馬

chữ Hán form of mã (“(xiangqi) a knight; any piece labeled with 馬”).


將

tướng (romanization)
tương (romanization)

Chữ Hán form of tướng (“(xiangqi) a piece labeled with the character 將 in black”).


xe

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 車 (“vehicle”, SV: xa). Compare hè and hạ, chè and trà.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">xa</i>

vi-etym-sino

(xiangqi) chariot, a piece labeled with the characters 車／车 (xa, black) and 俥／伡 (red)


bàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盤 (“plate; board game”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bàn.wav


vua

vị (classifier)
nhà (classifier)
𤤰 (CJK)
𢃊 (CJK)
𪻟 (CJK)
con (classifier)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vua.wav

The Northern Middle Vietnamese form ꞗua (“king”) with lenition is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum.
Compare North Central Vietnamese bua without lenition and the compound phân bua. Compare also Mang pua² and Tai Dam ꪜꪺ, borrowed from an older form of Vietnamese. Cognate with Chut [Mày] tapuo¹ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃊, composed of 司 (MC si) + 布 (MC puH) (modern SV: tư bố).


gà

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gà.wav

From Proto-Vietic *r-kaː. Cognate with Muong Bi ca, Thavung กา. Compare Khmer រកា (rɔɔrɔkaa, “Year of the Rooster”).
The sense of "inexperienced" comes from a ranking in the video game Gunbound.

quote-web

2021 June 14, Mặt Trứng, “Phá đảo, gà, ra chợ và nguồn gốc của những thuật ngữ mà chỉ các game thủ thế hệ 8-9x mới hiểu được”, in GameK.vn:
Thế nên, ở thời điểm bấy giờ, nếu như gặp phải một đối thủ có hình "gà con" trong game, đa số người chơi đều mặc định luôn đó là những gã có kỹ năng tệ hại, và từ đó, thuật ngữ gà ra đời.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Cờ đương bí, ông ấy chỉ gà cho một nước mà thành thắng.

In a stalemate, he gave up a single turn which meant giving up a victory.

(board games) to give a hint or tip; to forgo a turn


nước

Likely related to bước (“to step”) through an infixed form.

nước cờ khôn ngoan


mã

1915: Phan Kế Bính, "Tang ma" [Obsequies], Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]

Some households burn joss paper at the house, while others burn it at the temple.

Nhà thì đốt mã tại gia, nhà thì đốt mã tại chùa.

đốt mã


mã

(xiangqi) horse, a piece labeled with the characters 馬／马 (mǎ, black) and 傌／骂 (red)


tốt

Cognate with Muong Bi thốch (“good, beautiful”).

gạo tốt

người tốt

good, as in high-quality, well-made, well executed, good-natured or ethical; compare hay (“good as in inventive, brilliant or entertaining”) and giỏi (“good as in skilled or competent”)


tốt

(xiangqi) soldier, a piece labeled with the characters 卒 (black) and 兵 (binh, red)


cờ vây

[kəː˨˩ vəj˧˧]

[kəː˦˩ vəj˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ vəj˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ jəj˧˧]

cờ (“board game with pieces or tokens”) + vây (“to encircle; to surround”), calque of Chinese 圍棋／围棋 (vi kì). Compare Japanese 囲碁 (igo).
Attested in the Dictionarium anamitico-latinum (1772 manuscript), listed alongside cờ tướng, cờ tiên, cờ song lục as various board games.


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

đánh cầu lông/bóng chuyền/bóng chày

đánh/chơi cờ/bài

đánh bạc

(sports, board games, card games, gambling) to play a game that involves striking or slamming with your hands or something you hold; compare đá (“to kick; to play a sport that involves kicking”)


mục

Sino-Vietnamese word from 目. The go sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 目 (me).

obor

[mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mục.wav

thắng 3 mục


cối xay

vi:Cây cối xay
vi:Cối xay (cờ vua)
vi:Cối xay thóc

(chess) a windmill; seesaw (a kind of move)


tượng

(xiangqi) elephant, a piece labeled with the characters 象 (xiàng, black) and 相 (tướng, red)


pháo

khẩu (classifier)
cỗ (classifier)
con (classifier)

→ Tai Dam: ꪠ꪿ꪱꪫ

(xiangqi) cannon, a piece labeled with the characters 砲／炮 (pháo, black) and 炮 (red)


kì

Sino-Vietnamese word from 期 (“period, term”).

vi-etym-sino

kì thi

Mỗi môn học được giảng dạy trong 03 (ba) kì.

2022, Vietnamese Ministry of Education & Training, Thông tư số 15/2022/TT-BGDĐT, điều 9 §2:

Each subject is taught in 03 (three) terms.

period, term (recurring interval of time)


sĩ

sĩ nông công thương

intelligentsia, peasants, craftsmen, and merchants

(xiangqi) an advisor, a piece labeled with the characters 士 (shì, black) and 仕 (sĩ, red)


đẳng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 等 (“rank, grade”).

nhất đẳng/đẳng 1
1 dan; shodan

Murata/Suzuki bảy/thất đẳng
7-dan Murata/Suzuki


kì thủ

[kɪj˦˩ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kɪj˨˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

(competitive board games) a board game player


ca-rô

[kaː˧˧ ɹo˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ ɹow˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ ɹow˧˧]

