the

having a strong and fragrant smell or flavor, usually overlaps with what described as "minty" or "citrusy" in English


be

chiếc áo mưa màu be


mi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 眉 (“eyebrows”). Doublet of mày. Probably unrelated to mí (“eyelid”).


lam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藍, from Literary Chinese 藍 (lán), using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 藍／蓝 (lán, “blue”) and 綠／绿 (lục, “green”). See also xanh (“grue”).


cay

head

咳, 荄, 𠹽, 𡀲, 𨐮, 𨢟, 𫐝

vi-adj

咳, 荄, 𠹽, 𡀲, 𨐮, 𨢟, 𫐝

咳 (CJK)
荄 (CJK)
𠹽 (CJK)
𡀲 (CJK)
𨐮 (CJK)
𨢟 (CJK)
𫐝 (CJK)

có vị cay

có mùi cay

cay mắt

having one's eyes irritated as if they were by pepper

(of sensation) hot, spicy, or reminiscent of chili pepper


mun

From Proto-Vietic *ɓuːɲ (“ashes”). Cognate with Muong bunh.


mù

head

mù • (霧, 𩇅, 𩂟)

vi-adj

mù • (霧, 𩇅, 𩂟)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 霧 (“fog”, SV: vụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

tối mù


chua

From Proto-Vietic *ɟɔːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟuʔ (“sour”); cognates include Khmer ជូរ (cuu), Khasi jew. This term displays an unexpected tone.

dưa muối chua

thích ăn chua

mùi chua bỗng rượu

sour-smelling; smelling of acid or vinegar


ô

Khớp con ngựa ngựa ô. / Ngựa ô anh khớp, anh khớp cái kiệu vàng

(Can we date this quote?), “Lí ngựa ô [Ballad of the Black Horse]”:

Bridling a black horse. / The black horse he bridled, he bridled with a golden litter.

Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp con ngựa ô, ngựa ô, ngựa ô!

(Can we date this quote?), Trần Tiến (lyrics and music), “Ngựa ô thương nhớ [Black Horse of Longing]”:

Bridle! Bridle! Bridle the black horse! The black horse! The black horse!


vàng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vàng.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 黃 (SV: hoàng). The semantic development “yellow” > “gold” parallels that of bạc (“white” > “silver”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoàng</i>


trắng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trắng.wav

From Middle Vietnamese tlắng, from Proto-Vietic *k-laŋʔ (“white (of the eyes/eggs)”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaŋʔ ~ *kla(a)ŋ (“white”). Cognate with Muong tlẳng, Bahnar bơlang.

inh

Trẻ em như tờ giấy trắng.

tắm trắng


thơm

From Proto-Vietic *tʰəːm (“fragrant”), perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dhum ~ *dhuum (“fragrant; to scent”); compare Khmer ធុំ (thum, “fragrant”) and Proto-Katuic *pahuum ~ *tahuum (whence Pacoh thum (“fragrant”)).

hiđrôcacbon thơm

fragrant, sweet-smelling; of a pleasant aroma


quỳnh

Ta mang cho em một đóa quỳnh; quỳnh thơm hay môi em thơm

1974, Trịnh Công Sơn (lyrics and music), “Quỳnh Hương (Ephyllium)”:

I've brought you an epiphyllum blossom; the fragrance, is it the epiphyllum’s or your lips’?


đen

Cognate with Muong ten (“to dye black”) and Chut [Mày] tɛn¹ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).


hương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 香 (“fragrance”). Compare Japanese 香 (kō, “incense”).

vi-etym-sino

hương đồng gió nội

Nước xả hương hoa hồng mới, nay đậm đặc hơn !

New rose-scented softener, now even more concentrated!

(usually literary or marketing) fragrance; scent


hồng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅 (“red”).
Semantic shift like this can be seen with other Sino-Vietnamese items that did not displace native terms but were nevertheless borrowed, see trúc (“Phyllostachys spp.”), huyết (“blood curd”).

Bông giấy ngũ sắc có 5 màu: đỏ, hồng, cam, trắng, tím; là loài dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh, chịu hạn tốt, phù hợp với khí hậu nhiệt đới.

2021, Thành Hiệp, “Thêm một vườn hoa đón du khách check-in [Another flower garden invites tourists to check-in]”, in Cần Thơ News Online:

Five-colored bougainvilleas are either red, pink, orange, white, or purple; they are easy to grow, rarely susceptible to pests and diseases, and drought-tolerant, thus fitting for the tropical climate.

Còn Tuấn Anh khi thấy chiếc xe rực một màu hồng sến sẩm thì méo xệ cả mặt mày.

(Can we date this quote?), Sapis, chapter 3, in Nó thích mày [She Likes You]:

And when Tuấn Anh saw the garishly pink bike, his face contorted.

Trận Stalingrad giữa phát xít Đức và Hồng quân Liên Xô được coi là đẫm máu nhất không chỉ trong Thế chiến 2 mà còn cả trong lịch sử nhân loại.

2015, Trung Hiếu, “Diễn biến trận đánh Stalingrad đẫm máu nhất lịch sử [Timeline of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Bloodiest in History]”, in VOV Online:

The battle of Stalingrad between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Red Army is deemed to be the bloodiest battle in not only the Second World War but also human history.


hồng

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

Theo ghi nhận của PV, hồng chín có lẽ là một trong những món ăn khoái khẩu của loài dơi. Tại nhiều khu vườn, những trái hồng chín căng mọng đều bị dơi cạp lỗ chỗ.

2022, Võ Tùng, “Nông dân khổ sở vì dơi phá hoại mùa hồng [Farmers in Anguish as Bats Ruin the Persimmon Harvest]”, in Báo Pháp Luật TP. Hồ Chí Minh [Ho Chi Minh City Law Newspaper]:

As noted by this reporter, ripe persimmons are possibly among bats' favorite foods. In many gardens, ripe, plump, and juicy persimmon fruits are all bitten full of holes by bats.

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

[ page 82]:What's in a name ? that which we call a rose

[...]Cái tên nào có nghĩa gì? Bông hồng kia

Hồng nào mà chẳng có gai! Nhưng

1842, Karl Marx, “Fünfter Artikel (Fifth Article)” in Debatten über Preßfreiheit und Publikation der Landständischen Verhandlungen (Debates on Freedom of the Press and Publication of the Proceedings of the Assembly of the Estates); 2010 [1975] English translation from Marx/Engels Collected Works, “Vol. 1”; 1995 Vietnamese translation from C. Mác Và Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn Tập [K. Marx & F. Engels Complete Works], “Vol. 1”

Which rose has no thorn? Still, just you think! What do you lose with a free press?

các vị bị mất gì cùng với báo chí tự do!You cannot pluck the rose without its thorns! And what do you lose with a free press?(literally, )


ngọt

head

兀, 𠮾, 𤮾, 𤮿, 𫳹

vi-adj

兀, 𠮾, 𤮾, 𤮿, 𫳹

From Proto-Vietic *t-ŋɔːc. Cognate with Muong ngọch, Thavung ง้อด.

cơm lành canh ngọt


xanh

head

xanh • (撑, 𩇛, 𩇢, 𫕹) (diminutive reduplication xanh xanh)

撑 (CJK)
𩇛 (CJK)
𩇢 (CJK)
𫕹 (CJK)
xanh xanh (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 青 (“grue”, SV: thanh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thanh</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xanh.wav

Meronyms: lam (“blue”), lục (“green”)

bầu trời xanh thẳm

Lá còn xanh như anh đang còn trẻ. / Lá trên cành, như anh trong đoàn quân.

1950, Hoàng Việt (lyrics and music), “Lá xanh [Green Leaves]”:

A leaf is green, like he is young. / A leaf is on a branch, like he is in a troop.

Em yêu anh, ngả nghiêng, bồng bềnh niềm kiêu hãnh. / Thiên đường xanh mướt, gió trong lành […] Hãy yêu nhau, biển trời xanh mãi !

