mi

đô, rê, mi

(music) mi (third note of diatonic scale)


om

om cá

om chuối

nồi om


bi

cục (classifier)
hòn (classifier)
viên (classifier)

Borrowed from French bille (“marble, ball”).

bi cái


ram

sườn ram

(cooking) to sauté then braise with added water or coconut water


唵

án (Hán-Nôm)
úm (Hán-Nôm)
ướm (Hán-Nôm)
ngàn (Hán-Nôm)
ngạn (Hán-Nôm)


念

念經 (niệm kinh)

to recite contents from a religious text

chữ Hán form of niệm.
(religion) to recite


邊

chữ Hán form of biên.
(sports) a boundary


thánh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖.
The informal adjectival sense "naive, credulous, gullible" and nominal sense "idiot, moron, simpleton" likely semantically develop from senses "saintly" and "saint" respectively, thus paralleling silly and crétin each in that order; see those entries for etymologies and semantic developments.

Thánh Phan-xi-cô

c. 53 - 57 CE, 1 Corinthians 1:2-3; 2001 Vietnamese translation from the New Vietnamese Bible version; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Kính gửi Hội Thánh của Đức Chúa Trời tại thành phố Cô-rinh-tô, tức là những người đã được thánh hóa trong Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, cũng được gọi là các thánh, cùng với tất cả những người ở khắp mọi nơi cầu khẩn danh Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, Chúa của họ và của chúng ta. Nguyện xin Đức Chúa Trời, Cha chúng ta và Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su ban ân sủng và bình an cho anh chị em.

To the church of God that is in Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, together with all those who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, both their Lord and ours: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.


tang

Trống thủng còn tang.

The drum was busted, leaving only the shell.


Ta

“Này các đệ tử, là bậc đạo sư, những gì Ta làm là vì từ mẫn, mưu cầu hạnh phúc cho các đệ tử. Này các đệ tử, đây là gốc cây, đây nơi an tĩnh, hãy thực tập thiền, chớ có phóng dật, để không nuối tiếc. Đây lời Ta dạy, hãy gắng thực hành”.

2014, Thích Nhật Từ, “Kinh tiểu sử Đức Phật [A Biography of the Buddha]”, in Kinh Phật cho người tại gia [A Scriptural Collection for Non-committal Buddhists]:

“My disciples, whatever I do as a teacher is for your own good and happiness. My disciples, at the foot of this tree, you shall be meditating, not idling, so you will not have regrets. Heed My words and practice.”

(Buddhism) Alternative letter-case form of ta; I/me, the Buddha


vai

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vai.wav

Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕai, ꞗai in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 多埋 (MC ta meaj) (modern SV: đa mai).
Compare Proto-Katuic *ʔapaal (“shoulder”) (whence Pacoh apal).
Some North Central dialects have the form ban with unlenited ‹b› (vs. standard form with lenited ‹v›) and ‹-n› reflex of earlier *-l.

vai chính

vai phụ

(television, film, theater) a role; a part


SIDA

[si˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[si˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

From French SIDA. The adjectival sense for clothing comes from Swedish SIDA (“Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency”), an organisation from which Vietnam received development assistance funding after the Vietnam War. Its negative connotation of the word is influenced by the aforementioned borrowing from French.

bor

(clothing, of clothes) sold after being used by someone


sút

Anh sút một quả trái phá, thủ môn không tài nào cản phá được.

He scored an insane banger that left the goalkeeper no chance.


vía

Unknown. Compare Proto-Vietic *r-vaːjʔ (“soul; spirit”) (> Muong wãi), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rwaaj (“tiger > soul; spirit”).

cog

(folklore, religion) po (the soul which does not leave the body after death)

đeo vía

đốt vía

(folklore, religion) an object made of paper that is worn on the body or burned to avoid disasters and illnesses


bàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盤 (“plate; board game”).

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bàn.wav


bàn

bàn thắng

thua 2 bàn

(sports, games) indicates a single score or goal


áo

head

áo • (𬡢 - 奧, 襖, 袄)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cái) áo • (𬡢 - 奧, 襖, 袄)

chiếc (classifier)
cái (classifier)
襖 (CJK)
袄 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-áo.wav

From Proto-Vietic *ʔaːwʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔaawʔ (“upper garment”). Cognates include Muong ảo, Bahnar ao, Khmer អាវ (ʼaaw), Pacoh ao and possibly Chinese 襖 /袄 (ǎo).

inh

áo ngực/vú

a top undergarment for women; a bra, corset, etc.

áo ba lỗ

áo khoác/ấm/lạnh

áo len

(by extension, clothing, rare) an outfit


sân

cái (classifier)
𡓏 (CJK)
𫸈 (CJK)
𡑝 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sân.wav

sân vận động

(by extension, sports) a ground for playing physical sports; a field, a pitch, a course, a court, etc.


bái

bái trời

(chiefly religion) to bow during an act of worship as sign of respect or to show sincerity


無常

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of vô thường (“impermanence”).


chì

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chì.wav


cùn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 裙 (SV: quần).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quần</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cùn.wav

(in certain dialects of North Central Vietnam, clothing) pants; trousers; shorts


dòng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-dòng.wav


gá

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 假 (SV: giả) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014: 98).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giả</i>

vi-etym-sino

(woodworking) to make something attached and aligned onto a lathe


lí

lí cây đa


cây

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cây.wav

From Proto-Vietic *gəl ~ *kəl. Cognate with Central Vietnamese cân, Muong câl, cấl, Kha Phong kɨl². Related to cấy.
Various words with similar shape that have the meaning of "to fell trees" occur in many Austroasiatic branches, including Semai kòl, Temiar kel, Proto-Bahnaric *kal (whence Koho köl) and Proto-Katuic *kəl (whence Pacoh câl); all could be contributed to *kuəl ~ *kəl (“to cut down, fell”), which might be related to the root above. Alternatively, compare Proto-Khmuic *tŋkəl (“stump”) (whence Khmu [Cuang] tŋkɨl), Khmer គល់ (kŭəl), Mon ဓဂဵု.

(music) Indicates string instruments and some other types of musical instruments


tên

head

筅, 箭, 𥏋, 𢏡, 𥏌

vi-noun

筅, 箭, 𥏋, 𢏡, 𥏌

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箭 (“arrow”, SV: tiễn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiễn</i>


tiêu

(music) a vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Vietnamese music


tiêu

(cooking) several plants – of the genus Xanthoxylum and the family Piperaceae – which are used as spices; pepper (excluding chilli pepper)


cừu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 裘 (“fur coat”). Semantically parallel to chiên (“lamb, young sheep (archaic)”) from 氈 (“felt (textile material)”).

nhảy giạng chân qua cừu

to jump over a hurdle with legs spread wide

(athletics) hurdle (artificial barrier over which athletes jump in a race)


khô

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khô.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 枯.
Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰɔː¹.

khô bò/heo/nai/mực


trống

head

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

vi-noun

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𤿰 (CJK)
𫪹 (CJK)
𪔠 (CJK)
弄 (CJK)
𲎚 (CJK)

Borrowed from Tai. Compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng) and Lao ກອງ (kǭng).

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]


bầu

head

bầu • (蔀, ⿱艹瓿)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
蔀 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 匏 (“gourd”, SV: biều, bào).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biều, bào</i>


nhã nhạc

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˧˨ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雅樂, composed of 雅 (“elegant”) and 樂 (“music”), from Middle Chinese 雅樂 (ŋˠa^X ŋˠʌk̚).

nhã nhạc cung đình Huế

(music) the ancient court ritual music of Vietnam, of Chinese origin


cầu

trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
球 (CJK)
毬 (CJK)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 球 (“ball; sphere”).

đá cầu

(sports) Short for cầu mây (“sepak takraw ball”).


thập cẩm

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ kəm˧˩]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ kəm˧˨]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thập cẩm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 什錦, composed of 什 (“ten”) and 錦 (“brocade”) but metaphorically thập cẩm means 'numerous and varied'.


vó

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𥿠 (CJK)
布 (CJK)

Người dân huyện Tân Châu dùng lưới mắc vào hai cây lớn tạo thành vó "di động" trên những chiếc ghe, để bắt cá linh trên sông Tiền.
Residents of Tân Châu use a net hung between two large treetrunks to create a 'mobile' [square] dipping net on ghe [boats], in order to catch cá linh [Henicorhynchus spp.] on the River Tiền.


Giê-su

Partial orthographic borrowing from Italian Gesù or French Jésus. The purely phonetic transcription, Giê-xu, is used in Protestant translations.

obor

(Đức) Giê-su Ki-tô

Đây là gia phả Đức Giê-su Ki-tô, con cháu vua Đa-vít, con cháu tổ phụ Áp-ra-ham:

(Can we date this quote?), “Tin Mừng theo Thánh Mát-thêu 1 [The Gospel According to Saint Matthew 1]”, in Kinh Thánh [The Holy Bible]:

This is the genealogy of Jesus Christ, a descendant of King David and the patriarch Abraham:

Tôi đau lòng tột cùng và điên tiết khi chứng kiến cảnh vợ con mỗi lần ăn cơm phải làm dấu thánh giá cám ơn Chúa, trong khi có được những bữa ăn ngon là do vợ chồng tôi vất vã lao động mới có được; chứng kiến Chủ nhật hàng tuần vợ con phải ngoan ngoãn đi nhà thờ ca ngợi, mang ơn Chúa Giêsu, một tên tội phạm bị xử tử đóng đinh trên cây thập giá gần 2000 năm nay; chứng kiến cảnh ông bà già vợ suốt ngày lẫm bẩm đọc kinh những câu phi nghĩa: “Kính mừng Maria đầy ơn phước, đức Chúa Trời ở cùng bà, bà có phước lạ hơn mọi người nữ và Giêsu con lòng…”, “Lạy Cha chúng con ở trên trời, chúng con nguyện danh Cha cả sáng, xin Cha cho chúng con lương thực, hàng ngày…”.

2015 January 9, Trần Khai Sáng, “Tại Sao Tôi Khinh Tởm Đạo Chúa [Why I Detest Catholicism]”, in Sách hiếm [Rare Books]:

It pained and infuriated me to no end watching my wife and child cross themselves and thank God at mealtime, even though the good meals were earned by us working our asses off; watching them mindlessly go to church every Sunday, praise and be grateful to Jesus Christ, a criminal who was executed by crucifixion 2000 years ago; watching my parents-in-law mumble nonsensical prayers like “Blessed be the gracious Mary and the Heavenly Lord with her, for she gained more miraculous blessings than any woman and Jesus as her only son…,” or “Dear our Father in heaven, we pray in Your glorious name, so You grant us food every day…”

(biblical, Catholicism, Jehovah's Witnesses) Jesus


bánh sừng bò

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bánh sừng bò.wav

From bánh (“cake, pastry”) + sừng (“horn”) + bò (“bovine”).


bánh

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, tấm, ổ) bánh • (𥹘, 𩛄, 餅)

chiếc (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
ổ (classifier)
𥹘 (CJK)
𩛄 (CJK)
餅 (CJK)

→ Khmer: បាញ់ (bañ)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餅 (“flour-based food”, SV: bính). Cognate with Muong pẻng, Thai แป้ง (bpɛ̂ɛng), Lao ແປ້ງ (pǣng).
A folk etymology claims that bánh is a corruption of French pain. http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html However, this is clearly false as the word is attested in early Vietnamese texts such as Cư trần lạc đạo phú (居塵樂道賦, 13th century) and Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經, 12th century), which were published long before French contact with Vietnam.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bính</i>

vi-etym-sino

bánh phở

(cooking) certain types of noodles in their raw forms


chày

vi-noun

(classifier cây, cái, chiếc) chày • (𣖖, 𣖗, 持, 㭙)

cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𣖖 (CJK)
𣖗 (CJK)
持 (CJK)
㭙 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-eː, the infixed nominal derivative of Proto-Vietic *tʃeː (“to grind”) (whence modern xay (“to grind”)). Cognate with Muong Bi khày, Proto-Katuic *ʔndree (whence Pacoh ntray), Khasi synrei, Khmer អង្រែ (ʼɑɑʼɑngrɛɛ), Riang tᵊnrɛʔ¹, Hu ŋʁíʔ, Semai renééq.

cog

Khmer អង្រែ (ʼɑɑʼɑngrɛɛ)

bóng chày


rổ

head

rổ • (𥯇, 󰐑, 𥶇, 杜)

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) rổ • (𥯇, 󰐑, 𥶇, 杜)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𥯇 (CJK)
𥶇 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)


công phu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 功夫. Semantic loan from English kung fu, from Mandarin 功夫 (gōngfu).

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ fu˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ fʊw˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ fʊw˧˧]

Trong các giải còn lại, không có gì bất ngờ khi tuyệt tác hoạt hình 3D Wall-E của Hãng Pixar đoạt giải phim hoạt hình xuất sắc nhất khi vượt qua Bolt (Tia chớp) và Kungfu panda (Công phu gấu trúc).

2009, Hiếu Trung, “Vinh quang thuộc về Slumdog, Kate Winslet và Heath Ledger”, in Tuổi trẻ online:

The remaining big awards do not surprise, as Pixar's masterpiece of 3D animation takes the award for best animation, besting Bolt (Bolt) and Kungfu Panda (Panda Kung fu^([sic])).

