chạp

[t͡ɕaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 臘 (“the 12ᵗʰ month of the lunar year”, SV: lạp).
The same development of the initial can also be seen with chàng & possibly also chuồng (if the latter were indeed an early Chinese loan according to Alves, 2018).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lạp</i>


thất thanh

[tʰət̚˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[tʰək̚˦˥ tʰan˧˧]

– Ông ơi? Tây tới rồi, ông ơ… ơ… ơi! – Má tôi hét thất thanh.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 5, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

"Darling? The Westerners have arrived, daaaaarling!" my mother shouted shrilly.

(shouting) shrilly, screechingly, so loudly that one's voice is about to fail


ba hoa

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ waː˧˧]

to be garrulous and boastful; to blabber; to brag


loè loẹt

[lwɛ˨˩ lwɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[lwɛ˦˩ lwɛk̚˨˩ʔ]

[l⁽ʷ⁾ɛ˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾ɛk̚˨˩˨]


dặn dò

[zan˧˨ʔ zɔ˨˩]

[jaŋ˨˩ʔ jɔ˦˩]

[jaŋ˨˩˨ jɔ˨˩]

to advise (earnestly); to instruct (over and over again); to warn


giêng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 正 (“the first month of the lunar year”, SV: chinh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chinh</i>

vi-etym-sino

Short for tháng giêng (“the first month of the lunar year”).


ba phải

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˧˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˧˨]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ faːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba phải.wav

Anh là cái đồ ba phải.

(of a person) saying “yes”, “right” or “okay” on every occasion; lacking any opinions of one's own; lacking a backbone


tất niên

[tət̚˧˦ niən˧˧]

[tək̚˦˧˥ niəŋ˧˧]

[tək̚˦˥ niəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畢年, composed of 畢 and 年.

cúng tất niên

to give offerings for the end of the year

tiệc tất niên

tất niên Tết Tây

celebrations for the end of the Gregorian calendar year


cà chớn

[kaː˨˩ t͡ɕəːn˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ t͡ɕəːŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ cəːŋ˦˥]

From Khmer ខ្ជិល (khcɨl, “lazy; idle; shiftless”).

bor

Mr. Bean lái cà chớn.

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) rude, sassy, insolent


tuốt

The undiphthongized form tót is attested in Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838), glossed as exerere.
Compare Proto-Katuic *sɔɔt (“to strip rice from stalk”) (whence Pacoh xot), Khmu [Cuang] hɔːt ("to harvest").


giao thừa

[zaːw˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

[jaːw˧˧ tʰɨə˦˩]

[jaːw˧˧ tʰɨə˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 交承, composed of 交 (“(of the old) to hand over”) and 承 (“(of the new) to receive”).

vi-etym-sino

New Year's Eve (in the Gregorian or lunar calendar), the day before New Year


tết

Possibly non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 紲 (“to tie, to bind (v.); rope, cord, bridle, halter (n.)”, SV: tiết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiết</i>


riết

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruut ~ *ruət ~ *rət ~ *rat ~ *rit ~ *riit ~ *riət (“to tighten, constrict”); cognate with Pacoh reit (“to tighten, pull tight”), Koho riit (“to tighten”), Khmer រួត (ruət) and រឹត (rɨt).


riết

uninterruptedly; without a break; continuously


đống

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]


bụm

to cup one's hand and use it to hide or cover something


Việt ngữ

[viət̚˧˨ʔ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ ŋɨ˧˨]

[viək̚˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

SBS Radio Vietnamese, Australia
Quý vị đang nghe chương trình Việt ngữ của SBS Radio […]
You are listening to the Vietnamese-language program of SBS Radio […]

GS […] hiện giảng dạy Ngôn Ngữ học và Việt ngữ tại University of California, Irvine và tiếng Tây Ban Nha tại một số đại học khác trong vùng Orange County. Ông cộng tác với Ban Đại Diện Các Trung Tâm Việt Ngữ Nam California từ năm 2003 đến nay, góp phần trong các khóa huấn luyện và tu nghiệp sư phạm hàng năm dành cho các thầy cô dạy Việt ngữ ở California và các tiểu bang khác ở Hoa Kỳ.

2018 February 2, “Tiếng Việt Dấu Yêu (Kỳ 310)”, in Người Việt:

Prof. […] currently teaches linguistics and the Vietnamese language at the University of California, Irvine, and teaches Spanish in several other universities within the Orange County area. He has worked with the Association of the Vietnamese Language and Culture Schools of Southern California since 2003, contributing to the annual training courses and teacher training for the Vietnamese-language teachers in California and other states of America.

(dated or Overseas Vietnamese, formal) Vietnamese (language)


bíu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to cling


ngóc

[ŋawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


ngóc

[ŋawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


bàu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) pond, pool


gà trống nuôi con

[ɣaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ nuəj˧˧ kɔn˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

(literal) a rooster/cock who raises his own chicks

Khổ thân chú ấy. Vợ mất sớm, phải chịu cảnh gà trống nuôi con.

That poor guy's wife died young, now he has to be the homemaker caring for his kids.


cỗ

head

cỗ • (具, 𩜃, 𩚩)

vi-noun

cỗ • (具, 𩜃, 𩚩)


cỗ

cỗ pháo

Indicates certain tools that are assembled from smaller parts


ngay và luôn

[ŋaj˧˧ vaː˨˩ luən˧˧]

[ŋaj˧˧ vaː˦˩ luəŋ˧˧]

[ŋa(ː)j˧˧ vaː˨˩ luəŋ˧˧]

[ŋa(ː)j˧˧ jaː˨˩ luəŋ˧˧]

ngay (“straight away”) + và (“and”) + luôn (“straight away”).

com

(colloquial, slang) right now; straight away


thuyết minh

[tʰwiət̚˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[tʰwiək̚˦˧˥ mɨn˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥ mɨn˧˧]

(film, television, for foreign films or shows) to provide translation with voice-over; to voice-over

(film, usually for documentaries) to narrate


đại biểu

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɓiəw˧˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɓiw˧˨]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɓiw˨˩˦]

bầu cử đại biểu Quốc hội

to elect representatives to the National Assembly

bầu cử đại biểu hội đồng nhân dân các cấp

to elect representatives to the various levels of local governments


rinh

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to carry (something with both hands to another place); to carry away; to take away


sứt

Near-synonym: mẻ

chipped (having a chip or chips missing)


Việt bính

[viət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓïŋ˧˦]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓɨn˦˧˥]

[viək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɨn˦˥]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɨn˦˥]

Jyutping (one of the many Cantonese romanization systems)


khăn rằn

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʐaŋ˦˩]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʐaŋ˦˩]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ɹaŋ˨˩]

[xaŋ˧˧ ɹaŋ˨˩]

From khăn (“towel, scarf”) + rằn (“striped”).

khăn rằn, a type of shawl typically worn in Southern Vietnam


phấn đấu

[fən˧˦ ʔɗəw˧˦]

[fəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

[fəŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˦˥]


nhiếp ảnh gia

[ɲiəp̚˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˩ zaː˧˧]

[ɲiəp̚˦˧˥ ʔɛɲ˧˨ jaː˧˧]

[ɲip̚˦˥ ʔan˨˩˦ jaː˧˧]


dịch tễ

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ te˦ˀ˥]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ tej˧˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ tej˨˩˦]


nhiễm trùng huyết

[ɲiəm˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩ hwiət̚˧˦]

[ɲiəm˧˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ɲim˨˩˦ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩ wiək̚˦˥]


châm chọc

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəm˧˧ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

châm (“to sting”) + chọc (“to prick, to provoke”).


ngoạn mục

[ŋwaːn˧˨ʔ mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwaːŋ˨˩ʔ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwaːŋ˨˩˨ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玩 (“to play”) and 目 (“eyes”).

vi-etym-sino

pleasant to the eyes; picturesque; spectacular; beautiful


động mạch chủ

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ majk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ mat̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ mat̚˨˩˨ cʊw˨˩˦]

động mạch (“artery”) + chủ (“main”), calque of Chinese 主動脈／主动脉 (chủ động mạch). Compare Japanese 大動脈 (daidōmyaku, đại động mạch, literally “great artery”).


hồ Hoàn Kiếm

hồ (“lake”) + hoàn (“to return”) + kiếm (“sword”), from the legend in which Lê Lợi returned the sword he borrowed from the Golden Turtle God after defeating Ming invaders. The turtle god is, of course, fictional, but there is an actual symbolic turtle in the lake.


chậu

head

𡊱, 𡎣, 𡔍, 𤭷, 𦈽, 𫵥

vi-noun

𡊱, 𡎣, 𡔍, 𤭷, 𦈽, 𫵥

(classifier cái) chậu • (𡊱, 𡎣, 𡔍, 𤭷, 𦈽, 𫵥)

cái (classifier)
𡊱 (CJK)
𡎣 (CJK)
𡔍 (CJK)
𤭷 (CJK)
𦈽 (CJK)
𫵥 (CJK)

CT bụng chậu

2018 January 25, “Các hot boy 'chưa có chậu' ở U23 Việt Nam”, in Ngôi Sao:

The single “hot boys” in the Vietnam Under-23 Team

(neologism, figurative, slang) lover; sweetheart; boyfriend or girlfriend


bùng binh

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓɨn˧˧]


chấn chỉnh

[t͡ɕən˧˦ t͡ɕïŋ˧˩]

[t͡ɕəŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨn˧˨]

[cəŋ˦˥ cɨn˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 振 (“to shake”) and 整 (“to arrange”).

vi-etym-sino

to reorganize; to tidy up; to arrange; to revamp


chân chính

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˧˧ cɨn˦˥]


nhộn nhịp

[ɲon˧˨ʔ ɲip̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲoŋ˨˩ʔ ɲip̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲoŋ˨˩˨ ɲip̚˨˩˨]


làm màu

làm (“to do, to make”) + màu (“colour”).

(colloquial) to overcomplicate (a simple matter)


nhà xe

[ɲaː˨˩ sɛ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ sɛ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ sɛ˧˧]


bùng

to flare up; to break out; to suddenly appear


bùng

(colloquial) to run away; to leave abruptly


phượt

(Southern Vietnam) to pass quickly; to rush past; to speed past

Thay vì chọn các phương tiện như xe khách, máy bay, tàu lửa, nhiều sinh viên lựa chọn về quê bằng cách phượt bằng xe máy dù hành trình khá xa.

2018 February 10, “Rủ nhau phượt xe máy về quê ăn tết, an toàn không? [Riding motorbikes together to return home for Tết, is it safe?]”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

Instead of travelling by coach, airplane or train, many students choose to go home (for the lunar new year) by riding on the motorbike, despite the relatively long distances.

(neologism, slang) to travel by motorbike


ga-ra

[ɣaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

garage (building or section of building used to store a car, tools, etc.)

chủ ga ra

auto shop, garage (place where cars are serviced and repaired)


giống đực

[zəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩˨]


giống đực

[zəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩˨]


chán cơm thèm phở

[t͡ɕaːn˧˦ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˨˩ fəː˧˩]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˧˥ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˦˩ fəː˧˨]

[caːŋ˦˥ kəːm˧˧ tʰɛm˨˩ fəː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chán cơm thèm phở.wav

(literal) to be sick and tired of cooked rice and long for pho

(figurative) to be sexually sick and tired of one's spouse and long for sexual thrill from someone else


ám ảnh

[ʔaːm˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔaːm˦˥ ʔan˨˩˦]

Điều đó đã trở thành một nỗi ám ảnh.

Nỗi lo âu ngày đêm ám ảnh

bị tiền bạc ám ảnh


áp-xe

[ʔaːp̚˧˦ sɛ˧˧]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ sɛ˧˧]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ sɛ˧˧]


thỏa thuận

Traditional tone placement spelling of thoả thuận.


lu bu

[lu˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]


ngây ngô

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋo˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋow˧˧]

[ŋəj˧˧ ŋow˧˧]


rảnh rỗi

[ʐɛɲ˧˨ ʐoj˧˨]

[ɹan˨˩˦ ɹoj˨˩˦]


lu bù

[lu˧˧ ʔɓu˨˩]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˦˩]

[lʊw˧˧ ʔɓʊw˨˩]

(colloquial) boundless; too many to count; limitless; round after round; on a spree

Tại mấy năm nay mình làm việc lu bù, lại còn phải chi tiêu nhiều nữa.

For the past few years, I have been working day and night, and still have much to pay off.

(by extension) very busy with something; knee-deep in something


họp hành

[hɔp̚˧˨ʔ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[hɔp̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

[hɔp̚˨˩˨ han˨˩]

(colloquial) to meet; to gather (generally speaking)


tỏ tình

[tɔ˧˩ tïŋ˨˩]

[tɔ˧˨ tɨn˦˩]

[tɔ˨˩˦ tɨn˨˩]

to reveal or confess one's love (to); to declare one's love (with)


tranh thủ

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ tʰu˧˩]

[ʈɛɲ˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[ʈan˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 爭取 (“to strive for”).

Trong lúc chờ tranh thủ đọc nốt cuốn sách.

I tried to finish my book while waiting.

(colloquial) to make use of free time or waiting time


triệt phá

[t͡ɕiət̚˧˨ʔ faː˧˦]

[ʈiək̚˨˩ʔ faː˨˩˦]

[ʈiək̚˨˩˨ faː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 徹 (“complete”) and 破 (“to destroy”).


tủi thân

[tuj˧˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[tuj˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˧˧]


an khang thịnh vượng

[ʔaːn˧˧ xaːŋ˧˧ tʰïŋ˧˨ʔ vɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩ʔ vɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ xaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩ʔ vɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩˨ vɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ xaːŋ˧˧ tʰɨn˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安康 (“safe”) and 盛旺 (“prosperous”).

Wish you security, good health and prosperity. (a common wish for Tết)


tủi

head

𢣃, 𡀬, 悴, 碎, 𢢇

vi-verb

𢣃, 𡀬, 悴, 碎, 𢢇

to deplore; to lament; to grieve; to self-pity


rơ

rơ lưỡi

thuốc rơ miệng

a medicine used by applying directly to the mouth

(usually used for infants) to rub to wipe clean or to apply a substance


rơ

(of machinery) having too much play; loose


xiêu

to be convinced; to yield to; to concede; to be won over


xiêu lòng

[siw˧˧ lɔŋ˦˩]

to be won over; to be convinced; to yield to


mềm lòng

[mem˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

to soften (emotionally); to be emotionally moved or involved


vạn sự như ý

[vaːn˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˨ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔi˧˦]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ sɨ˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ ʂɨ˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ sɨ˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]


nhã ý

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ʔi˧˦]

[ɲaː˧˨ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ʔɪj˦˥]

(literary and formal, polite) good intention; kindness


nhắn nhủ

[ɲan˧˦ ɲu˧˩]

[ɲaŋ˦˧˥ ɲʊw˧˨]

[ɲaŋ˦˥ ɲʊw˨˩˦]


địa phận

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ fən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ fəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ fəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地 (“land”) and 分 (“part; portion”).


