lẳng lơ

[laŋ˧˩ ləː˧˧]

[laŋ˧˨ ləː˧˧]

[laŋ˨˩˦ ləː˧˧]

Con gái con đứa gì mà lẳng lơ.

(derogatory, usually of a woman) sexually loose; slutty; skanky


chua ngoa

[t͡ɕuə˧˧ ŋwaː˧˧]

[t͡ɕuə˧˧ ŋwaː˧˧]

[cuə˧˧ ŋwaː˧˧]

(usually of a woman) sharp-tongued; caustic; talkative and talking in hyperbole


bất lực

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ lɨk̚˨˩˨]


ngoa

(speaking) untruthful; deceitful; boastful; sharp-tongued


cân đối

[kən˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoj˦˥]


đầy đặn

[ʔɗəj˨˩ ʔɗan˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəj˦˩ ʔɗaŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəj˨˩ ʔɗaŋ˨˩˨]

雲(Vân)󰏙(xem)莊(trang)重(trọng)恪(khác)潙(vời)
囷(Khuôn)𦝄(trăng)苔(đầy)惮(đặn)󰞺(nét)𧍋(ngài)𦬑(nở)囊(nang)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)^(https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Truyện_Kiều_(bản_Liễu_Văn_Ðường_1866)), published 1866, lines 19–20:

Vân’s beauty was very remarkable.
 Her eyebrows – full crescent arcs, her moonlit face – oval.


ẻo lả

[ʔɛw˧˩ laː˧˩]

[ʔɛw˧˨ laː˧˨]

[ʔɛw˨˩˦ laː˨˩˦]

2017, Người phán xử (The Arbitrator), Tập 16
Còn lần này, thì con phải vỗ tay nhiệt liệt, vì ba làm việc quá hiệu quả để lòi ra một thằng ẻo lả. Đây bắt con gọi bằng em à?
But this time, I [the son] must loudly applaud the fact that dad was really efficient in bringing home a little one ― this is forcing me to call him younger brother, huh!

(ideophonic) weak (from lack of strength); puny; feeble

(ideophonic) graceful; slender; delicate


đứng hình

[ʔɗɨŋ˧˦ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗɨŋ˦˧˥ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗɨŋ˦˥ hɨn˨˩]

Máy em bị đứng hình rồi.

(literal) subjected to an unwanted freeze frame


gợi cảm

[ɣəːj˧˨ʔ kaːm˧˩]

[ɣəːj˨˩ʔ kaːm˧˨]

[ɣəːj˨˩˨ kaːm˨˩˦]


mầu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 妙 (SV: diệu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">diệu</i>


liên tiểu bang

[liən˧˧ tiəw˧˩ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]

[liəŋ˧˧ tiw˧˨ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]

[liəŋ˧˧ tiw˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]

Xa lộ Liên tiểu bang 10


đen tối

[ʔɗɛn˧˧ toj˧˦]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ toj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ toj˦˥]

cái đầu đen tối

(idiomatic, of a mind or thought) perverted; in the gutter


hằng hà sa số

[haŋ˨˩ haː˨˩ saː˧˧ so˧˦]

[haŋ˦˩ haː˦˩ ʂaː˧˧ ʂow˨˩˦]

[haŋ˦˩ haː˦˩ saː˧˧ sow˨˩˦]

[haŋ˨˩ haː˨˩ ʂaː˧˧ ʂow˦˥]

[haŋ˨˩ haː˨˩ saː˧˧ sow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hằng Hà sa số.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 恆河沙數, composed of 恆河 (“Ganges”), 沙 (“sand”) and 數 (“number”). See also Chinese 恆河沙／恒河沙 (hénghéshā, “10⁵²”).


đốm

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 點 (SV: điểm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">điểm</i>


đậm

trà đậm

đỏ đậm


lồng lộng

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ləwŋ͡m˦˩ ləwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

(of wind in an open space) blowing very strongly

(of sky etc.) high and immense; vast; broad and wide

đẹp lồng lộng

(neologism, colloquial, slang, following an adjective) immense; extreme


tấp nập

[təp̚˧˦ nəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[təp̚˦˧˥ nəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[təp̚˦˥ nəp̚˨˩˨]


hèn hạ

[hɛn˨˩ haː˧˨ʔ]

[hɛŋ˦˩ haː˨˩ʔ]

[hɛŋ˨˩ haː˨˩˨]

(of position, status, etc.) humble; lowly


bối rối

[ʔɓoj˨˩˦ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓoj˦˥ ɹoj˦˥]


bủn xỉn

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ sɨn˨˩˦]

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 貧賤 (SV: bần tiện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bần tiện</i>


lật đật

head

lật đà lật đật

lật đật (‑a reduplication lật đà lật đật)

[lət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗət̚˧˨ʔ]

[lək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗək̚˨˩ʔ]

[lək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗək̚˨˩˨]


bếp núc

[ʔɓep̚˧˦ nʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓep̚˦˧˥ nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓep̚˦˥ nʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

From bếp (“stove, cooker”) + núc (“clay tripod for cooking”).

com

Uầy, tui không rành mấy chuyện bếp núc lắm.


ngây thơ như con cầy tơ

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧ kɔn˧˧ kəj˨˩ təː˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧ kəj˦˩ təː˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧ ɲɨ˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧ kəj˨˩ təː˧˧]

ngây thơ (“naive”) + như (“like”) + con (animal classifier) + cầy tơ (“young civet; young dog”)


lúng túng

head

lúng túng (‑a reduplication lúng ta lúng túng)

[lʊwŋ͡m˧˦ tʊwŋ͡m˧˦]

[lʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ tʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[lʊwŋ͡m˦˥ tʊwŋ͡m˦˥]


tinh vi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精微 (“profound and subtle”).

vi-etym-sino

[tïŋ˧˧ vi˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

máy móc tinh vi

thủ đoạn tinh vi


tinh vi

Perhaps a jocular allusion to tinh tướng.

[tïŋ˧˧ vi˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

(humorous) Synonym of tinh tướng (“vain; conceited; pompous”)


lộng

head

lộng (diminutive reduplication lồng lộng)

(of wind in an open space) blowing strongly


hậu đậu

[həw˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ]

[həw˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ]

[həw˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩˨]


chảnh

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chính</i>

vi-etym-sino

non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 正 (“straight, upright, correct, proper”, SV: chính)

(colloquial) prim; cocky; hard to please


rốt

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *rʔuc ~ *rʔuuc ~ *rʔuəc ~ *rʔəc ~ *rʔuj ~ *rʔuəj; cognate with Khmer រួច (ruəc).


tàn bạo

[taːn˨˩ ʔɓaːw˧˨ʔ]

[taːŋ˦˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩ʔ]

[taːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩˨]


trẩu

Quả tóc của mày trông trẩu vãi lìn.

That hair of yours is fucking ridiculous.

(neologism, slang) showy but ridiculous; Contraction of trẻ trâu.


dính

head

酩, 穎, 𬗀, 粘, 颖, 訂, 性

vi-adj

酩, 穎, 𬗀, 粘, 颖, 訂, 性

酩 (CJK)
穎 (CJK)
𬗀 (CJK)
粘 (CJK)
颖 (CJK)
訂 (CJK)
性 (CJK)

Cognate with Chut [Mày] patĭŋ³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).
Formally, this looks like a causative prefixed (Proto-Vietic prefix *pr- ~ *p-) derivative of a root. This root is probably of Sinitic origin and related to the modern Sino-Vietnamese morpheme định (定), i.e. "to make fixed" or "to cause to be fixed". Another possibility is that the root is related to đính (釘) instead.


dơ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-dơ.wav

Perhaps a dialectal variant that can occur alone of nhơ. Compare the synonyms dơ bẩn and nhơ bẩn. See also dòm and nhòm.

đồ dơ

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) dirty; unclean


bịnh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of bệnh


hảo ngọt

[haːw˧˩ ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːw˧˨ ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːw˨˩˦ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨]


hóc

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *hɔɔk; cognate with Eastern Mnong dhŏk (“to choke”) and Proto-Katuic *hɔɔk (“to choke on food”) (whence Pacoh hoq). Related to Acehnese huëk.

(figurative) choked; jammed; stuck; immobilized


ba lăm

[ʔɓaː˧˧ lam˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ lam˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ lam˧˧]

giở trò ba lăm

to sexually prey on someone; to perform a perverted act on someone

Cái thằng ba lăm này!

(slang, Southern Vietnam) sexually predatory


nhục nhã

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ɲaː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ɲaː˧˨]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲaː˨˩˦]


thô lỗ

[tʰo˧˧ lo˦ˀ˥]


điếm

Thằng đó điếm lắm!

(colloquial, Southern Vietnam, games) being a cheater


niên thiếu

[niəŋ˧˧ tʰiw˨˩˦]

[niəŋ˧˧ tʰiw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 年少 (“young; of youth”).

vi-etym-sino

Thời niên thiếu của Bao Thanh Thiên


dễ tính

[ze˦ˀ˥ tïŋ˧˦]

easy to please or figure out; easy-going


vòi vọi

head

vòi vọi (‑a reduplication vòi và vòi vọi)

[vɔj˨˩ vɔj˧˨ʔ]

[vɔj˦˩ vɔj˨˩ʔ]

[vɔj˨˩ vɔj˨˩˨]

[jɔj˨˩ jɔj˨˩˨]


khó tính

[xɔ˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[kʰɔ˨˩˦ tɨn˦˧˥]

[xɔ˨˩˦ tɨn˦˧˥]

[kʰɔ˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

[xɔ˦˥ tɨn˦˥]

khó (“hard; difficult”) + tính (“character”).

com

hard to please (because of having many requirements); difficult


thanh nhã

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ɲaː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ɲaː˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ ɲaː˨˩˦]


khả quan

[kʰaː˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[xaː˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰaː˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

[xaː˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]


nông cạn

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːn˧˨ʔ]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˨]

(of understanding) superficial; perfunctory; shallow


gan dạ

[ɣaːn˧˧ zaː˧˨ʔ]

[ɣaːŋ˧˧ jaː˨˩ʔ]

[ɣaːŋ˧˧ jaː˨˩˨]


kíp

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 急 (“urgent”, SV: cấp). Also compare gấp.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cấp</i>

vi-etym-sino

(no longer used in isolation) urgent; pressing; hurried


thiển cận

[tʰiən˧˩ kən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˨ kəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˨˩˦ kəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 淺近, composed of 淺 (“shallow”) and 近 (“near”).

(of thought, idea, view, etc.) shallow; superficial


eo éo

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɛw˧˦]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɛw˨˩˦]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɛw˦˥]


nam tính

[naːm˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[naːm˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 男性 (“masculinity”).


xa xỉ

[saː˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[saː˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]


khiếm thính

[xiəm˧˦ tʰïŋ˧˦]

[kʰiəm˦˧˥ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[xiəm˦˧˥ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[kʰim˦˥ tʰɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 欠 (“deficient in”) and 聽 (“hearing”).

(formal, euphemistic) deaf, hearing-impaired


ngọng nghịu

[ŋawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ ŋiw˧˨ʔ]

[ŋawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ŋiw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɔŋ˨˩ʔ ŋiw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋawŋ͡m˨˩˨ ŋiw˨˩˨]


hảo hạng

[haːw˧˩ haːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[haːw˧˨ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[haːw˨˩˦ haːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 好 (“good”) and 項 (“item”).

(of product, goods) good-quality; high-class; high-grade


khúc chiết

[xʊwk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕiət̚˧˦]

[kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕiək̚˦˧˥]

[xʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕiək̚˦˧˥]

[kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ciək̚˦˥]

[xʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ciək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 曲折 (“complicated; tortuous; convoluted”).


bất thường

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

họp bất thường

bất bình thường
bất bình thường#Vietnamese

(ominous or disapproving) Clipping of bất bình thường (“unusual; abnormal”).


dằng dặc

[zaŋ˨˩ zak̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaŋ˦˩ jak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaŋ˨˩ jak̚˨˩˨]

Reduplicated from earlier dặc, meaning unknown, but could be assumed to be a synonym of dằng dặc.


an ninh

[ʔaːn˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-an ninh.wav


can đảm

[kaːn˧˧ ʔɗaːm˧˩]

[kaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːm˧˨]

[kaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 肝膽, composed of 肝 (“liver”) and 膽 (“gallbladder”).


bình dị

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɪj˨˩˨]


trơ

head

trơ • (𫬕) (diminutive reduplication trơ trơ)

𫬕 (CJK)
trơ trơ (diminutive reduplication)


móm

(of people, especially old people) having lost all teeth; toothless


kĩ lưỡng

[ki˦ˀ˥ lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[kɪj˧˨ lɨəŋ˧˨]

[kɪj˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˨˩˦]

careful (not to make mistakes); meticulous; thorough


chậm trễ

[t͡ɕəm˧˨ʔ t͡ɕe˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ʔ ʈej˧˨]

[cəm˨˩˨ ʈej˨˩˦]


dơ bẩn

[zəː˧˧ ʔɓən˧˩]

[jəː˧˧ ʔɓəŋ˧˨]

[jəː˧˧ ʔɓəŋ˨˩˦]


đầm đìa

[ʔɗəm˨˩ ʔɗiə˨˩]

[ʔɗəm˦˩ ʔɗiə˦˩]

[ʔɗəm˨˩ ʔɗiə˨˩]

Sở dĩ ông Thiệp đặt câu hỏi này là bởi, trong cáo trạng và quá trình xét xử một số bị cáo đều xác định PVC không đủ năng lực để thực hiện dự án và "nợ nần đầm đìa".

2018 January 9, “Ông Đinh La Thăng xin toà xem xét cho cấp dưới”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

The reason Mr. Thiệp asked this question was that some defendants had, during the indictment and trial process, identified PVC as inadequately qualified to carry out the project and being “over head and ears in debt”.


hậu phẫu

[həw˧˨ʔ fəw˦ˀ˥]

[həw˨˩ʔ fəw˧˨]

[həw˨˩˨ fəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後 (“after”) and 剖 (“to dissect”).


hiếu thảo

lòng hiếu thảo


suôn sẻ

[suən˧˧ sɛ˧˩]

[ʂuəŋ˧˧ ʂɛ˧˨]

[suəŋ˧˧ sɛ˧˨]

[ʂuəŋ˧˧ ʂɛ˨˩˦]

[suəŋ˧˧ sɛ˨˩˦]

Chỉ mong sao mọi thứ cứ suôn sẻ mà sống thôi.

Hoping my life will go on without any trouble.


ngây thơ

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ tʰəː˧˧]

naive; innocent; unsophisticated; inexperienced


kếch xù

[kəjk̟̚˧˦ su˨˩]

[ket̚˦˧˥ sʊw˦˩]

[kəːt̚˦˥ sʊw˨˩]


ỉu

soft (due to having a high moisture content); doughy; soggy

(colloquial) in low spirits; gloomy; sad; blue


bàng hoàng

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ waːŋ˨˩]


đa khoa

[ʔɗaː˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多 (“many”) and 科 (“specialty; discipline”).

bệnh viện đa khoa

bác sĩ đa khoa

(medicine) having many medical specialties; relating to polyclinic or general practice


xấu số

[səw˨˩˦ ʂow˨˩˦]

[səw˨˩˦ sow˨˩˦]

[səw˦˥ ʂow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xấu số.wav

(colloquial) unlucky; ill-fated; unfortunate


bốp

(onomatopoeia) having a popping or striking sound


bốp

(colloquial, rare, of clothes) foppish; dandified; swell


thành khẩn

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ xən˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ kʰəŋ˧˨]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ xəŋ˧˨]

[tʰan˨˩ kʰəŋ˨˩˦]

[tʰan˨˩ xəŋ˨˩˦]


trừu tượng

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨw˦˩ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨw˨˩ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 抽象, Japanese 抽象 (chūshō).


quyết liệt

[kwiət̚˧˦ liət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwiək̚˦˧˥ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[wiək̚˦˥ liək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 決 (“definitely”) and 烈 (“staunch; extreme”).


tiền mê

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前 (“before”) and 迷 (“unconscious”).


tuyệt hảo

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ haːw˨˩˦]


đúng đắn

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗan˧˦]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗaŋ˦˥]

correct (and worthy of being a model); proper


sốt ruột

[sot̚˧˦ zuət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂok̚˦˧˥ ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sok̚˦˧˥ ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂok̚˦˥ ɹuək̚˨˩˨]

[sok̚˦˥ ɹuək̚˨˩˨]

sốt (“hot; feverish”) + ruột (“intestines”).


chải chuốt

[t͡ɕaːj˧˩ t͡ɕuət̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕaːj˧˨ t͡ɕuək̚˦˧˥]

[caːj˨˩˦ cuək̚˦˥]


khẩn trương

[xən˧˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˧]

[kʰəŋ˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˧˧]

[xəŋ˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˧˧]

[kʰəŋ˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˧˧]

[xəŋ˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 緊張 (kinchō, “tension”).

nhiệm vụ khẩn trương

(of work, tasks, missions, etc.) urgent; pressing

tác phong khẩn trương

Khẩn trương lên !

