áy náy

head

áy náy • (愛乃)

vi-verb

áy náy • (愛乃)

[ʔaj˨˩˦ naj˨˩˦]

Nghĩ lại thì đúng là áy náy với hành động của mình ngày xưa.

Think back now, I really do feel bad about my own actions back then.


kiềm chế

[kiəm˨˩ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[kiəm˦˩ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]


quan ngại

[kwaːn˧˧ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 關礙 (“to interfere; to hinder”); reinterpreted as if quan (in quan tâm) + ngại (in lo ngại).

com

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quan tâm</i>

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lo ngại</i>

(often officialese) to become concerned (about)


sinh ra

[sïŋ˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʐaː˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ ʐaː˧˧]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]


thuyết phục

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

có sức thuyết phục


sinh sản

[sïŋ˧˧ saːn˧˩]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˧˨]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[sɨn˧˧ saːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生產 (“to produce; to reproduce”).

vi-etym-sino

sinh sản ở động vật có vú


thoa

to apply, to put, to rub substances or liquids (like hand cream, suncream, whipped cream, lotion, moisturizer,etc)


đảm bảo

[ʔɗaːm˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˩]

[ʔɗaːm˧˨ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

Có thật không ?
Anh thề, anh hứa, anh đảm bảo !
Really?
Yes! I swear, I promise, I assure you!


nhủ

(chiefly in compounds) to advise; to instruct


thay thế

thay + thế, composed of the non-Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese readings of 替, respectively.


thách thức

[tʰajk̟̚˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[tʰat̚˦˧˥ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰat̚˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


khẳng định

[xaŋ˧˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[kʰaŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[xaŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

[xaŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 肯定, from Japanese 肯定 (kōtei).


sắp đặt

[sap̚˧˦ ʔɗat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂap̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[sap̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂap̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]

[sap̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]


bảo hộ

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ho˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ how˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ how˨˩˨]


lèo lái

[lɛw˦˩ laːj˨˩˦]

to steer (a boat, conversation, etc.); to drive; to control


tăng viện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 增援, composed of 增 (“to increase”) and 援 (“aid”).

[taŋ˧˧ viən˧˨ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taŋ˧˧ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[taŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

(historical, military) to send reinforcements


lớn mạnh

[ləːn˧˦ majŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ləːŋ˦˧˥ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ləːŋ˦˥ man˨˩˨]


nói năng

[nɔj˧˦ naŋ˧˧]

[nɔj˨˩˦ naŋ˧˧]

[nɔj˦˥ naŋ˧˧]


truyền thụ

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰu˧˨ʔ]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰʊw˨˩˨]

to impart; to teach; to transmit (knowledge)


đón tiếp

[ʔɗɔn˧˦ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˥ tip̚˦˥]


thi hành

[tʰi˧˧ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɪj˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 施行 (shikō, sekō).


sùng kính

[sʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kïŋ˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kɨn˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kɨn˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kɨn˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kɨn˦˥]

(literary) to venerate; to hold in reverence


hiệu đính

[hiəw˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˦]

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 校訂 (SV: giáo đính).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giáo đính</i>


chiêu đãi

[t͡ɕiəw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕiw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨]

[ciw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 招待 (“to entertain”).

to entertain (a guest); to host; to receive; to extend hospitality (to)


cô lập

[ko˧˧ ləp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kow˧˧ ləp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kow˧˧ ləp̚˨˩˨]

to stand in isolation; to isolate or be isolated


cảm phục

[kaːm˧˩ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 感服, composed of 感 (“to be moved”) and 服 (“to be convinced”).

to hold in respect; to admire; to esteem


tạo thành

[taːw˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[taːw˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩]


nộp

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 納 (“to hand in; to pay”, SV: nạp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nạp</i>

vi-etym-sino

nộp đơn

nộp học phí

nộp thuế


chuộc

[t͡ɕuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 贖 (“to redeem”, SV: thục).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thục</i>


giao nộp

Dân giao nộp gấu ngựa nặng gần 200 kg cho Trung tâm cứu hộ động vật tại Đồng Nai

2017 December 21, “Tin nóng 24G: Vén màn bí mật phòng khám Trung Quốc (Latest News 24h: Revealing the secret of Chinese clinics) (at 1:00)”, in Tuổi Trẻ, archived from the original on 2017-12-22:

Citizens send a nearly 200 kg black bear to Đồng Nai Animal Rescue Centre


nhập khẩu

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ xəw˧˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰəw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ xəw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ xəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 入口, Chinese 入口 (rùkǒu), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 入口 (iriguchi, “entrance”).


tuyên bố

[twiən˧˧ ʔɓo˧˦]

[twiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ʔɓow˦˥]

Tổng thống Mỹ [George W.] Bush hôm qua tuyên bố Saddam Hussein không có vũ khí huỷ diệt hàng loạt khi Mỹ tấn công đất nước vùng Vịnh này. Tuyên bố của ông cho rằng trách nhiệm thuộc về các cơ quan tình báo Mỹ.

2004 October 8, Ngọc Sơn, “Bush thừa nhận Iraq không có vũ khí huỷ diệt [Bush admitted that Iraq did not have weapons of [mass] destruction]”, in VnExpress:

Yesterday [7 October 2004], U.S. President [George W.] Bush declared that Saddam Hussein did not have weapons of mass destruction when the U.S. attacked this Gulf country. His declaration placed responsibility on the U.S. intelligence agencies.

Thảo sải bước đến bàn học của Châu, cầm tay nó lôi ra trước mặt Minh.
Hai người con gái đối diện với Minh, một người xinh đẹp đến đáng sợ, một người học giỏi đến đáng sợ. Thảo mạnh mồm tuyên bố:
- Tao và Châu có rất nhiều điểm khác nhau. Nó thích mày… còn tao thì không.

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, “Chương 15: Nó thích mày [Chapter 15: She Likes You]”, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

Thảo strode to Châu's desk and dragged her toward Minh.
Two girls were standing in front of Minh, one scarily beautiful, one scarily studious. Thảo boldly declared, "There are many differences between me and Châu. She likes you… I don't."


muôn thú

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˦˥]

Misconstruction of muông thú, due to muôn (“all; pan-”).


hắt hủi

to treat badly; to neglect; to spurn; to reject


xem bói

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˧˦]

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˨˩˦]

[sɛm˧˧ ʔɓɔj˦˥]


nhậu nhẹt

[ɲəw˧˨ʔ ɲɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəw˨˩ʔ ɲɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəw˨˩˨ ɲɛk̚˨˩˨]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to drink hard; to booze; to carouse


thích thú

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ tʰu˧˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ tʰʊw˦˥]

thích + thú. Sino-Vietnamese word from 適 and 趣.


biết ơn

[ʔɓiət̚˧˦ ʔəːn˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˦˥ ʔəːŋ˧˧]


tham nhũng

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ɲʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

tham (as in tham ô) + nhũng (as in nhũng nhiễu). Sino-Vietnamese word from 貪冗 (“corruption”).

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tham ô</i>

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhũng nhiễu</i>

vi-etym-sino

chống tham nhũng


hôn hít

[hoŋ˧˧ hit̚˦˧˥]

[hoŋ˧˧ hɨt̚˦˥]


vời

(archaic or literary) to summon; to convoke


hội đồng

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

(colloquial, slang) Clipping of đánh hội đồng (“to gang up on”).


ghẹ

to sponge (something from someone); to do at the expense of others


đuổi

head

対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛

đuổi • (対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛)

vi-verb

対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛

đuổi • (対, 𨒻, 𨘗, 𨆷, 𧻐, 𨆏, 𬩛)

対 (CJK)
𨒻 (CJK)
𨘗 (CJK)
𨆷 (CJK)
𧻐 (CJK)
𨆏 (CJK)
𬩛 (CJK)

đuổi học

to expel (from an educational institution)

đuổi việc

to kick out, to chivy, to expel, to drive out


nhờn

nhờn thuốc

to be unaffected by a drug/medicine due to excess use

to behave with familiarity; to behave in a cheeky or disrespectful manner due to familiarity; to take liberties (with)


lờn

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of nhờn


đắm đuối

[ʔɗam˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[ʔɗam˦˧˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗam˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]

to be completely spellbound (by love etc.); to be over head and ears; to be captivated


mai mối

mai + mối, both are non-Sino-Vietnamese readings of Chinese 媒 (“matchmaker”, SV: môi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">môi</i>


vặt

vặt lông gà


đòi hỏi

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˧˩]

[ʔɗɔj˦˩ hɔj˧˨]

[ʔɗɔj˨˩ hɔj˨˩˦]


gạt

gạt giò

to level off; to scrape off (said of cereals)

(Southern Vietnam) to give security for (debt)


gạt

(Southern Vietnam) to dupe; to trick; to cheat


rượt

head

rượt • (趠, 𧺕, 𫑓)

vi-verb

rượt • (趠, 𧺕, 𫑓)


thì thào

head

thì thào (reduplication thì thà thì thào)

[tʰi˨˩ tʰaːw˨˩]

[tʰɪj˦˩ tʰaːw˦˩]

[tʰɪj˨˩ tʰaːw˨˩]

Hắn còn thì thào mấy câu gì nữa, nhưng tôi không nghe được.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 4, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

He whispered several more sentences, but I couldn't hear him.


bác bẻ

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ʔɓɛ˧˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦]

Không biết lão Ba Ngù nói vậy có đúng không, nhưng chẳng thấy ai bác bẻ lại lão.

I didn't know if what Mr Ba Ngù had told was true, but it seemed no-one contradicted him.


bưng

- Bưng cháo ra đây, chú em? - tiếng con gián điệp gọi lên lanh lảnh, khiến tôi nổi gai ốc khắp người.

"Bring us the congee, will you?" the spy's voice called loudly, giving me goosebumps all over.


biếu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 俵 (SV: biểu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biểu</i>

vi-etym-sino

to cordially give (a present, usually to someone of higher status)


chổng kềnh

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˩ kəjŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˨ ken˦˩]

[cəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ kəːn˨˩]

Borrowed from Khmer ចង្គ្រាង (cɑɑcɑngkriəng, “to be flat or to fall on one's back with the limbs up in the air”).

bor

(colloquial) to fall on one's back; to topple or roll over


đính hôn

[ʔɗïŋ˧˦ hon˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˦˧˥ hoŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˦˥ hoŋ˧˧]


phảng phất

[faːŋ˧˩ fət̚˧˦]

[faːŋ˧˨ fək̚˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ fək̚˦˥]

to seem to be; to bear a slight resemblance to


thích nghi

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ ŋi˧˧]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ ŋɪj˧˧]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ ŋɪj˧˧]

Loài xâm lấn là những loài giỏi thích nghi với môi trường sống phi bản địa.

Invasive species are those highly adaptive to non-native environments.

to adapt (to); to adjust (to); to accustom (to)


khuất

(limited usage, usually said of wind, sunlight, etc.) to be absent

limited usage; sunlight; limited usage; sunlight

(formal, literary) to have passed away; to be gone


khuất

(rare, usually in the negative) Synonym of khuất phục (“to submit; to yield”)


khai tâm

[kʰaːj˧˧ təm˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˧ təm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 開心, composed of 開 (“to open; to enlighten”) and 心 (“heart; mind”).

vi-etym-sino

to begin teaching the alphabet (to children)


lạng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 兩 (SV: lượng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lượng</i>


nặn

to squeeze for fluid to come out, especially to pop pimples


khuất phục

[xwət̚˧˦ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwək̚˦˧˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[xwək̚˦˥ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


che chắn

[t͡ɕɛ˧˧ t͡ɕan˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛ˧˧ t͡ɕaŋ˦˧˥]

[cɛ˧˧ caŋ˦˥]


nhặng

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蠅 (“fly”, SV: dăng). If true, then:
* It is a doublet of Vietnamese lằng (“common green bottle fly”).
* Its nặng-tone (instead of expected huyền) has resulted from either an irregular sound change (see vẹn), or borrowing from a regional Chinese dialect (see tạnh), or indirect borrowing (see tiếng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dăng</i>


thôn ấp

[tʰon˧˧ ʔəp̚˧˦]

[tʰoŋ˧˧ ʔəp̚˦˧˥]

[tʰoŋ˧˧ ʔəp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 村 (“village”) and 邑 (“county”).

vi-etym-sino

Tất cả những nơi mắt tôi nhìn thấy, chân tôi bước qua đều đã mất đi sự bình yên phẳng lặng của nó, không khí chiến tranh đã tràn về tận các thôn ấp xa xôi nhất…

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 5, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

All the places I saw and passed had lost their peacefulness and tranquility; the feeling of war had spread to the most remote hamlets.


chuột rút

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ zut̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ʐʊk̚˦˧˥]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

From chuột (“biceps”) + rút (“to pull out or pull back”).


ngăn

head

垠, 拫, 艮, 銀, 𪭳

vi-verb

垠, 拫, 艮, 銀, 𪭳

to stop or prevent someone from doing something


buông

head

𢭾, 葻, 𢶻, 喯, 捹, 𦀋, 󱖮, 󰇵

vi-verb

𢭾, 葻, 𢶻, 喯, 捹, 𦀋, 󱖮, 󰇵

𢭾 (CJK)
葻 (CJK)
𢶻 (CJK)
喯 (CJK)
捹 (CJK)
𦀋 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 放 (SV: phóng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phóng</i>

vi-etym-sino

buông rèm


phóng sinh

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 放生, composed of 放 (“to release”) and 生 (“life”).

(chiefly Buddhism) to "release" captive animals into the wild


trêu

head

嘹, 撩, 𠰉, 繚, 招

vi-verb

嘹, 撩, 𠰉, 繚, 招

Attested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651) as tlêu. Possibly related to lêu lêu (“to boo”).

(chiefly Northern Vietnam) to tease, to poke fun


quá cố

Sino-Vietnamese word from 過 (“to pass”) and 故 (“old; to pass away”).

vi-etym-sino

Đừng "cố quá" kẻo mà "quá cố" bây giờ.