(martial arts, rare, chiefly in awkward translation from English) kung fu


thái cực quyền

[tʰaːj˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ kwiən˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]


biên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 邊. Doublet of bên (“side; edge; face”) and ven (“shore; bank; side”).


nhân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân.wav


hồn

Má tôi bứt ba phải xa sông, nhưng chính bà cũng biết, những dòng nhớ vẫn tiếp tục chảy mãi trong hồn ông.

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, “Dòng nhớ”, in Cánh đồng bất tận, Tre Publishing House:

My mother pulled him away from the rivier, but she herself also knew that yearning still ran through his soul.

hồn vía/phách

(folklore, religion) hun (the soul which leaves the body after death)


tháp

Thác Tháp Lí Thiên Vương

(feudal Chinese-style architecture, especially Buddhism) a pagoda


biết

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-biết.wav

Norman and Mei (1976), Schuessler (2007), Sagart (2008): Related to Min Chinese 捌 (bā, “to know”) (proto-Min: *pat). The direction of borrowing is debated; Norman and Mei, and Schuessler favour an Austroasiatic origin for this word, and regard Min as a loan. Sagart, on the other hand, proposes that the sense “to know; to recognise” in both Min and Vietnamese is an extension of the sense “to differentiate; to separate” of 別 (OC *N-pret) (B-S), and hence treats V. biết as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 別 (SV: biệt), a semantic development shared with Min.
The word has mostly displaced the use of hay, the more commonly seen word for "to know" in older literature.
Also compare Proto-Bahnaric *băt (“to know”) (Starling).
The Protestant biblical sense is a semantic loan from French connaître.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biệt</i>

vi-etym-sino

biết thì thưa thốt không biết thì dựa cột mà nghe

(biblical, Protestantism) to know (have sexual relations with)


rộng

(clothing) loose or too big; compare chật (“tight or too small”) and vừa (“fitted”)


cháy

From Proto-Vietic *k-carʔ (“fire, conflagration”). Cognate with Muong chẳl, Bo kacarʔ, Arem calʔ.


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

đánh cầu lông/bóng chuyền/bóng chày

đánh/chơi cờ/bài

đánh bạc

(sports, board games, card games, gambling) to play a game that involves striking or slamming with one's hands or something you hold; compare đá (“to kick; to play a sport that involves kicking”)

(music) to play (a non-wind instrument); compare thổi (“to play/blow (a wind instrument)”)

đánh (bắt) cá/thuỷ sản/hải sản

(fishing) to fish with a net or a trap; compare câu (“to fish with a rod”)

(cooking) to mix some combination of food up

Cây này mà đánh sang chỗ tôi thì đẹp phải biết.

If only I could get a cut of this tree for myself, it would be simply fabulous!

(horticulture, somewhat dated) to transplant a piece of plant cutting


cầm

(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument


hấp

hấp bánh bao


giống

From Proto-Vietic *k-coːŋʔ, from a descendant of reconstructed Old Chinese 種 (OC *k.toŋʔ) when the dental stop already palatalized; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 種 (“seed; species”, SV: chủng). Doublet of chủng.
The same sound change also yields Vietnamese giấy, from Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ, from a descendant of ultimately Old Chinese 紙 (OC *k.teʔ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chủng</i>


quyền

Bài quyền này chỉ dành cho biểu diễn thôi.

This style is only for show performance.

Long Hổ Quyền! Khai quyền!

tuý quyền

(martial arts) a martial arts move, or a systematic set of such moves; a martial arts style


độ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 度. For the Buddhist sense of "to help to pass through difficulties", also compare đò (“boat”), derived from Chinese 渡 (dù, “to cross”), which is a derivate of 度 (“to pass; to go over”). The meaning "period" is an extension of "about". Doublet of đạc and đo. Compare Japanese 度 (do, “degree; diopter”).

Số gì hên thế, ai độ cho không biết nữa.

Whose blessing did this guy receive to be this lucky?

Trời độ.

(Buddhism and humorous) to help one passing through their obstacles; to save from difficulties


nấu

head

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

vi-verb

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

𤒛 (CJK)
𤍇 (CJK)
耨 (CJK)
𤋷 (CJK)
惱 (CJK)
搙 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɗoːʔ. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] dɔː³.

nấu cơm


vào

Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕào, ꞗĕaò in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). Compare the Central-Southern form vô.
The Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 包 (SV: bao), showing that diphthongization already took place in these dialects by then. The Central-Southern form vô started showing up on texts much later, spelled chiefly as 無 (SV: vô), inherited from unattested non-Northern Old Vietnamese dialects without diphthongization.
The usage of vào (especially in writing) by speakers of Central-Southern dialects can be attributed to borrowing from Northern dialects. On the other hand, the undiphthongized Southern form with palatal initial latter spread to the Northern and Central dialects as an interjection.
Most prepositions in Vietnamese were originally verbs: cho (“to give; for”), đến (“to come; to”), tới (“to arrive; to”), lên (“to go up; onto”), ở (“to stay; at, in”), theo (“to follow; according to”), về (“to return; about”).

Sút! Vào!

(intransitive, soccer) (of a ball) to enter the goal


trừ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trừ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 除 (“to eliminate; to remove; to divide”). In Vietnamese, this word means "to subtract", while chia means "to divide".

vi-etym-sino

thuốc trừ sâu


kê

Cognate with Muong Bi kêl.
Unrelated to Old Chinese 支 (OC *ke) (B-S).

(furniture) to place; to arrange; to put


mọc

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
𦙣 (CJK)

According to folk etymology: derived from the name of the Kẻ Mọc area (tên Nôm of the Nhân Mục (仁睦) villages) in current-day Hanoi, where the dish bún mọc is said to originate.

(cooking) meatballs served in some noodle dishes


giao

(sports) to pass (to move a ball to a teammate)


câm

For the sense of "orthographically silent", a semantic loan from French muet.

kịch câm


hiệp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合 (“classifier for the number of fights”).


luộc

From a Tai language; compare Proto-Tai *luəkᴰ (“to scald”) (whence Thai ลวก (lûuak)). Compare also Cantonese 淥 /渌 (luk6, “to boil; to scald”), which represents a Tai substrate.

cog

Lão chỉ mặc độc chiếc quần đùi: da mặt, da lưng đỏ như cua luộc.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 2, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

He only wore his shorts; the skin on his face and back was red as boiled crab.


trận

trận lượt đi

trận lượt về

thắng trận


phổ

phổ nhạc

to compose a score or to arrange it; to set to music

phổ lời

(music) to compose a score, arrange, or write lyrics to a song


ấp

From Proto-Vietic *ʔəp. Cognate with Khmer ឱប (ʼaop, “to hug”), Temiar oop (“to embrace, to hug”), Semai eup (“to cuddle, to embrace”). Cf. the compound ôm ấp (“to hug”).

(agriculture) to brood, to sit, to incubate


khoá

cái (classifier)
課 (CJK)
鎖 (CJK)
銙 (CJK)
錁 (CJK)

Short for chìa khoá (“key”). Also semantic loan from English key and semantic loan from French clef.


chè sâm bổ lượng

[t͡ɕɛ˨˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˩ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɛ˦˩ ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓow˧˨ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕɛ˦˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓow˧˨ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cɛ˨˩ ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[cɛ˨˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

(cooking) A cold, sweet Vietnamese soup of Cantonese origin


du lịch

[zu˧˧ lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ lɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ lɨt̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-du lịch.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遊歷 (“to travel”).

vi-etym-sino

công ty du lịch

Du lịch đóng góp một phần không nhỏ vào kinh tế thành phố.

Tourism plays an important role in the city's economy.


phấn

vi-noun

(classifier cục / viên / hòn (“chalk”)) phấn

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
hòn (classifier)

đánh phấn


cương

Audio (Hà Nội)


giáo hội

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教會, composed of 教 (“teaching; religion”) and 會 (“assembly”).

vi-etym-sino

Thay mặt lãnh đạo Bộ Công an đón nhận những lẵng hoa tươi thắm và lời chúc mừng tốt đẹp mà Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) dành cho toàn thể lực lượng CAND, Thứ trưởng Lương Tam Quang gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành và chúc sức khỏe, lời chúc năm mới an lành, hạnh phúc đến toàn thể tăng ni, phật tử, cùng các chức sắc, tín đồ Tin lành Việt Nam.

2024 January 30, Quang Khải, “Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) chúc mừng lực lượng Công an nhân dịp năm mới [Central Headquarters of Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and Northern Evangelical Church of Vietnam to Wish Public Security Happy New Year]”, in Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Công an [The Portal of the Ministry of Public Security]:

On behalf of the Ministry of Public Security to take fresh bouquets and good wishes from the Headquarters of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and the Evangelical Church of Vietnam (Northern branch) to the whole body of the People's Public Security, Deputy Minister Lương Tam Quang sent his sincere thanks, godspeed and happy new year wishes to all bhikkhus and bhikkhunis and children of the Buddha, as well as the Evangelical clergy and believers.

(Buddhism) a sangha (Buddhist congregation)


khuyên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 圈 (“circle, ring, loop, pen, sty, fold”)


tình ca

[tïŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情歌, composed of 情 (“love”) and 歌 (“song”).

Câu chuyện là một bản tình ca hùng tráng, khơi dậy tình yêu quê hương, đất nước.

The story is an epic that evokes palpable love for one's home, one's country.

(literary, music, poetry, literature) a song, poem or narrative that evokes a strong feeling of love (romantic, patriotic, nostalgic or otherwise)


ướp

head

ướp • (押, 浥)

vi-verb

ướp • (押, 浥)

Borrowed from Tai, compare Proto-Tai *ʔɯǝpᴰ (“to salt”).

(cooking) to salt meat or fish with salt or nước mắm, or to further spice them up with other spices or condiments


cúng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 供 (“to offer”, SV: cung). Doublet of cung.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cung</i>

vi-etym-sino

(religion, occult) to give offerings, to enshrine, to worship


chuông

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
鍾 (CJK)
鐘 (CJK)

→ Khmer: ជួង (cuəng)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chuông.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鐘 (SV: chung).
Attested as chuâng in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chung</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chuông gọi hồn ai

For Whom the Bell Tolls (literally, “Whose Soul Does the Bell Call On?”)

Đeo/Treo chuông cổ mèo


âm chủ

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音 (“tone”) and 主 (“primary”), calque of Chinese 主音 (chủ âm).


dàn nhạc

[zaːn˨˩ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]


yên

From English yen, from Japanese 円 (en), from Chinese 圓 /圆 (yuán, “round”). See also viên.


giáng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 降 (“to fall”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a flat

(music) Short for dấu giáng (“flat sign”).


tổng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總 (“overall; arch-”).

tổng giám mục


thiên thần

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天神 (“heavenly spirit”).


lời

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ). Attested as mlời in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

lời bài hát

lời 1


thiên sứ

[tʰiən˧˧ sɨ˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˦˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天使, composed of 天 (“heaven”) and 使 (“messenger”).

Nhưng thiên sứ của Đức Giê-hô-va thấy nàng ở trong đồng vắng gần bên suối nước, nơi mé đường đi về Su-rơ, thì hỏi rằng: Hỡi A-ga, đòi của Sa-rai, ngươi ở đâu đến, và sẽ đi đâu?

1925, “Sáng-thế ký [Genesis 16]”, in Kinh Thánh [The Holy Bible]:

But Jehovah's angel saw her in a forsaken field near a spring beside the road to Shur and asked, "Hagar, slave of Sarai, where have you come from and where are you going?"

(religion) Synonym of thiên thần (“angel”)


đẳng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 等 (“rank, grade”).

nhất đẳng/đẳng 1
1 dan; shodan

Murata/Suzuki bảy/thất đẳng
7-dan Murata/Suzuki


ngộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悟. Compare Japanese 悟り (satori, “enlightenment”) which is also written with this Chinese character.


diễn đơn

[ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]


bộ đôi

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɗoj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bộ đôi.wav


bộ ba

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓaː˧˧]


bộ tứ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ tɨ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ tɨ˦˥]


bộ năm

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ nam˧˧]


bộ sáu

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ saw˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʂaw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ saw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʂa(ː)w˦˥]


bộ bảy

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaj˧˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaj˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦]


bộ tám

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ taːm˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ taːm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ taːm˦˥]


trận đấu

[t͡ɕən˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˧˦]

[ʈəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

[ʈəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trận đấu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陣 (“bout”) and 鬥 (“to compete”).

vi:Trận đấu giao hữu
vi:Trận đấu quốc tế

Trận đấu quốc tế

Trận đấu giao hữu


nhãn nhục

[ɲaːn˦ˀ˥ ɲʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːŋ˧˨ ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːŋ˨˩˦ ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 眼肉, as in long nhãn nhục (龍眼肉).

(cooking) A type of drink or chè made with longan.


lơ

Distinction of blue and green in various languages

Borrowed from French bleu (“blue; billiard chalk”).