(of people or their performance) quick, resolute, to the point, without hesitation or dilly-dallying


thịnh vượng

[tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ vɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩ʔ vɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩˨ vɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[tʰɨn˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盛旺, composed of 盛 (“flourishing; plentiful”) and 旺 (“flourishing”).


ngọt ngào

[ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ ŋaːw˨˩]

[ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ ŋaːw˦˩]

[ŋɔk̚˨˩˨ ŋaːw˨˩]

(of taste, voice, feeling, etc.) sweet; pleasant; loving; tender; suave


phúc

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


thanh mai trúc mã

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ maːj˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ maː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ maː˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青梅竹馬 (“green plums and bamboo horse”), from Chinese 青梅竹馬／青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ). Compare Japanese 竹馬の友 (chikuba no tomo, “childhood friend”, literally “bamboo horse friend”).

cog

bạn thanh mai trúc mã

the boy/girl who was one's childhood friend and with whom one's now falling in love

(chiefly fiction) alluding to the notion of being a childhood friend of the opposite sex to someone and growing to be in love with them or vice-versa


núc

[nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

béo núc

(Northern Vietnam, of an animal) plump, brawny, fat


chơi vơi

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ vəːj˧˧]

[t͡ɕəːj˧˧ vəːj˧˧]

[cəːj˧˧ vəːj˧˧]

[cəːj˧˧ jəːj˧˧]

in an isolated place (and unsure where to go); lonely; solitary


lạt

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of nhạt (“tasteless; bland”)


nôn nóng

[noŋ˧˧ nawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[noŋ˧˧ nɔŋ˦˧˥]


mỏng manh

[mawŋ͡m˧˨ mɛɲ˧˧]

[mɔŋ˧˨ mɛɲ˧˧]

Synonym of mong manh (“ephemeral; transitory”)


mong manh

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ mɛɲ˧˧]

[mɔŋ˧˧ mɛɲ˧˧]

ephemeral; passing; short-lived; transitory

Synonym of mỏng manh (“fragile; delicate”)


sinh lí

[sïŋ˧˧ li˧˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨn˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

[sɨn˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-sinh lí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生理, composed of 生 (“life”) and 理 (“workings”). Compare địa lí (“geography”, literally “workings of the earth”), vật lí (“physics”, literally “workings of things”) and tâm lí (“psychology”, literally “workings of the mind”).


quanh co

[kwajŋ̟˧˧ kɔ˧˧]

[kwɛɲ˧˧ kɔ˧˧]

quanh co chối tội

to be evasive and refuse to admit one's guilt

beating about the bush
beat about the bush

beating about the bush; in a roundabout way; disingenuous


hào phóng

[haːw˦˩ fɔŋ˦˧˥]


chân thành

[t͡ɕən˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[cəŋ˧˧ tʰan˨˩]


đau khổ

[ʔɗaw˧˧ xo˧˩]

[ʔɗaw˧˧ kʰow˧˨]

[ʔɗa(ː)w˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦]


gia trưởng

[zaː˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[jaː˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[jaː˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家長 (“household head”).


chịu khó

[t͡ɕiw˧˨ʔ xɔ˧˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ʔ kʰɔ˨˩˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩ʔ xɔ˨˩˦]

[ciw˨˩˨ kʰɔ˦˥]

[ciw˨˩˨ xɔ˦˥]

chịu (“to endure; to be willing to”) + khó (“difficult”).


phân phối

[fəŋ˧˧ foj˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ foj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân phối.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 分配, composed of 分 (“to divide”) and 配 (“to join”), from Japanese 分配 (bunpai), from Literary Chinese 分配 (fēnpèi, “to coordinate; to arrange”).


sát nút

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ nʊk̚˦˧˥]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ nʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ nʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[saːk̚˦˥ nʊk͡p̚˦˥]

(colloquial) close (with a very small gap)


vững chắc

[vɨŋ˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕak̚˧˦]

[vɨŋ˧˨ t͡ɕak̚˦˧˥]

[vɨŋ˨˩˦ cak̚˦˥]

[jɨŋ˨˩˦ cak̚˦˥]


khùng khục

[xʊwŋ͡m˨˩ xʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xʊwŋ͡m˦˩ xʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[xʊwŋ͡m˨˩ xʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


khoả thân

[xwaː˧˩ tʰən˧˧]

[kʰwaː˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[xwaː˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[kʰwaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[xwaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]


cường tráng

[kɨəŋ˨˩ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˦]

[kɨəŋ˦˩ ʈaːŋ˦˧˥]

[kɨəŋ˨˩ ʈaːŋ˦˥]


cứng nhắc

[kɨŋ˧˦ ɲak̚˧˦]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ ɲak̚˦˧˥]

[kɨŋ˦˥ ɲak̚˦˥]


dày dạn

[jaj˦˩ jaːŋ˨˩ʔ]


hiểm nghèo

[hiəm˧˩ ŋɛw˨˩]

[hiəm˧˨ ŋɛw˦˩]

[him˨˩˦ ŋɛw˨˩]

bệnh hiểm nghèo


bốn mắt

[ʔɓon˧˦ mat̚˧˦]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˥ mak̚˦˥]

(figurative, colloquial) bespectacled; four-eyed


tối cao

Sino-Vietnamese word from 最高 (“highest”).

vi-etym-sino

quyền lực tối cao

Tòa án Nhân dân Tối cao

đấng tối cao

(usually government or religion) supreme


trung ương

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Hệ thần kinh trung ương


đuối

head

đuối • (𬉪 - 𪶊, 濧, 涗)

vi-adj

đuối • (𬉪 - 𪶊, 濧, 涗)

đuối sức

đuối nước


tối đa

[toj˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[toj˨˩˦ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[toj˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 最多, composed of 最 (“-est; most”) and 多 (“many”).


Mãn Châu

[maːn˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[maːŋ˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]


ngốc nghếch

[ŋəwk͡p̚˧˦ ŋəjk̟̚˧˦]

[ŋəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ŋet̚˦˧˥]

[ŋəwk͡p̚˦˥ ŋəːt̚˦˥]


hiếm hoi

[hiəm˦˧˥ hɔj˧˧]

having few or no children (after being married for a long time); sterile


thảo mai

[tʰaːw˨˩˦ maːj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 草 (“grasses, herbs”) and 梅 (“Prunus mume, Ochna integerrima”); with the figurative connation being "innocent-looking". Apparently a Vietnamese construct.

(slang, derogatory) smarmy or affected with the sole intention to gain approval


khốc liệt

[xəwk͡p̚˧˦ liət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[xəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəwk͡p̚˦˥ liək̚˨˩˨]

[xəwk͡p̚˦˥ liək̚˨˩˨]


tu từ

[tʊw˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[tʊw˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

câu hỏi tu từ


dạt dào

[zaːt̚˧˨ʔ zaːw˨˩]

[jaːk̚˨˩ʔ jaːw˦˩]

[jaːk̚˨˩˨ jaːw˨˩]

overflowing; overbrimming; surging; abundant


sâu xa

[səw˧˧ saː˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ saː˧˧]

[səw˧˧ saː˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ saː˧˧]

[səw˧˧ saː˧˧]


ngây

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 呆 (“dull-minded, stupid”, SV: ngai).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngai</i>

vi-etym-sino

looking stupid; looking naive; looking stupefied; catatonic


dại dột

[zaːj˧˨ʔ zot̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˨˩ʔ jok̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˨˩˨ jok̚˨˩˨]

dại (“foolish”) + dột (“(archaic) foolish”).


lập pháp

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ faːp̚˧˦]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ faːp̚˦˥]

nhánh lập pháp


gián tiếp

[jaːŋ˦˧˥ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[jaːŋ˦˥ tip̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 間接, composed of 間 (“interval; space”) and 接 (“to connect”), Japanese 間接 (kansetsu).


phởn phơ

[fəːn˧˩ fəː˧˧]

[fəːŋ˧˨ fəː˧˧]

[fəːŋ˨˩˦ fəː˧˧]

looking refreshed, relaxed, pleased or elated


Hung Nô

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ no˧˧]


tỏ

(rare, of eyes, ears) still able to see or hear clearly despite old age


khổ thân

[xo˧˩ tʰən˧˧]

[kʰow˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[xow˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[kʰow˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[xow˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 苦 (“suffering”) and 身 (“body; self”).

(colloquial) tormenting; self-tormenting; painful; poor; pitiable


quýu

(colloquial, Southern Vietnam) being in such great anxiety that one's body starts to tremble or shrink


đáng kể

[ʔɗaːŋ˧˦ ke˧˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥ kej˧˨]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˥ kej˨˩˦]


trầm lặng

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ laŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəm˦˩ laŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəm˨˩ laŋ˨˩˨]


tất bật

[tət̚˧˦ ʔɓət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tək̚˦˥ ʔɓək̚˨˩˨]


điều hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of điều hoà.


đồng loạt

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ lwaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ lwaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˨˩˨]


điều hoà

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ hwaː˨˩]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ hwaː˦˩]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ waː˨˩]


cao vút

[kaːw˧˧ vʊk̚˦˧˥]

[kaːw˧˧ vʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[kaːw˧˧ jʊk͡p̚˦˥]

very tall (and straight in the air); immeasurably high


gai góc

[ɣaːj˧˧ ɣawk͡p̚˧˦]

[ɣaːj˧˧ ɣawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ɣaːj˧˧ ɣawk͡p̚˦˥]

gai (“thorn; prickle”) + góc (“corner; angle”).


trơn trượt

[t͡ɕəːn˧˧ t͡ɕɨət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəːŋ˧˧ ʈɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəːŋ˧˧ ʈɨək̚˨˩˨]


ngông cuồng

[ŋəwŋ͡m˧˧ kuəŋ˨˩]

[ŋəwŋ͡m˧˧ kuəŋ˦˩]

[ŋəwŋ͡m˧˧ kuəŋ˨˩]


quý hiếm

[kwɪj˨˩˦ hiəm˦˧˥]


thô sơ

[tʰo˧˧ səː˧˧]

[tʰow˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[tʰow˧˧ səː˧˧]

[tʰow˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[tʰow˧˧ səː˧˧]


lạc lõng

[laːk̚˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˨]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˨]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˨˩˦]

From lạc (“to lost”) + lõng (“deer's track”). Traditionally assumed to be a reduplicative form of lạc.


trọng thể

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 重 (“heavy; important; solemn”) and 體 (“manner”).


chung thân

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˧˧]

tù chung thân


lố lăng

odd (to the extent that others cannot lay their eyes on it); queer; strange; ridiculous


bức xúc

[ʔɓɨk̚˧˦ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˧˥ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˥ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


kì cục

[ki˨˩ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɪj˦˩ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɪj˨˩ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


lố

odd (to the extent of being ridiculous); strange


lố

Sáng nay chạy thi lố hết 200 mét.

Blasted past 200 meters with the running contest this morning.


trĩu

bending; curling down (due to having too much weight on it)


tình cờ

[tïŋ˨˩ kəː˨˩]

[tɨn˦˩ kəː˦˩]

[tɨn˨˩ kəː˨˩]


di truyền

[jɪj˧˧ ʈwiəŋ˦˩]

[jɪj˧˧ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遺傳, Japanese 遺伝 (iden), Middle Chinese 遺傳.


ngán

(figuratively, colloquial) having boredom in doing something


chênh vênh

[t͡ɕəjŋ̟˧˧ vəjŋ̟˧˧]

[cəːn˧˧ vəːn˧˧]

[cəːn˧˧ jəːn˧˧]


buông tuồng

[ʔɓuəŋ˧˧ tuəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˧˧ tuəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˧˧ tuəŋ˨˩]

From buông, perhaps a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 放縱 (SV: phóng túng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phóng túng</i>

vi-etym-sino

unrestrained; undisciplined; unruly; self-indulgent


khủng

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 恐 (“dreadful”).

hàng khủng

great-valued goods; huge "merchandise;" huge genitals


cốp

(onomatopoeia) Describing a low-pitched, sharp and brief sound from two hard objects bumping into each other.


nghịt

head

nghịt • (𪓈) (diminutive reduplication nghìn nghịt)

𪓈 (CJK)
nghìn nghịt (diminutive reduplication)


xấu xí

[səw˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦]

[səw˦˥ sɪj˦˥]


ngoan ngoãn

[ŋwaːn˧˧ ŋwaːn˦ˀ˥]

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˨]

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˨˩˦]

Có con chim vành khuyên nhỏ; dáng trông thật ngoan ngoãn quá

Hoàng Vân, Con chim vành khuyên (The White-Eye)

There's the little white-eye; it seems so well-behaved


Miên

Người Miên theo đạo Phật, không ai ăn thịt chó.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 16, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

The Cambodians are Buddhist, which is why no-one eats dog meat.


hỏng

(colloquial) spoiled; bad-mannered; corrupt; immoral


khôn lường

[xon˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩]

[kʰoŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˦˩]

[xoŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˦˩]

[kʰoŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩]

[xoŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩]

khôn (“impossible”) + lường (“to measure; to estimate; to foresee”)

com

hậu quả khôn lường


ẹp

Possibly a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 壓 (SV: áp). Also compare ép.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">áp</i>


bừa

Cứ để bừa ở đâu đi.


phì đại

[fi˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ]

[fɪj˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[fɪj˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨]


ngời

(in compounds) shining; beaming; radiant


triệt để

[t͡ɕiət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˩]

[ʈiək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˧˨]

[ʈiək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗej˨˩˦]


chói

Đừng rọi đèn pin vô thẳng mắt người ta nghe chưa, chói lắm.

Don't point a flashlight straight at someone's eyes, it's very bright.


chênh lệch

[t͡ɕəjŋ̟˧˧ ləjk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕen˧˧ let̚˨˩ʔ]

[cəːn˧˧ ləːt̚˨˩˨]


bát nháo

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ɲaːw˧˦]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ɲaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ɲaːw˦˥]

bát (八) + nháo. The use of bát here derived from the meaning "to gossip".


nghiệp dư

[ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ zɨ˧˧]

[ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ jɨ˧˧]

[ŋip̚˨˩˨ jɨ˧˧]


rầm rộ

[zəm˨˩ zo˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəm˦˩ ʐow˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəm˨˩ ɹow˨˩˨]

(ideophonic) boisterous; with animation; noisy


chuyên nghiệp

[t͡ɕwiən˧˧ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


lung tung

head

lung tung (‑a reduplication lung ta lung tung)

[lʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

l- reduplication of tung (“to throw, to toss”).


gian nan

[jaːŋ˧˧ naːŋ˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˧ naːŋ˧˧]


thoả

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦]

completely satisfied; to one's heart's content


lỗi thời

[loj˦ˀ˥ tʰəːj˨˩]

[loj˧˨ tʰəːj˦˩]

[loj˨˩˦ tʰəːj˨˩]

out-of-date; outdated; obsolete; obsolescent


trầm

(Southern Vietnam, of land) low and flooded


đa cấp

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多級, composed of 多 (“multi-”) and 級 (“level”).

vi-etym-sino

bán hàng đa cấp


vui nhộn

[vuj˧˧ ɲoŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vuj˧˧ ɲoŋ˨˩˨]

[juj˧˧ ɲoŋ˨˩˨]


xót xa

[sɔt̚˧˦ saː˧˧]

[sɔk̚˦˧˥ saː˧˧]

[sɔk̚˦˥ saː˧˧]


hở hang

[həː˧˩ haːŋ˧˧]

[həː˧˨ haːŋ˧˧]

[həː˨˩˦ haːŋ˧˧]

open; uncovered (usually of clothing); revealing; scanty


đoạn trường

[ʔɗwaːn˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斷腸, composed of 斷 (“to cut off”) and 腸 (“intestine”).

(archaic, literary) painful; grieved; heartbroken; anguished


thành tâm

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təm˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ təm˧˧]


thận trọng

[tʰən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˨˩˨ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


băn khoăn

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ kʰwaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ xwaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ kʰwaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ xwaŋ˧˧]


chính thống

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˦ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥ tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[cɨn˦˥ tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 正統, composed of 正 (“exact; proper”) and 統 (“to unite”).


trang trọng

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, lines 19–20:

Vân’s moon-face and chiefly her brows,
 Alike two fully unrolled silkworms,
 Gave her an imposing beauty


phản cảm

[faːŋ˧˨ kaːm˧˨]

[faːŋ˨˩˦ kaːm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 反感, composed of 反 (“anti-”) and 感 (“to feel”), Japanese 反感 (hankan, “antipathy”).