Don't try too hard, you'll kill yourself in the process.


phá giới

[faː˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[faː˨˩˦ jəːj˨˩˦]

[faː˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 破戒, composed of 破 (“to break”) and 戒 (“precept”)

(Buddhism, of a monk or nun) to break fundamental Buddhist precepts, typically veganism, or abstinence from alcohol or sex


chuyển dịch

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ jɨt̚˨˩˨]


khuyến học

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


quyến rũ

[kwiəŋ˦˧˥ ʐʊw˧˨]

[wiəŋ˦˥ ɹʊw˨˩˦]

The now obsolete form quyến dũ is quite sufficiently attested, notably in the Southern dialects that did not have the ‹r-›-‹d-› merger. The second element most likely being a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 誘 (SV: dụ).
The form rũ might be a result of hypercorrection due to the merger ‹r-›-‹d-› in the inland Northern dialects, with the new spelling then spread and adopted in the dialects where the merger did not occur.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dụ</i>


khuyến nông

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwiəŋ˦˥ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]


sán

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 趁 (“to accompany”, SV: sấn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sấn</i>


dính dáng

[zïŋ˧˦ zaːŋ˧˦]

[jɨn˦˧˥ jaːŋ˦˧˥]

[jɨn˦˥ jaːŋ˦˥]

to be implicated (in); to be involved (in)


phá sản

[faː˨˩˦ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[faː˨˩˦ saːŋ˧˨]

[faː˦˥ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[faː˦˥ saːŋ˨˩˦]


tiếp thị

[tiəp̚˧˦ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tip̚˦˥ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 接 (“to approach”) and 市 (“market”); short for tiếp cận (“to approach”) + thị trường (“market”).


khai báo

[xaːj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[xaːj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

[xaːj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

to give an account of; to inform; to testify


đồn

From a late form of Old Chinese 傳 (OC *m-tron) (B-S) (SV: truyền), yet still before Eastern Han Chinese *d̥uan (Schuessler 2007 & 2009). Doublet of truyền, truyện, chuyền, and chuyện.


rạch

Compare Proto-Katuic *crɛɛk (“to split”) (whence Pacoh treic) and Khmer ច្រៀក (criək). Related to rách.


làm ăn

[laːm˦˩ ʔaŋ˧˧]

[laːm˨˩ ʔaŋ˧˧]

to work (for one's living); to make a living; to do business


căn dặn

[kaŋ˧˧ jaŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaŋ˧˧ jaŋ˨˩˨]


nghịch

Sino-Vietnamese word from 逆 (“to oppose”). Doublet of ngược.

vi-etym-sino

Nó đang ngồi nghịch máy tính.

(usually of a child) to fiddle or play around with something

Thằng cu con em nghịch như giặc.

(chiefly Northern Vietnam, usually of a child) to be playfully naughty


dặn

Mẹ dặn/nhắc khoá cửa cẩn thận.

Ổng dặn tui mua một chục trứng trên đường về.

He told me to buy 10 eggs on my way home.

Bố đã dặn/nhắc đi dặn/nhắc lại rồi mà con vẫn không nhớ !

I reminded you like a hundred times and you still forgot!

to tell or remind, demandingly, that someone need or have to do something later


hỏi han

[hɔj˧˨ haːŋ˧˧]

[hɔj˨˩˦ haːŋ˧˧]

hỏi (“to ask”) + han, the latter from Proto-Vietic *haːɲ (“to ask”). Compare Proto-Katuic *haaɲ (“news, rumour”).


quậy

head

挂, 掛, 揆, 癸, 跪

vi-verb

挂, 掛, 揆, 癸, 跪

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to disturb; to harass; to be mischievous


câu kết

[kəw˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[kəw˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]


giao thiệp

[zaːw˧˧ tʰiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ tʰiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ tʰip̚˨˩˨]


hoà giải

[waː˨˩ jaːj˨˩˦]


hạch

Sino-Vietnamese word from 核. Doublet of hạt.

to cross-question; to demand this and that; to demand satisfaction


bại

(often collocates with its antonym “thành”) to fail


chiếm đoạt

[t͡ɕiəm˧˦ ʔɗwaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiəm˦˧˥ ʔɗwaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[cim˦˥ ʔɗwaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 占奪 (“to seize by force”).

vi-etym-sino

to seize by force; to appropriate; to usurp


chửa hoang

[t͡ɕɨə˧˩ hwaːŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨə˧˨ hwaːŋ˧˧]

[cɨə˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

(of a girl) to be pregnant without getting married, or to be made pregnant by a lover


cân đối

[kən˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoj˦˥]


dẹp

Dẹp quần áo cho gọn coi nào !

Put your clothes away neatly for heaven's sake!

dẹp giặc

dẹp loạn

Dẹp ba cái chuyện nhảm đi ! Tao không có thời gian !

Dẹp đi !

Dẹp cha nó ba cái vụ Vũng Tàu với vũng ghe đi! Bộ thằng Hai Hùng để tao mặc quần đùi bộ đội xuống biển, xuống đến đâu sủi bong bóng ra đến đó hả. Dẹp! Cùng đi, cùng vô, cùng về.

1995, Chu Lai, Đi tìm dĩ vãng [Seeking the Past], Nhà xuất bản Hội Nhà văn:

To hell with all that Vũng Tàu shit! Does Hai Hùng really expect me to dive into the ocean in trunks and froth all over my mouth? Fuck that! We go in and go out, together!

“Vậy thì mày dẹp mẹ cái tình yêu gà chết của mày lại cho rồi!”

2005, VẪN XANH MÀU ÁO [OUR UNIFORMS ARE STILL GREEN], Nhà xuất bản Trẻ:

“How ‘bout you fuck right off with your sloppy love!?”

“Dẹp mẹ ông đi. Đã không làm được cái cứt gì còn gây rối”, thằng em kề người chủ nói.
[…]
“Dẹp mẹ cái mõm tụi bay đi, hùa theo kiếm chút thịt chó mà hễ cứ mở miệng là khích bác”, người chủ nói.
“Tụi tôi cần mẹ gì chút thịt chó của anh”, gã trung niên da vàng ệch nói.

2007, TRUYỆN NGẮN HAY VÀ ĐOẠT GIẢ VĂN NGHỆ QUÂN ĐỘI MỚI [NEW BEST SHORTS THAT WON MILITARY LITERARY AWARDS], Nhà xuất bản Phụ nữ:

“Fuck you, man. You don’t do jack shit and you keep fucking around,” said the younger fellow next to the host.
[…]
“Shut your fucking traps, all of you! You tag along for some dog meat and you sneer every time you open your mouths,” said the host.
“We don’t need your fucking dog meat,” said the yellow-skinned middle-aged dude.

Tim Bự rất mê những trò này, chúng làm cuộc đời thú vị hẳn lên. Có một tay ghi cá cược ở L.A. bị hắn lừa năm mươi[sic] ngàn tiền đặt chơi bóng đá. Tay này đã chĩa súng vào đầu nó. Tim Bự nói:
- Dẹp mẹ mày đi.
Rồi đưa cho tay đó mười ngàn để trả nợ. Tay này nhận tiền liền.

(Can we date this quote?), Mario Puzo, translated by Trịnh Huy Ninh, Ông trùm cuối cùng [The Last Don]:

Big Tim loved these games because they made life fun. There was a bookmaker in L.A. who was cheated by him out of fifty grand on a football bet. That guy pointed a gun at him.
Big Tim said, "Go fuck yourself."
And he gave him back ten grand to pay his debt. He took that money right away.

Ly thảng thảng thốt thốt, giật mình đùng đùng, vội xới lại quá khứ. Chết mẹ, không lẽ lần trước nó nói sợ chó là nói điêu. Nó nói điêu để được Ly đi trước bảo vệ? Với đầu óc của một con người đọc ngôn tình nhiều như Ly, Ly đủ thông minh để nghi ngờ: lẽ nào Tùng thích mình? Dẹp cha đi, bà đây không yêu đương gì hết, không bao giờ tin vào đàn ông nữa. Một lần từng trải đối với Ly là quá đủ rồi!

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, “Chương 86: Tầm ngắm mới [Chapter 86: New Target]”, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

Ly was jolted and shocked, and tried to dig into her memory. Shit, did he lie when he said he was afraid of dogs? If he did, could it be for Ly to take the lead and shield him? With a mind fueled by romantic fiction like Ly's, she knew enough to suspect Tùng might've liked her. Fuck that, she was not falling for that, she'd never trust guys again. One time was too many!

out of sight, out of mind
out of sight, out of mind#English

to make something go away, out of sight, out of mind; to put away, put aside, set aside, get rid of, stop mentioning, etc.


cho thấy

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰəj˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ tʰəj˨˩˦]

[cɔ˧˧ tʰəj˦˥]

From cho (“to give”) + thấy (“to see”), i.e. "to let to see".


vụ

vụ danh lợi

vụ thành tích


xúc

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


nổi dậy

[noj˨˩˦ jəj˨˩˨]


mắng

From Proto-Vietic *c-maŋʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rməŋ (“to listen”). Cognate with Chut [Rục] cəmaŋ³, Bolyu mɔŋ³³, Mon မှိၚ်, Eastern Lawa ฮมอง.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 車莽 (MC tsyhae mangX) (modern SV: xa mảng).

花柳朝春拱有情
於眉為摆節眉清
㐌曾固㗂工代女
君子埃拯𠻵名

15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “竹詩 Trúc thi 1”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):

The willow flowers in a spring afternoon are romantic,
(I am) Fond of thee for thine aura is refined.
Thou whose repute is known in life
(Among the) men of creed, who hasn't heard of thy name?

Hoa liễu chiều xuân cũng hữu tình,
Ưa mày vì bởi tiết mày thanh.
Đã từng có tiếng trong đời nữa,
Quân tử ai chẳng mắng danh.


đầu thai

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰaːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ tʰaːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰaːj˧˧]


lắp

(Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of lấp (“to fill”)


giở

Doublet of trở in modern written Vietnamese.
Originally the (inland) Northern form (see giai for the sound change), now widely used in the written language. In the meaning "to turn, to change", its usage has been eclipsed by the Central-Southern form trở.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰呂巴, composed of 巴 (MC pae) + 呂 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: ba lã) and 呂 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: lã).

Giở sách, trang 26.

to open (a book, etc.), to unroll, to unfold

Bà kia y nhời ấy giở về làm cơm. Ông ấy mới cầm một con dao to lội xuống ruộng dọn cỏ, chưa đến buổi trưa, đã dọn quang cả 5 mẫu ruộng. Dọn xong, nằm ngủ dưới gốc cây, tiếng ngáy như sấm.

1909, Phan Kế Bính, “Lương-hữu-Khánh”, in Nam Hải dị nhân liệt truyện:

The old lady followed his words and went home to prepare a meal. He took a big machete, wading through the fields to clear all the vegetation; not even noon, he had already cleared five mẫu. Done with slashing weeds, he took a nap in the shade of a tree, his snores were thunderous.

Tiếng kêu râm ran:
 - Nó chiếm sở Tài chính rồi! Nó giở mặt thực sự rồi!

1961, Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô:

Voices resounded:
 - They got the Financial building! They had really betrayed us!

Northern Vietnam form of trở (“to turn, to change”)

trở

originally Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, now widely used


點眼

chữ Hán form of điểm nhãn (“to consecrate a Buddha image”).


lấp lánh

[ləp̚˧˦ lajŋ̟˧˦]

[ləp̚˦˧˥ lɛɲ˦˧˥]


học hỏi

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ hɔj˨˩˦]


cuồn cuộn

[kuəŋ˦˩ kuəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kuəŋ˨˩ kuəŋ˨˩˨]

(ideophonic) to curl up; to roll; to billow


bối rối

[ʔɓoj˨˩˦ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓoj˦˥ ɹoj˦˥]

to be at a loss; to be confused; to be embarrassed


ứa

Tay chân mình run run muốn ứa nước mắt, vậy mà mấy đứa trong lớp cứ cười lăn cười bò.

My hands and feet were shaking and I wanted to cry (lit. let out tears), but the kids in the class kept on laughing.

(of liquids etc.) to run; to ooze; to overflow


méc

This word is semantic rather than merely onomatopoeic, which makes /ɛːk/ an unusual rhyme even for southern dialects (the old rhyme /ɛːk/ has developed into in most words, from example, Vietnamese hạch < Proto-Vietic *-hɛːk). Some authors have spelt it mét instead. See also ẹc.

(colloquial, Southern Vietnam) to sneak, to tell, to report (something bad) about someone


đun

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燉 (SV: đốn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đốn</i>


làm hư

[laːm˨˩ hɨ˧˧]

[laːm˦˩ hɨ˧˧]

[laːm˨˩ hɨ˧˧]

...làm hư hỏng tài sản của người khác. Người thực hiện hành vi này sẽ tác động vào tài sản bằng cách: đốt, nhổ, chặt, chém...

...damage someone else's property. People performing this act will affect the property by: burning, dismantling, chopping, slashing...


ngon giấc

[ŋɔn˧˧ zək̚˧˦]

[ŋɔŋ˧˧ jək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɔŋ˧˧ jək̚˦˥]


dức

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trách</i>

vi-etym-sino

non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 責 (SV: trách)

(Central Vietnam) to deride; to abuse; to insult; to reprove


giồng

Northern Vietnam form of trồng (“to plant”)


bắt cóc

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ kawk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kawk͡p̚˦˥]

The Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895) explains this as a truncation of the phrase bắt cóc bỏ dĩa (“pointless, futile”, literally “to get a toad and put it on a plate”), since a toad (captive) being put on a plate (useless confinement) can easily jump away; if so, the second element is indeed cóc (“toad”). Still, this might just be a folk etymology.


chế tác

[t͡ɕe˧˦ taːk̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕej˨˩˦ taːk̚˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 製作 (“manufacture/compose”).

to craft; to artfully create; to finely manufacture; to skillfully produce (especially something exquisite or precious)


dính

head

酩, 穎, 𬗀, 粘, 颖, 訂, 性

vi-verb

酩, 穎, 𬗀, 粘, 颖, 訂, 性

酩 (CJK)
穎 (CJK)
𬗀 (CJK)
粘 (CJK)
颖 (CJK)
訂 (CJK)
性 (CJK)

Cognate with Chut [Mày] patĭŋ³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).
Formally, this looks like a causative prefixed (Proto-Vietic prefix *pr- ~ *p-) derivative of a root. This root is probably of Sinitic origin and related to the modern Sino-Vietnamese morpheme định (定), i.e. "to make fixed" or "to cause to be fixed". Another possibility is that the root is related to đính (釘) instead.


nhỏng

Đầu súng nhỏng lên trời.


mà cả

[maː˨˩ kaː˧˩]

[maː˦˩ kaː˧˨]

[maː˨˩ kaː˨˩˦]


cải tiến

[kaːj˧˨ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[kaːj˨˩˦ tiəŋ˦˥]


giáp lá cà

[zaːp̚˧˦ laː˧˦ kaː˨˩]

[jaːp̚˦˧˥ laː˨˩˦ kaː˦˩]

[jaːp̚˦˥ laː˦˥ kaː˨˩]

đánh giáp lá cà
đánh giáp lá cà#Vietnamese


bảnh mắt

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˩ mat̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˧˨ mak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓan˨˩˦ mak̚˦˥]

Sáng bảnh mắt rồi mà còn nằm đó nướng hả thằng kia?

Dude, it's broad daylight and somehow you're still sleeping in?

(colloquial, usually in compounds) to open one's eyes and wake up (in the early morning)


có chửa

[kɔ˧˦ t͡ɕɨə˧˩]

[kɔ˨˩˦ t͡ɕɨə˧˨]

[kɔ˦˥ cɨə˨˩˦]


hãi

(Southern Vietnam) to fear; to be afraid (of)


cãi

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cải</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 改 (“to correct”, SV: cải)


chăng

This is the form that did not undergo lenition.

Nhện chăng tơ.