đớp thính

[ʔɗəːp̚˧˦ tʰïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗəːp̚˦˧˥ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəːp̚˦˥ tʰɨn˦˥]

đớp (“(of animal) to snap up; to snatch”) + thính (“fishing bait”).

com

(neologism, slang) to respond positively to another person's “thính” (flirtation, romantic advances, etc.)


phương án

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʔaːn˧˦]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʔaːŋ˦˧˥]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ ʔaːŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phương án.wav

the rundown of a course of action; a plan or solution


đông đúc

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


nhồi nhét

[ɲoj˨˩ ɲɛt̚˧˦]

[ɲoj˦˩ ɲɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ɲoj˨˩ ɲɛk̚˦˥]


hỏng hóc

[hɔŋ˧˨ hawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


lịch trình

[lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕïŋ˨˩]

[lɨt̚˨˩ʔ ʈɨn˦˩]

[lɨt̚˨˩˨ ʈɨn˨˩]

route (of a trip); path (of development); schedule


xúng xính

head

xúng xính (‑a reduplication xúng xa xúng xính)

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˦ sïŋ˧˦]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ sɨn˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˦˥ sɨn˦˥]

(ideophonic) having clothes hanging loose around one's body


nhét

Compare Pacoh carnheit (“to stop up (of hole, pipe)”).


bảo dưỡng

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˨˩˦]

to maintain; to keep (vehicle, machine, etc.) in good repair


hài lòng

[haːj˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hài hoà</i>


danh hiệu

[zajŋ̟˧˧ hiəw˧˨ʔ]

[jɛɲ˧˧ hiw˨˩ʔ]


đúng điệu

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]

appropriate; adequate; timely; fashionable


lẻ loi

[lɛ˧˩ lɔj˧˧]

[lɛ˧˨ lɔj˧˧]

[lɛ˨˩˦ lɔj˧˧]


thủ lĩnh

[tʰu˧˩ lïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰʊw˧˨ lɨn˧˨]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ lɨn˨˩˦]


đăng

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
簦 (CJK)


đăng

(Internet) to post, to publish (to disseminate publicly via a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc.)

to enlist (to voluntarily join a cause or organization)


bí quyết

[ʔɓi˧˦ kwiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˦ kwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɪj˦˥ wiək̚˦˥]


Hoa kiều

overseas Chinese
overseas Chinese#English

(collective) overseas Chinese; Chinese nationals


vội vã

[voj˧˨ʔ vaː˦ˀ˥]

[voj˨˩˨ vaː˨˩˦]

[joj˨˩˨ jaː˨˩˦]


tán tỉnh

[taːn˧˦ tïŋ˧˩]

[taːŋ˦˧˥ tɨn˧˨]

[taːŋ˦˥ tɨn˨˩˦]

to cajole; to court; to flirt; to make advances (to)


rầm

Very loud noise, often produced when something collapses or explodes


Sài thành

[saːj˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʂaːj˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[saːj˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʂaːj˨˩ tʰan˨˩]


hội quán

[hoj˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[hoj˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

premises of an association, usually a Chinese clan association


sắm sửa

[sam˧˦ sɨə˧˩]

[ʂam˦˧˥ ʂɨə˧˨]

[sam˦˧˥ sɨə˧˨]

[ʂam˦˥ ʂɨə˨˩˦]

[sam˦˥ sɨə˨˩˦]

to make preparations (by purchasing something); to go shopping to get ready (for); to shop for


diện

Sino-Vietnamese word from 面.
See nhất for explanation of the initial.

(literary and colloquial) to dress up (in); to be well-dressed (in); to be decked out (in)


diện

Xã hiện có hơn 100 hộ thuộc diện nghèo.

The commune has more than 100 poor households.


lạc trôi

[laːk̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕoj˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ ʈoj˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ ʈoj˧˧]

From the 2017 song Lạc trôi, a compound of lạc (“to be lost”) + trôi (“to drift; to flow”).

(neologism, slang) to be lost; to lose one's direction; to be lost and adrift

float with the stream
float with the stream

(neologism, slang) to go with the flow; to float with the stream


nẳm

Word formation with distal denotation by adding hỏi tone to the root năm (“year”) in Southern Vietnamese and certain dialects of Thanh Hoá.

vi-etym-hoi

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) that year


thầm

nói thầm

in a quiet whispery, breathy, hushed voice

thầm nghĩ/nghĩ thầm

thầm mong

thầm/trộm nhớ

♀: Ngại ngùng người không nói ra, em chẳng thể nào hay biết.
Lập lờ như giấc mơ, chỉ thầm vui lúc anh bên em.

(Can we date this quote?), “Vẫn tin mình có nhau [Still Think We've Got Each Other]”:

♀: You're so shy, you haven't said it, I don't know how you really feel,
Everything's cloudy like a dream, the only time I'm happy for real is when you're with me.

(figurative, of thinking) in secret; secretly


bữa hổm

[ʔɓɨə˦ˀ˥ hom˧˩]

[ʔɓɨə˧˨ hom˧˨]

[ʔɓɨə˨˩˦ hom˨˩˦]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) that day (in the past); the other day; the day before


quá quắt

excessive (to the extent of being unbearable); exaggerated; intolerable


nóng vội

[nɔŋ˦˧˥ voj˨˩ʔ]


ve chai

[vɛ˧˧ t͡ɕaːj˧˧]

[vɛ˧˧ t͡ɕaːj˧˧]

[vɛ˧˧ caːj˧˧]

[jɛ˧˧ caːj˧˧]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) bottles; waste (in general); scrap; junk


rực rỡ

[zɨk̚˧˨ʔ zəː˦ˀ˥]

[ʐɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʐəː˧˨]

[ɹɨk̚˨˩˨ ɹəː˨˩˦]


khai thác

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˧˦]

[kʰaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˥]

[xaːj˧˧ tʰaːk̚˦˥]

to exploit (resources, etc.); to make use of; to harness


rỡ

head

吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦

rỡ • (吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦)

vi-adj

吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦

rỡ • (吕, 呂, 𢙲, 󰌕, 焒, 𠒦)


lưỡng lự

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ lɨ˧˨ʔ]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ lɨ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ lɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩 (“two”) and 慮 (“thought”).

vi-etym-sino

to hesitate; to be unable to make up one's mind


vòi vĩnh

[vɔj˨˩ vïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[vɔj˦˩ vɨn˧˨]

[vɔj˨˩ vɨn˨˩˦]

[jɔj˨˩ jɨn˨˩˦]

to ask for (money, presents, etc. incessantly); to clamour for


Hoa ngữ

[hwaː˧˧ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[hwaː˧˧ ŋɨ˧˨]

[waː˧˧ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

2018 February 14, “Lễ tình nhân Valentine - những phim Hoa ngữ không thể không xem”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

The must-watch Chinese-language films about Valentine's Day


hổm

Word formation with distal denotation by adding hỏi tone to the root hôm (“day”) in Southern Vietnamese and certain dialects of Thanh Hoá.


ngoan cố

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ kow˨˩˦]

[ŋwaːŋ˧˧ kow˦˥]


xịn

(colloquial) luxurious; fancy; posh; smart; slap-up


nam thanh nữ tú

[naːm˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥ tu˧˦]

[naːm˧˧ tʰɛɲ˧˧ nɨ˧˨ tʊw˨˩˦]

[naːm˧˧ tʰan˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦ tʊw˦˥]

Blend of nam (“male”) + nữ (“female”) + Chinese 清秀 (thanh tú, “delicate and pretty”)

der

(collective) young, healthy, robust people


cổ kính

[ko˧˩ kïŋ˧˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古 (“old”) and 敬 (“to respect”) or Sino-Vietnamese word from 古 (“old”) and 勁 (“vigour”).

vi-etym-sino

Mình rất thích nét cổ kính ở đây, rất hợp với áo dài và không khí Tết nữa.

2018 January 25, “Xúng xính áo dài đón Tết ở 'làng người Hoa'”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

I like the ancient style here a lot; it goes really well with áo dài and the Tết atmosphere.


dây chuyền

[zəj˧˧ t͡ɕwiən˨˩]

[jəj˧˧ t͡ɕwiəŋ˦˩]

[jəj˧˧ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

line (e.g. assembly line, production line); chain


ngoải

Word formation with distal denotation by adding hỏi tone to the root ngoài (“outside”) in Southern Vietnamese and certain dialects of Thanh Hoá.

vi-etym-hoi

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) that place outside; out there; outside


ngoải

Word formation with distal denotation by adding hỏi tone to the root ngoại (“maternal grandparent”) in Southern Vietnamese and certain dialects of Thanh Hoá.

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) she or he (referring to one's ông ngoại or bà ngoại)


quạu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be angry; to get mad


quạu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) irritable; cranky


đe dọa

Traditional tone placement spelling of đe doạ.


keo kiệt

[kɛw˧˧ kiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɛw˧˧ kiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɛw˧˧ kiək̚˨˩˨]


khá giả

[xaː˧˦ zaː˧˩]

[kʰaː˨˩˦ jaː˧˨]

[xaː˨˩˦ jaː˧˨]

[kʰaː˦˥ jaː˨˩˦]

[xaː˦˥ jaː˨˩˦]


lừa đảo

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[lɨə˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[lɨə˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


nhảy nhót

[ɲaj˧˩ ɲɔt̚˧˦]

[ɲaj˧˨ ɲɔk̚˦˧˥]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ɲɔk̚˦˥]

to jump up; to jump or dance happily; to jump for joy; to caper about


phác đồ

[faːk̚˧˦ ʔɗo˨˩]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗow˦˩]

[faːk̚˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩]

(medicine) (treatment) protocol; algorithm; regimen


trí khôn

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ kʰoŋ˧˧]

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ xoŋ˧˧]

[ʈɪj˦˥ kʰoŋ˧˧]

[ʈɪj˦˥ xoŋ˧˧]

trí (“wisdom; knowledge”) + khôn (“clever”).


ế ẩm

[ʔe˧˦ ʔəm˧˩]

[ʔej˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˨]

[ʔej˦˥ ʔəm˨˩˦]

selling poorly; unable to find customers; unmarketable


tạt

From Proto-Vietic *ʔa-saːc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *sac ~ *saac; cognate with tát (“to bail out”).

to splash into, to pour water (or other liquids) onto someone


thao tác

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˧˦]

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰaːw˧˧ taːk̚˦˥]


tình thương

[tïŋ˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tình thương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情傷, composed of 情 (“feeling”) and 傷 (“wound”).


doạ

to threaten (with); to intimidate; to menace (with)


màn ảnh

[maːn˨˩ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[maːŋ˦˩ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[maːŋ˨˩ ʔan˨˩˦]


thú nhận

[tʰu˧˦ ɲən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊw˦˥ ɲəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 首 (“to confess”) and 認 (“to acknowledge”).

to confess (one's guilt); to admit to; to own to; to acknowledge


âm tính

[ʔəm˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔəm˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔəm˧˧ tɨn˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm tính.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰性, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 性 (“-ness”).


ống kính

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˦ kïŋ˧˦]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˦˥ kɨn˦˥]


đe doạ

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ zwaː˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ jwaː˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɛ˧˧ j⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩˨]


điện đàm

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːm˦˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 電 (“electricity; telephone”) and 談 (“talk”).

Cuộc điện đàm diễn ra trong bối cảnh quan hệ hai nước tiếp tục phát triển thực chất, hiệu quả, trên cơ sở tôn trọng độc lập, chủ quyền, toàn vẹn lãnh thổ và thể chế chính trị của nhau, […]

2018 February 15, “Tổng thống Mỹ Donald Trump chúc Tết người Việt Nam”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

The telephone conversation is in the context of a bilateral relationship that is continuing to develop substantively, based on respect for each other's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and political system, […]

to speak to someone on the phone (often in a formal manner); to have a telephone conversation


mắt kính

[mat̚˧˦ kïŋ˧˦]

[mak̚˦˧˥ kɨn˦˧˥]

mắt + kính. Compare Chinese 目镜 (mùjìng) or English eyeglasses.


ngỏ

Mình có ngỏ ý tặng gấu bông thì bị bạn dỗi.

2018 February 14, “Lễ Tình nhân có phải dịp vòi vĩnh quà đắt giá?”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

I said to her I would give her a teddy, but she wasn't happy with it.


cói

chiếu cói

certain species in the family Cyperaceae, chiefly within the genus Cyperus


biểu diễn

[ʔɓiəw˧˩ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓiw˧˨ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓiw˨˩˦ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

to perform; to put on a performance; to demonstrate


chia tay

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ taj˧˧]

[t͡ɕiə˧˧ taj˧˧]

From chia (“to divide; to split”) + tay (“hands”). Compare Chinese 分手 (phân thủ).

com

to part ways (with); to say goodbye (to)

♂: Nói với anh đi em những câu anh cần nghe.
Đừng làm nỗi đau thêm dài nữa em !
Chỉ một câu thôi, dù lời chia tay cũng cho anh nghe !

(Can we date this quote?), Lương Bằng Quang (lyrics and music), “Đừng làm nỗi đau thêm dài [Don't Prolong the Agony]”:

♂: Tell me what I need to hear.
Don't prolong the agony, please!
Anything at all, even if it's that we're breaking up, let me hear it!

to end a romantic relationship (with); to break up (with); to separate (with); to split up (with)


rây

From Proto-Vietic *-reː (“sieve, to sift”), from Old Chinese 篩 (OC *sreːl, *srel, *sri) (SV: sư) or 釃 (OC *Cə.sre) (B-S) (SV: si).


giời leo

[zəːj˨˩ lɛw˧˧]

[jəːj˦˩ lɛw˧˧]

[jəːj˨˩ lɛw˧˧]


dương tính

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˧˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陽性, composed of 陽 (“yang”) and 性 (“-ness”).

vi-etym-sino

xét nghiệm HIV dương tính


hẹn gặp lại

[hɛn˧˨ʔ ɣap̚˧˨ʔ laːj˧˨ʔ]

[hɛŋ˨˩ʔ ɣap̚˨˩ʔ laːj˨˩ʔ]

[hɛŋ˨˩˨ ɣap̚˨˩˨ laːj˨˩˨]


Y Pha Nho

[ʔi˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

(obsolete) Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Xoài Riêng

[swaːj˦˩ ʐiəŋ˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩ ɹiəŋ˧˧]

Borrowed from Khmer ស្វាយរៀង (svaayriəng).


chớm

lúc chớm hạ

(literary, poetic) to start to; to begin to


đèn lồng

[ʔɗɛn˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗɛŋ˦˩ ləwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗɛŋ˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

đèn (“light”) + lồng (“cage”), a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燈籠 (SV: đăng lung).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đăng lung</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đèn lồng đỏ treo cao cao

Raise High the Red Lantern (a film by Zhang Yimou).


chỏm

tuft of hair on the shaven head of a young child


dâu tây

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)

[zəw˧˧ təj˧˧]

[jəw˧˧ təj˧˧]

[jəw˧˧ təj˧˧]


đen đủi

[ʔɗɛn˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˩]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˨]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]


Táo quân

[taːw˨˩˦ kwəŋ˧˧]

[taːw˦˥ wəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 灶君, composed of 灶 (“stove”) and 君 (“lord”), from Chinese 灶君 (zàojūn).


nhân viên

[ɲən˧˧ viən˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˧˧]


tượng trưng

[tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨŋ˧˧]


tượng trưng

[tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨŋ˧˧]


tượng trưng

[tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[tɨəŋ˨˩˨ ʈɨŋ˧˧]