Nội dung phản cảm là nội dung khiến người khác cảm thấy cực kỳ tức giận, bị xúc phạm hoặc không được tôn trọng một cách hợp lý.

(Can we date this quote?), “Nội dung phản cảm [Offensive content]”, in Trợ giúp của Google [Google Help]:

Offensive content is content that reasonably causes another to experience extreme anger, insult, or disrespect.

Ngay từ những cảnh đầu tiên, đạo diễn “chiêu đãi” người xem bằng những cảnh nóng phản cảm. Các diễn biến sau đó đều đơn giản và dễ đoán, khiến bộ phim thiếu đi yếu tố bất ngờ và hấp dẫn.

2024 February 13, Minh Nhật, “Phim 18+ của Lê Hoàng: Cảnh nóng phản cảm, gây ức chế với khán giả [Lê Hoàng's Smut Flick Features Risque Scenes that Offend Audience's Sensibilities]”, in Tiền phong [The Vanguard]:

In the very first scenes, the director treats the audience with risque scenes. Later developments were simplistic and predictable, robbing the film of its surprising and appealing factors.

tasteless, upsetting, outrageous, tone-deaf, or even revolting


nồng nhiệt

[nəwŋ͡m˨˩ ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[nəwŋ͡m˦˩ ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[nəwŋ͡m˨˩ ɲiək̚˨˩˨]


vẻ vang

[vɛ˧˩ vaːŋ˧˧]

[vɛ˧˨ vaːŋ˧˧]

[vɛ˨˩˦ vaːŋ˧˧]

[jɛ˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˧]

glorious; blessed; honourable; wonderful


cẩn trọng

[kən˧˩ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˧˨ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˧˨ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˦ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 謹 (“careful”) and 重 (“to attach importance to”).


rát

Often theorized as being from Old Chinese 烈 (OC *[r]at) (B-S) (SV: liệt). However, the form tɑt⁷ recorded in the Vietic lect of Cao Lao Hạ and tát in the Lộc Hà lect of Hà Tĩnh point to an older form with the initial cluster *C-s instead of *r, therefore rendering the theory aforementioned unlikely. Compare pairs such as North Central tắn vs. written standard rắn, North Central tít vs. written standard rết.


tươm

head

tươm • (纖, 籖, 𫌄)

vi-adj

tươm • (纖, 籖, 𫌄)


tươm

head

tươm • (瀐, 瀸)

vi-adj

tươm • (瀐, 瀸)


dột

(of a house) with a leaky roof in the rain


rành rọt

[zajŋ̟˨˩ zɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐɛɲ˦˩ ʐɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹan˨˩ ɹɔk̚˨˩˨]


rầu rĩ

[zəw˨˩ zi˦ˀ˥]

[ʐəw˦˩ ʐɪj˧˨]

[ɹəw˨˩ ɹɪj˨˩˦]

visibly sad or distressed; morose; sullen; sulky


dang dở

[zaːŋ˧˧ zəː˧˩]

[jaːŋ˧˧ jəː˧˨]

[jaːŋ˧˧ jəː˨˩˦]


nghèo khó

[ŋɛw˨˩ xɔ˧˦]

[ŋɛw˦˩ kʰɔ˨˩˦]

[ŋɛw˦˩ xɔ˨˩˦]

[ŋɛw˨˩ kʰɔ˦˥]

[ŋɛw˨˩ xɔ˦˥]


cay đắng

[kaj˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˦]

[kaj˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥]

[ka(ː)j˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˦˥]

From cay (“spicy”) + đắng (“bitter”), calque of Chinese 辛苦 (tân khổ).

cuộc đời cay đắng

(of human experience) bitter; painful; miserable


rành

head

伶, 佲, 停, 炩, 𣉏

vi-adj

伶, 佲, 停, 炩, 𣉏

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, rare) clear; plain; evident; obvious


rầu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 愁 (SV: sầu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sầu</i>


rì rào

[ʐɪj˦˩ ʐaːw˦˩]

[ɹɪj˨˩ ɹaːw˨˩]

(onomatopoeia) rustling; rattling; soughing; crackling


bế tắc

[ʔɓe˧˦ tak̚˧˦]

[ʔɓej˨˩˦ tak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓej˦˥ tak̚˦˥]

thế bế tắc


lác đác

head

lác đác (‑a reduplication lác đa lác đác)

[laːk̚˧˦ ʔɗaːk̚˧˦]

[laːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˦˧˥]

[laːk̚˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˦˥]


chủ động

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


dạn

(archaic or Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) bold; brazen; not shy; not self-conscious

accustomed to (dangerous situations); inured to; hardened to


xảo quyệt

[saːw˨˩˦ wiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 巧譎, composed of 巧 (“skillful; cunning”) and 譎 (“deceitful”).


kệch cỡm

[kəjk̟̚˧˨ʔ kəːm˦ˀ˥]

[ket̚˨˩ʔ kəːm˧˨]

[kəːt̚˨˩˨ kəːm˨˩˦]

(of clothing, speaking) misfitted; unrefined; ludicrous


lố bịch

[lo˧˦ ʔɓïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[low˨˩˦ ʔɓɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[low˦˥ ʔɓɨt̚˨˩˨]


tự phát

[tɨ˧˨ʔ faːt̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ faːk̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˨˩˨ faːk̚˦˥]


linh động

[lïŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[lɨn˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[lɨn˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Tuy nhiên, sự "linh động" này sau đó bị siết lại, quận yêu cầu thu hồi tất cả giấy khai sinh cấp sai thẩm quyền.

2018 January 22, Viễn Sự, Sơn Lâm, “Trẻ con lai ở miền Tây: Con không cha như nhà không nóc [The mixed children in Southwestern Vietnam: a fatherless child is like a roofless house]”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

However, this “flexbility” was later tightened, with the county demanding that all the birth certificates issued nonjurisdictionally be revoked.

in a way that casts aside the formalities; flexible (when dealing with matters); accommodating to the circumstances


hiền lành

[hiəŋ˦˩ lɛɲ˦˩]


trung thực

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]


ngăm

head

ngăm • (𪑑) (diminutive reduplication ngăm ngăm)

𪑑 (CJK)
ngăm ngăm (diminutive reduplication)


sĩ diện

[si˦ˀ˥ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɪj˧˨ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sɪj˧˨ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɪj˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

[sɪj˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 士 (“scholar”) and 面 (“face”).

vi-etym-sino

Tôi tiết kiệm từng đồng để lo cho con và gia đình nhưng chồng lại tiêu xài xả láng, anh có tính rất sĩ diện và tự đề cao mình.

2016, My, “Không Có Tiền Nhưng Chồng Tôi Rất Sĩ [My Husband Has No Money but Is Very Snobbish]”, in VnExpress:

I save up every penny to care for our children and family while my husband is a spendthrift; he is very snobbish and self-aggrandizing.


thực thà

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰaː˨˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰaː˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰaː˨˩]

(Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of thật thà


đàng hoàng

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 堂皇 (“grandiose”).

Làm cho đàng hoàng vô.


lầm lì

[ləm˦˩ lɪj˦˩]

[ləm˨˩ lɪj˨˩]

Mỗi ngày tía nuôi tôi lại một thêm lầm lì, ít nói.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 19, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

With each day that passed, my adoptive father became a bit more withdrawn and taciturn.


稟生

chữ Hán form of bẩm sinh (“innate; inborn; natural”).


ba phải

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˧˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˧˨]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba phải.wav

Anh là cái đồ ba phải.

(of a person) saying “yes”, “right” or “okay” on every occasion; lacking any opinions of one's own; lacking a backbone


loè loẹt

[lwɛ˨˩ lwɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[lwɛ˦˩ lwɛk̚˨˩ʔ]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ɛ˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾ɛk̚˨˩˨]


sứt

Near-synonym: mẻ

chipped (having a chip or chips missing)


ngoạn mục

[ŋwaːn˧˨ʔ mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwaːŋ˨˩ʔ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwaːŋ˨˩˨ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玩 (“to play”) and 目 (“eyes”).

pleasant to the eyes; picturesque; spectacular; beautiful


nhộn nhịp

[ɲon˧˨ʔ ɲip̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲoŋ˨˩ʔ ɲip̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲoŋ˨˩˨ ɲip̚˨˩˨]


chân chính

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥]


giống đực

[zəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩˨]


ngây ngô

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋo˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋow˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋow˧˧]


rảnh rỗi

[ʐɛɲ˧˨ ʐoj˧˨]

[ɹan˨˩˦ ɹoj˨˩˦]


lu bù

[lu˧˧ ʔɓu˨˩]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˦˩]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˨˩]

(colloquial) boundless; too many to count; limitless; round after round; on a spree

Tại mấy năm nay mình làm việc lu bù, lại còn phải chi tiêu nhiều nữa.

For the past few years, I have been working day and night, and still have much to pay off.

(by extension) very busy with something; knee-deep in something


lu bu

[lu˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]


rơ

(of machinery) having too much play; loose


đông đúc

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


vội vã

[voj˧˨ʔ vaː˦ˀ˥]

[voj˨˩˨ vaː˨˩˦]

[joj˨˩˨ jaː˨˩˦]


lẻ loi

[lɛ˧˩ lɔj˧˧]

[lɛ˧˨ lɔj˧˧]

[lɛ˨˩˦ lɔj˧˧]


xúng xính

head

xúng xính (‑a reduplication xúng xa xúng xính)

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˦]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ sɨn˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˥ sɨn˦˥]

(ideophonic) having clothes hanging loose around one's body


hài lòng

[haːj˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hài hoà</i>


đúng điệu

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]

appropriate; adequate; timely; fashionable


diện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 面.
See nhất for explanation of the initial.


nóng vội

[nɔŋ˦˧˥ voj˨˩ʔ]


quá quắt

excessive (to the extent of being unbearable); exaggerated; intolerable


ngoan cố

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ kow˨˩˦]

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ kow˦˥]


rực rỡ

[zɨk̚˧˨ʔ zəː˦ˀ˥]

[ʐɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʐəː˧˨]

[ɹɨk̚˨˩˨ ɹəː˨˩˦]


rỡ

head

吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦

rỡ • (吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦)

vi-adj

吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦

rỡ • (吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦)


xịn

(colloquial) luxurious; fancy; posh; smart; slap-up


quạu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) irritable; cranky


keo kiệt

[kɛw˧˧ kiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɛw˧˧ kiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɛw˧˧ kiək̚˨˩˨]


cổ kính

[ko˧˩ kïŋ˧˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古 (“old”) and 敬 (“to respect”) or Sino-Vietnamese word from 古 (“old”) and 勁 (“vigour”).

vi-etym-sino

Mình rất thích nét cổ kính ở đây, rất hợp với áo dài và không khí Tết nữa.

2018 January 25, “Xúng xính áo dài đón Tết ở 'làng người Hoa'”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

I like the ancient style here a lot; it goes really well with áo dài and the Tết atmosphere.


khá giả

[xaː˧˦ zaː˧˩]

[kʰaː˨˩˦ jaː˧˨]

[xaː˨˩˦ jaː˧˨]

[kʰaː˦˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[xaː˦˥ jaː˨˩˦]


ế ẩm

[ʔe˧˦ ʔəm˧˩]

[ʔej˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˨]

[ʔej˦˥ ʔəm˨˩˦]

selling poorly; unable to find customers; unmarketable


âm tính

[ʔəm˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔəm˧˧ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰性, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 性 (“-ness”).


dương tính

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陽性, composed of 陽 (“yang”) and 性 (“-ness”).

xét nghiệm HIV dương tính


đen đủi

[ʔɗɛn˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˩]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˨]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]


áp lực

[ʔaːp̚˧˦ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ lɨk̚˨˩˨]


tượng trưng

[tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨŋ˧˧]


tục tĩu

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tiw˦ˀ˥]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tiw˨˩˦]


hung hăng

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]


đồng hương

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]


phây

head

phây • (沛) (diminutive reduplication phây phây)

沛 (CJK)
phây phây (diminutive reduplication)


bùi ngùi

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ŋuj˨˩]

[ʔɓuj˦˩ ŋuj˦˩]

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ŋuj˨˩]


nghiệt ngã

[ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ ŋaː˧˨]

[ŋiək̚˨˩˨ ŋaː˨˩˦]


khắt khe

[xat̚˧˦ xɛ˧˧]

[kʰak̚˦˧˥ kʰɛ˧˧]

[xak̚˦˧˥ xɛ˧˧]

[kʰak̚˦˥ kʰɛ˧˧]

[xak̚˦˥ xɛ˧˧]


khô khan

[kʰow˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰow˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧]

bài giảng khô khan

(by extension) bland; dull; uninteresting


lỏng lẻo

[lɔŋ˧˨ lɛw˧˨]

[lawŋ͡m˨˩˦ lɛw˨˩˦]


độc thân

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tʰən˧˧]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-độc thân.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨身, composed of 獨 (“lone”) and 身 (“body”).


thích đáng

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːŋ˧˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˥]


nhí

ca sĩ nhí

diễn viên nhí

(modifying words for occupations, usually humorous) infantile; childish


sở tại

[səː˧˩ taːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəː˧˨ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[səː˧˨ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ taːj˨˩˨]

[səː˨˩˦ taːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 所在, composed of 所 (“that which is...”) and 在 (“present”).

chính quyền sở tại


thần thánh

[tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神聖, composed of 神 (“god; divine”) and 聖 (“sage; saint; holy; sacred”).

Đế quốc La Mã/Rô-ma Thần thánh


khựa

Possibly from Mandarin 客 (kè, “guest”) (SV: khách), a dated exonym for ethnic Chinese in Vietnam. See khách and Hẹ.

(neologism, slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) Chinese


khứa

(archaic, Southern Vietnam) moderate; fair; average

(archaic, Southern Vietnam) a lot of; much; considerable


sa ngã

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]


đìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 池 (“pond”, SV: trì).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trì</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) numerous; over head and ears (in debt)


buồn nôn

[ʔɓuən˨˩ non˧˧]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ noŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ noŋ˧˧]


kén chọn

[kɛn˧˦ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˥ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


mắc cỡ

[mak̚˧˦ kəː˦ˀ˥]

[mak̚˦˧˥ kəː˧˨]

[mak̚˦˥ kəː˨˩˦]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) shy; bashful


goá bụa

[ɣwaː˧˦ ʔɓuə˧˨ʔ]

[ɣwaː˨˩˦ ʔɓuə˨˩ʔ]

[ɣwaː˦˥ ʔɓuə˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 寡婦 (“widow”, SV: quả phụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quả phụ</i>


rủng rỉnh

head

rủng rỉnh (‑a reduplication rủng ra rủng rỉnh)

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˩ zïŋ˧˩]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˨ ʐɨn˧˨]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ɹɨn˨˩˦]

clinking (with plenty of money); jingling of coins; abundant (usually of money)


hùng hùng hổ hổ

[hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ho˧˩ ho˧˩]

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˩ hʊwŋ͡m˦˩ how˧˨ how˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ how˨˩˦ how˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熊熊虎虎 (literally “bear-bear-tiger-tiger”); an AABB-type reduplication of hùng hổ.


sung túc

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

well-to-do; well-off; having abundant resources


gọn nhẹ

[ɣɔn˧˨ʔ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩ʔ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩˨ ɲɛ˨˩˨]


cồng kềnh

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəjŋ̟˨˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəːn˨˩]


hung dữ

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zɨ˦ˀ˥]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨ˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨ˨˩˦]


trắng trẻo

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˦ t͡ɕɛw˧˩]

[ʈaŋ˦˧˥ ʈɛw˧˨]

[ʈaŋ˦˥ ʈɛw˨˩˦]


lãng xẹt

[laːŋ˦ˀ˥ sɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˨ sɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ sɛk̚˨˩˨]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) Synonym of lãng nhách


lãng nhách

[laːŋ˦ˀ˥ ɲajk̟̚˧˦]

[laːŋ˧˨ ɲat̚˦˧˥]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ ɲat̚˦˥]

chuyện lãng nhách/xẹt

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) frivolous or ridiculous


dí dỏm

[jɪj˨˩˦ jɔm˧˨]

[jɪj˦˥ jɔm˨˩˦]


thân thiện

[tʰən˧˧ tʰiən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiəŋ˨˩˨]

thân thiện với môi trường


dở dở ương ương

dở dở ương ương

vi-adj

dở dở ương ương

[zəː˧˩ zəː˧˩ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[jəː˧˨ jəː˧˨ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[jəː˨˩˦ jəː˨˩˦ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Reduplication of dở (“unfinished”) + ương (“not yet ripe”).

in an intermediate or undetermined stage; in-between; (of a person) not very smart, but not entirely stupid either; half-witted


khẩn cấp

[xən˧˩ kəp̚˧˦]

[kʰəŋ˧˨ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[xəŋ˧˨ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰəŋ˨˩˦ kəp̚˦˥]

[xəŋ˨˩˦ kəp̚˦˥]

nút nhấn khẩn cấp


xa xưa

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]


thực dụng

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


thoải

head

thoải • (𢗷, 𫤓) (diminutive reduplication thoai thoải)

𢗷 (CJK)
𫤓 (CJK)
thoai thoải (diminutive reduplication)

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˦]


cô đơn

[ko˧˧ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[kow˧˧ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cô đơn.wav

Yêu xa khó lắm,
Yêu xa nhớ lắm,
Yêu xa cô đơn nhiều lắm;
Mong đến ngày gặp nhau,
Dẫu cách trở bao lâu.

