đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot

(by extension, folklore, fantasy) a wand


cáo

Bình Ngô đại cáo

Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu


Việt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越 (“Yue; Viet”). Doublet of vượt.

Việt vương Câu Tiễn
King Goujian of Yue


Việt

English: Vietic

French: viétique

người Việt

Yue people, usually refers to Vietnamese people


tòng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 從. Compare Japanese 従 (ju-, “junior ranking for 位”).

cog

junior ranking for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">位</i>

(history) "junior" ranking for phẩm (“courtier rank”), e.g. chánh nhất phẩm (“senior rank 1”), tòng nhất phẩm (“junior rank 1”), chánh nhị phẩm (“senior rank 2”), tòng nhị phẩm (“junior rank 2”), etc.


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, from Tai Dam kurung or gurung. Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) a blood-sucking evil spirit in some ethnic minority folklores


Trung Quốc

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中國, composed of 中 (“center”) and 國 (“country”). Doublet of Tung Của.

vi-etym-sino

(history, only by the Nguyễn Dynasty) the self-denomination of Vietnam during Nguyễn dynasty independence period (19ᵗʰ century).


đinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 丁 (“adult man”).

đến tuổi đinh

to become an adult man and have to contribute

(history) an adult man who has to contribute some type of tax (for being an adult man), or is subject to conscription


tiền

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tiền.wav

nhà/triều Tiền Lê

(history, of a dynasty) early (used to distinguish similarly named dynasties)


phách

Đêm qua chẳng biết có hay không,
Chẳng phải hoảng hốt, không mơ mòng.
Thật hồn! Thật phách! Thật thân thế!
Thật được lên tiên - sướng lạ lùng.

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]:

Not sure last night was real,
I don't think I was frightened or dreaming.
But rather, really spirited! Really zealous! Really lively!
Really got into heaven - so joyful.

(occult, folklore) a soul; a spirit (po as opposed to hun)


lộc

[ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

hưởng lộc

to enjoy pays and benefits as a mandarin

(history, feudalism) some sort of pay/salary of a mandarin/courtier


châu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 州 (“a type of historical political divisions”).

Giao Châu là một châu của Trung Quốc thời Bắc thuộc.

Jiaozhou (region) was a province under Chinese government.


thân

Sino-Vietnamese word from 親 (“close; pro-”).

thân Mĩ/Pháp/Nhật


tự

Sino-Vietnamese word from 字 (“letter, character, word”).


dã man

[zaː˦ˀ˥ maːn˧˧]

[jaː˧˨ maːŋ˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 野蠻 (“savage”).


phẩm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 品 (“item; article; courtier rank”). Doublet of phím. Compare Japanese 品 (hon, -bon, -pon, “courtier rank”).

cog

nhất phẩm

cửu phẩm

(history) a rank for East Asian courtiers


người Việt

[ŋɨəj˨˩ viət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨj˦˩ viək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨj˨˩ viək̚˨˩˨]

[ŋɨj˨˩ jiək̚˨˩˨]

người (“human”) + Việt (“Yue; Vietnamese”).

compound

(history) the Yue people, the name given by the Chinese to various ethnic groups in Southern Ancient China and modern Northern Vietnam; a Yue person


thầy

→ Khmer: ថី (thəy)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 師 (SV: sư). Doublet of sư. Feudal Han or Nom teachers were generally male, hence the strictly modern use for male teachers.
The written form thày used to be common in the Northern dialects, now mostly eradicated in writing, although the pronunciation itself likely still remains in less mainstream Northern dialects.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sư</i>

vi-etym-sino

Muốn sang thì bắc cầu kiều
Muốn con hay chữ thì yêu lấy thầy
Want to cross a river? Build a bridge
Want your children educated? Show their teacher some love


sứ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 使 (“envoy, messenger, ambassador”).

đi sứ nước...


chánh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正. Doublet of chính. Compare Japanese 正 (shō-, “senior ranking for 位”).

cog

senior ranking for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">位</i>

(history) "senior" ranking for phẩm (“courtier rank”), e.g. chánh nhất phẩm (“senior rank 1”), tòng nhất phẩm (“junior rank 1”), chánh nhị phẩm (“senior rank 2”), tòng nhị phẩm (“junior rank 2”), etc.