Audio (Hà Nội)


phim

cuốn (classifier)
bộ (classifier)
thước (classifier)

phim truyện

cinematic live action TV series or TV movie

(film, television, pornography) any type of video involving cinematic elements, such as movies, TV series, commercials, documentaries, etc., except music videos; or pornographic videos or sex tapes that may or may not involve cinematic elements


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

(music) fantasia (an unstructured orchestral composition)


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

2009: Lệ Chi, "Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng" [Liu Xiao Ling Tong], Thanh Niên https://web.archive.org/web/20140404032514/http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/news1/pages/200930/20090726145747.aspx
Khi có khá nhiều phim truyện và truyền hình được làm theo đề tài tác phẩm Tây du ký, Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng đã nhắc nhở: các nhà làm phim không nên bóp méo và phăng-tê-di quá hình ảnh nhân vật huyền thoại này.

With so many feature films and television shows about Journey to the West, Liu Xiao Ling Tong reminds us: filmmakers shouldn't overly distort and improvise the image of this legendary figure.

Mổi miền lại phăng ta di tên gọi khác chút đỉnh [...]

2010, “Lang thang gỏi Việt”, in Du lịch & Giải trí:

Each region tweaks the name just a bit …

(especially music) to improvise; to tweak


chật

(clothing) tight or too small; compare rộng (“loose or too big”) and vừa (“fitted”)


ngũ uẩn

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ʔwən˧˩]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʔwəŋ˧˨]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ (ʔ)wəŋ˨˩˦]


vô địch

[vo˧˧ ʔɗïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無敵, composed of 無 (“without”) and 敵 (“rival”).

giải vô địch

ngôi vô địch

nhà vô địch

(sports) champion; pertaining to a competition winner


vô địch

[vo˧˧ ʔɗïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨]

Chúng tôi muốn vô địch Nations League.

We want to be the champion (of) Nations League.

(sports) to be the champion; to have won the championship


thiên thần sa ngã

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]


thiên thần hộ mệnh

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩ ho˧˨ʔ məjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ how˨˩ʔ men˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ how˨˩˨ məːn˨˩˨]

From thiên thần (“angel”) + Chinese 護 /护 (hù, “to safeguard”) + Chinese 命 (mìng, “life”).


cốt-lết

[kok̚˦˧˥ let̚˦˧˥]

[kok̚˦˥ ləːt̚˦˥]


Hồi giáo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回教, composed of 回 (“Hui”) and 教 (“religion”), from Chinese 回教 (Huíjiào, literally “religion of the Hui”).

der

Cộng hoà/Tiểu vương quốc Hồi giáo Áp-ga-ni-xtan

the Islamic Republic/Emirate of Afghanistan


xô-nát

bản xô-nát Ánh Trăng


pi-a-nô

[pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ no˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]


ắc-coóc-đê-ông

[ʔak̚˧˦ kɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˧˥ kɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˥ kɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


phong cầm

[fɔŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風琴 (“organ”), perhaps shortened from Japanese 手風琴 (tefūkin, thủ phong cầm, “accordion”, literally “hand organ”).

(dated, music) Synonym of ắc-coóc-đê-ông (“accordion”)


oóc-gan

[ʔɔk̚˧˦ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˧˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mô-đen.wav


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

Mô-đen với chả mô đỏ!


đai

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 帶 (SV: đái).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đái</i>

vi-etym-sino

đai đen

đai xanh 2 đẳng

Cuối tuần này tao thi lên đai.

I'm gonna be taking a rank-up exam near the end of this week.


thể thuật

[tʰe˧˩ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體術, from Japanese 体術.


nhu đạo

[ɲu˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 柔道, composed of 柔 (“soft”) and 道 (“way”), from Japanese 柔道 (jūdō).


hiệp khí đạo

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ xi˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ xɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[hip̚˨˩˨ kʰɪj˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[hip̚˨˩˨ xɪj˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hiệp khí đạo.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合氣道, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 合気道 (aikidō)


không thủ

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰu˧˩]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 空手, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 空手


Việt Võ Đạo

[viət̚˧˨ʔ vɔ˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ vɔ˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩˨ vɔ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ jɔ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越 (“Vietnamese”) and 武道 (“martial arts”).

vi-etym-sino

(neologism, martial arts) Synonym of Vovinam


Vovinam

[vɔ˧˧ vi˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[jɔ˧˧ jɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

Anglicized clipping of Võ Việt Nam (literally “Vietnamese Martial Arts Form”).


ủ su

[ʔʊw˧˨ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˨ sʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˨˩˦ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔʊw˨˩˦ sʊw˧˧]

From Mandarin 武術／武术 (wǔshù). Doublet of võ thuật.

zh-l

武術／武术 (wǔshù)


võ sĩ

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ si˦ˀ˥]

[vɔ˧˨ ʂɪj˧˨]

[vɔ˧˨ sɪj˧˨]

[vɔ˨˩˦ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[jɔ˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 武士 (SV: vũ sĩ), from Japanese 武士, influenced by võ (“martial arts”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vũ sĩ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(sports) combat sport contender; judoka, karateka, boxer, etc.


cước

Sino-Vietnamese word from 腳 (“foot, leg”).


tiền đạo

[tiən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前 and 導 (“pioneer, guide”).


trung phong

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fɔŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fawŋ͡m˧˧]


bi-đông

[ʔɓi˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


uôn

From English won, from Korean 원 (won), from Chinese 圓 /圆 (yuán, “round”). See also viên.


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chúng ta biết rằng hơn 400 năm sau khi Bụt nhập diệt, kinh điển mới được chép thành văn.

2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 7:

We know that it was only over 400 years after the Buddha passed away that the classics were committed to writing.


bảng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bảng.wav

bảng Anh


tiền lẻ

[tiən˨˩ lɛ˧˩]

[tiəŋ˦˩ lɛ˧˨]

[tiəŋ˨˩ lɛ˨˩˦]

(numismatics) change; one of the small denominations of the Vietnamese dong, usually no more than 20000 dongs (500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000)


âm li

[ʔəm˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

From French amplifier with phono-semantic matching from âm (“sound”).


Do Thái

[zɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˧˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 猶太 (“Judea; Jewish”), from Mandarin 猶太 /犹太 (Yóutài). Compare Korean 유대 (Yudae, “Judea; Jewish”). Doublet of Giu-đê (“Judea”) and Giu-dêu (“Jewish ~ Jews (obsolete)”).

doublet

(biblical, Catholicism, loosely) Synonym of Hê-bơ-rơ (“Hebrew”)


nguyên liệu

[ŋwiən˧˧ liəw˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原料, composed of 原 (“original”) and 料 (“material”).


phật lăng

[fət̚˧˨ʔ laŋ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ laŋ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩˨ laŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弗朗, a transcription of French franc; misreading of phất lãng


soóc

Borrowed from French short, from English short.


lớp

head

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

vi-noun

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lớp.wav

Lớp 1, Cảnh 1


xào

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 炒 (“stir fry”, SV: sao).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sao</i>

vi-etym-sino

phở xào


công thức

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公式, composed of 公 (“public; common”) and 式 (“ritual; type”).

công thức nấu ăn


giắc-két

[zak̚˧˦ kɛt̚˧˦]

[jak̚˦˧˥ kɛt̚˦˧˥]

[jak̚˦˥ kɛk̚˦˥]


tạp dề

[taːp̚˧˨ʔ ze˨˩]


thánh đường

[tʰajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[tʰɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[tʰan˦˥ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖堂, composed of 聖 (“holy”) and 堂 (“hall”).

thánh đường Công giáo/Hồi giáo/Do Thái giáo

a Catholic church/Islamic mosque/Jewish synagogue

Thánh đường Cologne

house of worship
house of worship#English

(Catholicism, Islam, Judaism) a house of worship


cảnh

(cinematography, television, theater) scene (so much of a play as passes without change of locality or time)

(music) A traditional Vietnamese cymbal found in chầu văn that is placed on the floor and struck with wooden beaters.


đó

From Proto-Vietic *tɔːʔ (“trap”). Cognate with Toum tɔː³. Compare Lower Ta'oih tɔː ("to trap, to strain"), Kuy [Salavan] tɔː ("to trap birds, fish, etc.").


sát na

[saːt̚˧˦ naː˧˧]

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ naː˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ naː˧˧]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ naː˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˥ naː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 刹那, from Chinese 剎那 /刹那, from Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa)


sa di

[ʂaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[saː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[ʂaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[saː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 沙彌, from Chinese 沙彌 /沙弥 (shāmí), from Pali sāmaṇera.


áo dài

head

áo dài • (襖𨱽)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
襖𨱽 (CJK)

[ʔaːw˧˦ zaːj˨˩]

[ʔaːw˨˩˦ jaːj˦˩]

[ʔaːw˦˥ jaːj˨˩]


đi bộ

[ʔɗi˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

gà đi bộ


đích

về đích


Nam mô A Di Đà Phật

南無阿彌陀佛 (CJK)

[naːm˧˧ mo˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩ fət̚˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ mow˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩ fək̚˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ mow˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩ fək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南無阿彌陀佛, from Chinese 南無阿彌陀佛 /南无阿弥陀佛, from Sanskrit नमोऽमिताभाय (namoʼmitābhāya).
The second character 無 /无 here has the unusual reading mô instead of the typical vô. The form Nam vô A Di Đà Phật is well-attested in earlier texts.

der

Chinese 南無阿彌陀佛 /南无阿弥陀佛

Con lạy/niệm Nam mô A Di Đà Phật.
I pray, "Namo Amitābhāya."

(Buddhism) Namo Amitābhāya, a common phrase of salutation used by Buddhists


cởi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 解 (“to disengage”, SV: giải).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giải</i>

vi-etym-sino

to disengage; to untie; to unfasten; to take off; to set off

cởi quần


chưởng

phim chưởng

a wuxia show, especially one where this move is used a lot

Giáng Long Thập Bát Chưởng

(martial arts, chiefly fiction) a move performed by pushing the front of the hand, with all fingers straightened, forward


chầu văn

[t͡ɕəw˨˩ van˧˧]

[t͡ɕəw˦˩ vaŋ˧˧]

[cəw˨˩ vaŋ˧˧]

[cəw˨˩ jaŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 朝 (“to pay homage/to perform the morning ceremony”, SV: triều) and 文 ("culture"/"literature", perhaps from a historical reading as "ceremony/ritual").

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">triều</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đạo Mẫu
Đạo Mẫu

(religion) a type of musical trance ritual associated with Đạo Mẫu (mother goddess worship)


trọng tài

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ taːj˨˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ taːj˦˩]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ taːj˦˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨ taːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仲裁 (“arbitration”), Japanese 仲裁 (chūsai).


thum

Chỉ còn ăn nhau ở cái kỹ càng của nghệ thuật ngồi "thum".

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 5, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

There was only left to compete in the finer points of hide sitting.

(hunting) hide (spot where hunters hide and await for game)


Mác

(biblical, Protestantism) Alternative form of Mác-cô (“Mark”)


Giăng

(biblical, Protestantism) Alternative form of Gio-an (“John”)


trữ tình

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ tïŋ˨˩]

[ʈɨ˧˨ tɨn˦˩]

[ʈɨ˨˩˦ tɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 抒情, composed of 抒 (“to express”) and 情 (“emotion”).

Coordinate term: tự sự


mặc

head

默, 𢹇, 𬉵, 𧞾, 𬡶

vi-verb

默, 𢹇, 𬉵, 𧞾, 𬡶

From Proto-Vietic *mak, cognate with Arem mɐ̀k.

mặc áo/quần/váy/đầm

(clothing) to wear or put on (a top or bottom)


âu phục

[ʔəw˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəw˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəw˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âu phục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歐 (“Europe”) and 服 (“clothes”). Compare Chinese 西服 (xīfú, literally “western clothes”).

ncog

tiệm âu phục

(formal, clothing) a suit or a skirt suit


gảy

(music) to pluck (a musical instrument), to strum


ni cô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 尼姑, composed of 尼 (“bikkhni”) and 姑 (“paternal aunt; lady”).

vi-etym-sino

(Buddhism) Synonym of tì kheo ni (“a bhikkhuni; a nun”)


hoà thượng

[hwaː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[hwaː˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Xuân Phúc viếng Đại lão Hòa thượng Thích Phổ Tuệ
President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc Paid Tribute to Grand Elder Monk Thích Phổ Tuệ


mắt cá

[mak̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

From mắt (“eye”) + cá (“fish”). The adjective is a semantic loan from English fisheye (adjective).

semantic loan

(photography, film, of lenses or shots) fisheye


膏粱

cao lương mỹ vị

(historical) a luxurious delicacy; gourmet food

chữ Hán form of cao lương.
(agriculture) sorghum


chân như

[t͡ɕən˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]

[cəŋ˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧]


dương cầm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 洋琴, composed of 洋 (“Western”) and 琴 (“instrument”).

vi-etym-sino

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

♂: Tiếng dương cầm lãng du môi mềm xinh xắn.
♀: Là anh như mùa đông được sưởi ấm,
Là anh như tình yêu vĩnh hằng.
♂: Sẽ không bao giờ chìm khuất, giấc mơ được có em,
Thiên đường gọi tên.
♀: Giấc mơ chúng mình cùng ước nguyện,
♀♂: Hãy yêu nhau, biển trời xanh mãi !