2016, “Gửi Anh Xa Nhớ”, Tiên Cookie (music), performed by Bích Phương:

Far away... it's so difficult,
Far away... I miss you so,
Far away... I'm so lonely;
I'm longing for that day we reunite,
No matter how long, how far.


da diết

[zaː˧˧ ziət̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˧ jiək̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ jiək̚˦˥]

(literary, of emotion, feeling, etc.) tormenting; deep and persistent; passionate


ưu tú

[ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˦˥]


bất hợp pháp

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ həːp̚˧˨ʔ faːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ həːp̚˨˩ʔ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ həːp̚˨˩˨ faːp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不合法, composed of 不 (“not”) and 合法 (“legal”).


rộn rịp

[ʐoŋ˨˩ʔ ʐip̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹoŋ˨˩˨ ɹip̚˨˩˨]

1939: Ngô Tất Tố, Lều chõng
(Chapter 1) Gần nửa tháng rồi, trong làng Văn khoa, lúc nào cũng náo nức, rộn rịp như sắp kéo hội.
For nearly half a month, in the village of Văn khoa, it's have been full of excitement and bustle, as was about to start a festival.


bẹt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 癟 (SV: biết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biết</i>

vi-etym-sino

cá trê đầu bẹt


động trời

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

chuyện động trời


sũng

head

sũng • (𬉎) (diminutive reduplication sùng sũng)

𬉎 (CJK)
sùng sũng (diminutive reduplication)


xẹp lép

[sɛp̚˧˨ʔ lɛp̚˧˦]

[sɛp̚˨˩ʔ lɛp̚˦˧˥]

[sɛp̚˨˩˨ lɛp̚˦˥]

Bánh xe này xẹp lép.


hòa đồng

Traditional tone placement spelling of hoà đồng.


rụt rè

[zut̚˧˨ʔ zɛ˨˩]

[ʐʊk̚˨˩ʔ ʐɛ˦˩]

[ɹʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɹɛ˨˩]


nóng tính

[nawŋ͡m˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[nawŋ͡m˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[nɔŋ˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]


hấp tấp

hấp tấp (‑a reduplication hấp ta hấp tấp)

[həp̚˧˦ təp̚˧˦]

[həp̚˦˧˥ təp̚˦˧˥]

[həp̚˦˥ təp̚˦˥]


luộm thuộm

luộm thuộm (‑a reduplication luộm thà luộm thuộm or luộm thuộm là thà)

[luəm˧˨ʔ tʰuəm˧˨ʔ]

[luəm˨˩ʔ tʰuəm˨˩ʔ]

[luəm˨˩˨ tʰuəm˨˩˨]


thành thật

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ tʰət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ tʰək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰan˨˩ tʰək̚˨˩˨]


lạc quan

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˧˧]


thân mật

[tʰən˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨]


xấu bụng

[səw˧˦ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[səw˨˩˦ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[səw˦˥ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


khoan dung

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


lịch thiệp

[lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʰiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[lɨt̚˨˩ʔ tʰiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[lɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歷 (“to experience”) and 涉 (“to experience”).


trầm trọng

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəm˦˩ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəm˦˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəm˨˩ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

bị mất ngủ trầm trọng


hoạt ngôn

[hwaːt̚˧˨ʔ ŋon˧˧]

[hwaːk̚˨˩ʔ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[waːk̚˨˩˨ ŋoŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 活 (“lively; alive”) and 言 (“words”).


bất cẩn

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ kən˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ kəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ kəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不謹, composed of 不 (“not”) and 謹 (“cautious”).

sự bất cẩn


khoáng đạt

[xwaːŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]

[xwaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]


cởi mở

[kəːj˧˩ məː˧˩]

[kəːj˧˨ məː˧˨]

[kəːj˨˩˦ məː˨˩˦]

open; open-hearted; open-minded; friendly


bi quan

[ʔɓi˧˧ kwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悲觀, composed of 悲 (“sad; compassionate”) and 觀 (“outlook”), from Japanese 悲観 (hikan, literally “sad outlook”), reinterpreted from Buddhist Literary Chinese 悲觀 (bēiguān, literally “compassionate outlook”), mentioned in the Chinese version of the Lotus Sutra together with 慈觀／慈观 (từ quan, literally “benevolent outlook”). See also từ bi and Quan Thế Âm.


bướng bỉnh

[ʔɓɨəŋ˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓɨəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓɨn˧˨]

[ʔɓɨəŋ˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩˦]


nghiêm khắc

[ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˧˦]

[ŋiəm˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋim˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]


hăng hái

[haŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]


rộ

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *roʔ(roʔ) ~ *rooʔ (“to make an inarticulate noise”); cognate with Riang rɔʔ¹ (“noise”).


nhiệt tình

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熱情, composed of 熱 (“hot”) and 情 (“emotion”).

vi-etym-sino

Nhiệt tình cộng với dốt nát bằng đại phá hoại.

Eagerness plus idiocy equals wanton destruction. / A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.


cục cằn

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kaŋ˦˩]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ kaŋ˨˩]

irritable and rude; grumpy and uncouth; having a bad temper


tinh ý

[tïŋ˧˧ ʔi˧˦]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精 (“skilled; concentrated; smart”) and 意 (“mind”).

Nếu có chút kinh nghiệm về Facebook, cha mẹ sẽ có những lời khuyên hữu ích với các con, thậm chí chỉ cần tinh ý cha mẹ sẽ biết được con đang sa đà quá mức, có dấu hiệu trầm cảm vì nghiện “phây” để có biện pháp hỗ trợ kịp thời.

2018 February 9, Thanh Mai, “Cha mẹ hãy giỏi Facebook để định hướng cho con trẻ”, in Dân trí:

If parents already have a bit of experience with Facebook, then they can give good advices to their children (regarding Facebook use). Or, even by just being observant, parents can tell if their children have been using it too much or are showing signs of depression due to Facebook addiction, and intervene in time as a consequence.


ngỡ ngàng

[ŋəː˦ˀ˥ ŋaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋəː˧˨ ŋaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋəː˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩]

astonished; disconcerted; perplexed; amazed


láo xược

[laːw˧˦ sɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːw˨˩˦ sɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːw˦˥ sɨək̚˨˩˨]


khách quan

[kʰat̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[xat̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰat̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

[xat̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 客觀, composed of 客 (“guest”) and 觀 (“view”), Japanese 客観 (kyakkan, kakkan).

sự thật khách quan


quýnh

head

𨖩 - 𡕷, 瓊, 炯, 迥

vi-adj

𨖩 - 𡕷, 瓊, 炯, 迥

(by emotion) overcome; overwhelmed; beside oneself; deeply affected


cẩu thả

[kəw˧˩ tʰaː˧˩]

[kəw˧˨ tʰaː˧˨]

[kəw˨˩˦ tʰaː˨˩˦]


chu đáo

[t͡ɕu˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[cʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 周到, composed of 周 (“thorough”) and 到 (“thoughtful”).


chủ quan

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[cʊw˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 主觀, composed of 主 (“host”) and 觀 (“view”), Japanese 主観 (shukan).

Đừng có chủ quan.

(disapproving) arrogant; cocky; overconfident


ngôn tình

[ŋon˧˧ tïŋ˨˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˨˩]

truyện/tiểu thuyết ngôn tình

related to young adult romantic literature, especially works from modern Chinese writers


hợp lí

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]


xông xáo

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˧˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˦˥]


nhạt nhẽo

[ɲaːt̚˧˨ʔ ɲɛw˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɲɛw˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ɲɛw˨˩˦]

câu chuyện nhạt nhẽo


dè dặt

[zɛ˨˩ zat̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɛ˦˩ jak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɛ˨˩ jak̚˨˩˨]


kín đáo

[kin˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[kin˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[kɨn˦˥ ʔɗaːw˦˥]


đa đoan

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多端 (“varied”).


khôn ngoan

[kʰoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[xoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[xoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]


đắng lòng

[ʔɗaŋ˧˦ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥ lɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˥ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

bitter; unpleasant to accept; heartbreaking; painful


đa dạng

[ʔɗaː˧˧ zaːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多樣, composed of 多 (“multi-”) and 樣 (“form”).


độc quyền

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨 (“only”) and 權 (“right”).


vắng vẻ

head

永尾, 咏𠳿, 永/咏 + 󱱮

vắng vẻ • (永尾, 咏𠳿, 永/咏 + 󱱮)

vi-adj

永尾, 咏𠳿, 永/咏 + 󱱮

vắng vẻ • (永尾, 咏𠳿, 永/咏 + 󱱮)

[vaŋ˧˦ vɛ˧˩]

[vaŋ˦˧˥ vɛ˧˨]

[vaŋ˦˥ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jaŋ˦˥ jɛ˨˩˦]


phong phú

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

[fɔŋ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

Trong các bài hát của Trịnh Công Sơn, ông bắt đầu xưng “tôi”, rồi chuyển sang “anh", rồi “mình”, rồi “Sơn", rồi quay lại xưng “tôi”. Đó là sự phong phú vô nghĩa. Những chỗ cần phong phú thì ông rất phong phú, còn không thì không — thế mới có điểm nhấn.

2012, Joe Ruelle, “Rất nguy hiểm [Very Dangerous]”, in Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way]:

In his lyrics, Trịnh Công Sơn may start with “me,” then switch to “your man,” then to “your beloved,” then to “Sơn,” then back to “me.” It’s nothing more than meaningless variety. But he showed great variety wherever it required, otherwise as little as possible — that’s why his songs pack so much punch.


tự phụ

[tɨ˧˨ʔ fu˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ fʊw˨˩˨]


quả quyết

[waː˨˩˦ wiək̚˦˥]


lem nhem

head

lem nhem (‑a reduplication lem nha lem nhem or lem nhem la nha)

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]


đượm

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)

vi-adj

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)


nặc

Người hắn nặc mùi rượu.

reeking of; smelling strongly of; pervaded with


kiêu ngạo

[kiəw˧˧ ŋaːw˧˨ʔ]

[kiw˧˧ ŋaːw˨˩ʔ]

[kiw˧˧ ŋaːw˨˩˨]


chuẩn mực

[t͡ɕwən˧˩ mɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨ mɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦ mɨk̚˨˩˨]


trống không

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]


vô tận

[vo˧˧ tən˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ təŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ təŋ˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ təŋ˨˩˨]


sơ sinh

[səː˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 初生, composed of 初 (“first; earliest”) and 生 (“to birth; to live”).

vi-etym-sino

trẻ sơ sinh


sún

(of people, especially children who are developing permanent teeth) having lost some teeth


xứng đôi

[sɨŋ˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[sɨŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[sɨŋ˦˥ ʔɗoj˧˧]


hèn nhát

[hɛn˨˩ ɲaːt̚˧˦]

[hɛŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˦˧˥]

[hɛŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˦˥]


đa cảm

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˧˩]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˧˨]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˨˩˦]


thống khổ

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ xo˧˩]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰow˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xow˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰow˨˩˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ xow˨˩˦]

(literary) wretched; miserable; in agony; grievous


viễn thị

[viən˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˨ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠視, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) long-sighted; far-sighted; hypermetropic


ảm đạm

[ʔaːm˧˩ ʔɗaːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːm˧˨ ʔɗaːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːm˨˩˦ ʔɗaːm˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ảm đạm.wav


Mã Lai

[maː˦ˀ˥ laːj˧˧]

[maː˨˩˦ laːj˧˧]


thanh thản

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ tʰaːn˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ tʰaːŋ˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ tʰaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 清 (“pure; peaceful”) and 坦 (“calm”).

Nỗi đau đã cạn
Cơn mưa trong tim cũng đã tan
Anh bán đi mọi nỗi buồn
Để chẳng còn gì ngoài thanh thản

2023 October 2, Đăng Duy Tân (lyrics and music), “Cắt đôi nỗi sầu [Cut the sorrow in half]”:

The pain has gone
The rain in my heart also has stopped
I’ve sold all the sadness
Nothing’s left but peacefulness


cận thị

[kən˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近視, composed of 近 (“near”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) short-sighted; near-sighted; myopic


hiền hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of hiền hoà.


hiền hoà

[hiəŋ˦˩ hwaː˦˩]

[hiəŋ˨˩ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 賢 (“virtuous”) and 和 (“peaceful”).


thuận lợi

[tʰwən˧˨ʔ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ ləːj˨˩˨]


bá láp

[ʔɓaː˧˦ laːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ laːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ laːp̚˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) of the bollocks, bullshit


rợ

head

rợ • (𤞪, 𤞩, 𫯲, 助)

vi-adj

rợ • (𤞪, 𤞩, 𫯲, 助)

From Old Chinese 里 (OC *(mə.)rəʔ) (B-S) (SV: lí) or 俚.


huề

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 和 (SV: hoà).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoà</i>

vi-etym-sino

huề cả làng

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hoà (“resulting in a draw”)


độc nhất vô nhị

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ɲət̚˧˦ vo˧˧ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ɲək̚˦˧˥ vow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˦˥ vow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˦˥ jow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨一無二 (“no two exist, only one does”), from Chinese 獨一無二／独一无二 (dúyīwú'èr). Compare Japanese 唯一無二 (yuiitsu muni, duy nhất vô nhị).

cog

yuiitsu muni, <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">duy nhất</i> vô nhị


ba gai

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) quarrelsome


xỏ lá

[sɔ˧˩ laː˧˦]

[sɔ˧˨ laː˨˩˦]

[sɔ˨˩˦ laː˦˥]

[ɕɔ˨ˀ laː˧˨˦]


tầm phào

Hơi đâu lo ba cái chuyện tầm phào.

We don't have time to worry about something that silly.


trung gian

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

vật trung gian truyền bệnh

an animal that carries diseases onto humans

functioning as a bridge in the middle of a chain of exchange, communication, command, transaction, etc.


tàng hình

[taːŋ˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[taːŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[taːŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藏 (“to hide”) and 形 (“shape; form”).


thuỷ chung

[tʰwi˧˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 始終 (“from the beginning to the end”), but effectively simply a literary anagram of chung thuỷ (“maritally loyal”).

(literary) Synonym of chung thuỷ (“maritally faithful”)

Ta về, mình có nhớ ta
Ta về ta nhớ những hoa cùng người
Rừng xanh hoa chuối đỏ tươi
Ðèo cao nắng ánh dao gài thắt lưng.
Ngày xuân mơ nở trắng rừng
Nhớ người đan nón chuốt từng sợi giang
Ve kêu rừng phách đổ vàng
Nhớ cô em gái hái măng một mình
Rừng thu trăng rọi hoà bình
Nhớ ai tiếng hát ân tình thuỷ chung.

1954, Tố Hữu, “Việt Bắc”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

When I leave, will you miss me?
When I leave, I'll miss the flowers and the people.
The green woods, the crimson banana flowers,
The high passes, the sunlight sparkling on the knives hung onto belts.
Plum blossoms bloom in spring, whitening the whole woods.
I'll miss the hat winnower who's meticulous with every thread.
As the cicadas sing, the phach trees turn golden.
I'll miss the maiden who harvests bamboo shoots alone.
The moon shines over the autumnal woods in this time of peace.
I'll miss that someone with the ever so faithful endearing song.

(literary) affectionately faithful like a married couple


hoà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和. Doublet of hùa. Compare Thai ฮั้ว (húua).

(games, sports) tied; deadlocked; stalemated; at a draw


kẻng

(colloquial, usually of a man) smart; chic; swell


ăn ảnh

[ʔan˧˧ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔan˨˩˦]


cứng cổ

[kɨŋ˧˦ ko˧˩]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ kow˧˨]

[kɨŋ˦˥ kow˨˩˦]

(colloquial) obstinate; stubborn; stiff-necked


cứng đầu

[kɨŋ˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[kɨŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

Bột giặt mới có thể loại bỏ các vết bẩn cứng đầu trong chớp mắt.

This new detergent can demolish the most obstinate stains in the blink of an eye.

(colloquial) headstrong; stubborn; obstinate


thấp thoáng

head

thấp thoáng (‑a reduplication thấp tha thấp thoáng)

[tʰəp̚˧˦ tʰwaːŋ˧˦]

[tʰəp̚˦˧˥ tʰwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰəp̚˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]

be quickly appear; appear from time to time


đích tôn

[ʔɗïk̟̚˧˦ ton˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˧˥ toŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˥ toŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 嫡孫, composed of 嫡 (“legitimate”) and 孫 (“grandchild”)

vi-etym-sino

Nó là con gái, thằng em nó mới là cháu đích tôn.

She's a girl, it's her younger brother who is the "important grandchild".

being the eldest son (disregarding daughters) of the eldest son (disregarding daughters) of his paternal grandparents, therefore having more responsibility than his male siblings or cousins


mải

mải chơi

(disapproving) to be obsessed with fooling around; to be carefree

Mải nghe đoán số, Xuân Tóc Đỏ không trông thấy những người ấy.

1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 1, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:

Absorbed with hearing his fortune told, Red-Haired Xuân did not notice them.


vểnh

head

vểnh • (𦕟) (diminutive reduplication vênh vểnh)

𦕟 (CJK)
vênh vểnh (diminutive reduplication)


um tùm

[ʔʊm˧˧ tʊm˨˩]


đầy rẫy

[ʔɗəj˨˩ zəj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗəj˦˩ ʐəj˧˨]

[ʔɗəj˨˩ ɹəj˨˩˦]

đầy (“be all over, filled”) + rẫy (“mountain field”), literally "all over the field".


cam tâm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 甘心. See also cam lòng, calqued from the same compound.

Bây giờ thì nó cam tâm yên phận là một thằng nhặt bóng.

For now he was resigned and content being a ball boy.


bặm trợn

[ʔɓam˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓam˨˩ʔ ʈəːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓam˨˩˨ ʈəːŋ˨˩˨]


cáu kỉnh

[kaw˧˦ kïŋ˧˩]


mạt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 末.
Probably merged with the native word mạt derived from the earlier form mlạt (“tasteless, insipid”), whence also modern lạt, nhạt, attested in the compound hèn mlạt (> hèn mạt) in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). For the sound change, compare mác (from earlier mlác).


phi pháp

[fɪj˧˧ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[fɪj˧˧ faːp̚˦˥]

hành động phi pháp


nịnh đầm

[nïŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗəm˨˩]

[nɨn˨˩ʔ ʔɗəm˦˩]

[nɨn˨˩˨ ʔɗəm˨˩]

Dò mãi mới biết rằng tên của vợ ông là Văn, của ông là Minh thì ông đặt ngay là Văn Minh, tên vợ ở trên tên ông, tên ông đội dưới, cho nó có vẻ nịnh đầm.

After researching him for a long long time, they found out is wife's name was Văn, and his was Minh, out of which he had immediately made Văn Minh [Culture] — his wife's name before his own, his name after — to come over as gallant.


lặng lẽ

[laŋ˧˨ʔ lɛ˦ˀ˥]

[laŋ˨˩ʔ lɛ˧˨]

[laŋ˨˩˨ lɛ˨˩˦]


khả thi

[xaː˧˩ tʰi˧˧]

[kʰaː˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[xaː˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[kʰaː˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

[xaː˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 可 (“able to”) and 施 (“implement”).


trầm tư

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʈəm˦˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʈəm˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

Cái chương trình Âu hoá của ông ta làm cho ông ta lúc nào cũng phải trầm tư mặc tưởng.

His program of Europeanization required he be at all times absorbed in contemplation and meditation.


nhất thời

[ɲət̚˧˦ tʰəːj˨˩]

[ɲək̚˦˧˥ tʰəːj˦˩]

[ɲək̚˦˥ tʰəːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhất thời.wav

Tôi nhất thời hồ đồ.

I made a bad decision / lost my temper in the heat of the moment.

Dường như ngày tháng mình cùng với nhau,
Chỉ là yêu thương nhất thời.

2018, “Rain In Ho Chi Minh / 胡志明的雨 / Saigon Mưa Rơi”, Namewee, Kai Đinh (lyrics), performed by Namewee and Hồ Quang Hiếu:

It seems that our moments together were nothing but elated feelings.

(somewhat literary) temporary; transient


sống còn

[səwŋ͡m˧˦ kɔn˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kɔŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kɔŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥ kɔŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˥ kɔŋ˨˩]

vital (necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.)


một nách hai con

[mot̚˧˨ʔ najk̟̚˧˦ haːj˧˧ kɔn˧˧]

[mok̚˨˩ʔ nat̚˦˧˥ haːj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

[mok̚˨˩˨ nat̚˦˥ haːj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-một nách hai con.wav

(literal) having one armpit and two children

(figurative) having to single-handedly bring up two children


tàn phế

[taːŋ˦˩ fej˨˩˦]


phồn thực

[fon˨˩ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[foŋ˦˩ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[foŋ˨˩ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 繁殖 (“to reproduce; to breed”).
The sense of “buxom” is a misinterpretation of the Sino-Vietnamese etymology above, prompted by association with phôm phốp (“buxom”), phồng (“to swell”), etc. + thực (“truly”).
Compare cứu cánh, điểm yếu, bao biện, tiêu phí, khốn nạn, chuẩn đoán, công bằng, etc.

cơ thể phồn thực

(proscribed, somewhat literary) buxom; busty


tàn nhưng không phế

[taːn˨˩ ɲɨŋ˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ fe˧˦]

[taːŋ˦˩ ɲɨŋ˧˧ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ fej˨˩˦]

[taːŋ˦˩ ɲɨŋ˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ fej˨˩˦]

[taːŋ˨˩ ɲɨŋ˧˧ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ fej˦˥]

[taːŋ˨˩ ɲɨŋ˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ fej˦˥]

Extension of tàn phế (“crippled”). Compare Chinese 殘而不廢／残而不废 (tàn nhi bất phế).

(literary, especially of a war veteran) crippled, but not useless


tối thiểu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 最少, composed of 最 (“-est; most”) and 少 (“few”).


xanh lá cây

[sajŋ̟˧˧ laː˧˦ kəj˧˧]

[sɛɲ˧˧ laː˨˩˦ kəj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xanh lá cây.wav

xanh (“green or blue”) + lá cây (“leaf”).


giản thể

[jaːŋ˧˨ tʰej˧˨]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 簡體, from Chinese 簡體／简体 (jiǎntǐ).

chữ giản thể

(sinology, of Chinese characters) simplified


an nhàn

[ʔaːn˧˧ ɲaːn˨˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ɲaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ɲaːŋ˨˩]

(literary) peaceful and carefree; leisurely


yên ổn

[ʔiən˧˧ ʔon˧˩]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔoŋ˧˨]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔoŋ˨˩˦]


an nhiên

[ʔaːn˧˧ ɲiən˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

(literary) peaceful and leisurely; at ease and accepting


an lạc

[ʔaːn˧˧ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ laːk̚˨˩˨]


thật sự

[tʰət̚˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˨˩ʔ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰək̚˨˩˨ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[tʰək̚˨˩˨ sɨ˨˩˨]


phổng phao

[fəwŋ͡m˧˩ faːw˧˧]

[fəwŋ͡m˧˨ faːw˧˧]

[fəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ faːw˧˧]

(often said of children) having a healthy and robust stature


tròng trành

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˦˩ ʈɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈɔŋ˦˩ ʈɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈan˨˩]


nhũn

Đột nhiên hai chân nhũn ra, chống kiếm xuống đất.

2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Suddenly his legs gave way and he planted his sword in the ground to lean on.


trọng đại

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 重大, composed of 重 (“heavy”) and 大 (“grand”).

vi-etym-sino

Cưới hỏi là chuyện trọng đại. Phải chọn ngày cho kĩ.

Your wedding is the most important event of your life. You've got to take choosing the day seriously.

Hôm nay, ngày khai trương cửa hàng, là một ngày trọng đại.

Today, our opening day, is a very big day for us.


đào hoa

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˦˩ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ waː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 桃花 (“peach blossom; luck in love”).


te tua

[tɛ˧˧ tuə˧˧]

[tɛ˧˧ tuə˧˧]

[tɛ˧˧ tuə˧˧]


hiếu kì

tính hiếu kì


ngoại lai

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ laːj˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ laːj˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ laːj˧˧]


hếch

voọc mũi hếch

(usually of nose) be turned up, retroussé


dập dềnh

head

dập dềnh (‑a reduplication dập dà dập dềnh, AABB reduplication dập dập dềnh dềnh)

[zəp̚˧˨ʔ zəjŋ̟˨˩]

[jəp̚˨˩ʔ jen˦˩]

[jəp̚˨˩˨ jəːn˨˩]

bobbing (moving gently and vertically, in either a single motion or repeatedly up and down, at or near the surface of a body of water, or similar medium)


Latinh

[laː˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[laː˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

tiếng Latinh


gắt gỏng

[ɣat̚˧˦ ɣawŋ͡m˧˩]

[ɣak̚˦˧˥ ɣawŋ͡m˧˨]

[ɣak̚˦˧˥ ɣɔŋ˧˨]

[ɣak̚˦˥ ɣawŋ͡m˨˩˦]


bảnh bao

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˧˨ ʔɓaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓan˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˧˧]


béo bở

[ʔɓɛw˧˦ ʔɓəː˧˩]

[ʔɓɛw˨˩˦ ʔɓəː˧˨]

[ʔɓɛw˦˥ ʔɓəː˨˩˦]

một hợp đồng béo bở


xuôi

thuận buồm xuôi gió

smooth sailing (literally, “the sail is following the wind flow”)

miền xuôi và miền ngược

the lowlands and the highlands (literally, “the low regions to which you can easily go down, and the high regions to which you have to climb up against gravity”)

in the "usual", "expected" or "conforming" direction


lanh lợi

[lajŋ̟˧˧ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[lɛɲ˧˧ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[lan˧˧ ləːj˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 伶俐 (SV: linh lị), contaminated by lanh (“quick”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">linh lị</i>


mặn mà

[maŋ˨˩ʔ maː˦˩]

[maŋ˨˩˨ maː˨˩]

Ta với mình, mình với ta,
Lòng ta sau trước mặn mà đinh ninh.
Mình đi, mình lại nhớ mình.
Nguồn bao nhiêu nước nghĩa tình bấy nhiêu

翹(Kiều)強(càng)色(sắc)稍(sảo)漫(mặn)𣻕(mà)
搊(So)皮(bề)才(tài)色(sắc)吏(lại)󰑼(là)分(phần)欣(hơn)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)^(https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Truyện_Kiều_(bản_Liễu_Văn_Ðường_1866)), published 1866, lines 23–24:

Kiều, the eldest, was especially witty and charming.
 Her talents and beauty even surpassed her sister.


lởm chởm

head

lởm chởm (‑a reduplication lởm cha lởm chởm)

[ləːm˧˩ t͡ɕəːm˧˩]

[ləːm˧˨ t͡ɕəːm˧˨]

[ləːm˨˩˦ cəːm˨˩˦]


nẫu

From Tai. Compare Proto-Tai *nawᴮ, whence Thai เน่า (nâo), Zhuang naeuh.


phỏng

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of bỏng


lảng

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) hard of hearing due to old age


liên tục

[liən˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[liəŋ˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[liəŋ˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 連續, composed of 連 and 續.


trùng trục

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


Khơ-Me

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[kʰəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[kʰəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]


Khơ-me

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[kʰəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[kʰəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

[xəː˧˧ mɛ˧˧]

tiếng Khơ-me


rỗng tuếch

[zəwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ twəjk̟̚˧˦]

[ʐəwŋ͡m˧˨ twet̚˦˧˥]

[ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ t⁽ʷ⁾əːt̚˦˥]


kĩ thuật số

[ki˦ˀ˥ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ so˧˦]

[kɪj˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ ʂow˨˩˦]

[kɪj˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ sow˨˩˦]

[kɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ ʂow˦˥]

[kɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ sow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kĩ thuật số.wav


cần cù

[kəŋ˦˩ kʊw˦˩]

[kəŋ˨˩ kʊw˨˩]


tinh nghịch

[tïŋ˧˧ ŋïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˧˧ ŋɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˧˧ ŋɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精 (“shrewd”) and 逆 (“rebellious”).

Vẫn biết vào tuổi trẻ trung thì thường tinh nghịch như anh, nhưng mà phải xem người ta có ưng thuận thì hãy…

1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 3, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:

It is known that young people are often mischievous like you, but you should see whether people consent…


trắng hếu

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˦ hew˧˦]

[ʈaŋ˦˧˥ hew˨˩˦]

[ʈaŋ˦˥ hew˦˥]

The second element is probably of Tai origin, compare Zhuang hau (“white”).


lêu lổng

[lew˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˨˩˦]


lặt vặt

[lat̚˧˨ʔ vat̚˧˨ʔ]

[lak̚˨˩ʔ vak̚˨˩ʔ]

[lak̚˨˩˨ vak̚˨˩˨]

[lak̚˨˩˨ jak̚˨˩˨]

đồ lặt vặt

(of goods or affairs) insignificant, sundry


lâu la

[ləw˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ləw˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ləw˧˧ laː˧˧]


trôi chảy

[t͡ɕoj˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˩]

[ʈoj˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

trôi (“to float, to flow”) + chảy (“to flow”).

com

(in operations) smooth; without a hitch; like clockwork


gồ ghề

head

gồ ghề (‑a reduplication gồ gà gồ ghề, AABB reduplication gồ gồ ghề ghề)

[ɣow˦˩ ɣej˦˩]

[ɣow˨˩ ɣej˨˩]


âm thầm

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰəm˨˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰəm˦˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰəm˨˩]


kì lạ

[ki˨˩ laː˧˨ʔ]

[kɪj˦˩ laː˨˩ʔ]

[kɪj˨˩ laː˨˩˨]

Bà con đừng trông mong gì họ tin vào những chuyện kỳ lạ hay bí ẩn, đơn giản là vì họ chẳng hơi đâu bận tâm đến mấy trò vớ vẩn đó.

2017, J. K. Rowling, chapter 1, in Lý Lan, transl., Harry Potter Và Hòn Đá Phù Thủy [Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone], 29 edition, volume 1, Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà xuất bản Trẻ, →ISBN, →OCLC:

They were the last people you'd expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn't hold with such nonsense.


say rượu

[ʂaj˧˧ ʐɨəw˨˩ʔ]

[saj˧˧ ʐɨəw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂa(ː)j˧˧ ɹɨəw˨˩˨]

[sa(ː)j˧˧ ɹɨəw˨˩˨]


buồn khổ

[ʔɓuən˨˩ xo˧˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ kʰow˧˨]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ xow˧˨]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ kʰow˨˩˦]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ xow˨˩˦]


bất ổn

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ʔon˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ʔoŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ʔoŋ˨˩˦]


khét

Cognate with Chut [Mày] kahɛt³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).


quý báu

[kwɪj˨˩˦ ʔɓaw˨˩˦]

[wɪj˦˥ ʔɓa(ː)w˦˥]


toáng

(colloquial) loud; noisy; kicking up a fuss


bên cạnh

[ʔɓen˧˧ kajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˧˧ kɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˧˧ kan˨˩˨]


quen thuộc

[kwɛn˧˧ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwɛŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[wɛŋ˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


lạ mắt

[laː˧˨ʔ mat̚˧˦]

[laː˨˩ʔ mak̚˦˧˥]

[laː˨˩˨ mak̚˦˥]


độc đáo

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaːw˦˥]


thắm thiết

[tʰam˧˦ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[tʰam˦˧˥ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰam˦˥ tʰiək̚˦˥]


mặn nồng

[man˧˨ʔ nəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maŋ˨˩ʔ nəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maŋ˨˩˨ nəwŋ͡m˨˩]


tươm tất

[tɨəm˧˧ tət̚˧˦]

[tɨəm˧˧ tək̚˦˧˥]

[tɨəm˧˧ tək̚˦˥]


đằm thắm

[ʔɗam˨˩ tʰam˧˦]

[ʔɗam˦˩ tʰam˦˧˥]

[ʔɗam˨˩ tʰam˦˥]


thắm

𧺀, 𧺁, 審, 𣠒, 嘇, 𧹱, 󰂟

vi-adj

𧺀, 𧺁, 審, 𣠒, 嘇, 𧹱, 󰂟

𧺀 (CJK)
𧺁 (CJK)
審 (CJK)
𣠒 (CJK)
嘇 (CJK)
𧹱 (CJK)

(of colour, especially the colour red) dark; carmine; gorgeous


keo sơn

[kɛw˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[kɛw˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[kɛw˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[kɛw˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[kɛw˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

Tình bạn keo sơn một thời nay đã cáo chung, báo hiệu một thời kỳ chông gai phía trước.

