trại giam

[t͡ɕaːj˧˨ʔ zaːm˧˧]

[ʈaːj˨˩ʔ jaːm˧˧]

[ʈaːj˨˩˨ jaːm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寨監, composed of 寨 and 監.


hải phận

[haːj˧˩ fən˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˧˨ fəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˨˩˦ fəŋ˨˩˨]


nhà tù

[ɲaː˨˩ tu˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʊw˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʊw˨˩]


Lão Tử

[laːw˦ˀ˥ tɨ˧˩]

[laːw˧˨ tɨ˧˨]

[laːw˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˦]

2013, Lê Thị Liệu, Học Thuyết Vô Vi Của Lão Tử và Vấn Đề Giáo Dục Ý Thức Bảo Vệ Môi Trường Nước Ta Hiện Nay (Laozi's Wuwei Doctrine and The Issue of Teaching Awareness to Protect the Environment in Our Country Nowadays), Summarized Master's Thesis (pdf)

Laozi is a major philosopher with the Wuwei doctrine. He was the founder of the Philosophical School of Taoism, one of the three major philosophical schools in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Lão Tử là nhà triết học lớn với học thuyết Vô Vi. Ông là người sáng lập trường phái triết học Đạo gia, một trong ba trường phái triết học lớn thời Xuân Thu.


lãnh hải

[lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ haːj˧˩]

[lɛɲ˧˨ haːj˧˨]


lạm dụng

[laːm˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[laːm˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[laːm˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lạm dụng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 濫用, composed of 濫 (“excessively”) and 用 (“use”).

Có nhiều người lạm dùng từ đồng nghĩa trong bài viết. Chúng ta la còn người, có trí khôn, phải viết câu cho mềm mại, chứ đừng lạm dùng từ đồng nghĩa như thể mình là từ điển nha!

There are so many of you who overused synonyms in your writing. We're all humans with brains, we should be writing smooth sentences, rather than abusing synonyms as if we were thesauri!

to overuse or to abuse (to use improperly)

lạm dụng tình dục


lạm dụng tình dục

[laːm˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːm˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːm˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lạm dụng tình dục.wav

lạm dụng (濫用, “to abuse”) + tình dục (情慾, “sex”), calque of English sexual abuse.
Superficially Sino-Vietnamese word from 濫用情慾.


tiểu đường

[tiəw˧˩ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[tiw˧˨ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[tiw˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

tiểu (“to urinate”) + đường (“sugar”), perhaps calque of Chinese 糖尿病 (tángniàobìng, literally “sugary urine disease”).


Ki-tô giáo

Ki-tô (“Christ”) + -giáo (“religion”). Compare Mandarin 基督教 (Jīdūjiào, Cơ Đốc giáo, literally “Christ's religion”), Japanese キリスト教 (Kirisuto-kyō, spelt with ateji as 基督教 (Kirisuto-kyō)).

cog

Jīdūjiào, <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Cơ Đốc giáo</i>

spelt with ateji as <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">基督教</i> (Kirisuto-kyō)

Meronyms: Chính thống giáo, Công giáo, đạo Tin Lành, Thiên Chúa giáo


ruột non

[zuət̚˧˨ʔ nɔn˧˧]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ nɔŋ˧˧]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ nɔŋ˧˧]

From ruột (“intestine”) + non (“young and immature”), so called due to its smoothness.


sóng thần

[sawŋ͡m˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[ʂawŋ͡m˦˧˥ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[sɔŋ˦˧˥ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʂawŋ͡m˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

[sawŋ͡m˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]


phát thanh

[faːt̚˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發聲, composed of 發 (“emit”) and 聲 (“sound”).


phát thanh

[faːt̚˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

phát thanh từ Hà Nội


biện chứng

[ʔɓiən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˨ cɨŋ˦˥]

Friedrich Engels (1962) [1885] “Vorworte zu den drei Auflagen – II [Prefaces to the Three Editions – II]”, in Anti-Dühring (Marx-Engels-Werke), volume 20; English translation from 1987 Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 25; Vietnamese translation from 1994 C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn Tập, volume 20
Song muốn có một quan niệm vừa biện chứng vừa duy vật về tự nhiên thì người ta phải biết toán học và khoa học tự nhiên.
But a knowledge of mathematics and natural science is essential to a conception of nature which is dialectical and at the same time materialist.

(philosophy, chiefly Marxism) dialectical


quan hệ tình dục

[kwaːn˧˧ he˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-quan hệ tình dục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 關係情慾, composed of 關係 (“relations”) and 情慾 (“lust”).


quan hệ tình dục

[kwaːn˧˧ he˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ hej˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


phương tiện

[fɨəŋ˧˧ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

phương tiện giao thông

phương tiện thông tin đại chúng

a thing that aids people to do something; an instrument, means, vehicle or medium


cày

cái (classifier)
𦓿 (CJK)
掑 (CJK)
其 (CJK)
𫀵 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *gal (“to plough; a plough”), from Proto-Chamic (compare Eastern Cham ꨤꨋꩊ (langal), ꨤꨪꨋꩊ (lingal, “plough”)) (Ferlus) or from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lngal ~ *ŋgal (“plough”) (Shorto).
Cognate with Muong cằl, Khmer នង្គ័ល (nĕəngkŏəl), លាង្គល (liəngkɔɔl), អង្គ័ល (ʼɑɑʼɑngkŏəl, “plough”), Mon လ္ၚူ (təŋò), အၚဝ် (əŋò, “yoke; pair”), Malay tenggala (“plough”), as well as Sanskrit लाङ्गल (lāṅgala, “plough-shaped beam or timber”), लाङ्गूल (lāṅgūla, “tail; penis”). Compare linga.

cog

Mon လ္ၚူ (təŋò)


cày

Mon လ္ၚူ (təŋò)


bứt

From Proto-Vietic *pəc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *pic ~ *piic ~ *piəc ~ *pəc. Cognates include Muong Bi pếch, Arem pɪc, Chut [Rục] pic⁷, Sora pɨɟ-.
Related to bắt, phứt, phắt.


hối hận

[hoj˨˩˦ həŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hoj˦˥ həŋ˨˩˨]

Nói dại, nếu chẳng may ba bị làm sao đó thì hối hận không kịp.

If anything bad ever happens to dad, regretting then will be too late.

to regret; to feel remorse; to be remorseful


tẻo tèo teo

[tɛw˧˩ tɛw˨˩ tɛw˧˧]

[tɛw˧˨ tɛw˦˩ tɛw˧˧]

[tɛw˨˩˦ tɛw˨˩ tɛw˧˧]

Extended from tẻo teo (“teeny-tiny”), in turn from teo (“to shrink; to become small”).

(colloquial, more emphatic) Synonym of tẻo teo (“tiny; diminutive; teeny-tiny”)


xám

head

xám • (監, 藍) (diminutive reduplication xam xám)

監 (CJK)
藍 (CJK)
xam xám (diminutive reduplication)


bút chì bấm

[ʔɓut̚˧˦ t͡ɕi˨˩ ʔɓəm˧˦]

[ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɪj˦˩ ʔɓəm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥ cɪj˨˩ ʔɓəm˦˥]

bút chì (“pencil”) + bấm (“to press; to push”).


trách nhiệm

[t͡ɕajk̟̚˧˦ ɲiəm˧˨ʔ]

[ʈat̚˦˧˥ ɲiəm˨˩ʔ]

[ʈat̚˦˥ ɲim˨˩˨]

chịu trách nhiệm (cho)

to be (held) responsible/accountable (for)

trách nhiệm hữu hạn


hiệu quả

[hiw˨˩˨ waː˨˩˦]


hiệu quả

[hiw˨˩˨ waː˨˩˦]


văn bản

[van˧˧ ʔɓaːn˧˩]

[vaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˧˨]

[vaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]

[jaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦]


ngoài ra

[ŋwaːj˨˩ zaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˦˩ ʐaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ ɹaː˧˧]


kịp thời

[kip̚˧˨ʔ tʰəːj˨˩]

[kip̚˨˩ʔ tʰəːj˦˩]

[kip̚˨˩˨ tʰəːj˨˩]

kịp + thời; compare Chinese 及時／及时 (cập thời).


tiếp sức

[tiəp̚˧˦ sɨk̚˧˦]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tip̚˦˥ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

[tip̚˦˥ sɨk̚˦˥]


ngã tư

[ŋaː˦ˀ˥ tɨ˧˧]

[ŋaː˧˨ tɨ˧˧]

[ŋaː˨˩˦ tɨ˧˧]


tổng đài

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩]


tiêu đề

[tiəw˧˧ ʔɗe˨˩]


vòng tròn

[vawŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕɔn˨˩]

[vawŋ͡m˦˩ ʈɔŋ˦˩]

[vɔŋ˦˩ ʈɔŋ˦˩]

[vawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩]

[jawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vòng tròn.wav


kích thước

[kïk̟̚˧˦ tʰɨək̚˧˦]

[kɨt̚˦˧˥ tʰɨək̚˦˧˥]

[kɨt̚˦˥ tʰɨək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-kích thước.wav


bà tám

[ʔɓaː˨˩ taːm˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ taːm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ taːm˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bà tám.wav

Calque of Cantonese 八婆 (baat3 po4, “meddling woman”, literally “eight elderly women”), from bà (“elderly woman”) + tám (“eight”). See also tám (“to gossip”).

calque

a very talkative woman; chatterbox; gossip


mặt phẳng

[mat̚˧˨ʔ faŋ˧˩]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ faŋ˧˨]

[mak̚˨˩˨ faŋ˨˩˦]


đơn độc

[ʔɗəːn˧˧ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


đào tạo

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ taːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˦˩ taːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ taːw˨˩˨]


đại diện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 代 (“to substitute”) and 面 (“face”).


đại diện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ziən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]


trồng trọt

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈɔk̚˨˩˨]

From trồng (“to plant”) + trọt (“(archaic) to plant”).

com

to plant; to cultivate (generally speaking)


hạt giống

[haːt̚˧˨ʔ zəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[haːk̚˨˩ʔ jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[haːk̚˨˩˨ jəwŋ͡m˦˥]

hạt (“small particle”) + giống (“cultivar”). Also a semantic loan from English seed.


rắc rối

[ʐak̚˦˧˥ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ɹak̚˦˥ ɹoj˦˥]

complicated; complex; intricate; troublesome


rắc rối

[ʐak̚˦˧˥ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ɹak̚˦˥ ɹoj˦˥]


hoang dã

[hwaːŋ˧˧ zaː˦ˀ˥]

[hwaːŋ˧˧ jaː˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ jaː˨˩˦]


hoang dã

[hwaːŋ˧˧ zaː˦ˀ˥]

[hwaːŋ˧˧ jaː˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ jaː˨˩˦]

động vật hoang dã


đại kiện tướng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kiən˧˨ʔ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ kiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大 (“great”) and 健將 (“master sportsperson”), calque of English grandmaster


nén

Possibly related to Khmer បណ្ណែន (bɑɑbɑnnaen, “to compress”).

cog

to repress; to control (oneself); to restrain


nén

“Ông Daniel Hauer cùng gia đình đã đề xuất được xin lỗi toàn thể người dân Việt Nam và được trực tiếp đến gặp gia đình Đại tướng để thắp nén hương xin lỗi cố Đại tướng Võ Nguyên Giáp”, ông Do cho hay.

2018 January 30, Hoàng Đan, “Vợ chồng Daniel Hauer xin được thắp hương xin lỗi Đại tướng Võ Nguyên Giáp”, in Trí Thức Trẻ:

“Mr. Daniel Hauer and family have expressed their apology to all the Vietnamese people and have asked to (be allowed to) meet the family of General Võ Nguyên Giáp to light incense for the late general”, Mr. Do said.


cựu

cựu cầu thủ bóng đá


cựu chiến binh

[kiw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕiən˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩˨ ciəŋ˦˥ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 舊 (“former; ex-”) and 戰兵 (“soldier”).


Anh quốc

Alternative letter-case form of Anh Quốc (“United Kingdom”)


ruột thừa

[zuət̚˧˨ʔ tʰɨə˨˩]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ tʰɨə˦˩]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨə˨˩]

ruột (“intestine”) + thừa (“superfluous”).

com

vermiform appendix
vermiform appendix#English


TCN

[t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiən˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Initialism of trước Công Nguyên (“before the Common Era”).


nhu

(of behavior and personality) soft; gentle


chung

head

chung • (終, 喠, 鍾) (diminutive reduplication chung chung)

終 (CJK)
喠 (CJK)
鍾 (CJK)
chung chung (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 眾 (SV: chúng). See also the variant xung found in xung quanh.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chúng</i>

vi-etym-sino

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chung.wav


chung

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


chung

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

small handleless cup (usually for drinking alcohol)


khoản

Theo khoản 1, điều 12…

khoản tiền

(business) an amount of expenditure or income


Lào Cai

→ English: Lào Cai

From Hmong, from Chinese 老街 (MC lawX keaj) (SV: lão nhai).


lọ

lọ mứt

lọ hoa

một lọ sốt cà chua

a small jar or a vase that can be held in one hand; compare chai (“bottle”) and hũ (“larger pot or jar”)


lọ

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) soot


bủn rủn

[ʔɓun˧˨ ʐun˧˨]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ɹʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

bủn (“decayed; crushed”) + rủn (“weak”).

Cứ bỏ thuốc là tôi bủn rủn chân tay, đi khám bác sĩ bảo không có bệnh. Hút lại thì khỏe mạnh đi đứng bình thường.

2017, Tổng Đài Miễn Phí Tiếp Sức Người Cai Thuốc Lá:

Every time I try to give up smoking, I felt my limbs became weak. When I went to see the doctor, (s)he said I was not sick. When I smoked again, I got better and could walk normally.


bứt rứt

head

bứt rứt (‑a reduplication bứt ra bứt rứt)

[ʔɓɨt̚˧˦ zɨt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˧˥ ʐɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˥ ɹɨk̚˦˥]

Rất nhiều người gọi điện đến kể rằng khi đột ngột bỏ thuốc lá thì tăng huyết áp, ho đờm, cơ thể mệt mỏi, bứt rứt, phải hút trở lại.

Many people call to say that when they suddenly give up smoking, they experience an increased blood pressure, a productive cough, feelings of lethargy, restlessness, and a desire to resume smoking.

uneasy; restless; fidgety; bothered; troubled; worried


đòn

vi-noun

(classifier cây, cái (“pole, lever”)) đòn • (杶)

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duən (“pole, lance”); cognate with Khmer ទួន (tuən, “fish-spear”).

đòn đá

(by extension, martial arts) a hit, a blow


năng nhặt chặt bị

[naŋ˧˧ ɲat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕat̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓi˧˨ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ɲak̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕak̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ ɲak̚˨˩˨ cak̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɪj˨˩˨]

năng (“without fail”) + nhặt (“to pick up”) + chặt (“bursting at the seams”) + bị (“sack”).

com

(literal) pick up stuff without fail and you'll get a full bag in no time

Học ngoại ngữ thì không vội vàng một sớm một chiều được. Năng nhặt, chặt bị.

When it comes to learning a language, you're not gonna get good overnight. Take your time and you'll get there.

(figurative) save up stuff, such as money or knowledge, and you'll be good to go in no time


quần

quần không đáy

Tháng tám có chiếu vua ra
Cấm quần không đáy người ta hãi hùng
Không đi thì chợ không đông
Đi thì phải lột quần chồng sao đang!
Có quần ra quán bán hàng
Không quần ra đứng đầu làng trông quan.
The monarch issued a decree in the eighth lunar month
We're in fear because it bans "crotchless pants"
We can't go to the market if we can't get out of our homes
Are we supposed to strip our husbands' pants, then?
Now we can only make a living if we have pants
Or else we'll have to keep looking out for the authorities.

quần đùi

quần lửng

(clothing) a two-legged/holed bottom; pants, shorts, briefs, panties, etc.


quần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 倦 (SV: quyện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quyện</i>

vi-etym-sino

to wear (someone) out; to exhaust (someone)


lạt mềm buộc chặt

[laːt̚˧˨ʔ mem˨˩ ʔɓuək̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕat̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ mem˦˩ ʔɓuək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕak̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ mem˨˩ ʔɓuək̚˨˩˨ cak̚˨˩˨]

lạt (“bamboo straps”) + mềm (“soft”) + buộc (“to tie”) + chặt (“tightly”), i.e. "soft straps (can) tie (more) securely".

com

(figurative) apply gentle affection to strengthen a bond; don't be overbearing; you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar (especially romantically)


trực thuộc

[t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

to belong directly to; to be directly administered by


thừa

Sino-Vietnamese word from 剩. The reading fails to retain the final consonant in Middle Chinese 剩 (zyingᴴ), which seems to be unique to Vietnamese (compare Mandarin 剩 (shèng), Cantonese 剩 (sing⁶, zing⁶), Japanese じょう (jō) and Korean 승 (seung)). The one that does, thặng, only occurs in the word thặng dư or colloquial adjective thượng thặng (“first-degree, top-level”). This failure to retain the final consonant also occurs for thừa below.
Alternatively, Haudricourt (1954) suggests that thừa is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餘 (“left over, extra”, SV: dư).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dư</i>

vi-etym-sino

Bỏ đồ thừa trong tủ lạnh.

Mẹ dặn không có thừa đâu!

What mother's advising you is not redundant!

more than needed; left over, redundant, superfluous


thừa

thừa biết ~ biết thừa

to know fully well; to be fully aware; to be the first one to acknowledge; to know, of all people

(only in fixed expressions) more than enough


thừa

(only in fixed expressions) to take advantage of (an opportunity)

thừa thắng

to seize the opportunities that result from a recent victory

thừa thế

to take advantage of the current situation


thừa

thừa nhận

to recognise (faults, etc.); to admit; to acknowledge


lầm

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *luum ~ *ləm; cognate with Khmer ច្រឡំ (crɑɑlɑm, “to be mistaken, confused”).

cog

lầm/nhầm lẫn

Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]:
Mới xem ngoài mặt thì ta đều cho dân tộc Âu Châu là một dân tộc háo thắng, độc ác, dữ tợn; nhưng không, ta lầm đấy, ta ở lâu mới biết họ có một nền đạo đức cao hơn ta nhiều. Nền đạo đức luân lý của họ cao hơn ta là nhờ họ đã thâm nhiễm những tư tưởng tự do truyền bá từ đời Hy Lạp, La Mã trở xuống. Họ cũng đã qua một hồi chuyên chế nhưng dân khí họ rất phấn phát, người của họ rất anh hùng.
At first glance we all think of Europeans as competitive, cruel, aggressive; but no, we're indeed mistaken, we have to live long enough to know they have higher moral ground than we do. Their moral and ethical ground is higher than ours because they've long been influenced by free ideas all the way from the ancient Greeks and Romans. They've been under long authoritarianism, but their spirit is very high, their people are very heroic.


lầm

hiểu lầm/nhầm

ăn lầm/nhầm

to eat something you're not meant to eat

by accident; by mistake; accidentally; mistakenly


lầm

lội ao vớt lầm

To wade into the pond (so as) to scoop out the mud.


rờ

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to touch


rờ

The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


sáng suốt

[saːŋ˧˦ suət̚˧˦]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ ʂuək̚˦˧˥]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ suək̚˦˧˥]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ ʂuək̚˦˥]

[saːŋ˦˥ suək̚˦˥]

clear-sighted; insightful; wise; clairvoyant


Nha Trang

[ɲaː˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

Possibly from Eastern Cham ꨀꨳꨩꨓꨴꩃ (Aia-Trang, literally “Reed River”), the Cham name for the Cái River.


Đồng Tháp

→ English: Đồng Tháp

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˦˥]

The shortened form of Đồng Tháp Mười. đồng (“field”) + tháp (“tower”) + mười (“ten”). Refers to the story of the towers in Chenla Kingdom.


gợi

head

⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美

gợi • (⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美)

vi-verb

⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美

gợi • (⿰扌⿱改口, ⿰訁美, ⿲口訁美)


Khánh Hoà

→ English: Khánh Hoà

[kʰɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]

[xɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]


Hậu Giang

→ English: Hậu Giang

[həw˧˨ʔ zaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩ʔ jaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩˨ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後江 (“back river”). Piecewise doublet of sông Hậu.

piecewise doublet

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sông Hậu</i>


Thừa Thiên Huế

→ English: Thừa Thiên Huế

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiən˧˧ hwe˧˦]

[tʰɨə˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ hwej˨˩˦]

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ wej˦˥]


Quảng Bình

→ English: Quảng Bình

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu

→ English: Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ziə˧˨ʔ vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ taw˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ ʐiə˨˩ʔ vʊwŋ͡m˧˨ taw˦˩]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ɹiə˨˩˨ vʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ta(ː)w˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ɹiə˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ta(ː)w˨˩]

Bà Rịa + Vũng Tàu.
:"Bà Rịa": means "Mrs. Rịa", named after Nguyễn Thị Rịa. Ancient Chinese documents such as the New Book of Tang mention the chiefdom of Poli (婆利). Maybe it's Brunei/Borneo, not Bà Rịa.
:"Vũng Tàu": vũng + tàu, means "ships puddle". It is possible that its original meaning was "Bay of Ships" referring to the nearby Gành Rái Bay.

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu
Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu#English

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu (a province of Vietnam)


Lâm Đồng

→ English: Lâm Đồng

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]


Long An

→ English: Long An

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lɔŋ˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]


Quảng Trị

→ English: Quảng Trị

[kwaːŋ˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


Bình Dương

→ English: Bình Dương

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bình Dương.wav


Phú Yên

→ English: Phú Yên

[fu˧˦ ʔiən˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˦ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Bến Tre

→ English: Bến Tre

[ʔɓen˧˦ t͡ɕɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓen˦˧˥ ʈɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˦˥ ʈɛ˧˧]

bến (“wharf, port”) + tre (“bamboo”), calque of Khmer កំពង់ឫស្សី (kâmpôngrœ̆ssei, “bamboo port”).


Đồng Nai

→ English: Đồng Nai

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

Per folk/surface etymology, from đồng (“field”) + nai (“deer”), literally “Field of Deer”. Alternatively, from the Mạ word for "river" (comparable to Koho ɗəːŋ) and the word nai above, if so, originally referred to the Đồng Nai River.
Even if the surface etymology is faulty, it was popular enough that 鹿野 (Lộc Dã) became one of the tên chữ (“literary name”) of the region. See also Đồng Xoài and Đồng Tháp, although it is not clear if the Đồng there are related to that of Đồng Nai (or even to each other) or not.
Compare also Hố Nai (literally “Deer Pit”) (at least superficially), the name of a ward of Biên Hoà, the capital city of Đồng Nai, and a likely related toponym.


Bạc Liêu

→ English: Bạc Liêu

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ liəw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ liw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ liw˧˧]

Superficially Sino-Vietnamese word from 薄寮 (“poor neighborhood”), but almost certainly of Khmer origin, probably ពលលាវ (pɔɔlliəw, “Laotian post/stronghold”) like what the Khmers still call it, since troops of the Lao Kingdom of Champasak used to maintain a military post here. The Chinese characters are simply phonograms.
In the past, this place name was also written as 北遼 (SV: Bắc Liêu) because the negative connotation of the character 薄.


Quảng Ninh

→ English: Quảng Ninh

[kwaːŋ˧˩ nïŋ˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ nɨn˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ nɨn˧˧]


Vĩnh Phúc

→ English: Vĩnh Phúc

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ fʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[vɨn˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[vɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 永福. Doublet of Vĩnh Phước.


Yên Bái

→ English: Yên Bái

[ʔiən˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˦˥]


Điện Biên

→ English: Điện Biên

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]


Sơn La

→ English: Sơn La

[səːn˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]


Nam Định

→ English: Nam Định

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


Hải Dương

→ English: Hải Dương

[haːj˧˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

城東𩈘鎮海陽
暈紅𣋽𤍊𡬷󰱺威𡗶
𨑮糁縣滝𣳢𦂾錦
城六稜高湿鐄磋

19th century, Hải Dương phong vật khúc dụng quốc âm ca (海陽風物曲用國音歌):

The Eastern Fort in the province of Hải Dương,
Received the early sunlight, always inches away from the power of Heaven.
Rivers and streams weave into brocade throughout [the province's] eighteen districts,
The hexagonal fort, tall or low, was painted golden.

Thành Đông mặt trấn Hải Dương,
Vầng hồng sớm tỏ, tấc gang oai Trời.
Mười tám huyện, sông ngòi dệt gấm,
Thành lục lăng, cao thấp vàng xây.


Kon Tum

→ English: Kon Tum

[kɔŋ˧˧ tum˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

Explained in some Vietnamese sources as being from a Bahnar phrase meaning "lake village". However, no such matching elements can be found, the closest is probably kơtu (“old abandoned village”). Even using possible "variants" of the first syllable (such as kông and kom, Bahnar's vowel length distinction also taken into account) yields little, except for maybe akŏm (“to meet together, to gather things”). In Bahnar, "village" is pơlei, while "lake, pond" is dơnŏu.


Bình Định

→ English: Bình Định

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平定 (“subjugation”).


Bình Định

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Võ Bình Định, a form of regional martial arts in Vietnam


Bình Thuận

→ English: Bình Thuận

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


Tuyên Quang

→ English: Tuyên Quang

[twiəŋ˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]


Bắc Giang

→ English: Bắc Giang

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]


Hà Giang

→ English: Hà Giang

[haː˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Perhaps a combination of Sino-Vietnamese word from 河 and non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊 (SV: dương), as written in Đồng Khánh địa dư chí in 1887.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dương</i>


Hoà Bình

→ English: Hoà Bình

[hwaː˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[hwaː˦˩ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waː˨˩ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Bắc Kạn

→ English: Bắc Kạn

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ kaːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kaːŋ˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 北扞 (SV: Bắc Cản). However, the origin is said to be from Tày Pác Kản, currently the meaning is unclear. Besides, according to some documents, the name "Bắc Kạn" is derived from pác cạm (“gateway”) or pác cáp (“the intersection between streams”).


Lạng Sơn

→ English: Lạng Sơn

[laːŋ˧˨ʔ səːn˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ səːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ səːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 諒山 (SV: Lượng Sơn). "諒" is a phonetic transcription from Tày lủng (“valley”).


Vĩnh Long

→ English: Vĩnh Long

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


Thái Nguyên

→ English: Thái Nguyên

[tʰaːj˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太原 (“Large Plain”). To indicate the midland topography of the province and around the city.

Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China)


Quảng Ngãi

→ English: Quảng Ngãi

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ŋaːj˦ˀ˥]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ŋaːj˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ŋaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廣義, with the South Central-Southern form of the second character.


khảy

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to pluck (a stringed musical instrument)


Tây Ninh

→ English: Tây Ninh

[təj˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西寧 (“West Peaceful”). Because the province is located on the western border of Vietnam, the name prays for the peace and stability of the border area.


Ninh Bình

→ English: Ninh Bình

[nïŋ˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Cần Thơ

[kən˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

Unknown. One theory proposes that this is a corruption of Cầm Thi in Cầm Thi Giang (literally “river of poems”), a poetic name given by Gia Long for a river nearby. Another legend has it that this is a combination of rau cần (“water dropwort”) + rau thơm (“mint”), both products of the Cần Thơ area in ancient times.
The suggestions above are both certainly folk etymologies. The Cần in placenames almost always reflects a presyllable of the shape kVN- in Khmer (where N is a nasal), compare Cần Giờ (from Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)), Cần Giuộc (from Khmer កន្ទួត (kɑɑntuət)), Cần Vọt/Cần Bột (from Khmer កំពត (kɑmpɔɔt)). Still, it is not known which specific Khmer item Cần Thơ was borrowed from.

ncog

Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)


khui

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 開 (SV: khai).
Compare Hui'an Min Nan 開／开 (khui¹).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khai</i>

vi-etym-sino

khui sầu riêng

khui chai rượu vang

to open (something) with tools; to unpack (goods)

(figurative) to expose; to broach; to open


Hưng Yên

→ English: Hưng Yên

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiən˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Ninh Thuận

→ English: Ninh Thuận

[nïŋ˧˧ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


An Giang

→ English: An Giang

[ʔaːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Thái Bình

→ English: Thái Bình

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平 (“great peace”). Doublet of Thới Bình.

Taiping (a number of places and historical entities in East Asia)


thờ ơ

[tʰəː˨˩ ʔəː˧˧]

[tʰəː˦˩ ʔəː˧˧]

[tʰəː˨˩ ʔəː˧˧]

thái độ lạnh lùng và thờ ơ

indifferent; apathetic; lukewarm; detached; cold


nổi bật

[noj˧˩ ʔɓət̚˧˨ʔ]

[noj˧˨ ʔɓək̚˨˩ʔ]

[noj˨˩˦ ʔɓək̚˨˩˨]

distinguished; notable; salient; prominent


vĩnh viễn

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ viən˦ˀ˥]

[vɨn˧˨ viəŋ˧˨]

[vɨn˨˩˦ viəŋ˨˩˦]

[jɨn˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

everlasting; long-lasting; permanent; for ever


bắt buộc

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɓuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩˨]


bắt buộc

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ʔɓuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓuək̚˨˩˨]


Cao Bằng

→ English: Cao Bằng

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高平, with Northern reading of the second character.


Bắc Ninh

→ English: Bắc Ninh

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ nïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ nɨn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ nɨn˧˧]


nhạy

khử nhạy


tin cậy

[tɨn˧˧ kəj˨˩˨]

to trust; to put confidence (in); to rely on


chú thích

[t͡ɕu˧˦ tʰïk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ tʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[cʊw˦˥ tʰɨt̚˦˥]

annotation; citation; comment; note; footnote.


