ỷ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 倚 (“to lean; to rely”).

ỷ (lại) vào

thói ỷ lại

(the bad habit/the disapprovable conduct of) reliance

ỷ y

Nó ỷ nó có bố là tai to mặt lớn.

She's so full of herself thanks to her powerful father.

Ỷ Thiên Đồ Long kí

The Chronicles of the Heaven-Reliant Sword and the Dragon-Slaying Saber

(derogatory) to rely; compare dựa (“to lean; to rely”, in a more positive way)


phái

Sino-Vietnamese word from 派. Doublet of phe.

Ta đã phái người đến giúp.


chứng minh

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[cɨŋ˦˥ mɨn˧˧]

to prove (to demonstrate that something is true; to give proof for)


thoáng

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]


cải cách

Cho nên không những là ta không chịu cải cách chính thể của ta cho hợp thời mà lại còn làm những điều ngang-ngạnh để cho chóng hỏng việc.

1920, Trần Trọng Kim, Việt Nam sử lược, volume II, Trung Bắc Tân Văn, page 293:

And so not only do we not care to reform our system of government and make it move with the times, we also often act stubbornly, making matters worse.


dzô

(Southern Vietnam, phonetic spelling) Alternative spelling of vô


lên voi xuống chó

[len˧˧ vɔj˧˧ suəŋ˧˦ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[len˧˧ vɔj˧˧ suəŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[ləːn˧˧ vɔj˧˧ suəŋ˦˥ cɔ˦˥]

[ləːn˧˧ jɔj˧˧ suəŋ˦˥ cɔ˦˥]

Literally “going up as high as sitting on an elephant’s back, going down as low as a dog"; perhaps alluding to the fact that ancient monarchs and commanders rode elephants while dogs were considered lowly animals used for guarding.

(idiomatic) to have ups and downs in one's life; to go from rages to riches and/or riches to rags; to move up and down the socioeconomic ladder


dô

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Southern Vietnam) Pronunciation spelling of vô.


thờ

head

蜍, 𠄜, 徐, 除, 悇

vi-verb

蜍, 𠄜, 徐, 除, 悇

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 事 (“to serve”, SV: sự) or 示 (thị, “altar”)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sự</i>

vi-etym-sino

ảnh thờ

Tuy nhiên, ta nên thờ Phật Thích-ca Mâu-ni, vì đây là người khai sáng đạo Phật, gọi là Phật Bổn sư, là vị Phật xuất hiện nơi thế giới này trong thời hiện tại.

2008, Diệu Kim, Đố vui Phật pháp, Nhà sách Quang Minh, page 21:

We should however worship Śākyamuni, as he is the founder of Buddhism, the one called Běn Shì, he is the Buddha that appeared in this world in the present time.


chải

From Proto-Vietic *caːs (“to comb”). Compare also Laven cas, Chrau saːs, Ngeq caːjh. Related to nải (“hand (of banana)”).

chải tóc

chải lông

Đừng quên chải răng mỗi ngày ít nhất hai lần.

Do not forget to brush your teeth at least twice a day.


đấm

head

đấm • (𢶸, 𱡉, 󰝂, 𱠡)

vi-verb

đấm • (𢶸, 𱡉, 󰝂, 𱠡)

Cognate with Muong Bi tẩm (“to punch”), Tho [Cuối Thái Hoà] tɤ̆m²⁴ (Nguyễn Hữu Hoành et al., 2022).

cú đấm


bẻ

From Proto-Vietic *pɛh (“to break in two, to pick”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pih ~ *peh ~ *pɛh. Cognate with Arem pɛh, Khmu [Cuang] pɛh, Khmer បេះ (beh), Semai pèh.

inh

bẻ đôi

một chữ bẻ đôi (cũng/còn) không biết

to be illiterate / poorly educated (literally, “would not be able to even recognize a character broken in two”)

một nốt nhạc bẻ đôi (cũng/còn) không biết

to be musically illiterate (literally, “would not be able to even recognize a musical note broken in two”)


nắm

head

捻, 唸, 󱢰, 𪫶, 喃, 揇, 䋻, 𢶸

vi-verb

捻, 唸, 󱢰, 𪫶, 喃, 揇, 䋻, 𢶸

捻 (CJK)
唸 (CJK)
𪫶 (CJK)
喃 (CJK)
揇 (CJK)
䋻 (CJK)
𢶸 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-namʔ (Ferlus, 2007), with the straightforward Muong Bi cognate nẳm. Curiously, Ferlus (2007) also assigned this word, along with Pong nɨm⁴, to the reconstruction *-nəmʔ; both might be different reconstructions of one etymology. Chut [Mày] nɯ̆m⁴ ("to grasp") (Babaev & Samarina, 2018) might also be listed.
Compare maybe Riang [Lang] kᵊnəm² ("clenched (of fist)"). Schuessler (2007) suggests relation to 揇 (OC *nə̂mʔ) "to hold in hand".

(figurative) to grasp (opportunity, power, etc.); to seize


mày tao chi tớ

[maj˨˩ taːw˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˧ təː˧˦]

[maj˦˩ taːw˧˧ t͡ɕɪj˧˧ təː˨˩˦]

[ma(ː)j˨˩ taːw˧˧ cɪj˧˧ təː˦˥]

Thằng này hỗn nhỉ ? Nói chuyện với anh mà dám mày tao chi tớ hả ?

How bold of you to talk to me that way! I'm your senior!

(disapproving) to use the pronouns mày and tao when speaking


trồng

head

槞, 𢲣, 堹, 揰, 種, 撞, 櫳, 𣑺, 桐, 𣙩, 𤿰, 󱹵

trồng • (槞, 𢲣, 堹, 揰, 種, 撞, 櫳, 𣑺, 桐, 𣙩, 𤿰, 󱹵)

vi-verb

槞, 𢲣, 堹, 揰, 種, 撞, 櫳, 𣑺, 桐, 𣙩, 𤿰, 󱹵

槞 (CJK)
𢲣 (CJK)
堹 (CJK)
揰 (CJK)
種 (CJK)
撞 (CJK)
櫳 (CJK)
𣑺 (CJK)
桐 (CJK)
𣙩 (CJK)
𤿰 (CJK)

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩]

From Proto-Vietic *m-loːŋ. Cognate with Muong tlồng.

Bố tôi đang trồng cây.

1958, Hồ Chí Minh, paraphasing Guanzi in a speech to middle-school and high-school teachers attending a course in politics,
Vì lợi ích mười năm thì phải trồng cây, vì lợi ích trăm năm thì phải trồng người

To benefit for ten years, must plant trees! To benefit for a hundred years, must cultivate people!


rũ

head

屢, 愈, 瘻, 𢷀, 𪮴

rũ • (屢, 愈, 瘻, 𢷀, 𪮴)

vi-verb

屢, 愈, 瘻, 𢷀, 𪮴

rũ • (屢, 愈, 瘻, 𢷀, 𪮴)

From Proto-Vietic *ruh, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruh ~ *ruuh ~ *ruəh ~ *rəh ~ *rah ~ *raah ~ *rih ~ *rus ~ *ruəs ~ *rəs ~ *rəəs ~ *raas ~ *ris ~ *ruʔ ~ *ruəʔ ~ *raʔ (“to fall, be shed”); cognate with Bahnar ruh, Khmer រុះ (ruh), Mon ပြဟ် (proh), Temiar roh (“to fall (of leaves)”).

Lá cây rũ hết rồi.

All the leaves tilted down (because they had lost their energy)

to be exhausted and tilted down because of a lack of energy or after hard work


參戰

chữ Hán form of tham chiến (“to participate in a war”).


đập

Probably non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 踏 (“to kick”, SV: đạp). Compare Proto-Tai *dupᴬ (“to pound”), Sui tjap⁸ (“to smash”), Cantonese 𢱕 (dap⁶, “to pound”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đạp</i>


nếm

nếm canh

nếm thử miếng bánh

to taste a piece of bánh and check its flavor

(transitive, especially cooking) to taste in order to check the flavor

nếm mùi cay đắng

nếm đòn

to have a taste of the [cane, bat]; to be beaten

(transitive, figuratively) to experience something unpleasant


mửa

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mửa.wav

From Proto-Vietic *ɓah. Cognate with Muong Bi bá.


ngăn ngừa

[ŋan˧˧ ŋɨə˨˩]

[ŋaŋ˧˧ ŋɨə˦˩]

[ŋaŋ˧˧ ŋɨə˨˩]

Loại nước uống này giúp ngăn ngừa các bệnh nguy hiểm như đột qụy, ung thư và có thể phát huy hiệu quả tốt nhất khi dùng thường xuyên.

2017, Hãy uống nước ép dưa hấu theo cách này để ngăn ngừa ung thư và đột quỵ:

This kind of drink helps prevent dangerous diseases, such as stroke and cancer, and is most beneficial when consumed regularly.

to prevent (an adverse event, a disease, etc.)


bán chạy như tôm tươi

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ t͡ɕaj˧˨ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ tom˧˧ tɨəj˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕaj˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ tom˧˧ tɨj˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ca(ː)j˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ tom˧˧ tɨj˧˧]

bán chạy (“to sell quickly”) + như (“like”) + tôm (“prawn”) + tươi (“fresh”). Literally, to sell like fresh prawns.

compound

(intransitive, idiomatic) to sell like hot cakes


tội nghiệp

[toj˧˨ʔ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[toj˨˩ʔ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[toj˨˩˨ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 罪業 (“Buddhist sin”), from Chinese 罪 (zuì, “sin; crime”) + 業／业 (yè, “karma”).

vi-etym-sino

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, "Huệ lấy chồng" (in Cánh đồng bất tận), Trẻ publishing house
- Tao tội nghiệp ông Thi quá, mà tao cũng tội nghiệp mầy nữa.

"I pity Mr Thi so much, but I also pity you as well."


tiêm

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) to inject (medicine), to give a shot


chứa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 貯 (“to store/contain”, SV: trữ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trữ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(transitive) to shelter; to hide; to conceal (especially illicit items)


giúp đỡ

[zup̚˧˦ ʔɗəː˦ˀ˥]

[jup̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəː˧˨]

[jʊp̚˦˥ ʔɗəː˨˩˦]


đo

head

đo • (𡳢, 𡳣, 𡳤)

vi-verb

đo • (𡳢, 𡳣, 𡳤)

From Proto-Vietic *tɔː; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 度 (SV: độ, đạc). Cognate with Arem tɑː.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">độ, đạc</i>


vuốt

head

𢴩, 𤢇, 𲃾, 猝, 捽, 孛

vi-verb

𢴩, 𤢇, 𲃾, 猝, 捽, 孛

𢴩 (CJK)
𤢇 (CJK)
𲃾 (CJK)
猝 (CJK)
捽 (CJK)
孛 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ʔa-pɔːt, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *puut ~ *puət (“to rub, to stroke”). Cognate with Arem apùət, Riang puət¹, Khasi syrpud (“to rub gently”), Mon ဗဗတ် (həpòt, “to rub”), Khmer ពួត (puət, “to rub”), Khmu [Cuang] rmpɔːt.

inh

to caress, to stroke (as in "to stroke a dog's head")


đỡ

head

拖, 𠰹, 㐌, 󱘮, 󱚝

đỡ • (拖, 𠰹, 㐌, 󱘮, 󱚝)

vi-verb

拖, 𠰹, 㐌, 󱘮, 󱚝

đỡ • (拖, 𠰹, 㐌, 󱘮, 󱚝)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 助 (“to help”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

vi-etym-sino

to raise (someone) from a fall; to lift up

to take in one's hands (what is offered, given); to help down with some load

Không có một tiếng vạc sành kêu cho đỡ buồn.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 8, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

Not one cricket chirped to reduce the sadness.

to reduce (a negative emotion or situation); to relieve

Em đỡ chưa?

to get better (after falling sick); to recover

Short for đỡ đẻ (“to deliver (a woman in childbirth)”).


cạn

From Proto-Vietic *gaːnʔ, from Old Chinese 旱 (*ɡaːnʔ) (SV: hạn); cognate with Arem kɑːnˀ.

Cạn chén !
Kanpai!

Cho nên – Ông cạn một ly rượu nữa – Chú cứ đi đi!

2001, Chu Lai, Cuộc đời dài lắm, NXB Văn học, page 231:

"[…] So," — he downed another glass of rice wine — "just go! […]"


lưu ý

[lɨw˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[lɨw˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]


hả

to lose flavour, scent, etc. from evaporation; to taste flat


hả

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to open (one's mouth)


thí

của thí

bố thí

to conceitedly give away as if the recipient were a beggar

(disapproving) to conceitedly give away (something)

cờ bí thí tốt

when in a pinch in a game of xiangqi, sacrifice your soldiers; when in a pinch, sacrifice your underlings

thí mạng

(disapproving) to sacrifice (something or someone) when in a pinch


hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回 (“to return; occurrence classifier; chapter classifier”).

(literary) to be back in good shape or a calm and collected state of consciousness


trẫm

Compare Chinese 沉 (MC drim, “submerge”) (Zhengzhang) (SV: trầm).

late 17th - early 18th c., anonymous author, Thiên Nam Ngữ Lục Ngoại Kỷ (Peripheral Records in the Language of the Southern Sky)

She then drowned herself in the river; her fair spirit a-fleeting, her rosy cheeks a-drifting

Thôi bèn trẫm mình xuống sông. Hồn hoa phảng phất, má hồng lênh đênh.


vuốt ve

[vuət̚˧˦ vɛ˧˧]

[vuək̚˦˧˥ vɛ˧˧]

[vuək̚˦˥ vɛ˧˧]

[juək̚˦˥ jɛ˧˧]


chờ đợi

[t͡ɕəː˨˩ ʔɗəːj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəː˦˩ ʔɗəːj˨˩ʔ]

[cəː˨˩ ʔɗəːj˨˩˨]


lên ngôi

[ləːn˧˧ ŋoj˧˧]

lên (“ascend, climb up, up”) + ngôi (“seat, throne”).

com

Chiêu Thánh Công chúa lên ngôi năm 1224 gọi là Lý Chiêu Hoàng, trở thành nữ hoàng duy nhất trong lịch sử Việt Nam.
Princess Chiêu Thánh ascended to the throne in 1224, called Lý Chiêu Hoàng, she is the only female emperor in Vietnam.


chập

to join; to fasten; to merge (two things together)


chắp

Compare Khmer ជាប់ (cŏəp), Mon စပ် (cɔp). See also chập.

chắp tay


đam mê

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ me˧˧]

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ mej˧˧]

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ mej˧˧]


toạ lạc

[twaː˧˨ʔ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[twaː˨˩ʔ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˨ laːk̚˨˩˨]


xạo

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 巧 (“skillful”, SV: xảo).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xảo</i>


vùng

Cô gái loạng choạng vùng chạy khỏi Maca, máu loang lổ trên ra giường, máu vương theo những bước chân cô…

2016, Trầm Hương, Trong cơn lốc xoáy, part I, NXB Phụ nữ, page 22:

The girl feebly struggled away from Maca, blood running over the bed and spraying after her footsteps.


nói lái

[nɔj˨˩˦ laːj˨˩˦]

The lái element is likely related to trại (as in đọc trại (“to deviate in pronunciation”), nói trại).

to switch the rhymes (or also tones) of the syllables of a disyllabic word, or two syllables of a tetrasyllabic set phrase, in a fashion similar to the use of spoonerism in English or contrepèterie in French


thác

16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of Truyền kỳ mạn lục ("Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales") by Nguyễn Dữ.