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

I love you, with drifting, floating pride. / A green paradise, with refreshing winds […] Let's be in love so the sea and the sky remain forever blue!


bạc

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 博 (“to gamble”, SV: bác).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bác</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bạc.wav

Đen tình, đỏ bạc.

Bad luck in romance brings good luck in gambling.


măng tây

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[maŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-măng tây.wav

Audio (Hà Nội)

măng (“bamboo shoot”) + tây (“Western”). Compare Khmer ទំពាំងបារាំង (tumpĕəngbaarĕəng, literally “French bamboo shoot”) and Thai หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง (nɔ̀ɔ-máai-fà-ràng, literally “foreign/Western bamboo shoot”).

cog

ទំពាំងបារាំង

ncog

หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง


mặn

head

曼, 𪉾, 𠼦, 慢, 漫, 𪉽

vi-adj

曼, 𪉾, 𠼦, 慢, 漫, 𪉽

曼 (CJK)
𪉾 (CJK)
𠼦 (CJK)
慢 (CJK)
漫 (CJK)
𪉽 (CJK)


mùi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùi.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 味 (“smell”, SV: vị). Doublet of vị (“taste”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vị</i>


ngon

From Proto-Vietic *c-ŋɔːn. Compare Khmer ឆ្ងាញ់ (chngañ).


huyền

đen huyền

tóc huyền

(thanh) huyền

(dấu) huyền

the grave accent for representing the huyền tone


lục

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綠, from Literary Chinese 綠, using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 綠／绿 (“green”) and 藍／蓝 (lam, “blue”). See also xanh (“grue”).

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


mắt

head

末, 眜, 𬑉, 𥉴, 𪾺

vi-noun

末, 眜, 𬑉, 𥉴, 𪾺

con (classifier)
末 (CJK)
眜 (CJK)
𬑉 (CJK)
𥉴 (CJK)
𪾺 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *mat, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *mat. Akin to Muong Bi măt, Old Mon mɔt (modern Mon မတ်), Bahnar măt, Pacoh mát, Khasi 'mat/khmat, Khmu mat, Mang mat⁷, Car Nicobarese mat, Santali ᱢᱮᱫ (met’).
Compare also Proto-Austronesian *maCa (Malay mata), Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (Thai ตา (dtaa)), Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mjak ~ s-mik (Chinese 目 (mù) (mù < OC *C.muk), Tibetan མིག (mig)).

nước mắt


thối

1939: Ngô Tất Tố, Lều chõng
(Chapter 3) Nếu anh không vứt hai tiếng huynh ông vào lọ mắm thối của anh, thì tôi đứng dậy lập tức, không thèm nói với anh một câu nào nữa.
If you don't throw away those two words "huynh" and "ông" [both terms of respect] into that stinking fish sauce vial of yours, then I'm going to stand up right away and not say one more word to you.
(Chapter 20) Nào cú kêu, khỉ ho, nào dế giun rên khóc, thỉnh thoảng lại thêm những tiếng cọp gầm theo với ngọn gió tanh tanh thối thối ở nẻo xa xa đưa lại.
Owls howling, monkeys whooping, crickets and worms moaning and groaning, occasionally even the sound of a tiger roaring followed by a stinking, stinking wind blowing in from afar.

1961: Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, chapter 12, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô
Tờ mờ sáng, sau khi những người đói còn sống sót toả đi các phố, xin ăn, ông lại rửa ráy sạch sẽ những chỗ vỉa hè, họ vừa nằm vừa bậy ra hôi thối đến lộn mửa.
In the twilight of dawn, after the hungry who survived dispersed into the streets, begging for food, he returned to wash clean the sidewalks which they had lain in and desecrated, raising a vomitous stench.