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

♂: The sounds of the piano wander onto your soft, pretty lips.
♀: With you, it's like I'm warmed up in winter,
With you, it's like eternal love.
♂: It's never going to sink into oblivion, a dream where I have you,
The paradise is saying your name.
♀: This dream we share,
♀♂: Let's be in love so the sea and the sky remain forever blue!


dương cầm

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]


放生

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of phóng sinh (“to release captive animals into the wild”).


phái

Sino-Vietnamese word from 派. Doublet of phe.

phái Cổ Mộ

phái Nga Mi


thoáng

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]

(figurative, of a person, lifestyle, idea, etc.) open; not conservative; (derogatory, of a girl) easy


nếm

nếm canh

nếm thử miếng bánh

to taste a piece of bánh and check its flavor

(transitive, especially cooking) to taste in order to check the flavor


tội nghiệp

[toj˧˨ʔ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[toj˨˩ʔ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[toj˨˩˨ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 罪業 (“Buddhist sin”), from Chinese 罪 (zuì, “sin; crime”) + 業 /业 (yè, “karma”).


hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回 (“to return; occurrence classifier; chapter classifier”).

Hồi 1, Cảnh 1

cấu trúc 3 hồi

(narratology, especially theater) an act


nhắm

(shooting, archery) to aim, especially with one eye closed


thủ

cơ thủ

kì thủ

game thủ


nướng

From Proto-Vietic *ɗaːŋʔ (“to roast”). Maleng daːŋ³.

cá nướng

(cooking) to roast or grill (usually meat or fish) directly over fire or charcoal; compare quay (“to spit-roast”) and rang (“to roast in a pan”)

lò nướng bánh


thắt lưng

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc (“belt”)) thắt lưng

[tʰat̚˧˦ lɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ lɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰak̚˦˥ lɨŋ˧˧]

(chiefly Northern Vietnam, clothing) a belt


mõ

(Buddhism) a wooden fish; a temple block


điểm huyệt

[ʔɗiəm˧˩ hwiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiəm˧˨ hwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗim˨˩˦ wiək̚˨˩˨]

(martial arts) to hit a pressure point, usually to incapacitate someone; to perform the touch of death


khứ hồi

[kʰɨ˨˩˦ hoj˦˩]

[xɨ˨˩˦ hoj˦˩]

[kʰɨ˦˥ hoj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-khứ hồi.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 去 (“to leave”) and 回 (“to return”).

vi-etym-sino

vé/chuyến bay khứ hồi


đồng phục

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同 (“same”) and 服 (“clothes”).

Nữ sinh cấp 3 phải mặc đồng phục áo dài mỗi thứ 2. Nam sinh vẫn mặc như thường.

High schoolgirls must wear uniform ao dai every Monday. Boys keep wearing their usual uniforms.

(clothing) uniform (distinctive outfit as a means of identifying members of a group)


tiếp sức

[tiəp̚˧˦ sɨk̚˧˦]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tip̚˦˥ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

[tip̚˦˥ sɨk̚˦˥]


hạt giống

[haːt̚˧˨ʔ zəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[haːk̚˨˩ʔ jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[haːk̚˨˩˨ jəwŋ͡m˦˥]

hạt (“small particle”) + giống (“cultivar”). Also a semantic loan from English seed.


đòn

vi-noun

(classifier cây, cái (“pole, lever”)) đòn • (杶)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duən (“pole, lance”); cognate with Khmer ទួន (tuən, “fish-spear”).

đòn đá

(by extension, martial arts) a hit, a blow


quần

quần không đáy

Tháng tám có chiếu vua ra
Cấm quần không đáy người ta hãi hùng
Không đi thì chợ không đông
Đi thì phải lột quần chồng sao đang!
Có quần ra quán bán hàng
Không quần ra đứng đầu làng trông quan.
The monarch issued a decree in the eighth lunar month
We're in fear because it bans "crotchless pants"
We can't go to the market if we can't get out of our homes
Are we supposed to strip our husbands' pants, then?
Now we can only make a living if we have pants
Or else we'll have to keep looking out for the authorities.

quần đùi

quần lửng

(clothing) a two-legged/holed bottom; pants, shorts, briefs, panties, etc.


nhảy cầu

[ɲaj˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[ɲaj˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]


bóng nước

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]


cử tạ

[kɨ˧˩ taː˧˨ʔ]

[kɨ˧˨ taː˨˩ʔ]

[kɨ˨˩˦ taː˨˩˨]

cử (舉, “to lift”) + tạ (“picul; dumbbell”).


Thế vận hội

[tʰe˧˦ vən˧˨ʔ hoj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ vəŋ˨˩ʔ hoj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˦˥ vəŋ˨˩˨ hoj˨˩˨]

[tʰej˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˨ hoj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 世運會, from Chinese 世運會 /世运会 (Shìyùnhuì), short for 世界運動會 /世界运动会 (Thế giới Vận động hội, “World Games”, literally “World Athletic Gathering”).

Thế vận hội mùa đông


chõ

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
祖 (CJK)
𡓇 (CJK)
𡊲 (CJK)

Related to xỏ (“to thread”), through an affixed form.

(cooking) a steam boiler (often for sticky rice); steamer


chúng sinh

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˦˥ sɨn˧˧]

(Buddhism) "living beings", or more specifically, humans and animals


thất tình

Sino-Vietnamese word from 七情, composed of 七 (“seven”) and 情 (“emotion”).

vi-etym-sino

[tʰət̚˧˦ tïŋ˨˩]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˩]

[tʰək̚˦˥ tɨn˨˩]

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Confucianism, Buddhism, traditional Chinese medicine) the seven emotional states: joy, anger, anxiety, thought, grief, fear, fright


thăng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 升 (“to rise”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a sharp

(music) Short for dấu thăng (“sharp sign”).


phím

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 品 (“fret”, SV: phẩm). Doublet of phẩm.
For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also tim, kịp, kín, nhịn.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phẩm</i>

vi-etym-sino

(by extension, music, of a keyboard instrument) a key


luật sư

[lwət̚˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[lwək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˧˧]

[lwək̚˨˩ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 律師, composed of 律 (“law; code”) and 師 (“master”).


kình ngư

[kïŋ˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˦˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[kɨn˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

(swimming, figurative) top-notch swimmer


lực sĩ

[lɨk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[lɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[lɨk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[lɨk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[lɨk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 力士, composed of 力 (“power”) and 士 (“expert”).

(sports, dated, chiefly Overseas Vietnamese) an athlete


vụt

head

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

vụt • (挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗) (reduplication vùn vụt)

vi-verb

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

挬 (CJK)
桲 (CJK)
樾 (CJK)
𨁝 (CJK)
𨅗 (CJK)
vùn vụt (reduplication)

Compare vọt as well as the pair phụt, phọt.


tăng viện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 僧院, composed of 僧 (“monk”) and 院 (“institute”).

vi-etym-sino

[taŋ˧˧ viən˧˨ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[taŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]


tiểu phẩm

[tiw˨˩˦ fəm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小品, composed of 小 (“small”) and 品 (“item”).

tiểu phẩm hài


phóng sinh

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 放生, composed of 放 (“to release”) and 生 (“life”).

(chiefly Buddhism) to "release" captive animals into the wild


phá giới

[faː˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[faː˨˩˦ jəːj˨˩˦]

[faː˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 破戒, composed of 破 (“to break”) and 戒 (“precept”)

(Buddhism, of a monk or nun) to break fundamental Buddhist precepts, typically veganism, or abstinence from alcohol or sex


giao hữu

[jaːw˧˧ hɨw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 交友 (“to make friends”).


giao hữu

[jaːw˧˧ hɨw˨˩˦]


đầu thai

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰaːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ tʰaːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰaːj˧˧]


tử vì đạo

[tɨ˧˩ vi˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˨ vɪj˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˦ vɪj˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[tɨ˨˩˦ jɪj˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]


kiến tạo

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[kiəŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]


cự li

[kɨ˧˨ʔ li˧˧]

[kɨ˨˩ʔ lɪj˧˧]

[kɨ˨˩˨ lɪj˧˧]

cự li ngắn

(chiefly sports or military) a distance or range


tỉ số

[tɪj˧˨ ʂow˨˩˦]

[tɪj˨˩˦ ʂow˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 比數, composed of 比 (“to compare”) and 數 (“number”).

(sports) the score between two opponents or opposing teams


đấu trường

[ʔɗəw˧˦ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəw˦˥ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鬥 (“to contend”) and 場 (“field”).

(sports) an arena; stadium; competition area


cá độ

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


khung thành

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩]

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩]


thủ thành

[tʰu˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]

Blend of thủ (“to keep”) + khung thành (“goalpost”).

blend

(sports) to keep goal; to act as the goalkeeper


thủ thành

[tʰu˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]


huấn luyện

[hwəŋ˦˧˥ lwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[wəŋ˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

(government, sports, military) to train; to coach; to drill


tối cao

Sino-Vietnamese word from 最高 (“highest”).

vi-etym-sino

quyền lực tối cao

Tòa án Nhân dân Tối cao

đấng tối cao

(usually government or religion) supreme


khai vị

[kʰaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[xaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩˨]

[xaːj˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]

món khai vị

(of alcohol, food) to be consumed at the start of a meal to stimulate the appetite


huấn luyện viên

[hwəŋ˦˧˥ lwiəŋ˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[wəŋ˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[wəŋ˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 訓練員, composed of 訓練 (“to coach”) and 員 (“-er”).


cổ động viên

[ko˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ viən˧˧]

[kow˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鼓動 and 員, equivalent to cổ động (“to cheer”) + -viên (“-er”).

(usually sports) a fan who cheers their favorite participant, be it a contestant or a team


bán độ

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


sênh tiền

[səjŋ̟˧˧ tiən˨˩]

[ʂen˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[ʂəːn˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

[səːn˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

sênh (“castanets”) + tiền (“money”), as in đồng tiền (“coins (as stringed on the sênh tiền)”).

(music) a percussion instrument used in traditional Vietnamese music, which is a combination of clapper, rasp, and jingle, made from three pieces of wood and old Chinese coins


因果報應

nhân quả báo ứng
nhân quả báo ứng#Vietnamese:_因果報應

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of nhân quả báo ứng (“karma”).


cõi

bờ cõi

cõi âm/dương
the realm of the dead/living
(literally, “the yin/yang realm”)

cõi vĩnh hằng

Cõi người ta

(literary, usually occult, religion or figurative) a domain, realm or land


đăng

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
簦 (CJK)


thần thánh

[tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神聖, composed of 神 (“god; divine”) and 聖 (“sage; saint; holy; sacred”).

Thần thánh phương nào?


hoà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和. Doublet of hùa. Compare Thai ฮั้ว (húua).

(games, sports) tied; deadlocked; stalemated; at a draw


A-la

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

thánh A-la

đức A-la


đánh đầu

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]


cung đạo

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弓道, composed of 弓 (“bow”) and 道 (“discipline”), from Japanese 弓道 (kyūdō).


thủ môn

[tʰʊw˧˨ moŋ˧˧]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ moŋ˧˧]


hoá sinh

[hwaː˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[hwaː˨˩˦ ʂɨn˧˧]

[hwaː˨˩˦ sɨn˧˧]

[waː˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[waː˦˥ sɨn˧˧]

(Buddhism) birth by transformation; metamorphic birth


biến tấu

[ʔɓiən˧˦ təw˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ təw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ təw˦˥]


đũng

head

đũng • (慟, 董, 襠, 𧜻)

cái (classifier)
慟 (CJK)
董 (CJK)
襠 (CJK)
𧜻 (CJK)

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

mài đũng/đít quần

to sit [at somewhere/on something] for so long


găm

thịt dê găm tỏi

(cooking) to rub (to spread a substance thinly over)


sư phụ

[sɨ˧˧ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師父, composed of 師 (“master”) and 父 (“father”)

vi-etym-sino

Aaaa! Sư phụ tha tội! Con biết lỗi rồi!

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male teacher


sư mẫu

[sɨ˧˧ məw˦ˀ˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師母, composed of 師 (“master”) and 母 (“mother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female teacher


sư bá

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師伯, composed of 師 (“master”) and 伯 (“elder uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's male senpai


sư thúc

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師叔, composed of 師 (“master”) and 叔 (“younger uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's kōhai (both male and female)


sư huynh

[sɨ˧˧ hwïŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師兄, composed of 師 (“master”) and 兄 (“elder brother”)

đại sư huynh

nhị sư huynh

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male senpai


sư đệ

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師弟, composed of 師 (“master”) and 弟 (“younger brother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male kōhai


sư tỉ

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師 (“master”) and 姉 (“elder sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female senpai


sư muội

[sɨ˧˧ muəj˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師妹, composed of 師 (“master”) and 妹 (“younger sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female kōhai


đệ tử

[ʔɗe˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗej˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗej˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弟子, composed of 弟 (“younger brother”) and 子 (“child; diminutive suffix”).

Analects VI.3; 1972, Vietnamese translation and annotations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Duke Ai [of Lu] asked: "Among your disciples, who likes to learn?" Confucius answered: "There was Yan Hui who liked to learn; he never shifted his anger [to someone else]; he never repeated any mistake. Unfortunately he died early; now I have none else. I have not heard of anyone else who likes to learn (as Yan Hui did)."