蔑𲈾戶石及禍㐱托𥪞獄

Disaster struck the whole Thạch family, they then all died while in prison.

Một cửa họ Thạch gặp hoạ/vạ, chỉn thác trong ngục.

Năm 1909, nhân vụ nhà Cách-mạng Triều-tiên là An-trọng-Căn ám sát viên Tổng-giám (từc[sic] Tuyền-quyền) nước Nhựt-bản là Y-Đằng Bác-Văn nên bị án tử-hình, Mai-sơn Tiên-sinh có làm đôi câu-đối truy-điệu nhà Cách-mạng Triều-tiên như sau :
« Thân tại Tam-Hàn danh vạn quốc.
Sinh phi bách tuế tử thiên thu. »
Nghĩa là :
« Người tuy ở đất Tam-Hàn, mà thanh-danh thì lẫy-lừng vạn quốc.
Sống tuy không đầy trăm tuổi, nhưng thác còn lưu tiếng đến ngàn thu. »

1965, “NGÀY XUÂN [SPRING DAY]”, in MINH TÂN, page 58:

In 1909, in the wake of the assassination of Japan’s Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi at the hands of the Korean revolutionary An Jung-geun, which resulted in his execution, Mr. Mai Sơn dedicated a duilian to the Korean revolutionary:
“Body in the Three Han, name in the myriad lands.
Life not 100 years, death 1000 autumns.”
That is to say:
“While your person was in Korea, your renown was international.
While your life did not last 100 years, your death shall be remembered forever.”

(archaic, literary) Synonym of chết (“to die”)


nhận ra

[ɲən˧˨ʔ zaː˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ ʐaː˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˨˩˨ ɹaː˧˧]

Ông này đi chân đất, mặc áo cũ, không hoạt bát gì cả. Có thể là các thầy ở chùa không nhận ra đó là Bụt.

2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 329:

He went barefoot, wore old clothes, was not vivacious at all. Maybe the monks in the pagoda did not realize he was the Buddha.


giải thoát

[jaːj˧˨ tʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

to set (oneself or others) free; to liberate; to save; to deliver


lắc đầu

[lak̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[lak̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[lak̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, "Cánh đồng bất tận" chapter 5 (in Cánh đồng bất tận), Trẻ publishing house
Đứa con gái chị chủ nhà trạc tuổi thằng Điền, rủ chúng tôi vào nhà chơi. Nhưng nó luôn nhận được những cái lắc đầu.
The daughter of the woman who lived there was of an age with Điền and invited us over. But she always met with headshakes.


phân biệt

[fən˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân biệt.wav

phân biệt đối xử

phân biệt chủng tộc

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, "Cánh đồng bất tận" chapter 4 (in Cánh đồng bất tận), Trẻ publishing house
Nhờ Điền bị rắn hổ đất cắn mà chúng tôi biết được cách phân biệt vết răng của rắn độc.
Thanks to Điền being bitten by a monocled cobra we learned to distinguish bites of venomous snakes.

to distinguish; to discriminate; to discern


giật mình

[zət̚˧˨ʔ mïŋ˨˩]

[jək̚˨˩ʔ mɨn˦˩]

[jək̚˨˩˨ mɨn˨˩]

giật cả mình

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, "Cánh đồng bất tận" chapter 6 (in Cánh đồng bất tận), Trẻ publishing house
Hai đứa tôi đều kỳ dị, đến mức nhiều khi tự giật mình.
The two of us were weird, so much so that we often startled ourselves.


gật đầu

[ɣət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ɣək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ɣək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩]


đăng nhập

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]


đăng xuất

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ swət̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ swək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]


thiêu

thiêu rụi

Ngọn lửa thiêu rụi cả toà nhà.

The fire burnt the whole building to the ground.

tự thiêu

thiêu thân

(transitive, usually of fire itself, uncommonly of people) to burn


nhức

nhức đầu


nợ

head

nợ • (女, 𡢻, 𦬑, 𧴱)

vi-verb

nợ • (女, 𡢻, 𦬑, 𧴱)

Tai Dam: ꪹꪙꪷ꫁

From Proto-Vietic *b-rn-əːʔ, the n-infixed form of *bəːʔ (whence bợ). Cognate with Chut [Mày] panɯ⁴ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).
Compare Khmer បំណុល (bɑmnol, “debt”), which has an unrelated root but with similar meaning infixed with the same cognate infix.


phân bố

[fən˧˧ ʔɓo˧˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân bố.wav


dắt

head

㩫, 迭, 逸, 𢩮, 𢴑, 𦄵, 𪮽

vi-verb

㩫, 迭, 逸, 𢩮, 𢴑, 𦄵, 𪮽

㩫 (CJK)
迭 (CJK)
逸 (CJK)
𢩮 (CJK)
𢴑 (CJK)
𦄵 (CJK)
𪮽 (CJK)

dắt chó đi dạo

dắt trâu đi cày

dắt xe đạp ra khỏi nhà


chiếm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 佔, sometimes written as 占.


hướng

(figurative) luôn hướng về tổ quốc

(literally, “to always face toward the motherland”)


trải

From Proto-Vietic *p-laːs (“fathom”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laas (“to spread; to extend”) (via *plaas); cognate with Mon ပၠံး (plah, “to spread out; to extend”), Riang plɑs¹. Related to sải.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 阿賴, composed of 阿 (MC 'a) + 賴 (MC lajH) (modern SV: a lại).

cog

trải chiếu

trải khăn bàn

(by extension) to have experienced; to have gone through


dẫn

Chương trình sẽ dẫn các bé vào thế giới cổ tích phương Đông.

The program will take your children into the world of folklore of the East.

dẫn chương trình

người dẫn truyện

dẫn nguồn

Short for trích dẫn (“to cite or quote”).


nhập

Sino-Vietnamese word from 入 (“to enter; to take in”).

vi-etym-sino

nhập hội/bọn

nhập kho

bị ma/quỷ nhập


chịu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 受 (SV: thụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Tao không chịu nổi thằng cha đó nữa!

I can't put up with that jerk any longer!

Hết cách rồi thì đành chịu thôi.

There's no other choice than to endure it.

Không chịu đâu !

No way! (literally, “I won't tolerate it at all!”)

to endure; to suffer; to tolerate; to put up with

Bài này dễ tao làm được chứ bài đó thì tao chịu.

I can do this one, but I have no idea on that.

Mày biết làm bài này hôn ?
Chịu.
Can you do this one?
Nope.

Thằng Cò đi đâu rồi ?
Chịu. Hỏi bố thử xem.
Where did Cò go?
Dunno. Go ask Dad.

(informal) to have no idea what to do or how to respond

Ba phải nói vậy, con mới chịu nín.

I had to say that just so you would stop crying. (literally, “Dad had to say that, so child would stop crying.”)

to be willing (to); to agree (to); to consent (to)

mua chịu


ngậm

From Proto-Vietic *ŋəmʔ; cognate with Muong ngẫm. Compare also Bolyu ŋəm³¹.


chiêm bao

[t͡ɕiəm˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˧]

[t͡ɕiəm˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˧]

[cim˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 瞻 (“to gaze; to view”) + bao, from Proto-Vietic *s-poː (“to dream”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mp[ɔ]ʔ. Alternatively, along with mồ hôi (“sweat”), mồ côi (“orphaned”) and kì đà (“monitor lizard”), this is one of the few cases where minor syllable was retained, but later came under the influence of a Sino-Vietnamese morpheme.
Cognate with Chut [Rục] cəpoː¹, Chut [Mày] cəmpoː¹, Pacoh mpo, apo, Bahnar apo, Khmu [Cuang] hmpoʔ, Mon လ္ပံ, Sa'och [of Kanchanaburi] pʰoːˀ.

𱢻兜鄭幅萌萌
醒𦋦買別浪命占包

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)^(https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Truyện_Kiều_(bản_Liễu_Văn_Ðường_1866)):

A gust of wind suddenly sent the curtains fluttering,
Only then did she wake up and realized that she was dreaming.

Gió đâu chạnh bức mành mành,
Tỉnh ra mới biết rằng mình chiêm bao.


ngứa

head

𤺶, 𤻔, 𤻭, 語, 馭, 𪽹, 󱗛

vi-verb

𤺶, 𤻔, 𤻭, 語, 馭, 𪽹, 󱗛

𤺶 (CJK)
𤻔 (CJK)
𤻭 (CJK)
語 (CJK)
馭 (CJK)
𪽹 (CJK)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaaʔ (“itch”). Cognate with Muong Bi ngả, Koho lönga (“itching between toes”), Khmu ŋaʔ and Riang ŋɑʔ².

(colloquial, chiefly in compounds) to feel an urge (to do something); to feel uncomfortable; to feel uneasy


dựng

head

𢸞, 鄧, 𢫡, 𥩯, 𨀊, 孕, 󰈭

vi-verb

𢸞, 鄧, 𢫡, 𥩯, 𨀊, 孕, 󰈭

𢸞 (CJK)
鄧 (CJK)
𢫡 (CJK)
𥩯 (CJK)
𨀊 (CJK)
孕 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *pr-təŋʔ ~ *p-dəŋʔ (causative *pr- prefixed form of *təŋʔ, whence đứng). Cognate with Chut [Rục] pətɨŋ⁴. Compare Bahnar pơdơ̆ng.

to make something upstanding; to erect; to raise


nhặt

See lặt. This is originally the Northern form, but have spread to other dialects.


gỡ

head

攑, 𢷣, 𨔉, 𫑀, 𫡛, 𫽻

gỡ • (攑, 𢷣, 𨔉, 𫑀, 𫡛, 𫽻)

vi-verb

攑, 𢷣, 𨔉, 𫑀, 𫡛, 𫽻

gỡ • (攑, 𢷣, 𨔉, 𫑀, 𫡛, 𫽻)

攑 (CJK)
𢷣 (CJK)
𨔉 (CJK)
𫑀 (CJK)
𫡛 (CJK)
𫽻 (CJK)


vỡ

head

vỡ • (𥓶, 𥖑, 𥖓, 𥖖)

vi-verb

vỡ • (𥓶, 𥖑, 𥖓, 𥖖)

dễ vỡ


bóc

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˦˥]

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *pɔɔk (“to peel”). Cognate with Muong póc, Khmer បក (bɑɑk, “to peel”), Mon လ္ပံက်, Semai pook.
Probably unrelated to Old Chinese 剝 (OC *[p]ˤrok) (B-S) (SV: bác) and Thai ปอก (bpɔ̀ɔk), which might be connected with róc, lóc instead.


xoa

Bu nó xoa đầu nó.

Cùng rửa tay xoa xoa xoa xoa đều

2020 February 23, “Ghen Cô Vy”, Khắc Hưng (lyrics)performed by Erik Min, National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, retrieved 2020-03-21:

And wash your hands, rub rub rub rub evenly

to rub, to pat. (to move one object while maintaining contact with another object over some area)

Gia đinh với lính tráng chộn rộn không biết thuốc chi mà cứu, đứa chạy ra, đứa chạy vào, đứa rót nước trà, đứa xoa dầu gió.

Attendants and soldier were flustered, not knowing what medicine could save him. One ran out, another ran in, another poured tea, and still another rubbed medicated ointment.


xưng hô

[sɨŋ˧˧ ho˧˧]

[sɨŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[sɨŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

Trong doanh nghiệp, có đồng nghiệp lớn tuổi và đồng nghiệp nhỏ tuổi, xưng hô bằng chú cháu cũng hay chứ không phải dở, nghe có vẻ thân thiết và thâm tình hơn, nếu muốn xưng bằng tôi và anh cũng được, nghe có vẻ rõ ràng, nhưng gọi bằng tên thì có vẻ hay hơn cả bởi vì tên gợi nhớ đến đặc điểm riêng của đồng nghiệp, giúp ta cảm thấy quen thuộc và gần gũi.

2009, Minh Thạnh, Áp dụng tinh thần Phật giáo: Xây dựng văn hóa doanh nghiệp [Applying the Buddhist spirit: Building a business culture], page 153:

In a business with both older and younger colleagues, addressing each other with chú and cháu is okay and not wrong — it sounds more intimate and affectionate; addressing each other with tôi and anh is also good — it sounds more accurate; but calling each other by name seems more catchy, as it calls to a particular attribute of one's colleague, making people more familiar and close.

'Cái khó nhất đối với tôi trong tiếng Việt là không biết xưng hô thế nào cho đúng. Tôi nghĩ rằng để giỏi tiếng Việt cần phải thực hành giao tiếp thường xuyên với người Việt.'

2017 May 19, Đ. Tuấn, “Hội thảo 'Giữ gìn, bảo vệ ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Việt' tại Pháp [A workshop on 'Maintaining, preserving the Vietnamese language and culture' in France]”, in Nhân Dân, Communist Party of Vietnam, retrieved 2019-04-02:

'The hardest part of Vietnamese to me is not knowing how to address people correctly. I think to be skilled in Vietnamese, you have to stay in regular contact with Vietnamese people.'


vượt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 越 (SV: việt). Doublet of Việt.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">việt</i>

vi-etym-sino

(chạy) vượt rào

to jump over a fence or hurdle; to hurdle

vượt đèn đỏ


phồng

[pʰoŋ˧˧ ~ foŋ˧˧]

Compare phùng (as in phùng mang trợn mắt).


xài

Possibly related to Khmer ចាយ (caay), Ruching Palaung chāī, Cantonese 使 (sai2, “to use; to spend (money)”), 嘥 (saai1).

cog

(Southern Vietnam, informal, colloquial) to use

(Southern Vietnam, informal, colloquial) to spend (money)


xưng

Mình xưng nhau bằng chị em đi.
Let's address one another with chị em.


lùi

to move backward; to step back; to retreat


lùi

mía lùi


trượt

[t͡ɕɨət̚˧˨ʔ]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trượt.wav

From Proto-Vietic *b-laːt (“to slip”). Compare Central and Southern Vietnamese trợt.
See also Proto-Tai *blaːtᴰ (“to slip and fall”) (whence Thai พลัด (plát)).


độn

độn ngực/vú

(by extension) to implant (into something)


trèo

From Proto-Vietic *g-lɛːw, whence also leo. Cognate with Muong tlèo and Tho [Cuối Chăm] klɛːw².

trèo cây

trèo tường


khơi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 開 (SV: khai). Compare also khươi.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khai</i>


khỏi

(intransitive) to recover from, or be cured of (sickness)

(transitive) to avoid; to shun; to escape; to evade; to keep away from; to refrain from; to save (from)

(intransitive, after a verb) to leave (from); to separate (from); to cut off (from)


thao thao bất tuyệt

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧ ʔɓət̚˧˦ twiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ twiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːw˧˧ tʰaːw˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

to ramble (to talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions)


bạch thoại

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʰwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ tʰwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]


phó

(only in compounds) to leave, to entrust


nhắm

mắt nhắm mắt mở

(literally, “one eye closed, one eye open”)

chết không nhắm mắt

(shooting, archery) to aim, especially with one eye closed

(figurative, usually followed by tới to đến) to be trying to reach an aim


nhắm

Em ơi, còn gì để anh nhắm rượu với Quang không ?

Honey, is there anything left for Quang and me to nibble on over some shots?

(alcoholism) to eat at a leisure pace with alcohol


dịu

to soften; to abate; to lower; to ease off


trồng cây chuối

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧ t͡ɕuəj˧˦]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩ kəj˧˧ t͡ɕuj˨˩˦]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧ cuj˦˥]


vớt

to pull something out (of water, etc.) using a tool


thưa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 疏 (SV: sớ).
For the tonal correspondence between Vietnamese A tones (ngang-huyền) and Qieyun system C tone (去聲), see also đôi, cùng, bèn. See Alves (2018) for some more discussion.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sớ</i>

vi-etym-sino

to tell somebody something in a respectful way


lẩm bẩm

[ləm˧˩ ʔɓəm˧˩]

[ləm˧˨ ʔɓəm˧˨]

[ləm˨˩˦ ʔɓəm˨˩˦]

to mumble, to mutter, especially angrily or indignantly


thở dài

[tʰəː˧˩ zaːj˨˩]

[tʰəː˧˨ jaːj˦˩]

[tʰəː˨˩˦ jaːj˨˩]

thở (“to exhale; to breathe”) + dài (“long”).

af

thở dài thườn thượt


sình

chết sình

sình bụng


thủ

Tao cho nó mượn rồi nó thủ luôn.

I lent it to him and now he just keeps it.

(informal) to keep (something not yours as your own)


nhậu

From Proto-Vietic *ɲuːʔ (“to drink”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲuuʔ (“to suck up, to drink”); cognate with Koho nyu (“to drink alcohols”), Samtao ɲɯ́ʔ, Teressa nyūḵ, Santali ᱧᱩ (ñu, “to drink”).
It originally meant "to drink" and might accept, as direct object, any drinkable liquid; "nhậu" ('bibere / to drink') and "nhậu nước" ('aquam potare / to drink water') were attested in Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1772; 1838).

inh

(colloquial) to drink (alcohol); to have drinks and hors d'oeuvres


ngập ngừng

head

ngập ngừng (‑a reduplication ngập ngà ngập ngừng)

[ŋəp̚˧˨ʔ ŋɨŋ˨˩]

[ŋəp̚˨˩ʔ ŋɨŋ˦˩]

[ŋəp̚˨˩˨ ŋɨŋ˨˩]


nướng

From Proto-Vietic *ɗaːŋʔ (“to roast”). Compare Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects náng, Maleng daːŋ³.

cá nướng

(cooking) to roast or grill (usually meat or fish) directly over fire or charcoal; compare quay (“to spit-roast”) and rang (“to roast in a pan”)

lò nướng bánh

(colloquial) to be shorn of (money); to lose; to squander


nhầm

(Northern Vietnam) Alternative form of lầm (“to be mistaken”)


hâm mộ

[həm˧˧ mo˧˨ʔ]

người hâm mộ


tuần tra

[twən˨˩ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[twəŋ˦˩ ʈaː˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩ ʈaː˧˧]

đi tuần tra

tàu tuần tra


cưỡi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 騎 (SV: kị).
Also compare Burmese စီး (ci:), Khmer ជិះ (cih), ꊪ (zy, “to cause to ride”), Thai ขี่ (kìi), Lao ຂີ່ (khī), Zhuang gwih, White Hmong caij, Proto-Austronesian *sakay (“catch a ride, join a group, ride on something”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kị</i>


chìm

head

chìm (reduplication chìm lỉm, chìm nghỉm)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 沉 (“sink”, SV: trầm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trầm</i>

vi-etym-sino

to be sunk; to be submerged; to be immersed


khởi nghiệp

[xəːj˧˩ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəːj˧˨ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[xəːj˧˨ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəːj˨˩˦ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

[xəːj˨˩˦ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 起業, composed of 起 (“to initiate”) and 業 (“career”).


bùng nổ

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ no˧˩]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˦˩ now˧˨]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ now˨˩˦]

From bùng (“to rise up, to became big”) + nổ (“to explode”).


thèm

head

噞, 噡, 饞, 𡅩, 𩝎

vi-verb

噞, 噡, 饞, 𡅩, 𩝎

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 饞 (SV: sàm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sàm</i>

vi-etym-sino

Không/Hổng thèm!

I don't care for that! / I don't want that anyways!


rút

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruc ~ *ruuc ~ *ruəc (“to retreat, to withdraw”); cognate with Muong rúch and Koho ruch. Compare also Sora rɔɟ ("to pull off grain from stalks, to strip"). Related to rụt and rứt.

to draw (lesson, experience, conclusion, etc.)


ghét cay ghét đắng

[ɣɛt̚˧˦ kaj˧˧ ɣɛt̚˧˦ ʔɗaŋ˧˦]

[ɣɛt̚˦˧˥ kaj˧˧ ɣɛt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥]

[ɣɛk̚˦˥ ka(ː)j˧˧ ɣɛk̚˦˥ ʔɗaŋ˦˥]

From ghét (“hate”) + cay (“spicy”) + ghét + đắng (“bitter”).

com

(idiomatic) to have an extreme and utter hatred


nỗ lực

[no˦ˀ˥ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[now˧˨ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[now˨˩˦ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

nỗ lực không ngừng


nuôi

From Proto-Vietic *ɗoːj (“to feed”); cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] doːj¹.


giơ

From Proto-Vietic *k-jəː; cognate with Muong dơ, Tho [Cuối Chăm] jəː¹.

giơ tay lên


thì thầm

[tʰi˨˩ tʰəm˨˩]

[tʰɪj˦˩ tʰəm˦˩]

[tʰɪj˨˩ tʰəm˨˩]


ngẫm nghĩ

[ŋəm˦ˀ˥ ŋi˦ˀ˥]

[ŋəm˧˨ ŋɪj˧˨]

[ŋəm˨˩˦ ŋɪj˨˩˦]

From ngẫm (“to meditate”) + nghĩ (“to think”).


vặn

From Proto-Vietic *vaɲʔ (“to twist”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *wiɲ ~ *wiiɲ ~ *wəɲ ~ *waɲʔ (“to twist, turn, go round”). Cognate with Muong Bi wãnh, Proto-Katuic *waɲ (“to twist, wring”) (whence Pacoh véinh).


cựa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 距 (“spur”, SV: cự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cự</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) to disentangle; to extricate oneself


chống

head

𢶢, 棟, 挵, 証, 證

vi-verb

𢶢, 棟, 挵, 証, 證

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

From Proto-Vietic *coːŋʔ.
Semantically, compare 撐／撑 (chēng), such as 撐拒／撑拒 with chống cự and 俯臥撐／俯卧撑 (fǔwòchēng) with chống đẩy.

to prop up; to lean on (by using a stick-like object)


thả

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 赦 (“to pardon”, SV: xá). Also compare xả, tha.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xá</i>

vi-etym-sino

thả like

(neologism, slang) to send out (affection, etc.); to give


mần

From Proto-Vietic *mən; cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] mʌn².

Mần chi rứa?

(Central Vietnam, humorous elsewhere) to do, to work


nở

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to give birth (to a child)


hiện diện

[hiən˧˨ʔ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[hiəŋ˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hiəŋ˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 現 (“to appear”) and 面 (“face”).
This is apparently an internal calque, formed rather recently by sinicizing the native compound có mặt (“to be present (at)”). An early attestation of the term is in Tân thơ tổng lý qui điều (1905) (translated into Vietnamese from an earlier book).


có mặt

[kɔ˧˦ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˨˩˦ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˦˥ mak̚˨˩˨]

From có (“to have”) + mặt (“face”).
The synonym hiện diện is apparently an internal calque, formed by sinicizing the elements of this compound.

Tôi đang có mặt tại Shoreditch, nằm ở phía đông của Luân Đôn.

2014 November 22, “Bánh mì Việt 'đang có chỗ đứng ở London' (video)”, in BBC Vietnamese:

I'm now in Shoreditch, in the east of London.


rọc

[ʐawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

to cut paper by folding it and slicing it by the fold


nghẹn

From Proto-Vietic *ŋɛːnʔ (“to choke (while eating)”).


tiếp xúc

[tiəp̚˧˦ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(geometry, of a circle or a line) to touch


lặn

thợ lặn

Cái thằng lặn đâu mất rồi? Hôm nay đến lượt nó trực nhật.

Where's he hiding? It's his turn to do class chores.

Nó lặn mất tăm rồi. Nó trốn khỏi bọn đòi nợ.

He's gone for good. He's hiding from debt collectors.


héo

From Proto-Vietic *hɛːwʔ. Compare Thai เหี่ยว (hìao).


ghi nhớ

[ɣi˧˧ ɲəː˧˦]

[ɣɪj˧˧ ɲəː˨˩˦]

[ɣɪj˧˧ ɲəː˦˥]

From ghi (“to record”) + nhớ (“to remember”).


ngước

From Proto-Mon-Khmer; cognate with Mon လ္ၚာ် (təŋàik, “to look up, upwards”) and Eastern Bru ta.ŋə̤ːʔ.


khâm phục

[xəm˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəm˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xəm˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəm˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[xəm˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


bãi bỏ

head

bãi bỏ • (𡓁𠬕)

vi-verb

bãi bỏ • (𡓁𠬕)

[ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ ʔɓɔ˧˩]

[ʔɓaːj˧˨ ʔɓɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɔ˨˩˦]


tóm tắt

[tɔm˦˧˥ tak̚˦˧˥]


sắm

The original meaning of this word was "to prepare", as seen in sắm sửa, and was also glossed as præparare in the Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838).

(somewhat literary) to buy (something special)


thắt

head

失, 抶, 紩, 𢫅, 𬂥

vi-verb

失, 抶, 紩, 𢫅, 𬂥

thắt nút

thắt giày/cà vạt/nơ/dây an toàn

to tie/tighten/fasten your shoes/necktie/bowtie/seatbelt

thắt lưng

thắt lưng buộc bụng

thắt cổ (tự tử/tự vẫn)

to tighten or fasten by knotting or anchoring a string, rope, belt or noose; compare buộc/cột (“to tie”, in general, loosely or tightly) and siết (“to tighten with a grip, stranglehold or chokehold”)


liên kết

[liəŋ˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[liəŋ˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 連結. Compare 鏈接／链接 (liànjiē).

đặt liên kết đến trang bên ngoài


thắt lưng

[tʰat̚˧˦ lɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ lɨŋ˧˧]

[tʰak̚˦˥ lɨŋ˧˧]

tighten one's belt
tighten one's belt#English


cột

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *gut ~ *gat ~ *guət (“to tie, knot”); cognate with Mon ဂတ် (“to knot, to tie”), Sa'och [of Kanchanaburi] kʰoːt and Pacoh coat (“to tie a knot”).


ví dụ

[vɪj˨˩˦ jʊw˨˩ʔ]

[vɪj˦˥ jʊw˨˩˨]

[jɪj˦˥ jʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-Ví dụ.wav

From Middle Vietnamese ꞗí dù, with the first element being the predecessor of modern ví (“to compare”). Probably modeled after thí dụ.


đoàn kết

[ʔɗwaːn˨˩ ket̚˧˦]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩ ket̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ kəːt̚˦˥]


hông

From Proto-Vietic *k-hoːŋ; cognate with Chut [Rục] kəhoːŋ¹, Tho [Cuoi Cham] kʰɔːŋ¹
.


phỏng vấn

[fawŋ͡m˧˨ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˧˨ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩˦ vəŋ˦˥]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩˦ jəŋ˦˥]


xả

Possibly Sino-Vietnamese word from 捨 ("to discard")

xả nước

xả súng

to spray bullets; to commit a mass shooting


kinh doanh

[kïŋ˧˧ zwajŋ̟˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ jwɛɲ˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ j⁽ʷ⁾an˧˧]


thiết lập

[tʰiət̚˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˦˧˥ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]


nảy

From Proto-Vietic *k-ɗas (“to bounce”). Compare Proto-Katuic *-ɗas (“to leap, bounce, flit”).


biến mất

[ʔɓiən˧˦ mət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ mək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ mək̚˦˥]


nhủi

From Proto-Vietic *ɲuːs. Compare Khmu [Lue] kɲus ("to push away").


tái lập

[taːj˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[taːj˨˩˦ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[taːj˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 再 (“again”) and 立 (“to establish”).


gọt

head

搰, 𠚯, 𠞡, 𤮾, 𨪷

vi-verb

搰, 𠚯, 𠞡, 𤮾, 𨪷

From Proto-Vietic *t-kɔːc. Compare Proto-Katuic *kɔɔc (“to sharpen, to whittle”) (whence Pacoh coiq).


đút

head

đút • (揬, 賥)

vi-verb

đút • (揬, 賥)

From Proto-Vietic *tuːt ~ *nsuːt. Related to nút through an infixed form.

đút tay vào túi quần

đút túi

to pocket (some money, literally or figuratively)

to slide/slip (something into a small opening)


chừng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 程 (SV: trình).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trình</i>


vấp

to meet with (difficulty); to come up against


rúc

[ʐʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


rúc

[ʐʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


tưới

bình tưới

to provide plants or crops with water; to water, sprinkle, irrigate, etc.

to cool down or clean of a road or sidewalk, or a part of it, by splashing water over it


đứt

head

怛, 坦, 䋎, 𠝗, 𢯟, 𱹶, 𬗥, 𠞹, 𢴑

đứt • (怛, 坦, 䋎, 𠝗, 𢯟, 𱹶, 𬗥, 𠞹, 𢴑)

vi-verb

怛, 坦, 䋎, 𠝗, 𢯟, 𱹶, 𬗥, 𠞹, 𢴑

đứt • (怛, 坦, 䋎, 𠝗, 𢯟, 𱹶, 𬗥, 𠞹, 𢴑)

怛 (CJK)
坦 (CJK)
䋎 (CJK)
𠝗 (CJK)
𢯟 (CJK)
𱹶 (CJK)
𬗥 (CJK)
𠞹 (CJK)
𢴑 (CJK)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ac (“to break, be severed”); cognate with Muong Bi tếch, Khmer ដាច់ (dac), Koho tac (“to cut”), Halang kơtĕk (“to snap, to break (rope)”), Khasi thait (“to snap”), Khmu tec ("torn raggedly"). Compare also dứt.

cog

Dây đàn lên căng quá thì sẽ đứt.

A guitar string would snap if it's under too much tension when tuning.

(intransitive) to break off, to be cut off


lựa

head

捛, 攄, 攎, 蘆, 路, 𡃖

vi-verb

捛, 攄, 攎, 蘆, 路, 𡃖

捛 (CJK)
攄 (CJK)
攎 (CJK)
蘆 (CJK)
路 (CJK)
𡃖 (CJK)


rặn

rặn ị

rặn đẻ

(colloquial) to try to force something out of one's body with difficulty through lower orifices


vắt

From Proto-Vietic *pat, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pat ~ *pac ~ *paac; cognate with Mon ပတ် (pɔt), Halang poat and Kuy pat.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vắt.wav

vắt tay lên trán

to put one's hand to one's forehead (e.g. when concentrating deeply)

vắt chéo chân

vắt áo lên vai

(figurative) vắt chanh bỏ vỏ

to squeeze juice out of a lime then throw its remains away; to abandon someone or something after using them/it

(figurative) vắt óc suy nghĩ

to "squeeze" one's brain; to think very hard; to agonize

(figurative) vắt kiệt sức người lao động

to "squeeze dry" laborers' labor; to force laborers to work as hard as possible without caring about their well-being

to squeeze (a piece of fruit to get juice out of it)


phân loại

[fəŋ˧˧ lwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân loại.wav


vỗ

head

嘸, 憪, 把, 撫, 舞, 𢯞, 𢷵

vỗ • (嘸, 憪, 把, 撫, 舞, 𢯞, 𢷵)

vi-verb

嘸, 憪, 把, 撫, 舞, 𢯞, 𢷵

vỗ • (嘸, 憪, 把, 撫, 舞, 𢯞, 𢷵)

嘸 (CJK)
憪 (CJK)
把 (CJK)
撫 (CJK)
舞 (CJK)
𢯞 (CJK)
𢷵 (CJK)

vỗ tay

vỗ ngực

to (proudly) strike one's chest with one's palm

to hit with a palm; compare tát (“to slap in the face”)

to deny (favour, debt, etc.); to repudiate


chạm

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chạm.wav

cảm biến không chạm


chạm

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鏨 (“engraving object”, SV: tạm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tạm</i>


bán lẻ

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ lɛ˧˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ lɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ lɛ˨˩˦]

to sell goods unwholly, for example, to sell a few cigarettes instead of a whole pack

(by extension) to retail (to sell at retail, or in small quantities directly to customers)


dựa

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *pda(a)ʔ (“to lean on”). Cognate with Muong đựa.

dựa lên/vào tường


nạng

Possibly from an infixed form of a root that gave rise to chạng.