2001: National Assembly of Vietnam, Law on traffic on the roads of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 2001 (26/2001/QH10), Title VI, article 61, section 3(i), translation from http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=9491
Cấm chở hàng nguy hiểm, hàng có mùi hôi thối, súc vật đang bị dịch bệnh hoặc hàng có ảnh hưởng đến sức khoẻ của khách
Not transporting dangerous goods, fetid goods, diseased animals or goods adversely affecting the passengers' health

thối như cóc chết

(Northern Vietnam) fetid, putrid, stinking, foul-smelling (with the smell of a decomposing body, of rotting food, especially rotting fruit, or of dung)


thối

1998: 40 Truyện Trạng Quỳnh [40 Tales About Trạng Quỳnh], Nguyễn Đức Hiền ed. (translated by Nguyễn Đình Phương into English), Văn Nghệ Publishing House, p. 108 //books.google.com/books?id=WYlkAAAAMAAJ
Nhưng văn tôi dở, thối om không ngủi nổi, xin các quan đừng xem!
But my words fail me, it stinks so much I can't stand it, please don't look!


đắng

head

đắng • (𡂱, 𡃻, 𧃵, 𨐸)

vi-adj

đắng • (𡂱, 𡃻, 𧃵, 𨐸)

From Proto-Vietic *taŋʔ (“bitter”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₂aŋ (“bitter”); cognates include Bahnar tăng (“bitter”), Pacoh atáng (“bitter”), Khasi kthang (“bitter”), Bolyu tɕaŋ⁵³ and Mon က္တၚ် (kətɛŋ, “bitter”).

Đắng quá, không nuốt được.

It’s too bitter for [me, him, her] to swallow.


sắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 色 (“color; beauty”).

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sắc.wav

bảy sắc cầu vồng


gắt

ngọt gắt

(of taste and sunshine) strong and/or harsh


bệch

[ʔɓəjk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 白 (SV: bạch).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bạch</i>


khai

Amoniac có mùi khai đặc trưng.

Ammonia has a characteristic urine-like smell.


phẩm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 品 (“item; article; courtier rank”). Doublet of phím. Compare Japanese 品 (hon, -bon, -pon, “courtier rank”).

cog

nhất phẩm

cửu phẩm

(history) a rank for East Asian courtiers


khứu giác

[kʰɨw˨˩˦ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[xɨw˨˩˦ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʰɨw˦˥ jaːk̚˦˥]

[xɨw˦˥ jaːk̚˦˥]


màu sắc

[maw˦˩ ʂak̚˦˧˥]


mùi vị

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mùi vị.wav

mùi (“smell, odour”) + vị (“taste”). Both are borrowings from Chinese 味 (“smell, odour; taste”), the first non-Sino-Vietnamese, and the latter Sino-Vietnamese.


nhạt

From Proto-Vietic *m-laːc (“tasteless”). See also lạt and nhợt.

câu đùa nhạt nhẽo/nhạt thếch

câu đùa nhạt như nước ốc

an unfunny joke (literally, “a joke as bland as the liquid coming out of boiled/steamed snails”)

(of something that is supposed to be entertaining) bland; lame; weak; feeble

xanh nhạt


xanh lơ

[sajŋ̟˧˧ ləː˧˧]

[sɛɲ˧˧ ləː˧˧]

[san˧˧ ləː˧˧]


lơ

Distinction of blue and green in various languages

Borrowed from French bleu (“blue; billiard chalk”).

Audio (Hà Nội)


tuyến lệ

[twiəŋ˦˧˥ lej˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ lej˨˩˨]

(anatomy) a lacrimal gland; a tear gland


gỉ

gỉ mắt
eye boogers

gỉ mũi


đọ mắt

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ʔ mat̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩ʔ mak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˨ mak̚˦˥]

đọ (“to compete, contend, contest”) + mắt


mực

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 墨 (“ink”, SV: mặc). Doublet of mức. Cognate with Muong Bi mâc, Khmer មឹក (mɨk), Lao ໝຶກ (mưk), Thai หมึก (mʉ̀k).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mặc</i>

vi-etym-sino

chó mực


võng mạc

[vawŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ maːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[vawŋ͡m˧˨ maːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[vɔŋ˧˨ maːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[vawŋ͡m˨˩˦ maːk̚˨˩˨]

[jawŋ͡m˨˩˦ maːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 網膜, composed of 網 (“net”) and 膜 (“membrane”).


đui

19th century, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Ngư Tiều vấn đáp y thuật (The Fisher and the Woodcutter asking and answering [each other] about The Medical Art), lines 1397-1398; 1944 version (pdf), edited and annotated by Phan Văn Hùm
Dù đui mà giữ đạo nhà,
Còn hơn có mắt ông cha chẳng thờ.
Preserving one's household's moral way even while blind

Is still superior to having [clear] eyes yet not worshipping one's forefathers.

(colloquial, can be offensive) blind (unable to see)


chột

(of a human or animal, colloquial, informal, possibly derogatory) having only one functional eye among the two; having one blind eye among the two

(figurative) startled; flustered; panicked (especially in a guilty manner)


khiếm thị

[xiəm˧˦ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kʰiəm˦˧˥ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[xiəm˦˧˥ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kʰim˦˥ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[xim˦˥ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 欠 (“deficient”) and 視 (“to see”)

vi-sinoe

(formal, euphemistic) Synonym of mù (“blind”); visually impaired


gây

Mỡ bò gây lắm, không ăn được.

Beef fat is so fatty-smelling; it’s inedible.


chàm

From Proto-Vietic *ɟaːm. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 藍 (SV: lam). Doublet of lam.
The same phonological development can be also seen with chàng and chạp.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lam</i>


chàm

đỏ, cam, vàng, lục, lam, chàm, tím

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

species from the genus Indigofera, used to make indigo dye


nếm

nếm canh

nếm thử miếng bánh

to taste a piece of bánh and check its flavor

(transitive, especially cooking) to taste in order to check the flavor


thính giác

[tʰïŋ˧˦ zaːk̚˧˦]

[tʰɨn˦˧˥ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɨn˦˥ jaːk̚˦˥]


nhắm

(shooting, archery) to aim, especially with one eye closed


khắm

stinky, stinking, smelling like rotten fish


ngon miệng

[ŋɔn˧˧ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ŋɔŋ˧˧ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ŋɔŋ˧˧ miəŋ˨˩˨]


hôi

From Proto-Vietic *hoːj. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] hɔːj¹. Compare Proto-Palaungic *ʔu/oːj (“to stink”), whence U ʔùj.


chát

head

𨐷 - 𨐿, 𠹗, 質, 貭

vi-adj

𨐷 - 𨐿, 𠹗, 質, 貭

[t͡ɕaːk̚˦˧˥]

Probably borrowed from a Khmuic language, cf. Proto-Khmuic *c₁at (“sour”) (whence Khmu cat).

chua chát

astringent, as in the dry, almost bitter taste of tea or unripe bananas


xám

head

xám • (監, 藍) (diminutive reduplication xam xám)

監 (CJK)
藍 (CJK)
xam xám (diminutive reduplication)


hăng

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *haŋ (“pungent in taste”); cognates include Koho hang (“salty”), Central Mnong hăng (“peppery”), Car Nicobarese hang (“to smart; be made hot (by chilies)”).

cog

(of taste or smell) pungent; strong (onion, garlic)


thị giác

[tʰi˧˨ʔ zaːk̚˧˦]

[tʰɪj˨˩ʔ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰɪj˨˩˨ jaːk̚˦˥]


nước hoa

[nɨək̚˧˦ hwaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ hwaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ waː˧˧]


ngọt ngào

[ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ ŋaːw˨˩]

[ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ ŋaːw˦˩]

[ŋɔk̚˨˩˨ ŋaːw˨˩]

(of taste, voice, feeling, etc.) sweet; pleasant; loving; tender; suave


chói

Đừng rọi đèn pin vô thẳng mắt người ta nghe chưa, chói lắm.