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]


Bắc Kì

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩]

(history) Tonkinese (pertaining to Tonkin)


An Nam

→ French: Annam

→ English: Annam

[ʔaːn˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-An Nam.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安南, composed of 安 (“pacified”) and 南 (“south”), officially 安南都護府／安南都护府 (An Nam Đô hộ phủ, “Annam Protectorate”). Reborrowed from French Annam which itself is from Vietnamese, used satirically along with the French derivative An-nam-mít (from French Annamite).

vi-etym-sino

(history) Annam, a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin


nông nô

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ no˧˧]


vườn không nhà trống

[vɨən˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥]

(history) a strategy that was performed by Trần Hưng Đạo, with which he lured the enemy (the Yuan army) into an empty residential area where there were no residents and no food supply, weakening them, minimizing damage to the Trần army, in order to strike back a while later. Literally meaning "empty gardens, empty houses".


không thành kế

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ ke˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kej˨˩˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰan˨˩ kej˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không thành kế.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 空城計, composed of 空 (“empty”), 城 (“fort”) and 計 (“strategy”), from Chinese 空城計／空城计 (kōngchéngjì), the 32nd of the Thirty-Six Stratagems.


võ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武, common reading of vũ.

quan võ


phò mã

[fɔ˨˩ maː˦ˀ˥]

[fɔ˦˩ maː˧˨]

[fɔ˨˩ maː˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 駙馬 (SV: phụ mã).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phụ mã</i>

vi-etym-sino

kén phò mã


Lưỡng Hà

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ haː˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ haː˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩河, composed of 兩 (“two, double”) and 河 (“river”).


Lưỡng Hà

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ haː˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ haː˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩]


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"
Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


Hương Cảng

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˩]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˦]

(history, dated in colloquial usage, sometimes used in literary contexts) Hong Kong


hậu

nhà Hậu Lê
the Later Lê dynasty

Hậu Hán thư

(history, of a dynasty) later (used to distinguish similarly named dynasties)


Nhật Nhĩ Man

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ ɲi˦ˀ˥ maːn˧˧]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ ɲɪj˧˨ maːŋ˧˧]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ ɲɪj˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧]


Văn Lang

[vaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[vaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[jaŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

(history) the first nation of the ancient Vietnamese people, ruled by Hùng kings


Trung Kì

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ki˨˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɪj˦˩]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kɪj˨˩]


Nam Kì

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Kì.wav


tam giác long

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lɔŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác long.wav


Thành Cát Tư Hãn

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ kaːt̚˧˦ tɨ˧˧ haːn˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ kaːk̚˦˧˥ tɨ˧˧ haːŋ˧˨]

[tʰan˨˩ kaːk̚˦˥ tɨ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 成吉思汗, from Literary Chinese 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán), from Mongolian ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (činggis qaɣan), Чингис хаан (Čingis xaan). Compare Mandarin 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísī Hán).

der

ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ


quốc hiệu

[kuək̚˧˦ hiəw˧˨ʔ]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ hiw˨˩ʔ]

[wək̚˦˥ hiw˨˩˨]

Quốc-hiệu nước ta thay-đổi đã nhiều lần, tuy rằng ngày nay ta vẫn theo thói quen dùng hai chữ An-nam 安 南, nhưng vì hai chữ ấy có ngụ ý phải thần-phục nước Tàu, vậy thì ta nên nhất định lấy tên Việt-nam 越 南 mà gọi nước nhà.

1920, Trần Trọng Kim, Việt Nam sử lược, volume I, Trung Bắc Tân Văn, page 4:

The name of our country has changed many times; we still follow the custom of using the two characters Annam 安 南, but, as they carry the connotation of bending the knee to China, we should definitely use the name Vietnam 越 南 for our nation.