đái dầm

[ʔɗaːj˧˦ zəm˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˦ jəm˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˦˥ jəm˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đái dầm.wav


dấm đài

[zəm˧˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[jəm˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[jəm˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

From đái dầm (“to wet the bed”), generated through the nói lái process.

vi-etym-lai

(euphemistic or humorous) to wet the bed


đắp

head

㙮, 垥, 扱, 揲, 搭, 撘

đắp • (㙮, 垥, 扱, 揲, 搭, 撘)

vi-verb

㙮, 垥, 扱, 揲, 搭, 撘

đắp • (㙮, 垥, 扱, 揲, 搭, 撘)

㙮 (CJK)
垥 (CJK)
扱 (CJK)
揲 (CJK)
搭 (CJK)
撘 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *tap, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Pacoh tâp (“to bury”), Riang [Lang] tap² ("to dam"), Mal tʰap ("to bury"), Mon တိုပ် (“to bury”), Semai tap (“to bury”).

Tối ngủ nhớ đắp mền nha.

Remember to cover yourself with a blanket while sleeping at night.


sống đời

[səwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

sống (“to live; to be alive”) + đời (“generation”); so named because of the plant's remarkable ability for produce bulbils.


nghỉ hưu

[ŋɪj˧˨ hɨw˧˧]

[ŋɪj˨˩˦ hɨw˧˧]


bó tay

[ʔɓɔ˧˦ taj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ taj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˦˥ ta(ː)j˧˧]

Thằng đó nói mãi chả nghe. Tao bó tay với nó luôn.

He never listens to me. I just can't even with him.

(colloquial) to feel hopeless because there is nothing you can do to help or improve a bad situation


tìm thấy

[tim˦˩ tʰəj˨˩˦]


đánh dấu

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ zəw˧˦]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ jəw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗan˦˥ jəw˦˥]


ngăn chặn

[ŋan˧˧ t͡ɕan˧˨ʔ]

[ŋaŋ˧˧ t͡ɕaŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋaŋ˧˧ caŋ˨˩˨]


thông qua

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kwaː˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kwaː˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ waː˧˧]


giảm bớt

[zaːm˧˩ ʔɓəːt̚˧˦]

[jaːm˧˨ ʔɓəːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːm˨˩˦ ʔɓəːk̚˦˥]


chống lại

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[cəwŋ͡m˦˥ laːj˨˩˨]


bỏ lỡ

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ ləː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ ləː˧˨]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ ləː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bỏ lỡ.wav


đánh đồng

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]


phối

to correspond (to); to conform (to); to match

(of non-human animals) to mate, to copulate


vượt qua

[vɨət̚˧˨ʔ kwaː˧˧]

[vɨək̚˨˩ʔ kwaː˧˧]

[vɨək̚˨˩˨ waː˧˧]

[jɨək̚˨˩˨ waː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 越過 (SV: việt qua).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">việt qua</i>


xuất hiện

[swət̚˧˦ hiən˧˨ʔ]

[swək̚˦˧˥ hiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ hiəŋ˨˩˨]

Lời xuất hiện trong xác thịt

The Word Appears in the Flesh (a book presenting beliefs of The Church of Almighty God)


trỏ

ngón trỏ


phổ biến

[fo˧˩ ʔɓiən˧˦]

[fow˧˨ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[fow˨˩˦ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]


thông báo

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

to tell; to report; to advise; to announce


lòi

head

㩡, 磊, 耒, 𡋃, 𢬗

vi-verb

㩡, 磊, 耒, 𡋃, 𢬗

(colloquial) to reveal (something bad that is supposed to be hidden); to show


lắng nghe

[laŋ˧˦ ŋɛ˧˧]

[laŋ˦˧˥ ŋɛ˧˧]

[laŋ˦˥ ŋɛ˧˧]


điểm huyệt

[ʔɗiəm˧˩ hwiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiəm˧˨ hwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗim˨˩˦ wiək̚˨˩˨]

(martial arts) to hit a pressure point, usually to incapacitate someone; to perform the touch of death


bám

head

撼, 禀, 𬨵, 𢵉, 𢶸, 稟, 抸

vi-verb

撼, 禀, 𬨵, 𢵉, 𢶸, 稟, 抸

撼 (CJK)
禀 (CJK)
𬨵 (CJK)
𢵉 (CJK)
𢶸 (CJK)
稟 (CJK)
抸 (CJK)


trổ

From Proto-Vietic *p-loh (“to blossom”), a prefixed form of *ʔa-loh (“to go out”) (whence Chut [Rục] loh¹ ("to go out")). Cognate with Chut [Rục] bloh¹.
The Northern form giỗ (now obsolete?) appeared in the Cách trí giáo khoa thư (革智教科書), composed in the 1920s. See also the triplet giồng (Northern), lôông ((North) Central), trồng (Southern).


đan

head

單, 撣, 攔, 箪, 簞

vi-verb

單, 撣, 攔, 箪, 簞

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁aaɲ; cognates include Khmer ត្បាញ (tbaañ), Bahnar tanh, Khasi thaiñ. Related to nan (“bamboo tape”).

đan hai bàn tay


huýt

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *huuc ~ *huəc; cognates include Koho hoac, Bahnar hôch, Khmer ហួច (huəc).


đùm

From Proto-Vietic *duːm. Compare Proto-Katuic *duom (“wrap, cover”) (whence Pacoh toum (“to wrap”)) and Lamet [Nkris] tuːm ("to hold").


li dị

[lɪj˧˧ jɪj˨˩ʔ]

[lɪj˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]


rớt

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to fail (in one's examination)


vả

From Proto-Vietic *t-pah, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pah ~ *puh ~ *puəh; cognate with Khmer បុះ (boh, “to hit with stick”), Eastern Mnong pah (“to slap”) and Pacoh páh (“to slap”).


đâm

head

đâm • (𠜭, 𠛌, 𨄁, 𨮊)

vi-verb

đâm • (𠜭, 𠛌, 𨄁, 𨮊)

From Proto-Vietic *təm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁iim ~ *t₁iəm ~ *t₁əm ~ *t₁a(i)m ~ *t₁(u)m. Cognate with Pacoh tứm (“to hit”), Khmer ដំ (dɑm, “to beat”), Parauk tiiem: (“to hit, to hammer”).


đâm

(colloquial) to turn into (usually something bad or worse); to become


thực tập

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ təp̚˨˩˨]

thực tập sinh

to take an internship, apprenticeship or on-the-job training; of teachers-to-be in particular, to actually conduct a class as a teacher, as opposed to kiến tập


chóng mặt

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˦ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˦˧˥ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕɔŋ˦˧˥ mak̚˨˩ʔ]


trúng gió

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦ zɔ˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ jɔ˨˩˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˥ jɔ˦˥]

trúng (“to get hit with”) + gió (“harmful wind”).

af

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) to have a fever after being exposed to gió (sense 2)


nhường

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 讓 (“to give way”, SV: nhượng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhượng</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhường đường

nhường chồng cho bồ

(of wife) to give up one's husband to the mistress

to give up (something one wants or has to someone else), to relinquish, to give way


bao gồm

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ ɣom˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ ɣom˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ ɣom˨˩]


khám bệnh

[xaːm˧˦ ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[kʰaːm˦˧˥ ʔɓen˨˩ʔ]

[xaːm˦˧˥ ʔɓen˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaːm˦˥ ʔɓəːn˨˩˨]

[xaːm˦˥ ʔɓəːn˨˩˨]

First attested near the end of the 19ᵗʰ century. Earlier records show both the forms of khám bệnh and khán bệnh, hence likely an assimilated (-n b > -m b) non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 看病 (“to examine a patient”, SV: khán bệnh).
Nowadays perceived as a compound of khám (“to examine”) + bệnh (“disease”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khán bệnh</i>

vi-etym-sino

(of a doctor) to medically examine a patient; (of a patient) to (go to) see the doctor


tình nguyện

[tïŋ˨˩ ŋwiən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩˨]


hỏi thăm

[hɔj˨˩˦ tʰam˧˧]

gọi điện hỏi thăm gia đình

to check in on, check on or call in on someone


loanh quanh

[lwɛɲ˧˧ kwɛɲ˧˧]

to walk around in a small region or area


bạn bè

[ʔɓaːn˧˨ʔ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓɛ˨˩]


thăm

head

𠶀, 探, 深, 𠽄, 𠽉, 𡂹, 㖭

vi-verb

𠶀, 探, 深, 𠽄, 𠽉, 𡂹, 㖭

𠶀 (CJK)
探 (CJK)
深 (CJK)
𠽄 (CJK)
𠽉 (CJK)
𡂹 (CJK)
㖭 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 探 (SV: tham, thám).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tham, thám</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Southern Vietnam) to (clinically) examine


cường hóa

Alternative spelling of cường hoá (“to physically enhance”)


cường hoá

[kɨəŋ˨˩ hwaː˧˦]

[kɨəŋ˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[kɨəŋ˨˩ waː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 強化 (“to strengthen”).


ví

From Old Chinese 比 (OC *C.pijʔ) (B-S) (SV: tỉ). Compare bì.
There appears to be significant mutual influence between this etymology and the one below, to the extent that it might not be immediately obvious which compounds ally to which etymology.

(literary) to compare, to link to, to liken


vợt

Compare vớt (“to scoop, to pull out from water”).


băm

From Proto-Vietic *bam; cognates include Malieng pɐmpɐm². Cognate with bằm.


húc

[hʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

húc vào đầu gối


khoanh

From Proto-Vietic *k-vɛːŋ (“to cross (arms, legs)”); whence also quanh.

inh

khoanh tay

khoanh chân/bộ

to cross your legs so you can sit in a sukhasana pose

to roll up; to coil up; to cross (legs or arms)

khoanh đáp án đúng

to circle (to place or mark a circle around)


đục

From Proto-Vietic *duːk, from some form of Chinese 鑿 (OC *[dz]ˤawk) (B-S) (SV: tạc). Cognate with Thavung tuk⁷ ("burin"), Iu Mien zuqc and White Hmong txaug.

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


đục

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

đục phù mỏ

to give a beating until the opponent's lips are busted

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to punch; to throw a punch


giao tiếp

[jaːw˧˧ tiəp̚˦˧˥]


hoàn thiện

[hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩ tʰiəŋ˨˩˨]


khởi hành

[xəːj˧˩ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[kʰəːj˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩]

[xəːj˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩]

[kʰəːj˨˩˦ han˨˩]

[xəːj˨˩˦ han˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 起行, composed of 起 (“to start”) and 行 (“to go”).


chữa bệnh

[t͡ɕɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨə˧˨ ʔɓen˨˩ʔ]

[cɨə˨˩˦ ʔɓəːn˨˩˨]


trúng thực

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˥ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中食, composed of 中 (“to be hit by; to suffer from”) and 食 (“food”).

to have an upset stomach from eating poisonous or stale food; to have food poisoning


thoả mãn

[tʰwaː˧˩ maːn˦ˀ˥]

[tʰwaː˧˨ maːŋ˧˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦ maːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妥 (“suitable; adequate”) and 滿 (“full; satisfied”).


niêm phong

[niəm˧˧ fɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 粘 (“to stick”) and 封 (“to seal; to close”).


nhịn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 忍 (“to endure”, SV: nhẫn).
For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also phím, kịp, kín, tim.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhẫn</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhịn đói/ăn

nhịn tiểu

to refrain oneself from fulfilling their physical needs

nhẫn nhịn

Một điều nhịn chín điều lành.

It's always a good idea not to engage in fights.


nhắc

head

弋, 𢩮, 𧿑, 𠲤, 𢲦, 噎, 掿, 󱹨/⿰扌⿱若心

nhắc • (弋, 𢩮, 𧿑, 𠲤, 𢲦, 噎, 掿, 󱹨/⿰扌⿱若心)

vi-verb

弋, 𢩮, 𧿑, 𠲤, 𢲦, 噎, 掿, 󱹨/⿰扌⿱若心

nhắc • (弋, 𢩮, 𧿑, 𠲤, 𢲦, 噎, 掿, 󱹨/⿰扌⿱若心)

弋 (CJK)
𢩮 (CJK)
𧿑 (CJK)
𠲤 (CJK)
𢲦 (CJK)
噎 (CJK)
掿 (CJK)

Alternative form of nhấc (“to lift; to raise”)


khám

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勘. Senses #2-3 are possibly contaminated by khán (看, “to see”) (as in khán bệnh (看病)). Also see khám bệnh.

lệnh khám nhà

to examine carefully (for evidence of crime, etc.); to search; to ransack; to check

khám bụng

khám sức khoẻ

đi khám bác sĩ


chữa

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trị</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 治 (SV: trị)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 助 (SV: trợ)


nhờ

Cognate with Chut [Mày] kaɲɤ² ("to ask for") (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).

to have recourse to; to ask (someone to do something)


súc

[ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

súc miệng

to wash your mouth by stirring up water in it, possibly including gargling water in your throat

nước súc miệng

Đi súc miệng đi.

to wash something hollow by stirring up water in it


súc

[ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(only in compounds) to keep, rear, raise animals


nhá

From Proto-Vietic *s-ɲaːʔ (“to chew; to masticate”).

inh

(especially of an old person) to chew (carefully, usually something hard to eat); to masticate

(telephony) to ring someone and then immediately hang up so that they'll call you back and get charged for you


chịu đựng

[t͡ɕiw˧˨ʔ ʔɗɨŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ciw˨˩˨ ʔɗɨŋ˨˩˨]

chịu (“to suffer”) + đựng (“to contain”).

com

Khả năng chịu đựng


kết nối

[kəːt̚˦˥ noj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-kết nối.wav


du mục

[zu˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


sụt sịt

[sut̚˧˨ʔ sit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂʊk̚˨˩ʔ ʂit̚˨˩ʔ]

[sʊk̚˨˩ʔ sit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂɨt̚˨˩˨]

[sʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ sɨt̚˨˩˨]

Đã bảo là đừng có nghịch mưa! Giờ sụt sịt rồi, thấy chưa?

I told you not to play in the rain! Now you're snifflin' and stuff!


xoay

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xoay.wav


tồn tại

[toŋ˦˩ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[toŋ˨˩ taːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 存在 (“to exist”). In the sense of "deficiency" it is a clipping of vấn đề còn tồn tại (“still-existing issue”).

clipping

Tồn tại hay không tồn tại – đó là vấn đề.