Don't point a flashlight straight at someone's eyes, it's very bright.


nháy

nháy mắt


viễn thị

[viən˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˨ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠視, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 視 (“vision”).

vi-etym-sino

(pathology) long-sighted; far-sighted; hypermetropic


cận thị

[kən˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近視, composed of 近 (“near”) and 視 (“vision”).

(pathology) short-sighted; near-sighted; myopic


xanh lá cây

[sajŋ̟˧˧ laː˧˦ kəj˧˧]

[sɛɲ˧˧ laː˨˩˦ kəj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xanh lá cây.wav

xanh (“green or blue”) + lá cây (“leaf”).


khét

Cognate with Chut [Mày] kahɛt³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).


giụi

Mẹ đã bảo là tay bẩn đừng có giụi mắt !

I told you not to rub your eyes with your filthy hands!


biếc

head

biếc • (碧) (diminutive reduplication biêng biếc)

碧 (CJK)
biêng biếc (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 碧 (SV: bích).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bích</i>

vi-etym-sino

mắt biếc


xanh lè

[sajŋ̟˧˧ lɛ˨˩]

[sɛɲ˧˧ lɛ˦˩]

From xanh (“grue”) + lè; the second element here is probably the same as in chua lè (“very sour”), cay lè (“very spicy”).


xúc giác

[sʊwk͡p̚˧˦ zaːk̚˧˦]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[sʊwk͡p̚˦˥ jaːk̚˦˥]


thuỷ tinh thể

[tʰwi˧˩ tïŋ˧˧ tʰe˧˩]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ tɨn˧˧ tʰej˧˨]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ tɨn˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水晶體, composed of 水晶 (“crystal”) and 體 (“body”). Compare Japanese 水晶体 (suishōtai), Korean 수정체 (sujeongche).

bị đục thuỷ tinh thể


nheo

nheo mắt


vừa miệng

[vɨə˨˩ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[vɨə˦˩ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vɨə˨˩ miəŋ˨˩˨]

[jɨə˨˩ miəŋ˨˩˨]


giác quan

[jaːk̚˦˧˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[jaːk̚˦˥ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 覺關, composed of 覺 (“feel; perceive”) and 關 (“sense”).

giác quan thứ sáu


vị giác

[vi˧˨ʔ zaːk̚˧˦]

[vɪj˨˩ʔ jaːk̚˦˧˥]

[vɪj˨˩˨ jaːk̚˦˥]

[jɪj˨˩˨ jaːk̚˦˥]

taste (one of the sensations produced by the tongue)


khẳn

head

khẳn (diminutive reduplication khăn khẳn)


thủm

thủm • (𦤰, 𫇍) (diminutive reduplication thum thủm)

𦤰 (CJK)
𫇍 (CJK)
thum thủm (diminutive reduplication)


xú uế

[sʊw˨˩˦ ʔwej˨˩˦]


bùi

Lạc càng nhai càng thấy bùi.

The peanut left a nuttier and nuttier taste the more I chewed on it.

(of a flavor) delicious and fattish, as with peanuts or chestnuts; nutty


hắc

to wear an expression of extreme pain on one's face

Loại rau này ăn sống hắc lắm.

This type of vegetable is pungent when eaten raw.


đồng tử

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]


giác mạc

[zaːk̚˧˦ maːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːk̚˦˧˥ maːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːk̚˦˥ maːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 角膜, composed of 角 (“horn”) and 膜 (“membrane”).


vàng khè

[vaːŋ˨˩ xɛ˨˩]

[vaːŋ˦˩ kʰɛ˦˩]

[vaːŋ˦˩ xɛ˦˩]

[vaːŋ˨˩ kʰɛ˨˩]

[jaːŋ˨˩ xɛ˨˩]

Sau quần vàng khè vậy ? Ị đùn à ?

Why are your pants so yellow? Did you shit yourself?


