Unknown. Perhaps nativized from Chinese 算術／算术 (toán thuật, “arithmetic”), or a calque of Chinese 算法 (toán pháp, “algorithm”).


Bọ Cạp

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ kaːp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bọ Cạp.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpio”)


Thần Nông

[tʰən˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thần Nông.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神農, composed of 神 (“godly”) and 農 (“farming”), from Chinese 神農／神农 (Shénnóng).

vi-etym-sino

họ Thần Nông / Thần Nông thị

Con cháu Thần Nông thị là Đế Minh lấy con gái Vụ Tiên mà sinh Kinh Dương Vương, tức là thủy tổ của Bách Việt.

1993, Lê Văn Hưu with Phan Thu Tiên, Ngô Sĩ Liên, “Kỷ Hồng Bàng Thị [The Age of the Hongbangites]”, in Viện Khoa học Xã hội Việt Nam, transl., Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [The Complete Annals of Great Viet], volume 1:

Emperor Minh was a Shennongite, and he married Vụ Tiên's daughter and begat Kinh Dương Vương, the progenitor of the Baiyue.


bí thư

[ʔɓi˧˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˦˥ tʰɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bí thư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 秘書, Chinese 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “non-communist secretary”). Compare thư kí (“non-communist secretary”). Vietnamese uses an opposite distinction to Chinese's as to whether the secretary in question works for the communist government or not.

der

bí thư tỉnh uỷ/thành uỷ
the secretary of a provincial committee/committee of a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương of the Communist Party


tục biên

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

Đại Việt sử kí tục biên

Sequel to the Historical Records of the Great Viet


tiền truyện

[tiən˨˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʈwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

Bảo Liên Đăng tiền truyện

(literary, narratology) prequel; prelude


tiền biên

[tiən˨˩ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

Đại Việt sử kí tiền biên

Prequel to the Historical Records of the Great Viet


Văn Lang

[vaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[jaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

(history) the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, ruled by Hùng kings


tiên đề

[tiən˧˧ ʔɗe˨˩]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗej˦˩]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 先 (“before; previous”) and 題 (“title”).

vi-etym-sino

Tiên đề Ơ-clít về đường thẳng song song: qua một điểm nằm ngoài một đường thẳng, có một và chỉ một đưởng thẳng song song với đường thẳng đó.

Euclidean axiom on parallel lines: through a point that's not on a line, there's one and only one line that's parallel with that line.

(philosophy, mathematics, logic, proof theory) an axiom


định lí

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

Định lý Huygen cho phép tìm mômen quán tính của một vật thể đối với trục đã cho Oz₁ trong trường hợp đã biết mômen quán tính của vật thể đó đối với trục bất kỳ Az₂ song song với Oz₁.

1979, S.M. Targ, translated by Phạm Huyền, Giáo trình giản yếu cơ học lý thuyết, NXB đại học và trung học chuyên nghiệp Hà Nội, page 339:

Huygens' theorem allows to find the moment of inertia of some body relative to a given axis Oz₁ in the case the moment of inertia of that body relative to an arbitrary axis Az₂ parallel to Oz₁ is known.


đại số

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ so˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʂow˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ sow˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʂow˦˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ sow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại số.wav


hình vị

[hïŋ˨˩ vi˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ vɪj˨˩˨]

[hɨn˨˩ jɪj˨˩˨]


khẩu âm

[xəw˧˩ ʔəm˧˧]

[kʰəw˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[xəw˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[kʰəw˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

[xəw˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]


tâm lí

[təm˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[təm˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tâm lí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 心理, composed of 心 (“heart; mind”) and 理 (“workings”), Japanese 心理 (shinri, “psychological”, literally “workings of the mind”). The Japanese term was also used to mean "intellectual" in contrast with 物理 (butsuri, vật lí, “naturalist; physical”, literally “workings of things”), as a type of discipline that concerned theology, philosophy, politics and law. Compare sinh lí (“physiology”, literally “workings of life”) and địa lí (“geography”, literally “workings of the earth”).


dạ dày

From dạ (“internal organs, stomach”) + dày (“thick”).

com

Con đường ngắn nhất đến trái tim người đàn ông là đi qua dạ dày.

The shortest way to a man's heart is through his stomach.


Nam Kì

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Kì.wav


Trung Kì

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ki˨˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɪj˦˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɪj˨˩]


quán từ

[kwaːŋ˦˧˥ tɨ˦˩]

[waːŋ˦˥ tɨ˨˩]


đại danh từ

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zajŋ̟˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɛɲ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jan˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 代名詞, composed of 代 (“representative”) and 名詞 (“noun”).


quá khứ phân từ

[kwaː˧˦ xɨ˧˦ fən˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[kwaː˨˩˦ kʰɨ˨˩˦ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[kwaː˨˩˦ xɨ˨˩˦ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[waː˦˥ kʰɨ˦˥ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[waː˦˥ xɨ˦˥ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 過去分詞, composed of 過去 (“past”) and 分詞 (“participle”).

phân từ quá khứ
phân từ quá khứ#Vietnamese

(dated, grammar) Synonym of phân từ quá khứ (“past participle”)


hiện tại phân từ

[hiən˧˨ʔ taːj˧˨ʔ fən˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[hiəŋ˨˩ʔ taːj˨˩ʔ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[hiəŋ˨˩˨ taːj˨˩˨ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 現在分詞, composed of 現在 (“present”) and 分詞 (“participle”).

phân từ hiện tại
phân từ hiện tại#Vietnamese

present participle
present participle#English

(dated, grammar) Synonym of phân từ hiện tại (“present participle”)


đại từ

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]


phân từ hiện tại

[fən˧˧ tɨ˨˩ hiən˧˨ʔ taːj˧˨ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩ hiəŋ˨˩ʔ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ hiəŋ˨˩˨ taːj˨˩˨]

Calque of Chinese 現在分詞／现在分词 (hiện tại phân từ), from phân từ (“participle”) + hiện tại (“present”).


mạo từ

[maːw˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[maːw˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[maːw˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 帽 (“hat; cap”) and 詞 (“word”), as if the article is a “cap” on the noun that follows. Compare quán từ (literally “hat-word”).

vi-etym-sino

mạo từ xác định/hạn định

mạo từ bất định/không xác định/không hạn định


phân từ quá khứ

[fən˧˧ tɨ˨˩ kwaː˧˦ xɨ˧˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩ kwaː˨˩˦ kʰɨ˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩ kwaː˨˩˦ xɨ˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ waː˦˥ kʰɨ˦˥]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ waː˦˥ xɨ˦˥]

Calque of Chinese 過去分詞／过去分词 (quá khứ phân từ), from phân từ (“participle”) + quá khứ (“past”)


liên từ

[liən˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[liəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[liəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 連詞, composed of 連 (“to join”) and 詞 (“word”).


giới từ

[zəːj˧˦ tɨ˨˩]

[jəːj˨˩˦ tɨ˦˩]

[jəːj˦˥ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 介詞, composed of 介 (“to connect”) and 詞 (“word”).


thán từ

[tʰaːn˧˦ tɨ˨˩]

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ tɨ˦˩]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 嘆詞, composed of 嘆 (“to sigh; to chant”) and 詞 (“word”).


phó từ

[fɔ˨˩˦ tɨ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 副詞, composed of 副 (“secondary”) and 詞 (“word”).

(grammar) Synonym of trạng từ (“adverb”)


phân từ

[fən˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 分詞, composed of 分 (“to divide”) and 詞 (“word”).


trạng từ

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 狀 (“state”) and 詞 (“word”).


công thức

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公式, composed of 公 (“public; common”) and 式 (“ritual; type”).

Công thức 1


Song Sinh

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Sinh.wav


Sơn Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山羊, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 山羊 (shānyáng, “goat”), common reading of San Dương. Compare Miên Dương (“Aries”, literally “sheep”).

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sơn Dương.wav


ngữ nguyên học

[ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ŋwiən˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨ˧˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


từ nguyên

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tɨ˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 辭源 or 詞源／词源 (cíyuán).


ngữ nguyên

[ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ŋwiən˧˧]

[ŋɨ˧˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]


lượng từ

[lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 量詞, composed of 量 (“to measure”) and 詞 (“word”).

(grammar) a plurality particle, such as các or những


tải xuống

[taːj˧˩ suəŋ˧˦]

[taːj˧˨ suəŋ˦˧˥]

[taːj˨˩˦ suəŋ˦˥]

Calque of Chinese 下載／下载 (hạ tải) or English download.


trợ từ

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[ʈəː˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[ʈəː˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 助詞, composed of 助 (“to assist”) and 詞 (“word”).

(grammar) Synonym of lượng từ (“classifier; counter”)


trốc

head

祿, 築, 𫠼, 𩠸, 𬳕

vi-noun

祿, 築, 𫠼, 𩠸, 𬳕

cái (classifier)
祿 (CJK)
築 (CJK)
𫠼 (CJK)
𩠸 (CJK)
𬳕 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *k-loːk. Cognate with Muong tlốc.
The distribution of this word seems to be from southern Thanh Hoá, throughout the four North Central provinces south of Thanh Hoá, and some rural dialects of Thừa Thiên Huế.
Displaced by đầu in most major dialects.

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʈəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


kiết lị

[kiət̚˧˦ li˧˨ʔ]

[kiək̚˦˧˥ lɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kiək̚˦˥ lɪj˨˩˨]

kiết (“dysentery”) + lị (“dysentery”). For another similarly structured compound denoting a sickness, compare hen suyễn (“asthma”).


vòi

cái (classifier)
𦞑 (CJK)
𦟷 (CJK)
𦠽 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese uòi (“trunk”), from Proto-Vietic *vɔːj. Related to voi (“elephant”).

Con vỏi con voi, / Cái vòi đi trước,[…]

1971, Nguyễn Tấn Long, Phan Canh, Thi Ca Bình Dân Việt Nam, volumes 4 – Sinh Hoạt Thi Ca, NXB Sống Mới, page 364:

Elephant, elephant, / Its trunk comes first, […]

(anatomy, of an elephant or a tapir) a trunk

vòi muỗi

(anatomy, by extension) any tube-like organ


số tự nhiên

[so˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ ɲiən˧˧]

[ʂow˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩ʔ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[sow˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩ʔ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[ʂow˦˥ tɨ˨˩˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[sow˦˥ tɨ˨˩˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số tự nhiên.wav

số (“number”) + tự nhiên (“nature”), calque of Chinese 自然數／自然数 (tự nhiên số)

(mathematics, set theory) a natural number


số phức

[so˧˦ fɨk̚˧˦]

[ʂow˨˩˦ fɨk̚˦˧˥]

[sow˨˩˦ fɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʂow˦˥ fɨk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số phức.wav


cơn

(physiology, psychology) Indicates some types of negative physiological/psychological condition, such as pain, anger, etc.: sudden attack; bout


căn

(pathology) indicates diseases, illnesses


hình vuông

[hïŋ˨˩ vuəŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ vuəŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ vuəŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ juəŋ˧˧]


hình thoi

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰɔj˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰɔj˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ tʰɔj˧˧]

hình (“shape”) + thoi (“weaving shuttle”)


tứ giác

[tɨ˧˦ zaːk̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩˦ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˦˥ jaːk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tứ giác.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四角 (“four corners of a rectangle”), from Japanese 四角 (“square; rectangular”)


tam giác vuông

[taːm˧˧ zaːk̚˧˦ vuəŋ˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ vuəŋ˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˥ vuəŋ˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˥ juəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác vuông.wav

tam giác (“triangle”) + vuông (“right”).

right-angled triangle
right-angled triangle

(geometry) right triangle/right-angled triangle


góc tù

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ tʊw˦˩]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ tʊw˨˩]


lăng trụ đứng

[laŋ˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ ʔɗɨŋ˧˦]

[laŋ˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨŋ˦˧˥]

[laŋ˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩˨ ʔɗɨŋ˦˥]


tam giác cân

[taːm˧˧ zaːk̚˧˦ kən˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ kəŋ˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˥ kəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác cân.wav

tam giác (“triangle”) + cân (“balanced”)


hình chóp

[hïŋ˨˩ t͡ɕɔp̚˧˦]

[hɨn˦˩ t͡ɕɔp̚˦˧˥]

[hɨn˨˩ cɔp̚˦˥]


tam giác long

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lɔŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác long.wav


hình thang

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

(geometry) trapezoid/trapezium (with a pair of parallel sides)


tam giác đều

[taːm˧˧ zaːk̚˧˦ ʔɗew˨˩]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗew˦˩]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗew˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác đều.wav

tam giác (“triangle”) + đều (“equally; evenly”)

equilateral triangle
equilateral triangle


hình trụ

[hïŋ˨˩ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

(geometry) a cylinder (a shape with a surface area)


góc vuông

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ vuəŋ˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ vuəŋ˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ vuəŋ˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ juəŋ˧˧]


góc nhọn

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ ɲɔn˧˨ʔ]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩˨]


tứ diện

[tɨ˧˦ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˦˥ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tứ diện.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四面 (“four sides”).


so le trong

[sɔ˧˧ lɛ˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂɔ˧˧ lɛ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˧˧]

[sɔ˧˧ lɛ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˧˧]

[ʂɔ˧˧ lɛ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˧˧]

[sɔ˧˧ lɛ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˧˧]


lăng trụ

[laŋ˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩˨]


hình lập phương

[hïŋ˨˩ ləp̚˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ ləp̚˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ ləp̚˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧]

(geometry) a cube, as regards its surface areas only


tam giác

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三角 (“triangle; triangular; three horns”).


đồng vị

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ vi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ vɪj˨˩˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ jɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同位 (“par”). Compare Chinese 同位素 (đồng vị tố, “isotope”), Japanese 同位体 (dōitai, đồng vị thể, “isotope”).


hình nón

[hïŋ˨˩ nɔn˧˦]

[hɨn˦˩ nɔŋ˦˧˥]

[hɨn˨˩ nɔŋ˦˥]


danh từ hoá

[zajŋ̟˧˧ tɨ˨˩ hwaː˧˦]

[jɛɲ˧˧ tɨ˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[jan˧˧ tɨ˨˩ waː˦˥]


Thành Cát Tư Hãn

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ kaːt̚˧˦ tɨ˧˧ haːn˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ kaːk̚˦˧˥ tɨ˧˧ haːŋ˧˨]

[tʰan˨˩ kaːk̚˦˥ tɨ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 成吉思汗, from Literary Chinese 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán), from Mongolian ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (činggis qaɣan), Чингис хаан (Čingis xaan). Compare Mandarin 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísī Hán).

der

ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ


bao tử

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 包子, composed of 包 (“to wrap”) and 子 (“noun suffix”).

vi-etym-sino

Ăn chậm nhai kĩ kẻo đau bao tử.

Take slow and thorough bites, or else you'll get a stomachache.

Nhưng nếu bạn vẫn chưa quen thêm gia vị cay vào thức ăn, thì cũng đừng nên thử nó, vì bao tử của bạn không chịu được chất cay nóng của những gia vị này, sẽ khiến tình trạng bệnh bao tử của bạn càng tồi tệ hơn.

2017, “9 loại thực phẩm người bệnh đau bao tử nên tránh”, in VOH Online:

But if you are not used to spicy food, then do not try it, because your stomach cannot tolerate the spices and it will make your stomach disease even worse.

(anatomy, Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam) stomach


vị ngữ

[vi˧˨ʔ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[vɪj˨˩ʔ ŋɨ˧˨]

[vɪj˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

[jɪj˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


chủ ngữ

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ŋɨ˧˨]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩˦]


phụ âm

[fu˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phụ âm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 輔音, composed of 輔 (“to assist”) and 音 (“sound”).


cảnh

động mạch cảnh


móng

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) móng • (𧅭, 𤔻, 𤔾, 𤔽)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𧅭 (CJK)
𤔻 (CJK)
𤔾 (CJK)
𤔽 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-móng.wav

From Proto-Vietic *-mɔːŋʔ (“nail; hoof; claw”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁m(uə)ŋʔ (“nail; claw”). Cognate with Muong mỏng, Khmu tmʰmɔːŋ.

inh

vi:Móng (công trình xây dựng)
vi:Móng (địa chất)
vi:Móng (động vật)

móng ngựa

vành móng ngựa

a platform with a fence that curves like a horseshoe in a courtroom, where the defendant is supposed to stand

(anatomy, of a non-primate animal) a claw, talon or hoof


răng khôn

[ʐaŋ˧˧ kʰoŋ˧˧]

[ʐaŋ˧˧ xoŋ˧˧]

[ɹaŋ˧˧ kʰoŋ˧˧]

[ɹaŋ˧˧ xoŋ˧˧]

răng (“tooth”) + khôn (“clever; smart”).


quốc hiệu

[kuək̚˧˦ hiəw˧˨ʔ]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ hiw˨˩ʔ]

[wək̚˦˥ hiw˨˩˨]

Quốc-hiệu nước ta thay-đổi đã nhiều lần, tuy rằng ngày nay ta vẫn theo thói quen dùng hai chữ An-nam 安 南, nhưng vì hai chữ ấy có ngụ ý phải thần-phục nước Tàu, vậy thì ta nên nhất định lấy tên Việt-nam 越 南 mà gọi nước nhà.

1920, Trần Trọng Kim, Việt Nam sử lược, volume I, Trung Bắc Tân Văn, page 4:

The name of our country has changed many times; we still follow the custom of using the two characters Annam 安 南, but, as they carry the connotation of bending the knee to China, we should definitely use the name Vietnam 越 南 for our nation.

(history) the name of a country (such as the historical name Đại Việt for Vietnam)


lạm phát

[laːm˧˨ʔ faːt̚˧˦]

[laːm˨˩ʔ faːk̚˦˧˥]

[laːm˨˩˨ faːk̚˦˥]


Ấn-Âu

[ʔən˧˦ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˧˥ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˥ ʔəw˧˧]


Hán-Tạng

[haːn˧˦ taːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˧˥ taːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˥ taːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漢藏, composed of 漢 (“Han”) and 藏 (“Tibet”).


Nam Á

[naːm˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[naːm˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[naːm˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]


lập trình viên

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ viən˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ ʈɨn˦˩ viəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ ʈɨn˨˩ viəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ ʈɨn˨˩ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 立程 (“to program; to code”) and 員 (“-er; -ist”).

(programming, software) a programmer; a coder


bán kính

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ kïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ kɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ kɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半徑, composed of 半 (“half”) and 徑 (“diameter”), from Japanese 半径 (hankei).


hình dung từ

[hïŋ˨˩ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[hɨn˦˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[hɨn˨˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 形容詞, composed of 形容 (“to describe”) and 詞 (“word”).

(dated, Chinese language) Synonym of tính từ (“adjective”) (word that modifies a noun or describes a noun’s referent)


Mĩ Tho

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰɔ˧˧]

From Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “inhabited area”) + មេ (mee, “girl”) + ស (sɑɑ, “white”), literally "land of white girls". The first element was somehow dropped.

(history) a former province of Vietnam, now part of Tiền Giang Province


hữu thanh

[hiw˦ˀ˥ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[hɨw˧˨ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[hɨw˨˩˦ tʰan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 有聲, composed of 有 (“to have”) and 聲 (“sound”).


vô thanh

[vo˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[vow˧˧ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無聲, composed of 無 (“-less”) and 聲 (“sound”).


Nguyên

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

(history) Yuan, a Mongolian dynasty (1271–1368 C.E.)


guốc

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) guốc • (踘, 椈, 梮, 槶)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
踘 (CJK)
椈 (CJK)
梮 (CJK)
槶 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese guóc, a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 屐 (SV: kịch).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kịch</i>


từ ngoại lai

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ laːj˧˧]

[tɨ˦˩ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ laːj˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩ ŋwaːj˨˩˨ laːj˧˧]

từ (“word”) + ngoại lai (“foreign; exotic”), probably a calque of Chinese 外來語／外来语 (ngoại lai ngữ).

cal

(linguistics) a word of foreign origin; a loanword, foreign word, calque, etc.