To be, or not to be, that is the question:

Tôi tư duy, nên tôi tồn tại.


rình

head

伶, 侱, 偵, 情, 睈, 𠴔, 𨉑

vi-verb

伶, 侱, 偵, 情, 睈, 𠴔, 𨉑

伶 (CJK)
侱 (CJK)
偵 (CJK)
情 (CJK)
睈 (CJK)
𠴔 (CJK)
𨉑 (CJK)

Con cọp rình mồi.

rình trộm

to prowl, secretly shadow, or be ready to ambush


gượm

head

gượm • (𥊗, 𨇓)

vi-verb

gượm • (𥊗, 𨇓)


nát

(Northern Vietnam) to intimidate, to cow


mua sắm

[muə˧˧ ʂam˦˧˥]

[muə˧˧ ʂam˦˥]


giải thích

[zaːj˧˩ tʰïk̟̚˧˦]

[jaːj˧˨ tʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ tʰɨt̚˦˥]


lo lắng

[lɔ˧˧ laŋ˧˦]

[lɔ˧˧ laŋ˦˧˥]

[lɔ˧˧ laŋ˦˥]

lo lắng về sức khỏe


tán gẫu

[taːn˧˦ ɣəw˦ˀ˥]

[taːŋ˦˧˥ ɣəw˧˨]

[taːŋ˦˥ ɣəw˨˩˦]


cải thiện

[kaːj˧˩ tʰiən˧˨ʔ]

[kaːj˧˨ tʰiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaːj˨˩˦ tʰiəŋ˨˩˨]


lo ngại

[lɔ˧˧ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[lɔ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[lɔ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩˨]

to be worried and afraid; to be concerned; to be apprehensive


giữ gìn

[zɨ˦ˀ˥ zin˨˩]

[jɨ˨˩˦ jɨn˨˩]


suy nghĩ

[swi˧˧ ŋi˦ˀ˥]

[ʂwɪj˧˧ ŋɪj˧˨]

[swɪj˧˧ ŋɪj˧˨]

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ŋɪj˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ŋɪj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-suy nghĩ.wav


chế biến

[t͡ɕe˧˦ ʔɓiən˧˦]

[t͡ɕej˨˩˦ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[cej˦˥ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 製 (“to make/to produce”) and 變 (“to change/to transform”).

vi-etym-sino

to process; to refine; to prepare (especially of raw materials)


nâng cao

[nəŋ˧˧ kaːw˧˧]

[nəŋ˧˧ kaːw˧˧]

[nəŋ˧˧ kaːw˧˧]

nâng cao chất lượng cuộc sống


kiêng

→ Lao: ກຽງ (kīang)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 敬 (“to respect/offer”, SV: kính).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kính</i>

vi-etym-sino

kiêng thịt

to avoid; to refrain (from); to abstain (from)


nhận thức

[ɲən˧˨ʔ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ɲəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

to get to know; to cognise; to realise; to perceive


giải trí

[zaːj˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[jaːj˧˨ ʈɪj˨˩˦]

[jaːj˨˩˦ ʈɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 解智, composed of 解 (“to relieve”) and 智 (“wisdom; mind”).

to amuse; to relax; to entertain oneself


thọ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 壽 (“longevity”).

thọ 70 tuổi

(of an old person of age 60 or above) Clipping of hưởng thọ (“to die at age...”).


kí sinh

[ki˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩˦ ʂɨn˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩˦ sɨn˧˧]

[kɪj˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[kɪj˦˥ sɨn˧˧]


chọi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chọi.wav

to face off (with); to be versus (against)

gà chọi

chọi gà

chọi dế

chọi cá

chọi trâu

to collide; to bump; to slam (objects into each other)


rọi

to beam; to illuminate; to shine; to focus (light)


lướt

head

列, 挒, 掠, 辣, 迾, 𪩤, 𬆒

lướt • (列, 挒, 掠, 辣, 迾, 𪩤, 𬆒)

vi-verb

列, 挒, 掠, 辣, 迾, 𪩤, 𬆒

lướt • (列, 挒, 掠, 辣, 迾, 𪩤, 𬆒)

列 (CJK)
挒 (CJK)
掠 (CJK)
辣 (CJK)
迾 (CJK)
𪩤 (CJK)
𬆒 (CJK)

lướt mạng

to browse the Internet; to surf the Internet


trình bày

[t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ ʔɓaj˨˩]

[ʈɨn˦˩ ʔɓaj˦˩]

[ʈɨn˨˩ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩]


bảo quản

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ kwaːn˧˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩˦]

bảo quản nơi khô ráo

chất bảo quản

to store or preserve (a perishable product)


chấm dứt

[t͡ɕəm˧˦ zɨt̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕəm˦˧˥ jɨk̚˦˧˥]

[cəm˦˥ jɨk̚˦˥]


dao động

[zaːw˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


điều trị

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ ʈɪj˨˩˨]

to receive or give medical treatment; to treat


cấp cứu

[kəp̚˦˧˥ kɨw˨˩˦]

[kəp̚˦˥ kɨw˦˥]

to give emergency treatment; to provide first aid


hành nghề

[hajŋ̟˨˩ ŋe˨˩]

[hɛɲ˦˩ ŋej˦˩]

hành (行, “to practise”) + nghề (“trade; profession”).


cứu chữa

[kiw˧˦ t͡ɕɨə˦ˀ˥]

[kɨw˨˩˦ t͡ɕɨə˧˨]

[kɨw˦˥ cɨə˨˩˦]


dành

head

停, 仃, 𪩧, 𤔷, 𪺓, 𧶄, 󰕣, 𠯼, 𠱷, 𠴔, 爭

dành • (停, 仃, 𪩧, 𤔷, 𪺓, 𧶄, 󰕣, 𠯼, 𠱷, 𠴔, 爭)

vi-verb

停, 仃, 𪩧, 𤔷, 𪺓, 𧶄, 󰕣, 𠯼, 𠱷, 𠴔, 爭

停 (CJK)
仃 (CJK)
𪩧 (CJK)
𤔷 (CJK)
𪺓 (CJK)
𧶄 (CJK)
𠯼 (CJK)
𠱷 (CJK)
𠴔 (CJK)
爭 (CJK)

dành thời gian


dứt

head

𢴑, 𠞹, 𦄵, 悉, 弋, 𢩮, 󱫘, 怛

vi-verb

𢴑, 𠞹, 𦄵, 悉, 弋, 𢩮, 󱫘, 怛

𢴑 (CJK)
𠞹 (CJK)
𦄵 (CJK)
悉 (CJK)
弋 (CJK)
𢩮 (CJK)
怛 (CJK)

trời dứt mưa


ăn xin

[ʔaŋ˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]


thư giãn

[tʰɨ˧˧ zaːn˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɨ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˨]

[tʰɨ˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩˦]


kéo dài

[kɛw˨˩˦ jaːj˦˩]


mong muốn

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ muəŋ˦˧˥]

[mɔŋ˧˧ muəŋ˦˧˥]

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ muəŋ˦˥]

mong (“to hope, to expect, to long for”) + muốn (“to want”).

com

có tác dụng (như) mong muốn


tăng cường

[taŋ˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]

[taŋ˧˧ kɨəŋ˦˩]

[taŋ˧˧ kɨəŋ˨˩]


mất ngủ

[mət̚˧˦ ŋu˧˩]

[mək̚˦˧˥ ŋʊw˧˨]

[mək̚˦˥ ŋʊw˨˩˦]


giảm sút

[jaːm˧˨ ʂʊk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːm˧˨ sʊk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːm˨˩˦ ʂʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[jaːm˨˩˦ sʊk͡p̚˦˥]


mời

khách mời


đặt cọc

[ʔɗat̚˧˨ʔ kawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ kawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩˨ kawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

tiền (đặt) cọc

Chưa đi được. Lỡ đặt cọc 500 rồi.

I can't leave yet. I've already paid a deposit of 500,000 dongs.


nghỉ dưỡng

[ŋi˧˩ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ŋɪj˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ŋɪj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

to rest or relax to restore one's energy


đoán

Trời ơi em đoán như thần!

to guess; to predict; to surmise; to divine


dọn

head

𢶿, 扽, 迍, 遁, 屯

vi-verb

𢶿, 扽, 迍, 遁, 屯

Cognate with Thavung ktɔːn⁴, Puoc kətɔːn, Khmu [Cuang] kdɔːn ("to prepare").

dọn ngăn nắp đống sách vở

dọn phòng

dọn nhà lên thành phố


tiếp tục

[tiəp̚˧˦ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tip̚˦˥ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


bày

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 排 (“to arrange”, SV: bài).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bài</i>


chiếu

chiếu sáng

máy chiếu

to emit light onto a surface; to light up, to shine, to project onto, etc.

công chiếu

(by extension) to display a movie in a theater, by projection or otherwise

phép chiếu song song

Chiếu tướng/vua!

chiếu hết/bí


làm ơn

[laːm˨˩ ʔəːn˧˧]

[laːm˦˩ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[laːm˨˩ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

to do (someone else) a favour; to do a good turn


rủ

head

喻, 寠, 屡, 屢, 𠱋, 𡀍, 𡀿

rủ • (喻, 寠, 屡, 屢, 𠱋, 𡀍, 𡀿)

vi-verb

喻, 寠, 屡, 屢, 𠱋, 𡀍, 𡀿

rủ • (喻, 寠, 屡, 屢, 𠱋, 𡀍, 𡀿)

喻 (CJK)
寠 (CJK)
屡 (CJK)
屢 (CJK)
𠱋 (CJK)
𡀍 (CJK)
𡀿 (CJK)

to ask (someone to do something with you); to invite


truy cập

[t͡ɕwi˧˧ kəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈwɪj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 追及, composed of 追 (“to chase”) and 及 (“to reach”).


lạm dụng

[laːm˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[laːm˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[laːm˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lạm dụng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 濫用, composed of 濫 (“excessively”) and 用 (“use”).

Có nhiều người lạm dùng từ đồng nghĩa trong bài viết. Chúng ta la còn người, có trí khôn, phải viết câu cho mềm mại, chứ đừng lạm dùng từ đồng nghĩa như thể mình là từ điển nha!

There are so many of you who overused synonyms in your writing. We're all humans with brains, we should be writing smooth sentences, rather than abusing synonyms as if we were thesauri!

to overuse or to abuse (to use improperly)

lạm dụng tình dục


quan hệ tình dục

[kwaːn˧˧ he˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-quan hệ tình dục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 關係情慾, composed of 關係 (“relations”) and 情慾 (“lust”).


phát thanh

[faːt̚˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發聲, composed of 發 (“emit”) and 聲 (“sound”).

phát thanh từ Hà Nội


cày

From Proto-Vietic *gal (“to plough; a plough”), from Proto-Chamic (compare Eastern Cham ꨤꨋꩊ (langal), ꨤꨪꨋꩊ (lingal, “plough”)) (Ferlus) or from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lngal ~ *ŋgal (“plough”) (Shorto).
Cognate with Muong cằl, Khmer នង្គ័ល (nĕəngkŏəl), លាង្គល (liəngkɔɔl), អង្គ័ល (ʼɑɑʼɑngkŏəl, “plough”), Mon လ္ၚူ (təŋò), အၚဝ် (əŋò, “yoke; pair”), Malay tenggala (“plough”), as well as Sanskrit लाङ्गल (lāṅgala, “plough-shaped beam or timber”), लाङ्गूल (lāṅgūla, “tail; penis”). Compare linga.

cog

Mon လ္ၚူ (təŋò)


hối hận

[hoj˨˩˦ həŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hoj˦˥ həŋ˨˩˨]

Nói dại, nếu chẳng may ba bị làm sao đó thì hối hận không kịp.

If anything bad ever happens to dad, regretting then will be too late.

to regret; to feel remorse; to be remorseful


bứt

From Proto-Vietic *pəc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pic ~ *piic ~ *piəc ~ *pəc. Cognates include Muong Bi pếch, Arem pɪc, Chut [Rục] pic⁷, Sora pɨɟ-.
Related to bắt, phứt, phắt.


tiếp sức

[tiəp̚˧˦ sɨk̚˧˦]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tip̚˦˥ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

[tip̚˦˥ sɨk̚˦˥]


đại diện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 代 (“to substitute”) and 面 (“face”).


đào tạo

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ taːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˦˩ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ taːw˨˩˨]


trồng trọt

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈɔk̚˨˩˨]

From trồng (“to plant”) + trọt (“(archaic) to plant”).

com

to plant; to cultivate (generally speaking)


nén

Possibly related to Khmer បណ្ណែន (bɑɑbɑnnaen, “to compress”).

cog

to repress; to control (oneself); to restrain


thừa

(only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)

thừa thắng

to seize the opportunities that result from a recent victory

thừa thế

to take advantage of the current situation


thừa

thừa nhận

to recognise (faults, etc.); to admit; to acknowledge


quần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 倦 (SV: quyện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quyện</i>

vi-etym-sino

to wear (someone) out; to exhaust (someone)


chung

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chung.wav


trực thuộc

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

to belong directly to; to be directly administered by


lầm

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *luum ~ *ləm; cognate with Khmer ច្រឡំ (crɑɑlɑm, “to be mistaken, confused”).

cog

lầm/nhầm lẫn

Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]:
Mới xem ngoài mặt thì ta đều cho dân tộc Âu Châu là một dân tộc háo thắng, độc ác, dữ tợn; nhưng không, ta lầm đấy, ta ở lâu mới biết họ có một nền đạo đức cao hơn ta nhiều. Nền đạo đức luân lý của họ cao hơn ta là nhờ họ đã thâm nhiễm những tư tưởng tự do truyền bá từ đời Hy Lạp, La Mã trở xuống. Họ cũng đã qua một hồi chuyên chế nhưng dân khí họ rất phấn phát, người của họ rất anh hùng.
At first glance we all think of Europeans as competitive, cruel, aggressive; but no, we're indeed mistaken, we have to live long enough to know they have higher moral ground than we do. Their moral and ethical ground is higher than ours because they've long been influenced by free ideas all the way from the ancient Greeks and Romans. They've been under long authoritarianism, but their spirit is very high, their people are very heroic.


rờ

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to touch


gợi

head

⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美

gợi • (⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美)

vi-verb

⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美

gợi • (⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美)


khảy

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to pluck (a stringed musical instrument)


khui

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 開 (SV: khai).
Compare Hui'an Min Nan 開／开 (khui¹).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khai</i>

vi-etym-sino

khui sầu riêng

khui chai rượu vang

to open (something) with tools; to unpack (goods)

(figurative) to expose; to broach; to open


bắt buộc

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɓuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩˨]


tin cậy

[tɨn˧˧ kəj˨˩˨]

to trust; to put confidence (in); to rely on


cậy

From Proto-Vietic *-giːʔ, whence also gậy.

𢭄(Cậy)㛪(em)㛪(em)拱(cũng)𠹾(chịu)𠳒(lời)
𡎥(Ngồi)蓮(lên)朱(cho)姉(chị)𥛉(lạy)耒(rồi)仕(sẽ)疎(thưa)

1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], published 1870:

I ask for your help, will you accept my word?
Please be seated I’ll bow to you ere I speak.

(rarely used alone) to rely on; to pin one's hopes (on)

to congratulate oneself; plume oneself (on)


ngõi

chẳng ngõi

Hết cả các thứ rồi còn ngõi gì nữa.

Everything is finished, what more do you expect?