Ai Công hỏi: “Trong số đệ tử của thầy, ai là người ham học?” Khổng tử đáp: “Có Nhan Hồi ham học, anh ấy không giận lây, không mắc tới hai lần một lỗi; chẳng may anh ấy chết sớm; nay không còn ai nữa, tôi chưa được nghe nói có ai là người ham học”.

(archaic or Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's disciple


bần tăng

[ʔɓən˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˦˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, Buddhism, humble) "this poor monk;" I; me


tăng ni

[taŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[taŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 僧尼, composed of 僧 (“monk”) and 尼 (“nun”)

Meronyms: ni cô (“nun”), tì kheo (“monk”), tì kheo ni (“nun”)

Coordinate term: Phật tử (“layperson”)


sênh

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 笙 (SV: sinh, sanh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sinh, sanh</i>


ngư nghiệp

[ŋɨ˧˧ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨ˧˧ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨ˧˧ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漁業, composed of 漁 (“to fish”) and 業 (“industry”).

(fishing) fishing (business of catching fish)


viên tịch

[viən˧˧ tïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩˨]

Ajahn Chah viên tịch vào ngày 16 tháng Giêng, 1992.

Ajahn Chah passed away on January 16, 1992.

(Buddhism, of a monk or nun) to pass away


trang điểm

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗim˨˩˦]


mĩ phẩm

[mi˦ˀ˥ fəm˧˩]

[mɪj˧˨ fəm˧˨]

[mɪj˨˩˦ fəm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美 (“beauty”) and 品 (“product”).

(cosmetics, collective) cosmetics; cosmetic products; beauty products


kinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 經 (“scripture; meridian”).

cầu kinh


giáo sĩ

[jaːw˨˩˦ ʂɪj˧˨]

[jaːw˨˩˦ sɪj˧˨]

[jaːw˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[jaːw˦˥ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教士 (“preacher”).

(history, religion, chiefly Christianity) a missionary


Sáng thế kí

[saːŋ˧˦ tʰe˧˦ ki˧˦]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ tʰej˨˩˦ kɪj˨˩˦]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ tʰej˨˩˦ kɪj˨˩˦]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ tʰej˦˥ kɪj˦˥]

[saːŋ˦˥ tʰej˦˥ kɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 創世記, composed of 創世 (“world creation”) and 記 (“chronicle”), from a Mandarin translation of the Bible.


nhu thuật

[ɲu˧˧ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲʊw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 柔術, composed of 柔 (“soft”) and 術 (“art”), from Japanese 柔術 (jūjutsu).


lưỡi gà

[lɨəj˦ˀ˥ ɣaː˨˩]

[lɨj˧˨ ɣaː˦˩]

[lɨj˨˩˦ ɣaː˨˩]

lưỡi (“tongue”) + gà (“chicken”). Compare Thai ลิ้นไก่ (lín-gài, “uvula”), which is also literally "chicken's tongue".


ca từ

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌詞, composed of 歌 (“song”) and 詞 (“word”).


têooc

[te˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]

[tej˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]

[tej˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]


ứng tác

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ taːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ taːk̚˦˥]


quần yếm

[kwən˨˩ ʔiəm˧˦]

[kwəŋ˦˩ ʔiəm˦˧˥]

[wəŋ˨˩ ʔiəm˦˥]


nhạc vàng

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ vaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ vaːŋ˦˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ vaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ jaːŋ˨˩]

(music) “golden music” (a form of popular Vietnamese music from the 1950s to the 1970s)


vạt

Attested as ꞗạt in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

váy xẻ vạt

Còn thước tấc, quên! Em chửa bảo: / Kích từng bao rộng, vạt bao dài?

1935, Đông Hồ, “Mua áo”, in Cô gái xuân, Vị Giang văn khố:

And the size! I forgot to say / How wide it should be and how long the flaps.

Cô mặc một chiếc áo tấc vạt dài, không để lộ tay chân.

2022, Thảo Trang, Tết ở làng Địa Ngục, NXB Thanh Niên, page 135:

She wore an áo tấc with long flaps covering her limbs.


việt vị

[viət̚˧˨ʔ vi˧˨ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[viək̚˨˩˨ vɪj˨˩˨]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ jɪj˨˩˨]


giác ngộ

[zaːk̚˧˦ ŋo˧˨ʔ]

[jaːk̚˦˧˥ ŋow˨˩ʔ]

[jaːk̚˦˥ ŋow˨˩˨]

giác ngộ nhận thức cách mạng

Đầu óc tôi vẫn còn đang trong thời gian hồi phục kể từ khi tôi giác ngộ những ý tưởng lớn đó.

My brain has been in recovery mode ever since I got a firm grasp on those big-brain ideas.

(especially Buddhism or communism) to achieve enlightenment on or to have a good grasp on


nhịp độ

[ɲip̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


sư

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師. Perhaps also shortened from Chinese 法師 /法师 (pháp sư, “Buddhist monk”). Doublet of thầy.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">pháp sư</i>


hành hương

[hajŋ̟˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɛɲ˦˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[han˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

cuộc hành hương

đi hành hương

người hành hương


định hình

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ hɨn˨˩]


tà đạo

[taː˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[taː˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[taː˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 邪道; đạo (道) here used with the local meaning "religion", not just "path".

Hội Thánh đức Chúa Trời là tà đạo giống gió gì vậy?

World Mission Society Church of God? What's that, some kind of cult?


võ lâm

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ ləm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˨ ləm˧˧]

[vɔ˨˩˦ ləm˧˧]

[jɔ˨˩˦ ləm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-võ lâm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武林, composed of 武 (“martial arts”) and 林 (“forest”), Chinese 武林 (wǔlín).

vi-etym-sino

minh chủ võ lâm

(wuxia fiction, martial arts) all martial arts circles and sects in China


thuyết giáo

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ jaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ jaːw˦˥]


pháp sư

[faːp̚˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ sɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 法師, composed of 法 (“Buddhist law; dharma”) and 師 (“master”), from Literary Chinese 法師 (fǎshī), influenced by pháp thuật (“magic”).

(Buddhism) a type of variously defined priest


lạt-ma

[laːt̚˧˨ʔ maː˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ maː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 喇嘛, ultimately from Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma).


tân thời

[tən˧˧ tʰəːj˨˩]

[təŋ˧˧ tʰəːj˦˩]

[təŋ˧˧ tʰəːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 新時, composed of 新 (“new”) and 時 (“age”)

y phục phụ nữ tân thời

Sang 1933, Phan Khôi xác định cụ thể hơn những phẩm chất của “gái tân thời”: Gái tân thời “ngoài sự ăn mặc mới, trang sức mới, “phải có học thức mới, tư tưởng mới, giỏi ra nữa phải có cách sinh hoạt mới”, và những cái mới đó, “phải từ trong đầu mới ra”.
Theo ông “tân thời” dịch từ “moderne” trong tiếng Pháp, nghĩa nó là “điều gì hợp với cái thời mình đương ở”.

2018 September 12, Mai Anh Tuấn, “Bài 1: Trăm năm nhìn lại “gái tân thời” [Lesson 1: 100 Years Since the Age of the "New-age Woman"]”, in Công an nhân dân [The People's Public Security]:

Later in 1933, Phan Khôi identified the traits of "modern women": "apart from a new way of dressing and accessorizing, they ought to possess new knowledge and a new mode of thought, and even better, a new mode of living", and all these new things "must be integrated into their minds."
He claimed "modern" was a translation from the French word moderne, which means "that which is appropriate for the current time."

(historical, fashion, especially in colonial Vietnam) trendy, especially if inspired by western design ideas such as frills, pleats, form-fittingness, pearl necklaces, etc.


đĩa đơn

[ʔɗiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

đĩa (“disc”) + đơn (“single, alone”), calque of English single.

(music) single (popular song released on its own)


trê-mô-lô

[t͡ɕe˧˧ mo˧˧ lo˧˧]

Borrowed from Italian tremolo, first-person present indicative of tremolare (“to shake, to tremble”).

(music) tremolo (rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation between two or more notes), especially alternate picking


lừa bóng

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦]

[lɨə˦˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[lɨə˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥]

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥]


luân hồi

[l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧ hoj˨˩]


bảy bảy bốn chín ngày

[ʔɓaj˧˩ ʔɓaj˧˩ ʔɓon˧˦ t͡ɕin˧˦ ŋaj˨˩]

[ʔɓaj˧˨ ʔɓaj˧˨ ʔɓoŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕin˦˧˥ ŋaj˦˩]

[ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ ʔɓoŋ˦˥ cɨn˦˥ ŋa(ː)j˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bảy bảy bốn chín ngày.wav

From Chinese 七七日 (thất thất nhật, “seven days times seven”) and 四十九日 (tứ thập cửu nhật, “forty-nine days”). "Seven" is as in "7 po" (see also ba hồn bảy vía) and "7 days of the week". Each of the three "hun" leaves the body after each of the next 3 years, while each of the seven "po" leaves after every 7 days, which results in a larger memorial offering after 49 days and the ultimate end of mourning after 3 years.

der

(religion, Buddhism) 49 days after someone's death, during which their souls are still wandering or need releasing, and regular food offerings are required


đội hình

[ʔɗoj˧˨ʔ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩ʔ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˨ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 隊形 (“battle formation”)


đổ bê tông

[ʔɗo˧˩ ʔɓe˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗow˧˨ ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗow˨˩˦ ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]


thiên địch

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔɗïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天敵, composed of 天 (“heaven-given; heaven-dictated; natural; innate”) and 敵 (“enemy”).

(usually agriculture) natural enemies (usually animal species) of a pest or weed


bộ gõ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ɣɔ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ɣɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ɣɔ˨˩˦]

Nhạc cụ khá đa dạng, gồm bộ dây, bộ hơi và bộ gõ.

(Can we date this quote?), Trần Mạnh Thưởng, Nguyễn Minh Tiến, editors, Việt Nam: văn hóa và du lịch [Vietnam: culture and travel], Thông Tấn Publishing House, page 81:

The instrument is quite versatile, consisting of a string instrument, wind instrument, and percussion instrument.

percussion instrument
percussion instrument


tuý quyền

[twɪj˨˩˦ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]

(martial arts) drunken boxing; drunken fist


quyền pháp

[kwiəŋ˦˩ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[wiəŋ˨˩ faːp̚˦˥]


xuất gia

[swət̚˧˦ zaː˧˧]

[swək̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ jaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出家, composed of 出 (“to come out”) and 家 (“home”).


vô ngã

[vo˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[vow˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[vow˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

[jow˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]


hoả xa

[waː˨˩˦ saː˧˧]

Ác tâm chia rẽ người ta, / Phải chịu hình phạt hỏa xa nát nghiền.

2021, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hoan, “Hoạt cảnh, điển tích Phật giáo qua di sản văn hóa Phật giáo tại bảo tàng lịch sử quốc gia”, in Văn hóa Phật giáo, volume 360, page 64:

The wicked and divisive, / Must undergo the crushing fiery chariot punishment.

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell


bát cực quyền

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 八極拳, composed of 八 (“eight”), 極 (“extremity”) and 拳 (“fist”).


không thủ đạo

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰu˧˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

(somewhat uncommon, martial arts) karate


thuỷ sản

[tʰwɪj˧˨ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ saːŋ˧˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ saːŋ˨˩˦]

(fishing, collective) fishing or aquacultural products


thần chú

[tʰən˨˩ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ cʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神 (“divine”) and 咒 (“chant”).

thần chú Đức Phật Thích Ca Mâu Ni/Bồ Tát Quán Thế Âm
the mantra that invokes the Buddha Shakyamuni/the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

(Buddhism) a mantra, often Vietnamese, but possibly also Sino-Vietnamese or even Sanskrit


trận cầu

[t͡ɕən˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩]

[ʈəŋ˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩]

[ʈəŋ˨˩˨ kəw˨˩]

trận (“Sino-Vietnamese word from 陣, battle or match”) + cầu (“from túc cầu, Sino-Vietnamese word from 足球, football”).

compound

Sino-Vietnamese word from <i class="Hani mention" lang="vi">陣</i>, battle or match

from túc cầu, Sino-Vietnamese word from <i class="Hani mention" lang="vi">足球</i>, football


mộc cầm

[məwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kəm˨˩]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kəm˦˩]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩]


pháp luân

[faːp̚˦˧˥ lwəŋ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]


người hâm mộ

[ŋɨəj˨˩ həm˧˧ mo˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨj˦˩ həm˧˧ mow˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨj˨˩ həm˧˧ mow˨˩˨]


niệm Phật

[niəm˧˨ʔ fət̚˧˨ʔ]

[niəm˨˩ʔ fək̚˨˩ʔ]

[nim˨˩˨ fək̚˨˩˨]

Nam mô A Di Đà Phật
Nam mô A Di Đà Phật#Vietnamese

(Buddhism) to recite Nam mô A Di Đà Phật.


phiền não

[fiəŋ˦˩ naːw˧˨]

[fiəŋ˨˩ naːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 煩惱 (“klesha”).


xuống tóc

[suəŋ˦˧˥ tawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(Buddhism) to shave one's head in preparation for becoming a monk or nun


thiên thượng

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]


thánh lễ

[tʰajŋ̟˧˦ le˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˦˧˥ lej˧˨]


thánh tích

[tʰajŋ̟˧˦ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˦˧˥ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[tʰan˦˥ tɨt̚˦˥]


Tây Vương Mẫu

[təj˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧ məw˦ˀ˥]

[təj˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[təj˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

[təj˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Queen Mother of the West (goddess)


bố cục

[ʔɓo˧˦ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓow˦˥ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(art, drawing, painting, photography, film, television) composition


nhân quả báo ứng

[ɲən˧˧ kwaː˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˦ ʔɨŋ˧˦]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ kwaː˧˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ waː˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˦˥ ʔɨŋ˦˥]


báo ứng

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ ʔɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ ʔɨŋ˦˥]


nhân quả

[ɲən˧˧ kwaː˧˩]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ kwaː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ waː˨˩˦]

cause and effect
cause and effect#English

(Buddhism) the principle of karmic cause and effect regarding human conduct: a specific act or deed (nhân) shall return a justly positive or negative repercussion (quả)

nguyên nhân và kết quả

non-Buddhist cause and effect; Marxian cause and effect


vô thường

[vo˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[vow˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[vow˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[jow˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]


hậu vệ

[həw˧˨ʔ ve˧˨ʔ]

[həw˨˩ʔ vej˨˩ʔ]

[həw˨˩˨ vej˨˩˨]

[həw˨˩˨ jej˨˩˨]

hậu vệ cánh


đạo cụ

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ ku˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ kʊw˨˩˨]

(theater, film) prop, theatrical property


chạy nước rút

[t͡ɕaj˧˨ʔ nɨək̚˧˦ zut̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕaj˨˩ʔ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʐʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ca(ː)j˨˩˨ nɨək̚˦˥ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


chạy nước rút

[t͡ɕaj˧˨ʔ nɨək̚˧˦ zut̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕaj˨˩ʔ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʐʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ca(ː)j˨˩˨ nɨək̚˦˥ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


hoá trang

[hwaː˧˦ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[hwaː˨˩˦ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[waː˦˥ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese from Chinese 化妝 /化妆 (huàzhuāng), 化裝 /化装 (huàzhuāng, “to put on makeup; to disguise”). Compare Japanese 化粧 (keshō, kesō, hoá trang, “makeup”), Japanese 仮粧 (keshō, kesō, giả trang), Korean 화장 (hwajang, “makeup”).

cog

Halloween không phải là lễ hội Việt Nam, ấy vậy mà người Việt Nam cũng bày đặt hoá trang các kiểu.

Halloween isn't something Vietnamese people authentically observe, but that doesn't stop them from indulging in dress-up.

vũ hội hoá trang

Nữa[sic] đêm, một người trong bọn đang phiên gác bỗng lên cơn sốt rồi sau đó lạnh run, chịu không nổi, anh ta đến rương đồ lấy đại một bộ choàng lên người cho đỡ lạnh, lại đúng nhầm bộ đồ hoá trang làm quỷ La Sát.

2019 March 4, Thị Nguyên Nguyễn Ðình Khôi, “48. Chạy trốn [48. Run]”, in 52 CÂU CHUYỆN DƯỚI CỜ [52 STORIES UNDER THE BANNER]:

At midnight, when one of the troupe was on watch, he got a sudden fever and an unbearable chill, so he went to the costume chest and took out a random piece to wear for warmth, but it turned out to be a Rakshasa costume.

“Lẽ ra anh ta phải giết 500 người” một người phụ nữ Do Thái bận váy dài và quân[sic] khăn đầu lẩm bẩm. Bà đang đi với hai đứa con của bà bận đồ hóa trang cho ngày lễ Purim. Một đứa hóa trang thành cướp biển, mặt vẽ những sọc màu. Không gì có thể làm ngưng lễ hội của họ, dù là một cuộc thảm sát trước cửa nhà họ.

(Can we date this quote?), Anton La Guardia, “7. Nỗi đau của hòa bình [7. The Pain of Peace]”, in Lưu Văn Hy, transl., CUỘC CHIẾN KHÔNG KẾT THÚC Người Israel & Palestine Trong Cuộc Chiến Giành Vùng Đất Hứa [THE NEVER-ENDING WAR: Israelis and Palestinians in the War for the Promised Land], Nhà xuất bản Văn hóa Thông tin, translation of WAR WITHOUT END: Israelis, Palestinians, and the Struggle for a Promised Land:

“He should’ve killed 500 of them,” a Jewish woman in a long dress and headscarf mumbled. She was walking with two of her children who dressed up for Purim. One cosplayed a pirate with colored stripes on the face. Nothing could stop their festival, not even a massacre at their doorsteps.

(clothing) to dress up (to put on a costume portraying oneself as a particular character or figure)


hình nhi thượng học

[hïŋ˨˩ ɲi˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ ɲɪj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ ɲɪj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(uncommon, chiefly religion) metaphysics


nguyên thuỷ

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Nguyên Thuỷ Thiên Tôn


nhạc trưởng

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂長, composed of 樂 and 長.


quần tây

[kwəŋ˦˩ təj˧˧]

[wəŋ˨˩ təj˧˧]

Quần tây với áo trắng bước ra đường
Thì cũng có lắm người đấy thôi.
Thế mà thế mà rồi cũng cứ quen dần, quen dần.

(Can we date this quote?), “Quần tây áo sơ mi [Slacks and Dress Shirt]”:

Slacks and white shirt on the street
Lots of people are going with that look.
You'll get used to it eventually.


nơ bướm

[nəː˧˧ ʔɓɨəm˧˦]

[nəː˧˧ ʔɓɨəm˦˧˥]

[nəː˧˧ ʔɓɨəm˦˥]

nơ (“bow”) + bướm (“butterfly”), calque of French nœud papillon (literally “butterfly knot”).


tín đồ

[tin˧˦ ʔɗo˨˩]

[tin˦˧˥ ʔɗow˦˩]

[tɨn˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 信徒, composed of 信 (“to believe”) and 徒 (“disciple”).


khinh công

[xïŋ˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kʰɨn˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xɨn˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kʰɨn˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xɨn˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 輕功, Chinese 輕功 /轻功 (qīnggōng).

(martial arts, chiefly wuxia fiction) qinggong, especially the "air-running" type of qinggong


đường lang quyền

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ laːŋ˧˧ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ laːŋ˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ laːŋ˧˧ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 螳螂 (“mantis”) and 拳 (“style”).


long quyền

[lɔŋ˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 龍 (“dragon”) and 拳 (“style”).


hổ quyền

[how˨˩˦ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 虎 (“tiger”) and 拳 (“style”).


hạc quyền

[haːk̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[haːk̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鶴 (“crane”) and 拳 (“style”).


báo quyền

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 豹 (“leopard”) and 拳 (“style”).


xà quyền

[saː˦˩ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[saː˨˩ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蛇 (“snake”) and 拳 (“style”).


khởi động

[xəːj˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəːj˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[xəːj˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəːj˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[xəːj˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


bàn thắng

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ tʰaŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ tʰaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ tʰaŋ˦˥]

(sports, chiefly soccer) points won; goals gained; an additional score


minh chủ

[mïŋ˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[mɨn˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[mɨn˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盟主, composed of 盟 (“alliance”) and 主 (“lord”), Chinese 盟主 (méngzhǔ).

minh chủ võ lâm

(wuxia fiction, martial arts) the ultimate leader of all martial arts circles


tà phái

[taː˦˩ faːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tà phái.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 邪 (“evil”) and 派 (“sect”).

(wuxia fiction, martial arts) an evil or shady sect


chính phái

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ faːj˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ faːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chính phái.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正派, composed of 正 (“just”) and 派 (“sect”).

(wuxia fiction, martial arts) a good or just sect


âm giai

[ʔəm˧˧ zaːj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jaːj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jaːj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音階, composed of 音 (“sound”) and 階 (“step; stair”).


âm hưởng

[ʔəm˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ hɨəŋ˨˩˦]


biên chung

[ʔɓiən˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

(music) bianzhong (a set of bronze bells used in the music of ancient China)


bỏ nhỏ

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ ɲɔ˧˩]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ ɲɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ ɲɔ˨˩˦]


bồ đề

[ʔɓo˨˩ ʔɗe˨˩]

[ʔɓow˦˩ ʔɗej˦˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ ʔɗej˨˩]


mã đầu cầm

[maː˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəw˨˩ kəm˨˩]

[maː˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ kəm˦˩]

[maː˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ kəm˨˩]


biên khánh

[ʔɓiən˧˧ xajŋ̟˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ kʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ xɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ kʰan˦˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ xan˦˥]


cao cường

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]

(chiefly martial arts and fiction) advanced; expert; masterful


cấm địa

[kəm˧˦ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[kəm˦˧˥ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[kəm˦˥ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]


cầu siêu

[kəw˦˩ ʂiw˧˧]

[kəw˨˩ ʂiw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 求超. Probably a blend of cầu (“to wish for, to pray for”) + siêu thoát (“to pass on”).

blend

(occult and Buddhism) to pray as a group to support deceased souls


chạy sô

[t͡ɕaj˧˨ʔ so˧˧]

[t͡ɕaj˨˩ʔ ʂow˧˧]

(chiefly film, television, theater) to participate in many shows at the same time


chân vịt

[t͡ɕən˧˧ vit̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ vit̚˨˩ʔ]

[cəŋ˧˧ vɨt̚˨˩˨]

[cəŋ˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

(by extension, diving, swimming) flipper; swim fin


Giê-ru-sa-lem

Giê-ru-sa-lem , luôn luôn ở trong trái tim của người Do Thái. Được đóng dấu vào DNA của dân tộc Do Thái. Thành phố này có gì đặc biệt? Dưới đây là những lời dạy của người Do Thái về sự độc đáo của địa điểm linh thiêng này.

2023 February 1, “NĂM ĐIỀU ĐẶC BIỆT CHỈ CÓ TẠI GIÊ-RU-SA-LEM – THÀNH PHỐ CÓ CÁNH CỬA ĐI ĐẾN THIÊN ĐÀNG. [FIVE THINGS THAT ONLY EXIST IN JERUSALEM, THE CITY THAT HOUSES THE GATE TO HEAVEN]”, in Mục vụ Do Thái [Jewish Ministry]:

Jerusalem is always in the hearts of Jews. It was carved into the very DNA of the Jewish nation. What's so special about this city? Here are the teachings of the Jews about the uniqueness of this holy locale.

(biblical, Catholicism, Protestantism, Jehovah's Witnesses) Alternative spelling of Giê-ru-xa-lem (“Jerusalem”)


trống chầu

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ t͡ɕəw˨˩]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ t͡ɕəw˦˩]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ cəw˨˩]

trống (“drum”) + chầu (“session/ritual”).

com

(music) a type of drum that is double-sided and cylindrical


thoái

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˦˥]


chỉ quán

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[cɪj˨˩˦ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 止觀 (“Samatha and vipassana”).

vi-etym-sino

(Buddhism) tranquility and insight (Samatha and vipassana)


bạch chỉ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白紙 (“blank paper”)

vi:Bạch chỉ (Phật giáo)
vi:Bạch chỉ (thuốc Bắc)

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ cɪj˨˩˦]


gây giống

[ɣəj˧˧ zəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ɣəj˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ɣəj˧˧ jəwŋ͡m˦˥]

(agriculture) to breed; to propagate; to cultivate


sinh linh

[sïŋ˧˧ lïŋ˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ lɨn˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ lɨn˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ lɨn˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ lɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生靈, composed of 生 (“living”) and 靈 (“soul”).

những sinh linh bé bỏng

(literary or religion) a mortal soul (person, especially as one among many), especially one that's under the protection of a higher being


áo Nhật Bình

→ Chinese: 日平衣 (calque)

[ʔaːw˧˦ ɲət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[ʔaːw˨˩˦ ɲək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[ʔaːw˦˥ ɲək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

áo (“garment”) + Chinese 日 (“sun; day”) + 平 (“flat; even”), in reference to the rectangular collar. Compare hình chữ nhật (“rectangle”, literally “a shape that looks like the character 日”).

(clothing) a kind of dress traditional to Vietnam and previously worn by royalty


bánh canh cua

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˧ kuə˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ kɛɲ˧˧ kuə˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ kan˧˧ kuə˧˧]

bánh canh (“thick noodle soup”) + cua (“crab”).

com

(cooking) a kind of soup with crabmeat and thick noodles (typically in pork broth)


bánh sừng trâu

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩ ʈəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bánh sừng trâu.wav

bánh (“pastry”) + sừng (“horn”) + trâu (“buffalo”).

(cooking) a food made of sticky rice wrapped in leaves in the shape of a long triangle


bánh tráng nướng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˦ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʈaːŋ˦˧˥ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʈaːŋ˦˥ nɨəŋ˦˥]

bánh tráng (“rice paper”) + nướng (“to grill”).

(cooking) a rice paper pizza (but with the sauce typically drizzled on top)

(cooking) a thick rice cracker (often with peanuts, sesame seeds, tapioca, and mung bean powder mixed in)


bánh đa nướng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˦˥]

bánh đa (“rice cracker”) + nướng (“to grill”).


bất hại

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ haːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不害 (“ahimsa”).