The once strong relationship of us has now ended, showing a stage of difficulty ahead.

(figurative) filled with strong bonds; intimate


giật gân

[zət̚˧˨ʔ ɣən˧˧]

[jək̚˨˩ʔ ɣəŋ˧˧]

[jək̚˨˩˨ ɣəŋ˧˧]

(colloquial, of news, events, etc.) exciting; thrilling; sensational


mênh mông

[məjŋ̟˧˧ məwŋ͡m˧˧]

[məːn˧˧ məwŋ͡m˧˧]


thừ

feeling faint with exhaustion; dumbed with sadness; nonplussed; stupefied


nhẹ nhõm

[ɲɛ˧˨ʔ ɲɔm˦ˀ˥]

[ɲɛ˨˩ʔ ɲɔm˧˨]

[ɲɛ˨˩˨ ɲɔm˨˩˦]


bất tận

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ tən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ təŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ təŋ˨˩˨]

Cánh đồng bất tận

♀: Em yêu anh, ngả nghiêng, bồng bềnh niềm kiêu hãnh.
Thiên đường xanh mướt, gió trong lành
Cuốn vào đời anh là em bất tận.
Vô tình chúng ta thuộc về nhau, ngàn kiếp sau.

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

♀: I love you, with drifting, floating pride.
A green paradise, with refreshing winds
That carry all of my infinite self into your life.
By the hands of fate, we belong together, for all lives after this.

unfathomably vast, almost seemingly infinite


trót

From Middle Vietnamese [script needed] (blót).


thanh thoát

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ tʰwaːt̚˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ tʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰan˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

(of shape, contour, etc.) delicate; elegant; pretty

(of mind, etc.) free and easy; relaxed; at liberty


đối xứng

[ʔɗoj˧˦ sɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ sɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對稱, composed of 對 and 稱.

vi-etym-sino

trục đối xứng


ngoại tiếp

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ tiəp̚˧˦]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ tip̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外接, composed of 外 (“out-; ex-”) and 接 (“to touch”)


rẻ tiền

[zɛ˧˩ tiən˨˩]

[ʐɛ˧˨ tiəŋ˦˩]

[ɹɛ˨˩˦ tiəŋ˨˩]


sến

overly romantic; old-fashionedly romantic; cheesy, sappy


hoá sinh

[hwaː˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[hwaː˨˩˦ ʂɨn˧˧]

[hwaː˨˩˦ sɨn˧˧]

[waː˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[waː˦˥ sɨn˧˧]


xấu hoắc

[səw˨˩˦ hwak̚˦˧˥]

Một người đàn ông chăm sóc cho em rất là kĩ, yêu em rất là nhiều, chiều em rất là tốt, nhưng đôi mắt "xấu hoắc", thì sao?

2016, 3:15 from the start, in Bạn Muốn Hẹn Hò, episode 209:

A man who takes good care of you, loves you very much, pampers you... yet he has a very ugly pair of eyes. What do you think?

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) very ugly


cao độ

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高度 (“height; altitude”)

lòng hận thù cao độ

(formal, of a feeling or sentiment) profound


thành niên

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ niən˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ niəŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˨˩ niəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 成年 (“to come of age”).

chưa/vị thành niên

(law, of a person) 18 years old or older


vị thành niên

[vi˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ niən˧˧]

[vɪj˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ niəŋ˧˧]

[vɪj˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ niəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ niəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 未成年, composed of 未 (“not yet”) and 成年 (“to come of age”).

(informal) minor (not of the age of majority)


biếc

head

biếc • (碧) (diminutive reduplication biêng biếc)

碧 (CJK)
biêng biếc (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 碧 (SV: bích).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bích</i>

vi-etym-sino

mắt biếc


Ả Rập

[ʔaː˧˩ ɹəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaː˧˩ zəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaː˧˨ ɹəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ ɹəp̚˨˩˨]

người Ả rập

tiếng Ả Rập

Các Tiểu Vương quốc Ả Rập Thống nhất


gò bó

[ɣɔ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˧˦]

[ɣɔ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩˦]

[ɣɔ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˦˥]

restrained; (of writing style) affected; unnatural


hụt hẫng

[hut̚˧˨ʔ həŋ˦ˀ˥]

[hʊk̚˨˩ʔ həŋ˧˨]

[hʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ həŋ˨˩˦]

Hụt hẫng...
Gạt nước mắt nhớ ngày buồn nhất...

2018, “Chạm đáy nỗi đau”, Mr. Siro (music), performed by Erik:

So down...
In the lake of tears I drown...

feeling like a part of oneself is missing (especially in relationships); feeling empty (due to the sudden loss of someone/something)


nhũ danh

[ɲu˦ˀ˥ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ɲʊw˧˨ jɛɲ˧˧]

[ɲʊw˨˩˦ jan˧˧]


tự động

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


mau chóng

[maw˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[maw˧˧ t͡ɕɔŋ˦˧˥]


hiểm ác

[hiəm˧˩ ʔaːk̚˧˦]

[hiəm˧˨ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[him˨˩˦ ʔaːk̚˦˥]


nguyên chất

[ŋwiən˧˧ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ cək̚˦˥]


dở dang

[zəː˧˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[jəː˧˨ jaːŋ˧˧]

[jəː˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˧]


nguy hại

[ŋwi˧˧ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwɪj˧˧ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwɪj˧˧ haːj˨˩˨]


cao ráo

[kaːw˧˧ ʐaːw˨˩˦]

[kaːw˧˧ ɹaːw˦˥]


hiếu thuận

[hiəw˧˦ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[hiw˨˩˦ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hiw˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


thiếu vắng

[tʰiəw˧˦ vaŋ˧˦]

[tʰiw˨˩˦ vaŋ˦˧˥]

missing (something); regretting the absence of


chật vật

[t͡ɕət̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕək̚˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[cək̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨]

[cək̚˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

ch- reduplication of vật (“to wrestle”), with semantic influence from chật (“tight, narrow”).

strenuous; arduous; toilsome; laborious; strugglesome (especially of life itself)


nịch

(in compounds) (firm) as iron; dead certain


đồng điệu

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 同調, composed of 同 (“same”) and 調 (“tune”).

những tâm hồn đồng điệu

on the same wavelength
on the same wavelength#English

on the same page
on the same page#English

like-minded, in sync, on the same wavelength or on the same page


chắc nịch

[t͡ɕak̚˧˦ nïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕak̚˦˧˥ nɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[cak̚˦˥ nɨt̚˨˩˨]

(of muscle, etc.) firm; strong; thickset

(of attitude) firm; dead certain; (of argument) well-founded


bê-đê

[ʔɓe˧˧ ʔɗe˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔɗej˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔɗej˧˧]


trầy trật

[t͡ɕəj˨˩ t͡ɕət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəj˦˩ ʈək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəj˨˩ ʈək̚˨˩˨]

taking much effort and going through many difficulties


ngẩn

head

ngẩn • (謹, 𣂷, 僅, 菫, 慬, 𢥢, 󱩠, 艮, 哏, 恨, 銀, 痕, 𢣩, 󱡬, 坦)

vi-adj

謹 (CJK)
𣂷 (CJK)
僅 (CJK)
菫 (CJK)
慬 (CJK)
𢥢 (CJK)
艮 (CJK)
哏 (CJK)
恨 (CJK)
銀 (CJK)
痕 (CJK)
𢣩 (CJK)
坦 (CJK)


hạn hẹp

[haːn˧˨ʔ hɛp̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˨˩ʔ hɛp̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˨˩˨ hɛp̚˨˩˨]


đứng tuổi

[ʔɗɨŋ˧˦ tuəj˧˩]

[ʔɗɨŋ˦˧˥ tuj˧˨]

[ʔɗɨŋ˦˥ tuj˨˩˦]


tân hôn

[təŋ˧˧ hoŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ hoŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 新婚, composed of 新 (“new”) and 婚 (“marriage”).

vi-etym-sino

cầu nguyện cho đôi tân hôn


trong trẻo

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕɛw˧˩]

[ʈawŋ͡m˧˧ ʈɛw˧˨]

[ʈɔŋ˧˧ ʈɛw˧˨]

[ʈawŋ͡m˧˧ ʈɛw˨˩˦]


gần gụi

[ɣən˨˩ ɣuj˧˨ʔ]

[ɣəŋ˦˩ ɣuj˨˩ʔ]

[ɣəŋ˨˩ ɣuj˨˩˨]

A variant of gần gũi, probably originated from a North Central dialect where ngã (C2) and nặng (B2) tones merged.

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of gần gũi


thân thiết

[tʰən˧˧ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˥]


đồng lòng

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


hài hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of hài hoà.


liêm chính

[liəm˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[liəm˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

(rare) incorruptible; honest and upright


cạnh khoé

[kajŋ̟˧˨ʔ xwɛ˧˦]

[kɛɲ˨˩ʔ kʰwɛ˨˩˦]

[kɛɲ˨˩ʔ xwɛ˨˩˦]

[kan˨˩˨ kʰwɛ˦˥]

(of way of speaking) oblique; hinting; alluding; insinuating


trong sạch

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧ sajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɔŋ˧˧ sat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂat̚˨˩˨]

[ʈawŋ͡m˧˧ sat̚˨˩˨]

(of water, air, etc.) clear; pure (generally speaking)

(figurative, often of a person) honest; upright


lịch lãm

[lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ laːm˦ˀ˥]

[lɨt̚˨˩ʔ laːm˧˨]

[lɨt̚˨˩˨ laːm˨˩˦]


thuần chất

[tʰwən˨˩ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[tʰwəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩ cək̚˦˥]


thực thụ

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˨]

true (i.e. not just nominal); real; full (professor, etc.)


cận đại

[kən˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近代, composed of 近 (“near”) and 代 (“age; period”).

"pre-modern" (roughly from the late 16th century to 1917)


tốc

[təwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


bác học

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


lãng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 浪 (“wave”). Compare nhãng.

(in compounds) drifting; wandering; all over the place; careless

(Southern Vietnam) ridiculous; nonsensical

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of lảng (“hard of hearing due to old age”)


trung đại

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨]

tiếng Việt trung đại


Á Đông

Literary derivation of Đông Á (“East Asia”), probably to conform to Vietnamese word order.

[ʔaː˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

nét đẹp Á Đông

(literary) Synonym of Đông Á (“East Asian”), which the Vietnamese culturally identify themselves as


thoả đáng

[tʰwaː˧˩ ʔɗaːŋ˧˦]

[tʰwaː˧˨ ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦ ʔɗaːŋ˦˥]


yếu đuối

[ʔiəw˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[ʔiw˨˩˦ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[ʔiw˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]


tự ti

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ti˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ tɪj˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˨ tɪj˧˧]

feeling inferior; lacking confidence; self-abased


sững sờ

[sɨŋ˦ˀ˥ səː˨˩]

[ʂɨŋ˧˨ ʂəː˦˩]

[sɨŋ˧˨ səː˦˩]

[ʂɨŋ˨˩˦ ʂəː˨˩]

[sɨŋ˨˩˦ səː˨˩]


đơn thuần

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ tʰwən˨˩]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ tʰwəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩]


mơn mởn

[məːn˧˧ məːn˧˩]

[məːŋ˧˧ məːŋ˧˨]

[məːŋ˧˧ məːŋ˨˩˦]


thấu đáo

[tʰəw˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[tʰəw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰəw˦˥ ʔɗaːw˦˥]


sững

head

sững • (𨄉, 産, 𨄷, 爽) (diminutive reduplication sừng sững)

𨄉 (CJK)
産 (CJK)
𨄷 (CJK)
爽 (CJK)
sừng sững (diminutive reduplication)


bộp chộp

bộp chộp • (𠶙𢴊) (‑a reduplication bộp chà bộp chộp)

[ʔɓop̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕop̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓop̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕop̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓop̚˨˩˨ cop̚˨˩˨]

b- reduplication of chộp (“to grab”). Similar to "grabby".


vững vàng

[vɨŋ˦ˀ˥ vaːŋ˨˩]

[vɨŋ˧˨ vaːŋ˦˩]

[vɨŋ˨˩˦ vaːŋ˨˩]

[jɨŋ˨˩˦ jaːŋ˨˩]

浪(Rằng)𢆥(Năm)󰞸(Gia)靖(Tĩnh)朝(triều)明(Minh)
𦊚(Bốn)方(phương)𪹚(phẳng)𣼽(lặng)𠄩(hai)京(kinh)凭(vững)鐄(vàng)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)^(https://vi.wikisource.org/wiki/Truyện_Kiều_(bản_Liễu_Văn_Ðường_1866)), published 1866, lines 9–10:

It was during the Chia-Ching’s rule of the Ming dynasty.
 The two capitals were stable; peace reigned in the country.

firm; steady; resilient; unyielding (in the face of difficulties)


ngần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 銀 (“silver”, SV: ngân).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngân</i>

vi-etym-sino

惜(Tiếc)台(thay)𥪞(trong)價(giá)𤽸(trắng)銀(ngần)
典(Đến)風(phong)塵(trần)拱(cũng)風(phong)塵(trần)如(như)唉(ai)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, lines 1191-1192:

What a pity for such a girl, purer than snow, and whiter than silver!
Here she was now, in this dusty and windy world, undergoing the same misfortunes of life as those which had fallen upon others.

(in compounds) silvery white; very white


đau lòng

[ʔɗaw˧˧ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗaw˧˧ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗaw˧˧ lɔŋ˦˩]

hurt emotionally; anguished; heartbreaking


cổ xưa

[ko˧˩ sɨə˧˧]

[kow˧˨ sɨə˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ sɨə˧˧]


vô vọng

[vow˧˧ vɔŋ˨˩ʔ]


thấu

(understanding, knowing) thorough; complete

understanding; knowing; understanding; knowing

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, in the negative) able (to)


hoàn chỉnh

[hwaːn˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˩]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩ cɨn˨˩˦]


liên tiếp

[liəŋ˧˧ tiəp̚˦˧˥]

[liəŋ˧˧ tip̚˦˥]


nhuyễn

(of food) kneaded or mashed into a fine mass


mịt

head

󱯱, 𬯹, 滅, 𣋻, 櫗, 䁾, 𩆪, 𫉼, 󱥑, 󰊳, 󱔚

vi-adj

󱯱, 𬯹, 滅, 𣋻, 櫗, 䁾, 𩆪, 𫉼, 󱥑, 󰊳, 󱔚

𬯹 (CJK)
滅 (CJK)
𣋻 (CJK)
櫗 (CJK)
䁾 (CJK)
𩆪 (CJK)
𫉼 (CJK)

(completely dark and) unable to see anything; gloomy; sombre; uncertain


đi đứng chạy nhảy

[ʔɗi˧˧ ʔɗɨŋ˧˦ t͡ɕaj˧˨ʔ ɲaj˧˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɗɨŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕaj˨˩ʔ ɲaj˧˨]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔɗɨŋ˦˥ ca(ː)j˨˩˨ ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦]

đi (“to walk, to go”) + đứng (“to stand”) + chạy (“to run”) + nhảy (“to jump”).

com

(colloquial) of one's body movement (generally speaking)


Hẹ

From Chinese 客, compare the Yue dialects spoken in Guancheng, Guangdong hɛ²²⁴, in Pumen, Xindu, Guangxi hɛ³⁵, in Wutong, Lingui, Guangxi hɛʔ⁵⁵.

người Hẹ

tiếng Hẹ


Tiều

người Tiều

tiếng Tiều

cháo Tiều


sõi

Cả làng em nói ngọng, mỗi mình em nói sõi.

My whole village speaks unintelligibly; I alone speak intelligibly.

(of non-native speakers) fluent; clear and fluent


Mễ

(Overseas Vietnamese or obsolete) Mexican


bù xù

[ʔɓu˨˩ su˨˩]

[ʔɓʊw˦˩ sʊw˦˩]

[ʔɓʊw˨˩ sʊw˨˩]


đáng giá

[ʔɗaːŋ˧˦ zaː˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˥ jaː˦˥]


hành chính

[hajŋ̟˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[hɛɲ˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行政, composed of 行 (“to go; to proceed”) and 政 (“governance”).


miệt mài

[miət̚˧˨ʔ maːj˨˩]

[miək̚˨˩ʔ maːj˦˩]

[miək̚˨˩˨ maːj˨˩]

utterly absorbed (in something); engrossed (in)


quốc doanh

[kuək̚˦˧˥ jwɛɲ˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ j⁽ʷ⁾an˧˧]


minh bạch

[mïŋ˧˧ ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɨn˧˧ ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɨn˧˧ ʔɓat̚˨˩˨]


đặc thù

[ʔɗak̚˧˨ʔ tʰu˨˩]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˦˩]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩]


gián thu

[jaːŋ˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

[jaːŋ˦˥ tʰʊw˧˧]


sáng giá

[saːŋ˧˦ zaː˧˦]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ jaː˦˥]

[saːŋ˦˥ jaː˦˥]


công khai

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ xaːj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kʰaːj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ xaːj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ kʰaːj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ xaːj˧˧]


hiển nhiên

[hiən˧˩ ɲiən˧˧]

[hiəŋ˧˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[hiəŋ˨˩˦ ɲiəŋ˧˧]


phủ định

[fu˧˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[fʊw˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 否定, from Japanese 否定 (hitei).

thể phủ định


tổng thể

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ tʰe˧˩]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ tʰej˧˨]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ tʰej˨˩˦]


xỉn

(colloquial, Southern Vietnam) drunk; blitzed


chó má

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ maː˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ maː˨˩˦]

[cɔ˦˥ maː˦˥]

From chó (“dog”) + má; the second syllable is from the Tai word for "dog" (compare Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”), whence Thai หมา (mǎa)), and underwent assimilation in tone to the first.

thằng chó má

son of a bitch (literally, “cur”) (When addressing or mentioning a male person)

con chó má

bitch (When addressing or mentioning a female person)


đần độn

[ʔɗən˨˩ ʔɗon˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəŋ˦˩ ʔɗoŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəŋ˨˩ ʔɗoŋ˨˩˨]

Although sounding like a từ láy formation from đần (“retarded”), the morpheme độn (from Chinese 鈍／钝 (dùn, “dull; dimwitted”); also compare English sharp) is also found in other words such as trì độn (“retarded; mentally challenged”) or ngu độn (“moronic”).

ngu si đần độn

Cái thằng đần độn này!

You're so not the sharpest tool in the shed!


cứng rắn

[kɨŋ˧˦ zan˧˦]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ ʐaŋ˦˧˥]

[kɨŋ˦˥ ɹaŋ˦˥]

(figurative) strict; tough; harsh; severe


tương đồng

[tɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

similar (in certain aspects); resembling each other


thô ráp

[tʰo˧˧ zaːp̚˧˦]

[tʰow˧˧ ʐaːp̚˦˧˥]

[tʰow˧˧ ɹaːp̚˦˥]


thơm tho

[tʰəːm˧˧ tʰɔ˧˧]

[tʰəːm˧˧ tʰɔ˧˧]

[tʰəːm˧˧ tʰɔ˧˧]

From thơm (“fragrant”) + tho (the name of a fragrant plant in Southern Vietnam).

com

fragrant; sweet-smelling (generally speaking)


đàn hồi

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ hoj˨˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ hoj˦˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ hoj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈回 (“to rebound”).


bé bỏng

[ʔɓɛ˧˦ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˩]

[ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˨]

[ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ ʔɓɔŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓɛ˦˥ ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩˦]

little and tender; small; young (generally speaking)


nhỏ bé

[ɲɔ˧˩ ʔɓɛ˧˦]

[ɲɔ˧˨ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦]

[ɲɔ˨˩˦ ʔɓɛ˦˥]

small; tiny (often used of something abstract)


rồng bay phụng múa

[zəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaj˧˧ fʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ muə˧˦]

[ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaj˧˧ fʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ muə˨˩˦]

[ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓa(ː)j˧˧ fʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ muə˦˥]

Calque of Chinese 龍飛鳳舞／龙飞凤舞 (long phi phụng vũ).

calque

(idiomatic, of calligraphy) lively and vigorous


mập mờ

[məp̚˧˨ʔ məː˨˩]

[məp̚˨˩ʔ məː˦˩]

[məp̚˨˩˨ məː˨˩]


sôi sục

[ʂoj˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂoj˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


tiêu biểu

[tiəw˧˧ ʔɓiəw˧˩]

[tiw˧˧ ʔɓiw˨˩˦]

nhân viên tiêu biểu tháng


Chiêm

Short for Chiêm Thành (“Champa”); Sino-Vietnamese word from 占.

(of rice harvest) fifth lunar month; summer


buồn phiền

[ʔɓuən˨˩ fiən˨˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ fiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ fiəŋ˨˩]

buồn + phiền, composed of the non-Sino-Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese readings of 煩, respectively.


lâm râm

[ləm˧˧ zəm˧˧]

[ləm˧˧ ʐəm˧˧]

[ləm˧˧ ɹəm˧˧]


ấm ức

[ʔəm˧˦ ʔɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔəm˦˧˥ ʔɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔəm˦˥ ʔɨk̚˦˥]


ướt át

[ʔɨət̚˧˦ ʔaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɨək̚˦˥ ʔaːk̚˦˥]


xanh lè

[sajŋ̟˧˧ lɛ˨˩]

[sɛɲ˧˧ lɛ˦˩]

From xanh (“grue”) + lè; the second element here is probably the same as in chua lè (“very sour”), cay lè (“very spicy”).


bằng phẳng

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ faŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓaŋ˦˩ faŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ faŋ˨˩˦]


e lệ

[ʔɛ˧˧ le˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɛ˧˧ lej˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɛ˧˧ lej˨˩˨]

e (“to fear”) + lệ (“(archaic) to worry and fear”).


bợm bãi

[ʔɓəːm˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓəːm˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːj˧˨]

[ʔɓəːm˨˩˨ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦]

bợm (“cunning; swindler”) + bãi (“(archaic) deceiver”).


bợm

head

乏, 姂, 𠇖, 𠍥, 𪥻, 𫱑

vi-adj

乏, 姂, 𠇖, 𠍥, 𪥻, 𫱑

乏 (CJK)
姂 (CJK)
𠇖 (CJK)
𠍥 (CJK)
𪥻 (CJK)
𫱑 (CJK)

(colloquial) sly; cunning; artful; smart; skilful


buồn bực

[ʔɓuən˨˩ ʔɓɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ ʔɓɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ ʔɓɨk̚˨˩˨]


liên miên

[liəŋ˧˧ miəŋ˧˧]

[liəŋ˧˧ miəŋ˧˧]


gớm ghiếc

[ɣəːm˧˦ ɣiək̚˧˦]

[ɣəːm˦˧˥ ɣiək̚˦˧˥]

[ɣəːm˦˥ ɣiək̚˦˥]

gớm (“loathsome; disgusting”) + ghiếc (“(archaic) feeling nauseous”).


lớt phớt

[ləːt̚˧˦ fəːt̚˧˦]

[ləːk̚˦˧˥ fəːk̚˦˧˥]

[ləːk̚˦˥ fəːk̚˦˥]


trọng thương

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]


bất tỉnh

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ tɨn˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese, clipping of bất tỉnh nhân sự, but also analyzable as bất- (“un-”) + tỉnh (“conscious”).


thường vụ

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ vu˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ vʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ vʊw˨˩˨]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ jʊw˨˩˨]


thưa thớt

[tʰɨə˧˧ tʰəːt̚˧˦]

[tʰɨə˧˧ tʰəːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨə˧˧ tʰəːk̚˦˥]


nhỏ lẻ

[ɲɔ˨˩˦ lɛ˨˩˦]


dân sự

[zən˧˧ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[jəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩˨]


hình sự

[hïŋ˨˩ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[hɨn˨˩ sɨ˨˩˨]

(humorous, of the look on a face) dead serious


đích đáng

[ʔɗïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 的當, composed of 的 and 當.


hợp pháp

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ faːp̚˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ faːp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 合法, composed of 合 (“in accordance with”) and 法 (“the law”).

chủ sở hữu hợp pháp


tỉ mỉ

[tɪj˧˨ mɪj˧˨]

[tɪj˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 細密 (SV: tế mật).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tế mật</i>


tường minh

[tɨəŋ˨˩ mïŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˦˩ mɨn˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詳明, composed of 詳 and 明.


hỗn loạn

[hoŋ˧˨ lwaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hoŋ˨˩˦ l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]


tuỳ tiện

[twɪj˦˩ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩ tiəŋ˨˩˨]


tươi cười

[tɨəj˧˧ kɨəj˨˩]

[tɨj˧˧ kɨj˦˩]

[tɨj˧˧ kɨj˨˩]


gian dối

[jaːŋ˧˧ joj˨˩˦]


cao sang

[kaːw˧˧ saːŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ saːŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ saːŋ˧˧]


gian lao

[jaːŋ˧˧ laːw˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˧ laːw˧˧]


hổi

head

hổi • (𤍃) (diminutive reduplication hôi hổi)

𤍃 (CJK)
hôi hổi (diminutive reduplication)


tự chủ

[tɨ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ cʊw˨˩˦]


khiếm khuyết

[kʰiəm˦˧˥ kʰwiək̚˦˧˥]

[xiəm˦˧˥ xwiək̚˦˧˥]


đối diện

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對面, composed of 對 (“opposite”) and 面 (“face”).

vi-etym-sino

nhà đối diện

đứng đối diện

on the opposite side; at somewhere facing


trân trọng

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


thịnh hành

[tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɨn˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰɨn˨˩˨ han˨˩]


cao to

[kaːw˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

From cao + to; compare Chinese 高大 (cao đại).


cao phú soái

[kaːw˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦ ʂwaːj˨˩˦]

[kaːw˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦ swaːj˨˩˦]

[kaːw˧˧ fʊw˦˥ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˦˥]

[kaːw˧˧ fʊw˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾aːj˦˥]

(neologism, slang, of a man) tall, rich and good-looking


thịnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盛; this is the Northern form. Doublet of thạnh, the Southern form.
The Southern form has been mostly displaced by the Northern form as a morpheme, but persists in placenames, such as of Bình Thạnh or the communes Nhơn Thạnh and Thạnh Phước in Bến Tre.


thuần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 順 (SV: thuận). Doublet of thuận.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thuận</i>

vi-etym-sino

having become familiar or accustomed; experienced (in doing something)


hiu quạnh

[hiw˧˧ kwɛɲ˨˩ʔ]


bồn chồn

[ʔɓon˨˩ t͡ɕon˨˩]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˩ t͡ɕoŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓoŋ˨˩ coŋ˨˩]


Kinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 京 (“capital”). Doublet of kinh.
Originally used by lowlanders to distinguish themselves from those from the highlands, whom they dubbed người Trại (“outpost people”) or người Mường (“mountain villagers”).
Muong speakers (or at least, speakers of Mường Bi) call Vietnamese Chỡ (literally “market”), also referring to their capital Kẻ Chợ.

người Kinh

dân tộc Kinh


lụp xụp

head

lụp xụp (‑a reduplication lụp xà lụp xụp)

[lup̚˧˨ʔ sup̚˧˨ʔ]

[lup̚˨˩ʔ sup̚˨˩ʔ]

[lʊp̚˨˩˨ sʊp̚˨˩˨]


thiếu hụt

[tʰiəw˧˦ hut̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiw˨˩˦ hʊk̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiw˦˥ hʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]


bất lợi

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ləːj˨˩˨]


ngắn hạn

[ŋan˧˦ haːn˧˨ʔ]

[ŋaŋ˦˧˥ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋaŋ˦˥ haːŋ˨˩˨]


bản xứ

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ sɨ˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ sɨ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ sɨ˦˥]

Near-synonym: bản địa (biologically, geographically or demographically native)

nationally, culturally or linguistically native


vồn vã

[voŋ˦˩ vaː˧˨]

[voŋ˨˩ vaː˨˩˦]

[joŋ˨˩ jaː˨˩˦]

-a reduplication (C tone) of vồn.
The root vồn has rather unclear semantics, however, it transparently follows the same pattern of reduplication as hối hả, ồn ã, vội vã, etc.


ù tai

[ʔu˨˩ taːj˧˧]

[ʔʊw˦˩ taːj˧˧]

[ʔʊw˨˩ taːj˧˧]


thiếu máu

From thiếu (“deficient”) + máu (“blood”). Compare Chinese 貧血／贫血 (bần huyết, literally “deficient in blood”).


hoa mắt

From hoa (“flower; blurred”) + mắt (“eye”). Compare Chinese 眼花 (nhãn hoa).


hợp thức

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

in accordance with regulations; valid; legal; proper


thường niên

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ niən˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ niəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ niəŋ˧˧]


hú vía

[hʊw˨˩˦ viə˨˩˦]

[hʊw˦˥ viə˦˥]

[hʊw˦˥ jiə˦˥]

hú (“to howl to call upon or summon”) + vía (“spirit”).

af

bị một phen hú vía


tối giản

[toj˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˨]

[toj˦˥ jaːŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tối giản.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 最簡, composed of 最 (“most”) and 簡 (“simple”), from Chinese 最簡分數／最简分数 (tối giản phân số, “irreducible fraction”)

der

tối giản <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phân số</i>


hai lúa

[haːj˧˧ luə˨˩˦]

(Southern Vietnam, derogatory) rustic; naïve


nhà quê

→ French: niakoué

[ɲaː˨˩ kwe˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ wej˧˧]


trí tử

[t͡ɕi˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ tɨ˧˨]

[ʈɪj˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]

(of a strike or blow) guaranteed to cause death; fatal


thặng dư

[tʰaŋ˧˨ʔ zɨ˧˧]

[tʰaŋ˨˩ʔ jɨ˧˧]

[tʰaŋ˨˩˨ jɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩餘. The only common word that uses the reading thặng for Middle Chinese 剩 (zyingᴴ). The more common reading for Middle Chinese 剩 (ʑɨŋᴴ) is thừa, which does not retain the final consonant.

giá trị thặng dư


Mác-xít

[maːk̚˦˧˥ sit̚˦˧˥]

[maːk̚˦˥ sɨt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Mác-xít.wav

Friedrich Engels (1967) [1882] “Engels an Eduard Bernstein in Zürich – London, 2./3.Nov. 82”, in Marx-Engels-Werke, volume 35; English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 46, 1992; Vietnamese translation from C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập, volume 35, 1998
Đúng, cái gọi là ‘chủ nghĩa Mác’ ở nước Pháp thuộc loại hoàn toàn đặc biệt, loại mà có lần Mác đã nói với La-phác-gơ: ‘Một điều rõ ràng là bản thân tôi không phải là người [M]ác-xít’.
Now what is known as ‘Marxism’ in France is, indeed, an altogether peculiar product — so much so that Marx once said to Lafargue: 'Ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste [If anything is certain, it is that I myself am not a Marxist].'


phát-xít

Tên trùm phát-xít lý giải rằng, để phòng ngừa một cuộc xâm lược tiềm tàng của Liên Xô chống lại châu Âu, thì Đức cần phải tấn công vào lãnh thổ Liên Xô.

'2021, Quốc Khánh, “Tại sao Liên Xô từng là mối lo sợ đối với trùm phát-xít Hitler (Why did the Soviet Union irk and scare Hitler the fascist Führer?)”, Báo Quân Đội Nhân Dân (People's Army Newspaper)

The fascist Führer quibbled that: to prevent a potential invasion by the Soviet Union against Europe, Germany must invade Soviet territory.


bất đắc dĩ

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ʔɗak̚˧˦ zi˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˦˧˥ jɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˦˥ jɪj˨˩˦]

(of a situation or circumstance) desperate and leaving no other choices

người hùng bất đắc dĩ

(of a person) forced to do something due to having no other choices


uỷ mị

[ʔwi˧˩ mi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔwɪj˧˨ mɪj˨˩ʔ]

[(ʔ)wɪj˨˩˦ mɪj˨˩˨]


Pháp thuộc

[faːp̚˧˦ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[faːp̚˦˥ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 法屬 (“dependent on France”)

vi-etym-sino

thời Pháp thuộc

(historical, chiefly of a period of time) when Vietnam was colonized by France


Bắc thuộc

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北屬, composed of 北 (“north; Chinese”) and 屬 (“to be subjugated by”).

thời Bắc thuộc

(historical, chiefly of a period of time) when the ethnic Vietnamese were colonized by the Chinese


lành tính

[lajŋ̟˨˩ tïŋ˧˦]

[lɛɲ˦˩ tɨn˦˧˥]

From lành (“docile”), based on ác tính (“malignant”). Compare Chinese 良性 (lương tính).
Despite similar shape, lành and lương are not etymologically related. In this case however, there was enough contamination that lành (< 令 (MC ljengH)) ended up displace 良 (MC ljang) in 良性 (lương tính).


nhỏ nhắn

[ɲɔ˧˩ ɲan˧˦]

[ɲɔ˧˨ ɲaŋ˦˧˥]

[ɲɔ˨˩˦ ɲaŋ˦˥]


độc nhất

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ɲət̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ɲək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-độc nhất.wav


nhỏ nhặt

[ɲɔ˧˩ ɲat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɔ˧˨ ɲak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɔ˨˩˦ ɲak̚˨˩˨]


vụn vặt

[vʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ vak̚˨˩˨]

[jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jak̚˨˩˨]


tầm thường

[təm˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[təm˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[təm˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

commonplace; mediocre; trivial; ordinary


đối nghịch

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ŋïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ŋɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ŋɨt̚˨˩˨]


đê tiện

[ʔɗe˧˧ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗej˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗej˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

(derogatory) lowly and pathetic; having no class; horrendously depraved


quái

Cái quái gì vậy?