áp lực

[ʔaːp̚˧˦ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

áp lực nước

áp lực công việc


áp lực

[ʔaːp̚˧˦ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːp̚˦˥ lɨk̚˨˩˨]


nhà trường

[ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʈɨəŋ˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʈɨəŋ˨˩]


Mậu Tuất

[məw˧˨ʔ twət̚˧˦]

[məw˨˩ʔ twək̚˦˧˥]

[məw˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

the 35th year of the sexagenary cycle; the year of the Dog


Pleiku

[pəː˨˩ ləj˧˧ ku˧˧]

[pəː˦˩ ləj˧˧ kʊw˧˧]

[pəː˨˩ ləj˧˧ kʊw˧˧]

Borrowed from Jarai Plơi Kơdưr (literally “northern or high village”); the spelling is adapted from earlier Plei-Kou-Derr, Plei Ku Der, used during the French colonial period.

bor

Pleiku (city in the central highland region of Vietnam)


lột xác

[lot̚˧˨ʔ saːk̚˧˦]

[lok̚˨˩ʔ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[lok̚˨˩˨ saːk̚˦˥]

lột (“to strip off, to slough”) + xác (“body, corpse”).

com

(of animals, especially insects) to moult (shed skin)


vừa lòng

[vɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[vɨə˦˩ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[vɨə˦˩ lɔŋ˦˩]

[vɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[jɨə˨˩ lawŋ͡m˨˩]


chiều chuộng

[t͡ɕiəw˨˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiw˦˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ciw˨˩ cuəŋ˨˩˨]

to pamper; to coddle; to please (out of love)


nới

(colloquial, of price) to decrease somewhat


戊戌

chữ Hán form of Mậu Tuất (“the 35th year of the sexagenary cycle; the year of the Dog”).


quẻ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 卦 (SV: quái).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quái</i>

vi-etym-sino

divinatory sign or symbol; lot; forecast (of the future)


tục tĩu

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tiw˦ˀ˥]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tiw˨˩˦]


nghỉ mát

[ŋi˧˩ maːt̚˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˨ maːk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˨˩˦ maːk̚˦˥]


đối đầu

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]


điều trần

[ʔɗiəw˨˩ t͡ɕən˨˩]

[ʔɗiw˦˩ ʈəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗiw˨˩ ʈəŋ˨˩]


phi hành đoàn

[fi˧˧ hajŋ̟˨˩ ʔɗwaːn˨˩]

[fɪj˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩]

[fɪj˧˧ han˨˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 飛行 (“to fly”) and 團 (“group”).


số hiệu

[ʂow˨˩˦ hiw˨˩ʔ]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-số hiệu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 數 (“number”) and 號 (“number”).

number (as in flight number, ship number, port number, etc.)


nhập cảnh

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kɛɲ˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kan˨˩˦]


gây rối

[ɣəj˧˧ zoj˧˦]

[ɣəj˧˧ ʐoj˨˩˦]

[ɣəj˧˧ ɹoj˦˥]


danh bạ

[zajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˨ʔ]

[jɛɲ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩ʔ]

[jan˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 名簿 (“register”).


thi công

[tʰi˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thi công.wav

(construction) to construct or repair a building or infrastructure facility


phúc lợi

[fʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ləːj˨˩˨]

phúc lợi xã hội


lăng mạ

[laŋ˧˧ maː˧˨ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ maː˨˩ʔ]

[laŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˨]

(literary) to revile; to abuse; to insult


phòng không

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fɔŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

tên lửa phòng không

to take precautions in defence of an air attack from the enemy


dung thứ

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˧˦]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˨˩˦]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨ˦˥]


hung hăng

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ haŋ˧˧]


phát ngôn viên

[faːt̚˧˦ ŋon˧˧ viən˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˧˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ viəŋ˧˧]

[faːk̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 發言 (“to speak out”) and 員 (“person”).


tri ân

[t͡ɕi˧˧ ʔən˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ ʔəŋ˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ ʔəŋ˧˧]

Ngày Nhà giáo Việt Nam là ngày học sinh tri ân thầy cô.

Teacher's Day is when students pay tribute to their teachers.

to show gratitude or appreciation (to someone)#English


mặc dầu

[mak̚˧˨ʔ zəw˨˩]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ jəw˦˩]

[mak̚˨˩˨ jəw˨˩]

Alternative form of mặc dù (“although; though”)


xô đẩy

[so˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˩]

[sow˧˧ ʔɗəj˧˨]

[sow˧˧ ʔɗəj˨˩˦]


đồng hương

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]


đồng hương

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ hɨəŋ˧˧]

person from the same hometown; fellow countryman, townsman, etc.


xuất cảnh

[swət̚˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ kɛɲ˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ kan˨˩˦]


lôông

lôông cơn

North Central Vietnam form of trồng (“to plant”)


gùi

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𩲡 (CJK)

basket made of rattan or bamboo, used in mountainous regions to carry things on the back


bạ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 簿. An early Sino-Vietnamese (ESV) reading; the more regular one being bộ instead.

(only in compounds) register; roll; record


xỏ

head

搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍

xỏ • (搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍)

vi-verb

搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍

xỏ • (搝, 擻, 𢯧, 𢹧, 𥩍)

From Proto-Vietic *tʃɔh (“to thread, to sting, to skewer”).


mẫu vật

[məw˦ˀ˥ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[məw˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[məw˨˩˦ vək̚˨˩˨]

[məw˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]


rừng ngập mặn

[zɨŋ˨˩ ŋəp̚˧˨ʔ man˧˨ʔ]

[ʐɨŋ˦˩ ŋəp̚˨˩ʔ maŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ɹɨŋ˨˩ ŋəp̚˨˩˨ maŋ˨˩˨]

rừng (“forest”) + ngập (“be flooded”) + mặn (“salty”).


nghiệt ngã

[ŋiət̚˧˨ʔ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[ŋiək̚˨˩ʔ ŋaː˧˨]

[ŋiək̚˨˩˨ ŋaː˨˩˦]


khắt khe

[xat̚˧˦ xɛ˧˧]

[kʰak̚˦˧˥ kʰɛ˧˧]

[xak̚˦˧˥ xɛ˧˧]

[kʰak̚˦˥ kʰɛ˧˧]

[xak̚˦˥ xɛ˧˧]


rơi rụng

[zəːj˧˧ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəːj˧˧ ʐʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəːj˧˧ ɹʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


lạy

→ Tai Dam: ꪼꪩ꫁

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 禮 (SV: lễ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lễ</i>


bùi ngùi

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ŋuj˨˩]

[ʔɓuj˦˩ ŋuj˦˩]

[ʔɓuj˨˩ ŋuj˨˩]


xúc xắc

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sak̚˦˧˥]


thương xót

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔt̚˧˦]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ sɔk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thương xót.wav


đàm phán

[ʔɗaːm˨˩ faːn˧˦]

[ʔɗaːm˦˩ faːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːm˨˩ faːŋ˦˥]


khô khan

[kʰow˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰow˧˧ kʰaːŋ˧˧]

bài giảng khô khan

(by extension) bland; dull; uninteresting


súc sắc

[ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʂak̚˦˥]

(games) a die (polyhedron used in games of chance)


chăm lo

[t͡ɕam˧˧ lɔ˧˧]

[t͡ɕam˧˧ lɔ˧˧]


thương lượng

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]


giây lát

[zəj˧˧ laːt̚˧˦]

[jəj˧˧ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˧˧ laːk̚˦˥]


triều đại

[t͡ɕiəw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʈiw˦˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʈiw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨]


nhí

ca sĩ nhí

diễn viên nhí

(modifying words for occupations, usually humorous) infantile; childish


lỏng lẻo

[lɔŋ˧˨ lɛw˧˨]

[lawŋ͡m˨˩˦ lɛw˨˩˦]


phây

head

phây • (沛) (diminutive reduplication phây phây)

沛 (CJK)
phây phây (diminutive reduplication)


phây

Alternative letter-case form of Phây (“Facebook”)


phương hướng

[fɨəŋ˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˦]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[fɨəŋ˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˥]


thích đáng

[tʰïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɗaːŋ˧˦]

[tʰɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰɨt̚˦˥ ʔɗaːŋ˦˥]


bãi công

[ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːj˧˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]


chúc mừng

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ mɨŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ mɨŋ˦˩]

[cʊwk͡p̚˦˥ mɨŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chúc mừng.wav

From chúc (“to wish; to congratulate”) + mừng (“glad; to congratulate”).

com

Chúc mừng năm mới!

chúc mừng thắng lợi


sở tại

[səː˧˩ taːj˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəː˧˨ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[səː˧˨ taːj˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ taːj˨˩˨]

[səː˨˩˦ taːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 所在, composed of 所 (“that which is...”) and 在 (“present”).

vi-etym-sino

chính quyền sở tại


hội thảo

[hoj˨˩˨ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 會 (“to meet; meeting”) and 討 (“to discuss”).

hội thảo kinh tế

a formal meeting where important topics are discussed; a conference, convention, forum, seminar, workshop, etc.


độc thân

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ tʰən˧˧]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ tʰəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-độc thân.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨身, composed of 獨 (“lone”) and 身 (“body”).


tán thành

[taːn˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[taːŋ˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[taːŋ˦˥ tʰan˨˩]


học hành

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hɛɲ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 學 (“to learn”) and 行 (“to do”).

to learn or study thoroughly, without forgetting to apply theory to practice

Học hành chẳng đâu vào đâu!

(literally, “[The way] you're doing your schoolwork is terrible!”)


ảo ảnh

[ʔaːw˧˩ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔaːw˧˨ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔaːw˨˩˦ ʔan˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 幻影 (SV: huyễn ảnh)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">huyễn ảnh</i>


cảnh sắc

[kɛɲ˧˨ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[kɛɲ˧˨ sak̚˦˧˥]

[kan˨˩˦ ʂak̚˦˥]

(often literary) landscape; scenery; view


xuất nhập khẩu

[swət̚˧˦ ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ xəw˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ kʰəw˧˨]

[swək̚˦˧˥ ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ xəw˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ɲəp̚˨˩˨ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ ɲəp̚˨˩˨ xəw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xuất nhập khẩu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出入口; blend of xuất khẩu + nhập khẩu.


thi sĩ

[tʰi˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詩 (“poetry”) and 士 (“scholar”).


quan niệm

[kwaːŋ˧˧ niəm˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ nim˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 觀念, Japanese 観念 (kannen).

a notion, an understanding, or a way of thinking


bản tính

[ʔɓaːn˧˩ tïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˧˨ tɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩˦ tɨn˦˥]


xuất khẩu

[swət̚˧˦ xəw˧˩]

[swək̚˦˧˥ kʰəw˧˨]

[swək̚˦˧˥ xəw˧˨]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ xəw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xuất khẩu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出口, Chinese 出口 (chūkǒu), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 出口 (deguchi)


ngoại quốc

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ kuək̚˧˦]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ wək̚˦˥]


ăn cướp

[ʔan˧˧ kɨəp̚˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˥]


ăn cướp

[ʔan˧˧ kɨəp̚˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɨəp̚˦˥]


Phây

Clipping of Phây-búc, phonetic rendering of English Facebook.

Tuyển thủ U23 Việt Nam chia sẻ gì trên "Phây" sau trận chung kết

2018 January 29, Việt Anh, “Tuyển thủ U23 Việt Nam chia sẻ gì trên ‘Phây’ sau trận chung kết”, in VietTimes:

What the Vietnam Under-23 Team members have shared on Facebook after the final

Nếu có chút kinh nghiệm về Facebook, cha mẹ sẽ có những lời khuyên hữu ích với các con, thậm chí chỉ cần tinh ý cha mẹ sẽ biết được con đang sa đà quá mức, có dấu hiệu trầm cảm vì nghiện “phây” để có biện pháp hỗ trợ kịp thời.

2018 February 9, Thanh Mai, “Cha mẹ hãy giỏi Facebook để định hướng cho con trẻ”, in Dân trí:

If parents already have a bit of experience with Facebook, then they can give good advice to their children (regarding Facebook use). Or, even by just being observant, parents can tell if their children have been using it too much or are showing signs of depression due to Facebook addiction, and intervene in time as a consequence.

Từ ngày có công nghệ, nàng cũng lập “phây” rồi kết bạn bốn phương trời, chả cần biết lạ hay quen là cứ “ét” hết. Thêm vào đó là cái thú chụp ảnh đăng phây.

2018 February 14, Đình Huy, “Suýt cho cả làng xem phim nóng vì ‘livestream’”, in Gia đình, archived from the original on 2018-02-16:

She set up her Facebook account ever since the day of getting the new phone, and has been friending people from all places. Regardless of whether she knows them well or not, she adds (‘ét’) them all. Besides this, she also loves to take photos and post them on Facebook.

Tự Long sau khi bày biện ban^([sic]) thờ thì chụp ảnh "cúng phây" và cho biết "Tết dù mệt nhưng vẫn thích".

2018 February 15, Phi Yến, “Xuân Bắc, Tự Long, Quang Dũng, Hương Tràm bày biện nhà cửa đón xuân”, in Dân Việt:

After cleaning the worship altar, Tự Long also took some photos to “offer to Facebook”, commenting that “although tiring, Tết was fun”.


Tây Nguyên

[təj˧˧ ŋwiən˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西原, composed of 西 (“west”) and 原 (“field”), equivalent to a blend of tây (“west”) + cao nguyên (“highland”).

blend

Central Highlands (a region in Southwestern Central Vietnam)


mả

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墓 (“tomb”, SV: mộ). Also compare mồ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mộ</i>


mòng biển

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[mawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[mɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

mòng (“fly in the Tabanidae family”) + biển (“sea”).


thần thánh

[tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神聖, composed of 神 (“god; divine”) and 聖 (“sage; saint; holy; sacred”).

vi-etym-sino

Thần thánh phương nào?

(collective, mythology, religion) heavenly beings


thần thánh

[tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Đế quốc La Mã/Rô-ma Thần thánh


người Thượng

[ŋɨəj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨj˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨj˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]

người (“person”) + thượng (“up; high(land)”, 上).

com

(chiefly historical) indigenous person from the Central Highlands of Vietnam; highlander; Degar; Montagnard


chỉ huy

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ hwɪj˧˧]

[cɪj˨˩˦ wɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 指揮 (“to conduct”).


chỉ huy

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ hwɪj˧˧]

[cɪj˨˩˦ wɪj˧˧]


khách khứa

[xajk̟̚˧˦ xɨə˧˦]

[kʰat̚˦˧˥ kʰɨə˨˩˦]

[xat̚˦˧˥ xɨə˨˩˦]

[kʰat̚˦˥ kʰɨə˦˥]

[xat̚˦˥ xɨə˦˥]

Unclear relationship with the now possibly obsolete khách thứa, attested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum and Nôm poetry (such as of Nguyễn Trãi, where it was spelled 客次 (MC khaek tshijH) (SV: khách thứ)).
khách khứa might simply be a development from khách thứa, motivated by the tendency of bisyllabic compounds (with at least one fossilized element) in Vietnamese to resemble actual reduplicatives.


khựa

Possibly from Mandarin 客 (kè, “guest”) (SV: khách), a dated exonym for ethnic Chinese in Vietnam. See khách and Hẹ.