Alternative form of giăng (“to stretch; to spread”)


giỏ

(Northern Vietnam) Alternative form of nhỏ (“to drip”)


măm

(onomatopoeia, colloquial, of a baby) to eat


choãi

[t͡ɕwaːj˦ˀ˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˦]


tuẫn tiết

[twən˦ˀ˥ tiət̚˧˦]

[twəŋ˧˨ tiək̚˦˧˥]

[t⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦ tiək̚˦˥]

Hai Bà Trưng tuẫn tiết.
The Trưng sisters committed virtuous suicide.

(literary) to kill oneself for something grand, such as a principle, a virtue, an ideal, etc.


tử vì đạo

[tɨ˧˩ vi˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˨ vɪj˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˦ vɪj˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

[tɨ˨˩˦ jɪj˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]


hóc

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *hɔɔk; cognate with Eastern Mnong dhŏk (“to choke”) and Proto-Katuic *hɔɔk (“to choke on food”) (whence Pacoh hoq). Related to Acehnese huëk.


trẫm mình

[t͡ɕəm˦ˀ˥ mïŋ˨˩]

[ʈəm˧˨ mɨn˦˩]

[ʈəm˨˩˦ mɨn˨˩]

(literary) to commit suicide by jumping into the water to drown


trầm mình

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ mïŋ˨˩]

[ʈəm˦˩ mɨn˦˩]

[ʈəm˨˩ mɨn˨˩]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of trẫm mình


ngỡ

(literary) to think that; to believe (wrongly that)


giỡn

Cognate with rỡn in cà rỡn and possibly nhởn.

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to joke, to play


thấm

Tới đã thấm mệt và bắt đầu buồn ngủ.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 10, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:


ăn mày

[ʔaŋ˧˧ maj˦˩]

(colloquial, of a beggar) to beg for money


chốc

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

chốc ngược chai

to invert the bottle (to flip the bottle upside-down)


quảy

Tôi đã chen vào giữa, quảy tòn ten một cái gùi bé mà má nuôi tôi đã bơi xuồng đi mượn của nhà đi ngoài xóm bìa rừng từ chiều hôm qua.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 9, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

I came in between, carrying a basket dangling from a shoulder pole, for which my adoptive mother rowed the boat to the hamlet at the border of the forest to borrow it yesterday afternoon.


rẫy

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 離 (SV: li), from the transitive departing-tone derivation *raj-s "to reject" of Old Chinese *raj "to depart".

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">li</i>

vi-etym-sino

to abandon; to repudiate; to renounce (one's wife)


phê bình

[fe˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[fej˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[fej˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

nhà phê bình


chịch

[t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]


chòi

Thanh niên liều lĩnh dùng dây kim loại để chòi cục pin trong hậu môn.

The reckless youth used a metal wire to knock out the battery from within his anus.

to knock down; to pick out; to dislodge (especially with a long tool)


khấn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 懇 (SV: khẩn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khẩn</i>

vi-etym-sino

to beg or pray to gods, spirits or ancestors


vỡ lòng

[vəː˦ˀ˥ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[vəː˧˨ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[vəː˧˨ lɔŋ˦˩]

[vəː˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[jəː˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

From vỡ (“to break; to open”) + lòng (“intestines; heart”). A native calque of the Sino-Vietnamese khai tâm (開心, “to open one's heart; to begin to learn”).

vi-link

lớp vỡ lòng

học vỡ lòng

trình độ vỡ lòng

học tiếng Anh vỡ lòng

to learn English from the ground up; to start learning/dabbling in English

to learn something from the very beginning, as a complete newbie


lở

Khi mọi việc đã lọn thì các đấng Vítvồ đã ôm lấy nhau trong tay Đức Chúa Lời chúc mọi sự lành cho nhau, rồi lở về nơi mình bằng yên.

1915, Synodo Tunquinensé. Công đồng hội lần thứ nhất. Miền Bắc Kỳ (Đàng Ngoài trong nước Annam), năm 1900., II edition:

Once everything is entirely done, the bishops embraced each other in our Lord in Heaven's grace and wished each other all the best, they then returned safely to their own dwelling.

(coastal Northern Vietnam, likely obsolete) Alternative form of trở (“to turn, to change”)

coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete; coastal Northern Vietnam; likely obsolete


lở

head

呂, 𪡉, 𡋿, 𣳮, 𨹬, 𥓅, 㾔

lở • (呂, 𪡉, 𡋿, 𣳮, 𨹬, 𥓅, 㾔)

vi-verb

呂, 𪡉, 𡋿, 𣳮, 𨹬, 𥓅, 㾔

lở • (呂, 𪡉, 𡋿, 𣳮, 𨹬, 𥓅, 㾔)

呂 (CJK)
𪡉 (CJK)
𡋿 (CJK)
𣳮 (CJK)
𨹬 (CJK)
𥓅 (CJK)
㾔 (CJK)

Might be simply a semantic extension/semantic alteration of the etymology above. If this is indeed true, this word has the same origin as giở (“to turn over, to unfold”) and trở (“to turn”); these three forms would be from three dialectal areas (giở from inland Northern Vietnam, lở from coastal Northern Vietnam, and trở is the Central-Southern form), but had all entered modern written Vietnamese, albeit with altered semantics.

to break up and fall down; to tumble down; to crumble; to collapse

to have a pustular skin eruption, especially one that is painful and itchy


nhể

nhể gai

nhể ốc

to winkle out using a pick; to tweeze, extract


đong

Compare Proto-Katuic *tɔɔŋ (“to strain (liquid)”).


lấy độc trị độc

head

lấy độc trị độc

vi-verb

lấy độc trị độc

[ləj˧˦ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləj˨˩˦ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləj˦˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈɪj˨˩˨ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

lấy (“to take”) + độc (“poison”) + trị (“to treat”) + độc, calque of Chinese 以毒攻毒 (dĩ độc công độc), 以毒治毒 (dĩ độc trị độc).

cal

dĩ độc công độc

fight fire with fire
fight fire with fire#English


tung hoành

[tʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hwajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hwɛɲ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 縱橫, composed of 縱 (“vertical”) and 橫 (“horizontal”)

vi-etym-sino

(literary) to do anything as one pleases


ngất xỉu

[ŋət̚˧˦ siw˧˩]

[ŋək̚˦˧˥ siw˧˨]

[ŋək̚˦˥ siw˨˩˦]


cố ý

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[kow˦˥ ʔɪj˦˥]

tội Cố ý làm trái

the crime of deliberately/knowingly/intentionally contravening (the state's regulations, etc.)

to (do something) intentionally; to (do something) on purpose


làm phiền

[laːm˦˩ fiəŋ˦˩]

[laːm˨˩ fiəŋ˨˩]


phản vệ

[faːŋ˧˨ vej˨˩ʔ]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ vej˨˩˨]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ jej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 反 (“opposite; to oppose”) and 衛 (“to defend”).

(medicine, of the body) to protect itself by launching a reaction to exogenous harmful agents


khuyến mãi

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ maːj˧˨]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ maːj˧˨]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ maːj˨˩˦]

[xwiəŋ˦˥ maːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勸 (“to encourage”) and 買 (“buying”).

to encourage customers to buy products (by using rewards, gifts, etc.)


khủng khiếp

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˩ xiəp̚˧˦]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˧˨ kʰiəp̚˦˧˥]

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˨ xiəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ kʰip̚˦˥]

[xʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ xip̚˦˥]


khuyến mại

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ maːj˨˩ʔ]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ maːj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ maːj˨˩˨]

[xwiəŋ˦˥ maːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勸 (“to encourage”) and 賣 (“selling”).

to promote the sales of products (by using discounts, vouchers, etc.); to advertise commercially


giao thoa

[jaːw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 交叉 (“to cross; to intersect”, SV: giao xoa).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">giao xoa</i>

vi-etym-sino

không gian nghệ thuật độc đáo về sự giao thoa văn hóa hai dân tộc Kinh và Chăm tại Phan Thiết
the unique art atmosphere of cultural crossroads between the Kinh and Chăm peoples in Phan Thiết


ưu ái

[ʔiw˧˧ ʔaːj˧˦]

[ʔɨw˧˧ ʔaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɨw˧˧ ʔaːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 優愛, composed of 優 (“excellent; to give preferential treatment”) and 愛 (“to love”).

Luật sư Thiệp hỏi tiếp: "Có phải vì PVN đầu tư hàng trăm tỷ vào Oceanbank nên ngân hàng này mới ưu ái cho PVC vay vốn với lãi suất chỉ với hơn 5%?".

2018 January 10, “Ông Đinh La Thăng: 'Tôi rất mệt'”, in VNExpress:

Lawyer Thiệp continued to ask: “Is it because PVN invested hundreds of billions in Oceanbank, that this bank provides PVC with interest rates of just over 5%?”


ngẫm

head

ngẫm • (⿰口帛)

vi-verb

ngẫm • (⿰口帛)

→ Tai Dam: ꪈꪾ꪿


miễn trừ

[miən˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕɨ˨˩]

[miəŋ˧˨ ʈɨ˦˩]

[miəŋ˨˩˦ ʈɨ˨˩]


lắp ghép

[lap̚˧˦ ɣɛp̚˧˦]

[lap̚˦˧˥ ɣɛp̚˦˧˥]

[lap̚˦˥ ɣɛp̚˦˥]


tự túc

[tɨ˧˨ʔ tʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˨˩˨ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

chi phí tự túc

to provide for oneself; to suffice for oneself; to be self-sufficient


du hành

[jʊw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]


khai trường

[xaːj˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[xaːj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

[xaːj˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]


tạm ứng

[taːm˧˨ʔ ʔɨŋ˧˦]

[taːm˨˩ʔ ʔɨŋ˦˧˥]

[taːm˨˩˨ ʔɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 暫 (“temporary; provisional”) and 應 (“to respond; to pay in advance”).


giáng hạ

[zaːŋ˧˦ haː˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˧˥ haː˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˥ haː˨˩˨]

(of deity, god) to descend to the mortal world


sai phạm

[ʂaːj˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]


kiến tạo

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[kiəŋ˦˥ taːw˨˩˨]


lẫn

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">loạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 亂 (SV: loạn)

to confuse; to mistake (one for another)

to be confused; to be muddled; to be in one's dotage


trông

head

𥉩, 𥉫, 𥊛, 𪚤, 𪱯, 𪿁, 𪿄, 𬂙, 𬕾, 𬖉

vi-verb

𥉩, 𥉫, 𥊛, 𪚤, 𪱯, 𪿁, 𪿄, 𬂙, 𬕾, 𬖉

𥉩 (CJK)
𥉫 (CJK)
𥊛 (CJK)
𪚤 (CJK)
𪱯 (CJK)
𪿁 (CJK)
𪿄 (CJK)
𬂙 (CJK)
𬕾 (CJK)
𬖉 (CJK)

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trông.wav

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰竜車, composed of 車 (MC kjo|tsyhae) + 竜, alternative form of 龍 (MC ljowng) (modern SV: xa/cư long).


nghẹn ngào

[ŋɛn˧˨ʔ ŋaːw˨˩]

[ŋɛŋ˨˩ʔ ŋaːw˦˩]

[ŋɛŋ˨˩˨ ŋaːw˨˩]

Ông cũng nghẹn ngào khi nói lời đề nghị hội đồng xét xử (HĐXX) đánh giá lại thiệt hại của vụ án từ các hành vi của mình mà xem xét cho những bị cáo là cấp dưới của ông thời kỳ đó.

2018 January 9, “Ông Đinh La Thăng xin toà xem xét cho cấp dưới”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

Choking with emotion, he suggested that the jury review the damage from his own actions in the case, in order to give consideration to the defendants who were his subordinates at the time.


mặc kệ

[mak̚˧˨ʔ ke˧˨ʔ]

(colloquial) to not pay attention to; to ignore


khôn hồn

[kʰoŋ˧˧ hoŋ˦˩]

[xoŋ˧˧ hoŋ˦˩]

[kʰoŋ˧˧ hoŋ˨˩]

[xoŋ˧˧ hoŋ˨˩]

(colloquial, used in threats and warnings) to be wise; to be reasonable; to be sensible


hủ hoá

[hʊw˧˨ hwaː˨˩˦]

[hʊw˨˩˦ waː˦˥]


loan báo

[lwaːn˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[lwaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 關報 (SV: quan báo). See also loan tin.
The first element here reflects of a form of 關 (MC kwaen) descended from *k.rˤ- instead of *kˤr-.
Nohara (2023) is an in-depth treatment into the lexeme "egg" in Old Chinese, presenting etymologically related pairs such as 卵 (MC lwanX, “egg”) (lateral onset, from *k.rˤ-) and 𢺄 (“fish egg”) (velar onset, from *kˤr-) as evidence for complex onsets/consonant clusters in Old Chinese.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quan báo</i>


đánh giáp lá cà

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ zaːp̚˧˦ laː˧˦ kaː˨˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ jaːp̚˦˧˥ laː˨˩˦ kaː˦˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ jaːp̚˦˥ laː˦˥ kaː˨˩]

to engage in a combat, using guns, bayonets, swords, sticks, etc., or bare hands to fight each other


đầu thú

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰu˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tʰʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 投首, composed of 投 (“to throw oneself into; to go to”) and 首 (“to bring charges against”).

Ngày 31-7, Bộ Công an cho biết Trịnh Xuân Thanh đã đến Trực ban hình sự Cơ quan An ninh điều tra - Bộ Công an đầu thú.

2017 December 15, “Ba luật sư được cấp giấy bào chữa cho Trịnh Xuân Thanh”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

On July 31, the Ministry of Public Security announced that Trinh Xuan Thanh had given himself up to the Criminal Duty Unit of the Security Investigation Agency, a branch of the Ministry of Public Security.

to give oneself up (to the police); to surrender oneself


chửa

head

䐗, 媎, 渚, 𡤊, 𤁛, 𪦜

vi-verb

䐗, 媎, 渚, 𡤊, 𤁛, 𪦜

䐗 (CJK)
媎 (CJK)
渚 (CJK)
𡤊 (CJK)
𤁛 (CJK)
𪦜 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 字 (“character, to be pregnant”, SV: tự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>


ngã ngựa

[ŋaː˦ˀ˥ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ŋaː˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ŋaː˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

ngã (“to fall”) + ngựa (“horse”); compare Chinese 落馬／落马 (luòmǎ).

Trên thực tế, sau khi ông Bạc Hi Lai “ngã ngựa”, báo chí phương Tây và Hong Kong đưa tin ông Chu Vĩnh Khang đã rơi vào thế khó.

2012, “Đến lượt đồng minh Bạc Hi Lai ngã ngựa?”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

In fact, after Bo Xilai was ousted, Western and Hong Kong media also reported that Zhou Yongkang was similarly in trouble.