đánh ca-rô


tướng

(xiangqi) general, a piece labeled with the characters 將／将 (black) and 帥／帅 (suý, red)


cờ

head

cờ • (碁, 棊, 棋, 𬄯)

vi-noun

cờ • (碁, 棊, 棋, 𬄯)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 棋 (“chess”, SV: kì).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kì</i>

vi-etym-sino

a board game in which there are pieces, such as chess, go, shogi, xiangqi, etc., or tokens such as bootleg Monopoly, Ludo, etc.


ván

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 盤 (SV: bàn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bàn</i>

vi-etym-sino

đánh 2 ván bài/cờ

to play 2 card games/games of xiangqi/chess


cờ cá ngựa

[kəː˨˩ kaː˧˦ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[kəː˦˩ kaː˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[kəː˨˩ kaː˦˥ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

cờ (“board game”) + cá ngựa (“seahorse”).


cờ tỉ phú

[kəː˨˩ ti˧˩ fu˧˦]

[kəː˦˩ tɪj˧˨ fʊw˨˩˦]

[kəː˨˩ tɪj˨˩˦ fʊw˦˥]

cờ (“board game with pieces or tokens”) + tỉ phú (“billionaire”)

a Vietnamese bootleg version of Monopoly, featuring fake Vietnamese dong bills, localized streets and bus stations instead of train stations


cờ vua

[kəː˨˩ vuə˧˧]

[kəː˦˩ vuə˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ vuə˧˧]

[kəː˨˩ juə˧˧]

From cờ (“board game with pieces or tokens”) + vua (“monarch”), ultimately a calque of Persian شاه (šâh, “king”) (> شاهمات (šâh-mât, “checkmate”)), through a European source like French échec (“check”), échecs (“chess”). Compare cờ tướng (“xiangqi”, literally “general board game”).


bờ

bờ biển


cờ tướng

From cờ (“board game with pieces or tokens”) + tướng (“general”, xiangqi equivalent of the chess king), perhaps also referencing Chinese 將／将 (tướng, “to check”). Compare Chinese 象棋 (tượng kì). Also compare cờ vua (“chess”, literally “king board game”).

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[kəː˦˩ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˦˥]


cờ tướng

Calque of Japanese 将棋 (shōgi, tướng kì).

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[kəː˦˩ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˦˥]


cờ tướng

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[kəː˦˩ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəː˨˩ tɨəŋ˦˥]


chiếu

Chiếu tướng/vua!

chiếu hết/bí


đại kiện tướng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kiən˧˨ʔ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ kiəŋ˨˩ʔ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kiəŋ˨˩˨ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大 (“great”) and 健將 (“master sportsperson”), calque of English grandmaster


tịnh

A non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 象 (SV: tượng), perhaps used to make it more audibly distinct from tướng (“general”), especially in central dialects in which these two may sound too similar.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tượng</i>

vi-etym-sino

(xiangqi, chess) Alternative form of tượng (“elephant; bishop”)


pháo lồng

[faːw˧˦ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

[faːw˨˩˦ ləwŋ͡m˦˩]

[faːw˦˥ ləwŋ͡m˨˩]

pháo (“cannon”) + lồng (“to put one into another”).

com

(xiangqi) a checkmate resulting from two cannons aligning with an exposed general on a non-diagonal line, in which the rear cannon is ready to check, and the front one can check if the general's controller futilely attempts to shield it with another piece


chiếu tướng

[t͡ɕiəw˧˦ tɨəŋ˧˦]

[t͡ɕiw˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ciw˦˥ tɨəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 照 (“to check”) and 將 (“the king piece”).

vi-etym-sino

(chess, xiangqi) to check; to put the king in check


hắc giả tiên hành

[hak̚˧˦ zaː˧˩ tiən˧˧ hajŋ̟˨˩]

[hak̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˨ tiəŋ˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩]

[hak̚˦˥ jaː˨˩˦ tiəŋ˧˧ han˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黑 (“black”), 者 (“agent suffix”) and 先行 (“go first”).

Người chơi cờ phải được xem là quân tử “hạ thủ bất hoàn”, bên cầm quân đen thì theo qui ước “hắc giả tiên hành” được đi trước

2017, anonymous, "Cờ Tướng - Trò chơi trí tuệ phương Đông (General Chess - The East's Intellectual Game)" UBND Quận 5 (District 5 People's Committee)

The players should [make themselves] be seen as people of class who will “not undo any move already made”; the side holding the black pieces, according to the “black-goes-first” rule, is allowed to go first.

(idiomatic, board games) a rule which dictates that black side goes first


quân cờ

[kwən˧˧ kəː˨˩]

[kwəŋ˧˧ kəː˦˩]

[wəŋ˧˧ kəː˨˩]

quân (classifier of pieces) + cờ (“board games”).


bàn cờ

head

bàn cờ • (盤𬄯)

vi-noun

bàn cờ • (盤𬄯)

[ʔɓaːn˨˩ kəː˨˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˩ kəː˦˩]

[ʔɓaːŋ˨˩ kəː˨˩]


tàn cuộc

[taːn˨˩ kuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[taːŋ˦˩ kuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[taːŋ˨˩ kuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 殘局, composed of 殘 (“to fade, to wither, to decay, to crumble”) and 局 (“situation, set, game”).

vi-etym-sino

vi:Tàn cuộc (cờ tướng)
vi:Tàn cuộc (cờ vua)


trung cuộc

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kuək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中局, composed of 中 (“middle, center”) and 局 (“situation, set, game”).


cầu hoà

[kəw˨˩ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 求和, composed of 求 (“to ask for, to demand”) and 和 (“peace, harmony”).


nhập thành

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ɲəp̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩]