be

chiếc áo mưa màu be


mi

đô, rê, mi

(music) mi (third note of diatonic scale)


lam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藍, from Literary Chinese 藍 (lán), using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 藍／蓝 (lán, “blue”) and 綠／绿 (lục, “green”). See also xanh (“grue”).


kali

[kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin kalium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


electron

[ʔɛ˧˧ lɛk̚˧˦ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔe˧˧ lɛk̚˧˦ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɛ˧˧ lɛk̚˦˧˥ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ lɛk̚˦˧˥ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɛ˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥ ʈəwŋ͡m˧˧]


xenon

[se˧˧ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]


neon

[ne˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

From French néon, from New Latin neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon).


金

ghim (canonical)
câm (canonical)
găm (canonical)

Chữ Hán form of Kim (“a surname from Chinese.”).


ga

From French gaz (“gas”), from Dutch gas.

bình ga

gas, such as propane and/or butane, used for a gas stove; compare khí (“gas as a chemical substance”)

Bật lửa này hết ga rồi.

xe bị rồ/oà ga

a motorcycle with a broken throttle that accelerates while the twistgrip is released

Nổ nãy giờ mà chẳng có ga gì hết !

I've been trying to start my bike for hours and it's still not working!

chạy tẹt ga

to step on it/on the gas; to floor it; to put your foot down; to run full throttle

(automotive) the ignited mixture of fuel and air that powers an engine; not to be confused with xăng (“gasoline”)


ga

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(Southern Vietnam, especially Mekong Delta) Pronunciation spelling of ra (“bed sheet”).


bia

Borrowed from French bière, from Middle Dutch bier.

bụng bia


bari

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin barium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


đồng

→ Cantonese: 盾 (teon⁵)

→ English: dong

→ Japanese: ドン (don)

→ Korean: 동 (dong)

→ Mandarin: 盾 (dùn)

→ Russian: донг (dong)

hai đồng

(colloquial, chiefly Southern Vietnam) a thousand dongs


tali

[taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[taː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin thallium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


tebi

[tɛ˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[tɛ˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[tɛ˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin terbium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


hoe

khóc nhiều mắt đỏ hoe

to cry so much that the eyes become reddish

tóc hoe hoe


phải

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phải.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 被 (“to suffer; passive marker”, SV: bị) (Old Chinese: /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ, m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s, mə-pʰ(r)aj, pʰ(r)aj-s/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), along the semantic evolution of “to have to endure; to suffer” > “have to; must” > “correct” > “right (in direction)”. It may reflect an Old Chinese pronunciation /*N-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/ with the loss of a nasal prefix as is also seen in other early loans (Sagart, per. comm.).
The common Vietic word for “right” is Proto-Vietic *dam ~ *tam, whence the now-archaic đăm.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bị</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đi bên phải đường.

Rẽ (tay) phải. Quẹo (tay) phải.

(often with bên) right (side, direction) (in bên phải)


ion

[ʔi˧˧ ʔɔn˧˧]

[ʔi˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


gang

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːŋ, from Old Chinese 鋼 (OC *C.kˤaŋ) (B-S) (SV: cương).


tự tử

[tɨ˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 自死, composed of 自 (“self”) and 死 (“death”).

(colloquial) to commit suicide, to kill oneself


tang

để tang

to hold a public funeral, then stay in mourning (by watching your clothing choices and avoiding other taboos)

đại tang

tiểu tang

mãn/xả tang

hết tang

đám tang

Nhà đang có tang.

Chưa hết tang mẹ.

They haven't officially ended mourning their mother.

đeo băng tang

đội khăn tang

a series of events that encompasses a funeral, a burial or cremation, and a period of mourning spanning up to 3 years after the lunar date of death


tang

Trống thủng còn tang.

The drum was busted, leaving only the shell.


nhạc

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: âm nhạc (as a concept)

music (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


mưa

cơn (classifier)
trận (classifier)
湄 (CJK)
𩄎 (CJK)
𩅹 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mưa.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-maː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *gmaʔ. Cognate with Muong mưa, Chut [Rục] kumᵊaː², Khmu kmaʔ, Mang maː², Pear kʰmie, Mundari gama.


mưa

(trời) mưa


dà

According to S. Tandart, Vietnamese traditionally used the bark of this tree to dye their work clothes, hence the color sense.


este

[ʔɛt̚˧˦ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˧˦ tɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ tɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛk̚˦˥ stɛ˧˧]

[ʔɛk̚˦˥ tɛ˧˧]


tuli

[tʊw˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[tʊw˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin thulium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


Kim

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

(historical) the Jin dynasty (1115–1234 C.E.)


cu

From Proto-Vietic *t-kuː (“dove”); ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognate with Kha Phong təkuː¹. Compare Thai เขา (kǎo), Chinese 鳩 (OC *[k](r)u) (B-S), Burmese ခို (hkui), English coo.
This is the form without both diphthongization and lenition. Also in common use are câu, bồ câu, both with diphthongization. The form gâu (in chim gâu) with both diphthongization and lenition is also attested.


mun

From Proto-Vietic *ɓuːɲ (“ashes”). Cognate with Muong bunh.


agon

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˧˨ʔ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˨˩˨ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

From French argon, from English argon, from New Latin argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


thu

thiên/ngàn/nghìn thu


liti

[lɪj˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin lithium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


telu

[tɛ˧˧ lʊw˧˧]

[tɛ˧˧ lʊw˧˧]


gali

[ɣaː˧˧ li˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin gallium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


beri

[ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[ʔɓɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]


cú

From Proto-Vietic *kuːʔ, of imitative origin. Compare Proto-Tai *ɡawꟲ (“owl”) (whence Thai เค้า (káo), Lao ເຄົ້າ (khao)), Chinese 鵂 (OC *qʰ(r)u), 鴞 (OC *[ɢ]ʷ(r)aw) (B-S).


hí

head

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)

vi-int

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)


hí

head

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)

vi-verb

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)


mangan

[maːn˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


軌道

chữ Hán form of quỹ đạo (“trajectory; (astronomy) orbit”).


ái

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ái.wav


hè

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 夏 (“summer”, SV: hạ). Doublet of hạ. Compare xe and xa, chè and trà. Also compare Japanese go-on reading げ (ge) and kan-on reading か (ka) of the same Chinese word.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hạ</i>

vi-etym-sino

nghỉ hè


chì

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chì.wav

Chú lính chì dũng cảm


kèn

Borrowed from Tai; compare Thai แคน (kɛɛn) and Lao ແຄນ (khǣn). Compare also khèn.


chè

1961: Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, Chapter 13, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô
Tất cả hoà hợp trong cái vui rối rít mà vẫn nhịp nhàng của những tranh, những câu đối, những bao hương, bao nến, bao chè, những bánh pháo, những hộp kẹo, hộp mứt, những chậu cá vàng.
Everything came together in the bustling yet harmonious joy of the paintings, the Chinese couplets, the bags of perfume, of chè, the firecrackers, the boxes of candy, of candied fruit, the goldfish bowls.

a thick, sweet dessert soup or pudding, often made with glutinous rice and/or beans


rèn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鍊 (“to smelt; to refine”, SV: luyện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">luyện</i>


lí

lí cây đa


niobi

[ni˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from Latin niobium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


mifepristone

Unadapted borrowing from English mifepristone.


magie

[maː˧˧ ɲe˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ɲej˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ɲej˧˧]

Perhaps from French magnésium. This irregular spelling was devised by the Ministry of Education and Formation to conform with the chemical symbol Mg. Some chemistry teachers (and consequently, their students) still prefer the French-derived pronunciation ma-nhê regardless of the spelling.


antimon

[ʔaːn˧˧ ti˧˧ mɔn˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]


cà phê

head

cà phê • (咖啡)

vi-noun

cà phê • (咖啡)

Adapted from an earlier form trà phê (“coffee”) (Martini, 1958; Michaud et al., 2015), as attested in scholar Pétrus Ky's Cours d'annamite parlé [A course in spoken Annamese] (1894). This is a phono-semantic matching of French café (“coffee”), matching the first syllable with the existing Sino-Vietnamese word trà (“tea”); literally, this name could be interpreted as: “a kind of tea with the phê attribute” (whatever that attribute may mean).
Naming coffee as a type of tea acclimatises the new beverage, introducing it into a set that already included trà tàu (“Chinese tea (black tea)”), trà Huế (“Annamese tea (green tea)”), trà hoa (“camellia tea”), trà rừng (“three-seeded mercury (herbal) tea”), and so on (Martini, 1958; Michaud et al., 2015). An example is found in Cours d'annamite parlé:
:
anh uống trà-phe hay-là trà-tàu
Do you drink coffee [the phe tea] or tea [the Chinese tea]?
Later on, the form trà phê underwent re-foreignisation, influenced by French-speaking Vietnamese who pronounce French café as ‹ca phê› (Michaud et al., 2015). A hybrid form of cà phê emerged as a consequence, retaining the original /k/ in the donor language and the tone of trà, and this form eventually became the standard (Nguyễn, 1999).
An alternative theory for the unexpected tone on cà was put forth by Emeneau (1951: 4, 158), who tentatively proposed that it was due to association with cà (“eggplant”), in a fashion similar to cà rốt (“carrot”). However, this is now deemed to be very unlikely.
Compare phê (“high; intoxicated”), as well as Cantonese 咖啡 (gaa3 fe1, also with a lower tone on the first syllable).

ux

Do you drink coffee 􂀿the phe tea􂁀 or tea 􂀿the Chinese tea􂁀?

cog

cà phê có liền

cà phê dùng ngay

cà phê hòa tan

cà phê nồi

máy xay cà phê

tiệm cà phê

quán cà phê

coffee shop; coffee bar; coffee house; café


plutoni

Ultimately from New Latin plutonium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


ô

Khớp con ngựa ngựa ô. / Ngựa ô anh khớp, anh khớp cái kiệu vàng

(Can we date this quote?), “Lí ngựa ô [Ballad of the Black Horse]”:

Bridling a black horse. / The black horse he bridled, he bridled with a golden litter.

Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp con ngựa ô, ngựa ô, ngựa ô!

(Can we date this quote?), Trần Tiến (lyrics and music), “Ngựa ô thương nhớ [Black Horse of Longing]”:

Bridle! Bridle! Bridle the black horse! The black horse! The black horse!


hít

From Proto-Vietic *hiːt, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *hiit ~ *hət (“to sniff, pant”); cognate with Khmer ហិត (hət), Pacoh hít, Mang hic⁷.


brom

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ zom˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˦˩ ɹom˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]


selen

[sej˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]

[sej˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]


curi

[kʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[kʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin curium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


urani

[ʔu˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔu˧˧ zaː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin uranium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


nobeli

[no˧˧ ʔɓe˧˧ li˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓej˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓej˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin nobelium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


reni

[ɹej˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ɹej˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin rhenium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


ankan

[ʔaːn˧˧ kaːn˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧]


vàng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vàng.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 黃 (SV: hoàng). The semantic development “yellow” > “gold” parallels that of bạc (“white” > “silver”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoàng</i>


vàng

giá vàng hôm nay


ununenni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbinili

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ni˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]


cây

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cây.wav

From Proto-Vietic *gəl ~ *kəl. Cognate with Central Vietnamese cân, Muong câl, cấl, Kha Phong kɨl². Related to cấy.
Various words with similar shape that have the meaning of "to fell trees" occur in many Austroasiatic branches, including Semai kòl, Temiar kel, Proto-Bahnaric *kal (whence Koho köl) and Proto-Katuic *kəl (whence Pacoh câl); all could be contributed to *kuəl ~ *kəl (“to cut down, fell”), which might be related to the root above. Alternatively, compare Proto-Khmuic *tŋkəl (“stump”) (whence Khmu [Cuang] tŋkɨl), Khmer គល់ (kŭəl), Mon ဓဂဵု.

(music) Indicates string instruments and some other types of musical instruments


thiếc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 錫 (SV: tích).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tích</i>


đêm

head

店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀

đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)

vi-noun

店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀

đêm • (店, 𡖵, 𣈔, 𣈘, 𣎀)

From Proto-Vietic *teːm (“night”), probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *btɔm. Cognate with Muong têm, Tho [Cuối Chăm] teːm¹. Compare Semelai petom, Mon ဗ္တံ, Khmu [Cuang] psɨəm, Riang [Lang] sɔm¹.
The Vietnamese words for "day" and "night" and their cognates have the same distribution within Vietic: reflexes of *-ŋiː (“day”) and *teːm (“night”) are only attested in Thổ, Pong and Viet-Muong, i.e. the "innovative Vietic" group, lacking cognates in the generally more conservative languages. Unlike the case of *-ŋiː (“day”) (> ngày), the existence of presyllable (if it existed) in Vietic can not be straightforwardly recovered: the tone of the word is consistently A1 in all languages, indicating what was most likely a monosyllabic root with voiceless onset (what the root is currently reconstructed as). The mismatch of vowels (Vietic showing front vowel, while the rest showing central or back vowels) is probably the biggest hindrance to connect đêm to other AA words. The cognacy between Vietnamese đêm and the other AA words, therefore, might be questionable.
Non-final *t in the non-Northern branches sometimes corresponds to a fricative, an affricate or a palatal stop in Northern branches, cf. *trsam (“right”) and *c₁aŋ (“bitter”) in Proto-Khmuic, whose Proto-Vietic cognates are *tam (> Vietnamese đăm) and *taŋʔ (> đắng) respectively.

Đêm qua đi ngủ mấy giờ?

自变唏春卒吏添
苔蓬邏牟偷店

15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “芭蕉 Ba tiêu "Banana"”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):

With the first sign of spring, rejuvenated,
After [just] a night, the bunches [of bananas] are now miraculously full.

Từ bén hơi xuân tốt lại thêm,
Đầy buồng lạ mầu/màu thâu đêm.

night, especially late night after 9 PM, including the wee hours of the morning; the overnight hours; compare tối (“evening/night right after dark, about 6 to 8 PM”)


nghĩa trang

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ŋiə˧˨ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 義莊 (“(historical) place for storing coffins”).


nghĩa địa

[ŋiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[ŋiə˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[ŋiə˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]


trắng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trắng.wav

From Middle Vietnamese tlắng, from Proto-Vietic *k-laŋʔ (“white (of the eyes/eggs)”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaŋʔ ~ *kla(a)ŋ (“white”). Cognate with Muong tlẳng, Bahnar bơlang.

inh

Trẻ em như tờ giấy trắng.

tắm trắng


nước

head

nước • (渃, 𫭔, 匿)

vi-noun

nước • (渃, 𫭔, 匿)

From Middle Vietnamese nước, from Proto-Vietic *ɗaːk (“water”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɗaak (“water”). Cognates with Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects nác, Muong đác, Khmer ទឹក (tik), Bahnar đak, Eastern Mnong dak, Central Nicobarese râk/dâk and Santali ᱫᱟᱜ (dak’).

Vua hỏi: tay bẩn thì lấy nước để rửa, rứa nước bẩn lấy chi mà rửa? Ông quan thị vệ hoảng hốt, không biết trả lời thế nào. Vua liền nhấn giọng: “Nước bẩn thì lấy máu mà rửa!”.

2016 June 15, “Nước bẩn lấy máu mà rửa!”, in Tuổi Trẻ Online:

The emperor (Duy Tân) asked: “If your hands are dirty, you would wash them with water. But if the water (= country) is dirty, what would you wash it with?” The flustered court officials could not answer. The emperor then raised his voice: “If the water / country is dirty, you should wash it with blood!”


sữa

From Proto-Vietic *p-rah. Cognate with Muong khã, Nguôn [Cổ Liêm] rả.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰吕巴, composed of 巴 (MC pae) + 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: ba lã), ⿰吕巨, composed of 巨 (MC gjoX) + 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: cự lã) and 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: lã).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sữa.wav

sữa bò

sữa bột

sữa chua

Sữa mẹ là nguồn dinh dưỡng tốt nhất cho sự phát triển của trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ nhỏ.

Mothers' milk is the optimal nutrient for their newborns' and/or infants' development.

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young)


cà phê sữa đá

head

cà phê sữa đá

cà phê sữa đá

[kaː˨˩ fe˧˧ sɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ sɨə˧˨ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗaː˦˥]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗaː˦˥]

cà phê (“coffee”) + sữa (“milk”) + đá (“ice”, short for nước đá)

compound

short for <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nước đá</i>

a Vietnamese coffee drink made with brewed coffee, sweetened condensed milk, and ice


roentgeni

[ɹəːn˧˧ ɣɛn˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ɹəːŋ˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ɹəːŋ˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin roentgenium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


quỳnh

Ta mang cho em một đóa quỳnh; quỳnh thơm hay môi em thơm

1974, Trịnh Công Sơn (lyrics and music), “Quỳnh Hương (Ephyllium)”:

I've brought you an epiphyllum blossom; the fragrance, is it the epiphyllum’s or your lips’?


đen

Cognate with Muong ten (“to dye black”) and Chut [Mày] tɛn¹ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).


hồng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅 (“red”).
Semantic shift like this can be seen with other Sino-Vietnamese items that did not displace native terms but were nevertheless borrowed, see trúc (“Phyllostachys spp.”), huyết (“blood curd”).

Bông giấy ngũ sắc có 5 màu: đỏ, hồng, cam, trắng, tím; là loài dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh, chịu hạn tốt, phù hợp với khí hậu nhiệt đới.

2021, Thành Hiệp, “Thêm một vườn hoa đón du khách check-in [Another flower garden invites tourists to check-in]”, in Cần Thơ News Online:

Five-colored bougainvilleas are either red, pink, orange, white, or purple; they are easy to grow, rarely susceptible to pests and diseases, and drought-tolerant, thus fitting for the tropical climate.

Còn Tuấn Anh khi thấy chiếc xe rực một màu hồng sến sẩm thì méo xệ cả mặt mày.

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, chapter 3, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

And when Tuấn Anh saw the garishly pink bike, his face contorted.

Trận Stalingrad giữa phát xít Đức và Hồng quân Liên Xô được coi là đẫm máu nhất không chỉ trong Thế chiến 2 mà còn cả trong lịch sử nhân loại.

2015, Trung Hiếu, “Diễn biến trận đánh Stalingrad đẫm máu nhất lịch sử [Timeline of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Bloodiest in History]”, in VOV Online:

The battle of Stalingrad between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Red Army is deemed to be the bloodiest battle in not only the Second World War but also human history.


hồng

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

Theo ghi nhận của PV, hồng chín có lẽ là một trong những món ăn khoái khẩu của loài dơi. Tại nhiều khu vườn, những trái hồng chín căng mọng đều bị dơi cạp lỗ chỗ.

2022, Võ Tùng, “Nông dân khổ sở vì dơi phá hoại mùa hồng [Farmers in Anguish as Bats Ruin the Persimmon Harvest]”, in Báo Pháp Luật TP. Hồ Chí Minh [Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper]:

As noted by this reporter, ripe persimmons are possibly among bats' favorite foods. In many gardens, ripe, plump, and juicy persimmon fruits are all bitten full of holes by bats.

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

[ page 82]:What's in a name ? that which we call a rose

[...]Cái tên nào có nghĩa gì? Bông hồng kia

Hồng nào mà chẳng có gai! Nhưng

1842, Karl Marx, “Fünfter Artikel (Fifth Article)” in Debatten über Preßfreiheit und Publikation der Landständischen Verhandlungen (Debates on Freedom of the Press and Publication of the Proceedings of the Assembly of the Estates); 2010 [1975] English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, “Vol. 1”; 1995 Vietnamese translation from C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn Tập [K. Marx & F. Engels Complete Works], “Vol. 1”

Which rose has no thorn? Still, just you think! What do you lose with a free press?

các vị bị mất gì cùng với báo chí tự do!You cannot pluck the rose without its thorns! And what do you lose with a free press?(literally, )


nhịp

head

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

vi-noun

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

nhịp tim


tiêu

(music) a vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Vietnamese music


kripton

[kɹip̚˧˦ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ ɹip̚˧˦ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ zip̚˧˦ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɹip̚˦˧˥ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˦˩ ɹip̚˦˧˥ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɹip̚˦˥ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ ɹip̚˦˥ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

From French krypton, from English krypton.


lantan

Ultimately from New Latin lanthanum, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


tuyết

[t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tuyết.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雪. Doublet of toát (as in trắng toát).

Để được bay mãi lên thiên đường, / Một thiên đường tuyết rơi.

2004, Toàn Thắng (lyrics and music), “Cô bé mùa đông [The Winter Girl]”:

So I could ascend all the way to heaven, / A snowy heaven.


xanh

head

xanh • (撑, 𩇛, 𩇢, 𫕹) (diminutive reduplication xanh xanh)

撑 (CJK)
𩇛 (CJK)
𩇢 (CJK)
𫕹 (CJK)
xanh xanh (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 青 (“grue”, SV: thanh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thanh</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xanh.wav

Meronyms: lam (“blue”), lục (“green”)

bầu trời xanh thẳm

Lá còn xanh như anh đang còn trẻ. / Lá trên cành, như anh trong đoàn quân.

1950, Hoàng Việt (lyrics and music), “Lá xanh [Green Leaves]”:

A leaf is green, like he is young. / A leaf is on a branch, like he is in a troop.

Em yêu anh, ngả nghiêng, bồng bềnh niềm kiêu hãnh. / Thiên đường xanh mướt, gió trong lành […] Hãy yêu nhau, biển trời xanh mãi !

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

I love you, with drifting, floating pride. / A green paradise, with refreshing winds […] Let's be in love so the sea and the sky remain forever blue!


dương vật

[zɨəŋ˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dương vật.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陽物, composed of 陽 (“yang”) and 物 (“thing”).


trống

head

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

vi-noun

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𤿰 (CJK)
𫪹 (CJK)
𪔠 (CJK)
弄 (CJK)
𲎚 (CJK)

Borrowed from Tai. Compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng) and Lao ກອງ (kǭng).

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]


kèn ôboa

[kɛn˨˩ ʔo˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˦˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˨˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]


vi-ô-lông-xen

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]


kèn fagôt

[kɛn˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣot̚˧˦]

[kɛŋ˦˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˧˥]

[kɛŋ˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˥]

From kèn (“double-reed instrument”) + a component fagôt borrowed from a European language (compare Italian fagotto (“bassoon”)).


sáo nhỏ

[saːw˧˦ ɲɔ˧˩]

[ʂaːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[saːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[ʂaːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]

[saːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]


áo mưa

[ʔaːw˧˦ mɨə˧˧]

[ʔaːw˨˩˦ mɨə˧˧]

[ʔaːw˦˥ mɨə˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-áo mưa.wav

Có lần, trời sắp mưa, bố chồng tôi dặn: “Đem theo áo mưa con nhé”, câu nói đó làm tôi phát khóc vì từ bé tới giờ, tôi ít được quan tâm như thế.

2012 April 1, Vĩnh Khang, “Nhà văn Trang Hạ: Yêu người đàn ông biết bắt cướp [Trang Hạ, the Writer Who Loves a Man Who Chases down Muggers]”, in Nông nghiệp Việt Nam [Vietnamese Agriculture]:

One time when it was about to rain, my father-in-law told me, "Don't forget your raincoat," which made me cry because I had rarely ever been cared about that way since childhood.

Tại vì bình thường thì lúc nào sếp cũng chuẩn bị sẵn áo mưa, và xưa nay lần nào cũng mang bao. Nhưng có một lần ông sếp phải cách ba tháng mới quay lại đây, không mang bao. Hạ Âu cũng không biết, không cảm nhận.

(Can we date this quote?), 曹婷, “Chương 16: Tiếng than [Chapter 16: The Groan]”, in Đỗ Thu Thuỷ, transl., Xin lỗi, em chỉ là con đĩ [Sorry, I'm Just a Whore], translation of 我把爱情煲成汤:

'Cause he usually had his raincoats ready and always got gloved up. But one time he came back after three months without a glove. He Ou didn't know and didn't feel anything.

(slang) Synonym of bao cao su (“raincoat”) (condom)


sáo

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哨 (SV: tiêu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiêu</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sáu.wav


đá

vi-noun

(classifier tảng, hòn, viên, cục) đá • (𥒥, 坧)

tảng (classifier)
hòn (classifier)
viên (classifier)
cục (classifier)
𥒥 (CJK)
坧 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“rock”). Cognate with Arem atæːˀ.
Schuessler (2007) claims that this Vietic word and Khmer ដា (daa) might be related to Chinese 石 (OC *dAk) (B-S) (SV: thạch). However, this is unlikely due to both
*the mismatch between final *-k and *-ʔ (unless Chinese added "the familiar final -k" after foreign *-ʔ, resulting in *-ʔ-k > *-k; for an analogy, Chinese 汝 (OC *naʔ) > Chinese 若 (OC *nak))
*and the fact the Khmer word is likely borrowed from Vietnamese or another Vietic language instead of inheriting from a common source.


月琴

chữ Hán form of nguyệt cầm (“moon lute”).


đàn nguyệt

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“classifier used for stringed instruments”) and 月 (“moon”).

vi-etym-sino

moon lute, a traditional Vietnamese plucked, fretted lute with a round body and two strings


đàn gáo

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɣaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɣaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɣaːw˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“musical instrument”) + gáo (“dipper”).

compound

a traditional Vietnamese bowed string instrument with two strings and a coconut shell resonator


đàn bầu

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 彈匏 (SV: đàn bào).
Compound of đàn (“a classifier designating string instruments”) + bầu (“gourd; the instrument formerly had a resonator made from a dried gourd”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đàn bào</i>


đàn nhị

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“musical instrument”) and 二 (“two, in reference to the two strings”).

vi-etym-sino

a vertical bowed string instrument with two strings, used in the traditional and classical music of Vietnam


nhã nhạc

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˧˨ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雅樂, composed of 雅 (“elegant”) and 樂 (“music”), from Middle Chinese 雅樂 (ŋˠa^X ŋˠʌk̚).

nhã nhạc cung đình Huế

(music) the ancient court ritual music of Vietnam, of Chinese origin


bạc

From Proto-Vietic *baːk (“white”), a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 白 (“white”, SV: bạch); cognate with Proto-Pong *paːk⁸ (“white”), Pong paːk, Thổ pɐːk⁸. The semantic development “white” > “silver” parallels that of vàng (“yellow” > “gold”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bạch</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bạc.wav


bạc

silver (either in material or in appearance)


bạc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 博 (“to gamble”, SV: bác).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bác</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đen tình, đỏ bạc.

Bad luck in romance brings good luck in gambling.


sắt

From Middle Vietnamese sắt, from Proto-Vietic *k-rac, from some form of Old Chinese 鐵 (OC *l̥ˤik) (B-S) (SV: thiết). Cognates within Vietic include Muong Bi khách and Chut [Rục] kʰlat⁷. Compare Lakkia kʰjãk⁵⁵ (Pain, 2020).
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 可列 (MC khaX ljet) (modern SV: khả liệt).


heli

Ultimately from New Latin helium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


hát ru

[haːk̚˦˧˥ ʐʊw˧˧]

[haːk̚˦˥ ɹʊw˧˧]


Thái Dương

[tʰaːj˧˦ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]


Mặt Trời

[mat̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[mak̚˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[mak̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

A compound of mặt (originally meaning “eye”) + trời (“sky; heavens”), literally “eye of the heavens”, a common metaphor for the Sun in Austroasiatic, Austronesian and Kra-Dai languages in Southeast Asia. Compare Thai ตะวัน (dtà-wan), Malay matahari, Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂ŋiiʔ (“Sun”) < **[ma]t₂-ŋiiʔ (Benedict, 1976). Cognate with Muong măt tlời.

com

𪬪(Gió)𠺙(thổi)末(Mặt)𫶸(Trời)炪(đốt)昌(xương)泊(bạc)珊(tan)索(tác)工(trong)圭(quê)渃(nước)㝵(người)

Copy from 18th century, Urtext probably from 12th or 15th century, Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經):

[Under the] blowing winds and burning Sun, white bones keep decaying on foreign soil.


clo

[kəː˨˩ lɔ˧˧]

[kəː˦˩ lɔ˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ lɔ˧˧]

From French chlore, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós).


nitroglyxerin

[ni˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ɣli˧˧ sɛ˧˧ ɹin˧˧]

[ni˧˧ t͡ɕɔ˧˧ ɣli˧˧ sɛ˧˧ zin˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ʈɔ˧˧ ɣlɪj˧˧ sɛ˧˧ ɹin˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ ʈɔ˧˧ ɣlɪj˧˧ sɛ˧˧ ɹɨn˧˧]


lạnh

head

lạnh • (冷, 令) (diminutive reduplication lành lạnh)

冷 (CJK)
令 (CJK)
lành lạnh (diminutive reduplication)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lạnh.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 冷 (“cold”, SV: lãnh). Displaced native giá, which is now present only in compounds, such as giá lạnh and buốt giá.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lãnh</i>


lửa

ngọn (classifier)
đám (classifier)
焒 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lửa.wav

From Proto-Vietic *-laːs (“fire”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *slaas ~ *slaʔ (“fire, to burn”). Cognate with Proto-Palaungic *laːs (“to burn”) (whence Riang [Lang] las² ("to scrape, strike a match")) and Proto-Katuic *las (“to trigger; fire shot”) (whence Pacoh layh). Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects lả.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 阿呂 (MC 'a ljoX) (modern SV: a lã or a lữ).

cog

thổi bùng lên ngọn lửa đam mê

to blow the passionate flame; the ignite passion


măng tây

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-măng tây.wav

Audio (Hà Nội)

măng (“bamboo shoot”) + tây (“Western”). Compare Khmer ទំពាំងបារាំង (tumpĕəngbaarĕəng, literally “French bamboo shoot”) and Thai หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง (nɔ̀ɔ-máai-fà-ràng, literally “foreign/Western bamboo shoot”).

ទំពាំងបារាំង

ncog

หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง


sinh tố

[sïŋ˧˧ to˧˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ tow˨˩˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ tow˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生素, composed of 生 (“life”) and 素 (“element”), from Chinese 維生素／维生素 (duy sinh tố, literally “life-sustaining element”).


tantan

Ultimately from New Latin tantalum, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


lựu đạn

[liw˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːn˧˨ʔ]

[lɨw˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[lɨw˨˩˨ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩˨]


bismut

[ʔɓit̚˧˧ mut̚˧˧]

[ʔɓit̚˧˧ mʊk̚˧˧]

[ʔɓɨt̚˧˧ mʊk͡p̚˧˧]


xá xị

[saː˧˦ si˧˨ʔ]

[saː˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩ʔ]

[saː˦˥ sɪj˨˩˨]

From Sarsi, a sarsaparilla-flavored soft drink produced in Taiwan and Southeast Asian nations.


công-xéc-tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


công xéc tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


giết

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-giết.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-ə-ceːt (surface form of morphologically *k-pr-ceːt, with *-pr- reduced to *-r- then to a vocalic element), the causative form of *k-ceːt (“to die”) (whence chết). Cognate with Chut [Rục] kuciːt⁷ ("to kill"), Proto-Monic *k-r-cət (“to kill”) (whence Mon ဂစိုတ်).

giết người

giết người hàng loạt


黃帝

chữ Hán form of Hoàng Đế (“(Chinese mythology) the Yellow Emperor (legendary Chinese sovereign)”).


hố đen

[ho˧˦ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[how˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[how˦˥ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

hố (“dug pit/hole”) + đen (“black”), literally “black dug hole”. Compare lỗ đen (literally “black punctured hole”).

af

Synonym of lỗ đen (“a black hole”) (celestial body)


sét

From Proto-Vietic *p-rɛːt (“lightning”). Cognate with Pong pʰlɛːt⁷. Compare Tày phiét /pʰʲɛt/, a borrowing from Vietic.

sét hòn


hassi

[haːk̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˧]

[haːk̚˦˥ sɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin hassium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


tam âm la

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三 (“three”), 音 (“sound”) and 鑼 (“gong”).

vi-etym-sino

a traditional Vietnamese musical instrument consisting of three small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese yunluo and used in nhã nhạc


đông

vụ đông xuân

xuân hạ thu đông


uýt-ki

[ʔwɨt̚˦˧˥ kɪj˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɨt̚˦˥ kɪj˧˧]


sâm panh

[səm˧˧ pajŋ̟˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ pɛɲ˧˧]

[səm˧˧ pɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ pan˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]


rượu

head

rượu • (酒, 溜, 𨢇, 𤄍)

vi-noun

rượu • (酒, 溜, 𨢇, 𤄍)

From Proto-Vietic *raːwʔ. Cognate with Muong Bi rão, Tho [Cuối Chăm] riɛw⁴, Proto-Pong *riɛw⁴. This word is only attested in the more innovative subgroups (Viet-Muong, Tho, Pong), while the more conservative subgroups such as Chutic inheriting reflexes of *p-ɗoː (originally "yeast", cf. Khmu [Cuang] pdoʔ ("yeast")) or some other words.
Considering the paucity of cognates, the lack of indication of semantic shift from earlier meaning and that it is a cultural item, this is probably ultimately a loanword, although the origin is not yet clear. However, compare Proto-Tai *ʰlawꟲ (whence Thai เหล้า (lâo)), as well as these Sino-Tibetan words: Chinese 醪 (OC *ruːw, “alcohol with dregs”) (ZS),Tibetan རུ་མ (ru ma, “curdled milk”), and Jingpho ru (“liquor”).
This is not a cognate nor descendant of Chinese 酒 (OC *tsuʔ) (B-S). As indicated by reflexes in other Vietic languages, Vietnamese ‹r-› is inherited and is not the result of spirantization.


asen

[ʔaː˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɛn˧˧]


nước bọt

[nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɓɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɓɔk̚˨˩˨]

(rather formal) saliva (liquid secreted into the mouth)


stibi

[sti˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[səː˨˩ ti˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[stɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[səː˦˩ tɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[stɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[səː˨˩ tɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from Latin stibium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


mặt

From Middle Vietnamese mặt.
Originally meaning “eye” and is the regular descendant of Proto-Vietic *mat (“eye”), further from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mat (“eye”). Related to mắt (“eye”). The semantic change of “eye” > “face” can also be seen in Muong, most dialects of which use a single form, măt, to mean both “eye” and “face”.

tay mặt


silic

[si˧˧ lïk̟̚˧˦]

[sɪj˧˧ lïk̟̚˦˧˥]

[sɪj˧˧ lïk̟̚˦˥]


thiên văn học

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ jaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

nhà thiên văn học


bãi biển

[ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʔɓaːj˧˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]


đàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“to play (a musical instrument)”).

vi-etym-sino

a number of musical instruments (properly a string instrument, though used for a few non-string instruments)


ghi-ta

[ɣi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

ghi-ta điện


huyền

đen huyền

tóc huyền

(thanh) huyền

(dấu) huyền

the grave accent for representing the huyền tone


lục

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綠, from Literary Chinese 綠, using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 綠／绿 (“green”) and 藍／蓝 (lam, “blue”). See also xanh (“grue”).

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


máu

head

泖, 𧖱, 𧖰, 卯, 毛

vi-noun

泖, 𧖱, 𧖰, 卯, 毛

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-máu.wav

From Proto-Vietic *t-muːʔ (“sap”).
For the semantic development, compare Albanian gjak, Javanese getih, Tagalog dugô, all mean "blood". See also máu mủ.


anken

[ʔaːn˧˧ kɛn˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ kɛŋ˧˧]


crom

[kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ zom˧˧]

[kəː˦˩ ɹom˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ ɹom˧˧]


samari

[saː˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[saː˧˧ maː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[saː˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[saː˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin samarium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


bão

cơn (classifier)
暴 (CJK)
雹 (CJK)
𣋰 (CJK)
𩙕 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 暴 (“violent; vicious”, SV: bạo).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bạo</i>


chân trời sự kiện

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəːj˨˩ sɨ˧˨ʔ kiən˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˦˩ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ kiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˦˩ sɨ˨˩ʔ kiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˨˩ ʂɨ˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨]

[cəŋ˧˧ ʈəːj˨˩ sɨ˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨]

chân trời (“horizon”) + sự kiện (“event”), calque of English event horizon.


bohri

[ʔɓo˧˧ zi˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ ʐɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin bohrium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


darmstadti

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ staːt̚˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ staːk̚˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗaːm˧˧ staːk̚˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin darmstadtium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


seaborgi

[si˧˧ ʔɓɔ˧˧ ɣi˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓɔ˧˧ ɣɪj˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓɔ˧˧ ɣɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin seaborgium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


meitneri

[maj˧˧ nəː˧˧ zi˧˧]

[maj˧˧ nəː˧˧ ʐɪj˧˧]

[ma(ː)j˧˧ nəː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin meitnerium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


vũ trụ

[vu˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ]

[vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[vʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

[jʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vũ trụ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 宇宙, composed of 宇 (“eaves; space”) and 宙 (“beams; time”), from Literary Chinese 宇宙 (yǔzhòu, “eaves and beams; space and time; heaven and earth; the world”). Perhaps the idea was that eaves form an enclosure, a "space"; while beams are more linear and representative of time, although Literary Chinese 宙 (zhòu) was also used for "heaven" which is more "space" than "time". Compare thế giới.


enzim

[ʔɛn˧˧ zim˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ zim˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ jim˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ zim˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ jim˧˧]


tháp

tháp Chăm/Chàm


axit

[ʔaː˧˧ sit̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ sit̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨt̚˦˥]


hồng ngoại

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅外, composed of 紅 (“crimson”) and 外 (“outside”). Compare Japanese 赤外 (sekigai, xích ngoại).

vi-etym-sino

bức xạ hồng ngoại


cốc tai

[kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ taːj˧˧]

From English cocktail or French cocktail.


mùa hạ

[muə˨˩ haː˧˨ʔ]

[muə˦˩ haː˨˩ʔ]

[muə˨˩ haː˨˩˨]


mùa thu

[muə˨˩ tʰu˧˧]

[muə˦˩ tʰʊw˧˧]

[muə˨˩ tʰʊw˧˧]


mùa đông

[muə˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[muə˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[muə˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùa đông.wav


mùa xuân

[muə˦˩ swəŋ˧˧]

[muə˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùa xuân.wav


chu sa

[t͡ɕu˧˧ saː˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ ʂaː˧˧]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ saː˧˧]

[cʊw˧˧ ʂaː˧˧]

[cʊw˧˧ saː˧˧]


mùa

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùa.wav

Likely non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 務 (SV: vụ); most probably originally referred to agricultural cycle, which overlaps with natural seasons.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Each of the four divisions of a year: spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter.

A part of a year when something particular happens.

A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.


hạ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夏. Doublet of hè. Compare xe and xa, chè and trà. Also compare Japanese go-on reading げ (ge) and kan-on reading か (ka) of the same Chinese word.

xuân hạ thu đông


nguyệt cầm

[ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ kəm˨˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ kəm˦˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 月琴, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 琴 (“stringed instrument”).


trăng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trăng.wav

From Proto-Vietic *b-laŋ. This is the Central-Southern form, now also the most common written form. See giai for the sound changes.
The Northern Middle Vietnamese form is attested as blang in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
Most likely a false cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bulaN (“moon”) (whence Malay bulan, Javanese wulan, Tagalog buan and Malagasy volana) and Proto-Tai *ɓlɯənᴬ (“moon”) (whence Thai เดือน (dʉʉan), Saek เบรี๋ยน, Zhuang ndwen), see more at the entry *b-laŋ.

cog

Saek เบรี๋ยน


sương mù

[sɨəŋ˧˧ mu˨˩]

[ʂɨəŋ˧˧ mʊw˦˩]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ mʊw˦˩]

[ʂɨəŋ˧˧ mʊw˨˩]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ mʊw˨˩]


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

(music) to play (a non-wind instrument); compare thổi (“to play/blow (a wind instrument)”)


rắn

From Proto-Vietic *k-sanʔ (“solid; hard; firm”). Cognate with Arem tʰanˀ.


cầm

(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument


Ngân Hà

[ŋən˧˧ haː˨˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haː˦˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 銀河 (“Milky Way; galaxy”).


gió

head

俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅

vi-noun

俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅

(classifier cơn, ngọn, con, luồng, làn) gió • (俞, 愈, 𪬪, 𫗄, 𫗃, 𩙍, 𫖾, 𩙌, 𩙋, 𫕲, 逾, 𩖅)

cơn (classifier)
ngọn (classifier)
con (classifier)
luồng (classifier)
làn (classifier)
俞 (CJK)
愈 (CJK)
𪬪 (CJK)
𫗄 (CJK)
𫗃 (CJK)
𩙍 (CJK)
𫖾 (CJK)
𩙌 (CJK)
𩙋 (CJK)
𫕲 (CJK)
逾 (CJK)
𩖅 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gió.wav

From Middle Vietnamese gió, from Proto-Vietic *k-jɔːʔ ~ *kʰjɔːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kjaal. Cognate with Muong xỏ, Arem kajɑːʔ, Pacoh cudyial, Khmer ខ្យល់ (khyɑl), Bahnar kial and Santali ᱦᱚᱭ (hôy).
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𪬪, composed of 个 (MC kaH) + 愈 (MC yuX) (modern SV: cá dũ), and 愈 (MC yuX) (modern SV: dũ). Attested in the Annan Jishi (安南即事, 13th century) as 教 (MC kaewH) (compare the Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese readings of the character).
The rime of the Vietic and Munda forms (with back, rounded vowel) does not really match with the rest of Austroasiatic (which has *-aːl) and is probably one of the few identifiable Vieto-Munda isoglosses. Compare Juang kojo, Chut [Rục] kəjɔː³ vs. Old Mon kyāl, Talieng kjaːl.

Cơn gió nào đưa anh đến đây?

Cuốn theo chiều gió

Yếu mà còn ra gió.

You go out into the wind even though you're weak. / Don't expose yourself to the wind if you're so weak. / Don't try to do daring things if you really can't.

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) harmful elements that are believed to cause fevers, especially if the patient is exposed to a lot of wind, commonly thought of as actual harmful winds that can penetrate the body and that can be guarded against with silver-coated necklaces, wristbands or ankle bands


chết

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chết.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”). Related to giết (“to kill”).
For its relation, or lack thereof, to the Old Yue word meaning "to die" and written as 札, see that entry.

cái chết

sự chết

Thần Chết

Death (personification of death) (literally, “god of death”)

Biết chết liền.

Damned if I know (literally, “If I knew I'd die at once.”).

c. 53 - 57 CE, 1 Corinthians 15:26; 1926 Vietnamese translation by Phan Khôi et al.; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Kẻ thù bị hủy-diệt sau-cùng, tức là sự chết.
The last enemy to be destroyed is death.

Nguyễn Bình, Nếu Tôi Phải Chết; translated from Refaat Alareer, If I Must Die; in Uyên Thi (2024 February 22) “Nghệ thuật không phải nơi trú ẩn [Art Is Not a Hideaway]”, in L'Officiel Vietnam
Nếu tôi phải chết
thì bạn phải sống
[...]
Nếu tôi phải chết,
hãy để điều ấy mang đến hy vọng,
hay để điều ấy trở thành chuyện kể.
If I must die
you must live
…
If I must die
let it bring hope
let it be a tale


chết

cá chết


nấu

head

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

vi-verb

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

𤒛 (CJK)
𤍇 (CJK)
耨 (CJK)
𤋷 (CJK)
惱 (CJK)
搙 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɗoːʔ. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] dɔː³.

nấu cơm


đốt

head

炪, 焠, 㷝, 𤋿, 㤕

đốt • (炪, 焠, 㷝, 𤋿, 㤕)

vi-verb

炪, 焠, 㷝, 𤋿, 㤕

đốt • (炪, 焠, 㷝, 𤋿, 㤕)

From Proto-Vietic *tuːc (“to light”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ut ~ *t₁uut ~ *t₁uc ~ *t₁uuc (“to light”). Cognate with Muong tốch, Khmer ដុត (dot, “to set light to, burn, grill”), Khasi thuit (“to catch fire”), Semai tòòt (“to burn, set light”).

cog

đốt nhà

(transitive) to set fire to; to set ablaze; to ignite


đốt

head

đốt • (焠, 󱦭)

vi-verb

đốt • (焠, 󱦭)

From Proto-Vietic *toːc (“to bite (snake), to sting”).

inh

bị ong đốt

(transitive, Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam, of an insect) to sting


điện tử

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 電子, composed of 電 (“electricity”) and 子 (“small thing”), from Japanese 電子 (denshi).


mật

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kmət ~ *k(p)mat (“gall”). Cognate with Chut [Rục] mɨt⁸, Semai kemat (“gall bladder”), Bahnar kơmăt/kơmơ̆t (“gall bladder”), Pacoh mít and Khmer ប្រមាត់ (prɑɑmŏət).

cog

Khmer ប្រមាត់ (prɑɑmŏət)


sôi

head

㵢, 炊, 熣, 𢐝, 𤉚, 𤐝

vi-adj

㵢, 炊, 熣, 𢐝, 𤉚, 𤐝

㵢 (CJK)
炊 (CJK)
熣 (CJK)
𢐝 (CJK)
𤉚 (CJK)
𤐝 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *t-ruːj ~ *t-ruːs/*k-luːs. Probably related to sủi (“to bubble”).

nước sôi


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鵬. See also đại bàng (“eagle”).

Zhuangzi, ch. 1. English translation by James Legge; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

In the Northern Ocean there is a fish, the name of which is Kun - I do not know how many li in size. It changes into a bird with the name of Peng, the back of which is (also) - I do not know how many li in extent.

Biển Bắc có con cá gọi là cá côn, mình dài không biết mấy ngàn dặm. Nó biến thành con chim gọi là chim bằng, lưng rộng không biết mấy ngàn dặm.

(rare, Chinese mythology) (chim ~) Peng, a giant mythical bird


flo

[fəː˨˩ lɔ˧˧]

[fəː˦˩ lɔ˧˧]

[fəː˨˩ lɔ˧˧]


thiên hướng tình dục

[tʰiən˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˦ tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˧˥ tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ hɨəŋ˦˥ tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thiên hướng tình dục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 偏向 and 情欲 (“sexual desire”).


tình dục

[tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tình dục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情慾 (“lust; sexual desire”).


thuốc phiện

[tʰuək̚˧˦ fiən˧˨ʔ]

[tʰuək̚˦˧˥ fiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tʰuək̚˦˥ fiəŋ˨˩˨]

From thuốc (“drug”) + phiện (片) (short for á phiện (鴉片, “opium”)).


sắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 色 (“color; beauty”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sắc.wav

bảy sắc cầu vồng


bức

Không có lấy một chút gió nhẹ cho đỡ bức.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 4, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

There was not the slightest bit of wind to dispel the heat.


mọc

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
𦙣 (CJK)

According to folk etymology: derived from the name of the Kẻ Mọc area (tên Nôm of the Nhân Mục (仁睦) villages) in current-day Hanoi, where the dish bún mọc is said to originate.

(cooking) meatballs served in some noodle dishes


giao cấu

[jaːw˧˧ kəw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-giao cấu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 交媾 (“to copulate; intercourse”).

(chiefly biology) to copulate; to have sex


phách

a clapper or woodblock made out of bamboo or hardwood, used in the traditional music of Vietnam, including ca trù


giai điệu

[zaːj˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


đàn tam

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ taːm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“a classifier designating string instruments”) and 三 (“three”).

a fretless lute with snakeskin-covered body and three strings


xác

From Middle Vietnamese xác. Compare Thai ซาก (sâak). Sino-Vietnamese word from 殼 (“shell”).


bao dương vật

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bao dương vật.wav


bao cao su

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ kaːw˧˧ su˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ kaːw˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ kaːw˧˧ sʊw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ kaːw˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ kaːw˧˧ sʊw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bao cao su.wav


tì bà

[ti˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

[tɪj˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩]

[tɪj˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

pipa (pear-shaped plucked lute) or one of its derivatives (Vietnamese dan ty ba, Japanese biwa, Korean bipa)


phổ

phổ nhạc

to compose a score or to arrange it; to set to music

phổ lời

(music) to compose a score, arrange, or write lyrics to a song


quách

Trong quan, ngoài quách.
Casket insides; sarcophagus outsides.

(rare or obsolete) sarcophagus; outer coffin


quách

(colloquial, informal) (doing something) in order to have done with it; decidedly


âm vật

[ʔəm˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm vật.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰物, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 物 (“thing”).


tiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仙, also written as 僊.

thần tiên

Bát Tiên

Hằng Nga Tiên tử

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)


huyết

Sino-Vietnamese word from 血 (“blood”).
For a parallel where a Sino-Vietnamese item acquires cookery denotation, see bì (“skin as food”) (vs. native da (“skin”)). For a reverse case, compare Sino-Vietnamese não vs. native óc.