(figurative) to lose one's power, position, success, fame, wealth, etc.; to be caught, arrested, demoted or ousted; to suffer a defeat or failure


mím

mím môi


văng

to ejaculate (to eject abruptly; to throw out suddenly and swiftly)


rút lui

[ʐʊk̚˦˧˥ luj˧˧]

[ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥ luj˧˧]

to withdraw (from something); to stand down


bênh vực

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˧ vɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˧˧ vɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˧˧ vɨk̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɓəːn˧˧ jɨk̚˨˩˨]


chửi mắng

[t͡ɕɨj˧˩ maŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨj˧˨ maŋ˦˧˥]

[cɨj˨˩˦ maŋ˦˥]


dan díu

[jaːŋ˧˧ jiw˨˩˦]

(dated, of a boy and a girl) to have a love relationship; to be in love with each other

to have an affair with; to have an illicit love affair with


đánh giá

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ zaː˧˦]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɗan˦˥ jaː˦˥]


hò hẹn

[hɔ˨˩ hɛn˧˨ʔ]

[hɔ˦˩ hɛŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hɔ˨˩ hɛŋ˨˩˨]

(of a male and a female) to make a date; to date


ngờ

From Old Chinese 疑 (OC *[ŋ](r)ə) (B-S) (SV: nghi).

to doubt; to suspect; to be suspicious (of)

to imagine; to fancy; to think in a way that's actually not true


thâu

thâu tiền

Southern Vietnam form of thu (“to get, to retrieve”)


bầu bạn

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ʔɓaːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˨]

bầu + bạn possibly from Sino-Vietnamese 陪伴.


lắp ráp

[lap̚˦˧˥ ʐaːp̚˦˧˥]

[lap̚˦˥ ɹaːp̚˦˥]


xét xử

[sɛt̚˧˦ sɨ˧˩]

[sɛt̚˦˧˥ sɨ˧˨]

[sɛk̚˦˥ sɨ˨˩˦]


chuốt

[t͡ɕuək̚˦˧˥]


quyết tâm

[kwiək̚˦˧˥ təm˧˧]

[wiək̚˦˥ təm˧˧]


đề xuất

[ʔɗe˨˩ swət̚˧˦]

[ʔɗej˦˩ swək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗej˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]


thanh toán

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ twaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰan˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 清算. Compare Japanese 清算 (seisan).


trọ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 住 (SV: trụ, trú).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trụ, trú</i>


thử thách

[tʰɨ˧˩ tʰajk̟̚˧˦]

[tʰɨ˧˨ tʰat̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨ˨˩˦ tʰat̚˦˥]

to challenge; to try; to put to the test


kích hoạt

[kïk̟̚˧˦ hwaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɨt̚˦˧˥ hwaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɨt̚˦˥ waːk̚˨˩˨]

(transitive; biology, physics, chemistry, software or figuratively) to activate


bốp

(colloquial) to tell straight in someone's face


giám định

[zaːm˧˦ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jaːm˦˧˥ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[jaːm˦˥ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

(usually of an expert) to inspect; to appraise; to examine


tư duy

[tɨ˧˧ jwɪj˧˧]

[tɨ˧˧ j⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧]


chải chuốt

[t͡ɕaːj˧˩ t͡ɕuət̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕaːj˧˨ t͡ɕuək̚˦˧˥]

[caːj˨˩˦ cuək̚˦˥]

(colloquial, rare) to spruce up; to groom; to beautify


đẩy mạnh

[ʔɗəj˧˩ majŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəj˧˨ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəj˨˩˦ man˨˩˨]

to push forward; to promote; to advance; to stimulate


điều khiển

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ xiən˧˩]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ kʰiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ xiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ kʰiəŋ˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ xiəŋ˨˩˦]

to control; to conduct; to manipulate; to operate


nhấn mạnh

[ɲən˧˦ majŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˦˧˥ mɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˦˥ man˨˩˨]


hợp tác

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]

sự hợp tác


động viên

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ viən˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 動員, composed of 動 (“to mobilize”) and 員 (“personnel”), from Japanese 動員 (dōin, “mobilization”).

Mày động viên nó đi khám đi.

Go tell him to check up. It's good for him.

to encourage someone to do something (usually something positive) with reasoning or emotional support


bừng

head

bừng • (𪹚, 𬊠, 平) (reduplication bừng bừng)

𪹚 (CJK)
𬊠 (CJK)
平 (CJK)
bừng bừng (reduplication)

to suddenly flare up; to flush up; to burst out ebulliently; to brighten up


đụng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 動 (SV: động). Compare động.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">động</i>

vi-etym-sino

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

to bump against; to collide (with); to come into collision

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to meet (unexpectedly); to encounter

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to marry (each other)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Synonym of động (“to touch (with, upon)”)


đụng

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

(colloquial) to club together (to eat, buy something)


kêu gọi

[kew˧˧ ɣɔj˧˨ʔ]

[kew˧˧ ɣɔj˨˩ʔ]

[kew˧˧ ɣɔj˨˩˨]


vận động

[vən˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[vəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[vəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[jəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 運動 (“motion; exercise; sports”), Japanese 運動 (undō), Literary Chinese 運動 (yùndòng).

Ra ngoài vận động cho khoẻ người.

to do a physical activity, as opposed to staying sedentary

vận động bà con mua bảo hiểm y tế

to encourage people to buy health insurance

to encourage people to partake in an activity


núc

[nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to chug


núc

[nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


bào chữa

[ʔɓaːw˨˩ t͡ɕɨə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaːw˦˩ t͡ɕɨə˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩ cɨə˨˩˦]


tố tụng

[to˧˦ tʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tow˨˩˦ tʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tow˦˥ tʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

to litigate; to file a lawsuit; to take legal action


chửi bới

[t͡ɕɨj˧˩ ʔɓəːj˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨj˧˨ ʔɓəːj˨˩˦]

[cɨj˨˩˦ ʔɓəːj˦˥]

to insult (out loud); to swear; to call names


chủ nhiệm

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ɲiəm˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ɲiəm˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ɲim˨˩˨]

giáo viên/thầy/cô chủ nhiệm

Năm nay tôi chủ nhiệm lớp 3.

I'll be a homeroom teacher for a 3rd-grade class this year.

(education) to be a homeroom teacher for a class


tra tấn

[t͡ɕaː˧˧ tən˧˦]

[ʈaː˧˧ təŋ˦˧˥]

[ʈaː˧˧ təŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 查 (“to investigate”) and 訊 (“to interrogate”).


勸農

chữ Hán form of khuyến nông (“to encourage agriculture”).


khởi tố

[xəːj˧˩ to˧˦]

[kʰəːj˧˨ tow˨˩˦]

[xəːj˧˨ tow˨˩˦]

[kʰəːj˨˩˦ tow˦˥]

[xəːj˨˩˦ tow˦˥]


tráng miệng

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˦ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˦˧˥ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˦˥ miəŋ˨˩˨]

From tráng (“to rinse”) + miệng (“mouth”), in the sense of "cleansing your palate of savor with juicy fruit or sweet dessert".

ăn nho tráng miệng

món/đồ tráng miệng

fruit or dessert for after the main meal

Có gì tráng miệng không ?
Có chuối.
Got some after-meal food?
I got bananas.

Bạch đậu khấu thường được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu nấu ăn hoặc làm món tráng miệng nhờ hương vị tuyệt vời.

2018 January 17, “Trà bạch đậu khấu thơm ngon với những lợi ích 'vàng' cho sức khỏe”, in Tiền Phong Online:

Cardamom is often used as an ingredient in cooking (main meals) or desserts owing to its excellent flavour.

to have some fruit or dessert after the main meal


lót

lót dép chờ

(literally) to sit on one's flip-flops to wait for

to put, to place something under another thing


dấy

Likely related to dậy, through an earlier prefixal form.


nhào

nhào bột bánh

to knead (to work and press into a mass)

té nhào đầu


dẫn thân

[zən˦ˀ˥ tʰən˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 引 (“to lead”) and 身 (“body; self”).

(colloquial) to bring oneself to; to throw oneself into (e.g. a difficult, dangerous place)


phiên

(colloquial) Short for phiên âm (“to transcribe”).


dự đoán

[zɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[jɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[jɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]


đội lốt

[ʔɗoj˧˨ʔ lot̚˧˦]

[ʔɗoj˨˩ʔ lok̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˨ lok̚˦˥]

to disguise oneself (under the cloak of)


phân phối

[fəŋ˧˧ foj˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ foj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân phối.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 分配, composed of 分 (“to divide”) and 配 (“to join”), from Japanese 分配 (bunpai), from Literary Chinese 分配 (fēnpèi, “to coordinate; to arrange”).


cản trở

[kaːn˧˩ t͡ɕəː˧˩]

[kaːŋ˧˨ ʈəː˧˨]

[kaːŋ˨˩˦ ʈəː˨˩˦]


kiểm điểm

[kiəm˧˩ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[kiəm˧˨ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[kim˨˩˦ ʔɗim˨˩˦]


thi đấu

[tʰi˧˧ ʔɗəw˧˦]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʔɗəw˦˥]


ăn hàng

[ʔan˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

(Southern Vietnam) to eat between meals; to snack (when outside)


khoác

[kʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]


vươn

head

vươn • (𫏖, 𫣰)

vi-verb

vươn • (𫏖, 𫣰)


cá độ

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


lang bạt

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 狼跋; from the Classic of Poetry

The wolf springs forward on his dewlap, or trips back on his tail.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

狼跋其胡、載疐其尾。

狼跋其胡、载疐其尾。


ngăn cản

[ŋaŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˨]

[ŋaŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˦]


cầm chân

[kəm˨˩ t͡ɕən˧˧]

[kəm˦˩ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧]

[kəm˨˩ cəŋ˧˧]

(figurative) to pin down; to immobilize; to restrict (especially an enemy)

(figurative) to fend off; to resist; to repel (especially in sports)


trở ngại

[t͡ɕəː˧˩ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəː˧˨ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəː˨˩˦ ŋaːj˨˩˨]


thủ thành

[tʰu˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]

Blend of thủ (“to keep”) + khung thành (“goalpost”).

blend

(sports) to keep goal; to act as the goalkeeper


cản

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 扞 (SV: hãn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hãn</i>


chịu khó

[t͡ɕiw˧˨ʔ xɔ˧˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ʔ kʰɔ˨˩˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ʔ xɔ˨˩˦]

[ciw˨˩˨ kʰɔ˦˥]

[ciw˨˩˨ xɔ˦˥]

chịu (“to endure; to be willing to”) + khó (“difficult”).

com

to take pains (to); to make an effort persistently (to); to attempt regardless of hardship (to)


đố

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 賭 (SV: đổ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đổ</i>

vi-etym-sino

to pose a riddle or quiz; to ask a question (that one knows the answer of, in order to test intelligence or memory)

to challenge; to defy; to bid defiance (to)


cạp

From Proto-Vietic *gaːp (“to hold by mouth”). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kɐːp⁸, Khmu [Cuang] gaːp ("to hold, to seize in teeth").


theo đuổi

[tʰɛw˧˧ ʔɗuəj˧˩]

[tʰɛw˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˨]

[tʰɛw˧˧ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

to pursue (dream, fame, etc.); to strive for


mớ

to wiggle one's body while sleeping; to sleep talk


tuột

Làm từ từ, coi chừng tuột tay.

Do it slowly or your hands might just come off.

to slip; to slip out of alignment; to come off; to slide


bắt con

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ kɔn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɔŋ˧˧]

(medicine) to perform a Caesarean section


chinh phục

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨn˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[cɨn˧˧ fʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

vi:Cuộc chinh phục Hispania của La Mã
vi:Mông Cổ chinh phục Tây Hạ

Mông Cổ chinh phục Tây Hạ

Cuộc chinh phục Hispania của La Mã

The Roman Conquest of Hispania; the event to conquer Hispania of the Romans

(figurative) to win; to gain; to win over


suy ngẫm

[swi˧˧ ŋəm˦ˀ˥]

[ʂwɪj˧˧ ŋəm˧˨]

[swɪj˧˧ ŋəm˧˨]

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ŋəm˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ŋəm˨˩˦]

to think thoroughly (to evaluate, conclude, etc.); to ponder; to reflect


nhiếp ảnh

[ɲiəp̚˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ɲiəp̚˦˧˥ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ɲip̚˦˥ ʔan˨˩˦]


huấn luyện

[hwəŋ˦˧˥ lwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[wəŋ˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

(government, sports, military) to train; to coach; to drill


chộ

Thằng Đán thua mình bốn tuổi, chỉ sáu tuổi thôi nhưng khôn hơn rận, chuyện gì cũng biết. Nó nói chôông là giống ma đó. Mình nói ma chi. Nó nói ma l. Mình cười he he he, đá đít nó một phát, nói ba trợn. Thằng Đán trợn mắt trương gân cổ lên, nói thiệt đo, anh không tin thì thôi. Mình nhăn răng cười, nói ba láp, nói ma l. răng không giống… Thằng Đán lại trợn mắt trương gân cổ lên, nói anh chộ rồi răng nói không giống, mình tịt câm. Nó nói anh không chộ chôông toàn làm hang ở mả đàn bà à. Nghe cũng có lý

2014, Nguyễn Quang Lập, “Quê choa chí dị”, in Chuyện nhà quê:

Đán was four years younger than me, but he was very clever albeit being only six. He said "the agamas are ghosts". When I asked what kind of ghost they are, he replied that they were "c*nt ghosts". I laughed, kicked his ass and said that he was just making shit up. Đán insisted vehemently that they were real and "if you don't believe me, fine". I grinned, said he was just bullshitting, "if they are really "c*nt ghosts", why do they look nothing alike?"... Đán once again argued back just as vehemently, "Have you seen them or something, how can you be so sure that they look nothing alike?", which shut me up. He said, "Don't you see that the agamas always burrow in women's graves?". "Sounds reasonable", I thought.


tiếp cận

[tiəp̚˧˦ kən˧˨ʔ]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ kəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tip̚˦˥ kəŋ˨˩˨]


mặc định

[mak̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[mak̚˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


tập luyện

[təp̚˧˨ʔ lwiən˧˨ʔ]

[təp̚˨˩ʔ lwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[təp̚˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 習 (“to practice”) and 練 (“to train; to practice”).


tự nguyện

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ŋwiən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˨˩˨]


mở màn

[məː˧˩ maːn˨˩]

[məː˧˨ maːŋ˦˩]

[məː˨˩˦ maːŋ˨˩]

to raise the curtain (to start a performance)

(figurative, colloquial) to begin; to start


say đắm

[ʂaj˧˧ ʔɗam˦˧˥]

[saj˧˧ ʔɗam˦˧˥]

[ʂa(ː)j˧˧ ʔɗam˦˥]

to be taken (with someone); to be in love; to be captivated


dẫn đầu

[zən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[jəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 引 (“to lead”) and 頭 (“head”).

to lead; to take the lead; to be at the head of


quy tụ

[kwɪj˧˧ tʊw˨˩ʔ]

[wɪj˧˧ tʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸 (“to return”) and 聚 (“to gather”).


bồi dưỡng

[ʔɓoj˨˩ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓoj˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓoj˨˩ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

to strengthen (the body with nourishment)


ứng cử

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ kɨ˧˩]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ kɨ˧˨]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ kɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 應舉, composed of 應 (“to respond; to answer”) and 舉 (“to elect”).

ra ứng cử làm tổng thống


đắm

head

đắm • (𣿇 - 𣺻, 㴷)

vi-verb

đắm • (𣿇 - 𣺻, 㴷)

(figurative) to be carried away; to be keen (on something); to take a great interest (in something)


tài trợ

[taːj˨˩ t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ]

[taːj˦˩ ʈəː˨˩ʔ]

[taːj˨˩ ʈəː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 財 (“wealth”) and 助 (“to help”).

vi-etym-sino

nhà tài trợ

Chương trình này được tài trợ bởi dầu gội Moonsilk.

This program is brought to you by the shampoo brand Moonsilk.

(business) to sponsor, fund or finance (a partner, program, venture or project)


giải nghệ

[zaːj˧˩ ŋe˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˧˨ ŋej˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˨˩˦ ŋej˨˩˨]


chết đuối

[t͡ɕet̚˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[t͡ɕet̚˦˧˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[cəːt̚˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]


bơi lội

[ʔɓəːj˧˧ loj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓəːj˧˧ loj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːj˧˧ loj˨˩˨]

bơi (“to swim”) + lội (“to swim (dialectal); to wade”).

com

giải bơi lội vô địch quốc gia


té giếng

[tɛ˧˦ ziəŋ˧˦]

[tɛ˨˩˦ jiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tɛ˦˥ jiəŋ˦˥]

Mày té giếng à !?

Did you friggin' hit your head or somp'n?

(Southern Vietnam, figurative, slang) to have hit your head


khởi đầu

[xəːj˧˩ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[kʰəːj˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[xəːj˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[kʰəːj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[xəːj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

(somewhat literary) to begin; to start, to commence


cỡi

Eye dialect spelling of cưỡi, representing Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam Vietnamese.


xếp hạng

[sep̚˧˦ haːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[sep̚˦˧˥ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sep̚˦˥ haːŋ˨˩˨]


thuyên tắc

[tʰwiəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ tak̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 栓塞, composed of 栓 (“plug”) and 塞 (“to block”).

vi-etym-sino

(medicine) to be affected by embolism; to be embolised


khai vị

[kʰaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[xaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaːj˧˧ vɪj˨˩˨]

[xaːj˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]

món khai vị

(of alcohol, food) to be consumed at the start of a meal to stimulate the appetite


nhào lộn

[ɲaːw˨˩ lon˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːw˦˩ loŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːw˨˩ loŋ˨˩˨]

to turn over (continuously); to make loops; to turn a somersault


lên tiếng

[len˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[ləːn˧˧ tiəŋ˦˥]


quật khởi

[kwət̚˧˨ʔ xəːj˧˩]

[kwək̚˨˩ʔ kʰəːj˧˨]

[kwək̚˨˩ʔ xəːj˧˨]

[wək̚˨˩˨ kʰəːj˨˩˦]

[wək̚˨˩˨ xəːj˨˩˦]


hoà hợp

[hwaː˨˩ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[hwaː˦˩ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩ həːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和合, composed of 和 (“peaceful”) and 合 (“to combine”).

to be in concord (with each other); to be in agreement (with); to blend


nạp

to bring in; to carry in; to load (bullets); to charge (battery)


tưởng nhớ

[tɨəŋ˧˩ ɲəː˧˦]

[tɨəŋ˧˨ ɲəː˨˩˦]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˦ ɲəː˦˥]

tưởng + nhớ, calque of Chinese 想念 (tưởng niệm).

to remember (with passionate feelings); to commemorate; to recollect; to memorise


gắn kết

[ɣaŋ˦˧˥ ket̚˦˧˥]

[ɣaŋ˦˥ kəːt̚˦˥]


ngoặt

to turn (something) suddenly in another direction


ngoắt

Synonym of ngoặt (“to turn in another direction”)


ngoắt

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to wag; to wave; to wiggle


chọn lựa

[t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ lɨə˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ lɨə˨˩ʔ]

[cɔŋ˨˩˨ lɨə˨˩˨]


khai sinh

[xaːj˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[kʰaːj˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 開 (“to open; to report”) and 生 (“to be born”).

tên khai sinh


động chạm

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ t͡ɕaːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ caːm˨˩˨]


liên tưởng

[liən˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[liəŋ˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[liəŋ˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

to associate (something) with; to connect in ideas


xúc phạm

[sʊwk͡p̚˧˦ faːm˧˨ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˥ faːm˨˩˨]

Bài quảng cáo này xúc phạm tới đạo Hồi.

This advertisement is offensive to Muslims.

to offend; to derogate; to hurt; to injure


nung nấu

[nʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nəw˧˦]

[nʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nəw˨˩˦]

[nʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nəw˦˥]

(of sunshine, etc.) to be hot and burning

to pine with (emotion); to languish with; to be in torment


cúng cơm

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˦ kəːm˧˧]

[kʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kəːm˧˧]

[kʊwŋ͡m˦˥ kəːm˧˧]

cúng (“to offer (sacrifices)”) + cơm (“cooked rice”).

com

to offer food for the recently deceased in the first fifty days after their death

(Southern Vietnam) to make ceremonial offerings on the death anniversary


bầu cử

[ʔɓəw˨˩ kɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ kɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ kɨ˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 保舉 (SV: bảo cử).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bảo cử</i>

vi-etym-sino

cuộc bầu cử


tỏ

to tell (something others are unaware of); to disclose; to narrate


đàm

(only in compounds) to talk; to discuss; to negotiate


chuyển thể

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tʰe˧˩]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tʰej˧˨]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 轉 (“to convert; to change”) and 體 (“form”).

to adapt (e.g. a novel into a film); to convert


ngớt

Cơn mưa không chịu ngớt.


cho phép

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ fɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˧˧ fɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɔ˧˧ fɛp̚˦˥]

cho (“to allow; to give”) + phép (“permission”).


gây tê

[ɣəj˧˧ te˧˧]

[ɣəj˧˧ tej˧˧]

[ɣəj˧˧ tej˧˧]


nể

head

nể • (𢣚, 𢘝, 𪡇)

vi-verb

nể • (𢣚, 𢘝, 𪡇)


điều hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of điều hoà.


thức dậy

[tʰɨk̚˧˦ zəj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˦˧˥ jəj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˦˥ jəj˨˩˨]


thức tỉnh

[tʰɨk̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˩]

[tʰɨk̚˦˧˥ tɨn˧˨]

[tʰɨk̚˦˥ tɨn˨˩˦]


giạng

ngồi giạng chân


trợ giúp

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ zup̚˧˦]

[ʈəː˨˩ʔ jup̚˦˧˥]

[ʈəː˨˩˨ jʊp̚˦˥]

to help, to aid (in times of need or difficulty)


hấp thu

[həp̚˧˦ tʰu˧˧]

[həp̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

[həp̚˦˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

to take in; to grasp; to perceive; to comprehend


phát dục

[faːt̚˧˦ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[faːk̚˦˥ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

to mature sexually; to enter puberty; to be in heat


chấp thuận

[t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cəp̚˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 執 (“to implement”) and 順 (“to obey/conform”).


tẩy chay

[təj˧˩ t͡ɕaj˧˧]

[təj˧˨ t͡ɕaj˧˧]


điều hoà

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ hwaː˨˩]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ hwaː˦˩]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ waː˨˩]


rước

rước dâu

rước đuốc

Tết Trung Thu rước đèn đi chơi.
Em rước đèn đi khắp phố phường.
Lòng vui sướng với đèn trong tay,
Em múa ca trong ánh trăng rằm.
Đèn ông sao với đèn cá chép,
Đèn thiên nga với đèn bướm bướm.
Em rước đèn này đến cung trăng.
Đèn xanh lơ với đèn tím tím,
Đèn xanh lam với đèn trắng trắng.
Trong ánh đèn rực rỡ muôn màu.

(Can we date this quote?), Đức Quỳnh (lyrics and music), “Rước đèn tháng tám [Carry Lanterns in the Eighth Lunar Month]”:

I carry my lantern for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
I carry my lantern all over town.
I'm so glad I have a lantern in my hand,
I dance in the light of the full moon.
Star-shaped and carp-shaped lanterns,
Swan-shaped and butterfly-shaped lanterns.
I carry my lantern all the way to the moon palace.
Blue and purple lanterns,
Azure and white lanterns.
I'm in the multicolored light of lanterns.

(of people, transitive) to escort someone or carry something en masse

(Southern Vietnam) Synonym of đón (“to pick up someone”)


đúc

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

(figurative) to amalgamate; to create; to crystallise


chế nhạo

[t͡ɕe˧˦ ɲaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕej˨˩˦ ɲaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cej˦˥ ɲaːw˨˩˨]


đúc kết

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ket̚˧˦]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ket̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˥ kəːt̚˦˥]


đỡ đần

[ʔɗəː˦ˀ˥ ʔɗən˨˩]

[ʔɗəː˧˨ ʔɗəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəː˨˩˦ ʔɗəŋ˨˩]


ăn năn

[ʔaŋ˧˧ naŋ˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ naŋ˧˧]

ăn năn hối lỗi


lảng vảng

[laːŋ˧˩ vaːŋ˧˩]

[laːŋ˧˨ vaːŋ˧˨]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ vaːŋ˨˩˦]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ jaːŋ˨˩˦]

to roam around; to hang about (sneakily)


ngắt lời

[ŋat̚˧˦ ləːj˨˩]

[ŋak̚˦˧˥ ləːj˦˩]

[ŋak̚˦˥ ləːj˨˩]


dường

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 樣 (SV: dạng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dạng</i>


hối lỗi

hối + lỗi, Sino-Vietnamese word from 悔纇.


ăn mừng

[ʔan˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ mɨŋ˦˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

ăn mừng bàn thắng

to celebrate (an occasion with feasts and rejoicings)


quẫy

to move one's body or parts of the body violently in many different directions; to waggle or wriggle violently (e.g. the tail); to thrash about

to move in different directions to try to get out of a place; to struggle to

Quẫy lên nào!

(slang) to go to a bar, club, etc. to enjoy oneself; to hang out; to party


dâng

head

𤼸, 登, 撜, 鄧, 揚, 󰎓, 𫠿

vi-verb

𤼸, 登, 撜, 鄧, 揚, 󰎓, 𫠿

𤼸 (CJK)
登 (CJK)
撜 (CJK)
鄧 (CJK)
揚 (CJK)
𫠿 (CJK)

Dù cho sóng gió gian lao,
Tình anh luôn mãi dâng cao,
Như là biển lớn sẽ mãi mãi không cạn khô.

2017, “Ông Xã Em Number One”, performed by Don Nguyễn:

Despite the waves of hardships,
My love always runs high,
Like the great ocean that never dries up.


kì cục

[ki˨˩ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɪj˦˩ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɪj˨˩ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(colloquial) to work or toil (at something); to do something painstakingly


đi bão

[ʔɗi˧˧ ʔɓaːw˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

From đi (“to go”) + bão (“storm; to storm streets to celebrate”).

com

Bây giờ tôi phải hòa mình cùng mọi người để "đi bão" đây. Và ngay ngày mai, tôi cùng các bạn mình mua vé máy bay đến Trung Quốc vào sân vận động để trực tiếp xem và ủng hộ các em, những chiến binh dũng cảm.

2018 January 23, “Mỹ Tâm, Đàm Vĩnh Hưng cầm cờ 'đi bão' mừng chiến thắng U-23 VN”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

Now I must join everyone else to storm the streets and celebrate, and tomorrow my friends and I will buy air tickets to go to the stadium in China to watch and cheer for those youngsters, those brave warriors.

(slang) Synonym of bão (“to go to celebrate on the streets with motorbikes racing around the city (at times of national pride)”)


ham hố

(colloquial) to be overly fond of; to be greedy for


tụ tập

[tu˧˨ʔ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩˨ təp̚˨˩˨]


chỉ trích

[t͡ɕi˧˩ t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ ʈɨt̚˦˧˥]

[cɪj˨˩˦ ʈɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 指摘 (“to criticize”).

vi-etym-sino

to criticize; to find fault (with); to censure; to denounce


sinh tồn

[sïŋ˧˧ ton˨˩]

[ʂɨn˧˧ toŋ˦˩]

[sɨn˧˧ toŋ˦˩]

[ʂɨn˧˧ toŋ˨˩]

[sɨn˧˧ toŋ˨˩]


lan truyền

[laːŋ˧˧ ʈwiəŋ˦˩]

[laːŋ˧˧ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

loan truyền

regressive assimilation /-Vn -wVn/ > /-wVn -wVn/


phấn khích

[fən˧˦ xïk̟̚˧˦]

[fəŋ˦˧˥ kʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˦˧˥ xɨt̚˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˦˥ kʰɨt̚˦˥]

[fəŋ˦˥ xɨt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 奮激, composed of 奮 (“to exert oneself”) and 激 (“to stimulate”).


cà tưng

[kaː˨˩ tɨŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˩ tɨŋ˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ tɨŋ˧˧]

From cà- (“repetitive prefix”) + tưng (“to rebound”).

affix

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to keep on jumping up and down


cà rỡn

[kaː˨˩ zəːn˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˦˩ ʐəːŋ˧˨]

[kaː˨˩ ɹəːŋ˨˩˦]

From cà- (“repetitive prefix”) + rỡn (“to joke, to play”). See also giỡn.

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to keep on joking, playing


cà giựt

[kaː˨˩ zɨt̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˦˩ jɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˨˩ jɨk̚˨˩˨]

From cà- (“repetitive prefix”) + giựt (“to jerk”).

(colloquial) of one's body to keep jerking


bế

bồng bế

to hold and/or carry, generally speaking

bế em

to hold and/or carry (a person, especially an infant, or an animal, with your forearms in front of your torso)


sấy

From Proto-Vietic *c-riːʔ. Cognate with Muong Bi khể, Chut [Rục] cəriː⁴.


quơ

Tía nuôi tôi nhồi thuốc lá vào tẩu, bật lửa lên đốt hút một hơi dài, ông đặt chiếc nỏ lên đùi, vừa ngồi hút thuốc vừa cầm một nhánh cây nhỏ quơ qua quơ lại đuổi muỗi chung quanh.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 12, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

My adoptive father stuffed tobacco into his pipe, lighted it, and took a long draw; he put the crossbow on his thighs and sat smoking while holding a small branch which he waved to and fro to chase away the mosquitoes around him.


thò

thò tay vô chuồng cho thỏ ăn

to put one's hand into a hutch to give the rabbits their food


khều

This word might have caused intense contamination to the Sino-Vietnamese reading of the semantically similar 挑 (MC thew) (SV: khiêu), resulted in a very irregular reading.

to use hand or other tools to pull something toward oneself


trưng bày

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓaj˨˩]

[ʈɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓaj˦˩]

[ʈɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩]


chở

to transport; to convey; to freight; to transfer (especially by vehicle or vessel)


thông cảm

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːm˧˩]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːm˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 通 (“through”) and 感 (“to feel”).

vi-etym-sino

to be understanding (of a situation); to be sympathetic (to); to sympathise (with)


bán độ

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


thu hồi

to get (something) back; to retrieve; to recover; to restore


triệu tập

[t͡ɕiəw˧˨ʔ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈiw˨˩ʔ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈiw˨˩˨ təp̚˨˩˨]


đớp

head

đớp • (㗳, 答)

vi-verb

đớp • (㗳, 答)

(of animals, insects) to snap up (food, bait, etc.); to snatch; to catch


giao dịch

[zaːw˧˧ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːw˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]


buột miệng

[ʔɓuət̚˧˨ʔ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓuək̚˨˩ʔ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓuək̚˨˩˨ miəŋ˨˩˨]

Thằng Cò buột miệng hỏi: – Cho sôi nước, cá sấu chạy lên bờ phải không chú?

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 15, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

Cò unthinkingly asked, "If you let the water boil, the crocodiles will run up the shore, won't they Mister?"

to blurt out; blab; to speak without thinking


trườn

Compare Proto-Tai *ɡ.lwɤːnᴬ (“to crawl”) (whence Thai คลาน (klaan)). Maybe also cognate with Car Nicobarese lān (“to crawl along”).


sạt nghiệp

[saːt̚˧˨ʔ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂaːk̚˨˩ʔ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːk̚˨˩ʔ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂaːk̚˨˩˨ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

[saːk̚˨˩˨ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

sạt (“to lose”) + nghiệp (“trade; fortune”).

com

to ruin one's fortune; to lose all assets; to go bankrupt; to become impoverished


khêu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 挑 (SV: khiêu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khiêu</i>

vi-etym-sino

to extract (with a pointed object); to pull up; to raise; to winkle


khiêu dâm

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-khiêu dâm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 挑 (“to provoke”) and 淫 (“lewd”).

to be sexually provocative; to be pornographic; to be sexy; to be obscene


đề phòng

[ʔɗe˨˩ fawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗej˦˩ fawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗej˦˩ fɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗej˨˩ fawŋ͡m˨˩]

to take precautions; to prevent; to guard against


xác minh

[saːk̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 確 (“real; certain”) and 明 (“clear”).

to verify; to confirm; to determine; to establish


hụ

(Southern Vietnam) to sound (usually of a siren)


giục

[zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


lường

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 量 (SV: lương).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lương</i>


lường

to deceive; to play a confidence trick on; to swindle


bêu riếu

[ʔɓew˧˧ ziəw˧˦]

[ʔɓew˧˧ ʐiw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓew˧˧ ɹiw˦˥]


phê chuẩn

[fe˧˧ t͡ɕwən˧˩]

[fej˧˧ t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨]

[fej˧˧ c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦]


bắt tay

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ taj˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ taj˧˧]


lạm quyền

[laːm˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[laːm˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]


bêu

to expose to shame; to pillory; to display publicly to humiliate or threaten

Synonym of bêu xấu (“to shame; to dishonour”)


chứng kiến

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ kiən˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[cɨŋ˦˥ kiəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 證見, composed of 證 (“to prove”) and 見 (“to see”).

chứng kiến sự đổi thay của đất nước

(honorific) to grace with one's attendance


triệt sản

[t͡ɕiət̚˧˨ʔ saːn˧˩]

[ʈiək̚˨˩ʔ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[ʈiək̚˨˩ʔ saːŋ˧˨]

[ʈiək̚˨˩˨ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[ʈiək̚˨˩˨ saːŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-triệt sản.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 撤 (“to remove; to take away”) and 產 (“to reproduce”).

to sterilize (disable ability to procreate)


bừa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 耙 (SV: bà) preceding the formalization of Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bà</i>


cắt xén

[kak̚˦˧˥ sɛŋ˦˧˥]

[kak̚˦˥ sɛŋ˦˥]


lí sự

[li˧˦ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[lɪj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[lɪj˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[lɪj˦˥ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[lɪj˦˥ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 理事, Japanese 理事 (“director”), Literary Chinese 理事 (lǐshì, “to arrange or manage matters”). The original Chinese compound was adapted from "to arrange" to "arranger", or "director", a person who arranges things. The Vietnamese usage, on the other hand, seems to rely on a different sense of Chinese 理 (lǐ), which is "reason" rather than "to arrange".

der

Có công lặn suối trèo ghềnh,
Tìm người lí sự hỏi tình sâu nông.

(Can we date this quote?), Trê cóc [The Catfish and the Toad]:

Diving in rivers, climbing on rapids,
Trying to find someone who can settle matters, to find a solution.


đá banh

[ʔɗaː˧˦ ʔɓajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˨˩˦ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ ʔɓan˧˧]

association football
association football

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to play association football; soccer


cười khẩy

[kɨəj˨˩ xəj˧˩]

[kɨj˦˩ kʰəj˧˨]

[kɨj˦˩ xəj˧˨]

[kɨj˨˩ kʰəj˨˩˦]

[kɨj˨˩ xəj˨˩˦]

to laugh scornfully; to snigger; to smirk


uổng

2011, Dưới bóng cây [In the Shade of Trees], link (6:10)
Uổng quá à, hổng thấy được khúc chuột đánh rắn tơi tả.
What a pity! I couldn't see Mouse beat Snake up.

(colloquial) to be in vain; to be wasted (in a pitiful manner)


bênh

to take sides with; to defend; to protect


證見

chữ Hán form of chứng kiến (“to witness”).


thắt chặt

[tʰat̚˧˦ t͡ɕat̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕak̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰak̚˦˥ cak̚˨˩˨]

(figurative) to strengthen; to reinforce (relations)


càn quét

[kaːŋ˦˩ kwɛt̚˦˧˥]

[kaːŋ˨˩ wɛt̚˦˥]

(military) to conduct a sweep operation; to mop up; to raid


xử phạt

[sɨ˧˩ faːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[sɨ˧˨ faːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˨˩˦ faːk̚˨˩˨]


pha chế

[faː˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[faː˧˧ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]

to prepare (medicine, coffee, etc.) by mixing various ingredients; to make up


an táng

[ʔaːn˧˧ taːŋ˧˦]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ taːŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-an táng.wav


lưu trú

[lɨw˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩˦]

[lɨw˧˧ ʈʊw˦˥]


lênh đênh

head

lênh đênh (‑a reduplication lênh đa lênh đênh)

[ləjŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗəjŋ̟˧˧]

[ləːn˧˧ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

Ở đâu thì ở, miễn được yên nơi yên chỗ mà làm ăn. Chứ lênh đênh mãi thế này, tôi e có ngày hai đứa nhỏ chết lép xác thôi!

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 17, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

We can live anywhere, as long as it is a quiet place to make a living. If we wander like this forever, I'm afraid one day the two little ones will drop dead!


thu xếp

[tʰʊw˧˧ sep̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˧˧ sep̚˦˥]

Bởi thế, lứa sinh nào cũng vậy, đẻ xong là bố mẹ thu xếp cho con cái ra ở riêng.

1941, Tô Hoài, chapter 1, in Dế Mèn phiêu lưu ký [Diary of a cricket], Tân Dân Publishing House:

Following her principles, she would arrange for her children to live on their own.


giả thiết

[zaː˧˩ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˨ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˨˩˦ tʰiək̚˦˥]


trầm

(Central Vietnam) to sink (into); to plunge (into)

(Central Vietnam) to keep (something) to oneself (and not give to others)

(Southern Vietnam) to make submerged underwater; to drown (something or someone)


thắp

搭, 撘, 𤏧, 𤐴, 𤒴

vi-verb

搭, 撘, 𤏧, 𤐴, 𤒴

thắp nến

to light (a lamp, a torch, a candle, etc.) with fire

thắp hương/nhang

to burn (incense) at an altar or a grave

thắp sáng ước mơ

(figurative, literary) to ignite (a metaphorical spark of passion, dream, hope, etc.)


sửa soạn

[sɨə˧˩ swaːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʂwaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sɨə˧˨ swaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]

[sɨə˨˩˦ s⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]


hạ cánh

[haː˧˨ʔ kajŋ̟˧˦]

[haː˨˩ʔ kɛɲ˦˧˥]


cất cánh

[kət̚˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˦]

[kək̚˦˧˥ kɛɲ˦˧˥]


nuối

to be reluctant to part; to grieve over what is far off; to be regretful


ghìm

to hold (horse, cattle) back; to stop; to bring to a stop


phát ngôn

[faːt̚˧˦ ŋon˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發言, composed of 發 (“to release; to emit; to emanate”) and 言 (“speech”).

vi-etym-sino

người phát ngôn
a spokesperson

Anh này phát ngôn bừa bãi nhỉ ?


nghĩ ngợi

[ŋi˦ˀ˥ ŋəːj˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɪj˧˨ ŋəːj˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɪj˨˩˦ ŋəːj˨˩˨]

to ponder (over); to reflect (on); to consider carefully


phấp phới

[fəp̚˧˦ fəːj˧˦]

[fəp̚˦˧˥ fəːj˨˩˦]

[fəp̚˦˥ fəːj˦˥]


quyên góp

[kwiən˧˧ ɣɔp̚˧˦]

[kwiəŋ˧˧ ɣɔp̚˦˧˥]

[wiəŋ˧˧ ɣɔp̚˦˥]


gom góp

[ɣɔm˧˧ ɣɔp̚˧˦]

[ɣɔm˧˧ ɣɔp̚˦˧˥]

[ɣɔm˧˧ ɣɔp̚˦˥]

to accumulate; to store up; to collect; to save up


ăn mặc

[ʔan˧˧ mak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ mak̚˨˩˨]


yêu mến

[ʔiw˧˧ məːn˦˥]


huy động

[hwi˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[hwɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[wɪj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 揮動 (“to wield; to brandish”).

huy động vốn

to mobilise (people, money); to raise (funds)


báo công

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 報功, composed of 報 (“to report”) and 功 (“merits; achievement”).


vinh danh

[vïŋ˧˧ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[vɨn˧˧ jɛɲ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 榮 (“glorious”) and 名 (“name”).


tuyển dụng

[twiən˧˩ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[twiəŋ˧˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 選用, composed of 選 (“to select”) and 用 (“to use”).


phẫn nộ

[fən˦ˀ˥ no˧˨ʔ]

[fəŋ˧˨ now˨˩ʔ]

[fəŋ˨˩˦ now˨˩˨]


nhận xét

[ɲən˧˨ʔ sɛt̚˧˦]

[ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ sɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ɲəŋ˨˩˨ sɛk̚˦˥]

to observe; to comment; to remark; to judge


yêu quý

[ʔiw˧˧ kwɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔiw˧˧ wɪj˦˥]


cống hiến

[kəwŋ͡m˧˦ hiən˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ hiəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˦˥ hiəŋ˦˥]


tươm

Ferlus suggested that Proto-Mon-Khmer *saːm (“to ooze, to bleed”) (whence Proto-Vietic *saːm > tươm) is the verbal base from which the word ‘blood’ in the Austroasiatic languages is derived, except for Vietnamese and for some Vietic languages in which it was replaced by ‘sap' (Viet. máu). From PMK *saːm, Proto-Vietic *ʔa-saːmʔ ~ *p-saːmʔ (“blood”), Proto-Bahnaric *bhaːm (> Bahnar pham), Proto-Katuic *ʔahaam (> Pacoh aham), Proto-Khasic *snaam (>Khasi snam/'nam), Khmer ឈាម (chiəm), Mon ဆီ (c'him) and Car Nicobarese ma-hām were derived, through different affixed forms.http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/ferlus2008le.pdf
Shorto reconstructed Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟhaam ~ *ɟhiim (“blood”), based on the Khmer and Mon forms.


rít

to smoke (through a pipe, most notably a điếu cày)


đổ vỡ

[ʔɗo˧˩ vəː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗow˧˨ vəː˧˨]

[ʔɗow˨˩˦ vəː˨˩˦]

[ʔɗow˨˩˦ jəː˨˩˦]


tan vỡ

[taːn˧˧ vəː˦ˀ˥]

[taːŋ˧˧ vəː˧˨]

[taːŋ˧˧ vəː˨˩˦]

[taːŋ˧˧ jəː˨˩˦]

cuộc hôn nhân tan vỡ

trái tim tan vỡ

to break; to break down; to be shattered


cạy cục

[kaj˧˨ʔ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaj˨˩ʔ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]


rèn luyện

[ʐɛŋ˦˩ lwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɹɛŋ˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]


cậy cục

[kəj˧˨ʔ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kəj˨˩ʔ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kəj˨˩˨ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

to painstakingly entreat (influential people) for a favour; to beg


chia rẽ

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ zɛ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ ʐɛ˧˨]

[ciə˧˧ ɹɛ˨˩˦]

drive a wedge between
drive a wedge between

to drive a wedge between; to divide; to separate (especially people; from a dispute)

vi:Chia rẽ Trung-Xô
vi:Một nhà tự chia rẽ


bắt nạt

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ naːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ naːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ naːk̚˨˩˨]


rành

head

伶, 佲, 停, 炩, 𣉏

vi-verb

伶, 佲, 停, 炩, 𣉏

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to know clearly; to be acquainted (with)


cai quản

[kaːj˧˧ waːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 該 and 管 (“to manage”).


trị

Short for cai trị (“to rule; to administer”).


cai trị

[kaːj˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[kaːj˧˧ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kaːj˧˧ ʈɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 該 and 治 (“to administer”).


phối hợp

[foj˧˦ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[foj˨˩˦ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[foj˦˥ həːp̚˨˩˨]

to coordinate (with); to cooperate (with); to harmonise (with); to go (with)


ăn ý

[ʔan˧˧ ʔi˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

to be in agreement and harmony with each other; to act in perfect teamwork


kí tên

[kɪj˦˥ təːn˧˧]


tự ý

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ʔi˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 自 (“self”) and 意 (“idea; thought”).

to act voluntarily; to act without authorisation; to take upon oneself (to do something)


kiến nghị

[kiən˧˦ ŋi˧˨ʔ]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ŋɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ŋɪj˨˩˨]

to provide suggestions to the authority; to petition


thanh tra

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

[tʰan˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 清查, composed of 清 (“clear”) and 查 (“investigate”).

(of a higher authority) to inspect; to check; to investigate


衰減

chữ Hán form of suy giảm (“to decline; to decrease”).


xâm chiếm

[səm˧˧ t͡ɕiəm˧˦]

[səm˧˧ t͡ɕiəm˦˧˥]

to invade (and occupy territories); to seize


hiểu biết

[hiəw˧˩ ʔɓiət̚˧˦]

[hiw˧˨ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩˦ ʔɓiək̚˦˥]

to fully understand; to know clearly; to be knowledgeable; to be learned


chuyền

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 傳 (SV: truyền). Doublet of truyền, truyện, chuyện, and đồn.
The initial ‹ch-› here and in chuyện possibly results from a sound change insides Vietnamese, different from, and later than the one which yields ‹ch-› in chạp, chàng, & possibly also chuồng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">truyền</i>

doublet

chuyền bóng

bóng chuyền
volleyball

to pass to, usually by tossing, throwing, kicking, etc.


xích

Chật chội quá, xích ra coi.