(neologism, slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) Chinese


Phây-búc

[fəj˧˧ ʔɓʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[fəj˧˧ ʔɓʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[fəj˧˧ ʔɓʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


móp

Đã thấy nhiều cây cỏ lạ: chà là, sơn, móp, măng cụt, sầu riêng, vú sữa…

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 9, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

He saw many strange plants: date, wax tree, Lasia spinosa, mangosteen, durian, star apple…


khứa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鋸 (“saw; to saw off”, SV: cứ). Related to cứa, cưa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cứ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to cut little by little; to saw off


khứa

(Southern Vietnam) cut; slice; piece from cutting


khứa

(archaic, Southern Vietnam) moderate; fair; average

(archaic, Southern Vietnam) a lot of; much; considerable


khứa

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, derogatory) he; that bloke


thần thái

[tʰən˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥]

Quan trọng là thần thái.

What is important (when you do something) is your appearance / expressions on your face. (slang)


Hồng học

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

redology (The study of the novel Dream of the Red Chamber)


cà phê trứng

[kaː˨˩ fe˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ ʈɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ ʈɨŋ˦˥]


Nhà Lê

Alternative letter-case form of nhà Lê (“Lê dynasty”)


kéo co

[kɛw˧˦ kɔ˧˧]

[kɛw˨˩˦ kɔ˧˧]

[kɛw˦˥ kɔ˧˧]


sa ngã

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

[saː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]


đìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 池 (“pond”, SV: trì).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trì</i>


đìa

(colloquial) numerous; over head and ears (in debt)


máu cam

From máu (“blood”) + cam (“infantile malnutrition”, 疳).


a dua

[ʔaː˧˧ zuə˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ juə˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ juə˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 阿諛 (“to flatter; to butter up”, SV: a du).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">a du</i>

vi-etym-sino

Analects, XIII.23; 1972, Vietnamese translation & annotations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Confucius said: “The noble person acts harmoniously yet is not conformist; the petty person is conformist yet does not act harmoniously.”

- Khổng tử nói: “Người quân tử hoà hợp nhưng không a dua, kẻ tiểu nhân a dua mà không hoà hợp.”

to ape; to blindly imitate (something bad or wrong from others)


buồn nôn

[ʔɓuən˨˩ non˧˧]

[ʔɓuəŋ˦˩ noŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓuəŋ˨˩ noŋ˧˧]


thẹn

head

善, 𠾺, 𫅡, 𢢆, 𪭇

vi-verb

善, 𠾺, 𫅡, 𢢆, 𪭇


tào phớ

[taːw˨˩ fəː˧˦]

[taːw˦˩ fəː˨˩˦]

[taːw˨˩ fəː˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 豆腐 (“tofu”, SV: đậu hủ). Doublet of đậu hủ, đậu phụ, and tàu hủ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đậu hủ</i>


kén chọn

[kɛn˧˦ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˥ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


kén chọn

[kɛn˧˦ t͡ɕɔn˧˨ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kɛŋ˦˥ cɔŋ˨˩˨]


nhỡ

(colloquial) to miss (an opportunity, etc.; often something not as important as those used with lỡ)


nhỡ

if (an unlikely event happens); if by chance


tròng

From Proto-Vietic *p-lɔːŋ (“iris, pupil”).

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩]


tròng

Probably originally an affixed form of the root that gave rise to trong (“inside; in”).

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩]

a snare (typically on a long, metal pole)


tròng

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩]

tròng chân vào quần

to put on the trousers (lit. to put one's legs into the trousers)


ghim

mũi (classifier)
cái (classifier)
金 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle; pin”, SV: châm). Doublet of kim.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">châm</i>


ghim

Synonym of găm (“to keep (in one's mind); to guard”)


xà cừ

[saː˨˩ kɨ˨˩]

[saː˦˩ kɨ˦˩]

[saː˨˩ kɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 硨磲 (“giant clam”)

Khaya senegalensis
Khaya senegalensis#Translingual


xà cừ

[saː˨˩ kɨ˨˩]

[saː˦˩ kɨ˦˩]

[saː˨˩ kɨ˨˩]


心性

chữ Hán form of tâm tính (“personal character; disposition”).


goá bụa

[ɣwaː˧˦ ʔɓuə˧˨ʔ]

[ɣwaː˨˩˦ ʔɓuə˨˩ʔ]

[ɣwaː˦˥ ʔɓuə˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 寡婦 (“widow”, SV: quả phụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quả phụ</i>


nẻ

head

nẻ • (你, 儞, 尔, 𦕗)

vi-verb

nẻ • (你, 儞, 尔, 𦕗)

From Proto-Vietic *ɗɛh; cognate with Muong đé.


lặt

Attested as mlặt, lặt, nhạt, mnhạt in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
From Proto-Vietic *m-ləc. Cognate with Arem alɪc.

lặt lá mai đón Tết

to pluck the leaves of the mai tree to prepare for the blossom during New Year

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to pluck off

bò lặt


rủng rỉnh

head

rủng rỉnh (‑a reduplication rủng ra rủng rỉnh)

[zʊwŋ͡m˧˩ zïŋ˧˩]

[ʐʊwŋ͡m˧˨ ʐɨn˧˨]

[ɹʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ɹɨn˨˩˦]

clinking (with plenty of money); jingling of coins; abundant (usually of money)


câu giờ

[kəw˧˧ zəː˨˩]

[kəw˧˧ jəː˦˩]

[kəw˧˧ jəː˨˩]

câu (“to fish with a rod”) + giờ (“time”).

compound

run out the clock
run out the clock#English

(figurative) to buy time, to run out the clock


hùng hùng hổ hổ

[hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ho˧˩ ho˧˩]

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˩ hʊwŋ͡m˦˩ how˧˨ how˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩ how˨˩˦ how˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熊熊虎虎 (literally “bear-bear-tiger-tiger”); an AABB-type reduplication of hùng hổ.


giờ dây thun

[zəː˨˩ zəj˧˧ tʰun˧˧]

[jəː˦˩ jəj˧˧ tʰun˧˧]

[jəː˨˩ jəj˧˧ tʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

From giờ (“time”) + dây thun (“rubber band”), literally “rubber band time” (i.e. flexible time). Compare Indonesian jam karet (literally “rubber time”).

cog

xài giờ dây thun

(figurative, slang) being late (for an occasion); arriving late; not being punctual


dây thun

[jəj˧˧ tʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


gọn nhẹ

[ɣɔn˧˨ʔ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩ʔ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ɣɔŋ˨˩˨ ɲɛ˨˩˨]


chuyên mục

[t͡ɕwiən˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 專 (“special”) and 目 (“item”).


tàn phá

[taːŋ˦˩ faː˨˩˦]

[taːŋ˨˩ faː˦˥]

(of infrastructures) to be destroyed completely


hung dữ

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zɨ˦ˀ˥]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨ˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨ˨˩˦]


sung túc

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʂʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

well-to-do; well-off; having abundant resources


cầu cứu

[kəw˦˩ kɨw˨˩˦]

[kəw˨˩ kɨw˦˥]


giải cứu

[jaːj˧˨ kɨw˨˩˦]

[jaːj˨˩˦ kɨw˦˥]


trắng trẻo

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˦ t͡ɕɛw˧˩]

[ʈaŋ˦˧˥ ʈɛw˧˨]

[ʈaŋ˦˥ ʈɛw˨˩˦]


lãng nhách

[laːŋ˦ˀ˥ ɲajk̟̚˧˦]

[laːŋ˧˨ ɲat̚˦˧˥]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ ɲat̚˦˥]

chuyện lãng nhách/xẹt

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) frivolous or ridiculous


cầu an

[kəw˨˩ ʔaːn˧˧]

[kəw˦˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[kəw˨˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 苟安 (SV: cẩu an), influenced by cầu (求, “to seek”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cẩu an</i>

vi-etym-sino

to be quiet-seeking; to long for a quiet life

...được thực hành rộng rãi ở mọi tông phái khác nhau của Phật giáo trong các thời lễ nhằm cầu an...

...widely practiced in every different sect of Buddhism during ceremonies to pray for peace...


lãng xẹt

[laːŋ˦ˀ˥ sɛt̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˧˨ sɛt̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˨˩˦ sɛk̚˨˩˨]

(Southern Vietnam, colloquial) Synonym of lãng nhách


sưu tầm

[ʂɨw˧˧ təm˦˩]

[sɨw˧˧ təm˦˩]

[ʂɨw˧˧ təm˨˩]

[sɨw˧˧ təm˨˩]

nhà sưu tầm

to collect; to search for; to look for (in a systematic way)


đương sự

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩˨]

(often law) the person concerned; the interested party


dí dỏm

[jɪj˨˩˦ jɔm˧˨]

[jɪj˦˥ jɔm˨˩˦]


đồng cảm

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kaːm˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ kaːm˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kaːm˨˩˦]

to sympathise (with); to identify (with)


thân thiện

[tʰən˧˧ tʰiən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ tʰiəŋ˨˩˨]

thân thiện với môi trường


cơ sở hạ tầng

A COntribution to the Critique of Political Economy

[kəː˧˧ səː˧˩ haː˧˨ʔ təŋ˨˩]

[kəː˧˧ ʂəː˧˨ haː˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩]

[kəː˧˧ səː˧˨ haː˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩]

[kəː˧˧ ʂəː˨˩˦ haː˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩]

[kəː˧˧ səː˨˩˦ haː˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩]

cơ sở (“foundation; base; basis”) + 下 (hạ, “lower; below”) + tầng (“level”).


địa lí

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-địa lí.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地理, composed of 地 (“earth”) and 理 (“workings”). Compare vật lí (“physics”, literally “workings of things”), tâm lí (“psychology”, literally “workings of the mind”) and sinh lí (“physiology”, literally “workings of life”).

vị trí địa lý

trên thông thiên văn, dưới tường địa lí

(literally, “to be an expert in both astronomy and geography”)


dở dở ương ương

head

dở dở ương ương

vi-adj

dở dở ương ương

[zəː˧˩ zəː˧˩ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[jəː˧˨ jəː˧˨ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[jəː˨˩˦ jəː˨˩˦ ʔɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Reduplication of dở (“unfinished”) + ương (“not yet ripe”).

in an intermediate or undetermined stage; in-between; (of a person) not very smart, but not entirely stupid either; half-witted


mắc cỡ

[mak̚˧˦ kəː˦ˀ˥]

[mak̚˦˧˥ kəː˧˨]

[mak̚˦˥ kəː˨˩˦]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) shy; bashful


mắc cỡ

[mak̚˧˦ kəː˦ˀ˥]

[mak̚˦˧˥ kəː˧˨]

[mak̚˦˥ kəː˨˩˦]

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) touch-me-not; shy plant (Mimosa pudica)


phong tục tập quán

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ təp̚˧˨ʔ kwaːn˧˦]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ təp̚˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ təp̚˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ təp̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]


大日本帝國

Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc
Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of Đại Nhật Bản Đế quốc (“Empire of Japan”).


điểm danh

[ʔɗiəm˧˩ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗiəm˧˨ jɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗim˨˩˦ jan˧˧]

to name someone (who satisfies certain criteria); to refer by name


tiếp thu

[tiəp̚˧˦ tʰu˧˧]

[tiəp̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

[tip̚˦˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 接受 (“to receive; to accept”, SV: tiếp thụ), under the influence of thu (收, “to receive”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiếp thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

(rare) to receive (something given by others)

to accept (criticism, feedback, etc.); to take in

(of an organism) to acquire (features after birth from the environment)


khẩn cấp

[xən˧˩ kəp̚˧˦]

[kʰəŋ˧˨ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[xəŋ˧˨ kəp̚˦˧˥]

[kʰəŋ˨˩˦ kəp̚˦˥]

[xəŋ˨˩˦ kəp̚˦˥]

nút nhấn khẩn cấp


cồng kềnh

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəjŋ̟˨˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəːn˨˩]


muống

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːŋʔ (“water spinach (Ipomoea)”); cognate with Muong bỏng. Compare also Thai บุ้ง (bûng).

inh

Short for rau muống (“water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)”).

(Northern Vietnam) funnel (from the resemblance in shape to the plant's flower)


mường

Borrowed from a Tai language. Compare Mường, Muong mường (“Mường; village; mountain village”), Lao ເມືອງ (mư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧂ (moeng), ᨾᩮᩥ᩠ᨦ, Shan မိူင်း (móeng), Tai Dam ꪹꪣꪉ (mứang), Thai เมือง (mʉʉang).

cog

mountain village of ethnic minorities in Northern Vietnam


khua

Bà lão mù đang khua gậy dò đường

The blind old lady is waving her white cane to scan the way

repeatedly moving hands or long items from side to side


目的論

chữ Hán form of mục đích luận (“teleology”).


xa xưa

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]

[saː˧˧ sɨə˧˧]


phóng sự

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 訪 (“to visit; to interview”) and 事 (“event; occurrence”).

vi-etym-sino

(journalism, literature, television, radio) an editorial


ngoại tình

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩]


vếu

(slang, euphemistic) Eye dialect spelling of vú (“breast”)


thực dụng

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ zʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


外情

chữ Hán form of ngoại tình (“love affair; adultery”).


thoải

head

thoải • (𢗷, 𫤓) (diminutive reduplication thoai thoải)

𢗷 (CJK)
𫤓 (CJK)
thoai thoải (diminutive reduplication)

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˦]


giao phối

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-giao phối.wav


vòng tránh thai

[vawŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˦ tʰaːj˧˧]

[vawŋ͡m˦˩ ʈɛɲ˦˧˥ tʰaːj˧˧]

[vɔŋ˦˩ ʈɛɲ˦˧˥ tʰaːj˧˧]

[vawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈan˦˥ tʰaːj˧˧]

[jawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈan˦˥ tʰaːj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vòng tránh thai.wav

vòng (“ring”) + tránh (“to avoid”) + thai (“pregnancy”).

com

đặt vòng (tránh thai)


chuồn

to blow (to leave), to decamp, to get out, to escape


chuồn

弹󱎣朗浪赧希扒𧋃

The kids held their breath, trying to silently catch the dragonflies.


cô đơn

[ko˧˧ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[kow˧˧ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cô đơn.wav

Yêu xa khó lắm,
Yêu xa nhớ lắm,
Yêu xa cô đơn nhiều lắm;
Mong đến ngày gặp nhau,
Dẫu cách trở bao lâu.