Bún riêu thì phải có huyết.

Bún riêu is supposed to have blood curd (in it).


nhóm

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhóm.wav

Tụi mình có nhóm lại cũng chả đẩy nổi cái xe này đi đâu.

Even if we team up, we still won't be able push this car forward.


bệch

[ʔɓəjk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 白 (SV: bạch).


khoá

cái (classifier)
課 (CJK)
鎖 (CJK)
銙 (CJK)
錁 (CJK)

Short for chìa khoá (“key”). Also semantic loan from English key and semantic loan from French clef.


lăng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陵 (“imperial gravemound”).

lăng Bác ― Uncle [Ho Chi Minh]'s mausoleum

lăng cá Ông


đuốc

ngọn (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𤒘 (CJK)

From Old Chinese 燭 (OC *tok) (B-S) (SV: chúc).


phin

cà phê phin


kèn túi

[kɛŋ˦˩ tuj˨˩˦]

[kɛŋ˨˩ tuj˦˥]


cốt

Trong sự thờ là cốt để người sống trông vào, chứ đức Thánh thì ngài có đâu đấy.

1907, Tân Nam Tử (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh), “Thiếu gạo ăn thừa giấy đốt”, in Đăng Cổ Tùng Báo:

Veneration is really just for the livings to feel good about themselves; as for the gods, it is not like they are there to see.

Bói cốt là đem việc mình mà hỏi quỉ thần, để quyết cái lòng mình ngờ vực, định cái sự mình hồ nghi, cho đặng biết đường hay lẽ phải để theo về đường lành mà lánh đường dữ.

1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]:

Divination is essentially asking supernatural beings about matters that directly concern oneself, in order to resolve our doubts, to get to the truth about things we suspect, to follow the good and right path and avoid the path that brings us disasters.


cốt

From etymology above, as seen in the expression ‘[có] căn cốt đồng’ “[to have] the essence / inner quality to be a medium”.

bà cốt

ông cốt

𨔍(Lạ)之(gì)󰜋(một)骨(cốt)󰜋(một)同(đồng)初(xưa)󰅒(nay)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, line 1162:

Little wonder that the witch and the medium have been working hand in glove with each other!


trà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 茶. Doublet of lá and chè.

chén uống trà

(Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam) tea


tinh dịch

[tïŋ˧˧ zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨]


khai huyệt

[kʰaːj˧˧ hwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰaːj˧˧ wiək̚˨˩˨]

[xaːj˧˧ wiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 開 (“to open”) and 穴 (“grave”).


hồ li

Daji
King Zhou of Shang
huli jing
vi:Hồ ly tinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 狐狸 (“fox”), shortened from Chinese 狐狸精 (hồ li tinh, “huli jing”, literally “fox spirit”). The most well-known of this kind is a fictitious counterpart of Daji, a female one that allured King Zhou of Shang into a reign of cruelty.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hồ li tinh</i>

(Chinese mythology) a type of fox yaoguai that disguises as a human; a fox in human's clothing


Hán

người Hán

sông Hán


Hán

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty
vi:Hán


nhạc cụ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ ku˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ kʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhạc cụ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂具, composed of 樂 (“music”) and 具 (“instrument”).


sữa đặc

[sɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨə˧˨ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]

[sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]


thiên

Tale of Kieu (金雲翹新傳)
曲茄𢬣捛𢧚章没篇薄命吏強𱞐人
Khúc nhà tay lựa nên chương. Một thiên “Bạc mệnh” lại càng não nhân.
She herself composed the song for her singing, a heart-tearing lyric of woman’s sufferings.

(historical) piece of poetry, an article, a song


ngư lôi

[ŋɨ˧˧ loj˧˧]

[ŋɨ˧˧ loj˧˧]

[ŋɨ˧˧ loj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魚雷, composed of 魚 (“fish”) and 雷 (“thunder”).


vệ tinh

[ve˧˨ʔ tïŋ˧˧]


Con đường tơ lụa

[kɔn˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ təː˧˧ luə˧˨ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ təː˧˧ luə˨˩ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ təː˧˧ luə˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Con đường tơ lụa.wav


bão cát

[ʔɓaːw˦ˀ˥ kaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ kaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ kaːk̚˦˥]


tình ca

[tïŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情歌, composed of 情 (“love”) and 歌 (“song”).

Câu chuyện là một bản tình ca hùng tráng, khơi dậy tình yêu quê hương, đất nước.

The story is an epic that evokes palpable love for one's home, one's country.

(literary, music, poetry, literature) a song, poem or narrative that evokes a strong feeling of love (romantic, patriotic, nostalgic or otherwise)


trà trân châu

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʈəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʈəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]


giết người

[ziət̚˧˦ ŋɨəj˨˩]

[jiək̚˦˧˥ ŋɨj˦˩]

[jiək̚˦˥ ŋɨj˨˩]


ám sát

[ʔaːm˧˦ saːt̚˧˦]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːm˦˥ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[ʔaːm˦˥ saːk̚˦˥]

kẻ ám sát


thi hài

[tʰɪj˧˧ haːj˦˩]

[tʰɪj˧˧ haːj˨˩]

Thế rồi thi hài nàng hoá thành dây trầu leo quanh cây cau.

Then her corpse turned into a betel vine climbing around the areca tree.


hài cốt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 骸骨 (“skeleton”).

remains (what is left after a person dies)


ngả

From Proto-Vietic *t-ŋah (“to lie on the back”); whence also ngửa. Cognate with Chut [Rục] təŋah¹.


tử

điện tử

quang tử

nguyên tử

phân tử


xác ướp

[saːk̚˧˦ ʔɨəp̚˧˦]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɨəp̚˦˧˥]

[saːk̚˦˥ ʔɨəp̚˦˥]


ướp

head

ướp • (押, 浥)

vi-verb

ướp • (押, 浥)

Borrowed from Tai, compare Proto-Tai *ʔɯǝpᴰ (“to salt”).


prometi

[pəː˨˩ ɹo˧˧ me˧˧ ti˧˧]

[pəː˨˩ zo˧˧ me˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ɹo˧˧ me˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ zo˧˧ me˧˧ ti˧˧]

[pəː˦˩ ɹow˧˧ mej˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˦˩ ɹow˧˧ mej˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[pəː˨˩ ɹow˧˧ mej˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓəː˨˩ ɹow˧˧ mej˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin promethium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


chuông

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
鍾 (CJK)
鐘 (CJK)

→ Khmer: ជួង (cuəng)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chuông.wav

From Middle Vietnamese chuâng. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鐘 (SV: chung).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chung</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chuông gọi hồn ai

For Whom the Bell Tolls (literally, “Whose Soul Does the Bell Call On?”)

Đeo/Treo chuông cổ mèo


cổ điển

[ko˧˩ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[kow˧˨ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古典, composed of 古 (“old”) and 典 (“canon”).

classical (literature etc; describing a style of music; in physics; art etc)


âm chủ

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音 (“tone”) and 主 (“primary”), calque of Chinese 主音 (chủ âm).


khí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khí.wav

khí trời

(chiefly in fixed expressions, physics, meteorology) Clipping of không khí (“air”).


quặng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 礦 (SV: khoáng). Doublet of khoáng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">khoáng</i>


nguyệt thực

[ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nguyệt thực.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 月食, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 食 (“to eat; eclipse”),
Sino-Vietnamese word from 月蝕, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 蝕 (“eclipse”).


láy rền

[la(ː)j˦˥ ɹəːn˨˩]


nhịp điệu

[ɲip̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


cải lương

[kaːj˧˩ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˧˨ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 改良, composed of 改 (“to change”) and 良 (“good, honest”).

a form of folk musical theater from southern Vietnam ("reformed theatre")


hợp âm rải

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧ zaːj˧˩]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧ ʐaːj˧˨]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧ ɹaːj˨˩˦]


hợp âm

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hợp âm.wav


bài hát

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːj˦˩ haːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːk̚˦˥]

From bài (“writing, piece of writing”) + hát (“to sing”).


dân ca

[zən˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 民歌 (“folk song”).


giao hưởng

[zaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˩]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˨]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˨˩˦]


dàn nhạc

[zaːn˨˩ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]


nhạc sĩ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂 (“music”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).

a musician, especially a songwriter or a composer


âm nhạc

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: nhạc (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


xuất tinh

[swət̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˧]

[swək̚˦˧˥ tɨn˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥ tɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xuất tinh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 出 (“to let out”) and 精 (“semen”)


âm thanh

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ tʰan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm thanh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音聲, composed of 音 (“sound; phone”) and 聲 (“sound; tone; noise”).


tiếng ồn

[tiəŋ˧˦ ʔon˨˩]

[tiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔoŋ˦˩]

[tiəŋ˦˥ ʔoŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-tiếng ồn.wav

From tiếng (“sound”) + ồn (“loud, noisy”).


ca khúc

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


ca trù

[kaː˧˧ t͡ɕu˨˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˦˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩]

歌 (song) + 籌 (bamboo card). Bamboo cards were formerly sold to listeners, who would award them to their favorite singers, who then redeemed the cards for money.

ca tru, a genre of traditional singing from northern Vietnam


than đá

[tʰaːn˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[tʰaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˥]

than (“coal; charcoal”) + đá (“rock”), calque of Chinese 石炭 (thạch thán, “coal”).


diễn tấu

[ziən˦ˀ˥ təw˧˦]

[jiəŋ˧˨ təw˨˩˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ təw˦˥]


năng lượng

[naŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[naŋ˧˧ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-năng lượng.wav

Năng lượng không tự sinh ra, không tự mất đi.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.


vật chất

[vət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕət̚˧˦]

[vək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥]

[vək̚˨˩˨ cək̚˦˥]

[jək̚˨˩˨ cək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vật chất.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 物質, composed of 物 (“thing”) and 質 (“substance”).

vi-etym-sino

Vật chất có trước, ý thức có sau.


ánh sáng

[ʔajŋ̟˧˦ saːŋ˧˦]

[ʔɛɲ˦˧˥ ʂaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɛɲ˦˧˥ saːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔan˦˥ ʂaːŋ˦˥]

[ʔan˦˥ saːŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ánh sáng.wav

Thiên Chúa phán: “Phải có ánh sáng.” Liền có ánh sáng.

(Can we date this quote?), “Sách Sáng Thế 1 [The Book of Genesis 1]”, in Kinh Thánh [The Holy Bible]:

The Lord said, "Let there be light." And there was promptly light.


neptuni

[nɛp̚˧˦ tu˧˧ ni˧˧]

[nɛp̚˦˧˥ tʊw˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[nɛp̚˦˥ tʊw˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin uranium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


europi

[ʔew˧˧ ɹo˧˧ pi˧˧]

[ʔew˧˧ ɹow˧˧ pɪj˧˧]

[ʔew˧˧ ɹow˧˧ pɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin europium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


actini

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ti˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin actinium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


ruteni

[ɹu˧˧ te˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ tej˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ tej˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin ruthenium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


poloni

[ʔɓo˧˧ lo˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ low˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ low˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin polonium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


platin

Ultimately from New Latin platinum, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


phẩm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 品 (“item; article; courtier rank”). Doublet of phím. Compare Japanese 品 (hon, -bon, -pon, “courtier rank”).

cog

nhất phẩm

cửu phẩm

(history) a rank for East Asian courtiers


馬頭琴

chữ Hán form of mã đầu cầm (“morin khuur”).


thây

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 屍 (“corpse”, SV: thi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>


côn

(rare, Chinese mythology) (cá ~) Kun, a giant mythical fish


xeri

[sɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin cerium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


iot

thiếu iot

mentally retarded (literally, “iodine-deficient”)


nhôm

Shortened from a-luy-mi-nhôm, from French aluminium, from English aluminium.


盤古

chữ Hán form of Bàn Cổ (“(Chinese mythology) Pangu”).


nguyên tố

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tow˨˩˦]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ tow˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nguyên tố.wav

nguyên tố hóa học


sao lùn trắng

[saːw˧˧ lun˨˩ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[ʂaːw˧˧ lun˦˩ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[saːw˧˧ lun˦˩ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʂaːw˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaŋ˦˥]

[saːw˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaŋ˦˥]


sao khổng lồ đỏ

[saːw˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˩ lo˨˩ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[ʂaːw˧˧ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[saːw˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[ʂaːw˧˧ kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[saːw˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]


bức xạ

[ʔɓɨk̚˧˦ saː˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˧˥ saː˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨk̚˦˥ saː˨˩˨]

bức xạ mặt trời


siêu tân tinh

[siəw˧˧ tən˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ təŋ˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[siw˧˧ təŋ˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ təŋ˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[siw˧˧ təŋ˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超新星, composed of 超 (“super”) and 新星 (“nova”).


thiên nhiên

[tʰiən˧˧ ɲiən˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ɲiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ɲiəŋ˧˧]


cacbon

[kaːk̚˧˦ ʔɓɔn˧˧]

[kaːk̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓɔn˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[kaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[kaːk̚˨˩˨ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

From French carbone, from Latin carbōnem (accusative of carbō (“coal”)).

der

accusative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">carbō</i> (“coal”)


nhiệt độ

[ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ɲiək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhiệt độ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 熱度, composed of 熱 (“heat”) and 度 (“degree”), literally "degree of hotness", especially high temperature. The usual word for "temperature" in other Sinospheric languages literally means "degree of warmth"; see Chinese 溫度／温度 (wēn dù), Japanese 温度 (ondo) and Korean 온도 (ondo).


hành tinh

[hajŋ̟˨˩ tïŋ˧˧]

[hɛɲ˦˩ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行星, composed of 行 (“to go”) and 星 (“star”). Compare European words for planet which originate from the Greek root meaning "wandering star".

hành tinh thứ ba, tính từ Mặt Trời

hành tinh đỏ


gái mại dâm

[ɣaːj˧˦ maːj˧˨ʔ zəm˧˧]

[ɣaːj˨˩˦ maːj˨˩ʔ jəm˧˧]

[ɣaːj˦˥ maːj˨˩˨ jəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-gái mại dâm.wav

From gái (“girl”) + mại dâm (“attributive, to prostitute oneself”).


unbibi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]


unbiquadi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ waː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]


unbitri

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ tɹi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]


unbihexi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ hɛk̚˧˦ si˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˧˧]


unbiuni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔun˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbipenti

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ pɛn˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]


protactini

[pɹo˧˧ taːk̚˧˦ ti˧˧ ni˧˧]

[pɹow˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥ tɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[pɹow˧˧ taːk̚˦˥ tɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin protactinium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


lệ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 淚. Compare luỵ.

giọt lệ

♂: Lệ hoen ướt khóe mi cay.
Trong lòng anh vẫn luôn chung tình,
Chờ ngày mai, ánh nắng lên xua tan băng giá.

(Can we date this quote?), Minh Khang (lyrics and music), “Lời nguyền [The Oath]”:

♂: Tears wetted the hot corners of my lids.
I've always remained fully devoted,
Waiting for tomorrow, when sunshine will thaw out this frosty ice.

♂: Giờ chia li, em quay đi, che giấu bờ mi lệ rơi.
Ta xa nhau, mong đến một ngày gặp lại.
Giờ chia li, anh xa em, nhưng sẽ nhớ em người ơi !
Trái tim anh, trái tim em không rời xa !

(Can we date this quote?), Nguyễn Văn Chung (lyrics and music), “Mùa đông không lạnh [Winter Doesn't Seem Cold]”:

♂: When we said goodbye, you turned away, hiding your tears.
We're apart, longing for the day we reunite.
After we said goodbye, I'm far away from you, but I won't forget you!
Our hearts will never be apart!

♂: Rồi ngày vui qua đi, đường dài chia li, lệ vương trên mi.
Giờ thì em đâu vui chi, giờ thì mình anh suy nghĩ.
Anh biết rồi ngày lại đến, ngày lặng lẽ đôi bên.
Anh biết tình mình đã hết và anh sẽ không quên.

(Can we date this quote?), Nguyễn Hải Phong (lyrics and music), “Đôi mắt [Your Eyes]”:

♂: And so the happy days passed, we're on separate paths, tears linger in your eyes.
Now you're no longer happy, now I'm alone with my thoughts.
I knew the day would come, the day we stopped talking.
I knew our love would end and I would never forget it.

(literary) tears (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


cố

Sino-Vietnamese word from 故. Doublet of cụ and cớ.

cố Tổng Bí thư Trường Chinh
the late General Secretary Trường Chinh


giáng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 降 (“to fall”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a flat

(music) Short for dấu giáng (“flat sign”).


địt

head

địt • (𨕀, 𨗵)

vi-verb

địt • (𨕀, 𨗵)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, informal) to fart

(Northern Vietnam, vulgar, colloquial) to fuck


địt

(Northern Vietnam, vulgar, colloquial) Shit!; Fuck!


lời

From Middle Vietnamese mlời.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ).

lời bài hát

lời 1


nàng tiên

[naːŋ˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

(mythology) a young-looking female fairy


bộ đôi

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɗoj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bộ đôi.wav


bộ sáu

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ saw˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʂaw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ saw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʂa(ː)w˦˥]


diễn đơn

[ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]


bộ tám

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ taːm˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ taːm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ taːm˦˥]


bộ tứ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ tɨ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ tɨ˦˥]


bộ bảy

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaj˧˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaj˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦]


bộ ba

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓaː˧˧]


bộ năm

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ nam˧˧]


oxi

[ʔow˧˧ sɪj˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ sɪj˧˧]

Partial orthographic borrowing from French oxygène. Compare hiđro (“hydrogen”), nitơ (“nitrogen”).


thori

[tʰɔ˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[tʰɔ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[tʰɔ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[tʰɔ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin thorium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


quy

(Chinese mythology) the Turtle, one of the Four Benevolent Animals


phóng xạ

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ saː˧˨ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ saː˨˩ʔ]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ saː˨˩ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ saː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 放射, composed of 放 (“to emit”) and 射 (“to shoot”).

vi-etym-sino

chất/nguyên tố/đồng vị phóng xạ


nitơ

[ni˧˧ təː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ təː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ təː˧˧]

From French nitrogène which could be transcribed to ni-tơ-rô-gien. Compare hiđro (“hydrogen”), oxi (“oxygen”).


hoàng tuyền

[hwaːŋ˦˩ twiəŋ˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃泉, composed of 黃 (“yellow”) and 泉 (“spring”).


hợp chất hữu cơ

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕət̚˧˦ hiw˦ˀ˥ kəː˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕək̚˦˧˥ hɨw˧˨ kəː˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ cək̚˦˥ hɨw˨˩˦ kəː˧˧]

hợp chất (“compound”) + hữu cơ (“organic”)


moscovi

[maːt̚˧˦ skəː˧˧ vi˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˧˥ skəː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˥ skəː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[maːk̚˦˥ skəː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


thạch anh

[tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔajŋ̟˧˧]

[tʰat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɛɲ˧˧]

[tʰat̚˨˩˨ ʔan˧˧]


màu sắc

[maw˦˩ ʂak̚˦˧˥]


động năng

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ naŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ naŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ naŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 動能, composed of 動 (“kinesis”) and 能 (“energy”).


tử ngoại

[tɨ˧˩ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˨ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˨˩˦ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紫外, composed of 紫 (“purple”) and 外 (“outside”).

bức xạ tử ngoại


làn điệu

[laːn˨˩ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˦˩ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˨˩ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


đàn đáy

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗa(ː)j˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“string instrument”) + đáy (“back”), perhaps because the instrument's body has an open back.

com

a Vietnamese lute with three strings, a hollow trapezoidal wooden body with an open back, and a very long neck, used in traditional Vietnamese music (particularly ca trù)


quốc ca

[kuək̚˧˦ kaː˧˧]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ kaː˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國歌, composed of 國 (“country”) and 歌 (“song”)


黃道

chữ Hán form of hoàng đạo (“(astronomy) ecliptic”).


xanh lơ

[sajŋ̟˧˧ ləː˧˧]

[sɛɲ˧˧ ləː˧˧]

[san˧˧ ləː˧˧]


tự sát

[tɨ˧˨ʔ saːt̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[tɨ˨˩˨ saːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 自殺, composed of 自 (“self”) and 殺 (“to kill”).


lơ

Distinction of blue and green in various languages

Borrowed from French bleu (“blue; billiard chalk”).

Audio (Hà Nội)


phim

cuốn (classifier)
bộ (classifier)
thước (classifier)

phim truyện

cinematic live action TV series or TV movie

(film, television, pornography) any type of video involving cinematic elements, such as movies, TV series, commercials, documentaries, etc., except music videos; or pornographic videos or sex tapes that may or may not involve cinematic elements


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

(music) fantasia (an unstructured orchestral composition)


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

2009: Lệ Chi, "Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng" [Liu Xiao Ling Tong], Thanh Niên https://web.archive.org/web/20140404032514/http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/news1/pages/200930/20090726145747.aspx
Khi có khá nhiều phim truyện và truyền hình được làm theo đề tài tác phẩm Tây du ký, Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng đã nhắc nhở: các nhà làm phim không nên bóp méo và phăng-tê-di quá hình ảnh nhân vật huyền thoại này.

With so many feature films and television shows about Journey to the West, Liu Xiao Ling Tong reminds us: filmmakers shouldn't overly distort and improvise the image of this legendary figure.

Mổi miền lại phăng ta di tên gọi khác chút đỉnh [...]

2010, “Lang thang gỏi Việt”, in Du lịch & Giải trí:

Each region tweaks the name just a bit …

(especially music) to improvise; to tweak


đèn

ngọn (classifier)
cây (classifier)
畑 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燈 (“lamp”, SV: đăng). Cognate with Arem tiən. This was borrowed from a Sinitic variety with alveolar/dental nasal coda.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đăng</i>

vi-etym-sino

đèn dầu

đèn huỳnh quang

A-la-đanh và cây đèn thần

thần đèn

a light; a lamp, an oil lamp, a light bulb, an incandescent light, a fluorescent light, a flashlight, etc.


làm tình

[laːm˨˩ tïŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-làm tình.wav

làm (“to do”) + tình (“romantic love”) or blend of làm + tình dục (“sex”).

làm tình với

(originally euphemistic, now quite vulgar when used for humans) to have sex


ăn cơm trước kẻng

[ʔan˧˧ kəːm˧˧ t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ kɛŋ˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kəːm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ kɛŋ˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kəːm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˥ kɛŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ăn cơm trước kẻng.wav

(figurative) to have sex before marriage; to have premarital sex


hoà tấu

[hwaː˦˩ təw˨˩˦]

[waː˨˩ təw˦˥]


tinh vân

[tïŋ˧˧ vən˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vəŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ vəŋ˧˧]

[tɨn˧˧ jəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 星雲, composed of 星 (“star”) and 雲 (“cloud”).


nhật thực

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 日食, composed of 日 (“sun”) and 食 (“to eat; eclipse”)

Coordinate term: nguyệt thực

nhật thực toàn phần


Địa Cầu

[ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩]

[ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˨ kəw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 地球, composed of 地 (“earth”) and 球 (“sphere”).

(chiefly literary or in compounds) Synonym of Trái Đất (“Earth”)


Thanh Long

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青龍, composed of 青 (“blue”) and 龍 (“dragon”), from Literary Chinese 青龍 (qīnglóng).

A commune of Thanh Chương district, Nghệ An, Vietnam


khí hậu

[xi˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[xɪj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[kʰɪj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]

[xɪj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氣候 (“climate”).


khí tượng học

[xi˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[xɪj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[xɪj˦˥ tɨəŋ˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


ca sĩ

[kaː˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌士, composed of 歌 (“to sing”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).


quang tử

[kwaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[waːŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 光子, composed of 光 (“light”) and 子 (“small thing”).


đoạn đầu đài

head

đoạn đầu đài

vi-noun

đoạn đầu đài

[ʔɗwaːn˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斷頭臺, composed of 斷頭 (“to behead”) and 臺 (“platform”).

vi-etym-sino

Tôi đã không được cùng người bạn hết sức thân ái trong đời nắm tay nhau lên đoạn đầu đài, lại không được lạy trước mộ để tạ cái tội phụ phàng mà nhịn nhục sống còn để mong làm rõ chút ít chí mình, chứ không phải chui vào một xó không làm được gì.

2005, Phan Châu Trinh, Phan Châu Trinh - toàn tập [Phan Châu Trinh's Complete Biography], volume 1, Nhà xuất bản Đà Nẵng:

I was not able to hold my dearest friend's hand onto the scaffold, nor could I bow to his grave and repent my survivor's guilt that allowed me to fulfil the slightest bit of my purpose and not to useslessly languish in some godforsaken underbelly.

(historical) a scaffold (platform for executions)


natri

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈɪj˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈɪj˧˧]

Ultimately from New Latin natrium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.


dưỡng khí

[zɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ xi˧˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˨ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˨ xɪj˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˨˩˦ kʰɪj˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˨˩˦ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氧氣, composed of 氧 (“oxygen”) and 氣 (“gas”). The Chinese character 氧 (dưỡng) is composed of 气 (khí, chemical radical for "gassy" elements) + 養／养 (dưỡng, “to nurture”), due to the life-sustaining attribute of oxygen.


thán khí

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ kʰɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˦˧˥ xɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ kʰɪj˦˥]

[tʰaːŋ˦˥ xɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 碳 (“carbon”) and 氣 (“gas”). The Chinese character 碳 (thán) is composed of 石 (thạch, “rock”, chemical radical for "non-gassy" nonmetal elements) + 炭 (thán, “coal”), due to the carbonic makeup of coal. See also than đá (“coal”) and Than Đá (“Carboniferous”) which are from Chinese 石炭 (thạch thán, literally “rocky coal”). Compare Chinese 炭氣／炭气 (thán khí).


Trái Đất

head

Trái Đất • (𧀞𡐙)

[t͡ɕaːj˧˦ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[ʈaːj˨˩˦ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈaːj˦˥ ʔɗək̚˦˥]

trái (classifier for round objects) + đất (“earth”); also probably a calque of Chinese 地球 (Địa Cầu)

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Địa Cầu</i>

Trên trái đất trụi trần / Không dáng cây ngọn cỏ

1978, Xuân Quỳnh, “Chuyện cổ tích về loài người [The Myth of Humanity]”, in Lời ru trên mặt đất [The Lullaby on the Face of the Earth]:

On the bare earth / There was not a single plant

Trái đất này là của chúng mình. / Vàng, trắng, đen, tuy khác màu da.

(Can we date this quote?), “Trái đất này là của chúng mình [This Earth is Ours]”, Định Hải (lyrics), Trương Quang Lục (music):

This Earth is ours. / Yellow, white, black, we may have different skin colors.

- Tuy nhiên, tôi với bà, chúng ta đang sống chung trong một ngôi nhà : trái đất. Trái đất đích thực là ngôi nhà của chúng ta.

2014, Linh Quân Cao, “Bác sĩ Y-éc-xanh [Dr. Yersin]”, in Tiếng Việt 3 [Vietnamese 3], 10th edition, volume 2, Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam:

"However, you and I, we live together in the same home: the earth. The earth is indeed our home.


vonfam

From French wolfram. The r is ignored in some transcriptions. Compare gam, gram.


xô-nát

bản xô-nát Ánh Trăng


vi-ô-lông

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]


ắc-coóc-đê-ông

[ʔak̚˧˦ kɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˧˥ kɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˥ kɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


pi-a-nô

[pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ no˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]


oóc-gan

[ʔɔk̚˧˦ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˧˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


kì lân

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧]


phong cầm

[fɔŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風琴 (“organ”), perhaps shortened from Japanese 手風琴 (tefūkin, thủ phong cầm, “accordion”, literally “hand organ”).

der

(dated, music) Synonym of ắc-coóc-đê-ông (“accordion”)


vĩ cầm

[vi˦ˀ˥ kəm˨˩]

[vɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[vɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

[jɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 尾琴, composed of 尾 (“tail”) and 琴 (“string instrument”), referring to the fact that the ribbon of the bow is traditional made from horsetail hair. In modern Vietnamese, vĩ is also the word for "bow".


lốc

cơn (classifier)
trận (classifier)
con (classifier)

[ləwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


hồng trà

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈaː˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅茶, composed of 紅 (“pink, red”) and 茶 (“tea”).


thép

Em tôi khát sữa bú tay
Ai cho bú thép ngày rày biết ơn.

(possibly obsolete) to rely on; to depend on


Trân Châu Cảng

[t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ kaːŋ˧˩]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ kaːŋ˧˨]

[ʈəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 珍珠港, composed of 珍珠 (“pearl”) and 港 (“port; harbor”), from Chinese 珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng). Compare Japanese 真珠湾 (Shinjuwan, Chân Châu loan), Japanese 真珠港 (Shinjukō, Chân Châu cảng), Korean 진주만 (Jinjuman).


thơ ca

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩歌 (SV: thi ca), from Chinese 詩歌／诗歌 (shīgē). Compare Japanese 詩歌 (shiika, shika).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi ca</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ ca nhạc hoạ

poetry, singing, music and painting; the arts

(literary, literal, collective) poetry and singing


Rô-ma

[ɹo˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]


Hi Lạp

[hi˧˧ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩˨]


Hi Lạp

[hi˧˧ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˧˧ laːp̚˨˩˨]


La Mã

[laː˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[laː˧˧ maː˧˨]

[laː˧˧ maː˨˩˦]


Hô-me

From French Homère. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted".


Uy-lít-xơ

[ʔwi˧˧ lit̚˧˦ səː˧˧]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ lit̚˦˧˥ səː˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ lɨt̚˦˥ səː˧˧]

Borrowed from French Ulysse (“Ulysses”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Odysseus; Ulysses


A-sin

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology, literature) Achilles


Héc-quyn

[hɛk̚˦˥ wɨn˧˧]

From French Hercule (“Hercules; Heracles”). As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French. The "Forbidden One" sense comes from the fact that this "Forbidden One" has infinite attack strength, and that the manga series as well as the card game Yu-Gi-Oh!, in its Chinese bootleg form, peaked during the same period as the airing of the TV show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.


ngựa thành Tơ-roa

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ zwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

ngựa (“horse”) + thành (“castle; fort; city”) + Tơ-roa (“Troy”), calque of French cheval de Troie.


Hê-ra-clét

Borrowed from French Héraclès. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French.


kết giới

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界, from Japanese 結界, introduced in Japanese manga

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, video games) energy barrier/shield, forcefield


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


kết giới sư

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界師, from Japanese 結界師, introduced in the Japanese manga Kekkaishi

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime) barrier master, kekkaishi


đàn hạc

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ haːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ haːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ haːk̚˨˩˨]


Na Tra

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哪吒 (SV: Na Trá).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Na Trá</i>


Dương Tiễn

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tiən˦ˀ˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊戩 (SV: Dương Tiển).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Dương Tiển</i>


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 死神, composed of 死 (“death”) and 神 (“god”).

a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami


Phù Tang

[fu˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 扶桑 (an alternate Chinese name of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), derived from the name of a legendary tree that was said to have grown somewhere in the East China Sea (東海／东海 (Dōnghǎi)), where the sun rose. The name was also used to refer to the sun, and a legendary country that was located in the East.

(literary, Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


mây mưa

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

[məj˧˧ mɨə˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mây mưa.wav


pha-ra-ông

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


Ra-ma-ya-na

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

(literature, poetry, epic poetry) Ramayana


A-nhi

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]


Nô-bi-ta

[no˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nô-bi-ta.wav

(manga, anime) Nobita, the main character of the manga series Doraemon


người đầu bạc tiễn kẻ đầu xanh

[ŋɨəj˨˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ tiən˦ˀ˥ kɛ˧˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ŋɨj˦˩ ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˧˨ kɛ˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

[ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩˦ kɛ˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ san˧˧]

Literally "the silvery-headed one sees off the green-headed one". bạc (“silver”) is used to describe gray hair, which is thought to be silvery or white rather than gray. xanh means "grue" (either green or blue), but is probably related to thanh xuân (“youth”, literally “grue spring”), which is likely to be derived from the association of "youth" with "green" and "spring", both of which are in turn associated with the element "Wood" (or "Tree", or "Plant"), the element of "freshness" or "vitality", etc. in Wu Xing. Compare Chinese 白髮人送黑髮人／白发人送黑发人 (báifàrén sòng hēifàrén).

ncog

"the young perish and the old linger"; an elderly person has/had to suffer the anguish of watching their young loved one die, because they think it should be the other way around


nghé

head

犠, 猊, 霓, 麑, 𤚇, 𤛞

vi-interj

犠, 猊, 霓, 麑, 𤚇, 𤛞

犠 (CJK)
猊 (CJK)
霓 (CJK)
麑 (CJK)
𤚇 (CJK)
𤛞 (CJK)

Compare Thai แหง่ and Chinese 牛 (MC ngjuw) (and its cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages), which are all possibly of ultimately imitative origin.

(onomatopoeia) The cry of a water buffalo calf


thiên thạch

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天石, composed of 天 (“sky; heaven”) and 石 (“rock”).


vẫn thạch

viên (classifier)
hòn (classifier)
khối (classifier)

[vən˦ˀ˥ tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[vəŋ˧˨ tʰat̚˨˩ʔ]

[vəŋ˨˩˦ tʰat̚˨˩˨]

[jəŋ˨˩˦ tʰat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 隕石 (“meteorite”).


âm li

[ʔəm˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

From French amplifier with phono-semantic matching from âm (“sound”).


Thần đạo

[tʰən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神道, composed of 神 (“god; kami”) and 道 (“way”), from Japanese 神道 (Shintō)


chuẩn tinh

[t͡ɕwən˧˩ tïŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕwəŋ˧˨ tɨn˧˧]

[c⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˦ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 準星, from Japanese 準星


sao chổi

[ʂaːw˧˧ t͡ɕoj˧˨]

[ʂaːw˧˧ coj˨˩˦]

sao (“star”) + chổi (“broom”), calque of Chinese 彗星 (tuệ tinh).


pê-đê

[pe˧˧ ʔɗe˧˧]

[ʔɓe˧˧ ʔɗe˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔɗej˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ ʔɗej˧˧]

- “… Nghe tớ nói này, Như Sênh, nói thế nào nhỉ, các cô gái vì cậu mà cam tâm chịu khổ không chút oán hờn. Nhưng ngược lại, cậu chẳng để ý gì đến họ, sao phải lạnh lùng với họ đến vậy, chẳng trách thiên hạ đồn rằng cậu là đồ pê-đê!”.

(Can we date this quote?), “Chương 6: Con gái theo đuổi con trai như cách núi Thái Sơn [Chapter 6: Girls Chase Guys from Afar, as Far as Mount Tai]”, in Thu Hường, transl., Cùng nhau viết câu chuyện của chúng ta [Let’s Write Our Story], Nhà xuất bản Văn học:

“… Listen, Rusheng. How should I put this? Girls pine for you and they enjoy it. And what do you do? You ignore them. Why must you be so cold to them? No wonder there’s a rumor that you’re a fag!”

Ví dụ, có gia đình mong con trai thì sinh toàn con gái. Có gia đình mong sinh con gái nhưng toàn sinh con trai quậy phá. Có người muốn sinh con trai hoặc con gái cũng được nhưng lại sinh ra ô môi và pê-đê.

2018 May 20, Thích Nhật Từ, THIỀN VIPASSANĀ - BỐN NỀN TẢNG CHÁNH NIỆM [VIPASSANĀ MEDITATION: FOUR MINDFULNESS FOUNDATIONS]:

For example, some families want sons but only have daughters. Some want daughters but only have naughty sons. Some people want sons or daughters but end up having gays and lesbians.

(informal, derogatory, of a male person) gay, effeminate or femme


Đạo giáo

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ zaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 道教, composed of 道 (“way”) and 教 (“religion”).


mộ gió

[mo˧˨ʔ zɔ˧˦]

[mow˨˩ʔ jɔ˨˩˦]

[mow˨˩˨ jɔ˦˥]

empty grave of a soldier whose corpse cannot be found


hải đăng

[haːj˧˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海 (“sea”) and 燈 (“lamp”).


mực

vi-noun

(classifier con (“squid”)) mực • (墨, 䘃, 𧞾)

con (classifier)
墨 (CJK)
䘃 (CJK)
𧞾 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墨 (“ink”, SV: mặc). Doublet of mức. Cognate with Muong Bi mâc, Khmer មឹក (mɨk), Lao ໝຶກ (mưk), Thai หมึก (mʉ̀k).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mặc</i>


mực

chó mực


ma nữ

[maː˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔女 (“witch”), literally "magical female". The syllable ma is often associated with its non-Sino-Vietnamese meaning (which is "ghost"), hence the common misapplication of the term.
Alternatively, simply from a compound of ma (“ghost”) + nữ (“female”).

(fiction) the ghost of a dead girl or woman


luyện kim

[l⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨ kim˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鍊 (“to smelt”) and 金 (“gold; metal”). Compare Chinese 鍊金術／炼金术 (luyện kim thuật, “alchemy”, literally “the art of smelting gold”), Japanese 錬金術 (renkinjutsu, “alchemy”), Korean 연금술 (yeon'geumsul, “alchemy”). Also compare Chinese 冶金學／冶金学 (dã kim học, “metallurgy”).


liệt sĩ

[liət̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[liək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[liək̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[liək̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[liək̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 烈士 (“martyr”).

in the line of duty
in the line of duty#English

(formal) a war servicemember who died in the line of duty


sao Thuỷ

[ʂaːw˧˧ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[ʂaːw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

[saːw˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

sao (“star”) + thuỷ (“Sino-Vietnamese of 水”). Calque of Chinese 水星 (Thuỷ tinh, literally “Water Star”).

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Thuỷ tinh</i>

thuỷ thủ sao Thuỷ


Thuỷ tinh

[tʰwi˧˩ tïŋ˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ tɨn˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水星, composed of 水 (“water”) and 星 (“star”).


âm đạo

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm đạo.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰道, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 道 (“passage”).


âm hộ

[ʔəm˧˧ ho˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ how˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ how˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰戶, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 戶 (“doorway”).


mạ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav


mưa đá

[mɨə˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[mɨə˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[mɨə˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˥]


giỗ

head

𠰍, 杜, 𠴗, 󱦋, 祖, 𭉷, 𤻼, 𬲠, 𥣒, 𬲠

vi-noun

𠰍, 杜, 𠴗, 󱦋, 祖, 𭉷, 𤻼, 𬲠, 𥣒, 𬲠

𠰍 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𠴗 (CJK)
祖 (CJK)
𭉷 (CJK)
𤻼 (CJK)
𬲠 (CJK)
𥣒 (CJK)

giỗ tổ Hùng Vương

ăn giỗ

Tại sao lại phải ăn giỗ? Đám nào ai cũng vui mừng chứ có buồn bã gì đâu?

Why in the world do we go to deathday parties? Everyone always has fun romping around, it's not like there's any sense of commemoration or anything!

an annual lunar memorial deathday party or ceremony


bả

cog

Thai เบื่อ (bʉ̀ʉa)

a type of poison used to kill some kinds of animal


Bạch Dương

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bạch Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白羊 (“white sheep”).


Sư Tử

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]


Song Tử

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[sɔŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Tử.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙子 (“two children”).


Cự Giải

[kɨ˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩]

[kɨ˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨]

[kɨ˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cự Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 巨蟹 (“giant crab”).


Kim Ngưu

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Kim Ngưu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金牛 (“golden bull”).


Thiên Xứng

[tʰiən˧˧ sɨŋ˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Xứng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天秤 (“scales”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Thiên Bình (“Libra”)


Trinh Nữ

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Trinh Nữ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 貞女 (“female virgin”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Xử Nữ (“Virgo”)


Hải Sư

[haːj˧˩ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hải Sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海獅 (“sea lion”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Sư Tử (“Leo”)


Thất Nữ

[tʰət̚˧˦ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ nɨ˧˨]

[tʰək̚˦˥ nɨ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thất Nữ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 室女, composed of 室 (“house”) and 女 (“female”). In Chinese, 室女 as a common noun means unmarried female virgin although this use is dated and is not attested in Vietnamese.


Song Nam

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Nam.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙 (“double”) and 男 (“male”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Song Tử (“Gemini”)


nhân mã

[ɲən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) centaur


Cân Xứng

[kən˧˧ sɨŋ˧˦]

[kəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kəŋ˧˧ sɨŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cân Xứng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斤 (“catty”) and 秤 (“scale”).


Thiên Bình

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天平 (“scales”).


Hoàng Đế

[hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗe˧˦]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃帝, composed of 黃 (“yellow”) and 帝 (“emperor”).


Bọ Cạp

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ kaːp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bọ Cạp.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpio”)

(astronomy) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpius”)


Bảo Bình

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bảo Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寶瓶 (“precious vase”).


Xạ Thủ

[saː˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[saː˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[saː˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Xạ Thủ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 射手 (“shooter”). Compare Japanese 射手座 (Iteza).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Nhân Mã (“Sagittarius”)


Nhân Mã

[ɲən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nhân Mã.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人馬 (“centaur”).


Ma Kết

[maː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ma Kết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 摩羯 (SV: Ma Yết, Ma Kiết)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Ma Yết, Ma Kiết</i>


Thần Nông

[tʰən˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thần Nông.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神農, composed of 神 (“godly”) and 農 (“farming”), from Chinese 神農／神农 (Shénnóng).

họ Thần Nông / Thần Nông thị

Con cháu Thần Nông thị là Đế Minh lấy con gái Vụ Tiên mà sinh Kinh Dương Vương, tức là thủy tổ của Bách Việt.

1993, Lê Văn Hưu with Phan Thu Tiên, Ngô Sĩ Liên, “Kỷ Hồng Bàng Thị [The Age of the Hongbangites]”, in Viện Khoa học Xã hội Việt Nam, transl., Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [The Complete Annals of Great Viet], volume 1:

Emperor Minh was a Shennongite, and he married Vụ Tiên's daughter and begat Kinh Dương Vương, the progenitor of the Baiyue.


Thiên Yết

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔiət̚˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thiên Yết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 天蠍 (SV: Thiên Hiết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Thiên Hiết</i>


Xử Nữ

[sɨ˧˩ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[sɨ˨˩˦ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 處女 (“female virgin”).


Nam Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 羊 (“caprid”). Compare Bắc Giải (“Cancer”, literally “northern crab”).

[naːm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Dương.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricorn”)

(astronomy) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricornus”)


Bắc Giải

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːj˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːj˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bắc Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北 (“north”) and 蟹 (“crab”). Compare Nam Dương (“Capricorn”, literally “southern goat”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Cự Giải (“Cancer”)


Thiên Nga

[tʰiən˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]


Song Ngư

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Ngư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙魚 (“two fish”).


Phi Mã

[fi˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[fɪj˧˧ maː˧˨]

[fɪj˧˧ maː˨˩˦]


Thiên Mã

[tʰiən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]


Bắc Đẩu

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北斗, composed of 北 (“northern”) and 斗 (“dipper”).

Coordinate term: Nam Tào

Bắc Đẩu Tinh quân


Nam Tào

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 曹 (“lord”). Alternatively known as Nam Đẩu, in contrast to Bắc Đẩu.


Thuỷ Bình

[tʰwi˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thuỷ Bình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水瓶 (“water vase”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Bảo Bình (“Aquarius”)


thủ dâm

[tʰu˧˩ zəm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˧˨ jəm˧˧]

[tʰʊw˨˩˦ jəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thủ dâm.wav


móc lốp

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-móc lốp.wav

móc (“to put your hand in and take something out”) + lốp (“tire”), perhaps in reference to how repairers fix tires or inner tubes.


tinh thể học

[tïŋ˧˧ tʰe˧˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


hàng không vũ trụ

[haːŋ˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ vu˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˨˩ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ vʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

[haːŋ˨˩ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 航空宇宙, composed of 航空 (“aviation”) and 宇宙 (“space”).


khoa học vũ trụ

[xwaː˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ vu˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwaː˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[xwaː˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwaː˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ vʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

[xwaː˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ jʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-khoa học vũ trụ.wav

khoa học (“science”) + vũ trụ (“universe”), a calque of Chinese 宇宙科學／宇宙科学 (vũ trụ khoa học).


vũ trụ học

[vu˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[vʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[jʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


vũ trụ luận

[vu˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕu˧˨ʔ lwən˧˨ʔ]

[vʊw˧˨ ʈʊw˨˩ʔ lwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]

[jʊw˨˩˦ ʈʊw˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


tình dục học

[tïŋ˨˩ zʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˦˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩ jʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tình dục học.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情慾學, composed of 情慾 (“sexual desire”) and 學 (“study”).


thuỷ văn học

[tʰwɪj˧˨ vaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ vaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ jaŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


Song Sinh

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Sinh.wav


Sơn Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山羊, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 山羊 (shānyáng, “goat”), common reading of San Dương. Compare Miên Dương (“Aries”, literally “sheep”).

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sơn Dương.wav


Sơn Dương

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sơn Dương, the name of various places in Vietnam

Shanyang, the name of various places in China


hoả

thuỷ khắc hoả

hoả khắc kim

mộc sinh hoả

hoả sinh thổ


vòi rồng

[vɔj˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[vɔj˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[vɔj˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[jɔj˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Probably a calque of Chinese 龍捲／龙卷 (long quyển, literally “dragon roll”), equivalent to vòi (“hose; tube”) + rồng (“dragon”). Compare Japanese 竜巻 (tatsumaki).


thời tiết

[tʰəːj˨˩ tiət̚˧˦]

[tʰəːj˦˩ tiək̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəːj˨˩ tiək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 時節, composed of 時 (“time, moment, season”) and 節 (“period”).

vi-etym-sino

dự báo thời tiết


sấm

head

渗, 滲, 𢀮, 𩆐, 𩆠, 𩆷, 𩇆

vi-noun

渗, 滲, 𢀮, 𩆐, 𩆠, 𩆷, 𩇆

渗 (CJK)
滲 (CJK)
𢀮 (CJK)
𩆐 (CJK)
𩆠 (CJK)
𩆷 (CJK)
𩇆 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *k-rǝmʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *grəm(ʔ) ~ *gram() (“to thunder; to rumble”); cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰrʌm⁴, Pacoh crứm (“thunder”), Bahnar grơ̆m (“distant thunder”) and Khmer គ្រុម (krum, “sound of thunder”).


chớp

[t͡ɕəːp̚˦˧˥]

From Proto-Vietic *k-ɟəːp or *k-cəːp (“lightning”).


đăm

head

đăm • (抌, 眈, 㴷)

vi-adj

đăm • (抌, 眈, 㴷)

From Proto-Vietic *dam ~ *tam, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *st₁am ~ *st₁uum (“right hand”); cognate with Muong tăm, Pacoh atâm, Khmer ស្ដាំ (sdam), Mang tam⁴ and Old Mon stūm.


chiêu

Compare Muong chiêu, Proto-Central Bahnaric *-ʔiəw, Proto-Northern-Bahnaric *(ŋ)ʔiaw, Proto-West-Bahnaric *cʔiaw, Proto-South-Bahnaric *gʔiəw, and Middle Chinese 昭 (MC tsyew, “left side of an ancestral shrine”)

ltc-l

Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (Sutra of Filial Piety); 15th century Vietnamese by unknown translator, 24b
埋招梗吒埋󰝡梗媄
Carry [one's] father on the left shoulder; carry [one's] mother on the right shoulder.
Vai chiêu gánh cha, vai đăm gánh mẹ.

16th century, Nguyễn Thế Nghi (attributed) Vietnamese translation of "The Story of the Young Woman in Nam Xương" Truyền kỳ mạn lục ("Casual Record of Transmitted Strange-Tales") by Nguyễn Dữ.
几昭󰝡庄羅拯𠱤𠸂哭沙渃𪾺
Kẻ chiêu đăm chăng là chẳng sùi sụt khóc sa nước mắt.
Every one left and right, all sobbed and wept, their tears falling down.


cơn

(weather) Indicates some types of weather phenomena, such as winds, rains, storms, hurricanes, cyclones, whirlwinds, etc.


gâu

(onomatopoeia) bark; ruff; arf; woof; au au; bow-wow


oẳng

Onomatopoeic. Compare Japanese ワン (wan).

(onomatopoeia) The cry of dog when it's scared


chiếp

[t͡ɕiəp̚˦˧˥]


ủn ỉn

head

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

vi-int

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

[ʔun˧˩ ʔin˧˩]

[ʔun˧˨ ʔin˧˨]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɨn˨˩˦]


ò ó o

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˧˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˦˩ ʔɔ˨˩˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˦˥ ʔɔ˧˧]


cà uồm

[kaː˨˩ ʔuəm˨˩]

[kaː˦˩ ʔuəm˦˩]

[kaː˨˩ ʔuəm˨˩]

(onomatopoeia, of a leopard) growl; roar


cục ta cục tác

[kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]