God it's jam-packed here, can I just have some space?


ở không

[ʔəː˧˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔəː˧˨ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔəː˧˨ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔəː˨˩˦ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔəː˨˩˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

(colloquial) to idle; to do nothing (in life)


ngăm

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to threaten; to intimidate


bửa

From Proto-Vietic *bah ~ *pah. Compare Bahnar pah and Pacoh tupáh.


vái

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 拜 (SV: bái).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bái</i>

vi-etym-sino

– Bần đạo quả thật rất thô lỗ, xin tạ lỗi ở đây. / Nói xong lại vái dài một vái.

2005, chapter 1, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

"I'm really very rude, please accept my apologies," he said and gave a long bow, his hands together in front of his chest.

Nhiều người chỉ biết đứng lặng ở ngoài cửa đền chắp tay vái ba vái rồi lặng lẽ ra về.

2007, Nguyễn Tiến Dũng, “Ngày giỗ Tổ lại đóng cửa đền thờ Tổ!”, in Tuổi trẻ online:

Many people have no choice but to stand outside the temple doors in silence, bring their hands together, do the three bows of worship, and silently go home.

to express one's respect or worship by pressing the palms together in front of one's chest while bowing, to perform a wai


hứa hẹn

[hɨə˧˦ hɛn˧˨ʔ]

[hɨə˨˩˦ hɛŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hɨə˦˥ hɛŋ˨˩˨]

hứa (“to promise”) + hẹn (“to promise; to make an appointment”).


xốc

[səwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


xáo

to mix up (mix or blend thoroughly and completely)


lồng tiếng

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩ tiəŋ˧˦]

[ləwŋ͡m˦˩ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩ tiəŋ˦˥]

lồng (“to enclose; to dub”) + tiếng (“sound; language”).


rợn

to have such a fear that one's body starts shivering


dặn dò

[zan˧˨ʔ zɔ˨˩]

[jaŋ˨˩ʔ jɔ˦˩]

[jaŋ˨˩˨ jɔ˨˩]

to advise (earnestly); to instruct (over and over again); to warn


ba hoa

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ waː˧˧]

to be garrulous and boastful; to blabber; to brag


tuốt

The undiphthongized form tót is attested in Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), glossed as exerere.
Compare Proto-Katuic *sɔɔt (“to strip rice from stalk”) (whence Pacoh xot), Khmu [Cuang] hɔːt ("to harvest").


tết

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 紲 (“to tie, to bind (v.); rope, cord, bridle, halter (n.)”, SV: tiết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiết</i>


riết

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruut ~ *ruət ~ *rət ~ *rat ~ *rit ~ *riit ~ *riət (“to tighten, constrict”); cognate with Pacoh reit (“to tighten, pull tight”), Koho riit (“to tighten”), Khmer រួត (ruət) and រឹត (rɨt).


bụm

to cup one's hand and use it to hide or cover something


bíu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to cling


ngóc

[ŋawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


thuyết minh

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]

(film, television, for foreign films or shows) to provide translation with voice-over; to voice-over

(film, usually for documentaries) to narrate


rinh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to carry (something with both hands to another place); to carry away; to take away


làm màu

làm (“to do, to make”) + màu (“colour”).

(colloquial) to overcomplicate (a simple matter)


phấn đấu

[fən˧˦ ʔɗəw˧˦]

[fəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˦˥]


châm chọc

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

châm (“to sting”) + chọc (“to prick, to provoke”).


chấn chỉnh

[t͡ɕən˧˦ t͡ɕïŋ˧˩]

[t͡ɕəŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨn˧˨]

[cəŋ˦˥ cɨn˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 振 (“to shake”) and 整 (“to arrange”).

vi-etym-sino

to reorganize; to tidy up; to arrange; to revamp


bùng

to flare up; to break out; to suddenly appear


bùng

(colloquial) to run away; to leave abruptly


phượt

(Southern Vietnam) to pass quickly; to rush past; to speed past

Thay vì chọn các phương tiện như xe khách, máy bay, tàu lửa, nhiều sinh viên lựa chọn về quê bằng cách phượt bằng xe máy dù hành trình khá xa.

2018 February 10, “Rủ nhau phượt xe máy về quê ăn tết, an toàn không? [Riding motorbikes together to return home for Tết, is it safe?]”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

Instead of travelling by coach, airplane or train, many students choose to go home (for the lunar new year) by riding on the motorbike, despite the relatively long distances.

(neologism, slang) to travel by motorbike


chán cơm thèm phở

[t͡ɕaːn˧˦ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˨˩ fəː˧˩]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˧˥ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˦˩ fəː˧˨]

[caːŋ˦˥ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˨˩ fəː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chán cơm thèm phở.wav

(literal) to be sick and tired of cooked rice and long for pho

(figurative) to be sexually sick and tired of one's spouse and long for sexual thrill from someone else


ám ảnh

[ʔaːm˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔaːm˦˥ ʔan˨˩˦]

Điều đó đã trở thành một nỗi ám ảnh.

Nỗi lo âu ngày đêm ám ảnh

bị tiền bạc ám ảnh


thỏa thuận

Traditional tone placement spelling of thoả thuận.


họp hành

[hɔp̚˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[hɔp̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[hɔp̚˨˩˨ han˨˩]

(colloquial) to meet; to gather (generally speaking)


triệt phá

[t͡ɕiət̚˧˨ʔ faː˧˦]

[ʈiək̚˨˩ʔ faː˨˩˦]

[ʈiək̚˨˩˨ faː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 徹 (“complete”) and 破 (“to destroy”).


tỏ tình

[tɔ˧˩ tïŋ˨˩]

[tɔ˧˨ tɨn˦˩]

[tɔ˨˩˦ tɨn˨˩]

to reveal or confess one's love (to); to declare one's love (with)


tranh thủ

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ tʰu˧˩]

[ʈɛɲ˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[ʈan˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 爭取 (“to strive for”).

Trong lúc chờ tranh thủ đọc nốt cuốn sách.

I tried to finish my book while waiting.

(colloquial) to make use of free time or waiting time


tủi thân

[tuj˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[tuj˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]


tủi

head

𢣃, 𡀬, 悴, 碎, 𢢇

vi-verb

𢣃, 𡀬, 悴, 碎, 𢢇

to deplore; to lament; to grieve; to self-pity


xiêu lòng

[siw˧˧ lɔŋ˦˩]

to be won over; to be convinced; to yield to


đớp thính

[ʔɗəːp̚˧˦ tʰïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗəːp̚˦˧˥ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəːp̚˦˥ tʰɨn˦˥]

đớp (“(of animal) to snap up; to snatch”) + thính (“fishing bait”).

com

(neologism, slang) to respond positively to another person's “thính” (flirtation, romantic advances, etc.)


rơ

rơ lưỡi

thuốc rơ miệng

a medicine used by applying directly to the mouth

(usually used for infants) to rub to wipe clean or to apply a substance


nhắn nhủ

[ɲan˧˦ ɲu˧˩]

[ɲaŋ˦˧˥ ɲʊw˧˨]

[ɲaŋ˦˥ ɲʊw˨˩˦]


mềm lòng

[mem˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

to soften (emotionally); to be emotionally moved or involved


hỏng hóc

[hɔŋ˧˨ hawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


nhồi nhét

[ɲoj˨˩ ɲɛt̚˧˦]

[ɲoj˦˩ ɲɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ɲoj˨˩ ɲɛk̚˦˥]


nhét

Compare Pacoh carnheit (“to stop up (of hole, pipe)”).


bảo dưỡng

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

to maintain; to keep (vehicle, machine, etc.) in good repair


đăng

(Internet) to post, to publish (to disseminate publicly via a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc.)

to enlist (to voluntarily join a cause or organization)


xiêu

to be convinced; to yield to; to concede; to be won over


tán tỉnh

[taːn˧˦ tïŋ˧˩]

[taːŋ˦˧˥ tɨn˧˨]

[taːŋ˦˥ tɨn˨˩˦]

to cajole; to court; to flirt; to make advances (to)


sắm sửa

[sam˧˦ sɨə˧˩]

[ʂam˦˧˥ ʂɨə˧˨]

[sam˦˧˥ sɨə˧˨]

[ʂam˦˥ ʂɨə˨˩˦]

[sam˦˥ sɨə˨˩˦]

to make preparations (by purchasing something); to go shopping to get ready (for); to shop for


diện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 面.
See nhất for explanation of the initial.

(literary and colloquial) to dress up (in); to be well-dressed (in); to be decked out (in)


lạc trôi

[laːk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕoj˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ ʈoj˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ ʈoj˧˧]

From the 2017 song Lạc trôi, a compound of lạc (“to be lost”) + trôi (“to drift; to flow”).

com

(neologism, slang) to be lost; to lose one's direction; to be lost and adrift

float with the stream
float with the stream

(neologism, slang) to go with the flow; to float with the stream


khai thác

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˧˦]

[kʰaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˥]

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˥]

to exploit (resources, etc.); to make use of; to harness


vòi vĩnh

[vɔj˨˩ vïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[vɔj˦˩ vɨn˧˨]

[vɔj˨˩ vɨn˨˩˦]

[jɔj˨˩ jɨn˨˩˦]

to ask for (money, presents, etc. incessantly); to clamour for


lưỡng lự

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ lɨ˧˨ʔ]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ lɨ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ lɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩 (“two”) and 慮 (“thought”).

vi-etym-sino

to hesitate; to be unable to make up one's mind


quạu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be angry; to get mad


đe dọa

Traditional tone placement spelling of đe doạ.


thú nhận

[tʰu˧˦ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˦˥ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 首 (“to confess”) and 認 (“to acknowledge”).

to confess (one's guilt); to admit to; to own to; to acknowledge


đe doạ

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ zwaː˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ jwaː˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ j⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˨]


doạ

to threaten (with); to intimidate; to menace (with)


thao tác

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˧˦]

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˦˥]


tạt

From Proto-Vietic *ʔa-saːc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sac ~ *saac; cognate with tát (“to bail out”).

to splash into, to pour water (or other liquids) onto someone


nhảy nhót

[ɲaj˧˩ ɲɔt̚˧˦]

[ɲaj˧˨ ɲɔk̚˦˧˥]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ɲɔk̚˦˥]

to jump up; to jump or dance happily; to jump for joy; to caper about


điện đàm

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːm˦˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 電 (“electricity; telephone”) and 談 (“talk”).

Cuộc điện đàm diễn ra trong bối cảnh quan hệ hai nước tiếp tục phát triển thực chất, hiệu quả, trên cơ sở tôn trọng độc lập, chủ quyền, toàn vẹn lãnh thổ và thể chế chính trị của nhau, […]

2018 February 15, “Tổng thống Mỹ Donald Trump chúc Tết người Việt Nam”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

The telephone conversation is in the context of a bilateral relationship that is continuing to develop substantively, based on respect for each other's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and political system, […]

to speak to someone on the phone (often in a formal manner); to have a telephone conversation


biểu diễn

[ʔɓiəw˧˩ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓiw˧˨ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓiw˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

to perform; to put on a performance; to demonstrate


ngỏ

Mình có ngỏ ý tặng gấu bông thì bị bạn dỗi.

2018 February 14, “Lễ Tình nhân có phải dịp vòi vĩnh quà đắt giá?”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

I said to her I would give her a teddy, but she wasn't happy with it.


rây

From Proto-Vietic *-reː (“sieve, to sift”), from Old Chinese 篩 (OC *sreːl, *srel, *sri) (SV: sư) or 釃 (OC *Cə.sre) (B-S) (SV: si).


lừa đảo

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[lɨə˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


chớm

lúc chớm hạ

(literary, poetic) to start to; to begin to


tượng trưng

[tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨŋ˧˧]


chia tay

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ taj˧˧]

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ taj˧˧]

From chia (“to divide; to split”) + tay (“hands”). Compare Chinese 分手 (phân thủ).

com

to part ways (with); to say goodbye (to)

♂: Nói với anh đi em những câu anh cần nghe.
Đừng làm nỗi đau thêm dài nữa em !
Chỉ một câu thôi, dù lời chia tay cũng cho anh nghe !

(Can we date this quote?), Lương Bằng Quang (lyrics and music), “Đừng làm nỗi đau thêm dài [Don't Prolong the Agony]”:

♂: Tell me what I need to hear.
Don't prolong the agony, please!
Anything at all, even if it's that we're breaking up, let me hear it!

to end a romantic relationship (with); to break up (with); to separate (with); to split up (with)


lột xác

[lot̚˧˨ʔ saːk̚˧˦]

[lok̚˨˩ʔ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[lok̚˨˩˨ saːk̚˦˥]

lột (“to strip off, to slough”) + xác (“body, corpse”).

(of animals, especially insects) to moult (shed skin)


vừa lòng

[vɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[vɨə˦˩ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[vɨə˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

[vɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[jɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


chiều chuộng

[t͡ɕiəw˨˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiw˦˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ciw˨˩ cuəŋ˨˩˨]

to pamper; to coddle; to please (out of love)


nới

(colloquial, of price) to decrease somewhat


xô đẩy

[so˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[sow˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[sow˧˧ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]


điều trần

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ t͡ɕən˨˩]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ ʈəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ ʈəŋ˨˩]


nghỉ mát

[ŋi˧˩ maːt̚˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˨ maːk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˨˩˦ maːk̚˦˥]


gây rối

[ɣəj˧˧ zoj˧˦]

[ɣəj˧˧ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ɣəj˧˧ ɹoj˦˥]


nhập cảnh

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kɛɲ˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kan˨˩˦]


phòng không

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fɔŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

tên lửa phòng không

to take precautions in defence of an air attack from the enemy


thi công

[tʰi˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thi công.wav

(construction) to construct or repair a building or infrastructure facility


tri ân

[t͡ɕi˧˧ ʔən˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ ʔəŋ˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ ʔəŋ˧˧]

Ngày Nhà giáo Việt Nam là ngày học sinh tri ân thầy cô.

Teacher's Day is when students pay tribute to their teachers.

to show gratitude or appreciation (to someone)#English


dung thứ

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˦]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˨˩˦]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˦˥]


lăng mạ

[laŋ˧˧ maː˧˨ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ maː˨˩ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˨]

(literary) to revile; to abuse; to insult


xuất cảnh

[swət̚˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ kɛɲ˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ kan˨˩˦]


đối đầu

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]


lôông

lôông cơn

North Central Vietnam form of trồng (“to plant”)


xỏ

head

搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍

xỏ • (搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍)

vi-verb

搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍

xỏ • (搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍)

From Proto-Vietic *tʃɔh (“to thread, to sting, to skewer”).


chúc mừng

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ mɨŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ mɨŋ˦˩]

[cʊwk͡p̚˦˥ mɨŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chúc mừng.wav

From chúc (“to wish; to congratulate”) + mừng (“glad; to congratulate”).

com

Chúc mừng năm mới!

chúc mừng thắng lợi


rơi rụng

[zəːj˧˧ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəːj˧˧ ʐʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəːj˧˧ ɹʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


thương xót

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔt̚˧˦]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thương xót.wav


chăm lo

[t͡ɕam˧˧ lɔ˧˧]

[t͡ɕam˧˧ lɔ˧˧]


đàm phán

[ʔɗaːm˨˩ faːn˧˦]

[ʔɗaːm˦˩ faːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩ faːŋ˦˥]


thương lượng

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]


lạy

→ Tai Dam: ꪼꪩ꫁

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 禮 (SV: lễ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lễ</i>


bãi công

[ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːj˧˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]


học hành

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 學 (“to learn”) and 行 (“to do”).

to learn or study thoroughly, without forgetting to apply theory to practice

Học hành chẳng đâu vào đâu!

(literally, “[The way] you're doing your schoolwork is terrible!”)


tán thành

[taːn˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[taːŋ˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[taːŋ˦˥ tʰan˨˩]


xuất nhập khẩu

[swət̚˧˦ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ xəw˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰəw˧˨]

[swək̚˦˧˥ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ xəw˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ɲəp̚˨˩˨ xəw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xuất nhập khẩu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出入口; blend of xuất khẩu + nhập khẩu.


xuất khẩu

[swət̚˧˦ xəw˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ kʰəw˧˨]

[swək̚˦˧˥ xəw˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ xəw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xuất khẩu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出口, Chinese 出口 (chūkǒu), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 出口 (deguchi)


ăn cướp

[ʔan˧˧ kɨəp̚˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˥]


chỉ huy

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ hwɪj˧˧]

[cɪj˨˩˦ wɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 指揮 (“to conduct”).


khứa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鋸 (“saw; to saw off”, SV: cứ). Related to cứa, cưa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cứ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to cut little by little; to saw off


tròng

Probably originally an affixed form of the root that gave rise to trong (“inside; in”).

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩]

tròng chân vào quần

to put on the trousers (lit. to put one's legs into the trousers)


a dua

[ʔaː˧˧ zuə˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ juə˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ juə˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 阿諛 (“to flatter; to butter up”, SV: a du).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">a du</i>

vi-etym-sino

Analects, XIII.23; 1972, Vietnamese translation & annotations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Confucius said: “The noble person acts harmoniously yet is not conformist; the petty person is conformist yet does not act harmoniously.”

- Khổng tử nói: “Người quân tử hoà hợp nhưng không a dua, kẻ tiểu nhân a dua mà không hoà hợp.”

to ape; to blindly imitate (something bad or wrong from others)


thẹn

head

善, 𠾺, 𫅡, 𢢆, 𪭇

vi-verb

善, 𠾺, 𫅡, 𢢆, 𪭇


kén chọn

[kɛn˧˦ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˥ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


nhỡ

(colloquial) to miss (an opportunity, etc.; often something not as important as those used with lỡ)


ghim

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle; pin”, SV: châm). Doublet of kim.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">châm</i>

vi-etym-sino

Synonym of găm (“to keep (in one's mind); to guard”)


nẻ

head

nẻ • (你, 儞, 尔, 𦕗)

vi-verb

nẻ • (你, 儞, 尔, 𦕗)

From Proto-Vietic *ɗɛh; cognate with Muong đé.


lặt

Attested as mlặt, lặt, nhạt, mnhạt in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
From Proto-Vietic *m-ləc. Cognate with Arem alɪc.

lặt lá mai đón Tết

to pluck the leaves of the mai tree to prepare for the blossom during New Year

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to pluck off

bò lặt


câu giờ

[kəw˧˧ zəː˨˩]

[kəw˧˧ jəː˦˩]

[kəw˧˧ jəː˨˩]

câu (“to fish with a rod”) + giờ (“time”).

compound

run out the clock
run out the clock#English

(figurative) to buy time, to run out the clock


tàn phá

[taːŋ˦˩ faː˨˩˦]

[taːŋ˨˩ faː˦˥]

(of infrastructures) to be destroyed completely


cầu cứu

[kəw˦˩ kɨw˨˩˦]

[kəw˨˩ kɨw˦˥]


giải cứu

[jaːj˧˨ kɨw˨˩˦]

[jaːj˨˩˦ kɨw˦˥]


cầu an

[kəw˨˩ ʔaːn˧˧]

[kəw˦˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[kəw˨˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 苟安 (SV: cẩu an), influenced by cầu (求, “to seek”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cẩu an</i>

vi-etym-sino

to be quiet-seeking; to long for a quiet life

...được thực hành rộng rãi ở mọi tông phái khác nhau của Phật giáo trong các thời lễ nhằm cầu an...

...widely practiced in every different sect of Buddhism during ceremonies to pray for peace...


sưu tầm

[ʂɨw˧˧ təm˦˩]

[sɨw˧˧ təm˦˩]

[ʂɨw˧˧ təm˨˩]

[sɨw˧˧ təm˨˩]

nhà sưu tầm

to collect; to search for; to look for (in a systematic way)


đồng cảm

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kaːm˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ kaːm˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kaːm˨˩˦]

to sympathise (with); to identify (with)


điểm danh

[ʔɗiəm˧˩ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗiəm˧˨ jɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗim˨˩˦ jan˧˧]

to name someone (who satisfies certain criteria); to refer by name


tiếp thu

[tiəp̚˧˦ tʰu˧˧]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

[tip̚˦˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 接受 (“to receive; to accept”, SV: tiếp thụ), under the influence of thu (收, “to receive”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiếp thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(rare) to receive (something given by others)

to accept (criticism, feedback, etc.); to take in

(of an organism) to acquire (features after birth from the environment)


khua

Bà lão mù đang khua gậy dò đường

The blind old lady is waving her white cane to scan the way

repeatedly moving hands or long items from side to side


giao phối

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-giao phối.wav


chuồn

to blow (to leave), to decamp, to get out, to escape


ghẹo

head

嘺, 憍, 撟, 咬, 挑

vi-verb

嘺, 憍, 撟, 咬, 挑


quá giang

[kwaː˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[kwaː˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˧]

[waː˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 過江 (“to cross a river”). See also quá độ.

vi-etym-sino

(Southern Vietnam) to cross a body of water by boat

(by extension, Southern Vietnam) to hitchhike


trì hoãn

[t͡ɕi˨˩ hwaːn˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɪj˦˩ hwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʈɪj˨˩ waːŋ˨˩˦]

chuyến bay bị trì hoãn


lưu hành

[lɨw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

lưu hành loại tiền mới


quỳ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 跪 (“to kneel”, SV: quỵ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quỵ</i>


rồ

to go mad, to go crazy, to become insane


rồ

rồ máy


nháy

nháy đèn

nháy mắt

Làm nháy không em?


tụ họp

[tu˧˨ʔ hɔp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ hɔp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩˨ hɔp̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 聚合 (SV: tụ hợp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tụ hợp</i>


đi ngoài

[ʔɗi˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ŋwaːj˦˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đi ngoài.wav

đi ngoài ra nước
to go to the bathroom and pass loose stools, i.e. to have diarrhoea
[Note: this may be a pun on đi ra nước ngoài (“to go abroad”)]

(euphemistic) to do number two; to relieve oneself; to move one's bowels


nhập ngũ

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ ŋu˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ ŋʊw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ ŋʊw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhập ngũ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 入伍, composed of 入 (“to enter”) and 伍 (“squad of five”).


ngưỡng mộ

[ŋɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ mo˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨəŋ˧˨ mow˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨəŋ˨˩˦ mow˨˩˨]


hoà đồng

[hwaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[hwaː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[waː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和 (“harmonious”) and 同 (“same”).


xúc động

[sʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


ăn uống

[ʔan˧˧ ʔuəŋ˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔuəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔuəŋ˦˥]

to consume foods and drinks (generally speaking)


đụng chạm

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ t͡ɕaːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ caːm˨˩˨]

to bump (against each other); to collide (with); to touch

to clash (with each other); to have a minor conflict (with)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of động chạm (“to touch upon; to harm”)


kiện cáo

[kiəŋ˨˩ʔ kaːw˨˩˦]

[kiəŋ˨˩˨ kaːw˦˥]


cởi mở

[kəːj˧˩ məː˧˩]

[kəːj˧˨ məː˧˨]

[kəːj˨˩˦ məː˨˩˦]


làm biếng

[laːm˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˦]

[laːm˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[laːm˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be lazy


ganh đua

[ɣajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]

[ɣɛɲ˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]

[ɣan˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]


khoe khoang

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰwɛ˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰwɛ˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]


xông xáo

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˧˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˦˥]


ganh

head

兢, 坑, 爭, 竞, 競

vi-verb

兢, 坑, 爭, 竞, 競

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 競 (“to compete”, SV: cạnh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cạnh</i>


đua tranh

[ʔɗuə˧˧ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʈɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʈan˧˧]

to compete (fiercely); to contend (with)


lên đỉnh

[len˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˩]

[len˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˨]

[ləːn˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên đỉnh.wav

(figurative, humorous) to orgasm; to climax


toát

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

sợ toát mồ hôi


thoát

[tʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]


xía

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to interfere


trang trải

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕaːj˧˩]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈaːj˧˨]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈaːj˨˩˦]


truyền đạt

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]


cách tân

[kat̚˦˧˥ təŋ˧˧]

[kat̚˦˥ təŋ˧˧]


giặt giũ

[zat̚˧˨ʔ zu˦ˀ˥]

[jak̚˨˩ʔ jʊw˧˨]

[jak̚˨˩˨ jʊw˨˩˦]

to wash; to launder (generally speaking)


thấm thía

[tʰəm˧˦ tʰiə˧˦]

[tʰəm˦˧˥ tʰiə˨˩˦]

[tʰəm˦˥ tʰiə˦˥]

to be piercing; to be penetrating; to be poignant; to be sincere; to penetrate; to pervade

(colloquial) Synonym of thấm tháp (“to be sufficient”)


phán đoán

[faːn˧˦ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[faːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˦˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]


quả quyết

[waː˨˩˦ wiək̚˦˥]

to assert; to claim; to aver; to maintain


giở quẻ

[zəː˧˩ kwɛ˧˩]

[jəː˧˨ kwɛ˧˨]

[jəː˨˩˦ wɛ˨˩˦]

giở + quẻ. Calque of Chinese 變卦／变卦 (biến quái).

(colloquial) to suddenly change one's state or attitude (from good to bad); to change one's mind or conduct; to go back on one's word


đãi

head

đãi • (𣹘, 待, 代)

vi-verb

đãi • (𣹘, 待, 代)

to rinse off (unwanted parts in water); to wash out; to pan off; to flay (soybean)


đãi

to treat (someone to); to entertain (someone to)


đượm

head

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)

vi-verb

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)


ngốn

ngốn lấy ngốn để


nhòm

to look through a narrow opening or passage, such as a small hole, a microscope or binoculars


khoan hồng

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

to be clement; to be merciful; to be lenient


lẽo đẽo

[lɛw˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛw˦ˀ˥]

[lɛw˧˨ ʔɗɛw˧˨]

[lɛw˨˩˦ ʔɗɛw˨˩˦]


chuyển tự

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˨]


nghi ngút

[ŋi˧˧ ŋut̚˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋʊk͡p̚˦˥]

𤐡𩂟宜𩂁岸𣾺
𡥵𪀄拨񣢅落𩔗呌傷

18th century, Đặng Trần Côn (鄧陳琨) (circa 1705–1745) (original Chinese), translated by Đoàn Thị Điểm (段氏點) (1705–1746/1748) (traditionally claimed), might actually be translated by Phan Huy Ích (潘輝益) (1751–1822), Chinh phụ ngâm khúc (征婦吟曲) [The Song of a Soldier's Wife], lines 283-284:

Thick mists like billows surge above the woods,
A wind-blown bird, astray, cries piteous cries.

Khói mù nghi ngút ngàn khơi,
Con chim bạt gió lạc loài kêu thương.


rớm

to be wet with (tears, etc.); to be moist with


cảm tạ

[kaːm˧˩ taː˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ taː˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ taː˨˩˨]

Gia đình chúng tôi xin chân thành cảm tạ bà con cô bác, họ hàng gần xa đã đến chia buồn.

Our family would like to sincerely thank our relatives and acquaintances who have come and offered their condolences.

(formal, chiefly in obituaries) to thank


救國

chữ Hán form of cứu quốc (“to rescue the country; to save the nation”).


bâu

(Northern Vietnam) to assemble, to gather into one place


đầu phiếu

[ʔɗəw˨˩ fiəw˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ fiw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ fiw˦˥]


suy diễn

[ʂwɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨]

[swɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦]


tự vẫn

[tɨ˧˨ʔ vən˦ˀ˥]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ vəŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ vəŋ˨˩˦]

[tɨ˨˩˨ jəŋ˨˩˦]

(original meaning) to commit suicide by cutting one's throat

nhảy lầu tự vẫn

to commit suicide by jumping off a building

treo cổ tự vẫn

(literary, modern usage, may be considered incorrect) to commit suicide; to take one's own life

modern usage; may be considered incorrect; modern usage; may be considered incorrect


thỉnh giáo

[tʰïŋ˧˩ zaːw˧˦]

[tʰɨn˧˨ jaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰɨn˨˩˦ jaːw˦˥]


khinh thị

[xïŋ˧˧ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kʰɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[xɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[xɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩˨]


tuyệt chủng

[twiət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[twiək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 絕種, composed of 絕 (“to terminate”) and 種 (“species”). Compare Japanese 絶種 (zesshu, “extinct species”).


ăn nói

[ʔan˧˧ nɔj˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ nɔj˨˩˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ nɔj˦˥]


tham chiến

[tʰaːm˧˧ t͡ɕiən˧˦]

[tʰaːm˧˧ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ciəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 參戰, composed of 參 (“to participate in, to engage in”) and 戰 (“war, fight, conflict”).


mè nheo

[mɛ˨˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

[mɛ˦˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

[mɛ˨˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

(colloquial) to bother, annoy others by crying and begging


cải táng

[kaːj˧˩ taːŋ˧˦]

[kaːj˧˨ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[kaːj˨˩˦ taːŋ˦˥]

to disinter for reburial (a tradition in northern Vietnam); to reinter; to rebury


cứa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鋸 (“saw; to saw off”, SV: cứ). Compare cưa.


lìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 離 (“to leave”, SV: li).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">li</i>


tợ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 似 (“to resemble”, SV: tự). Compare tựa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be like; to be similar to


bá láp

[ʔɓaː˧˦ laːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ laːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ laːp̚˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to humbug, to tell lies


duỗi

Compare Proto-Katuic *jɔɔs (“to stretch (arm, leg)”).


thùa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 繡 (SV: tú).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tú</i>


bán chác

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ t͡ɕaːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ caːk̚˦˥]

bán (“to sell”) + chác (“(obsolete) to buy”).

com

(colloquial) to sell (goods); to trade (in something)