2016, “Gửi Anh Xa Nhớ”, Tiên Cookie (music), performed by Bích Phương:

Far away... it's so difficult,
Far away... I miss you so,
Far away... I'm so lonely;
I'm longing for that day we reunite,
No matter how long, how far.


da diết

[zaː˧˧ ziət̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˧ jiək̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ jiək̚˦˥]

(literary, of emotion, feeling, etc.) tormenting; deep and persistent; passionate


ghẹo

head

嘺, 憍, 撟, 咬, 挑

vi-verb

嘺, 憍, 撟, 咬, 挑


vụ kiện

[vu˧˨ʔ kiən˧˨ʔ]

[vʊw˨˩ʔ kiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vʊw˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨]

[jʊw˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨]

vụ (classifier for cases) + kiện (“to sue”).

com

vụ kiện chống độc quyền


liên hoan

buổi (classifier)
bữa (classifier)
cuộc (classifier)

[liəŋ˧˧ hwaːŋ˧˧]

[liəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

tiệc liên hoan cuối năm

celebration party; celebration; festival


giậu

head

梄, 𥭛, 笤, 簉, 𥴙

vi-noun

梄, 𥭛, 笤, 簉, 𥴙


ưu tú

[ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔɨw˧˧ tʊw˦˥]


quá giang

[kwaː˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[kwaː˨˩˦ jaːŋ˧˧]

[waː˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 過江 (“to cross a river”). See also quá độ.

vi-etym-sino

(Southern Vietnam) to cross a body of water by boat

(by extension, Southern Vietnam) to hitchhike


trăng tròn

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɔn˨˩]

[ʈaŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˦˩]

[ʈaŋ˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩]


lưu hành

[lɨw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

lưu hành loại tiền mới


trì hoãn

[t͡ɕi˨˩ hwaːn˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɪj˦˩ hwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʈɪj˨˩ waːŋ˨˩˦]

chuyến bay bị trì hoãn


bất hợp pháp

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ həːp̚˧˨ʔ faːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ həːp̚˨˩ʔ faːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ həːp̚˨˩˨ faːp̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不合法, composed of 不 (“not”) and 合法 (“legal”).


trăng non

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˧ nɔn˧˧]

[ʈaŋ˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

[ʈaŋ˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

Nghìn năm rủ rỉ bên gốc cây đa.
Cuội ơi, em hỏi, trăng non hay già ?

(Can we date this quote?), Phạm Đăng Khương (lyrics and music), “Vầng trăng cổ tích”, in A Moon from Fairy Tales:

Chatting under the banyan tree, for millennia.
Answer me this, Cuội, is the moon young or old?


rộn rịp

[ʐoŋ˨˩ʔ ʐip̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹoŋ˨˩˨ ɹip̚˨˩˨]

1939: Ngô Tất Tố, Lều chõng
(Chapter 1) Gần nửa tháng rồi, trong làng Văn khoa, lúc nào cũng náo nức, rộn rịp như sắp kéo hội.
For nearly half a month, in the village of Văn khoa, it's have been full of excitement and bustle, as was about to start a festival.


bét

be the last, or the worst (at something)


bét

From Proto-Vietic *k-pɛːt. Compare Proto-Katuic *kpiat (whence Pacoh capeat).


bét

Likely from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Chinese 八 (MC peat).

(probably obsolete, chiefly pig traders' cant) eight

probably obsolete; chiefly pig traders' cant; probably obsolete; chiefly pig traders' cant


bẹt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 癟 (SV: biết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biết</i>

vi-etym-sino

cá trê đầu bẹt


đi-ốp

[ʔɗi˧˧ ʔop̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔop̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʔop̚˦˥]

From French dioptre. Compare French dioptrie.


động trời

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

chuyện động trời


nhiệt giai

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˧]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˧]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ jaːj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熱 (“heat”) and 階 (“rank”)

nhiệt giai Kenvin


sũng

head

sũng • (𬉎) (diminutive reduplication sùng sũng)

𬉎 (CJK)
sùng sũng (diminutive reduplication)


xẹp lép

[sɛp̚˧˨ʔ lɛp̚˧˦]

[sɛp̚˨˩ʔ lɛp̚˦˧˥]

[sɛp̚˨˩˨ lɛp̚˦˥]

Bánh xe này xẹp lép.


chó vàng

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ vaːŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ vaːŋ˦˩]

[cɔ˦˥ vaːŋ˨˩]

[cɔ˦˥ jaːŋ˨˩]

(slang, derogatory) (beige-uniformed) traffic policeman


quỳ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 跪 (“to kneel”, SV: quỵ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quỵ</i>


nháy

nháy đèn

nháy mắt

Làm nháy không em?


rồ

to go mad, to go crazy, to become insane


rồ

rồ máy


齊天大聖

Tề Thiên Đại Thánh
Tề Thiên Đại Thánh#Vietnamese


hòa đồng

Traditional tone placement spelling of hoà đồng.


rụt rè

[zut̚˧˨ʔ zɛ˨˩]

[ʐʊk̚˨˩ʔ ʐɛ˦˩]

[ɹʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɹɛ˨˩]


lan can

[laːŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]


khuyết điểm

[xwiət̚˧˦ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[kʰwiək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[xwiək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[kʰwiək̚˦˥ ʔɗim˨˩˦]

[xwiək̚˦˥ ʔɗim˨˩˦]


ưu điểm

[ʔiw˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[ʔɨw˧˧ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[ʔɨw˧˧ ʔɗim˨˩˦]


nóng tính

[nawŋ͡m˧˦ tïŋ˧˦]

[nawŋ͡m˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]

[nɔŋ˦˧˥ tɨn˦˧˥]


hoà đồng

[hwaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[hwaː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[waː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和 (“harmonious”) and 同 (“same”).


tụ họp

[tu˧˨ʔ hɔp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ hɔp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊw˨˩˨ hɔp̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 聚合 (SV: tụ hợp).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tụ hợp</i>


nhược điểm

[ɲɨək̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗiəm˧˩]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗiəm˧˨]

[ɲɨək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗim˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弱點, composed of 弱 (“weak”) and 點 (“point”).


đi ngoài

[ʔɗi˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ŋwaːj˦˩]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đi ngoài.wav

đi ngoài ra nước
to go to the bathroom and pass loose stools, i.e. to have diarrhoea
[Note: this may be a pun on đi ra nước ngoài (“to go abroad”)]

(euphemistic) to do number two; to relieve oneself; to move one's bowels


nhập ngũ

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ ŋu˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ ŋʊw˧˨]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ ŋʊw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhập ngũ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 入伍, composed of 入 (“to enter”) and 伍 (“squad of five”).


hấp tấp

head

hấp tấp (‑a reduplication hấp ta hấp tấp)

[həp̚˧˦ təp̚˧˦]

[həp̚˦˧˥ təp̚˦˧˥]

[həp̚˦˥ təp̚˦˥]


lạc quan

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˧˧]


luộm thuộm

luộm thuộm (‑a reduplication luộm thà luộm thuộm or luộm thuộm là thà)

[luəm˧˨ʔ tʰuəm˧˨ʔ]

[luəm˨˩ʔ tʰuəm˨˩ʔ]

[luəm˨˩˨ tʰuəm˨˩˨]


chừng mực

[t͡ɕɨŋ˨˩ mɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɨŋ˦˩ mɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[cɨŋ˨˩ mɨk̚˨˩˨]


ngưỡng mộ

[ŋɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ mo˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɨəŋ˧˨ mow˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɨəŋ˨˩˦ mow˨˩˨]


thân mật

[tʰən˧˧ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mək̚˨˩˨]


hoài bão

[hwaːj˨˩ ʔɓaːw˦ˀ˥]

[hwaːj˦˩ ʔɓaːw˧˨]

[waːj˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]


xúc động

[sʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


trầm trọng

[t͡ɕəm˨˩ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[ʈəm˦˩ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəm˦˩ ʈɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈəm˨˩ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

bị mất ngủ trầm trọng


cởi mở

[kəːj˧˩ məː˧˩]

[kəːj˧˨ məː˧˨]

[kəːj˨˩˦ məː˨˩˦]


cởi mở

[kəːj˧˩ məː˧˩]

[kəːj˧˨ məː˧˨]

[kəːj˨˩˦ məː˨˩˦]

open; open-hearted; open-minded; friendly


xấu bụng

[səw˧˦ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]

[səw˨˩˦ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ]

[səw˦˥ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


an toàn là trên hết

[ʔaːn˧˧ twaːn˨˩ laː˨˩ t͡ɕen˧˧ het̚˧˦]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ twaːŋ˦˩ laː˦˩ ʈen˧˧ het̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ laː˨˩ ʈəːn˧˧ həːt̚˦˥]


đua tranh

[ʔɗuə˧˧ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʈɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗuə˧˧ ʈan˧˧]

to compete (fiercely); to contend (with)


tính nết

[tïŋ˧˦ net̚˧˦]

[tɨn˦˧˥ net̚˦˧˥]

[tɨn˦˥ nəːt̚˦˥]


đụng chạm

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ t͡ɕaːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨ caːm˨˩˨]

to bump (against each other); to collide (with); to touch

to clash (with each other); to have a minor conflict (with)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of động chạm (“to touch upon; to harm”)


khoan dung

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


ăn uống

[ʔan˧˧ ʔuəŋ˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔuəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔuəŋ˦˥]

to consume foods and drinks (generally speaking)


bất cẩn

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ kən˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ kəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ kəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不謹, composed of 不 (“not”) and 謹 (“cautious”).

vi-etym-sino

sự bất cẩn


hoạt ngôn

[hwaːt̚˧˨ʔ ŋon˧˧]

[hwaːk̚˨˩ʔ ŋoŋ˧˧]

[waːk̚˨˩˨ ŋoŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 活 (“lively; alive”) and 言 (“words”).


tính khí

[tïŋ˧˦ xi˧˦]

[tɨn˦˧˥ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨn˦˧˥ xɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨn˦˥ kʰɪj˦˥]

[tɨn˦˥ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 性氣, composed of 性 and 氣.


kiện cáo

[kiəŋ˨˩ʔ kaːw˨˩˦]

[kiəŋ˨˩˨ kaːw˦˥]


bi quan

[ʔɓi˧˧ kwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悲觀, composed of 悲 (“sad; compassionate”) and 觀 (“outlook”), from Japanese 悲観 (hikan, literally “sad outlook”), reinterpreted from Buddhist Literary Chinese 悲觀 (bēiguān, literally “compassionate outlook”), mentioned in the Chinese version of the Lotus Sutra together with 慈觀／慈观 (từ quan, literally “benevolent outlook”). See also từ bi and Quan Thế Âm.


bướng bỉnh

[ʔɓɨəŋ˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˧˩]

[ʔɓɨəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓɨn˧˨]

[ʔɓɨəŋ˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩˦]


trí tưởng tượng

[t͡ɕi˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˧˨ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

trí + tưởng tượng, with Vietnamese head-initial structure.
Superficially Sino-Vietnamese word from 智 (“intelligence; mind”) and 想像 (“to imagine”).

vi-etym-sino

giàu trí tưởng tượng


rộ

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *roʔ(roʔ) ~ *rooʔ (“to make an inarticulate noise”); cognate with Riang rɔʔ¹ (“noise”).


hăng hái

[haŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]


hăng hái

[haŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]


nhiệt tình

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熱情, composed of 熱 (“hot”) and 情 (“emotion”).

Nhiệt tình cộng với dốt nát bằng đại phá hoại.

Eagerness plus idiocy equals wanton destruction. / A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.


nhiệt tình

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ tïŋ˨˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ tɨn˦˩]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩]


quýnh

head

𨖩 - 𡕷, 瓊, 炯, 迥

vi-adj

𨖩 - 𡕷, 瓊, 炯, 迥

(by emotion) overcome; overwhelmed; beside oneself; deeply affected


nghiêm khắc

[ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˧˦]

[ŋiəm˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋiəm˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋim˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]


tinh ý

[tïŋ˧˧ ʔi˧˦]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨn˧˧ ʔɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 精 (“skilled; concentrated; smart”) and 意 (“mind”).

vi-etym-sino

If parents already have a bit of experience with Facebook, then they can give good advices to their children (regarding Facebook use). Or, even by just being observant, parents can tell if their children have been using it too much or are showing signs of depression due to Facebook addiction, and intervene in time as a consequence.


ngỡ ngàng

[ŋəː˦ˀ˥ ŋaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋəː˧˨ ŋaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋəː˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩]

astonished; disconcerted; perplexed; amazed


cục cằn

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kaŋ˦˩]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ kaŋ˨˩]

irritable and rude; grumpy and uncouth; having a bad temper


làm biếng

[laːm˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˦]

[laːm˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥]

[laːm˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be lazy


ganh đua

[ɣajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]

[ɣɛɲ˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]

[ɣan˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˧]


láo xược

[laːw˧˦ sɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[laːw˨˩˦ sɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[laːw˦˥ sɨək̚˨˩˨]


khách quan

[kʰat̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[xat̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰat̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

[xat̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 客觀, composed of 客 (“guest”) and 觀 (“view”), Japanese 客観 (kyakkan, kakkan).

sự thật khách quan


cẩu thả

[kəw˧˩ tʰaː˧˩]

[kəw˧˨ tʰaː˧˨]

[kəw˨˩˦ tʰaː˨˩˦]


xông xáo

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˧˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˦˥]


xông xáo

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˧˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ saːw˦˥]


khoe khoang

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰwɛ˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰwɛ˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[xwɛ˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]


ganh

head

兢, 坑, 爭, 竞, 競

vi-verb

兢, 坑, 爭, 竞, 競

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 競 (“to compete”, SV: cạnh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cạnh</i>


hợp lí

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]


thành thật

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ tʰət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ tʰək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰan˨˩ tʰək̚˨˩˨]


phiên thiết

[fiən˧˧ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[fiəŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[fiəŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˥]


chủ quan

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[cʊw˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 主觀, composed of 主 (“host”) and 觀 (“view”), Japanese 主観 (shukan).

Đừng có chủ quan.

(disapproving) arrogant; cocky; overconfident


chủ quan

[t͡ɕʊw˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[cʊw˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]


chu đáo

[t͡ɕu˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[cʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 周到, composed of 周 (“thorough”) and 到 (“thoughtful”).


chu đáo

[t͡ɕu˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[cʊw˧˧ ʔɗaːw˦˥]


lề lối

lề lối làm việc


Hoa lục

[hwaː˧˧ lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[hwaː˧˧ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[waː˧˧ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 華 (“China”) and 陸 (“(main)land”).


khoáng đạt

[xwaːŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]

[xwaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]


ngôn tình

[ŋon˧˧ tïŋ˨˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˨˩]

truyện/tiểu thuyết ngôn tình

related to young adult romantic literature, especially works from modern Chinese writers


ngôn tình

[ŋon˧˧ tïŋ˨˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˨˩]

Ly thảng thảng thốt thốt, giật mình đùng đùng, vội xới lại quá khứ. Chết mẹ, không lẽ lần trước nó nói sợ chó là nói điêu. Nó nói điêu để được Ly đi trước bảo vệ? Với đầu óc của một con người đọc ngôn tình nhiều như Ly, Ly đủ thông minh để nghi ngờ: lẽ nào Tùng thích mình? Dẹp cha đi, bà đây không yêu đương gì hết, không bao giờ tin vào đàn ông nữa. Một lần từng trải đối với Ly là quá đủ rồi!

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, “Chương 86: Tầm ngắm mới [Chapter 86: New Target]”, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

Ly was jolted and shocked, and tried to dig into her memory. Shit, did he lie when he said he was afraid of dogs? If he did, could it be for Ly to take the lead and shield him? With a mind fueled by romantic fiction like Ly's, she knew enough to suspect Tùng might've liked her. Fuck that, she was not falling for that, she'd never trust guys again. One time was too many!

Ellipsis of truyện ngôn tình (“a romantic story”).


tính tình

[tïŋ˧˦ tïŋ˨˩]

[tɨn˦˧˥ tɨn˦˩]

[tɨn˦˥ tɨn˨˩]


lịch thiệp

[lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʰiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[lɨt̚˨˩ʔ tʰiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[lɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歷 (“to experience”) and 涉 (“to experience”).


xưởng

Xưởng đẻ Từ Dũ

old name for Từ Dũ Hospital, a maternity hospital


lên đỉnh

[len˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˩]

[len˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˨]

[ləːn˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên đỉnh.wav

(figurative, humorous) to orgasm; to climax


khẩu hiệu

[xəw˧˩ hiəw˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəw˧˨ hiw˨˩ʔ]

[kʰəw˨˩˦ hiw˨˩˨]

[xəw˨˩˦ hiw˨˩˨]


bà ba

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˧˧]

Literally it can be interpreted as “an old woman (bà), who was the second-born (ba) in her family” in the southern dialect.
Writer Sơn Nam suggests that the bà ba shirt first appeared during the 19ᵗʰ century, and the name was derived from the Baba in Baba Nyonya, Peranakan Chinese from Penang, Malaysia.

(áo ~) áo bà ba (a traditional southern Vietnamese garment)


con hư tại mẹ, cháu hư tại bà

[kɔn˧˧ hɨ˧˧ taːj˧˨ʔ mɛ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaw˧˦ hɨ˧˧ taːj˧˨ʔ ʔɓaː˨˩]

[kɔŋ˧˧ hɨ˧˧ taːj˨˩ʔ mɛ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕaw˨˩˦ hɨ˧˧ taːj˨˩ʔ ʔɓaː˦˩]

[kɔŋ˧˧ hɨ˧˧ taːj˨˩˨ mɛ˨˩˨ ca(ː)w˦˥ hɨ˧˧ taːj˨˩˨ ʔɓaː˨˩]

it's the mother's fault that her child's spoiled, and it's the grandmother's that her grandchild is


head

thương cho roi cho vọt, ghét cho ngọt cho bùi

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ zɔj˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ vɔt̚˧˨ʔ ɣɛt̚˧˦ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓuj˨˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʐɔj˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ vɔk̚˨˩ʔ ɣɛt̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ʔɓuj˦˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ cɔ˧˧ ɹɔj˧˧ cɔ˧˧ vɔk̚˨˩˨ ɣɛk̚˦˥ cɔ˧˧ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨ cɔ˧˧ ʔɓuj˨˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˧˧ cɔ˧˧ ɹɔj˧˧ cɔ˧˧ jɔk̚˨˩˨ ɣɛk̚˦˥ cɔ˧˧ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨ cɔ˧˧ ʔɓuj˨˩]

(literal) love means whipping, hate means giving sweetness and gentleness

corporal punishment
corporal punishment#English

(figurative) love means corporal punishment, hate means lenient treatment


toát

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

sợ toát mồ hôi


thoát

[tʰwaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]


truyền đạt

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]


xía

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to interfere


cách tân

[kat̚˦˧˥ təŋ˧˧]

[kat̚˦˥ təŋ˧˧]


giặt giũ

[zat̚˧˨ʔ zu˦ˀ˥]

[jak̚˨˩ʔ jʊw˧˨]

[jak̚˨˩˨ jʊw˨˩˦]

to wash; to launder (generally speaking)


trang trải

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕaːj˧˩]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈaːj˧˨]

[ʈaːŋ˧˧ ʈaːj˨˩˦]


nhạt nhẽo

[ɲaːt̚˧˨ʔ ɲɛw˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɲɛw˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ɲɛw˨˩˦]

câu chuyện nhạt nhẽo


dè dặt

[zɛ˨˩ zat̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɛ˦˩ jak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɛ˨˩ jak̚˨˩˨]


kín đáo

[kin˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˦]

[kin˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

[kɨn˦˥ ʔɗaːw˦˥]


đắng lòng

[ʔɗaŋ˧˦ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥ lɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaŋ˦˥ lawŋ͡m˨˩]

bitter; unpleasant to accept; heartbreaking; painful


tổn thất

[ton˧˩ tʰət̚˧˦]

[toŋ˧˨ tʰək̚˦˧˥]

[toŋ˨˩˦ tʰək̚˦˥]

tổn thất tài sản


thấm thía

[tʰəm˧˦ tʰiə˧˦]

[tʰəm˦˧˥ tʰiə˨˩˦]

[tʰəm˦˥ tʰiə˦˥]

to be piercing; to be penetrating; to be poignant; to be sincere; to penetrate; to pervade

(colloquial) Synonym of thấm tháp (“to be sufficient”)


đa đoan

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗwaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多端 (“varied”).


khôn ngoan

[kʰoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[xoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[kʰoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]

[xoŋ˧˧ ŋwaːŋ˧˧]


vắng vẻ

[vaŋ˧˦ vɛ˧˩]

[vaŋ˦˧˥ vɛ˧˨]

[vaŋ˦˥ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jaŋ˦˥ jɛ˨˩˦]


sắc thái

[ʂak̚˦˧˥ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[sak̚˦˧˥ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[ʂak̚˦˥ tʰaːj˦˥]

Either a Sino-Vietnamese word from 色彩 (“shade, hue; character”),
or a Sino-Vietnamese word from 色 (“colour”) and 態 (“state; situation”).


chuẩn mực

[t͡ɕwən˧˩ mɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨ mɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦ mɨk̚˨˩˨]


phán đoán

[faːn˧˦ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[faːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˦˥ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]


khoan hồng

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kʰwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[xwaːŋ˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

to be clement; to be merciful; to be lenient


tự phụ

[tɨ˧˨ʔ fu˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ fʊw˨˩˨]


kiêu ngạo

[kiəw˧˧ ŋaːw˧˨ʔ]

[kiw˧˧ ŋaːw˨˩ʔ]

[kiw˧˧ ŋaːw˨˩˨]


đa dạng

[ʔɗaː˧˧ zaːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多樣, composed of 多 (“multi-”) and 樣 (“form”).


giở quẻ

[zəː˧˩ kwɛ˧˩]

[jəː˧˨ kwɛ˧˨]

[jəː˨˩˦ wɛ˨˩˦]

giở + quẻ. Calque of Chinese 變卦／变卦 (biến quái).

(colloquial) to suddenly change one's state or attitude (from good to bad); to change one's mind or conduct; to go back on one's word


độc quyền

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨 (“only”) and 權 (“right”).


độc quyền

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kwiən˨˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ wiəŋ˨˩]


phong phú

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

[fɔŋ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

Trong các bài hát của Trịnh Công Sơn, ông bắt đầu xưng “tôi”, rồi chuyển sang “anh", rồi “mình”, rồi “Sơn", rồi quay lại xưng “tôi”. Đó là sự phong phú vô nghĩa. Những chỗ cần phong phú thì ông rất phong phú, còn không thì không — thế mới có điểm nhấn.

2012, Joe Ruelle, “Rất nguy hiểm [Very Dangerous]”, in Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way]:

In his lyrics, Trịnh Công Sơn may start with “me,” then switch to “your man,” then to “your beloved,” then to “Sơn,” then back to “me.” It’s nothing more than meaningless variety. But he showed great variety wherever it required, otherwise as little as possible — that’s why his songs pack so much punch.


dập ghim

[zəp̚˧˨ʔ ɣim˧˧]

[jəp̚˨˩ʔ ɣim˧˧]

[jəp̚˨˩˨ ɣim˧˧]


lem nhem

head

lem nhem (‑a reduplication lem nha lem nhem or lem nhem la nha)

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]

[lɛm˧˧ ɲɛm˧˧]


đãi

đãi • (𣹘, 待, 代)

vi-verb

đãi • (𣹘, 待, 代)

to rinse off (unwanted parts in water); to wash out; to pan off; to flay (soybean)


đãi

to treat (someone to); to entertain (someone to)


quả quyết

[waː˨˩˦ wiək̚˦˥]

to assert; to claim; to aver; to maintain


quả quyết

[waː˨˩˦ wiək̚˦˥]


đượm

head

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)

vi-adj

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)


đượm

head

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)

vi-verb

đượm • (㷋, 淡, 𬊊)


kẹp giấy

[kɛp̚˧˨ʔ zəj˧˦]

[kɛp̚˨˩ʔ jəj˨˩˦]

[kɛp̚˨˩˨ jəj˦˥]

kẹp giấy tam giác


ngốn

ngốn lấy ngốn để


cá ngát

[kaː˧˦ ŋaːt̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ŋaːk̚˦˥]


cá hẻn

[kaː˧˦ hɛn˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ hɛŋ˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ hɛŋ˨˩˦]

airbreathing catfish
airbreathing catfish

(North Central Vietnam) airbreathing catfish


nặc

Người hắn nặc mùi rượu.

reeking of; smelling strongly of; pervaded with


mụt ruồi

[mʊk̚˨˩ʔ ʐuj˦˩]

[mʊk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɹuj˨˩]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) mole; melanocytic nevus


cá chạch

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕat̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ cat̚˨˩˨]

a loach (fish of the superfamily Cobitoidea)


rọ mõm

[zɔ˧˨ʔ mɔm˦ˀ˥]

[ʐɔ˨˩ʔ mɔm˧˨]

[ɹɔ˨˩˨ mɔm˨˩˦]

muzzle (a device used to prevent animal from biting or eating, which is worn on its snout)


nhòm

to look through a narrow opening or passage, such as a small hole, a microscope or binoculars


U Minh

[ʔu˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 幽冥, composed of 幽 (“gloomy”) and 冥 (“darkness”).


biệt danh

[ʔɓiət̚˧˨ʔ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˨˩ʔ jɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓiək̚˨˩˨ jan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 別名, composed of 別 (“special”) and 名 (“name”), from Chinese 別名／别名 (biémíng, “alias; pseudonym”). Compare Japanese 別名 (“alias; pseudonym”) and Korean 별명 (byeolmyeong, “alias; pseudonym”).

cog

đặt biệt danh cho

Chẳng thế mà từ lâu, người ta đã trừu mến gọi Đà Lạt với cái tên "thành phố ngàn hoa" hay nhiều biệt danh khác như "thành phố mù sương", "thành phố ngàn thông", "xứ sở tình yêu"…

2015 March 11, Huy Hoàng, “Những biệt danh thú vị về các vùng miền trên giải đất hình chữ S [The Many Amusing Nicknames of Places in the S-shaped Strip]”, in Dân trí [Popular Knowledge]:

It's no wonder that since a long time ago, people have affectionately dubbed Dalat the "city of blooms," or with many other nicknames like the "misty city," the "city of conifers," the "land of love," etc.

Cô cũng cố lục lọi trí nhớ để lôi ra những biệt danh anh đặt cho cô. Chỉ hai tuần lễ đầu lúc mới quen anh gọi cô bằng tên thật. Anh là cái máy chế biệt danh và đó là cách anh bày tỏ sự âu yếm với cô. Tên cũ chưa quen anh đã đặt cho cô tên mới. Suốt thời gian mười hai năm có nhau, cô có khoảng hai ba chục cái tên, mỗi tên thuộc về một quãng thời gian đặc biệt nào đó trong cuộc sống.

(Can we date this quote?), Milan Kundera, translated by Trịnh Y Thư, Tập sách Cái cười & Sự lãng quên [The Book of Laughter and Forgetting]:

She also tried to search her memory for all the nicknames he gave her. He only called her by her real name for the first two weeks they were dating. He was a nicknaming machine, and it was how he showed her his affection. The old name hadn't stuck before he made a new one. During the entire twelve years together, she got some twenty to thirty names, each of which corresponded to a special period in their lives.

an affectionate or amusing nickname or moniker


rọ

Compare Khmu [Rook] cʰrɔʔ ("kind of fish trap").


bàn là

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ laː˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ laː˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ laː˨˩]


bàn ủi

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ ʔuj˧˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ ʔuj˧˨]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ ʔuj˨˩˦]


trống không

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]


trống không

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Con đã làm bài xong chưa?
Chưa.
Cái thằng này hỗn! Mẹ hỏi mà nói trống không thế hả!?
Have you done with your homework?
Nope.
You insolent child! How dare you answer to your mother like that!?

(figurative, of speaking, especially that of a child or a junior) without proper pronouns, kinship terms, politeness interjections (such as dạ, vâng) or sentence-ending particles (such as ạ), and therefore impolitely


hạn hán

[haːŋ˨˩ʔ haːŋ˦˧˥]

[haːŋ˨˩˨ haːŋ˦˥]


vô tận

[vo˧˧ tən˧˨ʔ]

[vow˧˧ təŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vow˧˧ təŋ˨˩˨]

[jow˧˧ təŋ˨˩˨]


gió mùa

[zɔ˧˦ muə˨˩]

[jɔ˨˩˦ muə˦˩]

[jɔ˦˥ muə˨˩]

gió (“wind”) + mùa (“season”), i.e. "seasonal wind". Compare Chinese 季風／季风 (jìfēng).

khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa

Trong các bể ở về phương nóng nực, có gió thổi sáu tháng hướng này, sáu tháng hướng khác luân chuyển cùng nhau gọi là gió mùa (moussons).

1908, Trần Văn Thông, “Bác học và hóa học”, in Vạn vật luận và vệ sinh (Histoire naturelle et Hygiène):

In the ocean in the tropics, there is a kind of winds that blow in one direction for six months, then the other direction for six months, called monsoons.


sún

(of people, especially children who are developing permanent teeth) having lost some teeth


luống cuống

[luəŋ˧˦ kuəŋ˧˦]

[luəŋ˦˧˥ kuəŋ˦˧˥]

[luəŋ˦˥ kuəŋ˦˥]

[…] y trong lòng đã sợ sệt, chân tay càng luống cuống.

2005, chapter 5, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

[…] due to his fear, the movement of his limbs went even more out of his control.

clumsy due to loss of cool or self-control


lẽo đẽo

head

lẽo đà lẽo đẽo

vi-adv

lẽo đà lẽo đẽo

[lɛw˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛw˦ˀ˥]

[lɛw˧˨ ʔɗɛw˧˨]

[lɛw˨˩˦ ʔɗɛw˨˩˦]

Nó lẽo đẽo đi theo tôi


lẽo đẽo

[lɛw˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛw˦ˀ˥]

[lɛw˧˨ ʔɗɛw˧˨]

[lɛw˨˩˦ ʔɗɛw˨˩˦]


nhạc công

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂工, composed of 樂 and 工.

vi-etym-sino

instrumentalist, musician (those who play musical instruments)


nhạc lí

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂理, composed of 樂 and 理.


kiều bào

[kiəw˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

[kiw˦˩ ʔɓaːw˦˩]

[kiw˨˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kiều bào.wav

(collective) overseas compatriots, especially Vietnamese nationals


chuyển tự

[t͡ɕwiən˧˩ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩˨]


sơ sinh

[səː˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[səː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 初生, composed of 初 (“first; earliest”) and 生 (“to birth; to live”).

trẻ sơ sinh


nghi ngút

[ŋi˧˧ ŋut̚˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ŋʊk͡p̚˦˥]

𤐡𩂟宜𩂁岸𣾺
𡥵𪀄拨񣢅落𩔗呌傷

18th century, Đặng Trần Côn (鄧陳琨) (circa 1705–1745) (original Chinese), translated by Đoàn Thị Điểm (段氏點) (1705–1746/1748) (traditionally claimed), might actually be translated by Phan Huy Ích (潘輝益) (1751–1822), Chinh phụ ngâm khúc (征婦吟曲) [The Song of a Soldier's Wife], lines 283-284:

Thick mists like billows surge above the woods,
A wind-blown bird, astray, cries piteous cries.