(history) the name of a country (such as the historical name Đại Việt for Vietnam)


Mĩ Tho

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰɔ˧˧]

From Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “inhabited area”) + មេ (mee, “girl”) + ស (sɑɑ, “white”), literally "land of white girls". The first element was somehow dropped.

(history) a former province of Vietnam, now part of Tiền Giang Province


Nguyên

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

(history) Yuan, a Mongolian dynasty (1271–1368 C.E.)


vạn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萬. Doublet of muôn and man.

một vạn (~ mười ngàn/nghìn)

mười vạn (~ một trăm ngàn/nghìn)

Hoàng thượng vạn tuế! Vạn tuế! Vạn vạn tuế!

một vạn quân

Hai vạn dặm dưới đáy biển

(literary or history, only in compounds) ten thousand; myriad


Phổ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 普, from Mandarin 普魯士／普鲁士 (Pǔlǔshì; Phổ Lỗ Sĩ), perhaps from French Prusse. Compare Thuỵ Sĩ.


loạn

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亂. Likely a doublet of lộn and trộn.

loạn 12 sứ quân

Anarchy of the 12 Warlords, lit. "Chaos of the 12 Warlords"

loạn An Sử


triều

Sino-Vietnamese word from 朝. Doublet of chầu and chào.


chị Hằng

[t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ haŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɪj˨˩ʔ haŋ˦˩]

[cɪj˨˩˨ haŋ˨˩]

chị (“elder sister”) + Hằng, from Chinese 姮娥 (Hằng Nga).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hằng Nga</i>

(folklore) a woman who got trapped on the Moon due to the lies of her younger brother, Cuội.


giáo thụ

[zaːw˧˦ tʰu˧˨ʔ]

[jaːw˨˩˦ tʰʊw˨˩ʔ]

[jaːw˦˥ tʰʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教授 (“professor”).

vi-etym-sino

(history) an education commissioner under the Nguyễn dynasty and French colonialism


head

Mặt trận Dân tộc Giải phóng miền Nam Việt Nam • (𩈘陣民族解放沔南越南)

𩈘陣民族解放沔南越南 (CJK)

[mat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕən˧˨ʔ zən˧˧ təwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩ fawŋ͡m˧˦ miən˨˩ naːm˧˧ viət̚˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ ʈəŋ˨˩ʔ jəŋ˧˧ təwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨ fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ miəŋ˦˩ naːm˧˧ viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ ʈəŋ˨˩ʔ jəŋ˧˧ təwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨ fɔŋ˦˧˥ miəŋ˦˩ naːm˧˧ viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩˨ ʈəŋ˨˩˨ jəŋ˧˧ təwk͡p̚˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦ fawŋ͡m˦˥ miəŋ˨˩ naːm˧˧ viək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

[mak̚˨˩˨ ʈəŋ˨˩˨ jəŋ˧˧ təwk͡p̚˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦ fawŋ͡m˦˥ miəŋ˨˩ naːm˧˧ jiək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧]

mặt trận (“front”) + dân tộc (“people”) + giải phóng (“liberate”) + miền (“region”) + nam (“south”) + Việt Nam (“Vietnam”)

compound

(history, formal) Vietcong (political organisation and army in Southern Vietnam in the 20th century)


công cụ

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ku˧˨ʔ]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kʊw˨˩ʔ]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-công cụ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 工具, composed of 工 (“work”) and 具 (“tool”).

vi-etym-sino

công cụ đồ đá

thanh công cụ


chiếu

Chiếu dời đô


lầu xanh

[ləw˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ləw˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lầu xanh.wav

lầu (“multistory building”) + xanh (“grue”), calque of Chinese 青樓／青楼 (thanh lâu).


thuỷ cung

[tʰwi˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水宮, composed of 水 and 宮.