(religion, Buddhism) ahimsa (nonviolence toward all living things)


bò né

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ nɛ˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ nɛ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ nɛ˦˥]

bò (“bovine; beef”) + né (“to avoid”). Folk etymology claims one wants "to avoid" the hot oil that can shoot up.

(cooking) a food dish consisting of an egg, beef, and pâté (topped with onion and cilantro) and served on a skillet


bún ốc

[ʔɓun˧˦ ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓun˦˧˥ ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥]

bún (“rice vermicelli”) + ốc (“mollusc; snail”).

(cooking) snail rice vermicelli soup (often with added tofu, mint, and vegetables)


Thích

Sino-Vietnamese word from 釋 (“Shakyamuni; Shakra”), Literary Chinese 釋, either the first character of 釋迦 (Thích Ca, “Shakyamuni”) or a transcription from Sanskrit शक्र (śakra, “Shakra”).

vi-etym-sino

(Buddhism) a surname from Chinese, customarily adopted by Buddhist monks and nuns upon their ordination


nhân duyên

[ɲən˧˧ zwiən˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ jwiəŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ j⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧]

(Buddhism) hetu and prataya; principal and secondary causes


hoá thân

Sino-Vietnamese word from 化身, composed of 化 (“to transform”) and 身 (“body”), Middle Chinese 化身 (hˠuaᴴ ɕiɪn).

vi:Hóa thân (Phật giáo)
vi:Hóa thân (truyện)

(Buddhism) the Nirmāṇakāya (Buddha's physical incarnation)


cuốc chĩa

[kuək̚˧˦ t͡ɕiə˦ˀ˥]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕiə˧˨]

[kuək̚˦˥ ciə˨˩˦]

(horticulture) a double hoe (combined hoe and pitchfork)


cá thính

[kaː˧˦ tʰïŋ˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ tʰɨn˦˥]


chiến tướng

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ciəŋ˦˥ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 戰 (“war”) and 將 (“general; to command”).

(sports, figurative) a team captain; team leader; MVP


chùa chiền

[t͡ɕuə˨˩ t͡ɕiən˨˩]

[t͡ɕuə˦˩ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˩]

[cuə˨˩ ciəŋ˨˩]

Attested as chùa trièn in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum, so the etymological spelling would be *chùa triền. In Nôm texts, the second element was spelled with various characters (including 傳 (MC drjwen), 廛 (MC drjen), 纏 (MC drjen), all with retroflex initial), although the etymological source is most likely 廛 (triền).


cồng chiêng

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕiəŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˦˩ t͡ɕiəŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ ciəŋ˧˧]


chính đạo

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cɨn˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chính đạo.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正道, composed of 正 (“correct”) and 道 (“path”).

Bát chính đạo

The Eightfold Path; eight noble practices

(especially Buddhism) the correct path; a noble practice; righteous conduct


công năng

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ naŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ naŋ˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ naŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 功能, composed of 功 (“work”) and 能 (“ability; energy”).

Công năng Diatonic

(music) function; harmonic function (relation to a tonal center)


tu thành chính quả

[tu˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ kwaː˧˩]

[tʊw˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ kwaː˧˨]

[tʊw˧˧ tʰan˨˩ cɨn˦˥ waː˨˩˦]

(Buddhism) to finally achieve enlightenment after profound efforts and insights


đờn ca tài tử

[ʔɗəːn˨˩ kaː˧˧ taːj˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗəːŋ˦˩ kaː˧˧ taːj˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗəːŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧ taːj˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

đờn (southern variant of đàn (“musical instrument”)) + ca (“to sing”) + tài tử (“virtuoso”)

af

southern variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đàn</i> (“musical instrument”)

(music) a type of traditional musical performance in southern Vietnam


chỏ

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trửu</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 肘 (“elbow”, SV: trửu)

Trong điều lệ được ban hành, bên cạnh các thông tin về việc cho phép sử dụng các đòn ngắn (chỏ, gối)...

In the code of conduct that's been implemented, besides the news about allowing the use of short-range blows (elbows, knees)...

Cú chỏ quá hiểm hóc khiến JChao Li Dao ngã vật xuống như một khúc gỗ rồi ngất xỉu.

The elbow was so fierce that JChao Li Dao fell down like a log and then passed out.

Tuy nhiên, Gaston Bolanos đã nhanh trí xoay người rồi tung đòn chỏ đúng vào cổ họng đối thủ.

However, Gaston Bolanos quick-wittedly turned around and launched an elbow precisely into the opponent's throat.

Cao thủ Thái Lan phang chỏ túi bụi khiến đối thủ phải xin thua vì chảy quá nhiều máu.

The Thai master flung elbows overwhelmingly to cause the opponent to need to withdraw due to excessive bleeding.

(martial arts) an elbow (a kind of strike)


đậu xị

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ si˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ sɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 豆豉 (SV: đậu thị).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đậu thị</i>

vi-etym-sino

(cooking and medicine) douchi; fermented soybeans (often black, but sometimes white or brown)


thập ác

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ ʔaːk̚˧˦]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ ʔaːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 十惡, composed of 十 (“ten”) and 惡 (“evils”). The "crucifix" sense comes from the shape of the first character.


kèn bầu

[kɛn˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[kɛŋ˦˩ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[kɛŋ˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

woodwind instrument
woodwind instrument#English

(music) a double reed woodwind instrument with a gourd-shaped end piece and seven fingerholes


chứng giám

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ zaːm˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ jaːm˦˧˥]

[cɨŋ˦˥ jaːm˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 證 (“to prove”) and 鑒 (“to inspect”).

Có trời/Chúa chứng giám.


chống đẩy

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[cəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]

(exercise) to do a push-up; to do a press-up


chú tiểu

[t͡ɕu˧˦ tiəw˧˩]

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ tiw˧˨]

chú (“young fellow”) + tiểu (“小, small”).

com

(Buddhism) a child monk; very young novice monk


chủ âm

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ʔəm˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 主音, composed of 主 (“primary”) and 音 (“tone”).


xửng

(cooking) a steam boiler (often for sticky rice); steamer


tu hành

[tʊw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

迈(mày)虽(tuy)𪜀(là)弟(đệ)子(tử)哿(cả)蚤(tao)多(đi)修(tu)行(hành)虽(tuy)浪(rằng)它(đã)娄(lâu)㝵(ngày)咍(hay)事(sự)某(mỗ)渚(chửa)曠(rộng)

Copy from 18th century, Urtext probably from 12th or 15th century, Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經):

Although you are my eldest student, who has trained for a long time, your knowledge is not yet wide.


thầy chùa

[tʰəj˨˩ t͡ɕuə˨˩]

[tʰəj˦˩ t͡ɕuə˦˩]

[tʰəj˨˩ cuə˨˩]

(colloquial, Buddhism, can be disrespectful) a monk


trượt tuyết

[t͡ɕɨət̚˧˨ʔ twiət̚˧˦]

[ʈɨək̚˨˩ʔ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈɨək̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]


giốc

[jəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 角 (SV: giác).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giác</i>

vi-etym-sino

(music) the third note in the classic pentatonic scale


ngũ giới

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ zəːj˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ jəːj˨˩˦]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五戒, composed of 五 (“five”) and 戒 (“to swear off; be on guard”).


ngũ cung

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五 (“five”) and 宮 (“first note of pentatonic scale”).


thất bảo

[tʰət̚˧˦ ʔɓaːw˧˩]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 七寶, composed of 七 (“seven”) and 寶 (“treasure”)

(Buddhism) the seven treasures: vàng (gold), bạc (silver), lưu li, pha lê, (crystal) xà cừ (mother of pearl), xích châu and mã não (agate)


siêu thoát

[ʂiw˧˧ tʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʂiw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

[siw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超脫, composed of 超 (“to pass”) and 脫 (“to escape”).

Qua báo, cho tôi được chia buồn cùng gia quyến chú Ba, cho tôi được cúi đầu lạy tạ, được khóc trước linh cữu chú, cầu mong cho linh hồn chú được siêu thoát nơi chín suối.

2023, Hoàng Hải Vân, Tấn Tú, Ông Tướng Tình Báo Bí Ẩn Và Những Điệp Vụ Siêu Hạng [The Mysterious Secret Agent and His Extraordinary Missions]:

Through the paper, allow me to send my condolences to Mr. Three's family, to kowtow, to cry before his casket, wishing his soul can move on to the afterlife.

(religion, of a lingering ghost) to move on to the afterlife, such as the land of 極樂 /极乐 (jílè, “absolute bliss”) in Buddhism


đánh tỉa

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ tiə˧˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ tiə˧˨]

[ʔɗan˦˥ tiə˨˩˦]

(martial arts) to use out-boxer techniques (using speed and agility to hit an opponent without letting them hit back)


đánh gió

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ zɔ˧˦]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ jɔ˨˩˦]

[ʔɗan˦˥ jɔ˦˥]

(martial arts) to shadowbox (to practice fighting moves without an actual opponent)


tiền vệ

[tiəŋ˦˩ vej˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ vej˨˩˨]

[tiəŋ˨˩ jej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前衛, composed of 前 (“front”) and 衛 (“defence”).


bóng vợt

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ vəːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ vəːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ vəːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ vəːk̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ jəːk̚˨˩˨]


bát độ

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 八度, composed of 八 (“eight”) and 度 (“degree”)


ma vương

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[maː˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

(Buddhism or modern Japanese fiction) devil king


thập phương

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thập phương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 十方, composed of 十 (“ten”) and 方 (“directions”), Literary Chinese 十方 (shífāng).

Meronym: tứ phương

(Buddhism) all the cardinal and ordinal directions and zenith and nadir


ám khí

[ʔaːm˧˦ xi˧˦]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ xɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔaːm˦˥ kʰɪj˦˥]

[ʔaːm˦˥ xɪj˦˥]

Mai Siêu Phong hai mắt đã mù, đầu óc hôn mê, rõ ràng chất độc trên ám khí đã phát tác,[…]

2005, chapter 4, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Méi Chāofēng was blind in both eyes and her mind was bewildered; the poison on the hidden weapon was clearly taking effect; […]

(martial arts) hidden or concealed weapon


đi tu

[ʔɗi˧˧ tu˧˧]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ tʊw˧˧]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ tʊw˧˧]


nhà tu

[ɲaː˨˩ tu˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʊw˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʊw˧˧]


nơm

From an infixed form of a root that gave rise to đơm (“to catch fish with trapping basket”).

(fishing) bell-shaped trapping basket made of bamboo for capturing fish


đơn đao

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

Qua khoảng nửa giờ, bên ngoài chợt có tiếng người huyên náo, hơn mười tên nha dịch cầm thương sắt đơn đao sấn vào hậu viện rung lục lạc leng keng quát tháo ầm ĩ:[…]

2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

After about half an hour there was suddenly some tumult outside; a dozen bailiffs wielding spears and backswords rushed into the rear courtyard with a lot of noise and shouting, […]

(Chinese fiction, martial arts) one backsword (sword with one sharp edge)


song đao

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-song đao.wav

Mã Thanh Hùng loạng choạng một cái ngã về phía sau, hai hán tử sau lưng y song đao cùng chém xuống.

2005, chapter 13, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Mǎ Qīngxióng staggered and fell backwards; the two guys behind his back simultaneously slashed with both their backswords.

(Chinese fiction, martial arts) two backsword (sword with one sharp edge), one in each hand


nông sản

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ saːn˧˩]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 農產, composed of 農 (“farming, farm”) and 產 (“produce”).

(agriculture, collective) agricultural products


lò nướng

[lɔ˨˩ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[lɔ˦˩ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[lɔ˨˩ nɨəŋ˦˥]


cát-xê

(chiefly film, television, theater) remuneration, honorarium


báng bổ

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˦ ʔɓo˧˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓow˧˨]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˦]


cao lương

[kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 膏粱, composed of 膏 (“oil”) and 粱 (“millet”).


chướng ngại vật

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˦ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˦˧˥ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[cɨəŋ˦˥ ŋaːj˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨]

[cɨəŋ˦˥ ŋaːj˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 障礙物, composed of 障礙 (“to hinder”) and 物 (“object”).

(chiefly games, sports) an object that functions as an obstacle; compare chướng ngại (“figurative obstacle”)


lậu hoặc

[ləw˧˨ʔ hwak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləw˨˩ʔ hwak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləw˨˩˨ wak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漏 and 惑. Compare Chinese 漏 (lòu, “āsava”).

2002, Thích nữ Trí Hải, “Toát yếu Kinh Trung Bộ”, page 20:
Tất cả lậu hoặc ― All the taints


la hán

[laː˧˧ haːŋ˦˧˥]

[laː˧˧ haːŋ˦˥]

(Buddhism) arhat (one who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint)


ba-rê

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ze˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ʐej˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹej˧˧]

bấm ba-rê


ngoại hạng

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ haːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ haːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外 (“outside”) and 項 (“rank”).