Triều Châu

[t͡ɕiəw˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈiw˦˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈiw˨˩ cəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Triều Châu.wav


lỗ trôn

[lo˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕon˧˧]

[low˧˨ ʈoŋ˧˧]

[low˨˩˦ ʈoŋ˧˧]


bình phương

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

Hiệu các bình phương của hai số bằng tích tổng và hiệu của hai số đó

The difference of the squares of two numbers is the product of their sum and their difference.


bình phương

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ fɨəŋ˧˧]

Two squared equals four


lập phương

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧]

khối lập phương

cube, regarding the shape and the volume


lập phương

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧]

Three cubed equals eight


lạm phát phi mã

[laːm˧˨ʔ faːt̚˧˦ fi˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[laːm˨˩ʔ faːk̚˦˧˥ fɪj˧˧ maː˧˨]

[laːm˨˩˨ faːk̚˦˥ fɪj˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

lạm phát (“inflation”) + Chinese 飛馬／飞马 (fēimǎ, “to ride a horse very fast”).


cơ địa

[kəː˧˧ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[kəː˧˧ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[kəː˧˧ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 基地, from Japanese 基地 (kichi, “base”).

Cơ địa mỗi người mỗi khác.

Constitution differs from person to person.


số ít

[so˧˦ ʔit̚˧˦]

[ʂow˨˩˦ ʔit̚˦˧˥]

[sow˨˩˦ ʔit̚˦˧˥]

[ʂow˦˥ ʔɨt̚˦˥]

[sow˦˥ ʔɨt̚˦˥]


công nhân

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 工人, composed of 工 (“labor”) and 人 (“-er”).


phạm trù

[faːm˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˨˩]

[faːm˨˩ʔ ʈʊw˦˩]

[faːm˨˩˨ ʈʊw˨˩]

Sáu cặp phạm trù cơ bản trong triết học Mác: cái chung và cái riêng, bản chất và hiện tượng, nội dung và hình thức, nguyên nhân và kết quả, khả năng và hiện thực, tất nhiên và ngẫu nhiên.

The six pairs of categories in Marxian philosophy: generality and specificity, nature and phenomenon, content and form, cause and effect, potentiality and reality, certainty and randomness.


mỏ

From Proto-Vietic *k-ɓɔh (“beak”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟɓuəh ~ *ɟɓuuʔ; cognate with Thavung abɔh¹, Khmer ចំពុះ (cɑmpuh), Pacoh tarbóh.

thú mỏ vịt

(anatomy, of a bird or a platypus) beak; bill


lỗ đít

[lo˦ˀ˥ ʔɗit̚˧˦]

[low˧˨ ʔɗit̚˦˧˥]

[low˨˩˦ ʔɗɨt̚˦˥]


loại từ

[lwaːj˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[lwaːj˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 類 (“category”) and 詞 (“word”).

Loại từ trong tiếng Việt là đơn vị ngữ pháp rất khó sử dụng đối với người nước ngoài.

Nguyễn Thiện Nam (2004) “Lỗi Loại Từ trong Tiếng Việt của Người Nước Ngoài”, in Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, volume 1, number 1 (PDF), National University of Signapore Center for Language Studies, pages 81–88

The classifier in Vietnamese is a grammatical unit that is very difficult for foreigners to use.

(grammar) classifier (word used to indicate a semantic class)


sỏi thận

[sɔj˧˩ tʰən˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɔj˧˨ tʰəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sɔj˧˨ tʰəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɔj˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩˨]

[sɔj˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩˨]


Phổ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 普, from Mandarin 普魯士／普鲁士 (Pǔlǔshì; Phổ Lỗ Sĩ), perhaps from French Prusse. Compare Thuỵ Sĩ.


trường hợp

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ həːp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trường hợp.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 場合, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 場合 (baai).

obor

2 ca/trường hợp tử vong


trọng tâm

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨ təm˧˧]

Trọng tâm của bài học hôm nay là trọng tâm tam giác.