Cuội

nói dối như Cuội
to lie like Cuội

(folklore) the protagonist of a folkloric tale whose lie led to his elder sister chị Hằng's entrapment on the moon


Mĩ nguỵ

[mi˦ˀ˥ ŋwi˧˨ʔ]

[mɪj˧˨ ŋwɪj˨˩ʔ]

[mɪj˨˩˦ ŋwɪj˨˩˨]

Mĩ (“America”) + nguỵ (“fake”), literally “fake Americans”

af

Republic of Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam#English

(collective, history, derogatory) people of Vietnamese descent who supported the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War, especially those who worked in their ranks


đế quốc Mĩ

head

đế quốc Mĩ • (帝國美)

vi-noun

đế quốc Mĩ • (帝國美)

[ʔɗe˧˦ kuək̚˧˦ mi˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗej˨˩˦ kuək̚˦˧˥ mɪj˧˨]

[ʔɗej˦˥ wək̚˦˥ mɪj˨˩˦]

đế quốc (“empire; imperialists”, from chủ nghĩa đế quốc (“imperialism”)) + Mĩ (“America”). Compare Chinese 美帝國主義／美帝国主义 (Mĩ đế quốc chủ nghĩa), 美帝 (Mĩ đế).

cog

(collective, history) American imperialists, a name for Americans during the Vietnam War, often used comparatively with thực dân Pháp (“French colonists and colonialists”), and sometimes also with phát xít Nhật (“Japanese fascists”)


giáo sĩ

[jaːw˨˩˦ ʂɪj˧˨]

[jaːw˨˩˦ sɪj˧˨]

[jaːw˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[jaːw˦˥ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教士 (“preacher”).

vi-etym-sino

(history, religion, chiefly Christianity) a missionary


ứng thí

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ tʰi˧˦]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ tʰɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ tʰɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 應試, composed of 應 (“to respond”) and 試 (“to test”)


Gô-loa

[ɣo˧˧ lwaː˧˧]

[ɣow˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]


cổ vật

[ko˧˩ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kow˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kow˨˩˦ vək̚˨˩˨]

[kow˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古物, composed of 古 (“old”) and 物 (“thing”).


sự tích

[sɨ˧˨ʔ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˨˩ʔ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

[sɨ˨˩˨ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 事蹟 (“achievement”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).

Sự tích gấu ăn trăng


phường hội

[fɨəŋ˨˩ hoj˧˨ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˦˩ hoj˨˩ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˨˩ hoj˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phường hội.wav

(history) a guild (association of tradespeople)


kinh đô

[kïŋ˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 京都, composed of 京 (“capital”) and 都 (“city; capital”).


địa tâm

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ təm˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ təm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地心, composed of 地 (“earth”) and 心 (“center”). Compare Chinese 地心說／地心说 (“geocentrism”) and 地心 (dìxīn, “Earth's core”).


nguyên hình

[ŋwiən˧˧ hïŋ˨˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˦˩]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原形, composed of 原 (“origin”) and 形 (“form”)

hiện nguyên hình

to reveal one's true form; to show one's true colors

(Chinese mythology, folklore, of a shapeshifting monster in disguise) the original, true form


mẫu quốc

[məw˦ˀ˥ kuək̚˧˦]

[məw˧˨ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[məw˨˩˦ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 母國, composed of 母 (“mother”) and 國 (“country”)

(history, ironic) a "motherland", a metropole; a colonist country, especially France (as forced by colonial authorities on colonized populations)


Âu Lạc

[ʔəw˧˧ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəw˧˧ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəw˧˧ laːk̚˨˩˨]

Blend of Âu Việt + Lạc Việt, Sino-Vietnamese word from 甌貉.

(history) an ancient precursor of Vietnam, formed by unifying the tribespeople Âu Việt and Lạc Việt


Ngọc Hoàng Đại Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇大帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 大帝 (“great emperor”), from Chinese 玉皇大帝 (Yùhuáng Dàdì)

(Chinese mythology, folklore) Synonym of Ngọc Hoàng (“Jade Emperor”)


Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇上帝, composed of 玉皇 (“Jade Emperor”) and 上帝 (“Shangdi”), from Chinese 玉皇上帝 (Yùhuáng Shàngdì).


Ngọc Đế

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉帝, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 帝 (“emperor; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉帝 (Yù Dì)


Ngọc Hoàng

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉皇, composed of 玉 (“jade”) and 皇 (“sovereign; a class of Chinese deities”), from Chinese 玉皇 (Yùhuáng)

A-lô. Thái Bạch Kim Tinh đấy hả ? Ờ. Đây là vấn đề nhạy cảm. Ngọc Hoàng đã chỉ đạo rồi. Phải chờ các Táo đã. Đúng rồi, các Táo biểu quyết thông qua. Phải bí mật đấy nhá.

2016, Táo Quân 2016 [Kitchen Gods 2016], spoken by Nam Tào (Xuân Bắc):

Hello? Is that Taibai Jinxing? Yeah. It's a delicate matter. The Jade Emperor has given instructions. We need to wait for the Kitchen Gods. That's right, they'll be putting on a vote. It's classified.

Không hiểu sau đó rồi vị thần ấy chết hay sống, hay là trở thành Ngọc Hoàng. Việc đó không thấy dân gian kể đến. Nhưng chắc rằng cũng cách khoảng thời gian ấy không lâu có một vị thần tên là Ngọc Hoàng hay ông Trời cai quản cai quản tất cả mọi việc trên trời dưới đất.

2022, “Sức hấp dẫn của truyện kể [The Appeal of Stories]”, in Ngữ văn 10 [Vietnamese 10], page 12:

It is not clear whether that god was alive or dead, or became the Jade Emperor. Folklore has no further details on that. But one thing for certain, not long after that time, there was a god called the Jade Emperor or Lord Heaven who look after all things in the universe.

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Jade Emperor


hậu cung

[həw˧˨ʔ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[həw˨˩ʔ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[həw˨˩˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後宮, composed of 後 (“in the back”) and 宮 (“palace”)

(history) the place where an East Asian emperor's harem lives


Minh Trị

[mïŋ˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[mɨn˧˧ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[mɨn˧˧ ʈɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 明治, from Japanese 明治 (Meiji).

Thiên hoàng Minh Trị

thời Minh Trị


thái giám

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ jaːm˦˧˥]


chuyện cổ tích

[t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˨˩ʔ kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古跡 (“old site”), influenced by the Vietnamese reinterpretation of tích (“old tale”).


cổ tích

[ko˧˩ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[kow˧˨ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kow˨˩˦ tɨt̚˦˥]


Hốt Tất Liệt

[hot̚˧˦ tət̚˧˦ liət̚˧˨ʔ]

[hok̚˦˧˥ tək̚˦˧˥ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[hok̚˦˥ tək̚˦˥ liək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 忽必烈, from Literary Chinese 忽必烈 (Hūbìliè), from Mongolian ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ (qubilai), Хубилай (Xubilaj). Compare Mandarin 忽必烈 (Hūbìliè).


tên huý

[təːn˧˧ wɪj˦˥]

(history) the name of a person, usually a noble, that is not meant to be said by the general public


thời bao cấp

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɓaːw˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɓaːw˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɓaːw˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]

Thời bao cấp khốn khó thật, nhưng con người đối xử với con người cũng đâu đến nỗi.

2001, Chu Lai, Cuộc đời dài lắm, NXB Văn học, page 216:

During the Subsidy Period life was really tough, but people did not treat each other this badly either.

(history) Subsidy Period, part of Vietnamese history when the country was under a planned economy, usually taken as going from 1976 to 1986


Chiến Quốc

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ kuək̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ciəŋ˦˥ wək̚˦˥]

(history) the Warring States period (of Chinese history)

(history) the Sengoku period (of Japanese history)


dã tâm

[zaː˦ˀ˥ təm˧˧]

[jaː˧˨ təm˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˦ təm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 野心, composed of 野 (“wild; savage”) and 心 (“heart”).

dã tâm chiếm đoạt tài sản

dã tâm cưỡng hiếp

dã tâm xâm lược

dã tâm chống phá nhà nước cộng sản

the intent to sabotage the communist state

(chiefly crime, history or communism, especially of anti-communism agents) harmful scheming intent


tể tướng

[te˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[tej˧˨ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[tej˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Tể tướng Lưu gù
Hunchbacked Chancellor Liu


Tống

(history) Song, a state during the Zhou dynasty (11th century BC–286 BC)

(history) Song, an imperial dynasty of China (960–1279)


Thiên Lôi

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ loj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天 (“heaven”) and 雷 (“thunder”).

(folklore) a god who produces thunder and lightning with his ax


trưởng giả

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ zaː˧˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˧˨ jaː˧˨]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ jaː˨˩˦]

Trưởng giả học làm sang

(literally, “A Bourgeois Who Learns to Be Classy”)


Thừa Thiên

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiən˧˧]

[tʰɨə˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

(history) an feudal province of Vietnam, later part of Bình Trị Thiên Province (along with Quảng Bình and Quảng Trị), now part of Thừa Thiên Huế Province


Nê-đéc-lan

[ne˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˧˦ laːn˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˧˥ laːŋ˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥ laːŋ˧˧]


hạ giới

[haː˧˨ʔ zəːj˧˦]

[haː˨˩ʔ jəːj˨˩˦]

[haː˨˩˨ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 下界, composed of 下 (“below”) and 界 (“world”).

- “Trời nghe hạ giới ai ngâm nga,
Tiếng ngâm vang cả sông Ngân Hà!
Làm Trời mất ngủ, Trời đương mắng
Có hay lên đọc, Trời nghe qua”.

- The Lord heard someone reciting in the realm below,
Such recital echoed across the Milky Way!
It disturbed His slumber, it made Him mad
If you're so good, come to Heaven and recite to Him.


Ngưu Lang

[ŋiw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 牛郎, composed of 牛 (“cattle”) and 郎 (“boy”), Chinese 牛郎 (niúláng).

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Cowherd


Chức Nữ

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥ nɨ˧˨]

[cɨk̚˦˥ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 織女, composed of 織 (“to weave”) and 女 (“girl”), from Chinese 織女／织女 (zhīnǚ). Compare Japanese 織姫 (Orihime, literally “Weaving Lady”).

ncog

(Chinese mythology, folklore) the Weaver Girl


thư lại

[tʰɨ˧˧ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨ˧˧ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨ˧˧ laːj˨˩˨]

tượng viên thư lại


thống lĩnh

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ lïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ lɨn˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ lɨn˨˩˦]

(history, military) a commander-in-chief, such as a marshal or a general


chầu trời

[t͡ɕəw˨˩ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[t͡ɕəw˦˩ ʈəːj˦˩]

[cəw˨˩ ʈəːj˨˩]

thả cả chép, tiễn ông Táo lên chầu trời

to release a carp and give the Kitchen God a ride to heaven

(folklore, occult, of a god) to attend the heavenly court of the Jade Emperor


địa phương chí

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ fɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ fɨəŋ˧˧ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地方誌 (“local chronicle”).

vi-etym-sino

(historical, historiography) a local chronicle; encyclopedic record of an area


địa chí

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地 (“place”) and 誌 (“record”). Compare 地方誌／地方志 (dìfāngzhì).


di chỉ

[zi˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[jɪj˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[jɪj˧˧ cɪj˨˩˦]

Di chỉ khảo cổ


trạng nguyên

(history) a zhuangyuan (person who achieves the highest score in the imperial exam)


thám hoa

Sino-Vietnamese word from 探花, Middle Chinese 探花

(history) a person who achieves the third highest score in the imperial exam


bảng nhãn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 榜眼, Middle Chinese 榜眼

(history) a person who achieves the second highest score in the imperial exam


Đông Sơn

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

(archaeology) a Bronze Age culture of ancient Vietnam centred at the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam (1000 BCE–1st century C.E.)


Nam Tống

[naːm˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˦]

[naːm˧˧ təwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[naːm˧˧ təwŋ͡m˦˥]

– Nam Tống triều chính hủ bại, kỵ sĩ như thế mà bỏ không dùng để cho phải rơi rớt nơi thảo dã, sao mình không chọn tài mà dùng?

2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

"The Southern Song court is depraved, to not make use of such a horseman and leave him to eke out a living in the countryside; why don't I make use of his talent?"