Ngoại hạng Anh

(chiefly sports, otherwise rare) exceptional; top-level


trụ trì

[t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˨˩]

[ʈʊw˨˩ʔ ʈɪj˦˩]

[ʈʊw˨˩˨ ʈɪj˨˩]

(Buddhism) head monk of a Buddhist temple


vô ngôn

[vow˧˧ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[vow˧˧ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[jow˧˧ ŋoŋ˧˧]

Giáo pháp vô ngôn


cư sĩ

[kɨ˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[kɨ˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[kɨ˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[kɨ˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[kɨ˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

[…] bên cạnh ghi năm chữ tiểu tự "Đông Pha cư sĩ viết", té ra là thủ bút của Tô Đông Pha.

[…] besides it were five small characters reading "written by Householder Dōngpō"; apparently this was Sū Dōngpō's handwriting.


một chiều

[mot̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕiəw˨˩]

[mok̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕiw˦˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-một chiều.wav

vé một chiều


nhị ca

[ɲi˧˨ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˨˩ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ɲɪj˨˩˨ kaː˧˧]

Đang nổi giận thì người kia nhăn nhở nhìn y cười một tiếng, chành môi lè lưỡi, làm ra vẻ nhát ma rồi quay lại vẫy tay với mọi người, té ra y là Nhị ca của họ.

As he got angry, the other person looked at him with a boorish grin and gave a laugh; he opened his lips wide and stuck out his tongue, made a scary face and turned around waving to everyone; apparently he was their second brother.

(martial arts) man who is the second oldest of a group


chánh niệm

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˦ niəm˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˦˧˥ niəm˨˩ʔ]

(Buddhism) mindfulness (the first factor of the Seven Factors of Enlightenment)


đồng quê

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kwe˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ kwej˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ wej˧˧]

đồng (“field”) + quê (“countryside”).
In the music scene, calque of English country music.


nhất nước, nhì phân, tam cần, tứ giống

(agriculture) in order of priority for successful culture, water, manure/fertilizer, hard work, cultivars

nhất canh trì, nhị canh viên, tam canh điền


head

nhất canh trì, nhị canh viên, tam canh điền

nhất canh trì, nhì canh viên, tam canh điền

(agriculture) in order of ease, low overhead and profitability, aquaculture, horticulture and rice culture


sinh lão bệnh tử

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生 (“born”), 老 (“old”), 病 (“ill”) and 死 (“dead”), Literary Chinese 生老病死 (shēnglǎobìngsǐ)

vi-etym-sino

Ai mà chẳng phải trải qua sinh lão bệnh tử.

Who doesn't go through all the stages of human life?

(collective, Buddhism) all the stages of a typical human life, suggesting the inevitability of old age, illness and death


pháp danh

[faːp̚˧˦ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ jɛɲ˧˧]


thuyết mạt thế

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ maːt̚˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˦]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ maːk̚˨˩ʔ tʰej˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ maːk̚˨˩˨ tʰej˦˥]

thuyết (“theory”) + mạt thế (“last phase”).


tận thế

[tən˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˦]

[təŋ˨˩ʔ tʰej˨˩˦]

[təŋ˨˩˨ tʰej˦˥]

Blend of tận cùng (“edge; end”) + thế giới (“world”). Compare tận số.

blend

ngày tận thế


tam bảo

[taːm˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˩]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[taːm˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]


Tịnh độ tông

[tïŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˨ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 淨土宗, composed of 淨土 (“pure land”) and 宗 (“school”).


tịnh độ

[tïŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


niệm

niệm kinh

to recite contents from a religious text


lèo

(cooking, only in compounds) bouillon or stock


hiệp phụ

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ fu˧˨ʔ]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[hip̚˨˩˨ fʊw˨˩˨]

hiệp (“round”) + phụ (“secondary”), literally “secondary round”. hiệp can be translated as "half", but it means "round" or "game" in general because not every sport match consists of only two games (thus "halves") like soccer.


luân lưu

[lwəŋ˧˧ lɨw˧˧]

[l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧ lɨw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 輪流 (“to alternate”).

vi-etym-sino

đá/sút luân lưu

penalty shootout
penalty shootout#English


tiền phong

[tiəŋ˦˩ fawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ fɔŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ fawŋ͡m˧˧]


hoả ngục

[hwaː˧˩ ŋʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[hwaː˧˨ ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩˦ ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


thiền định

[tʰiən˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˨˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禪定, composed of 禪 and 定.


trì tục

[t͡ɕi˨˩ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɪj˦˩ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɪj˨˩ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


đại bi

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɓi˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大悲, composed of 大 (“great”) and 悲 (“sad; sorrowful”).


chú đại bi

head

chú đại bi • (咒大悲)

vi-noun

chú đại bi • (咒大悲)

[t͡ɕu˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɓi˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[cʊw˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

chú + đại bi, calque of Chinese 大悲咒 (đại bi chú).

(Buddhism) Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī, the Great Compassion Mantra


đà-la-ni

[ʔɗaː˨˩ laː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˩ laː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˨˩ laː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陀羅尼, from Chinese 陀羅尼 /陀罗尼 (tuóluóní), from Sanskrit धारणी (dhāraṇī).


nam mô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南無, from Chinese 南無 /南无, from Sanskrit नमो (namo).

nam mô A Di Đà Phật
Homage to Amitābha Buddha

nam mô Quan/Quán Thế Âm Bồ Tát
Homage to Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva

nam-mô Bổn sư Thích-ca Mâu-ni Phật

miệng nam mô, bụng một bồ dao găm

the person mentioned pretends to preach Buddhist teachings, but they are secretly evil

(Buddhism, only in fixed expressions) to salute, to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva)


bát chính đạo

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ cɨn˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bát chính đạo.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 八正道, composed of 八 (“eight”) and 正道 (“the correct path; a noble practice; righteous conduct”).

vi-etym-sino

noble eightfold path
noble eightfold path


đạt-ma

[ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ maː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨ maː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 達摩, from Chinese 達摩 /达摩 (dámó), from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).


tăng đoàn

[taŋ˧˧ ʔɗwaːn˨˩]

[taŋ˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩]

[taŋ˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 僧 (“priest; bonze”) and 團 (“group; team; organization”).

(Buddhism) sangha (Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices and laity)


tăng già

[taŋ˧˧ zaː˨˩]

[taŋ˧˧ jaː˦˩]

[taŋ˧˧ jaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 僧伽, from Literary Chinese 僧伽, transcribed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).

Giáo hội Tăng già Nguyên thủy Việt Nam
the Primordial Sangha of Vietnam

(Buddhism) a sangha (community of all followers of the Buddha)


ba-la-mật-đa

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 波羅蜜多, from Chinese 波羅蜜多 /波罗蜜多 (bōluómìduō), from Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā). Doublet of mít.

(Buddhism) paramita (perfection or culmination of certain virtues)


ba-la-mật

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 波羅蜜, from Chinese 波羅蜜 /波罗蜜 (bōluómì), from Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā).


Thượng toạ bộ

[tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ twaː˧˨ʔ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ twaː˨˩ʔ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˨ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 上座部, composed of 上座 (“seat of honor”) and 部 (“part; division; section”).


thượng toạ

[tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ twaː˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ twaː˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 上座, composed of 上 (“upper part; high position; up”) and 座 (“seat”).

(Buddhism) Thero (an honorific term for senior Buddhist monks and nuns)


Đại thừa

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tʰɨə˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tʰɨə˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tʰɨə˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大乘, from Chinese 大乘 (Dàchéng), calque of Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna).


Ma-ha-diễn-na

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ ziən˦ˀ˥ naː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨ naː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦ naː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 摩訶衍那, from Chinese 摩訶衍那 /摩诃衍那, from Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna).

der

Chinese 摩訶衍那 /摩诃衍那


Ma-ha-diễn

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ haː˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 摩訶衍, from Chinese 摩訶衍 /摩诃衍 (Móhēyǎn), from Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna).


Kim cương thừa

[kim˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

[kim˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰɨə˦˩]

[kim˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金剛乘, from Chinese 金剛乘 /金刚乘 (Jīngāngchéng), from Sanskrit वज्रयान (vajrayāna).


Kim Cương thừa

Kim cương thừa
Kim cương thừa#Vietnamese

(Buddhism) Alternative form of Kim cương thừa


bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ɲaː˧˨ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ɲaː˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 般若波羅蜜多, from Chinese 般若波羅蜜多 /般若波罗蜜多 (bōrě bōluómìduō), from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

प्रज्ञापारमिता

(Buddhism) prajnaparamita (the Perfection of Wisdom, Transcendental Knowledge)


bát-nhã-ba-la-mật

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ɲaː˧˨ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ɲaː˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 般若波羅蜜, from Chinese 般若波羅蜜 /般若波罗蜜, from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

Chinese 般若波羅蜜 /般若波罗蜜

प्रज्ञापारमिता

(Buddhism) Clipping of bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa.


bát-nhã

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ɲaː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ɲaː˧˨]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ɲaː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 般若, from Chinese 般若 (bōrě), from Pali paññā, from Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā).
This term was also spelled 盤若 in some Nôm texts. It is not clear why 般 (MC pan) (SV: ban) (or 盤 (MC ban) (SV: bàn)) here is read with bát. It might be an attempt at Sanskritisation, since Sanskrit has -d͡ʑ- corresponding to Vietnamese -t- here.

(Buddhism) prajñā; Buddhist transcendental wisdom


phật tính

[fət̚˧˨ʔ tïŋ˧˦]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˧˥]

[fək̚˨˩˨ tɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 佛性, composed of 佛 (“Buddha”) and 性 (“nature”).


khế kinh

[xe˧˦ kïŋ˧˧]

[kʰej˨˩˦ kɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 契 (“carved writing; engraved writing”) and 經 (“classic; classical”).


tu-đa-la

[tu˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[tʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[tʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 修多羅, from Chinese 修多羅 /修多罗 (xiūduōluō), from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra).


A-la-hán

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ haːn˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ haːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ haːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 阿羅漢, from Chinese 阿羅漢 /阿罗汉 (āluóhàn), phonetic borrowing from Pali arahant, ultimately from Sanskrit अर्हत् (árhat, “worthy of worship”).

der

(Buddhism) arhat (one who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint)


cực lạc

[kɨk̚˧˨ʔ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɨk̚˨˩ʔ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɨk̚˨˩˨ laːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 極樂, from Chinese 極樂 /极乐 (jílè), from Sanskrit सुखावती (sukhāvatī).

(Buddhism) sukhāvatī (Western Pure Land of Amitabha Buddha)


Phật Dược Sư

[fət̚˧˨ʔ zɨək̚˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ jɨək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ jɨək̚˨˩ʔ sɨ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩˨ jɨək̚˨˩˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[fək̚˨˩˨ jɨək̚˨˩˨ sɨ˧˧]

Phật + dược sư, calque of Chinese 藥師佛 /药师佛 (dược sư Phật).

cal

(Buddhism) Bhaisajyaguru (Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahāyāna Buddhism; the Medicine Buddha)


𡎝

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 癸 (quý).

Han compound

𤾓(Trăm)𢆥(năm)𥪝(trong)𡎝(cõi)𠊚(người)些(ta)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], published 1870, line 1:

A hundred years in the realm of humanity

(literary, usually occult, religion or figurative) a domain, realm or land


treo giò

[t͡ɕɛw˧˧ zɔ˨˩]

[ʈɛw˧˧ jɔ˦˩]

[ʈɛw˧˧ jɔ˨˩]

Cầu thủ bị treo giò một trận sau khi nhận hai thẻ vàng.

The player was given a one-match ban after receiving two yellow cards.

(soccer) to be suspended as a form of penalty


măng sét

[maŋ˧˧ sɛt̚˧˦]

[maŋ˧˧ ʂɛt̚˦˧˥]

[maŋ˧˧ sɛt̚˦˧˥]

[maŋ˧˧ ʂɛk̚˦˥]

[maŋ˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥]


kinh Pháp Hoa

[kïŋ˧˧ faːp̚˧˦ hwaː˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥ hwaː˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ faːp̚˦˥ waː˧˧]

kinh + Pháp Hoa, calque of Chinese 法華經 /法华经 (Pháp Hoa kinh), shortened from 妙法蓮華經 /妙法莲华经 (Diệu Pháp Liên Hoa Kinh).


Bồ Tát Quan Thế Âm

[ʔɓo˨˩ taːt̚˧˦ kwaːn˧˧ tʰe˧˦ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʔɓow˦˩ taːk̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ taːk̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧ tʰej˦˥ ʔəm˧˧]

bồ tát + Quan Thế Âm, Calque of Chinese 觀世音菩薩 /观世音菩萨 (Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát).

(Buddhism) Quanyin, or Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara


măng-đô-lin

[maŋ˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ lin˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ lin˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ lɨn˧˧]


ách nạn

[ʔajk̟̚˧˦ naːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔat̚˦˧˥ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔat̚˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˨]


dương gian

[zɨəŋ˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

(occult and religion) the mortal world, the world of the living


hồng tâm

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ təm˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ təm˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ təm˧˧]


thiền sư

[tʰiən˨˩ sɨ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˦˩ ʂɨ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˦˩ sɨ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˨˩ ʂɨ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˨˩ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禪師, composed of 禪 (“Zen”) and 師 (“master”).


giác sát

[zaːk̚˧˦ saːt̚˧˦]

[jaːk̚˦˧˥ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːk̚˦˧˥ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːk̚˦˥ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[jaːk̚˦˥ saːk̚˦˥]