Today's lesson focuses on the centroid of triangles.


trực tâm

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ təm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 直心, composed of 直 (“straight; ortho-”) and 心 (“center”), perhaps a direct calque of a European word for "orthocenter". Unintuitively, this term has nothing to do with the point of intersection of the three đường trung trực (“segment-bisecting lines”) of the three sides of a triangle, the circumcenter, which does not have a common name in Vietnamese.


côsin

[kow˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]


côtang

[ko˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

Calque of translingual cotan, from tang.


bàng quang

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ waːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bàng quang.wav


ót

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, anatomy) nape


Pô-dê-i-đông

[po˧˧ ze˧˧ ʔi˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[pow˧˧ jej˧˧ ʔɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[pow˧˧ jej˧˧ ʔɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


trình đơn

[t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[ʈɨn˦˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[ʈɨn˨˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

Calque of English menu, Blend of chương trình (“program”) + thực đơn (“restaurant menu”)

blend

(computing) menu (a list from which the user may select an operation to be performed)


tế bào

[te˧˦ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

[tej˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˦˩]

[tej˦˥ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tế bào.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 細胞, composed of 細 (“minute (small)”) and 胞 (“sack; womb”), from Japanese 細胞 (saibō).


vuông

head

𣃱, 𣄇, 𣄖, 𩖫, 𪯵, 𪯾

vi-adj

𣃱, 𣄇, 𣄖, 𩖫, 𪯵, 𪯾

𣃱 (CJK)
𣄇 (CJK)
𣄖 (CJK)
𩖫 (CJK)
𪯵 (CJK)
𪯾 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vuông.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 方 (“square”, SV: phương).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phương</i>

vi-etym-sino

góc vuông

tam giác vuông

Đường thẳng d vuông góc với đường thẳng t.


cơ quan

[kəː˧˧ kwaːn˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-cơ quan.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cơ quan.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 機關.
The modern senses are from Japanese 機関 (kikan), while the obsolete sense of "mechanics, mechanism" is directly from Middle Chinese 機關 (kɨi kˠuan).


tuỷ sống

[twɪj˧˨ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[twɪj˧˨ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ səwŋ͡m˦˥]


xương sống

[sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˧˦]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˥]


bạch huyết

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ hwiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ wiək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白血 (“white blood”).


thần kinh

[tʰən˨˩ kïŋ˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ kɨn˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ kɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神經, composed of 神 (“divine; spiritual; mental”) and 經 (“scripture; qi meridian/channel/vessel”), from Japanese 神経 (shinkei, “nerve”, noun), used as a calque of Dutch zenuw. In traditional Chinese medicine, the meridian system circulates qi, and "divine qi" is the specific qi that governs the mind. Earlier attestations in Literary Chinese, particularly in the 後漢書·方術傳序 (“Book of the Later Han: Preface to the Legend of Magic”), were unrelated and literally meant "divine/sacred scripture".

dây thần kinh


giống cái

[zəwŋ͡m˧˦ kaːj˧˦]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˥ kaːj˦˥]


giống cái

[zəwŋ͡m˧˦ kaːj˧˦]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˥ kaːj˦˥]


loạn

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亂. Likely a doublet of lộn and trộn.

loạn 12 sứ quân

Anarchy of the 12 Warlords, lit. "Chaos of the 12 Warlords"

loạn An Sử


suối vàng

[suəj˧˦ vaːŋ˨˩]

[ʂuj˨˩˦ vaːŋ˦˩]

[suj˨˩˦ vaːŋ˦˩]

[ʂuj˦˥ vaːŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-suối vàng.wav

suối (“spring; stream”) + vàng (“yellow”), calque of Chinese 黃泉／黄泉 (hoàng tuyền)

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoàng tuyền</i>

xuống suối vàng

Mày mà cứ thối thây thế này cả đời thì tao có xuống suối vàng cũng không nhắm mắt nổi.

I'll never be able to die with my eyes closed if you just keep being a worthless ass like this for all your life.


mật mã

[mət̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥]

[mək̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨]

[mək̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 密碼 (“password”).


góc kề nhau

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ ke˨˩ ɲaw˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ kej˦˩ ɲaw˧˧]


góc phụ nhau

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ ɲaw˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ fʊw˨˩ʔ ɲaw˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨ ɲa(ː)w˧˧]


góc bù nhau

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɓu˨˩ ɲaw˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɓʊw˦˩ ɲaw˧˧]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɓʊw˨˩ ɲa(ː)w˧˧]


góc đối đỉnh

head

góc đối đỉnh

vi-noun

góc đối đỉnh

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˦ ʔɗïŋ˧˩]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˧˨]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗoj˦˥ ʔɗɨn˨˩˦]

(geometry) vertical angles; opposite angles


góc bẹt

[ɣawk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɓɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣawk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɓɛk̚˨˩˨]


đường tròn bàng tiếp

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ t͡ɕɔn˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ ʈɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ tip̚˦˥]

Compare Japanese 傍接円 (bōsetsuen, bàng tiếp viên), Korean 방접원 (bangjeobwon).