Khói mù nghi ngút ngàn khơi,
Con chim bạt gió lạc loài kêu thương.


thợ máy

[tʰəː˧˨ʔ maj˧˦]

[tʰəː˨˩ʔ maj˨˩˦]

[tʰəː˨˩˨ ma(ː)j˦˥]


kĩ thuật viên

[ki˦ˀ˥ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ viən˧˧]

[kɪj˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]


rớm

to be wet with (tears, etc.); to be moist with


xứng đôi

[sɨŋ˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[sɨŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[sɨŋ˦˥ ʔɗoj˧˧]


Duy Ngô Nhĩ

[zwi˧˧ ŋo˧˧ ɲi˦ˀ˥]

[jwɪj˧˧ ŋow˧˧ ɲɪj˧˨]

[j⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ ŋow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˦]


cảm tạ

[kaːm˧˩ taː˧˨ʔ]

[kaːm˧˨ taː˨˩ʔ]

[kaːm˨˩˦ taː˨˩˨]

Gia đình chúng tôi xin chân thành cảm tạ bà con cô bác, họ hàng gần xa đã đến chia buồn.

Our family would like to sincerely thank our relatives and acquaintances who have come and offered their condolences.

(formal, chiefly in obituaries) to thank


救國

chữ Hán form of cứu quốc (“to rescue the country; to save the nation”).


hèn nhát

[hɛn˨˩ ɲaːt̚˧˦]

[hɛŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˦˧˥]

[hɛŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˦˥]


bâu

(Northern Vietnam) to assemble, to gather into one place


lõng

deer's track, or track of other forest animals


đối tác

[ʔɗoj˧˦ taːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ taːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對 (“pair”) and 作 (“to do; to work”), as if short for đối tượng hợp tác.

Chúng ta là đối tác bình đẳng với nhau trong công trình trang trại này.

We're equal partners in this farming project.


manh mối

[mɛɲ˧˧ moj˨˩˦]


diễn đàn

[ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːn˨˩]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗaːŋ˦˩]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩]


tự vẫn

[tɨ˧˨ʔ vən˦ˀ˥]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ vəŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ vəŋ˨˩˦]

[tɨ˨˩˨ jəŋ˨˩˦]

(original meaning) to commit suicide by cutting one's throat

nhảy lầu tự vẫn

to commit suicide by jumping off a building

treo cổ tự vẫn

(literary, modern usage, may be considered incorrect) to commit suicide; to take one's own life

modern usage; may be considered incorrect; modern usage; may be considered incorrect


nghi án

[ŋi˧˧ ʔaːn˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˦˥]

doubtful legal case; disputed case; mysterious case


UBND

uỷ ban nhân dân
uỷ ban nhân dân#Vietnamese


ảm đạm

[ʔaːm˧˩ ʔɗaːm˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaːm˧˨ ʔɗaːm˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaːm˨˩˦ ʔɗaːm˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ảm đạm.wav


cổ phần

[kow˧˨ fəŋ˦˩]

[kow˨˩˦ fəŋ˨˩]

công ti cổ phần

(finance) equity (ownership, especially in terms of net monetary value of some business)


suy diễn

[ʂwɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨]

[swɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ jiəŋ˨˩˦]


thỉnh giáo

[tʰïŋ˧˩ zaːw˧˦]

[tʰɨn˧˨ jaːw˨˩˦]

[tʰɨn˨˩˦ jaːw˦˥]


thợ rèn

[tʰəː˧˨ʔ zɛn˨˩]

[tʰəː˨˩ʔ ʐɛŋ˦˩]

[tʰəː˨˩˨ ɹɛŋ˨˩]


ăn nói

[ʔan˧˧ nɔj˧˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ nɔj˨˩˦]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ nɔj˦˥]


đa cảm

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˧˩]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˧˨]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ kaːm˨˩˦]


khinh thị

[xïŋ˧˧ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kʰɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[xɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[xɨn˧˧ tʰɪj˨˩˨]


Mã Lai

[maː˦ˀ˥ laːj˧˧]

[maː˨˩˦ laːj˧˧]


Mã Lai

[maː˦ˀ˥ laːj˧˧]

[maː˨˩˦ laːj˧˧]


chiến binh

[t͡ɕiən˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

[ciəŋ˦˥ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 戰兵, composed of 戰 (“battle”) and 兵 (“soldier”)


tham chiến

[tʰaːm˧˧ t͡ɕiən˧˦]

[tʰaːm˧˧ t͡ɕiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰaːm˧˧ ciəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 參戰, composed of 參 (“to participate in, to engage in”) and 戰 (“war, fight, conflict”).


viễn thị

[viən˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˨ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠視, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) long-sighted; far-sighted; hypermetropic


thanh thản

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ tʰaːn˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ tʰaːŋ˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ tʰaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 清 (“pure; peaceful”) and 坦 (“calm”).

Nỗi đau đã cạn
Cơn mưa trong tim cũng đã tan
Anh bán đi mọi nỗi buồn
Để chẳng còn gì ngoài thanh thản

2023 October 2, Đăng Duy Tân (lyrics and music), “Cắt đôi nỗi sầu [Cut the sorrow in half]”:

The pain has gone
The rain in my heart also has stopped
I’ve sold all the sadness
Nothing’s left but peacefulness


thống khổ

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ xo˧˩]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ kʰow˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ xow˧˨]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ kʰow˨˩˦]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ xow˨˩˦]

(literary) wretched; miserable; in agony; grievous


cận thị

[kən˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近視, composed of 近 (“near”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) short-sighted; near-sighted; myopic


cận thị

[kən˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]


tuyệt chủng

[twiət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[twiək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 絕種, composed of 絕 (“to terminate”) and 種 (“species”). Compare Japanese 絶種 (zesshu, “extinct species”).


đầu phiếu

[ʔɗəw˨˩ fiəw˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ fiw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ fiw˦˥]


hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu

vi-noun

(classifier bông) hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu

[hwaː˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩ kam˧˦ ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ kɨt̚˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[hwaː˧˧ ɲaːj˦˩ kam˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˧˨ kɨk̚˦˧˥ ʈəw˧˧]

[waː˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩ kam˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ kɨk̚˦˥ ʈəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu.wav

Perhaps from folklore. Compare Chinese 一朵鮮花插在牛糞上／一朵鲜花插在牛粪上 (yī duǒ xiānhuā chā zài niúfèn shàng, literally “a flower stuck into a pile of cow dung”).

ncog

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

(literal) an Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) stuck in a pile of water buffalo shit

(figurative) a beautiful woman married to a man who's so terribly below her status or standard to be considered appropriate


đại số học

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ so˧˦ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʂow˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ sow˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʂow˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ sow˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại số học.wav


vụn

vụn thuỷ tinh


xương rắn

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)

[sɨəŋ˧˧ zan˧˦]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ ʐaŋ˦˧˥]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ ɹaŋ˦˥]


rau câu

[ʐaw˧˧ kəw˧˧]

From rau (“leaf vegetable”) + câu (the name of the plant). The term was originally used to refer to red algae of the genus Gracilaria, and later to jelly. These red algae are a source of agar, a gelatin substitute in jelly.


tính mạng

[tïŋ˧˦ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˦˧˥ maːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˦˥ maːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 性命, with mixed Northern-Southern readings.


tính mệnh

[tïŋ˧˦ məjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˦˧˥ men˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˦˥ məːn˨˩˨]


hiền hòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of hiền hoà.


mè nheo

[mɛ˨˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

[mɛ˦˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

[mɛ˨˩ ɲɛw˧˧]

(colloquial) to bother, annoy others by crying and begging


âu là

[ʔəw˧˧ laː˨˩]

[ʔəw˧˧ laː˦˩]

[ʔəw˧˧ laː˨˩]


loong toong

[lɔŋ˧˧ tɔŋ˧˧]

[lɔŋ͡m˧˧ tɔŋ͡m˧˧]

[lɔŋ˧˧ tɔŋ˧˧]


cứa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鋸 (“saw; to saw off”, SV: cứ). Compare cưa.


tợ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 似 (“to resemble”, SV: tự). Compare tựa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to be like; to be similar to


bán chác

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ t͡ɕaːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ caːk̚˦˥]

bán (“to sell”) + chác (“(obsolete) to buy”).

com

(colloquial) to sell (goods); to trade (in something)


bảo kiếm

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ kiəm˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ kiəm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ kim˦˥]

Bảo kiếm mà không được dùng cũng phải cùn.

Treasured but unused swords will still turn blunt.


ve sầu

[vɛ˧˧ səw˨˩]

[vɛ˧˧ ʂəw˦˩]

[vɛ˧˧ səw˦˩]

[vɛ˧˧ ʂəw˨˩]

[jɛ˧˧ səw˨˩]

Những câu hô như vậy chen lẫn những tiếng bồm bộp của những quả ban bị đánh đi, như giữ nhịp cho khúc âm nhạc của mấy vạn con ve sầu.

1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 1, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:

Cries such as these ones alternated with the plop plop sounds of the balls that were being hit, as if keeping the beat for the song of the myriads of cicadas.


văn miếu

Temple of Confucius; Temple of Literature


lìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 離 (“to leave”, SV: li).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">li</i>


xoáy

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) hair whorl


hiền hoà

[hiəŋ˦˩ hwaː˦˩]

[hiəŋ˨˩ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 賢 (“virtuous”) and 和 (“peaceful”).


thành hoàng

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[tʰan˨˩ waːŋ˨˩]

thành hoàng (deity enshrined in villages' communal houses in Vietnam)


thuận lợi

[tʰwən˧˨ʔ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ ləːj˨˩˨]


thuận lợi

[tʰwən˧˨ʔ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ ləːj˨˩˨]


bá láp

[ʔɓaː˧˦ laːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ laːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ laːp̚˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) of the bollocks, bullshit


bá láp

[ʔɓaː˧˦ laːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ laːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ laːp̚˦˥]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, colloquial) to humbug, to tell lies


thùa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 繡 (SV: tú).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tú</i>


cải táng

[kaːj˧˩ taːŋ˧˦]

[kaːj˧˨ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[kaːj˨˩˦ taːŋ˦˥]

to disinter for reburial (a tradition in northern Vietnam); to reinter; to rebury


duỗi

Compare Proto-Katuic *jɔɔs (“to stretch (arm, leg)”).


rợ

head

rợ • (𤞪, 𤞩, 𫯲, 助)

vi-adj

rợ • (𤞪, 𤞩, 𫯲, 助)

From Old Chinese 里 (OC *(mə.)rəʔ) (B-S) (SV: lí) or 俚.


rợ

Attila Rợ Hung

Attila the Hunnic Barbarian/Attila the Hun

(literary, derogatory) barbarian, savage


救世軍

chữ Hán form of Cứu Thế Quân (“Salvation Army”).


vãi

From Middle Vietnamese uãi, vãi, from Proto-Vietic *vaːs (“to broadcast (rice)”). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] vɐːl⁶, Chut [Rục] vaːl⁶.
Unrelated to Chinese 播 (MC paH) (SV: bá) nor any Austroasiatic word with labial stop initial like Khmer បោះ (bɑh), Khasi bet. As shown by the Vietic cognates, Vietnamese ‹v-› here is not the result of lenition.

inh

to spill (something) all over; to strew; to broadcast

(of rice, seeds, etc.) to be spilled all over; to be scattered

to excrete (involuntarily); to let out; to urinate or pee (by accident)


vãi

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tỉ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 比 (SV: tỉ)

16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi's (attributed) Tân biên Truyền kỳ mạn lục tăng bổ giải âm tập chú (新編傳奇漫錄增補解音集註), giải âm/translation of “The Tale of the Abandoned Pagoda in Đông Triều” in Truyền kỳ mạn lục ("Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales") by Nguyễn Dữ.
仕娓𨪷𩯀共民平㐌姅
Sãi vãi gọt tóc cùng dân bình đã nửa.
Those who cut their hair and became Buddhist monks and Buddhist nuns constituted half of the common populace.

Nam quốc phương ngôn tục ngữ bị lục (南國方言俗語備錄 "Records of the Southern Nation's regional adages and common sayings"), 1914 version, 11b
師呐師沛娓呐娓咍 ― Sư nói sư phải; vãi nói vãi hay. ― The Buddhist monk says he is right; the Buddist nun says she is knowledgeable.


bồng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 篷. Compare buồm.

(nautical, obsolete) fore (toward the bow of a boat)


bồng

kind of grass, traditionally used to make arrows


giú

Related to giấu. Cognate with Muong chủ (“to hide”) and Chut [Rục] cuː³ (“to cover seeds”).

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to hide; to cover; to conceal

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to cover fruits to make them ripe artificially


độc nhất vô nhị

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ɲət̚˧˦ vo˧˧ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ɲək̚˦˧˥ vow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˦˥ vow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

[ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ɲək̚˦˥ jow˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 獨一無二 (“no two exist, only one does”), from Chinese 獨一無二／独一无二 (dúyīwú'èr). Compare Japanese 唯一無二 (yuiitsu muni, duy nhất vô nhị).

cog

yuiitsu muni, <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">duy nhất</i> vô nhị


huề

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 和 (SV: hoà).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoà</i>

vi-etym-sino

huề cả làng

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hoà (“resulting in a draw”)


huề

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to draw, to tie


hoà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 和. Compare Thai ฮั้ว (húua).

(games, sports) tied; deadlocked; stalemated; at a draw


giậm

to stamp (to strike, beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward)


xỏ lá

[sɔ˧˩ laː˧˦]

[sɔ˧˨ laː˨˩˦]

[sɔ˨˩˦ laː˦˥]

[ɕɔ˨ˀ laː˧˨˦]


ông kẹ

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˨˩˨]


tầm phào

Hơi đâu lo ba cái chuyện tầm phào.

We don't have time to worry about something that silly.


vâng lời

[vəŋ˧˧ ləːj˨˩]

[vəŋ˧˧ ləːj˦˩]

[vəŋ˧˧ ləːj˨˩]

[jəŋ˧˧ ləːj˨˩]


tự bạch

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɓat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 自白, composed of 自 (“self”) and 白 (“white; clear”)


ba gai

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣaːj˧˧]


trung gian

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

vật trung gian truyền bệnh

an animal that carries diseases onto humans

functioning as a bridge in the middle of a chain of exchange, communication, command, transaction, etc.


trung gian

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

trung gian hoà giải

a party that functions as a bridge in the middle of a chain of exchange, communication, command, transaction, etc.


Dương Cưu

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kiw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Dương Cưu.wav

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Bạch Dương (“Aries”)


Hổ Cáp

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hổ Cáp.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpio”)

(astronomy) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpius”)


tòa

Traditional tone placement spelling of toà.


rấm

to cover (fruit, seeds) to artificially accelerate their ripening or development; to force (fruit, seeds)

to have (something) prepared secretly beforehand; to have (something, someone) all lined up


văn tự

[van˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[vaŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[vaŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨]

[jaŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨]

(archaic) writing system; script; written language

contract (to sell land, house, etc.); deed; document


phong thuỷ

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風水, composed of 風 (“wind”) and 水 (“water”), from Chinese 風水／风水.

Phong thuỷ nhà này xấu quá! Chả trách mà gặp hạn hoài!

The feng shui of this residence is really poor! No wonder the owners have been plagued with bad luck!


tàng hình

[taːŋ˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[taːŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[taːŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藏 (“to hide”) and 形 (“shape; form”).


Thiên Vương Tinh

Thiên Vương tinh
Thiên Vương tinh#Vietnamese

Alternative letter-case form of Thiên Vương tinh (“Uranus”) (planet)


đình công

[ʔɗïŋ˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˦˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

strike, work stoppage as a sign of protest etc.


thuỷ chung

[tʰwi˧˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 始終 (“from the beginning to the end”), but effectively simply a literary anagram of chung thuỷ (“maritally loyal”).

(literary) Synonym of chung thuỷ (“maritally faithful”)

Ta về, mình có nhớ ta
Ta về ta nhớ những hoa cùng người
Rừng xanh hoa chuối đỏ tươi
Ðèo cao nắng ánh dao gài thắt lưng.
Ngày xuân mơ nở trắng rừng
Nhớ người đan nón chuốt từng sợi giang
Ve kêu rừng phách đổ vàng
Nhớ cô em gái hái măng một mình
Rừng thu trăng rọi hoà bình
Nhớ ai tiếng hát ân tình thuỷ chung.

1954, Tố Hữu, “Việt Bắc”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

When I leave, will you miss me?
When I leave, I'll miss the flowers and the people.
The green woods, the crimson banana flowers,
The high passes, the sunlight sparkling on the knives hung onto belts.
Plum blossoms bloom in spring, whitening the whole woods.
I'll miss the hat winnower who's meticulous with every thread.
As the cicadas sing, the phach trees turn golden.
I'll miss the maiden who harvests bamboo shoots alone.
The moon shines over the autumnal woods in this time of peace.
I'll miss that someone with the ever so faithful endearing song.

(literary) affectionately faithful like a married couple


thuỷ chung

[tʰwi˧˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

(literary) Synonym of chung thuỷ (“with fidelity”)

(literary) affectionately faithfully like being married


A-la

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧]

thánh A-la

đức A-la


nước đái

[nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˦]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˦]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗaːj˦˥]


nước tiểu

[nɨək̚˧˦ tiəw˧˩]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ tiw˧˨]

[nɨək̚˦˥ tiw˨˩˦]


phân bua

[fən˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓuə˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân bua.wav

The Northern Middle Vietnamese form phân ꞗua (“to the king”) is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum; this form would regularly yield *phân vua in the modern Northern dialects. The modern form with unlenited bua thus indicates that this form spread from a Central dialect without lenition and displaced the regular reflex in the mainstream dialects.
Equivalent to phân (“to distribute”) + vua (“king”).


tróc

[ʈawk͡p̚˦˧˥]


chúa sơn lâm

[t͡ɕuə˧˦ səːn˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[t͡ɕuə˨˩˦ ʂəːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[t͡ɕuə˨˩˦ səːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[cuə˦˥ ʂəːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[cuə˦˥ səːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

chúa (“lord”) + sơn lâm (“the wilderness”).

com

king of the jungle (the title for the tiger)


nụ

cog

Santali ᱱᱩᱱᱩ (nunu, “nipple, breast, to suckle”)

Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠
𨅹𨖲𣘃𣞻𢲨花
𨀈𫴋𪽣𣘁𢲨𦵚尋春
Trèo lên cây bưởi hái hoa,
Bước xuống ruộng cà hái nụ tầm xuân.
Climb the pomelo tree to pick flowers
[Then] Go to the eggplant field looking for a dog rose.


nụ

một nụ cười


nụ

Garcinia gummi-gutta
Garcinia gummi-gutta#Translingual

Garcinia cambogia
Garcinia cambogia#Translingual

Any of species Garcinia gummi-gutta (syn. Garcinia cambogia)


sợ sệt

[səː˧˨ʔ set̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəː˨˩ʔ ʂet̚˨˩ʔ]

[səː˨˩ʔ set̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəː˨˩˨ ʂəːt̚˨˩˨]

[səː˨˩˨ səːt̚˨˩˨]

to be fearful; to be afraid; to be timid


cà lem

[kaː˨˩ lɛm˧˧]

[kaː˦˩ lɛm˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ lɛm˧˧]

Borrowed from French crème. Compare kem.


kẻng

(colloquial, usually of a man) smart; chic; swell


ăn kem trước cổng

[ʔan˧˧ kɛm˧˧ t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɛm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ kəwŋ͡m˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kɛm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˥ kəwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ăn kem trước cổng.wav

Literally, “to eat ice cream in front of the gate”.

ăn cơm trước kẻng
ăn cơm trước kẻng#Vietnamese

(slang, wordplay, humorous) Alternative form of ăn cơm trước kẻng (“to have premarital sex”)


ổ gà

[ʔo˧˩ ɣaː˨˩]

[ʔow˧˨ ɣaː˦˩]

[ʔow˨˩˦ ɣaː˨˩]

(figurative) a small or medium-sized pothole


xâm phạm

[səm˧˧ faːm˧˨ʔ]

[səm˧˧ faːm˨˩ʔ]

[səm˧˧ faːm˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 侵犯 (“to infringe”).

vi-etym-sino

xâm phạm chủ quyền

to intrude the sovereignty [of a nation]

Nam quốc san hà [Our Southern State]
Nam quốc san hà Nam đế cư,
Tiệt nhiên phân định tại thiên thư.
Như hà nghịch lỗ lai xâm phạm,
Nhữ đẳng hành khan thủ bại hư.
Trần Trọng Kim's translation:
Sông núi nước Nam vua Nam ở
Rành rành định phận ở sách trời
Cớ sao lũ giặc sang xâm phạm,
Chúng bay sẽ bị đánh tơi bời.
Our southern state is where our southern emperor rules,
It has always been that way, as per heavenly will
How dare the enemies intrude our land?
You lot will be utterly defeated!


ganh tị

[ɣajŋ̟˧˧ ti˧˨ʔ]

[ɣɛɲ˧˧ tɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ɣan˧˧ tɪj˨˩˨]


đũa thần

[ʔɗuə˦ˀ˥ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔɗuə˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗuə˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

đũa (“chopstick”) + thần (“magical”, 神).


đỏ mặt

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ mat̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ mak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ mak̚˨˩˨]

đỏ (“red”) + mặt (“face”), literally “(of face) to redden”.


đánh răng

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ zaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ ʐaŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗan˦˥ ɹaŋ˧˧]

đánh (“to rub to clean or polish”) + răng (“teeth”).


ăn ảnh

[ʔan˧˧ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔan˨˩˦]


chuẩn đoán

[t͡ɕwən˧˩ ʔɗwaːn˧˦]

[t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˥]

Eggcorn of chẩn đoán, due to chuẩn (“spot-on”).


cứng cổ

[kɨŋ˧˦ ko˧˩]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ kow˧˨]

[kɨŋ˦˥ kow˨˩˦]

(colloquial) obstinate; stubborn; stiff-necked


mửa mật

[mɨə˧˩ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɨə˧˨ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɨə˨˩˦ mək̚˨˩˨]

Chuyến này sẽ có cúp oai ghê… Các anh các chị gọi là tập mửa mật.

This time there will be a super big cup… The boys and girls will have to practice to exhaustion.

with much effort, to the point of exhaustion


thấp thoáng

head

thấp thoáng (‑a reduplication thấp tha thấp thoáng)

[tʰəp̚˧˦ tʰwaːŋ˧˦]

[tʰəp̚˦˧˥ tʰwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰəp̚˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˦˥]

be quickly appear; appear from time to time


đánh thắng

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ tʰaŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ tʰaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗan˦˥ tʰaŋ˦˥]


cứng đầu

[kɨŋ˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[kɨŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[kɨŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

Bột giặt mới có thể loại bỏ các vết bẩn cứng đầu trong chớp mắt.

This new detergent can demolish the most obstinate stains in the blink of an eye.

(colloquial) headstrong; stubborn; obstinate


rạc

Ngồi xe mấy tiếng muốn rạc xác hết đứng nổi luôn rồi.

Having sat in this car for hours, my body is so tired that I could not stand up anymore.


kẹo cao su

[kɛw˧˨ʔ kaːw˧˧ su˧˧]

[kɛw˨˩ʔ kaːw˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[kɛw˨˩ʔ kaːw˧˧ sʊw˧˧]

[kɛw˨˩˨ kaːw˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[kɛw˨˩˨ kaːw˧˧ sʊw˧˧]

kẹo (“candy”) + cao su (“rubber”), literally “rubber candy”.


rạn

crack (a thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material)


chong chóng

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˦]

[t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[t͡ɕɔŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɔŋ˦˧˥]


đích tôn

[ʔɗïk̟̚˧˦ ton˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˧˥ toŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨt̚˦˥ toŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 嫡孫, composed of 嫡 (“legitimate”) and 孫 (“grandchild”)

vi-etym-sino

Nó là con gái, thằng em nó mới là cháu đích tôn.

She's a girl, it's her younger brother who is the "important grandchild".

being the eldest son (disregarding daughters) of the eldest son (disregarding daughters) of his paternal grandparents, therefore having more responsibility than his male siblings or cousins


đánh đầu

[ʔɗajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʔɗɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʔɗan˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]


thủ thư

[tʰu˧˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ tʰɨ˧˧]


mù soa

[mʊw˦˩ ʂwaː˧˧]

[mʊw˨˩ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]

[mʊw˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]

Rút ở túi quần sau một cái mù soa, cởi một nút buộc như một cái tai lợn, Xuân Tóc Đỏ đập đồng hào ván xuống thềm gạch xi măng đánh keng một cái rất oanh liệt.

After pulling a handkerchief from his back pocket and undoing the knot like a pig ear, Red-Haired Xuân smashed a twenty-cent coin down on the cement pavement, making a glorious sound.


đỏng đảnh

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˩ ʔɗajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˨ ʔɗɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔɗɔŋ˧˨ ʔɗɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɗan˨˩˦]

Vừa hát mấy câu cải lương Nam Kỳ, hắn vừa đỏng đảnh tiến đến chỗ ông thầy số.

Having sung these lines of Southern cải lương, he strutted over to the fortune-teller.


thông dịch viên

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ viən˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ viəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨ jiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 通譯員, composed of 通, 譯 and 員.


da-ua

[zaː˧˧ ʔuə˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ ʔuə˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ ʔuə˧˧]

Borrowed from French yaourt. The use of the letter d only reflects a southern accent, and even then some yogurt vendors may prefer the letter y, or even the English word yogurt altogether. In textbooks, d is typically used to transcribed the sound /z/ (reflecting a northern accent), so a textbook transcription for this word would be *i-a-ua instead.


ngày nảy ngày nay

Từ láy formation of ngày nay (“nowadays”), jocularly inspired by ngày xửa ngày xưa.

(narratology, humorous) nowadays; in this day and age


hành vi

[hɛɲ˦˩ vɪj˧˧]

xử phạt hành vi vi phạm giao thông


thiệt hại

[tʰiət̚˧˨ʔ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˨˩ʔ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˨˩˨ haːj˨˩˨]


thiệt hại

[tʰiət̚˧˨ʔ haːj˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˨˩ʔ haːj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiək̚˨˩˨ haːj˨˩˨]


truyền đơn

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

a political flyer, especially used to spread ideology or propaganda


mải

mải chơi

(disapproving) to be obsessed with fooling around; to be carefree

Mải nghe đoán số, Xuân Tóc Đỏ không trông thấy những người ấy.

Absorbed with hearing his fortune told, Red-Haired Xuân did not notice them.


nhót

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
𣑵 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese mlót. Compare North Central Vietnamese lót.


vểnh

head

vểnh • (𦕟) (diminutive reduplication vênh vểnh)

𦕟 (CJK)
vênh vểnh (diminutive reduplication)


đầy rẫy

[ʔɗəj˨˩ zəj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗəj˦˩ ʐəj˧˨]

[ʔɗəj˨˩ ɹəj˨˩˦]

đầy (“be all over, filled”) + rẫy (“mountain field”), literally "all over the field".


um tùm

[ʔʊm˧˧ tʊm˨˩]


xắn

xắn tay áo


ép xung

[ʔɛp̚˧˦ sʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɛp̚˦˧˥ sʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɛp̚˦˥ sʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


cam tâm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 甘心. See also cam lòng, calqued from the same compound.

Bây giờ thì nó cam tâm yên phận là một thằng nhặt bóng.

For now he was resigned and content being a ball boy.


văn bằng

[van˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[vaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[vaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[jaŋ˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

Nguyên do ông ấy là một du học sinh quay về tổ quốc mà không có một mảnh văn bằng nào cả.

The reason was he was back to the motherland after overseas studies without having obtained any diploma whatsoever.


bặm trợn

[ʔɓam˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓam˨˩ʔ ʈəːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓam˨˩˨ ʈəːŋ˨˩˨]


chế độ ăn kiêng

[t͡ɕe˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ ʔan˧˧ kiəŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕej˨˩˦ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ ʔaŋ˧˧ kiəŋ˧˧]

[cej˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨ ʔaŋ˧˧ kiəŋ˧˧]

diet system (a controlled regimen of food and drink)


bề

head

bề • (皮, 佊, 𠱀, 彼)

vi-noun

bề • (皮, 佊, 𠱀, 彼)

bề trên

Họ đều là khẩu Phật tâm xà, sẽ không tránh khỏi hình phạt của bề trên đã giao phó cho tôi thi hành, đó là một trận đại hồng thủy.

2017, Phan Cuồng, quoting Sự tích hồ Ba Bể, Lý triều dị truyện, →ISBN:

They are all hypocrites and will not avoid the punishment those above me have me carry out: a great flood.


long não

[lɔŋ˧˧ naːw˧˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 龍腦, composed of 龍 (“dragon”) and 腦 (“brain”).


cá thát lát

[kaː˧˦ tʰaːt̚˧˦ laːt̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ tʰaːk̚˦˥ laːk̚˦˥]

cá (“fish”) + thát lát (“bronze featherback”).


ngót

Trứng ngót

(dated, usually of food) to shrink in size, especially because loss of water


ngót

ngót nghét 200


bổi

(Central Vietnam) dried leaves, tree branches, straws intended to be burned


lờ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 籚 (“stiff bamboo; basket”, SV: lư).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lư</i>

vi-etym-sino

a fish trap woven of bamboo (often resembling a basket)


cáu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 垢 (SV: cấu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cấu</i>


cáu kỉnh

[kaw˧˦ kïŋ˧˩]


cố đô

[ko˧˦ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 故都, composed of 故 (“old”) and 都 (“capital”).

cố đô Huế


băng thông

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

From băng (“band”) + thông (“to go through”).

Internet băng thông rộng


cố hương

[ko˧˦ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˦˥ hɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 故鄉, composed of 故 (“old”) and 鄉 (“hometown”).

Li Bai, "Quiet Night Thought"; 1987 Vietnamese translation by Nam Trân
Đầu giường ánh trăng rọi,
Mặt đất như phủ sương.
Ngẩng đầu nhìn trăng sáng,
Cúi đầu nhớ cố hương.
Before my bed shines the bright moon
Meseems there's frost on the ground
Lifting my head, I watch the bright moon,
Lowering my head, I miss my hometown.

Matsuo Bashō's haiku, translated by Đoàn Lê Giang:
Đất khách mười mùa sương
về thăm quê ngoảnh lại
Ê-đô là cố hương.
autumn, ten years:
now I point to Edo
as the old home.
(literally, “It was the strange land for ten misty years
but when I came back home
it was Edo that felt like my old home.”)


cố nhân

[ko˧˦ ɲən˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[kow˦˥ ɲəŋ˧˧]

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