đen thui

[ʔɗɛn˧˧ tʰuj˧˧]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ tʰuj˧˧]

[ʔɗɛŋ˧˧ tʰuj˧˧]

đen thui thùi lùi


đỏ lòm

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ lɔm˨˩]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ lɔm˦˩]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ lɔm˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đỏ lòm.wav

đỏ (“red”) + lòm; the second element likely from Proto-Vietic *lɔːm (“liver”) (cf. Muong Bi lòm (“liver”)), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm (“liver”).


trắng toát

[t͡ɕaŋ˧˦ twaːt̚˧˦]

[ʈaŋ˦˧˥ twaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʈaŋ˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾aːk̚˦˥]

trắng + toát, possibly a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雪 (“snow”, SV: tuyết).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tuyết</i>


loạn thị

[lwaːn˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[lwaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亂視, composed of 亂 (“chaotic”) and 視 (“vision”)


xanh dương

[sajŋ̟˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɛɲ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[san˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]


xanh nước biển

[sajŋ̟˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[sɛɲ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[san˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]


xám xịt

[saːm˦˧˥ sit̚˨˩ʔ]

[saːm˦˥ sɨt̚˨˩˨]


bôi đen

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓoj˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bôi đen.wav

(writing, printing) to use black or blue ink to "delete" or redact text


hồng hào

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːw˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ haːw˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅 (“red”) and 豪 (“great”).

(of complexion) pinkish in a way that indicates good health or beauty


vàng chanh

[vaːŋ˨˩ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[vaːŋ˦˩ t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧]


kính áp tròng

[kïŋ˧˦ ʔaːp̚˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˨˩]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ ʈawŋ͡m˦˩]

[kɨn˦˧˥ ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ ʈɔŋ˦˩]

[kɨn˦˥ ʔaːp̚˦˥ ʈawŋ͡m˨˩]

kính (“glass”) + áp (“to tightly rest on or make direct contact with”) + tròng (“lens; iris”), perhaps literally meaning either "glasses with lenses making direct contact with the eyeballs" or "glasses making direct contact with the iris".


đỏ hoe

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ hwɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ hwɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ wɛ˧˧]


đỏ au

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ ʔaw˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ ʔaw˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ ʔa(ː)w˧˧]


đỏ gay

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ ɣaj˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ ɣaj˧˧]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ ɣa(ː)j˧˧]

red-faced due to alcohol, hot weather or anger


đỏ bừng

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ ʔɓɨŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ ʔɓɨŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ ʔɓɨŋ˨˩]


đỏ đắn

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ ʔɗan˧˦]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ ʔɗaŋ˦˥]


đỏ quạch

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ kwajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ kwat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ wat̚˨˩˨]


đỏ chói

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ t͡ɕɔj˧˦]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ t͡ɕɔj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ cɔj˦˥]


đỏ ửng

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ ʔɨŋ˧˩]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ ʔɨŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ ʔɨŋ˨˩˦]


đỏ tía

[ʔɗɔ˧˩ tiə˧˦]

[ʔɗɔ˧˨ tiə˨˩˦]

[ʔɗɔ˨˩˦ tiə˦˥]


vàng hoe

[vaːŋ˨˩ hwɛ˧˧]

[vaːŋ˦˩ hwɛ˧˧]

[vaːŋ˨˩ wɛ˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩ wɛ˧˧]


tím biếc

[tim˧˦ ʔɓiək̚˧˦]

[tim˦˧˥ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥]

[tim˦˥ ʔɓiək̚˦˥]


xanh biếc

[sajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˧˦]

[sɛɲ˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥]

[san˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˥]


vàng mơ

[vaːŋ˨˩ məː˧˧]

[vaːŋ˦˩ məː˧˧]

[vaːŋ˨˩ məː˧˧]

[jaːŋ˨˩ məː˧˧]

apricot (of a pale yellowish-orange colour, like that of an apricot)


màng lưới

[maːŋ˨˩ lɨəj˧˦]

[maːŋ˦˩ lɨj˨˩˦]

[maːŋ˨˩ lɨj˦˥]

màng + lưới, calque of Chinese 網膜／网膜 (võng mạc). Interestingly, màng here is used to translate 膜 (MC mak), not its etymological source, 網 (MC mjangX). Doublet of mạng lưới.