Bình Phước

→ English: Bình Phước

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ fɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ fɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ fɨək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平福. Doublet of Bằng Phúc and Bình Phúc.


Tiền Giang

→ English: Tiền Giang

[tiən˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前江 (“front river”). Piecewise doublet of sông Tiền.


Kiên Giang

→ English: Kiên Giang

[kiən˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Hà Nam

→ English: Hà Nam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河南 (“South of The River”). Refers to the fact that it is located south of the Red River. Or a combination of Vietnamese Hà Nội and Nam Định because it is located between these two provinces.


Quảng Nam

→ English: Quảng Nam

[waːŋ˨˩˦ naːm˧˧]

Phố cổ Hội An nằm ở tỉnh Quảng Nam, đã tồn tại từ hơn năm thế kỉ.
The old quarter of Hội An is located at Quảng Nam province and existed for more than five centuries.


溟濛

Nôm form of mênh mông (“vast; immense; extensive; boundless”).


cầy

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *cgəj. Cognate with Khmer ឆ្កែ (chkae, “dog”), Bahnar sơke (“wild boar”) and Ngeq cakɛː ("dog").
Khasi skei (“Indian muntjac, barking deer”) might be a loanword from a Sino-Tibetan language, cf. Burmese ချေ (hkye, “barking deer”), S'gaw Karen တခံ (takhee, “deer”), Jingpho chäkhji (“barking deer”), and is not directly related to the other Austroasiatic items.

cog

giả cầy


cầy

Probably from the etymology above, compare Malay pauh kijang (literally “muntjac's mango”).


cầy

(dialectal) Alternative form of cày (“plough”)


cậy

From Proto-Vietic *-giːʔ, whence also gậy.

𢭄(Cậy)㛪(em)㛪(em)拱(cũng)𠹾(chịu)𠳒(lời)
𡎥(Ngồi)蓮(lên)朱(cho)姉(chị)𥛉(lạy)耒(rồi)仕(sẽ)疎(thưa)

1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], published 1870:

I ask for your help, will you accept my word?
Please be seated I’ll bow to you ere I speak.

(rarely used alone) to rely on; to pin one's hopes (on)

to congratulate oneself; plume oneself (on)


cậy

Diospyros lotus
Diospyros lotus#Translingual


Lai Châu

→ English: Lai Châu

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萊州. From Tai Dam Mường Lay, the capital of the former Lai Châu Province (1962-1992). From ꪹꪣꪉ + lay.
 Currently Mường Lay Town belongs to Điện Biên Province.


nhà ngói cây mít

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋɔj˧˦ kəj˧˧ mit̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ ŋɔj˨˩˦ kəj˧˧ mit̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋɔj˦˥ kəj˧˧ mɨt̚˦˥]


ngói

From Old Chinese 瓦 (OC *C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ, “tile”) (B-S) (SV: ngoã).

IPAfont

*C.ŋʷˤra􂀿j􂁀ʔ

och-l

*C.ŋʷˤra􂀿j􂁀ʔ


ngói

IPAfont

*C.ŋʷˤra􂀿j􂁀ʔ

och-l

*C.ŋʷˤra􂀿j􂁀ʔ


ngòi bút

[ŋɔj˨˩ ʔɓut̚˧˦]

[ŋɔj˦˩ ʔɓʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɔj˨˩ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˦˥]


ngõi

chẳng ngõi

Hết cả các thứ rồi còn ngõi gì nữa.

Everything is finished, what more do you expect?

(Northern Vietnam) to expect; pursue; to long and desire


ngòi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 源 (“spring, source”, SV: nguyên)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nguyên</i>


ngòi

ngòi bút

Ong mật chích để lại ngòi.

Honey bees left behind their stinger after stinging.


siêu năng lực

[siəw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂiw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[siw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂiw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

[siw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超能力, composed of 超 (“super-”) and 能力 (“ability”).

extrasensory perception
extrasensory perception#English


Xê-un

[sej˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

From French Séoul, from Korean 서울 (seoul).


nhăn

head

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿

vi-adj

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿

㘖 (CJK)
因 (CJK)
絪 (CJK)
顔 (CJK)
𤄰 (CJK)
𤶑 (CJK)
𥊟 (CJK)
𦁿 (CJK)


nhăn

head

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿

vi-verb

㘖, 因, 絪, 顔, 𤄰, 𤶑, 𥊟, 𦁿


phôi

(manufacturing) an unfinished product; semifinished item; partially processed material


ngất

Compare Proto-Katuic *ŋɨɨt (“to faint”), whence Ngeq ŋɯːt.


xã hội đen

[saː˦ˀ˥ hoj˧˨ʔ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[saː˧˨ hoj˨˩ʔ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[saː˨˩˦ hoj˨˩˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

xã hội (“society”) + đen (“black”), calque of Chinese 黑社會／黑社会 (hắc xã hội).

Cái thằng đến là hỏng. Bố mẹ nó bị bọn xã hội đen hỏi thăm mấy lần.

He's so out of his depth. His parents've gotten some visits from gangs he's messed with.

(collective) thugs, gangsters, mafia members


mốc

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓuk ~ *kɓuk (“rotten, mouldy”); cognate with Khmer ពុក (puk, “rotten”), Bahnar bŭk (“rotten”). Related to mục.

[məwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


mốc

[məwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


mốc

[məwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


từ bỏ

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˧˩]

[tɨ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩˦]

to abandon; to disown; to reject; to renounce

to give up (a dream, career, habit, etc.); to stop pursuing or following


sửa đổi

[sɨə˧˩ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[sɨə˧˨ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

sửa đổi bổ sung Hiến pháp


nhà nghỉ

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋi˧˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ ŋɪj˧˨]

[ɲaː˨˩ ŋɪj˨˩˦]


chừa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 除 (“to eliminate; to remove; to divide”, SV: trừ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trừ</i>

vi-etym-sino

to leave (a portion for); to save; to reserve; to spare

chừa thuốc lá

to give up (a bad habit); to abstain from; to quit


ươn

head

ươn • (𤹕, 𬆘)

vi-adj

ươn • (𤹕, 𬆘)

cá ươn


nẹp

From an infixed form of a root that gave rise to kẹp.


lối

head

𡓃, 𫮇, 𨇒, 𤂬, 𣷮

vi-noun

𡓃, 𫮇, 𨇒, 𤂬, 𣷮

way (in which something is done); manner; style; fashion


thói

head

態, 𠑉, 𢟔, 𩘩, 𩘬

vi-noun

態, 𠑉, 𢟔, 𩘩, 𩘬

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 態 (“manner/condition”, SV: thái).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thái</i>

vi-etym-sino

habit (usually bad); custom; practice; manner


trội

gen trội


trội

to exceed; to surpass; to excel (others)


sầu

(archaic, literary) grieved; sorrowful; sad; melancholy


buồn rầu

[ʔɓuən˨˩ zəw˨˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ ʐəw˦˩]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ ɹəw˨˩]


tâm trạng

[təm˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[təm˧˧ ʈaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[təm˧˧ ʈaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 心 (“heart”) and 狀 (“state”).

tâm trạng lên xuống thất thường


tuyển tập

[twiən˧˩ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[twiəŋ˧˨ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ təp̚˨˩˨]

selection of works; collection; analects


biến đổi

[ʔɓiən˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]


phụ từ

[fu˧˨ʔ tɨ˨˩]

[fʊw˨˩ʔ tɨ˦˩]

[fʊw˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 附 (“to attach”) and 詞 (“word”).


bền

(of material, etc.) durable; strong; solid; firm


gần gũi

[ɣən˨˩ ɣuj˦ˀ˥]

[ɣəŋ˦˩ ɣuj˧˨]

[ɣəŋ˨˩ ɣuj˨˩˦]

(often of relationships) close; intimate


lấm

From Tai. Compare Proto-Tai *lɤmᴮ (“mud”) (whence Thai หล่ม (lòm)).


hình như

[hïŋ˨˩ ɲɨ˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ ɲɨ˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ ɲɨ˧˧]

Hình như nó mới phẫu thuật thẩm mĩ hay sao í.

Một hai ba bốn hai ba một.
Hình như anh nói anh say rồi.
Một hai ba bốn hai ba một.
Hình như anh nói anh yêu em rồi.

2020, Pháo (lyrics and music), “2 phút hơn [Past the 2nd Minute]”:

One two three four two three one.
I think you just said you were drunk.
One two three four two three one.
I think you just said you loved me.

(colloquial, always at the beginning of a clause) seemingly, although not certainly


trạng

imperial examination
imperial examination

(historical) Clipping of trạng nguyên (“zhuangyuan, highest scorer in the imperial examinations”).

trạng nguyên

trạng rượu


cao điểm

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɗim˨˩˦]


hạn chế

[haːn˧˨ʔ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[haːŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]

[haːŋ˨˩˨ cej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 限制 (“to limit/to restrict”).


cấm

(colloquial) absolutely not; never; not at all


lột

Cognate with Muong lốt. Compare Proto-Katuic *luat (“to peel skin, to slough”) (whence Pacoh loat).
Baxter & Sagart (2014) propose that this is borrowed from Old Chinese 蛻 (OC *lot) (B-S).

cog

lột truồng

lột da

lột vỏ


chọc

[t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kcok ~ *kcook (“to prick, puncture, to provoke”). Cognate with Khmer ចាក់ (cak, “to pierce, stab, inject”), Khmu [Cuang] cɔk.


lội

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ *luuj() ~ *luəj() ~ *ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”). Cognate with Khmer លុយ (luy), Mon လုဲ, Riang luj². Compare also Proto-Tai *loːjᴬ (“to swim”) (whence Thai ลอย (lɔɔi)).

inh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to swim


Thành phố México

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ me˧˧ hi˧˧ ko˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ mej˧˧ hɪj˧˧ kow˧˧]


tìm kiếm

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tìm kiếm.wav


thu thập

[tʰu˧˧ tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˧ tʰəp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-thu thập.wav

thu thập dữ liệu


đua ô tô

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʔo˧˧ to˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʔow˧˧ tow˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʔow˧˧ tow˧˧]


số thập phân

[so˧˦ tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ fən˧˧]

[ʂow˨˩˦ tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ fəŋ˧˧]

[sow˨˩˦ tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ fəŋ˧˧]

[ʂow˦˥ tʰəp̚˨˩˨ fəŋ˧˧]

[sow˦˥ tʰəp̚˨˩˨ fəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số thập phân.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-số thập phân.wav


xảy

xảy ra

(usually of something bad and used with “ra”) to occur; to happen (by itself)


đấu kiếm

[ʔɗəw˧˦ kiəm˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˦ kiəm˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəw˦˥ kim˦˥]


nụ cười

[nu˧˨ʔ kɨəj˨˩]

[nʊw˨˩ʔ kɨj˦˩]

[nʊw˨˩˨ kɨj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nụ cười.wav


biểu tượng

[ʔɓiəw˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓiw˧˨ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓiw˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]


bóng ném

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ nɛm˧˦]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ nɛm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ nɛm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ nɛm˦˥]


đáp ứng

[ʔɗaːp̚˧˦ ʔɨŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗaːp̚˦˧˥ ʔɨŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːp̚˦˥ ʔɨŋ˦˥]

to respond (positively to); to meet (needs); to satisfy


hoang mạc

[hwaːŋ˧˧ maːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[hwaːŋ˧˧ maːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ maːk̚˨˩˨]


thời điểm

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʔɗim˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 時點, composed of 時 (“time”) and 點 (“point”).


thể dục nghệ thuật

[tʰe˧˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ŋe˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˧˨ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ŋej˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ŋej˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

thể dục (“physical education”) + nghệ thuật (“art”).


mát mẻ

[maːt̚˧˦ mɛ˧˩]

[maːk̚˦˧˥ mɛ˧˨]

[maːk̚˦˥ mɛ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mát mẻ.wav


sưa

Dalbergia tonkinensis, prized for its wood used in furniture and endangered.


điện toán đám mây

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ twaːn˧˦ ʔɗaːm˧˦ məj˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ twaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːm˦˧˥ məj˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːm˦˥ məj˧˧]


điền kinh

[ʔɗiən˨˩ kïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˦˩ kɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ kɨn˧˧]


phần trăm

[fən˨˩ t͡ɕam˧˧]

[fəŋ˦˩ ʈam˧˧]

[fəŋ˨˩ ʈam˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phần trăm.wav

phần + trăm, calque of English percent, from New Latin per centum (“by the hundred”).


đồ chơi

[ʔɗo˨˩ t͡ɕəːj˧˧]

[ʔɗow˦˩ t͡ɕəːj˧˧]

[ʔɗow˨˩ cəːj˧˧]


nấu ăn

[nəw˧˦ ʔan˧˧]

[nəw˨˩˦ ʔaŋ˧˧]

[nəw˦˥ ʔaŋ˧˧]


nói dối

[nɔj˨˩˦ joj˨˩˦]


kí sinh trùng

[ki˧˦ sïŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ ʂɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ sɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kɪj˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kɪj˦˥ sɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寄生蟲, composed of 寄生 (“to leech”) and 蟲 (“animal”).


bóng mềm

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ mem˨˩]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ mem˦˩]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ mem˦˩]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ mem˨˩]

bóng (“ball”) + mềm (“soft”), calque of English softball.


chi phí

[t͡ɕi˧˧ fi˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ fɪj˨˩˦]

[cɪj˧˧ fɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chi phí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支費 (“payment”).

Quy định này dẫn tới phát sinh một số khó khăn và chi phí cho doanh nghiệp.

This regulation leads to a number of difficulties and costs for businesses.


chi phí

[t͡ɕi˧˧ fi˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ fɪj˨˩˦]

[cɪj˧˧ fɪj˦˥]


cây trồng

[kəj˧˧ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kəj˧˧ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kəj˧˧ ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩]


chèo thuyền

[t͡ɕɛw˨˩ tʰwiən˨˩]

[t͡ɕɛw˦˩ tʰwiəŋ˦˩]

[cɛw˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]


xem xét

[sɛm˧˧ sɛt̚˧˦]

[sɛm˧˧ sɛt̚˦˧˥]

[sɛm˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xem xét.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 占察 (“to observe; to examine”, SV: chiêm sát); equivalent to xem + xét.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chiêm sát</i>


cử tạ

[kɨ˧˩ taː˧˨ʔ]

[kɨ˧˨ taː˨˩ʔ]

[kɨ˨˩˦ taː˨˩˨]

cử (舉, “to lift”) + tạ (“picul; dumbbell”).


dẫn nhập

[zən˦ˀ˥ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˨ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]


dẫn nhập

[zən˦ˀ˥ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəŋ˧˨ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]


nhảy cầu

[ɲaj˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[ɲaj˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]


nhảy cầu

[ɲaj˧˩ kəw˨˩]

[ɲaj˧˨ kəw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kəw˨˩]


cung cấp

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]


riêng biệt

[ziəŋ˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˨˩˨]


gầy

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 阿計 (MC 'a kejH) (modern SV: a kế), 計 (MC kejH) (modern SV: kế) and 𤷍, phonetic 其 (MC gi|ki) (modern SV: kì).


gầy

(dialectal) Alternative form of gây (“to cause”)


toán

toán cướp

(rather literary) a bunch; a gang (typically, of unfriendly people)


toán

Sino-Vietnamese word from 算 (“to calculate”).

làm toán


mong đợi

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˧˨ʔ]

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩ʔ]

[mɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩ʔ]

[mawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəːj˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mong đợi.wav


Thế vận hội

[tʰe˧˦ vən˧˨ʔ hoj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰej˨˩˦ vəŋ˨˩ʔ hoj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰej˦˥ vəŋ˨˩˨ hoj˨˩˨]

[tʰej˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˨ hoj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 世運會, from Chinese 世運會／世运会 (Shìyùnhuì), short for 世界運動會／世界运动会 (Thế giới Vận động hội, “World Games”, literally “World Athletic Gathering”).

Thế vận hội mùa đông


hiệu lực

[hiəw˧˨ʔ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[hiw˨˩ʔ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[hiw˨˩˨ lɨk̚˨˩˨]


bóng nước

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]


bóng nước

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


thực hành

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ han˨˩]

(rare) Synonym of thực hiện (“to implement”)


thực hành

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ han˨˩]

lí thuyết phải đi đôi với thực hành

theory has to go hand in hand with praxis


phóng viên

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ viəŋ˧˧]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ viəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ viəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 訪員, composed of 訪 (“to visit; to interview”) and 員 (“person”).

(journalism) a correspondent or reporter


chòm

các chòm núi

chòm mây

chòm vệ tinh

(by extension) a grove; thicket (of plants)


công chính

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公政, composed of 公 (“public”) and 政 (“political affairs”).

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ cɨn˦˥]


công chính

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公正 (“equitable”).

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ cɨn˦˥]


cửa ngõ

[kɨə˧˩ ŋɔ˦ˀ˥]

[kɨə˧˨ ŋɔ˧˨]

[kɨə˨˩˦ ŋɔ˨˩˦]


trước hết

[t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ het̚˧˦]

[ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ het̚˦˧˥]

[ʈɨək̚˦˥ həːt̚˦˥]


ùn tắc

[ʔun˦˩ tak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩ tak̚˦˥]

to be jammed (with traffic); to be congested


trước đây

[t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗəj˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəj˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗəj˧˧]


chụm

Compare Pacoh adyúm (“to push sticks into fire”).

cog

Bỏ thêm củi vô chụm cho nước mau sôi coi.

Let's put more wood into the fire so that the water boils more quickly.

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to put into the fire


phố phường

[fo˧˦ fɨəŋ˨˩]

[fow˨˩˦ fɨəŋ˦˩]

[fow˦˥ fɨəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 庯坊, composed of 庯 (“street”) and 坊 (“lane”).

vi-etym-sino

street and district; streets; city or town


trước tiên

[t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ tiən˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ tiəŋ˧˧]

[ʈɨək̚˦˥ tiəŋ˧˧]


nâng cấp

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˧˦]

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[nəŋ˧˧ kəp̚˦˥]


mở rộng

[məː˧˩ zəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[məː˧˨ ʐəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[məː˨˩˦ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


chấp hành

[t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ hɛɲ˦˩]

to follow; to obey; to comply (with the law)


ngõ

con (classifier)
午 (CJK)
𡉦 (CJK)
𨳱 (CJK)

Có đứa nào thập thò trước ngõ nhà mình sáng giờ.

There's someone who has been lurking near our doorstep all day.


gay go

[ɣaj˧˧ ɣɔ˧˧]

[ɣaj˧˧ ɣɔ˧˧]

[ɣa(ː)j˧˧ ɣɔ˧˧]


quy phạm

[wɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]


quan chức

[kwaːn˧˧ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˦]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨk̚˦˧˥]

[waːŋ˧˧ cɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 官職, composed of 官 (“official”) and 職 (“position; post”).


sở

sở làm

(government) a department (the provincial equivalent of a bộ (“ministry”))


xét

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 察 (SV: sát).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sát</i>


điện toán

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ twaːn˧˦]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ twaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]


chặt chẽ

[t͡ɕat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɛ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕak̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɛ˧˨]

[cak̚˨˩˨ cɛ˨˩˦]


chặt chẽ

[t͡ɕat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɛ˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕak̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɛ˧˨]

[cak̚˨˩˨ cɛ˨˩˦]


đội trưởng

[ʔɗoj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

a captain (one of the athletes on a sports team designated to make decisions)


học thuyết

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tʰwiək̚˦˧˥]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]


情狀

chữ Hán form of tình trạng (“situation”).


lí luận

[lɪj˨˩˦ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[lɪj˦˥ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

(mathematics, physics, literary, politics, etc.) theory


nghiêm trọng

[ŋiəm˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ŋiəm˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ŋiəm˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋim˧˧ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


lặp

lặp lại


ý thức

[ʔi˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

Theo Mác, vật chất có trước, ý thức có sau. Vật chất tồn tại độc lập không phụ thuộc vào ý thức.

According to Marx, matter exists prior to, and independent of, consciousness.

來(lay)意(ý)識(thức)渚(chớ)執(chấp)澄(chằng)澄(chằng)

13th century, Trần Nhân Tông, Cư Trần lạc đạo phú 居塵樂道賦 Đệ bát hội 第八會:

Free your mind, don't just keep insisting [on your idealism].

có ý thức

vô ý thức

xả rác bừa bãi, vô ý thức

awareness, especially of something bad you're doing, for example littering or outdoor urination


ý thức

[ʔi˧˦ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˦˥ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


sôi động

[soj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʂoj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[soj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʂoj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[soj˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

to be lively; to be vibrant; to be exciting


cuộc chiến

[kuək̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕiən˧˦]

[kuək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥]

[kuək̚˨˩˨ ciəŋ˦˥]


nối tiếp

[noj˨˩˦ tiəp̚˦˧˥]


đường đi nước bước

head

đường đi nước bước

vi-noun

đường đi nước bước

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɗi˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɓɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ ʔɗɪj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɗɪj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɓɨək̚˦˥]

biết đường đi nước bước


lưu thông

[liw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lɨw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[lɨw˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]


làn sóng

[laːŋ˦˩ ʂawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[laːŋ˦˩ sɔŋ˦˧˥]

[laːŋ˨˩ ʂawŋ͡m˦˥]

[laːŋ˨˩ sawŋ͡m˦˥]


di cư

[jɪj˧˧ kɨ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ kɨ˧˧]


tươi tắn

[tɨj˧˧ taŋ˦˧˥]

[tɨj˧˧ taŋ˦˥]


ưa chuộng

[ʔɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɨə˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɨə˧˧ cuəŋ˨˩˨]


tị nạn

[ti˧˨ʔ naːn˧˨ʔ]

[tɪj˨˩ʔ naːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɪj˨˩˨ naːŋ˨˩˨]

to flee from danger; to seek refuge (as a refugee)


toàn cầu

[twaːŋ˦˩ kəw˦˩]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 全球, composed of 全 (“all”) and 球 (“globe”).

vi-etym-sino

global (concerning all parts of the world)


nhấc

From Proto-Vietic, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *juk ~ *jək ~ *jəək. Cognate with Muong dắc, Arem jɨ̀k, Khmer យក់ (yŭək), Mon ယိုက် (yàk), Nyaheun jɨk, Semelai jɔk ("to take, fetch"), Gata' jok-, Western Lawa ยวก.
Likely related to nhắc (“to remind”).


lánh

to avoid; to shun; to evade; to flee (from)


toàn cầu hoá

[twaːŋ˦˩ kəw˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ kəw˨˩ waː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 全球化, composed of 全球 (“global”) and 化 (“-ize”).


toàn cầu hoá

[twaːŋ˦˩ kəw˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ kəw˨˩ waː˦˥]


nấu bếp

[nəw˧˦ ʔɓep̚˧˦]

[nəw˨˩˦ ʔɓep̚˦˧˥]

[nəw˦˥ ʔɓep̚˦˥]


bản sắc

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ sak̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ ʂak̚˦˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ sak̚˦˥]

(of a nation, ethnic group, etc.) identity; character


phải lòng

[faːj˧˨ lɔŋ˦˩]

(colloquial) to fall in love (with); to be in love (with)


hàng xóm

[haːŋ˨˩ sɔm˧˦]

[haːŋ˦˩ sɔm˦˧˥]

[haːŋ˨˩ sɔm˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hàng xóm.wav


đầu bếp

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓep̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɓep̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓep̚˦˥]


chỗ đứng

[t͡ɕo˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɨŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕow˧˨ ʔɗɨŋ˦˧˥]

[cow˨˩˦ ʔɗɨŋ˦˥]

standing ground; foothold; (social) position


thuộc địa

[tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰuək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]


cứu vớt

[kiw˧˦ vəːt̚˧˦]

[kɨw˨˩˦ vəːk̚˦˧˥]

[kɨw˦˥ vəːk̚˦˥]

[kɨw˦˥ jəːk̚˦˥]


phiền lòng

[fiəŋ˦˩ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[fiəŋ˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

[fiəŋ˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


theo dõi

[tʰɛw˧˧ zɔj˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛw˧˧ jɔj˧˨]

[tʰɛw˧˧ jɔj˨˩˦]

to keep an eye on; to keep track (of); to monitor; to watch


phụ thuộc

[fu˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[fʊw˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]


doanh nhân

[zwajŋ̟˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[jwɛɲ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[j⁽ʷ⁾an˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 營 (“to do business”) and 人 (“person”).


cảm hứng

[kaːm˧˩ hɨŋ˧˦]

[kaːm˧˨ hɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kaːm˨˩˦ hɨŋ˦˥]


vắng mặt

[vaŋ˧˦ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[vaŋ˦˧˥ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[vaŋ˦˥ mak̚˨˩˨]

[jaŋ˦˥ mak̚˨˩˨]


rõ rệt

[zɔ˦ˀ˥ zet̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐɔ˧˨ ʐet̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹɔ˨˩˦ ɹəːt̚˨˩˨]


ủng hộ

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˩ ho˧˨ʔ]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˨ how˨˩ʔ]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ how˨˩˨]


kẻ thù

[kɛ˧˩ tʰu˨˩]

[kɛ˧˨ tʰʊw˦˩]

[kɛ˨˩˦ tʰʊw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-kẻ thù.wav


mức độ

[mɨk̚˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[mɨk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[mɨk̚˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


hỗ trợ

[ho˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ]

[how˧˨ ʈəː˨˩ʔ]

[how˨˩˦ ʈəː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hỗ trợ.wav


phạm vi

[faːm˨˩ʔ vɪj˧˧]

[faːm˨˩˨ vɪj˧˧]

[faːm˨˩˨ jɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phạm vi.wav


chuyển động

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


hơi nước

[həːj˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦]

[həːj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[həːj˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥]


tại chỗ

[taːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕo˦ˀ˥]

[taːj˨˩ʔ t͡ɕow˧˨]


chăn nuôi

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˧ nuj˧˧]

chăn (“to shepherd”) + nuôi (“to raise”).

com

to raise; to breed; to rear (animals as livestock)


khuôn khổ

[kʰuəŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨]

[kʰuəŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦]

[xuəŋ˧˧ xow˨˩˦]

vượt quá khuôn khổ của cái gì

to go beyond the scope/framework of something


chấp

to accept (a request); to approve (an application)

to hold a grudge (against someone); to reproach (someone); to resent

Một chấp ba vẫn dư cửa thắng.

I still can win easily facing against three of them by myself.

to defy (the enemy); to win a victory over (someone despite being in a disadvantaged situation oneself)

(only in compounds) to hold; to catch; to seize; to hold power; to execute; to manage


tức giận

[tɨk̚˧˦ zən˧˨ʔ]

[tɨk̚˦˧˥ jəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨk̚˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˨]


lây lan

[ləj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[ləj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lây lan.wav


thân yêu

[tʰən˧˧ ʔiəw˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ ʔiw˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ ʔiw˧˧]

thân (“familiar”) + yêu (“beloved”). Compare kính yêu (“respectfully beloved”).

Nhật kí thân yêu,
Hôm nay hắn cứ nhìn trộm mình suốt cả buổi học.
Dear diary,
Today, he kept secretly looking at me the whole time at school.

Lan thân yêu,
Dạo này cậu thế nào ? Bọn mình nhớ cậu lắm.
Dear Lan,
How are you doing? We miss you so much.

(of equals, peers, juniors or subordinates) familiarly dear or beloved

peers; juniors or subordinates; peers; juniors or subordinates


kẹp

Related to nẹp through an infixed form. Compare also cặp, gắp, ghép, kép, khép.

to pinch; to clamp; to press (from both sides)


kẹp

a tool for gripping or pinching: pincers; nippers; clamp; clip


ngược lại

[ŋɨək̚˧˨ʔ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨək̚˨˩ʔ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨək̚˨˩˨ laːj˨˩˨]

hoặc ngược lại


giải pháp

[jaːj˧˨ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ faːp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 解法, composed of 解 (“to solve”) and 法 (“method”).


chất béo

[t͡ɕət̚˧˦ ʔɓɛw˧˦]

[t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɛw˨˩˦]

[cək̚˦˥ ʔɓɛw˦˥]

(nutrition) fat; compare mỡ (“fat as part of flesh”)

(informal, nutrition, organic chemistry) Synonym of lipit (“lipid”)


tài sản

[taːj˦˩ ʂaːŋ˧˨]

[taːj˦˩ saːŋ˧˨]

[taːj˨˩ ʂaːŋ˨˩˦]

[taːj˨˩ saːŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tài sản.wav


tường thuật

[tɨəŋ˨˩ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˦˩ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

tường thuật trực tiếp

to give live commentary on a sporting event

to give a detailed report or commentary on an incident


danh tiếng

[zajŋ̟˧˧ tiəŋ˧˦]

[jɛɲ˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

danh + tiếng. Piecewise doublet of thanh danh.


danh tiếng

[zajŋ̟˧˧ tiəŋ˧˦]

[jɛɲ˧˧ tiəŋ˦˧˥]

reputable; renowned; prestigious; famous


lây

(of disease) to spread (from one to another)


chi tiêu

[t͡ɕi˧˧ tiəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ tiw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支銷 (“to spend”).


chi tiêu

[t͡ɕi˧˧ tiəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ tiw˧˧]


đóng băng

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]


thuyền nhân

[tʰwiən˨˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tʰwiəŋ˦˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 船人, composed of 船 (“boat”) and 人 (“person”).

Bắt đầu từ nay, một chính sách mới về thuyền nhân Việt Nam đã được chấp hành tại Hồng Kông.
From now on, a new policy regarding Vietnamese boat people has been implemented in Hong Kong.

1988, ‘Bat lau dung laai’ (a frequently broadcast Vietnamese-language radio announcement in Hong Kong)

Hereafter, those Vietnamese boat people seeking to immigrate to Hong Kong as immigrants due to economic reasons will be considered illegal immigrants.

Từ nay về sau, những thuyền nhân Việt Nam kiếm cách nhập cảnh Hồng Kông với thân phận những người di tản vì vấn đề kinh tế sẽ bị coi là những người nhập cảnh phi pháp.

Loan Phan chỉ vài tháng tuổi khi cùng cha mẹ di cư vào Anh sau Cuộc chiến Việt Nam theo làn sóng tị nạn của thuyền nhân.

2014, “Bánh mì Việt 'đang có chỗ đứng ở London'”, in BBC Vietnamese:

Loan Phan was only a few months old when she came to Britain with her parents, following the exodus of boat people after the Vietnam War.


thoả thuận

[tʰwaː˧˩ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwaː˧˨ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妥 (“fully satisfied; completely settled”) and 順 (“smooth; harmonious”).

to agree (to something); to consent (to something); to come to an agreement


phát minh

[faːt̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]


phát minh

[faːt̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]


hướng dẫn

[hɨəŋ˧˦ zən˦ˀ˥]

[hɨəŋ˦˧˥ jəŋ˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 向 (“direction; towards”) and 引 (“to lead”).


hướng dẫn

[hɨəŋ˧˦ zən˦ˀ˥]

[hɨəŋ˦˧˥ jəŋ˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˦˥ jəŋ˨˩˦]

làm theo hướng dẫn


lõm

bờ biển lồi lõm

gương cầu/thấu kính lõm

curved "inward"; indented, dimpled, concave, etc.


phiền

Sino-Vietnamese word from 煩. Doublet of buồn.

Phiền quá đi!

buồn phiền

phiền lòng


phiền

to bother; to annoy; to cause unnecessary concern


lồi

head

洡, 眭, 耒, 𡋃, 𥅦

vi-adj

洡, 眭, 耒, 𡋃, 𥅦


hổng

Derived from hông, which is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 空 (“empty, hollow”, SV: không). Doublet of không.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">không</i>

vi-etym-sino

Hổng chịu đâu!

Hổng phải đâu!

Hổng có đâu!

There's no such thing! / I haven't done that! (precise meaning is context-dependent)

Hổng (có) được đâu!

That's no good! / That's not viable! / That's not allowed! (precise meaning is context-dependent)

Hổng (có) (làm) được đâu!

1992, Nguyễn Văn Hiên (lyrics and music), Không Dám Đâu (I Wouldn't Dare!), performance by Hiền Thục
Hông dám đâu! Em còn phải học bài.
Hông dám đâu! Em còn phải làm bài.
‘Sao khó ghê? Mai mình hãy ôn bài!’
‘Hông dám đâu! Hổng dám đâu!’
I wouldn't dare! I still have to study.
I wouldn't dare! I still have homework.
‘Why so fastidious? We can revise tomorrow!’


hổng

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 孔 (SV: khổng). Possibly from a lect with weakening of aspirated stops.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khổng</i>


lỡ

Chết, lỡ nói điều không nên nói rồi.

Shit, I slipped out things that I shouldn't say.

to do something inadvertently; to do by mistake

lỡ xe buýt


cửa khẩu

[kɨə˧˩ xəw˧˩]

[kɨə˧˨ kʰəw˧˨]

[kɨə˧˨ xəw˧˨]

[kɨə˨˩˦ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[kɨə˨˩˦ xəw˨˩˦]


vở

head

vở • (𡳩, 𦅴, 𬁫)

cuốn (classifier)
quyển (classifier)
𡳩 (CJK)
𦅴 (CJK)
𬁫 (CJK)

Attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum as ꞗở in ꞗở hăọc tlo.


vở

một vở cải lương

Indicates works of performance art, such as plays (kịch), operas (ca kịch), ballets (vũ kịch, ba lê), etc.


phí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phí.wav


tuyệt

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

(chiefly in compounds) to cut off; to exhaust; to use up; to reach the end or extreme


tuyệt

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

(colloquial) nice; great; wonderful; terrific; excellent; perfect


tuyệt

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

(colloquial) extremely (good); exceptionally; immensely

(colloquial) Synonym of tuyệt nhiên (“absolutely”)


giùm

Ferlus, 2009: From Proto-Vietic *p-tʃuːm, a prefixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃuːm (“to gather”), via the changes of /p-tʃuːm/ > /p-ʝuːm/ > /ʝuːm/. The forms of gium (“to help”), giúm (“to help each other”) and giụm (“to put together”) are attested in older dictionaries. Related to xum (“to meet; to get together”, now obsolete), xúm (“to gather; to collect”), chùm (“bunch; cluster”) and chụm (“to assemble; to gather”). Outside Vietic, related to Khmer ប្រជុំ (prɑɑcum, “to gather; to meet together”) → Thai ประชุม (bprà-chum, “to gather; to meet”).

cog

Mày mua giùm tao điếu thuốc cái coi!

Get me a cigarette while you're at it, please!

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) in someone else's stead


mức

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mức.wav

Variant and doublet of mực (“ink”), a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墨 (“ink”, SV: mặc). Ink lines (dây mực) are traditionally used in Vietnam (as well as East Asia) as reference lines, hence the shift in meaning.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mặc</i>

vi-etym-sino

level; degree; extent; measure; standard


ban đầu

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ban đầu.wav


ban đầu

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəw˨˩]


khoác lác

[kʰwaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[xwaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰwaːk̚˦˥ laːk̚˦˥]


chi nhánh

[t͡ɕi˧˧ ɲajŋ̟˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ ɲɛɲ˦˧˥]

[cɪj˧˧ ɲan˦˥]


chấp nhận

[t͡ɕəp̚˧˦ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəp̚˦˧˥ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cəp̚˦˥ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 執 (“to implement”) and 認 (“to accept”).


tương quan

[tɨəŋ˧˧ kwaːn˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]


nhận định

[ɲən˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


đương thời

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ tʰəːj˨˩]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ tʰəːj˦˩]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ tʰəːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 當時, common reading of đương thì.

người đương thời


ngữ âm

[ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ʔəm˧˧]

[ŋɨ˧˨ ʔəm˧˧]

[ŋɨ˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngữ âm.wav


hình thành

[hïŋ˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[hɨn˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]


khuyến khích

[xwiən˧˦ xïk̟̚˧˦]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˧˥ kʰɨt̚˦˧˥]

[xwiəŋ˦˧˥ xɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kʰwiəŋ˦˥ kʰɨt̚˦˥]

[xwiəŋ˦˥ xɨt̚˦˥]

giải khuyến khích


khiến

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 遣 (SV: khiển). However, compare also 遣's alternative departing-tone reading *kʰiᴇnᴴ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khiển</i>

vi-etym-sino

to cause (someone or something to do something); to make


phân tích

[fən˧˧ tïk̟̚˧˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân tích.wav

Sino-Vietnamese, Japanese 分析 (bunseki), Literary Chinese 分析 (fēnxī).

nhà phân tích

Để tao phân tích cho mà nghe !

Just let me break it down for you, okay?


bù nhìn

[ʔɓu˨˩ ɲin˨˩]

[ʔɓʊw˦˩ ɲin˦˩]

[ʔɓʊw˨˩ ɲɨn˨˩]

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhân</i>

vi-etym-sino

non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 人 (SV: nhân)


ổn định

[ʔon˧˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


ổn định

[ʔon˧˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

ổn định chính trị


công trình

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʈɨn˦˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʈɨn˨˩]

(large-scale) construction project; work; construction; building; engineering


tỉ lệ

[tɪj˨˩˦ lej˨˩˨]

tỉ lệ đường:nước

tỉ lệ đầu người

tỉ lệ thất nghiệp

tỉ lệ ủng hộ


tỉ lệ

[tɪj˨˩˦ lej˨˩˨]

Short for tỉ lệ thuận (“proportional; proportionate”).


thực thể

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 實體, composed of 實 (“real”) and 體 (“form”).

an entity (thing existing independently)

Biến thực thể


thực thể

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˩]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰej˧˨]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰej˨˩˦]

Triệu chứng thực thể


ấp ủ

[ʔəp̚˧˦ ʔu˧˩]

[ʔəp̚˦˧˥ ʔʊw˧˨]

[ʔəp̚˦˥ ʔʊw˨˩˦]

to wrap up; to muffle up (in clothing to keep warm)


xúm

Mọi người xúm lại quanh nó.


gia quyền

[jaː˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[jaː˧˧ wiəŋ˨˩]

số binh quần gia quyền

(statistics) weighted, with each component in an average assigned a certain value corresponding to its importance in the whole


cơm hộp

[kəːm˧˧ hop̚˧˨ʔ]

[kəːm˧˧ hop̚˨˩ʔ]

[kəːm˧˧ hop̚˨˩˨]

boxed meal; packed food; lunch box; takeaway


tình huống

[tïŋ˨˩ huəŋ˧˦]

[tɨn˦˩ huəŋ˦˧˥]

[tɨn˨˩ huəŋ˦˥]


kiên

(in compounds) patient; enduring; persistent


trụng

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to dip in boiling water; to scald


lắng

(of situation, etc.) to quieten down; to calm down


ngay cả

[ŋaj˧˧ kaː˧˩]

[ŋaj˧˧ kaː˧˨]

[ŋa(ː)j˧˧ kaː˨˩˦]


phục hồi

phục hồi danh dự cho ai


kĩ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 技 (“skill”). Compare kĩ lưỡng (伎倆/技倆).

vi-link

kĩ lưỡng (伎倆/技倆)


bồi thường

[ʔɓoj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓoj˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓoj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩]

bồi thường thiệt hại


chõ

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
祖 (CJK)
𡓇 (CJK)
𡊲 (CJK)

Related to xỏ (“to thread”), through an affixed form.

(cooking) a steam boiler (often for sticky rice); steamer


chõ

(colloquial) to face; to turn toward; to direct (one's mouth) to

poke one's nose into
poke one's nose into#English

(figurative) to butt in; to meddle; to poke one's nose into


thiêng liêng

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ liəŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ liəŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ liəŋ˧˧]

Its first element thiêng is non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 聖 (“holy, sacred”, SV: thánh); its other element liêng is likely non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 靈 (“numen > numinous”, SV: linh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thánh</i>

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">linh</i>


chĩa

From Proto-Vietic *ɟɛh < *tʃ-r-ɛh, the *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃɛh, whence Modern Vietnamese xỉa (“to pick; to jab”). Also related to Vietnamese nĩa (“fork”).

a harpoon; pike (especially for fishing)


chĩa

to point (at); to aim (at) (with a weapon)


xáy

From Proto-Vietic *tʃeʔ (“to dig”). Related to xay (“to husk (rice)”, originally the reduplicated form of Proto-Vietic *tʃeʔ), chày (“pestle”, the Proto-Vietic *-r- infixed form).

(rare) to dig (with a pointed tool); to hollow; to excavate; to scoop out


nhúng

From Proto-Vietic *ʄuːŋʔ; cognate with Muong dủng and Chut [Sách] ɟuːŋ³.


cọ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cọ.wav

1970, Hoàng Minh Chính (lyrics) & Bùi Đình Thảo (music), Đi Học (Going to School); 1971 performance by Minh Hà
Hương rừng thơm đồi vắng,
Nước suối trong thầm thì,
Cọ xoè ô che nắng,
Râm mát đường em đi.
The forest's fragrance scents the empty hills,
The brooks' clear waters murmur;
The palms’ fronds block sunlight,


cọ

Rửa nhớ cọ nồi nha !

Don't forget to scrub clean the pots, okay?


phẩy

to gently fan (something) off; to whisk (off, away); to flick (away); to flap


phẩy

chấm phẩy
a semicolon

không phẩy năm

điểm A' (a phẩy)

(chiefly mathematics, physics, chemistry) a prime (symbol (′))

(calligraphy) a stroke that falling leftwards (㇒)


lấn chiếm

[lən˧˦ t͡ɕiəm˧˦]

[ləŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕiəm˦˧˥]

[ləŋ˦˥ cim˦˥]

lấn (“to encroach on”) + chiếm (“to seize”).

com

to encroach (on); to trespass and appropriate (especially territory)


lề

Short for lề đường (“shoulder of road”).


lề

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 例 (SV: lệ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lệ</i>


đầu tư

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ tɨ˧˧]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ tɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 投資, composed of 投 (“to throw out”) and 資 (“capital”).

nhà đầu tư

quỹ đầu tư


chèo

cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
𣛨 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-ɛːw, an *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃɛːw, whence Modern Vietnamese xeo (“to lift up with a crowbar; to propel (a boat) with a long pole”). Related to Vietnamese neo (“anchor”), Khmer ចែវ (caew, “to row; paddle”), ច្រវា (crɑɑvaa, “oar; paddle”), Lao ແຊວ (sǣu, “to row”). Compare Chinese 櫂 ("oar/to row", SV: trạo).

cog

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chèo.wav


tiếc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 惜 (“to cherish; to regret”, SV: tích).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tích</i>

vi-etym-sino

Tiếc rằng, cuối cùng Lục Ứng Khâm không cho cô cơ hội ấy.

2015, Ngải Tiểu Đồ, Hồ Đồ, MintRight Inc., →ISBN:

Unfortunately, in the end Luc Ung Kham did not give her the chance.

to regret (feel sorry about some past thing)

tiếc của

to be sad that you've lost something of value

Tiếc cái ti-vi quá đi !

to feel strongly attached to something you've lost


đình

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) village shrine


ôn tập

[ʔon˧˧ təp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ təp̚˨˩˨]


kiên nhẫn

[kiən˧˧ ɲən˦ˀ˥]

[kiəŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˨]

[kiəŋ˧˧ ɲəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 堅忍, composed of 堅 (“firm; enduring”) and 忍 (“enduring”).


vi phạm

[vɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[vɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]

[jɪj˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]


hoàn toàn

[hwaːŋ˦˩ twaːŋ˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩]


hoàn toàn

[hwaːŋ˦˩ twaːŋ˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩]


thanh khiết

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ xiət̚˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ kʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ xiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰan˧˧ kʰiək̚˦˥]


南圻

chữ Hán form of Nam Kì (“(historical) Cochinchina”).


bày tỏ

[ʔɓaj˨˩ tɔ˧˩]

[ʔɓaj˦˩ tɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩ tɔ˨˩˦]

to express; to make clear; to show; to display


trò chuyện

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɔ˦˩ t͡ɕwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɔ˨˩ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]


nghẹt

đông nghẹt


tính cách

[tïŋ˧˦ kajk̟̚˧˦]

[tɨn˦˧˥ kat̚˦˧˥]


hẹn hò

[hɛn˧˨ʔ hɔ˨˩]

[hɛŋ˨˩ʔ hɔ˦˩]

[hɛŋ˨˩˨ hɔ˨˩]

(of a male and a female) to make a date; to date


dần

寅 (CJK)
演 (CJK)
閩 (CJK)
dần dần (reduplication)


trao đổi

[t͡ɕaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˩]

[ʈaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˧˨]

[ʈaːw˧˧ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

Tan học em ở lại lớp nhé, cô có chuyện muốn trao đổi.

After school, could you remain in class? I have something I want to discuss with you.

(colloquial) to discuss (with each other) in order to arrive at an agreement


lấn

head

𢭹, 𪡍, 吝, 粦, 遴, 論

vi-verb

𢭹, 𪡍, 吝, 粦, 遴, 論

𢭹 (CJK)
𪡍 (CJK)
吝 (CJK)
粦 (CJK)
遴 (CJK)
論 (CJK)

to encroach (on); to trespass (against); to invade

(Southern Vietnam) to jostle; to push in order to squeeze in


chăm chú

[t͡ɕam˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[t͡ɕam˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦]

chăm (“diligent; industrious”) + chú (注, “to pour; to concentrate”).


chăm chú

[t͡ɕam˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[t͡ɕam˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦]


hẹn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 限 (SV: hạn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Hẹn gặp lại.

to make an appointment; to arrange or promise (to meet)


相親相愛

tương thân tương ái
tương thân tương ái#Vietnamese


thăm hỏi

[tʰam˧˧ hɔj˨˩˦]

to call on (someone); to visit (someone); to pay (someone) a visit


nguy ngập

[ŋwi˧˧ ŋəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwɪj˧˧ ŋəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwɪj˧˧ ŋəp̚˨˩˨]


liên hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 連 (“to connect”) and 回 (“to return”).

to keep on (doing something); to continue; to do repeatedly


ngần ngại

[ŋən˨˩ ŋaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ŋəŋ˦˩ ŋaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ŋəŋ˨˩ ŋaːj˨˩˨]

to hesitate (to); to hold back (from); to be reluctant (to)


bỗng dưng

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ zɨŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˨ jɨŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ jɨŋ˧˧]


phẫu

(medicine) Short for phẫu thuật (“surgery”).


hệ luỵ

[hej˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˨]

Công nghệ hiện đại giúp cho đời sống ngày một tiện lợi, nhưng trong đó tiềm ẩn nhiều hệ luỵ liên quan đến tự do cá nhân.

Modern technology has greatly improved our quality of life, but there are concerning impacts on personal privacy hidden behind it.

a troublesome or insidious societal impact


chuyên gia

[t͡ɕwiən˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]


nhiếp hộ tuyến

[ɲiəp̚˧˦ ho˧˨ʔ twiən˧˦]

[ɲiəp̚˦˧˥ how˨˩ʔ twiəŋ˦˧˥]

[ɲip̚˦˥ how˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥]

(now dated in Vietnam, still used by Overseas Vietnamese) prostate gland; prostate


chiếu khán

[t͡ɕiəw˧˦ xaːn˧˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩˦ kʰaːŋ˦˧˥]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩˦ xaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ciw˦˥ kʰaːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 照看, composed of 照 (“according to; to contrast”) and 看 (“to see”).

(now chiefly used by Overseas Vietnamese, dated in Vietnam) visa


bệnh tâm thần

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ təm˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

(pathology) mental illness; psychiatric disorder


tuyến tiền liệt

[twiəŋ˦˧˥ tiəŋ˦˩ liək̚˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ tiəŋ˨˩ liək̚˨˩˨]

Calque of Chinese 前列腺 (tiền liệt tuyến).


dị nguyên

[zi˧˨ʔ ŋwiən˧˧]

[jɪj˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 異 (“different; strange”) and 源 (“source; origin”).


hiếm muộn

[hiəm˦˧˥ muəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[him˦˥ muəŋ˨˩˨]


bàn bạc

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨]


tâm thần

[təm˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[təm˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Short for bệnh tâm thần (“mental illness”).


trao

head

𢭂, 招, 召, 掉, 搔, 捞, 撩

vi-verb

𢭂, 招, 召, 掉, 搔, 捞, 撩

𢭂 (CJK)
招 (CJK)
召 (CJK)
掉 (CJK)
搔 (CJK)
捞 (CJK)
撩 (CJK)


đồng nghiệp

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


đồng nghiệp

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋip̚˨˩˨]


cảnh báo

[kajŋ̟˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[kɛɲ˧˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[kan˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˦˥]


cảnh báo

[kajŋ̟˧˩ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[kɛɲ˧˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[kan˨˩˦ ʔɓaːw˦˥]


di dân

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]


di dân

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]


cảm xúc

[kaːm˧˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaːm˨˩˦ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


cảm xúc

[kaːm˧˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaːm˨˩˦ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


khái quát

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰaːj˦˥ waːk̚˦˥]


khái quát

[kʰaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xaːj˨˩˦ kwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰaːj˦˥ waːk̚˦˥]


trục trặc

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈak̚˨˩˨]

(of machine) malfunctioning; broken down

(colloquial) in difficulty; having problems


trục trặc

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈak̚˨˩˨]

malfunction; breakdown; problem; difficulty


chúng sinh

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[cʊwŋ͡m˦˥ sɨn˧˧]

(Buddhism) "living beings", or more specifically, humans and animals


chẩn đoán

[t͡ɕən˧˩ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]

to diagnose; to identify (especially an illness)


chẩn đoán

[t͡ɕən˧˩ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]

(computing) a diagnostic (a programming tool used to diagnose bugs)


tác động

[taːk̚˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 作動, composed of 作 (“to do”) and 動 (“to move”).

vi-etym-sino

to have an effect (on); to influence; to affect


tác động

[taːk̚˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[taːk̚˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


lựa chọn

[lɨə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩˨ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


lựa chọn

[lɨə˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨə˨˩˨ cɔŋ˨˩˨]

lựa chọn đúng đắn


Lã Phụng Tiên

[laː˦ˀ˥ fʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ tiən˧˧]

[laː˧˨ fʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˧˧]

[laː˨˩˦ fʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ tiəŋ˧˧]

Sense 1: Sino-Vietnamese word from 呂, 奉 and 先.
Sense 2 is a Phono-semantic matching of French La Fontaine, based on the existing sense #1.

phono-semantic matching

(historical) Lü Fengxian, the courtesy name of Lü Bu, a Chinese military general during the Eastern Han dynasty.

(now dated in Vietnam) La Fontaine, especially the French writer Jean de La Fontaine.


diễn tả

[ziən˦ˀ˥ taː˧˩]

[jiəŋ˧˨ taː˧˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ taː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 演 (“to practise”) and 寫 (“to write; to describe”).


rạng đông

[zaːŋ˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʐaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ɹaːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


xu hướng

[su˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˦]

[sʊw˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[sʊw˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˥]


xu thế

[sʊw˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]


sụp đổ

[sup̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˩]

[ʂup̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˧˨]

[sup̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˧˨]

[ʂʊp̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˦]

[sʊp̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˦]


ngạc nhiên

[ŋaːk̚˧˨ʔ ɲiən˧˧]

[ŋaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[ŋaːk̚˨˩˨ ɲiəŋ˧˧]


ứng xử

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ sɨ˧˩]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˧˨]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ sɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 應 (“to react; to respond”) and 處 (“to manage”).

to behave (oneself); to conduct (oneself)


giảng viên

[zaːŋ˧˩ viən˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ viəŋ˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 講員, composed of 講 (“to explain”) and 員 (“person”).


da liễu

[zaː˧˧ liəw˦ˀ˥]

Blend of da (“skin”) + hoa liễu (“venereal”).

blend

bệnh da liễu

a disease that affects either the skin or the reproductive system

bệnh viện da liễu


chuyên khoa

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ xwaː˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ kʰwaː˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ xwaː˧˧]


sinh sống

[sïŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[sɨn˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʂɨn˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[sɨn˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˥]


máy móc

Originally máy (“to touch; to move”) + móc (“to draw out; to pull out”), probably with the intended meaning being "to fiddle with, to mess around with"; now used chiefly as collective noun of máy (“machine”).


máy móc

(disapproving, of people or the way they do things) that follows rules or guidelines uncritically; mechanical, artificial, stiff, inflexible, etc.


hiệu năng

[hiəw˧˨ʔ naŋ˧˧]

efficiency (of energy production); performance


dạy dỗ

to teach (someone affectionately); to instruct; to bring up


giảng dạy

[zaːŋ˧˩ zaj˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˧˨ jaj˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ ja(ː)j˨˩˨]

to teach; to instruct; to lecture; to preach


căn cước

[kan˧˧ kɨək̚˧˦]

[kaŋ˧˧ kɨək̚˦˧˥]

[kaŋ˧˧ kɨək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 根腳, composed of 根 (“root”) and 腳 (“foot; base; role”).


sốt rét

[sot̚˧˦ zɛt̚˧˦]

[ʂok̚˦˧˥ ʐɛt̚˦˧˥]

[sok̚˦˧˥ ʐɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ʂok̚˦˥ ɹɛk̚˦˥]

[sok̚˦˥ ɹɛk̚˦˥]


tham dự

[tʰaːm˧˧ zɨ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ jɨ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːm˧˧ jɨ˨˩˨]

to participate/take part/partake, especially in a formal or important activity; compare tham gia (“to take part in any kind of activity”)

tham dự hội thảo

to attend (a conference, convention, meeting, meetup, etc.)


dung lượng

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Tình yêu có thật hay không là tùy thuộc vào sức mạnh và dung lượng trái tim của mỗi người.

2010, Minh Niệm, “Tình yêu”, in Hiểu về trái tim, NXB Trẻ:

Whether love is real or not depends on the strength and capacity of each person's heart.

(computing) the storage capacity of a drive


trưởng thành

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長成, composed of 長 (“to grow”) and 成 (“to become”).


trưởng thành

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˧˨ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ tʰan˨˩]


gánh

to carry (something) on one's shoulder via a shoulder pole; to shoulder


gánh

load (carried at one time on one's shoulder with a shoulder pole)

(by extension) burden; heavy responsibility

gánh xiếc

gánh hài


ngoại khoa

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ xwaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ xwaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ kʰwaː˧˧]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ xwaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外科, composed of 外 (“external”) and 科 (“branch; department”). The contrast between 外科 (wàikē, “surgery”, literally “external branch”) and 内科 (nèikē, “internal medicine”, literally “internal branch”) seemingly has to do with, respectively, "external" and "internal" conditions, but it is also possible because surgery in particular was considered "outside" of or "foreign" to all the disciplines known to traditional East Asian medicine.


ói

From Proto-Vietic *ʔoːlʔ (“to choke while eating”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔul() ~ *ʔuəlʔ ~ *ʔəl() ~ *hul() (“nausea; to choke; to vomit”). Cognate with Chut [Rục] ʔoːl³, Arem ʔuəlˀ ("to choke"), Pacoh oal, Khmer អួល (ʼuəl, “to gag; to choke”).

inh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to vomit


hình dung

[hïŋ˨˩ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

to form an image or concept in one's head; to imagine, to figure, to picture, to reckon etc.


hình dung

[hïŋ˨˩ zʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˦˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[hɨn˨˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Trông mặt mà bắt hình dong, con lợn có béo thì lòng mới ngon.

A man can be judged by his appearance; chitterlings are only tasty when the pig is fat. (idiom)

Một chàng vừa trạc thanh xuân,
Hình dung chải chuốt, áo khăn dịu dàng.

1820, Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều [The Tale of Kiều]:

The bard was a young man of blossoming age,
With well-groomed appearance of refined attire.

(archaic) outer appearance (of a person)


sưng

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰夌巨, composed of 巨 (MC gjoX) + 夌 (MC ling) (modern SV: cự lăng) and 夌 (MC ling) (modern SV: lăng).

(of a body part) to swell; to become swollen


gợi ý

[ɣəːj˧˨ʔ ʔi˧˦]

[ɣəːj˨˩ʔ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ɣəːj˨˩˨ ʔɪj˦˥]

gợi (“to raise; to evoke”) + ý (“idea; thought”).


hàm ý

[haːm˨˩ ʔi˧˦]

[haːm˦˩ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[haːm˨˩ ʔɪj˦˥]

a hidden or indirect meaning; an implication, a suggestion, a connotation, etc.


hàm nghĩa

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[haːm˦˩ ŋiə˧˨]

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˨˩˦]


hàm nghĩa

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[haːm˦˩ ŋiə˧˨]

[haːm˨˩ ŋiə˨˩˦]


cam kết

[kaːm˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

Mặc dù tính đến các dự án đã cam kết như WestConnex và NorthConnex, […]

2017, “Sydney rồi cũng sẽ ùn tắc xe cộ không thua gì thành phố Mexico”, in Dân Việt, archived from the original on 2018-03-10:

Although there are committed projects such as WestConnex and NorthConnex, […]


cam kết

[kaːm˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]


dỗ

head

杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕

dỗ • (杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕)

vi-verb

杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕

dỗ • (杜, 𠴗, 𠻀, 𡁹, 誘, 嚕)

杜 (CJK)
𠴗 (CJK)
𠻀 (CJK)
𡁹 (CJK)
誘 (CJK)
嚕 (CJK)

The phonetic elements in the Nôm characters used to write this word (杜 (MC duX), 徒 (MC du)) as well as the modern North Central form thỗ/thổ point to earlier form with *-d-. This word is unrelated to 誘 (MC yuwX) (SV: dụ), although the character appeared in latter Nôm texts as sound changes in the mainstream dialects caused the two to become similar enough for 誘 to be used as a phonetic element.

to soothe or appease (a crying or tantrum-throwing baby)


餅麵

常(Thường)常(thường)𧡊(thấy)𤼵(phát)𥹘(bánh)𫗗(mì)
𧡊(Thấy)挷(bưng)渃(nước)圣(thánh)鬼(quỷ)欺(khi)𫾗(lộn)㝵(người)

1854, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Dương Từ - Hà Mậu, page 29:

Normally see giving bread
Bring holy water, demon chosen


y chang

[ʔi˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ caːŋ˧˧]

(Southern Vietnam) just like; be the same


thời trang

[tʰəːj˨˩ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰəːj˦˩ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰəːj˨˩ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thời trang.wav


kí kết

[kɪj˨˩˦ ket̚˦˧˥]

[kɪj˦˥ kəːt̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 記 (“to note down; to write down”) and 結 (“to conclude”).


hiệp ước

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ ʔɨək̚˧˦]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ ʔɨək̚˦˧˥]

[hip̚˨˩˨ ʔɨək̚˦˥]


bỏ túi

[ʔɓɔ˧˩ tuj˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ tuj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˦ tuj˦˥]

từ điển bỏ túi


bánh chưng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ cɨŋ˧˧]

bánh chưng (a traditional Vietnamese dish made from glutinous rice, mung beans, pork and other ingredients, and eaten for Tết)


lười biếng

[lɨəj˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˦]

[lɨj˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[lɨj˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]

sự lười biếng


sư phạm

[sɨ˧˧ faːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]

học ngành sư phạm

to go to college/university to become a teacher

sư phạm Anh

(education) formal postsecondary pedagogical training


lờ mờ

[ləː˨˩ məː˨˩]

[ləː˦˩ məː˦˩]

[ləː˨˩ məː˨˩]

(literally and figuratively) dim; indistinct; vague; unclear


ngừa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 禦 (“to defend; to resist”, SV: ngự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">ngự</i>


phòng ngừa

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ ŋɨə˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ ŋɨə˦˩]

[fɔŋ˦˩ ŋɨə˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ ŋɨə˨˩]

phòng + ngừa; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 防禦 (SV: phòng ngự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phòng ngự</i>


cấp bách

[kəp̚˧˦ ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦]

[kəp̚˦˧˥ ʔɓat̚˦˧˥]

[kəp̚˦˥ ʔɓat̚˦˥]


nghi ngờ

[ŋi˧˧ ŋəː˨˩]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋəː˦˩]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋəː˨˩]


trải nghiệm

[t͡ɕaːj˧˩ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːj˧˨ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ ŋim˨˩˨]

Blend of trải (“to experience”) + kinh nghiệm (“experience”)

blend

to experience (something potentially pleasant or beneficial)


trải nghiệm

[t͡ɕaːj˧˩ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːj˧˨ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ ŋim˨˩˨]

a potentially pleasant or beneficial experience


mớm

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *mim(ʔ) ~ *miəm() ~ *məm() ~ *məəmʔ (“to suck”); cognate with Bahnar mŏm/mơ̆m (“to suck”) and Khmer ម៉ិម (məm, “to suck”).


tổng lãnh sự quán

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ sɨ˧˨ʔ kwaːn˧˦]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ lɛɲ˧˨ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ lɛɲ˧˨ sɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lan˨˩˦ ʂɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lan˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總領事館, composed of 總領事 (“consul general”) and 館 (“headquarters”) or 總／总 (zǒng, “general”) + 領事館／领事馆 (lǐngshìguǎn, “consulate”).


thu hút

[tʰʊw˧˧ hʊk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˧˧ hʊk͡p̚˦˥]


tổng hợp

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ həːp̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總合, composed of 總 (“to put together; general”) and 合 (“to combine”).

to join; to unite; to combine; to synthesise


tổng hợp

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ həːp̚˨˩˨]


thề

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 誓 (“to swear; to vow”, SV: thệ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thệ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Có thật không ?
Anh thề, anh hứa, anh đảm bảo !
Really?
Yes! I swear, I promise, I assure you!


thử nghiệm

[tʰɨ˧˩ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨ˧˨ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨ˨˩˦ ŋim˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 試驗 (“experiment”, SV: thí nghiệm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thí nghiệm</i>


xử lí

[sɨ˧˨ lɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨ˨˩˦ lɪj˦˥]

to deal with; to manage; to be in charge (of); to process


giai đoạn

[zaːj˧˧ ʔɗwaːn˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˨]

trải qua những giai đoạn đau khổ


bậc

head

北, 𨀈, 𨸾, 偪, 堛, 幅, 𨄑, 弼, 󱚤

vi-noun

北, 𨀈, 𨸾, 偪, 堛, 幅, 𨄑, 弼, 󱚤

北 (CJK)
𨀈 (CJK)
𨸾 (CJK)
偪 (CJK)
堛 (CJK)
幅 (CJK)
𨄑 (CJK)
弼 (CJK)

bậc thềm

luỹ thừa bậc 2 của 3 bằng 9

(arithmetic, of an exponential product, formal) a degree; a power

căn bậc 2 của 9 bằng 3

bậc 1

bậc 2

bậc 3

(algebra, of a monomial, polynomial, equality, equation, function, etc.) a degree; an order

polynomial; equality; equation; function; polynomial; equality; equation; function


bậc

một bậc thánh nhân


rung rinh

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zïŋ˧˧]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʐɨn˧˧]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ɹɨn˧˧]


công sức

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨk̚˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨk̚˦˥]


mê đắm

[me˧˧ ʔɗam˧˦]

[mej˧˧ ʔɗam˦˧˥]


trình tự

[t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨn˦˩ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨn˨˩ tɨ˨˩˨]


ngưng trệ

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ ʈej˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨŋ˧˧ ʈej˨˩˨]


tùm lum

head

tùm lum (‑a reduplication tùm la tùm lum or tùm lum tà la)

[tʊm˨˩ lʊm˧˧]

(colloquial) in profusion; in great numbers; all over the place


thủ tục

[tʰu˧˩ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˧˨ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 手續, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 手続き (tetsuzuki).

obor

thủ tục hành chính/chánh


quầy

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 櫃 (“cabinet”, SV: quỹ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quỹ</i>

vi-etym-sino

low cabinet in a shop or store for displaying goods; showcase


ráo trọi

[zaːw˧˦ t͡ɕɔj˧˨ʔ]

[ʐaːw˨˩˦ ʈɔj˨˩ʔ]

[ɹaːw˦˥ ʈɔj˨˩˨]

From ráo (“be dried up”) + trọi (“barren”).


điều tra

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ ʈaː˧˧]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ ʈaː˧˧]

cuộc điều tra

Cục Điều tra Liên bang


凝滯

chữ Hán form of ngưng trệ (“to stagnate”).


bòn bon

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[ʔɓɔn˨˩ ʔɓɔn˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

(Southern Vietnam) langsat (Lansium domesticum)


cấy ghép

[kəj˧˦ ɣɛp̚˧˦]

[kəj˨˩˦ ɣɛp̚˦˧˥]

[kəj˦˥ ɣɛp̚˦˥]


cành

From Proto-Vietic *t-kɛːŋʔ ~ *t-gɛːŋʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaŋ ~ *kaaŋ ~ *kaiŋ() ~ *kiəŋ ~ *kaik; cognate with Arem
kɑːŋˀ, Chut [Rục] təkɛːŋ³ and Sedang tơkang.
Pain (2020) thinks that the tonal disharmonies were due to emergence of two Late proto-Vietic sociolects: a lightly sinicised peripheric hinterland sociolect and a heavily sinicised urban sociolect.


cành

(colloquial, Northern Vietnam) one thousand dongs

xị

ten thousand or one hundred thousand dongs

lít

one hundred thousand or one million dongs


tử cung

[tɨ˧˩ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨ˧˨ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 子宮, composed of 子 (“child”) and 宮 (“palace”).


đa số

[ʔɗaː˧˧ so˧˦]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʂow˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ sow˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʂow˦˥]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ sow˦˥]


nực

From Proto-Vietic *-nək (“sweat”). Cognate with Arem nɨ̀k.


mục lục

[mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


sỏi mật

[sɔj˧˩ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɔj˧˨ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɔj˧˨ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɔj˨˩˦ mək̚˨˩˨]

[sɔj˨˩˦ mək̚˨˩˨]


chèn ép

[t͡ɕɛn˨˩ ʔɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛŋ˦˩ ʔɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɛŋ˨˩ ʔɛp̚˦˥]

chèn (“wedge/obstruct”) + ép (“to force”).


hồi sức

[hoj˦˩ ʂɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hoj˦˩ sɨk̚˦˧˥]

[hoj˨˩ ʂɨk̚˦˥]

hồi sức cấp cứu

to restore one's health; to recover one's strength


nguyên vẹn

[ŋwiən˧˧ vɛn˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ vɛŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ vɛŋ˨˩˨]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ jɛŋ˨˩˨]


sấp

úp sấp (bài)

Sấp hay ngửa ?

nằm sấp


tư thế

[tɨ˧˧ tʰe˧˦]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰej˦˥]


túi mật

[tuj˧˦ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tuj˨˩˦ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tuj˦˥ mək̚˨˩˨]


lập tức

[ləp̚˧˨ʔ tɨk̚˧˦]

[ləp̚˨˩ʔ tɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ləp̚˨˩˨ tɨk̚˦˥]


cắm sừng

[kam˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩]

[kam˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩]

[kam˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩]

[kam˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩]

[kam˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩]

cắm (“to erect a stick-like object by penetrating a surface with it”) + sừng (“horn”)

cắm 7 cái sừng

Cái thằng đến tội. Bị vợ cắm sừng mà không hay.

Poor bastard. He has no clue he's being cuckolded.


nhạy cảm

[ɲaj˧˨ʔ kaːm˧˩]

[ɲaj˨˩ʔ kaːm˧˨]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˨ kaːm˨˩˦]

nhạy cảm với ánh sáng

chuyện nhạy cảm

sensitive (responsive to stimuli; easily offended; capable of offending)


bá phụ

[ʔɓaː˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's elder brother or elder sister's husband)


thúc phụ

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's younger brother or younger sister's husband)


choáng

[t͡ɕwaːŋ˦˧˥]


choáng

[t͡ɕwaːŋ˦˧˥]


chấn thương

[t͡ɕən˧˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˦˧˥ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[cəŋ˦˥ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 震 (“to shake”) and 傷 (“to be injured”).

vi-etym-sino

Cầu thủ A chấn thương dây chằng chéo trước, phải nghỉ thi đấu hơn chín tháng.

Player A sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury, and needs to stay out for more than 9 months.


chấn thương

[t͡ɕən˧˦ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕəŋ˦˧˥ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[cəŋ˦˥ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

chấn thương tâm lí


tạp pín lù

[taːp̚˨˩ʔ pin˦˧˥ lʊw˦˩]

[taːp̚˨˩˨ pɨn˦˥ lʊw˨˩]

Misconstruction of tả pín lù (“hodgepodge”), due to tạp (“miscellaneous”)


tả pín lù

[taː˧˨ pin˦˧˥ lʊw˦˩]

[taː˨˩˦ pɨn˦˥ lʊw˨˩]

From Cantonese 打邊爐／打边炉 (daa² bin¹ lou⁴, đả biên lô, “hot pot”).

bor

Gì mà bày một đống tả pín lù ra thế này?

Why did you throw around a bunch of random crap like this?


ngửa

From Proto-Vietic *t-ŋah (“to lie on the back”); cognate with Chut [Rục] təŋah¹. Compare ngả.

inh

nằm ngửa


ngửa

ngửa/ngửng mặt

to orientate your face upward from its current orientation

Ngửa mặt lên coi nào !

(Stop staring at the ground and) look at me!

Mỗi lần trời chớp, tôi đều ngửa mặt nhìn lên pho tượng với một nỗi lo sợ và tò mò không cưỡng được.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 3, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

Every time there was lightning, I would look up at the statue with uncontrollable fear and curiosity.


thâm nhiễm

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˧˨]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲim˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 深 (“deep”) and 染 (“to contaminate”).

vi-etym-sino

(literary, rare) to permeate; to pervade; to penetrate deeply


thâm nhiễm

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˧˨]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲim˨˩˦]

thâm nhiễm phổi

(medicine) infiltrate (an undesirable invading substance)


thâm nhiễm

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˦ˀ˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲiəm˧˨]

[tʰəm˧˧ ɲim˨˩˦]


cẳng chân

[kaŋ˧˩ t͡ɕən˧˧]

[kaŋ˧˨ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧]

[kaŋ˨˩˦ cəŋ˧˧]


thâm

mắt thâm

(of a bodily area) discolored due to lack of sleep, injury, sickness, etc.


thâm

Likely from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Chinese 三 (MC sam), Drung vseum, Burmese သုံး (sum:).

(probably obsolete, chiefly pig traders' cant) three

probably obsolete; chiefly pig traders' cant; probably obsolete; chiefly pig traders' cant


lá lách

[laː˨˩˦ lat̚˦˧˥]


bưu cục

[ʔɓiw˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨw˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨw˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


Phan Rang

[faːn˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

From Eastern Cham Pan(da)rang, from Old Cham Paṅrauṅ/Panrāṅ, from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba).

cog

Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm
Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm#English

(colloquial) Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm (a city in Vietnam)

(colloquial) Phan Rang province, former name of Ninh Thuận province


hăng

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *haŋ (“pungent in taste”); cognates include Koho hang (“salty”), Central Mnong hăng (“peppery”), Car Nicobarese hang (“to smart; be made hot (by chilies)”).

cog

(of taste or smell) pungent; strong (onion, garlic)


phuy

thùng phuy


lành

head

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬

lành • (令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬)

vi-adj

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬

令 (CJK)
冷 (CJK)
怜 (CJK)
苓 (CJK)
袊 (CJK)
𡅐 (CJK)
𡅑 (CJK)
𫅜 (CJK)
𬙽 (CJK)
𫅞 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 令 (“good; fine; excellent”, SV: lệnh).
Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th centry) as 領 (MC ljengX), glossed as "good" (好), with "not good" (不好) being 張領 (MC trjang ljengX), i.e. chẳng lành.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lệnh</i>

vi-etym-sino

(of weather) good; (of food) good to eat

điềm lành

ngày lành


lành

head

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬

vi-verb

令, 冷, 怜, 苓, 袊, 𡅐, 𡅑, 𫅜, 𬙽, 𫅞, 󰃬


Quy Nhơn

[kwi˧˧ ɲəːn˧˧]

[kwɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

[wɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

Perhaps a Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸仁, literally "to return to humanity/compassion/benevolence", with the Central-Southern reading of the second character. An earlier name was 懷仁／怀仁 (Hoài Nhơn), with a similar literal meaning. Another interpretation is a Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸人 (“a returner; a person who returns”) (SV: Quy Nhơn).


trần truồng

[t͡ɕən˨˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˨˩]

[ʈəŋ˦˩ ʈuəŋ˦˩]

[ʈəŋ˨˩ ʈuəŋ˨˩]

trần (“shirtlessly”) + truồng (“pantlessly”).

com

trần truồng như nhộng


nứt

Cognate with Muong Bi đếch. For the rime correspondence, cf. Vietnamese đứt vs. Muong Bi tếch, Vietnamese bứt vs. Muong Bi pếch.


tắc nghẽn

[tak̚˧˦ ŋɛn˦ˀ˥]

[tak̚˦˧˥ ŋɛŋ˧˨]

[tak̚˦˥ ŋɛŋ˨˩˦]


phong cách

[fɔŋ˧˧ kat̚˦˧˥]


rạng

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (“light, to shine”); cognate with Khasi rang (“fine weather”), Khmu rʔaːŋ, Bahnar rang (“light”) and Khmer ស្រាង (sraang, “to glimmer”). Shorto (2006) connected this terms to sáng.


rạng

Ánh đèn soi rạng trang sách


phình

to swell up; to become bigger (due to having too much inside); to bulge


phình

(medicine) dilatation, enlargement, aneurysm, ballooning, etc.


ánh

ánh mắt

ánh sáng

ánh nắng

ánh đèn

ánh lửa

light from a flame, especially that of a campfire

ánh hoàng hôn/chiều tà

ánh sao (đêm)

ánh kim

(only in compounds) light radiated from or reflected off something


ánh

(figurative) đôi mắt ánh lên niềm tin


nọ

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *nɔʔ ~ *nɔh (“this”); cognate with Temiar anoh (“this”), Bahnar 'nâu/'nŏu (“this”), Mon ဏံ (nɔˀ, “this”). Compare with Khmer នោះ (nuh, “that”). Probably related also to nó.

nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own

where; no longer completely true in the modern language

where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant

đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()

bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()


thất

(medicine) ventricle (of the heart, brain)


kẻo

Đừng hóng mưa kẻo cảm.

Don't go out in the rain or you'll get sick.


dời

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 移 (“to move (to a different place)”, SV: di).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">di</i>

vi-etym-sino

to move (to a different place); to transfer; to shift


vui mừng

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˦˩]

[vuj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]

[juj˧˧ mɨŋ˨˩]


như ý

[ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

to be in accordance with one's wish; to be to one's liking


xét nghiệm

[sɛt̚˧˦ ŋiəm˧˨ʔ]

[sɛt̚˦˧˥ ŋiəm˨˩ʔ]

[sɛk̚˦˥ ŋim˨˩˨]

(medicine) to do tests (with the aim of diagnosis)


gắn

to glue (together); to stick (together); to paste (together); to link; to attach


niềm

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 念 (“feeling; sentiment”, SV: niệm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">niệm</i>

vi-etym-sino

niềm vui

niềm tin

feeling; sentiment (usually a positive one, cf. nỗi)


công thức máu

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦ maw˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥ maw˨˩˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥ ma(ː)w˦˥]

complete blood count
complete blood count


rung động

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


kĩ càng

[ki˦ˀ˥ kaːŋ˨˩]

[kɪj˧˨ kaːŋ˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ kaːŋ˨˩]


khám phá

[kʰaːm˦˧˥ faː˨˩˦]

[xaːm˦˧˥ faː˨˩˦]

[kʰaːm˦˥ faː˦˥]

to discover; to find out; to explore; to reveal


tha thiết

[tʰaː˧˧ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[tʰaː˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰaː˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 磋切, a reversed form of thiết tha (切磋).


yêu thương

[ʔiəw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔiw˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-yêu thương.wav


giận dữ

[zən˧˨ʔ zɨ˦ˀ˥]

[jəŋ˨˩ʔ jɨ˧˨]

[jəŋ˨˩˨ jɨ˨˩˦]


phương phi

[fɨəŋ˧˧ fi˧˧]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ fɪj˧˧]


gọn gàng

[ɣɔn˧˨ʔ ɣaːŋ˨˩]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩ʔ ɣaːŋ˦˩]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩˨ ɣaːŋ˨˩]


húp

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *haap ~ *hup ~ *huup ~ *ʔuup (“to eat”); cognate with Mon ဟာပ် (hap, “to eat”), Shwe Palaung ဟာပ် (“to eat (curry)”), Koho hup (“to eat”), Khasi kahup (“to gulp, gobble”) and Khmer ហូប (houp, “to eat”).


xơ gan

[səː˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[səː˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


giải khát

[jaːj˧˨ kʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˧˨ xaːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ kʰaːk̚˦˥]

[jaːj˨˩˦ xaːk̚˦˥]


vàng da

[vaːŋ˨˩ zaː˧˧]

[vaːŋ˦˩ jaː˧˧]

[vaːŋ˨˩ jaː˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩ jaː˧˧]


uốn ván

[ʔuən˧˦ vaːn˧˦]

[ʔuəŋ˦˧˥ vaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔuəŋ˦˥ vaːŋ˦˥]

[ʔuəŋ˦˥ jaːŋ˦˥]


y sĩ

[ʔi˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 醫士, composed of 醫 (“medicine”) and 士 (“-ist”).

physician assistant
physician assistant#English


thăng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 升 (“to rise”).

(colloquial, rare) Clipping of thăng thiên (“to ascend to heaven”).


thăng

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a sharp

(music) Short for dấu thăng (“sharp sign”).


nhồi

to stuff (with); to fill (with); to cram (with)


sốt xuất huyết

[ʂok̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[sok̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʂok̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]

[sok̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]


sơ

(when doing something) negligent; incomplete; cursory


sơ

(now chiefly in compounds) in the initial stage; primary; elementary


thắc mắc

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]


thắc mắc

[tʰak̚˦˧˥ mak̚˦˧˥]

Nếu ai có thắc mắc gì thì xin cứ hỏi.

If you have any question, please ask away.

Tôi có một thắc mắc.


đệm

head

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

vi-noun

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

(classifier cái, tấm) đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

cái (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
埶 (CJK)
禫 (CJK)
移 (CJK)
笘 (CJK)
𧛋 (CJK)
𧝓 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墊 (SV: điếm). Related to nệm, through an infixed form.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">điếm</i>

vi-etym-sino

vùng đệm


đệm

head

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

vi-verb

埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓

đệm • (埶, 禫, 移, 笘, 𧛋, 𧝓)

埶 (CJK)
禫 (CJK)
移 (CJK)
笘 (CJK)
𧛋 (CJK)
𧝓 (CJK)


dịu dàng

[ziw˧˨ʔ zaːŋ˨˩]

[jiw˨˩ʔ jaːŋ˦˩]

[jiw˨˩˨ jaːŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-dịu dàng.wav


nhiễm trùng

[ɲiəm˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ɲiəm˧˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ɲim˨˩˦ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 染 (“to be infected with”) and 蟲 (“bug; bacteria”).


buồn bã

[ʔɓuən˨˩ ʔɓaː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ ʔɓaː˧˨]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]


lượt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 列 (“to arrange, to list, line”, SV: liệt).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">liệt</i>

vi-etym-sino

Tới lượt tôi.


lượt

một lượt xem

Used for times and turns, and likes and views (on social media).


thất tình

Sino-Vietnamese word from 失情, composed of 失 (“to lose”) and 情 (“emotion; love”).

[tʰət̚˧˦ tïŋ˨˩]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˩]

[tʰək̚˦˥ tɨn˨˩]

Em ơi anh muốn
Mỗi tối đến anh không phải thất tình
Muốn quên một bóng hình
Em để lại, trong tim

2023 October 2, Đăng Duy Tân (lyrics and music), “Cắt đôi nỗi sầu [Cut the sorrow in half]”:

Baby, I want
Every night not to be lovelorn
Want to forget the shadow
That you left behind in my heart


thất tình

Sino-Vietnamese word from 七情, composed of 七 (“seven”) and 情 (“emotion”).

[tʰət̚˧˦ tïŋ˨˩]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˦˩]

[tʰək̚˦˥ tɨn˨˩]

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Confucianism, Buddhism, traditional Chinese medicine) the seven emotional states: joy, anger, anxiety, thought, grief, fear, fright


báng

From Proto-Vietic *k-paːŋʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpa[a]ŋ. Cognates within Vietic include Thavung kəpaːŋ³, Hung kpaːŋ, and Tho [Cuối Chăm & Làng Lỡ] paːŋ³.

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


báng

Một thằng dân vệ mặc đồ đen, thúc mạnh báng súng vào lưng Linh.

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 11, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

One of the self-defense guys in black pushed the butt of his gun with force into Linh's back.

a gunstock; shoulder stock; butt (of a gun)


đựng

head

đựng • (𡓂, 𬪐)

vi-verb

đựng • (𡓂, 𬪐)

From Middle Vietnamese đợng, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d(ɯə)ŋʔ (“to receive”); cognate with Old Mon dūṅ (modern Mon ဒုၚ် (tɜ̀ŋ, “to receive, to accept”)).


đần

head

đần • (𠽂, 𢠤, 𬑫)

vi-adj

đần • (𠽂, 𢠤, 𬑫)


đẫm

mắt đẫm nước

đẫm mồ hôi

đẫm máu


giản đơn

[zaːn˧˩ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 簡單, from Japanese 簡単 (kantan).

lao động giản đơn

(formal or literary) simple (uncomplicated)


đằng

đằng này/kia

đằng trước/sau

ở đằng trước/sau

Đằng nào chả vậy.

Nhìn đằng trước kìa.


dồn

head

屯, 扽, 拵, 沌, 盆

vi-verb

屯, 扽, 拵, 沌, 盆

dồn đất thành ụ

người người dồn về thành phố


hồi tràng

[hoj˨˩ t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩]

[hoj˦˩ ʈaːŋ˦˩]

[hoj˨˩ ʈaːŋ˨˩]


co giật

[kɔ˧˧ zət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˧˧ jək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]


đàng

Lên đàng, ta người Việt Nam. / Nhìn tương lai huy hoàng, Đoàn ta bước lên đàng, cùng hiên ngang hát vang !

1944, Lưu Hữu Phước (lyrics and music), “Lên đàng [Hit the Road]”:

Hit the road, we people of Vietnam. / Looking forward to a bright future, our Union hits the road, and proudly sings on!

(archaic or dialectal, Central Vietnam) Alternative form of đường (“road”)

(dialectal, Central Vietnam) Alternative form of đằng (“direction; way”)


lồng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 籠 (SV: lung, lộng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lung, lộng</i>

vi-etym-sino

a roundish, cylindrical-ish, usually small, cage, such as a birdcage; compare cũi (“square, cuboid cage”)


lồng

lồng tiếng

to "insert" voice-over; to add voice-over or to dub

dùng hàm IF lồng trong Excels

to use nested IF functions (that are "inserted" inside another IF function) in Excels


lồng

(slang, minced oath) Eye dialect spelling of lồn, representing Southern Vietnam Vietnamese.


cống

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 港 (SV: cảng).
For the vowel correspondence, compare nam vs. nôm (“South”), nạp vs. nộp (“to hand in”), hạp vs. hộp (“box”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cảng</i>


giật

head

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

vi-verb

抶, 迭, 秩, 帙, 𪮞, 逸, 󱣐

抶 (CJK)
迭 (CJK)
秩 (CJK)
帙 (CJK)
𪮞 (CJK)
逸 (CJK)

to abruptly move away and then back to the original position; to jerk


siêu âm

[siəw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-siêu âm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超 (“over-; super-; ultra-”) and 音 (“sound”).


siêu âm

[siəw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

(medicine, colloquial) to investigate with ultrasound


siêu âm

[siəw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]


tựa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 序 (“preface”, SV: tự).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>


tựa

the part of a chair that supports the back of a seated person


tựa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 似 (“to resemble”, SV: tự).

tựa như


đại tràng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʈaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʈaːŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tràng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大腸, composed of 大 (“large”) and 腸 (“intestine”).

viêm đại tràng

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(anatomy, chiefly alternative medicine) large intestine


lùa

(of livestocks) to slide into, to drive into

(of wind) to blow into a space that is either confined or empty


xuất huyết

[swək̚˦˧˥ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]

(medicine, chiefly internally) to hemorrhage


đại hồng thủy

Traditional tone placement spelling of đại hồng thuỷ.


trùng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蟲 (“animal”), from Literary Chinese 蟲 (drjuwng). In early Chinese, applied to all animals (see 五蟲／五虫 (“five animal groups”), namely 裸蟲／裸虫 (luǒchóng, “humans, amphibians and worms”, literally “bare animals”), 毛蟲／毛虫 (máochóng, “mammals”, literally “furry animals”), 羽蟲／羽虫 (“birds”, literally “feathered animals”), 鱗蟲／鳞虫 (“fish and reptiles”, literally “scaly animals”) and 甲蟲／甲虫 (jiǎchóng, “insects”, literally “armored animals”)), but later confined to very small ones, particularly worms, insects and microorganisms (such as the modern meaning of 毛蟲／毛虫 (máochóng, “caterpillar”, literally “furry bug”) and 甲蟲／甲虫 (jiǎchóng, “beetle”, literally “armored bug”)).

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

trùng (đế) giày

a member of Paramecium (literally, “sole bug”)

trùng roi


trùng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 重 (“to repeat; -fold”), from Literary Chinese 重 (drjowng). Doublet of trọng.

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Ngày nghỉ trùng với chủ nhật nên được nghỉ bù.

We get a compensatory day off because the holiday is on a Sunday.


trùng

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


linh đình

[lïŋ˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˨˩]

[lɨn˧˧ ʔɗɨn˦˩]

[lɨn˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩]


khiên

Borrowed from Tai (compare Thai เขน (kěen, “round shield”)) or Eastern Cham khil / khél (“shield”), both from Khmer ខែល (khael, “shield”).


đồng minh

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ mïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ mɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ mɨn˧˧]

quân Đồng Minh


giội

giội bom

giội nước lên đầu

to scoop some water and pour it on one's head


nhà thuốc

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰuək̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰuək̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰuək̚˦˥]


di chứng

[zi˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[jɪj˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˦˧˥]

[jɪj˧˧ cɨŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遺 (“to be left behind”) and 症 (“symptom”).

(medicine) sequela; complication (of a disease)


xâm nhập

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[səm˧˧ ɲəp̚˨˩˨]

to enter (and cause damage); to infiltrate; to invade


dự định

[zɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


dự định

[zɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[jɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


đại hồng thuỷ

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ həwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰwi˧˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ həwŋ͡m˦˩ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ həwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大洪水, composed of 大 (“great”) and 洪水 (“flood”).

Họ đều là khẩu Phật tâm xà, sẽ không tránh khỏi hình phạt của bề trên đã giao phó cho tôi thi hành, đó là một trận đại hồng thủy.

2017, Phan Cuồng, quoting Sự tích hồ Ba Bể, Lý triều dị truyện, →ISBN:

They are all hypocrites and will not avoid the punishment those above me have me carry out: a great flood.

great flood, deluge (floods caused by divine forces to cleanse the land)


khía cạnh

[xiə˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[kʰiə˨˩˦ kɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[xiə˨˩˦ kɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[kʰiə˦˥ kan˨˩˨]


thật thà

[tʰət̚˧˨ʔ tʰaː˨˩]

[tʰək̚˨˩ʔ tʰaː˦˩]

[tʰək̚˨˩˨ tʰaː˨˩]


nhà ăn

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔan˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔaŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔaŋ˧˧]


phu phụ

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫婦, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 婦 (“wife”), from Chinese 夫婦／夫妇 (fūfù).

(Chinese fiction) Synonym of phu thê (“a married couple”)


tù nhân

[tu˨˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tʊw˦˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʊw˨˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]


ngớ ngẩn

[ŋəː˧˦ ŋən˧˩]

[ŋəː˨˩˦ ŋəŋ˧˨]

[ŋəː˦˥ ŋəŋ˨˩˦]

stupid; silly; foolish; out of one's senses


thạc sĩ

[tʰaːk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

master's degree, or one with a master's degree


ban đêm

[ʔɓaːn˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗem˧˧]