(Northern Vietnam) to expect; pursue; to long and desire


từ bỏ

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˧˩]

[tɨ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩˦]

to abandon; to disown; to reject; to renounce

to give up (a dream, career, habit, etc.); to stop pursuing or following


nhăn

head

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿

vi-verb

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿

㘖 (CJK)
因 (CJK)
絪 (CJK)
顔 (CJK)
𤄰 (CJK)
𤶑 (CJK)
𥊟 (CJK)
𦁿 (CJK)


ngất

Compare Proto-Katuic *ŋɨɨt (“to faint”), whence Ngeq ŋɯːt.


sửa đổi

[sɨə˧˩ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[sɨə˧˨ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

sửa đổi bổ sung Hiến pháp


chừa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 除 (“to eliminate; to remove; to divide”, SV: trừ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trừ</i>

vi-etym-sino

to leave (a portion for); to save; to reserve; to spare

chừa thuốc lá

to give up (a bad habit); to abstain from; to quit


trội

to exceed; to surpass; to excel (others)


chọc

[t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kcok ~ *kcook (“to prick, puncture, to provoke”). Cognate with Khmer ចាក់ (cak, “to pierce, stab, inject”), Khmu [Cuang] cɔk.


biến đổi

[ʔɓiən˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]


lội

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ *luuj() ~ *luəj() ~ *ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”). Cognate with Khmer លុយ (luy), Mon လုဲ, Riang luj². Compare also Proto-Tai *loːjᴬ (“to swim”) (whence Thai ลอย (lɔɔi)).

inh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to swim


dẫn nhập

[zən˦ˀ˥ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˨ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]


lột

Cognate with Muong lốt. Compare Proto-Katuic *luat (“to peel skin, to slough”) (whence Pacoh loat).
Baxter & Sagart (2014) propose that this is borrowed from Old Chinese 蛻 (OC *lot) (B-S).

cog

lột truồng

lột da

lột vỏ


tìm kiếm

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tìm kiếm.wav


thu thập

[tʰu˧˧ tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ tʰəp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-thu thập.wav

thu thập dữ liệu


nói dối

[nɔj˨˩˦ joj˨˩˦]


đáp ứng

[ʔɗaːp̚˧˦ ʔɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗaːp̚˦˧˥ ʔɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːp̚˦˥ ʔɨŋ˦˥]

to respond (positively to); to meet (needs); to satisfy


xảy

xảy ra

(usually of something bad and used with “ra”) to occur; to happen (by itself)


mong đợi

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˧˨ʔ]

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩ʔ]

[mɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩ʔ]

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mong đợi.wav


nấu ăn

[nəw˧˦ ʔan˧˧]

[nəw˨˩˦ ʔaŋ˧˧]

[nəw˦˥ ʔaŋ˧˧]


xem xét

[sɛm˧˧ sɛt̚˧˦]

[sɛm˧˧ sɛt̚˦˧˥]

[sɛm˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xem xét.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 占察 (“to observe; to examine”, SV: chiêm sát); equivalent to xem + xét.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chiêm sát</i>


nhảy cầu

[ɲaj˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[ɲaj˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]


chi phí

[t͡ɕi˧˧ fi˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ fɪj˨˩˦]

[cɪj˧˧ fɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chi phí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支費 (“payment”).


gầy

(dialectal) Alternative form of gây (“to cause”)


thực hành

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ han˨˩]

(rare) Synonym of thực hiện (“to implement”)


xét

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 察 (SV: sát).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sát</i>


chụm

Compare Pacoh adyúm (“to push sticks into fire”).

cog

Bỏ thêm củi vô chụm cho nước mau sôi coi.

Let's put more wood into the fire so that the water boils more quickly.

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to put into the fire


mở rộng

[məː˧˩ zəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[məː˧˨ ʐəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[məː˨˩˦ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


nâng cấp

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]


chấp hành

[t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ hɛɲ˦˩]

to follow; to obey; to comply (with the law)


hạn chế

[haːn˧˨ʔ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[haːŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]

[haːŋ˨˩˨ cej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 限制 (“to limit/to restrict”).


lặp

lặp lại


lưu thông

[liw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lɨw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lɨw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]


ý thức

[ʔi˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


nối tiếp

[noj˨˩˦ tiəp̚˦˧˥]


di cư

[jɪj˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ kɨ˧˧]


cung cấp

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]


tị nạn

[ti˧˨ʔ naːn˧˨ʔ]

[tɪj˨˩ʔ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɪj˨˩˨ naːŋ˨˩˨]

to flee from danger; to seek refuge (as a refugee)


ưa chuộng

[ʔɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɨə˧˧ cuəŋ˨˩˨]


lánh

to avoid; to shun; to evade; to flee (from)


toàn cầu hoá

[twaːŋ˦˩ kəw˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ kəw˨˩ waː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 全球化, composed of 全球 (“global”) and 化 (“-ize”).


nhấc

From Proto-Vietic, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *juk ~ *jək ~ *jəək. Cognate with Muong dắc, Arem jɨ̀k, Khmer យក់ (yŭək), Mon ယိုက် (yàk), Nyaheun jɨk, Semelai jɔk ("to take, fetch"), Gata' jok-, Western Lawa ยวก.
Likely related to nhắc (“to remind”).


nấu bếp

[nəw˧˦ ʔɓep̚˧˦]

[nəw˨˩˦ ʔɓep̚˦˧˥]

[nəw˦˥ ʔɓep̚˦˥]


phụ thuộc

[fu˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[fʊw˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


phải lòng

[faːj˧˨ lɔŋ˦˩]

(colloquial) to fall in love (with); to be in love (with)


vắng mặt

[vaŋ˧˦ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[vaŋ˦˧˥ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[vaŋ˦˥ mak̚˨˩˨]

[jaŋ˦˥ mak̚˨˩˨]


cứu vớt

[kiw˧˦ vəːt̚˧˦]

[kɨw˨˩˦ vəːk̚˦˧˥]

[kɨw˦˥ vəːk̚˦˥]

[kɨw˦˥ jəːk̚˦˥]


theo dõi

[tʰɛw˧˧ zɔj˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛw˧˧ jɔj˧˨]

[tʰɛw˧˧ jɔj˨˩˦]

to keep an eye on; to keep track (of); to monitor; to watch


hỗ trợ

[ho˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ]

[how˧˨ ʈəː˨˩ʔ]

[how˨˩˦ ʈəː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hỗ trợ.wav


tức giận

[tɨk̚˧˦ zən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨk̚˦˧˥ jəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨk̚˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˨]


chuyển động

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


chấp

to accept (a request); to approve (an application)

to hold a grudge (against someone); to reproach (someone); to resent

Một chấp ba vẫn dư cửa thắng.

I still can win easily facing against three of them by myself.

to defy (the enemy); to win a victory over (someone despite being in a disadvantaged situation oneself)

(only in compounds) to hold; to catch; to seize; to hold power; to execute; to manage


chăn nuôi

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˧ nuj˧˧]

chăn (“to shepherd”) + nuôi (“to raise”).

com

to raise; to breed; to rear (animals as livestock)


kẹp

Related to nẹp through an infixed form. Compare also cặp, gắp, ghép, kép, khép.

to pinch; to clamp; to press (from both sides)


lây lan

[ləj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ləj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lây lan.wav


thoả thuận

[tʰwaː˧˩ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwaː˧˨ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妥 (“fully satisfied; completely settled”) and 順 (“smooth; harmonious”).

vi-etym-sino

to agree (to something); to consent (to something); to come to an agreement


tường thuật

[tɨəŋ˨˩ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˦˩ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

tường thuật trực tiếp

to give live commentary on a sporting event

to give a detailed report or commentary on an incident


lây

(of disease) to spread (from one to another)


phí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phí.wav


phiền

Sino-Vietnamese word from 煩. Doublet of buồn.

to bother; to annoy; to cause unnecessary concern


ùn tắc

[ʔun˦˩ tak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩ tak̚˦˥]

to be jammed (with traffic); to be congested


đóng băng

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]


hướng dẫn

[hɨəŋ˧˦ zən˦ˀ˥]

[hɨəŋ˦˧˥ jəŋ˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 向 (“direction; towards”) and 引 (“to lead”).


phát minh

[faːt̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]


ủng hộ

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˩ ho˧˨ʔ]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˨ how˨˩ʔ]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ how˨˩˨]


lỡ

Chết, lỡ nói điều không nên nói rồi.

Shit, I slipped out things that I shouldn't say.

to do something inadvertently; to do by mistake

lỡ xe buýt


chi tiêu

[t͡ɕi˧˧ tiəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ tiw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支銷 (“to spend”).


tuyệt

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

(chiefly in compounds) to cut off; to exhaust; to use up; to reach the end or extreme


nhận định

[ɲən˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


chấp nhận

[t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cəp̚˦˥ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 執 (“to implement”) and 認 (“to accept”).


khuyến khích

[xwiən˧˦ xïk̟̚˧˦]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ kʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ xɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ kʰɨt̚˦˥]

[xwiəŋ˦˥ xɨt̚˦˥]

giải khuyến khích


phân tích

[fən˧˧ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân tích.wav

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 分析 (bunseki), Literary Chinese 分析 (fēnxī).

nhà phân tích

Để tao phân tích cho mà nghe !

Just let me break it down for you, okay?


khiến

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 遣 (SV: khiển). However, compare also 遣's alternative departing-tone reading *kʰiᴇnᴴ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khiển</i>

vi-etym-sino

to cause (someone or something to do something); to make


khoác lác

[kʰwaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[xwaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰwaːk̚˦˥ laːk̚˦˥]


hình thành

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]


xúm

Mọi người xúm lại quanh nó.


phục hồi

phục hồi danh dự cho ai


trụng

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to dip in boiling water; to scald


lắng

(of situation, etc.) to quieten down; to calm down


ôn tập

[ʔon˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨]


bồi thường

[ʔɓoj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓoj˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓoj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

bồi thường thiệt hại


vi phạm

[vɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[vɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]

[jɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]


tiếc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 惜 (“to cherish; to regret”, SV: tích).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tích</i>

vi-etym-sino

Tiếc rằng, cuối cùng Lục Ứng Khâm không cho cô cơ hội ấy.

2015, Ngải Tiểu Đồ, Hồ Đồ, MintRight Inc., →ISBN:

Unfortunately, in the end Luc Ung Kham did not give her the chance.

to regret (feel sorry about some past thing)

tiếc của

to be sad that you've lost something of value

Tiếc cái ti-vi quá đi !

to feel strongly attached to something you've lost


nhúng

From Proto-Vietic *ʄuːŋʔ; cognate with Muong dủng and Chut [Sách] ɟuːŋ³.


lấn chiếm

[lən˧˦ t͡ɕiəm˧˦]

[ləŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕiəm˦˧˥]

[ləŋ˦˥ cim˦˥]

lấn (“to encroach on”) + chiếm (“to seize”).

com

to encroach (on); to trespass and appropriate (especially territory)


chõ

Related to xỏ (“to thread”), through an affixed form.

(colloquial) to face; to turn toward; to direct (one's mouth) to

poke one's nose into
poke one's nose into#English

(figurative) to butt in; to meddle; to poke one's nose into


chĩa

From Proto-Vietic *ɟɛh < *tʃ-r-ɛh, the *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃɛh, whence Modern Vietnamese xỉa (“to pick; to jab”). Also related to Vietnamese nĩa (“fork”).

to point (at); to aim (at) (with a weapon)


đầu tư

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 投資, composed of 投 (“to throw out”) and 資 (“capital”).

vi-etym-sino

nhà đầu tư

quỹ đầu tư


cọ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cọ.wav

Rửa nhớ cọ nồi nha !

Don't forget to scrub clean the pots, okay?


phẩy

to gently fan (something) off; to whisk (off, away); to flick (away); to flap


chèo

From Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-ɛːw, an *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃɛːw, whence Modern Vietnamese xeo (“to lift up with a crowbar; to propel (a boat) with a long pole”). Related to Vietnamese neo (“anchor”), Khmer ចែវ (caew, “to row; paddle”), ច្រវា (crɑɑvaa, “oar; paddle”), Lao ແຊວ (sǣu, “to row”). Compare Chinese 櫂 ("oar/to row", SV: trạo).

cog

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chèo.wav


xáy

From Proto-Vietic *tʃeʔ (“to dig”). Related to xay (“to husk (rice)”, originally the reduplicated form of Proto-Vietic *tʃeʔ), chày (“pestle”, the Proto-Vietic *-r- infixed form).

(rare) to dig (with a pointed tool); to hollow; to excavate; to scoop out


ấp ủ

[ʔəp̚˧˦ ʔu˧˩]

[ʔəp̚˦˧˥ ʔʊw˧˨]

[ʔəp̚˦˥ ʔʊw˨˩˦]

to wrap up; to muffle up (in clothing to keep warm)


trò chuyện

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɔ˦˩ t͡ɕwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɔ˨˩ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]


bày tỏ

[ʔɓaj˨˩ tɔ˧˩]

[ʔɓaj˦˩ tɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩ tɔ˨˩˦]

to express; to make clear; to show; to display


hẹn hò

[hɛn˧˨ʔ hɔ˨˩]

[hɛŋ˨˩ʔ hɔ˦˩]

[hɛŋ˨˩˨ hɔ˨˩]

(of a male and a female) to make a date; to date


trao đổi

[t͡ɕaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʈaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʈaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

Tan học em ở lại lớp nhé, cô có chuyện muốn trao đổi.

After school, could you remain in class? I have something I want to discuss with you.

(colloquial) to discuss (with each other) in order to arrive at an agreement


lấn

head

𢭹, 𪡍, 吝, 粦, 遴, 論

vi-verb

𢭹, 𪡍, 吝, 粦, 遴, 論

𢭹 (CJK)
𪡍 (CJK)
吝 (CJK)
粦 (CJK)
遴 (CJK)
論 (CJK)

to encroach (on); to trespass (against); to invade

(Southern Vietnam) to jostle; to push in order to squeeze in


hẹn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 限 (SV: hạn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Hẹn gặp lại.

to make an appointment; to arrange or promise (to meet)


thăm hỏi

[tʰam˧˧ hɔj˨˩˦]

to call on (someone); to visit (someone); to pay (someone) a visit


ngần ngại

[ŋən˨˩ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ŋəŋ˦˩ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ŋəŋ˨˩ ŋaːj˨˩˨]

to hesitate (to); to hold back (from); to be reluctant (to)


liên hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 連 (“to connect”) and 回 (“to return”).

to keep on (doing something); to continue; to do repeatedly


sinh sống

[sïŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[sɨn˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[sɨn˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˥]


bàn bạc

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨]


cảnh báo

[kajŋ̟˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[kɛɲ˧˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[kan˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˦˥]


trao

head

𢭂, 招, 召, 掉, 搔, 捞, 撩

vi-verb

𢭂, 招, 召, 掉, 搔, 捞, 撩

𢭂 (CJK)
招 (CJK)
召 (CJK)
掉 (CJK)
搔 (CJK)
捞 (CJK)
撩 (CJK)


cảm xúc

[kaːm˧˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaːm˨˩˦ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


di dân

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]


khái quát

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰaːj˦˥ waːk̚˦˥]


lựa chọn

[lɨə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩˨ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


tác động

[taːk̚˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 作動, composed of 作 (“to do”) and 動 (“to move”).

vi-etym-sino

to have an effect (on); to influence; to affect


chẩn đoán

[t͡ɕən˧˩ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]

to diagnose; to identify (especially an illness)


sụp đổ

[sup̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˩]

[ʂup̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˧˨]

[sup̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˧˨]

[ʂʊp̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˦]

[sʊp̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˦]


diễn tả

[ziən˦ˀ˥ taː˧˩]

[jiəŋ˧˨ taː˧˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ taː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 演 (“to practise”) and 寫 (“to write; to describe”).


ngạc nhiên

[ŋaːk̚˧˨ʔ ɲiən˧˧]

[ŋaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[ŋaːk̚˨˩˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]


ứng xử

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ sɨ˧˩]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˧˨]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ sɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 應 (“to react; to respond”) and 處 (“to manage”).

to behave (oneself); to conduct (oneself)


sưng

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰夌巨, composed of 巨 (MC gjoX) + 夌 (MC ling) (modern SV: cự lăng) and 夌 (MC ling) (modern SV: lăng).

(of a body part) to swell; to become swollen


dạy dỗ

to teach (someone affectionately); to instruct; to bring up


giảng dạy

[zaːŋ˧˩ zaj˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˧˨ jaj˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ ja(ː)j˨˩˨]

to teach; to instruct; to lecture; to preach


tham dự

[tʰaːm˧˧ zɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ jɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ jɨ˨˩˨]

to participate/take part/partake, especially in a formal or important activity; compare tham gia (“to take part in any kind of activity”)

tham dự hội thảo

to attend (a conference, convention, meeting, meetup, etc.)


dỗ

head

杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕

dỗ • (杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕)

vi-verb

杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕

dỗ • (杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕)

杜 (CJK)
𠴗 (CJK)
𠻀 (CJK)
𡁹 (CJK)
誘 (CJK)
嚕 (CJK)

The phonetic elements in the Nôm characters used to write this word (杜 (MC duX), 徒 (MC du)) as well as the modern North Central form thỗ/thổ point to earlier form with *-d-. This word is unrelated to 誘 (MC yuwX) (SV: dụ), although the character appeared in latter Nôm texts as sound changes in the mainstream dialects caused the two to become similar enough for 誘 to be used as a phonetic element.

to soothe or appease (a crying or tantrum-throwing baby)


gánh

to carry (something) on one's shoulder via a shoulder pole; to shoulder


trưởng thành

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長成, composed of 長 (“to grow”) and 成 (“to become”).


ói

From Proto-Vietic *ʔoːlʔ (“to choke while eating”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔul() ~ *ʔuəlʔ ~ *ʔəl() ~ *hul() (“nausea; to choke; to vomit”). Cognate with Chut [Rục] ʔoːl³, Arem ʔuəlˀ ("to choke"), Pacoh oal, Khmer អួល (ʼuəl, “to gag; to choke”).

inh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to vomit


hình dung

[hïŋ˨˩ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

to form an image or concept in one's head; to imagine, to figure, to picture, to reckon etc.


gợi ý

[ɣəːj˧˨ʔ ʔi˧˦]

[ɣəːj˨˩ʔ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ɣəːj˨˩˨ ʔɪj˦˥]

gợi (“to raise; to evoke”) + ý (“idea; thought”).


hàm nghĩa

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[haːm˦˩ ŋiə˧˨]

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˨˩˦]


kí kết

[kɪj˨˩˦ ket̚˦˧˥]

[kɪj˦˥ kəːt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 記 (“to note down; to write down”) and 結 (“to conclude”).


bỏ túi

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ tuj˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ tuj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ tuj˦˥]

từ điển bỏ túi


mớm

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *mim(ʔ) ~ *miəm() ~ *məm() ~ *məəmʔ (“to suck”); cognate with Bahnar mŏm/mơ̆m (“to suck”) and Khmer ម៉ិម (məm, “to suck”).


nghi ngờ

[ŋi˧˧ ŋəː˨˩]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋəː˦˩]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋəː˨˩]


phòng ngừa

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ ŋɨə˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ ŋɨə˦˩]

[fɔŋ˦˩ ŋɨə˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ ŋɨə˨˩]

phòng + ngừa; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 防禦 (SV: phòng ngự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phòng ngự</i>


ngừa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 禦 (“to defend; to resist”, SV: ngự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngự</i>


trải nghiệm

[t͡ɕaːj˧˩ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːj˧˨ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ ŋim˨˩˨]

Blend of trải (“to experience”) + kinh nghiệm (“experience”)

blend

to experience (something potentially pleasant or beneficial)


thu hút

[tʰʊw˧˧ hʊk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˧˧ hʊk͡p̚˦˥]


thề

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 誓 (“to swear; to vow”, SV: thệ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thệ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Có thật không ?
Anh thề, anh hứa, anh đảm bảo !
Really?
Yes! I swear, I promise, I assure you!


tổng hợp

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ həːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總合, composed of 總 (“to put together; general”) and 合 (“to combine”).

to join; to unite; to combine; to synthesise


xử lí

[sɨ˧˨ lɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨ˨˩˦ lɪj˦˥]

to deal with; to manage; to be in charge (of); to process


cam kết

[kaːm˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

Mặc dù tính đến các dự án đã cam kết như WestConnex và NorthConnex, […]

2017, “Sydney rồi cũng sẽ ùn tắc xe cộ không thua gì thành phố Mexico”, in Dân Việt, archived from the original on 2018-03-10:

Although there are committed projects such as WestConnex and NorthConnex, […]


rung rinh

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zïŋ˧˧]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʐɨn˧˧]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɹɨn˧˧]


mê đắm

[me˧˧ ʔɗam˧˦]

[mej˧˧ ʔɗam˦˧˥]


ngưng trệ

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ ʈej˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ ʈej˨˩˨]


điều tra

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ ʈaː˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ ʈaː˧˧]

cuộc điều tra

Cục Điều tra Liên bang


凝滯

chữ Hán form of ngưng trệ (“to stagnate”).


cấy ghép

[kəj˧˦ ɣɛp̚˧˦]

[kəj˨˩˦ ɣɛp̚˦˧˥]

[kəj˦˥ ɣɛp̚˦˥]


hồi sức

[hoj˦˩ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hoj˦˩ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hoj˨˩ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

hồi sức cấp cứu

to restore one's health; to recover one's strength


chèn ép

[t͡ɕɛn˨˩ ʔɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛŋ˦˩ ʔɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɛŋ˨˩ ʔɛp̚˦˥]

chèn (“wedge/obstruct”) + ép (“to force”).


cắm sừng

[kam˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩]

[kam˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩]

[kam˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩]

[kam˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩]

[kam˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩]

cắm (“to erect a stick-like object by penetrating a surface with it”) + sừng (“horn”)

cắm 7 cái sừng

Cái thằng đến tội. Bị vợ cắm sừng mà không hay.

Poor bastard. He has no clue he's being cuckolded.


ngửa

From Proto-Vietic *t-ŋah (“to lie on the back”); cognate with Chut [Rục] təŋah¹. Compare ngả.

inh

ngửa/ngửng mặt

to orientate your face upward from its current orientation

Ngửa mặt lên coi nào !

(Stop staring at the ground and) look at me!

Mỗi lần trời chớp, tôi đều ngửa mặt nhìn lên pho tượng với một nỗi lo sợ và tò mò không cưỡng được.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 3, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

Every time there was lightning, I would look up at the statue with uncontrollable fear and curiosity.


thâm nhiễm

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˧˨]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲim˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 深 (“deep”) and 染 (“to contaminate”).

vi-etym-sino

(literary, rare) to permeate; to pervade; to penetrate deeply


lành

head

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬

lành • (令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬)

vi-verb

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬

令 (CJK)
冷 (CJK)
怜 (CJK)
苓 (CJK)
袊 (CJK)
𡅐 (CJK)
𡅑 (CJK)
𫅜 (CJK)
𬙽 (CJK)
𫅞 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 令 (“good; fine; excellent”, SV: lệnh).
Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th centry) as 領 (MC ljengX), glossed as "good" (好), with "not good" (不好) being 張領 (MC trjang ljengX), i.e. chẳng lành.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lệnh</i>


nứt

Cognate with Muong Bi đếch. For the rime correspondence, cf. Vietnamese đứt vs. Muong Bi tếch, Vietnamese bứt vs. Muong Bi pếch.


rạng

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light, to shine”); cognate with Khasi rang (“fine weather”), Khmu rʔaːŋ, Bahnar rang (“light”) and Khmer ស្រាង (sraang, “to glimmer”). Shorto (2006) connected this terms to sáng.


tắc nghẽn

[tak̚˧˦ ŋɛn˦ˀ˥]

[tak̚˦˧˥ ŋɛŋ˧˨]

[tak̚˦˥ ŋɛŋ˨˩˦]


ánh

(figurative) đôi mắt ánh lên niềm tin


phình

to swell up; to become bigger (due to having too much inside); to bulge


vui mừng

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˦˩]

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

[juj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]


như ý

[ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

to be in accordance with one's wish; to be to one's liking


xét nghiệm

[sɛt̚˧˦ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[sɛt̚˦˧˥ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[sɛk̚˦˥ ŋim˨˩˨]

(medicine) to do tests (with the aim of diagnosis)


yêu thương

[ʔiəw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-yêu thương.wav


giải khát

[jaːj˧˨ kʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˧˨ xaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ kʰaːk̚˦˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ xaːk̚˦˥]


gắn

to glue (together); to stick (together); to paste (together); to link; to attach


khám phá

[kʰaːm˦˧˥ faː˨˩˦]

[xaːm˦˧˥ faː˨˩˦]

[kʰaːm˦˥ faː˦˥]

to discover; to find out; to explore; to reveal


rung động

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


húp

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *haap ~ *hup ~ *huup ~ *ʔuup (“to eat”); cognate with Mon ဟာပ် (hap, “to eat”), Shwe Palaung ဟာပ် (“to eat (curry)”), Koho hup (“to eat”), Khasi kahup (“to gulp, gobble”) and Khmer ហូប (houp, “to eat”).


nhồi

to stuff (with); to fill (with); to cram (with)


thăng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 升 (“to rise”).

(colloquial, rare) Clipping of thăng thiên (“to ascend to heaven”).


nhiễm trùng

[ɲiəm˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ɲiəm˧˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ɲim˨˩˦ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 染 (“to be infected with”) and 蟲 (“bug; bacteria”).


thắc mắc

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]


dời

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 移 (“to move (to a different place)”, SV: di).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">di</i>

vi-etym-sino

to move (to a different place); to transfer; to shift


đệm

head

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

vi-verb

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

埶 (CJK)
禫 (CJK)
移 (CJK)
笘 (CJK)
𧛋 (CJK)
𧝓 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墊 (SV: điếm). Related to nệm, through an infixed form.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">điếm</i>


đựng

head

đựng • (𡓂, 𬪐)

vi-verb

đựng • (𡓂, 𬪐)

From Middle Vietnamese đợng, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(ɯə)ŋʔ (“to receive”); cognate with Old Mon dūṅ (modern Mon ဒုၚ် (tɜ̀ŋ, “to receive, to accept”)).


đẫm

mắt đẫm nước

đẫm mồ hôi

đẫm máu


dồn

head

屯, 扽, 拵, 沌, 盆

vi-verb

屯, 扽, 拵, 沌, 盆

dồn đất thành ụ

người người dồn về thành phố


co giật

[kɔ˧˧ zət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˧˧ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]


xuất huyết

[swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]

(medicine, chiefly internally) to hemorrhage


siêu âm

[siəw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-siêu âm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超 (“over-; super-; ultra-”) and 音 (“sound”).

vi-etym-sino

(medicine, colloquial) to investigate with ultrasound


lùa

(of livestocks) to slide into, to drive into

(of wind) to blow into a space that is either confined or empty


trùng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 重 (“to repeat; -fold”), from Literary Chinese 重 (drjowng). Doublet of trọng.

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Ngày nghỉ trùng với chủ nhật nên được nghỉ bù.

We get a compensatory day off because the holiday is on a Sunday.


giội

giội bom

giội nước lên đầu

to scoop some water and pour it on one's head


lồng

lồng tiếng

to "insert" voice-over; to add voice-over or to dub

dùng hàm IF lồng trong Excels

to use nested IF functions (that are "inserted" inside another IF function) in Excels


xâm nhập

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]

to enter (and cause damage); to infiltrate; to invade


dự định

[zɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


giật

head

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

vi-verb

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

抶 (CJK)
迭 (CJK)
秩 (CJK)
帙 (CJK)
𪮞 (CJK)
逸 (CJK)

to abruptly move away and then back to the original position; to jerk


ước tính

[ʔɨək̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɨək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɨək̚˦˥ tɨn˦˥]


phát lộ

[faːt̚˧˦ lo˧˨ʔ]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ low˨˩ʔ]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發 (“to occur; to arise”) and 露 (“to reveal”).


dịch thuật

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 譯術, composed of 譯 (“to translate”) and 術 (“skill”).


qua đời

[kwaː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[kwaː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[waː˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩]


chất vấn

[t͡ɕət̚˧˦ vən˧˦]

[t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[cək̚˦˥ vəŋ˦˥]

[cək̚˦˥ jəŋ˦˥]

(usually politics, especially in a legislative body) to question; to interrogate; to grill


thủ tiêu

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tiw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 取消, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 取り消す (torikesu).


thỉnh cầu

[tʰïŋ˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[tʰɨn˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[tʰɨn˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]

(uncommon) to entreat; to solicit; to request


thất nghiệp

[tʰət̚˧˦ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


nện

head

搌, 攮, 𪤍, 󰉈, 𢬧, 𢵫

vi-verb

搌, 攮, 𪤍, 󰉈, 𢬧, 𢵫

(colloquial, somewhat vulgar) to bang; to have sex; to fuck


giọt

to pound; to flatten (with a hammer, pestle, etc.)

(colloquial) to beat; to thrash; to drub


giáp

to be contiguous to; to be close to; to be adjacent to; to be bordering


tuyển cử

[twiəŋ˧˨ kɨ˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ kɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tuyển cử.wav

cuộc tuyển cử


thừa nhận

[tʰɨə˨˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨə˦˩ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨə˨˩ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thừa nhận.wav

to recognise (one's shortcomings, faults, etc.)


phê phán

[fej˧˧ faːŋ˦˧˥]


tập kích

[təp̚˧˨ʔ kïk̟̚˧˦]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ kɨt̚˦˧˥]

[təp̚˨˩˨ kɨt̚˦˥]


gặt

From Proto-Vietic *-kac. Related to cắt (“to cut”).

mùa gặt


diệt vong

[ziət̚˧˨ʔ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩ʔ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩ʔ vɔŋ˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ jawŋ͡m˧˧]


bình luận

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


bán buôn

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ ʔɓuən˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓuəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɓuəŋ˧˧]


bòn

to save (every bit of); to glean; to collect (bit by bit); to lay up

to squeeze (money out of someone); to scrape


mai táng

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˧˦]

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[maːj˧˧ taːŋ˦˥]


lợi dụng

[ləːj˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ləːj˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


ngắt

ngắt lá

ngắt máy

ngắt kết nối


cấm chỉ

[kəm˧˦ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[kəm˦˧˥ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[kəm˦˥ cɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禁止 (“to prohibit”).

vi-etym-sino

(formal, uncommon) to strictly prohibit; to ban; to forbid


sáng tạo

[saːŋ˧˦ taːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]


chơi điện tử

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[cəːj˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Clipping of trò chơi điện tử (“video game”)


an ủi

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔuj˧˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔuj˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔuj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 安慰 (SV: an uỷ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">an uỷ</i>

vi-etym-sino

giải thưởng an ủi


cầu nguyện

[kəw˨˩ ŋwiən˧˨ʔ]

[kəw˦˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kəw˨˩ ŋwiəŋ˨˩˨]

to pray (a spiritual act to communicate with the divine)


biên tập

[ʔɓiən˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-biên tập.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 編輯, from Chinese 編輯／编辑 (biānjí).

Biên tập
Vũ Văn A
Editor
Vũ Văn A

(writing, publishing, journalism, advertising, film, television) to edit


vướng

vướng vào một vụ ẩu đả

vướng phải gai


tạnh

head

晴, 情, 浄, 淨, 𩄳, 𬰆

vi-verb

晴, 情, 浄, 淨, 𩄳, 𬰆

晴 (CJK)
情 (CJK)
浄 (CJK)
淨 (CJK)
𩄳 (CJK)
𬰆 (CJK)

Unclear. Either:
* Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 晴 (“clear (of weather)”, SV: tình); if true, then it was probably a rather late loan from a regional Sinitic lect; the tonal correspondence is irregular for an early loan; or,
* Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 靜 (“to be still”, SV: tĩnh, tịnh) or non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 靖 (“"to be still" > "to still"”, SV: tĩnh, tịnh); if true, that the tonal, register, and rhyme correspondences are still typical for an early loan.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tình</i>

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tĩnh, tịnh</i>


cho thuê

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰwe˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰwej˧˧]

[cɔ˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ej˧˧]

From cho (“to give”) + thuê (“to rent”).


cho biết

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥]

[cɔ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˥]

From cho (“to give”) + biết (“to know”).


lấp

Compare Ten'edn lɔp ("to fill"), Car Nicobarese löp (“to fill up (a hole)”), Bahnar lơ̆p (“to flood (water covering something)”).


sụp

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *gruup (“to invert, to lie face down”); cognate with Ruching Palaung grūp (“to give homage, pray to, revere, worship”) and Halang grŭp (“to fall down”).


tiêu chảy

bị tiêu chảy


du nhập

[zu˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊw˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遊入, composed of 遊 (“to travel”) and 入 (“to enter”).

vi-etym-sino

(of a culture) to import, adopt or borrow an idea, ideology, mode of thought, practice, word, expression, etc. from another culture; compare nhập khẩu (“to import goods or cargo”)


ăn ở

[ʔan˧˧ ʔəː˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔəː˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔəː˨˩˦]

ăn (“to eat”) + ở (“to shelter”). Cognate with Muong ăn ớ.

to conduct daily life, especially when concerning expenses for food and shelter

ăn ở bạc bẽo

to conduct or behave in a particular way


nôn

head

農, 𡁛, 𡄨, 𡽫, 𧀒, 𫬣

vi-verb

農, 𡁛, 𡄨, 𡽫, 𧀒, 𫬣

農 (CJK)
𡁛 (CJK)
𡄨 (CJK)
𡽫 (CJK)
𧀒 (CJK)
𫬣 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nôn.wav

(Northern Vietnam) to throw up; to vomit


tả

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寫 (“to write”).


nhún

head

扪, 撋, 橺, 閏, 𠾽, 頓, 屯

vi-verb

扪, 撋, 橺, 閏, 𠾽, 頓, 屯

扪 (CJK)
撋 (CJK)
橺 (CJK)
閏 (CJK)
𠾽 (CJK)
頓 (CJK)
屯 (CJK)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂nɟuun, an infixed form of *t₂ɟun ~ *t₂ɟuun (“to bend knees”); cognate with Mon ဂဇုန် (həcùn, “to sit; to lie; to crouch”).

cog

to slightly bend one's legs (in order to jump up, etc.)

to lower oneself; to be humble; to be modest


diễn ra

[ziən˦ˀ˥ zaː˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʐaː˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ɹaː˧˧]


dựa trên

[zɨə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕen˧˧]

[jɨə˨˩ʔ ʈen˧˧]

[jɨə˨˩˨ ʈəːn˧˧]

From dựa (“to lean on”) + trên (“on; above”).


lan rộng

[laːn˧˧ zəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʐəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

From lan (“to spread”) + rộng (“broad, wide”).


bỗ dưỡng

[ʔɓo˦ˀ˥ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓow˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

(of food) to be nutritious (and good for one's health); to be nourishing


gục

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


chồm

to spring (up); to pounce (up); to prance


coi thường

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[kɔj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

to regard as unimportant; to think little of; to disregard; to ignore


ngạo

(literary when not in compounds) to show contempt of others; to be arrogant


kính trọng

[kïŋ˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɨn˦˥ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

một thiền sư được kính trọng


mua bán

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˦]

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]

[muə˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]


bỏ rơi

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ zəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ ʐəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ ɹəːj˧˧]


nghẽn

to block; to be blocked; to be obstructed


do dự

[zɔ˧˧ zɨ˧˨ʔ]

[jɔ˧˧ jɨ˨˩ʔ]

[jɔ˧˧ jɨ˨˩˨]


hăm

(rarely used in isolation) to intimidate; to threaten


vận chuyển

[vən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩]

[vəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨]

[vəŋ˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

[jəŋ˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]


cố vấn

[kow˨˩˦ vəŋ˦˧˥]

[kow˦˥ vəŋ˦˥]

[kow˦˥ jəŋ˦˥]


đại tiện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiện.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大便, composed of 大 (“large”) and 便 (“waste”).


lan tỏa

Traditional tone placement spelling of lan toả.


ỉa chảy

[ʔiə˧˩ t͡ɕaj˧˩]

[ʔiə˧˨ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[ʔiə˨˩˦ ca(ː)j˨˩˦]


viếng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 聘 (SV: sính). Probably from Middle Chinese 聘 (MC phjiengH).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sính</i>

vi-etym-sino

(dated, still used by Overseas Vietnamese) to visit (a person or a place)

to pay a visit of condolence (to someone)


bỉnh bút

[ʔɓïŋ˧˩ ʔɓut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˧˨ ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩˦ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥]


đón

head

đón • (扽, 迍, 頓, 遁)

vi-verb

đón • (扽, 迍, 頓, 遁)

đón xuân


lan toả

[laːŋ˧˧ twaː˧˨]

[laːŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦]


tôn trọng

[ton˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[toŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


tham khảo

[tʰaːm˧˧ kʰaːw˧˨]

[tʰaːm˧˧ kʰaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰaːm˧˧ xaːw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tham khảo.wav


ẵm

(Southern Vietnam) to hold something gently in one's arm


đi cầu

[ʔɗi˧˧ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəw˨˩]


hạ lệnh

[haː˧˨ʔ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[haː˨˩ʔ len˨˩ʔ]

[haː˨˩˨ ləːn˨˩˨]


thất bại

[tʰət̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩˨]


chỉ đạo

[t͡ɕi˧˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cɪj˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 指導 (“to give direction”), Japanese 指導 (shidō).

vi-etym-sino

ban chỉ đạo


lo âu

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[lɔ˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

lo (“to worry”) + âu (“(obsolete) to worry”).


chém

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 斬 (SV: trảm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trảm</i>

vi-etym-sino

bị chém

(figurative, colloquial) to rip off; to sell too dear

Short for chém gió (“to brag, to boast”).


cảm nhận

[kaːm˧˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 感 (“feel”) and 認 (“recognize”).


chốt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 椊 (“to plug”, SV: [Term?])


trừng trị

[t͡ɕɨŋ˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨŋ˦˩ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨŋ˨˩ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


tự trị

[tɨ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


bốc

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəwk͡p̚˦˥]

From Proto-Vietic *poːk (“handful”). Related to vốc (“handful”).
Compare also Baha pok³¹ (“bunch, handful”).

ăn bốc

to make up (a traditional medicine prescription)

to exhume and move (a corpse) to another place


bắt nguồn

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ŋuən˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ŋuəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ŋuəŋ˨˩]

to take one's source (from); to originate (from); to begin (from)


phạt

→ Khmer: ផាក (phaak)


ăn hiếp

[ʔan˧˧ hiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ hiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ hip̚˦˥]


hiếp dâm

[hiəp̚˧˦ zəm˧˧]

[hiəp̚˦˧˥ jəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 脅 (“to oppress; to force”) and 淫 (“lewd”).


đối lập

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]


tiếp tân

[tiəp̚˧˦ tən˧˧]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ təŋ˧˧]

[tip̚˦˥ təŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 接 (“to receive”) and 賓 (“guest”).


nịt

Originally the noun derivative of rịt (“‘to fasten; to tie’”).


chìa

to extend; to protrude; to hold out (one's hand)


bực bội

[ʔɓɨk̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓoj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓoj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˨˩˨ ʔɓoj˨˩˨]


lèm bèm

head

lèm bèm (reduplication lèm bà lèm bèm, lèm bèm là bà)

[lɛm˨˩ ʔɓɛm˨˩]

[lɛm˦˩ ʔɓɛm˦˩]

[lɛm˨˩ ʔɓɛm˨˩]


sáng lập

[saːŋ˧˦ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]

[saːŋ˦˥ ləp̚˨˩˨]


nhăn nhó

[ɲan˧˧ ɲɔ˧˦]

[ɲaŋ˧˧ ɲɔ˨˩˦]

[ɲaŋ˧˧ ɲɔ˦˥]

to have a wry face; to grimace; to frown


ăn phở

[ʔan˧˧ fəː˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ fəː˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ fəː˨˩˦]

ăn (“to eat”) + phở (“pho”).
Sense 2 stems from the belief that rice (cơm) is a primary meal, while noodles (phở) are something else or “on the side”.

(literally) to eat pho (Vietnamese noodle soup)

(figurative, colloquial, usually of a man) to have an affair


truyền thanh

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傳聲, composed of 傳 (“to transmit”) and 聲 (“sound”).


tẩy

Audio (Hà Nội)


quét

Compare Proto-Tai *kwaːtᴰ (“to sweep”) (whence Thai กวาด (gwàat)).


cà nhắc

[kaː˨˩ ɲak̚˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ ɲak̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ ɲak̚˦˥]


vùi

head

培, 盃, 𡏧, 𢮏, 𣼯

vi-verb

培, 盃, 𡏧, 𢮏, 𣼯


bắt bẻ

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɓɛ˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦]


cằn nhằn

[kaŋ˦˩ ɲaŋ˦˩]

[kaŋ˨˩ ɲaŋ˨˩]


thui

Probably from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 焠 (SV: thối).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thối</i>

vi-etym-sino

Near-synonym: nướng (“to roast without scorching”)

bê thui

veal calf roasted whole over an open flame

To cook an animal or meat outside in by burning or scorching its outer layer (mostly with skin), so that while the outer layer is well-cooked, the inner meat remains rare or medium rare.


thải

to discard; to eliminate; to discharge; to dismiss


vờ

head

vờ • (爲, 潙, 噅)

vi-verb

vờ • (爲, 潙, 噅)


cắm

From Proto-Vietic *gamʔ ~ kamʔ (“to bite”). Cognate with mainstream Vietnamese gặm (“to gnaw”), Arem kɐ̀mˀ ("to bite").


vẹn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 完 (“complete”, SV: hoàn).
Its ancestor, either 完 (OC *[ɢ]ˤo[n]) (B-S) or 完 (LHC *ɣuɑn) (Schuessler, 2009), would have regularly yielded **vèn; its attested nặng-tone resulted from either an irregular sound change, borrowing from a regional Chinese dialect (see tạnh), or indirect borrowing (see tiếng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoàn</i>

vi-etym-sino

(literary) to keep (one's promise); to be true to

to be complete; to be intact; to be whole


oằn

to bend (down due to having to endure a great force); to curve; to be bent


nhường nhịn

[ɲɨəŋ˨˩ ɲin˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɨəŋ˦˩ ɲin˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɨəŋ˨˩ ɲɨn˨˩˨]

to make compromises; to make concessions; to yield (to)


lẩy bẩy

[ləj˧˩ ʔɓəj˧˩]

[ləj˧˨ ʔɓəj˧˨]

[ləj˨˩˦ ʔɓəj˨˩˦]


chơi bời

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˨˩]

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˦˩]

[cəːj˧˧ ʔɓəːj˨˩]

com

chơi (“to play”) + bời (“numerous; messy”)


dìu

head

妙, 耀, 迢, 𠾸, 調, 𢭼, 𢴿

vi-verb

妙, 耀, 迢, 𠾸, 調, 𢭼, 𢴿

妙 (CJK)
耀 (CJK)
迢 (CJK)
𠾸 (CJK)
調 (CJK)
𢭼 (CJK)
𢴿 (CJK)

to help (someone) forward by letting them lean on oneself


vụt

head

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

vụt • (挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗) (reduplication vùn vụt)

vi-verb

挬, 桲, 樾, 𨁝, 𨅗

挬 (CJK)
桲 (CJK)
樾 (CJK)
𨁝 (CJK)
𨅗 (CJK)
vùn vụt (reduplication)

Compare vọt as well as the pair phụt, phọt.

to move, run or flee suddenly and very quickly

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to toss; to throw (forcefully and far)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to throw away; to discard


chửi

chửi thề

Con ra ngoài chơi có tí mà ba chửi lên chửi xuống.

I [the son] have just gone out for a little while, but you [the father] showered curses on me.


dẫn dắt

[zən˦ˀ˥ zat̚˧˦]

[jəŋ˧˨ jak̚˦˧˥]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ jak̚˦˥]


thu gom

[tʰu˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ɣɔm˧˧]


nhìn nhận

[ɲin˨˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[ɲin˦˩ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɨn˨˩ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

to examine; to look at (a problem, etc.)


đảm nhận

[ʔɗaːm˧˩ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˧˨ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 擔 (“to shoulder; to bear”) and 認 (“to accept”).

vi-etym-sino

to take on (a difficult task); to undertake


thúc đẩy

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]


cắt giảm

cắt giảm chi phí sinh hoạt


ngoẹo

(Central Vietnam, Northern Vietnam) to turn; to make a turn


phán xử

[faːn˧˦ sɨ˧˩]

[faːŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˧˨]

[faːŋ˦˥ sɨ˨˩˦]

người phán xử


nêu

Likely from an infixed form of a root that also gave rise to modern bêu (“to raise, to expose”).

to raise (a question, suggestion, etc.); to bring up; to set


thoảng

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˦]

(of wind, odour, etc.) to sweep past; to be fleeting


tổn thương

[ton˧˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˧˨ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[toŋ˨˩˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]


thúc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 促 (“to urge”, SV: xúc).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xúc</i>

vi-etym-sino

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


dẫn dụ

[zən˦ˀ˥ zu˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˨ jʊw˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ jʊw˨˩˨]

to entice; to allure; to attract; to seduce


quăng

Cognate with Arem kwaŋ, Khasi kawang (“to throw, hurl”). Ultimately of imitative origin, compare English wang.
See also quẳng and văng.

to throw (horizontally, forcefully and far); to cast; to fling; to hurl

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to throw away; to toss out


dọn dẹp

[zɔn˧˨ʔ zɛp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɔŋ˨˩ʔ jɛp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɔŋ˨˩˨ jɛp̚˨˩˨]

to put in order; to tidy up; to clean up


cân bằng

[kən˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


thăng bằng

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]


thẩm mĩ

[tʰəm˧˩ mi˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˨ mɪj˧˨]

[tʰəm˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 審美, composed of 審 (“to judge”) and 美 (“beauty”). Compare Japanese 審美 (shinbi).

phẫu thuật thẩm mĩ

(informal, usually attributive) to be cosmetic; to be aesthetic


bịa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詖 (SV: bí).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bí</i>

vi-etym-sino

(informal) to make up (a story, claim, etc.)