đường tròn nội tiếp

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ t͡ɕɔn˨˩ noj˧˨ʔ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ ʈɔŋ˦˩ noj˨˩ʔ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩ noj˨˩˨ tip̚˦˥]

Compare Chinese 內接圓／内接圆 (nội tiếp viên), Japanese 内接円 (naisetsuen), Korean 내접원 (naejeobwon).


đường tròn ngoại tiếp

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ t͡ɕɔn˨˩ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ ʈɔŋ˦˩ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩ ŋwaːj˨˩˨ tip̚˦˥]

Compare Chinese 外接圓／外接圆 (ngoại tiếp viên), Japanese 外接円 (gaisetsuen), Korean 외접원 (oejeobwon).


lục lạp

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ laːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綠 (“green”) and 粒 (“granule”).


ống quyển

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˦ kwiən˧˩]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kwiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩˦]


vectơ

[vɛk̚˧˦ təː˧˧]

[vɛk̚˦˧˥ təː˧˧]

[vɛk̚˦˥ təː˧˧]

[jɛk̚˦˥ təː˧˧]

Borrowed from French vecteur or English vector.


phương trình tham số

[fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ tʰaːm˧˧ so˧˦]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˦˩ tʰaːm˧˧ ʂow˨˩˦]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˦˩ tʰaːm˧˧ sow˨˩˦]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˨˩ tʰaːm˧˧ ʂow˦˥]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˨˩ tʰaːm˧˧ sow˦˥]

phương trình (“equation”) + tham số (“parameter”)

compound

parametric equation
parametric equation#English


bất phương trình

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˦˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ fɨəŋ˧˧ ʈɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不 (“un-; in-”) and 方程 (“equation”).


bất đẳng thức

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ʔɗaŋ˧˩ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaŋ˧˨ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ʔɗaŋ˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


kiết

kiết bạch

dysentery with diarrhoea that becomes white with mucus


điều phải chứng minh

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ faːj˧˩ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ faːj˧˨ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ faːj˨˩˦ cɨŋ˦˥ mɨn˧˧]

Vậy tam giác ABC vuông tại A (đpcm)

Conclusion: triangle ABC is right-angled at A (Q.E.D.)

quod erat demonstrandum
quod erat demonstrandum#English

(mathematics, chiefly geometry) quod erat demonstrandum


giai thừa

[zaːj˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

[jaːj˧˧ tʰɨə˦˩]

[jaːj˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 階乘. The more common reading thừa is used instead of thặng. Compare Mandarin 階乘／阶乘 (jiēchéng), Cantonese 階乘／阶乘 (gaai1 sing4), Japanese 階乗 (kaijō), Korean 계승 (gyeseung).

không giai thừa bằng một


mẫn cảm

[mən˦ˀ˥ kaːm˧˩]

[məŋ˧˨ kaːm˧˨]

[məŋ˨˩˦ kaːm˨˩˦]

Không dùng nếu mẫn cảm với các thành phần của thuốc.

Do not use if sensitive to the drug's ingredients.

(chiefly pathology, pharmacology) sensitive


triệu chứng

[t͡ɕiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʈiw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʈiw˨˩˨ cɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兆 (“omen; sign”) and 症 (“disease indication”). See also hội chứng (“syndrome”).

vi:Triệu chứng cơ năng
vi:Triệu chứng thực thể

triệu chứng thực thể

triệu chứng cơ năng


thanh môn

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ moŋ˧˧]


tia số

[tiə˧˧ ʂow˨˩˦]

[tiə˧˧ ʂow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tia số.wav

(mathematics) a "number ray", "half" of a number line that only displays natural numbers