Sao có chuyện quái thế?

(informal) strange; odd; weird; bizarre, freakish

nghịch quái

to play mischievously, to get into mischief


bạt thiệp

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˨ʔ tʰiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ tʰiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ tʰip̚˨˩˨]


bặt thiệp

[ʔɓat̚˧˨ʔ tʰiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˨˩ʔ tʰiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˨˩˨ tʰip̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 跋涉 (SV: bạt thiệp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bạt thiệp</i>

vi-etym-sino

(literary) charismatic with one's interpersonal social skills; courteous; well-mannered; engaging; urbane; sociable


qua loa

[waː˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]


xa lạ

[saː˧˧ laː˧˨ʔ]

[saː˧˧ laː˨˩ʔ]

[saː˧˧ laː˨˩˨]


thẳm

head

thẳm • (深, 審, 瀋) (diminutive reduplication thăm thẳm)

深 (CJK)
審 (CJK)
瀋 (CJK)
thăm thẳm (diminutive reduplication)

From Tai. Compare Proto-Tai *cramꟲ (“cave”), whence Thai ถ้ำ (tâm), Lao ຖ້ຳ (tham).

vực thẳm


sến sẩm

[ʂen˦˧˥ ʂəm˧˨]

[ʂəːn˦˥ ʂəm˨˩˦]

[səːn˦˥ səm˨˩˦]


mỏi mệt

[mɔj˧˩ met̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɔj˧˨ met̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɔj˨˩˦ məːt̚˨˩˨]


chung chung

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˧˧ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


hú hoạ

[hʊw˨˩˦ hwaː˨˩ʔ]

[hʊw˦˥ waː˨˩˨]


tương xứng

[tɨəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˧˦]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˥]


ruột thịt

[zuət̚˧˨ʔ tʰit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ tʰit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨt̚˨˩˨]

by birth; by the same parents; flesh-and-blood


vô hạn

[vow˧˧ haːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ haːŋ˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ haːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無限, composed of 無 (“no”) and 限 (“limit”).


hết mình

[het̚˧˦ mïŋ˨˩]

[het̚˦˧˥ mɨn˦˩]

[həːt̚˦˥ mɨn˨˩]

cố gắng hết mình


điển hình

[ʔɗiən˧˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˨ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦ hɨn˨˩]


chuyên môn

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ moŋ˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ moŋ˧˧]

Thằng này chuyên môn phá hoại.

Mày chuyên môn luôn đó !

(literally, “You're always doing this bad thing, you know that?”)

(colloquial, derogatory) highly prone to; highly inclined to


linh tinh

head

linh tinh (‑a reduplication linh ta linh tinh)

[lïŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[lɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[lɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

mua đồ linh tinh

Công việc của tôi rất linh tinh.

1941–1944, Nam Cao, Cái mặt không chơi được:

miscellaneous; without overarching theme or guiding principle

đi linh tinh khắp nơi

Trước đó, thủy-quân nghe tin quân giặc còn xa, không hề phòng-bị chi hết, thuyền bè mỗi chiếc mỗi nơi, linh-tinh khắp bãi sông.

1945 [1804], Ngô Tất Tố, transl., Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí, translation of 皇黎一統志 (in Chinese):

Before that, the navy had heard that the enemy was still far away, which is why they took no precautions at all; their boats were scattered haphazardly all over on the riverbank.

2024, Yên Châu, “Giới trẻ đô thị: Cả tháng nấu ăn 1 lần, coi chừng sinh bệnh vì ăn linh tinh”, in Tuổi trẻ online:

Cooking once a month, be careful of diseases caused by eating whatever you come across

without thought or regard for consequences

nói lời linh tinh

Mà thằng này đĩ sớm, chắc là do nó no cơm ấm cật nên dậm dật một số chỗ linh tinh, bọn bạn cùng lớp tán thế.

2015, Trần Thanh Cảnh, “Ngay trong đêm”, in Kỳ nhân làng Ngọc, NXB Trẻ:

But he started whoring early; it's probably because he didn't lack a thing that he took his craving to you-know-what-kind-of places; his classmates appreciatingly said so.


hớn hở

[həːn˧˦ həː˧˩]

[həːŋ˦˧˥ həː˧˨]

[həːŋ˦˥ həː˨˩˦]


rục

[zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


nhảm nhí

[ɲaːm˧˩ ɲi˧˦]

[ɲaːm˧˨ ɲɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːm˨˩˦ ɲɪj˦˥]


nguỵ

Clipping of nguỵ quyền (“puppet government”, literally “fake regime”) and nguỵ binh ~ nguỵ quân (“puppet army”); as the Republic of Vietnam was considered and denounced as "fake", illegal, illegitimate, and a puppet of the US imperialists by Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam.

clipping

(historical, derogatory) pertaining to the Republic of Vietnam's government, its agencies, and institutions, such as its army


huyết mạch

[hwiək̚˦˧˥ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[wiək̚˦˥ mat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 血脈 (“blood vessel”).

vi-etym-sino

(of a road) crucial because it helps connect places and ensures fluid traffic between important areas, economy-wise or military-wise


ngụy

Hồ Chí Minh (2011) [1969] “Thư Chúc Mừng Năm Mới”, in Hồ Chí Minh – Toàn Tập, volume 15, pages 531 - 533; English translation from "President Hồ Chí Minh's New Year Message" (Spring 1969), quoted in Leighton Thomas (2021 August 19) “The Inmates of Hanoi’s Hoa Lo Prison.”, in Leighton Travels
Vì độc lập, vì tự do
Đánh cho Mỹ cút, đánh cho ngụy nhào
For independence, for freedom.
Let’s fight so the Yanks quit and the puppets topple.

Traditional tone placement spelling of nguỵ.


hoang tưởng

[hwaːŋ˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[hwaːŋ˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]


toàn tâm toàn ý

[twaːŋ˦˩ təm˧˧ twaːŋ˦˩ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ təm˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ ʔɪj˦˥]

(idiomatic) with all of one's heart; completely dedicated


lạ lẫm

[laː˧˨ʔ ləm˦ˀ˥]

[laː˨˩ʔ ləm˧˨]

[laː˨˩˨ ləm˨˩˦]


lỡ làng

[ləː˦ˀ˥ laːŋ˨˩]

[ləː˧˨ laːŋ˦˩]

[ləː˨˩˦ laːŋ˨˩]


cực khổ

[kɨk̚˧˨ʔ xo˧˩]

[kɨk̚˨˩ʔ kʰow˧˨]

[kɨk̚˨˩ʔ xow˧˨]

[kɨk̚˨˩˨ kʰow˨˩˦]

[kɨk̚˨˩˨ xow˨˩˦]


nhỡ nhàng

[ɲəː˦ˀ˥ ɲaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲəː˧˨ ɲaːŋ˦˩]

[ɲəː˨˩˦ ɲaːŋ˨˩]

(colloquial) Synonym of lỡ làng (often of something not as important)


vặt vãnh

[vat̚˧˨ʔ vajŋ̟˦ˀ˥]

[vak̚˨˩ʔ vɛɲ˧˨]


tế nhị

[te˧˦ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[tej˨˩˦ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tej˦˥ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

(of a person) tactful, especially in dealing with delicate matters

(of matters/affairs) delicate due to the potential for embarrassment or animosity


thân quen

[tʰən˧˧ kwɛn˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ kwɛŋ˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ wɛŋ˧˧]


hoang mang

[hwaːŋ˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

puzzled; confused; unsettled; irresolute


bức bối

[ʔɓɨk̚˧˦ ʔɓoj˧˦]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓoj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˥ ʔɓoj˦˥]


hoan hỉ

[hwaːŋ˧˧ hɪj˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ hɪj˨˩˦]


chán nản

[t͡ɕaːn˧˦ naːn˧˩]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˧˥ naːŋ˧˨]

[caːŋ˦˥ naːŋ˨˩˦]


lạc hậu

[laːk̚˧˨ʔ həw˧˨ʔ]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ həw˨˩ʔ]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ həw˨˩˨]


trì trệ

[t͡ɕi˨˩ t͡ɕe˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɪj˦˩ ʈej˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɪj˨˩ ʈej˨˩˨]


rườm rà

[zɨəm˨˩ zaː˨˩]

[ʐɨəm˦˩ ʐaː˦˩]

[ɹɨəm˨˩ ɹaː˨˩]


riêng rẽ

[ziəŋ˧˧ zɛ˦ˀ˥]

[ʐiəŋ˧˧ ʐɛ˧˨]

[ɹiəŋ˧˧ ɹɛ˨˩˦]


rời rạc

[zəːj˨˩ zaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəːj˦˩ ʐaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəːj˨˩ ɹaːk̚˨˩˨]


nhã nhặn

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ɲan˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˧˨ ɲaŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ɲaŋ˨˩˨]

well-mannered; courteous; civil; pleasant


vĩ mô

kinh tế học vĩ mô
macroeconomics

macroscopic (visible to the unassisted eye)


đơn lẻ

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ lɛ˧˩]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ lɛ˧˨]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ lɛ˨˩˦]


bình chân

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ t͡ɕən˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ cəŋ˧˧]


tân tiến

[təŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

[təŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˦˥]


chủ đạo

[t͡ɕu˧˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]


cấp thiết

[kəp̚˧˦ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[kəp̚˦˧˥ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[kəp̚˦˥ tʰiək̚˦˥]


vi mô

kinh tế học vi mô
microeconomics


yên lòng

[ʔiən˧˧ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ lɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


ngang ngược

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ŋɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ŋɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋaːŋ˧˧ ŋɨək̚˨˩˨]

perverse; defiant; unruly; obstinate; recalcitrant


chuyên sâu

[t͡ɕwiən˧˧ səw˧˧]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ ʂəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ səw˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ʂəw˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ səw˧˧]

(of research, study, etc.) intensive; in-depth; thorough


đơn chiếc

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ t͡ɕiək̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ciək̚˦˥]

(of a family) of small size; short of manpower


yếu kém

[ʔiəw˧˦ kɛm˧˦]

[ʔiw˨˩˦ kɛm˦˧˥]

[ʔiw˦˥ kɛm˦˥]


riêng lẻ

[ziəŋ˧˧ lɛ˧˩]

[ʐiəŋ˧˧ lɛ˧˨]

[ɹiəŋ˧˧ lɛ˨˩˦]


đạm bạc

[ʔɗaːm˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩˨ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 淡薄, composed of 淡 (“mild”) and 薄 (“weak; meager”), sometimes written as 淡泊.

(figurative, of life) humble; modest; frugal


tờ mờ

[təː˨˩ məː˨˩]

[təː˦˩ məː˦˩]

[təː˨˩ məː˨˩]

t- reduplication of mờ (“dim, blurred”).

in the early morning when it's still dark


nặng lòng

[naŋ˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[naŋ˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[naŋ˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˦˩]

[naŋ˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


lập dị

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ zi˧˨ʔ]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ jɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ jɪj˨˩˨]


tường tận

[tɨəŋ˨˩ tən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˦˩ təŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ təŋ˨˩˨]


thực lòng

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


không mời mà đến

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ məːj˨˩ maː˨˩ ʔɗen˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ məːj˦˩ maː˦˩ ʔɗen˦˧˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ məːj˦˩ maː˦˩ ʔɗen˦˧˥]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ məːj˨˩ maː˨˩ ʔɗəːn˦˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˧ məːj˨˩ maː˨˩ ʔɗəːn˦˥]

Compare Chinese 不請自來／不请自来 (bất thỉnh tự lai).

khách không mời mà đến

(of a guest) univited but turning up anyway

(of someone of something unpleasant) very unwelcome but keep turning up anyway


đồng môn

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ mon˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ moŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ moŋ˧˧]

(archaic) studying under the same teacher or in the same school


đỏ hỏn

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ hɔn˧˩]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ hɔŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ hɔŋ˨˩˦]

pink-red (like the skin of a newborn baby)


trọi

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of trụi


xù xì

[sʊw˦˩ sɪj˦˩]

[sʊw˨˩ sɪj˨˩]


sắc nhọn

[sak̚˧˦ ɲɔn˧˨ʔ]

[ʂak̚˦˧˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sak̚˦˧˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂak̚˦˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩˨]

[sak̚˦˥ ɲɔŋ˨˩˨]


thơm ngát

[tʰəːm˧˧ ŋaːt̚˧˦]

[tʰəːm˧˧ ŋaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəːm˧˧ ŋaːk̚˦˥]


đủ đầy

[ʔɗu˧˩ ʔɗəj˨˩]

[ʔɗʊw˧˨ ʔɗəj˦˩]

[ʔɗʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗəj˨˩]


trần trụi

[t͡ɕən˨˩ t͡ɕuj˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəŋ˦˩ ʈuj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəŋ˨˩ ʈuj˨˩˨]


sâu thẳm

[ʂəw˧˧ tʰam˧˨]

[ʂəw˧˧ tʰam˨˩˦]

[səw˧˧ tʰam˨˩˦]


ngắn ngủi

[ŋan˧˦ ŋuj˧˩]

[ŋaŋ˦˧˥ ŋuj˧˨]

[ŋaŋ˦˥ ŋuj˨˩˦]


thật lòng

[tʰət̚˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[tʰək̚˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[tʰək̚˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˦˩]

[tʰək̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

From thật (“true; real”) + lòng (“heart”).


cần mẫn

[kən˨˩ mən˦ˀ˥]

[kəŋ˦˩ məŋ˧˨]

[kəŋ˨˩ məŋ˨˩˦]

industrious and clever; diligent; assiduous


ngùi

head

ngùi • (嵬, 㟴, 𠿯, 𢢯) (diminutive reduplication ngùi ngùi)

嵬 (CJK)
㟴 (CJK)
𠿯 (CJK)
𢢯 (CJK)
ngùi ngùi (diminutive reduplication)

(rare) sad (to the point of tears); melancholy


lộng lẫy

[ləwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ ləj˦ˀ˥]

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ləj˧˨]

[ləwŋ͡m˨˩˨ ləj˨˩˦]

splendid; magnificent; gorgeous; stunning


ngát

歹, 𠯪, 󱦢, 吃, 咯, 兀, 𠮾, 𠿸

ngát • (歹, 𠯪, 󱦢, 吃, 咯, 兀, 𠮾, 𠿸) (diminutive reduplication ngan ngát)

vi-adj

歹, 𠯪, 󱦢, 吃, 咯, 兀, 𠮾, 𠿸

歹 (CJK)
𠯪 (CJK)
吃 (CJK)
咯 (CJK)
兀 (CJK)
𠮾 (CJK)
𠿸 (CJK)
ngan ngát (diminutive reduplication)

(of colour) nice and fresh, spreading out widely


chân thực

[t͡ɕən˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[cəŋ˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]


điên rồ

[ʔɗiən˧˧ zo˨˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʐow˦˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ɹow˨˩]


tít tắp

[tit̚˦˧˥ tap̚˦˧˥]

[tɨt̚˦˥ tap̚˦˥]


hời hợt

[həːj˨˩ həːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[həːj˦˩ həːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[həːj˨˩ həːk̚˨˩˨]


thịnh soạn

[tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ swaːn˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩ʔ ʂwaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩ʔ swaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨn˨˩˨ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]

[tʰɨn˨˩˨ s⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨]


chân thật

[t͡ɕən˧˧ tʰət̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ tʰək̚˨˩ʔ]

[cəŋ˧˧ tʰək̚˨˩˨]


vững chãi

[vɨŋ˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕaːj˦ˀ˥]

[vɨŋ˧˨ t͡ɕaːj˧˨]

[vɨŋ˨˩˦ caːj˨˩˦]

[jɨŋ˨˩˦ caːj˨˩˦]