(history) the Southern Song dynasty, an imperial dynasty of China (1127–1279)


thạp

(especially archaeology) a cylindrical jar for holding rice or water


kĩ nghệ

[ki˦ˀ˥ ŋe˧˨ʔ]

[kɪj˧˨ ŋej˨˩ʔ]

[kɪj˨˩˦ ŋej˨˩˨]

kĩ nghệ đồ đá Ngườm

kĩ nghệ đồ đá Muxchiê


thời đại đồ đá

head

thời đại đồ đá

thời đại đồ đá

vi-noun

thời đại đồ đá

thời đại đồ đá

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˨˩ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˦˩ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩ ʔɗaː˦˥]

thời đại (“age, era, period”) + đồ (“stuff, things”) + đá (“stone”).

com

(archaeology, paleontology) the Stone Age


thời đại đồ đá cũ

head

thời đại đồ đá cũ

thời đại đồ đá cũ

vi-noun

thời đại đồ đá cũ

thời đại đồ đá cũ

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˨˩ ʔɗaː˧˦ ku˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˦˩ ʔɗaː˨˩˦ kʊw˧˨]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩ ʔɗaː˦˥ kʊw˨˩˦]

thời đại (“age, era, period”) + đồ (“stuff, things”) + đá (“stone”) + cũ (“old”).

com

(archaeology, paleontology) Paleolithic; Old Stone Age; Palaeolithic


sử sách

[sɨ˧˩ sajk̟̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˨ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˧˨ sat̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ ʂat̚˦˥]

[sɨ˨˩˦ sat̚˦˥]

(historiography) history; chronicles; annals


thời đại đồ sắt

head

thời đại đồ sắt

thời đại đồ sắt

vi-noun

thời đại đồ sắt

thời đại đồ sắt

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˨˩ sat̚˧˦]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˦˩ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˦˩ sak̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩ ʂak̚˦˥]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩ sak̚˦˥]

thời đại (“age, era, period”) + đồ (“stuff, things”) + sắt (“iron”).


Sa Huỳnh

[saː˧˧ hwïŋ̟˨˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ hwɨn˦˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ wɨn˨˩]

[saː˧˧ wɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 沙 and 黃, with the South Central-Southern reading of the second character instead of Northern hoàng.

(archaeology) a culture in modern-day central and southern Vietnam (1000 BCE–200 C.E.)

(archaeology) Sa Huỳnh (a cluster of archaeological sites in Đức Phổ, Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam)


thế tập

[tʰe˧˦ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˦˥ təp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 世襲, composed of 世 (“generation”) and 襲 (“to inherit”).

vi-etym-sino

(history, attributive, of phong kiến nobility titles and offices) hereditary


mảnh tước

[majŋ̟˧˩ tɨək̚˧˦]

[mɛɲ˧˨ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[man˨˩˦ tɨək̚˦˥]

From mảnh (“piece; fragment”) + tước (“to strip”).


hạch đá

[hajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[hat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[hat̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaː˦˥]

From hạch (“kernel; core”) + đá (“stone, lithic”).


quan chấp chính

[kwaːn˧˧ t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ cəp̚˦˥ cɨn˦˥]

From quan (“mandarin”) + chấp chính (“to assume political power”).

[...] chẳng hạn đối với khái niệm consul trong tiếng Pháp, ở ta nhiều người muốn phân biệt rõ: thời cổ La Mã gọi là quan chấp chính, thời cận đại thì gọi là tổng tài, [...]

1977, Nguyễn Khánh Toàn, Về vấn đề xây dựng thuật ngữ khoa học, Hanoi: NXB Khoa học xã hội, page 41:

… take the word consul in French for example, in our country people want to differentiate clearly: calling it quan chấp chính in ancient Roman context, calling it tổng tài in early modern context, …


Hy-La

[hɪj˧˧ laː˧˧]

[hɪj˧˧ laː˧˧]


điền khí

[ʔɗiən˨˩ xi˧˦]

[ʔɗiəŋ˦˩ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiəŋ˦˩ xɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ kʰɪj˦˥]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 田 (“field”) and 器 (“tool”).

vi-etym-sino

(archaeology, history or literary) agricultural tools