ga

From French gaz (“gas”), from Dutch gas.

Bật lửa này hết ga rồi.


bia

Borrowed from French bière, from Middle Dutch bier.

bụng bia


chè

1961: Nguyễn Huy Tưởng, Chapter 13, Sống mãi với Thủ Đô
Tất cả hoà hợp trong cái vui rối rít mà vẫn nhịp nhàng của những tranh, những câu đối, những bao hương, bao nến, bao chè, những bánh pháo, những hộp kẹo, hộp mứt, những chậu cá vàng.
Everything came together in the bustling yet harmonious joy of the paintings, the Chinese couplets, the bags of perfume, of chè, the firecrackers, the boxes of candy, of candied fruit, the goldfish bowls.

a thick, sweet dessert soup or pudding, often made with glutinous rice and/or beans


cà phê

head

cà phê • (咖啡)

vi-noun

cà phê • (咖啡)

Adapted from an earlier form trà phê (“coffee”) (Martini, 1958; Michaud et al., 2015), as attested in scholar Pétrus Ky's Cours d'annamite parlé [A course in spoken Annamese] (1894). This is a phono-semantic matching of French café (“coffee”), matching the first syllable with the existing Sino-Vietnamese word trà (“tea”); literally, this name could be interpreted as: “a kind of tea with the phê attribute” (whatever that attribute may mean).
Naming coffee as a type of tea acclimatises the new beverage, introducing it into a set that already included trà tàu (“Chinese tea (black tea)”), trà Huế (“Annamese tea (green tea)”), trà hoa (“camellia tea”), trà rừng (“three-seeded mercury (herbal) tea”), and so on (Martini, 1958; Michaud et al., 2015). An example is found in Cours d'annamite parlé:
:
anh uống trà-phe hay-là trà-tàu
Do you drink coffee [the phe tea] or tea [the Chinese tea]?
Later on, the form trà phê underwent re-foreignisation, influenced by French-speaking Vietnamese who pronounce French café as ‹ca phê› (Michaud et al., 2015). A hybrid form of cà phê emerged as a consequence, retaining the original /k/ in the donor language and the tone of trà, and this form eventually became the standard (Nguyễn, 1999).
An alternative theory for the unexpected tone on cà was put forth by Emeneau (1951: 4, 158), who tentatively proposed that it was due to association with cà (“eggplant”), in a fashion similar to cà rốt (“carrot”). However, this is now deemed to be very unlikely.
Compare phê (“high; intoxicated”), as well as Cantonese 咖啡 (gaa3 fe1, also with a lower tone on the first syllable).

ux

Do you drink coffee 􂀿the phe tea􂁀 or tea 􂀿the Chinese tea􂁀?

cog

cà phê có liền

cà phê dùng ngay

cà phê hòa tan

cà phê nồi

máy xay cà phê

tiệm cà phê

quán cà phê

coffee shop; coffee bar; coffee house; café


sữa

From Proto-Vietic *p-rah. Cognate with Muong khã, Nguôn [Cổ Liêm] rả.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as ⿰吕巴, composed of 巴 (MC pae) + 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: ba lã), ⿰吕巨, composed of 巨 (MC gjoX) + 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: cự lã) and 吕 (MC ljoX) (modern SV: lã).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sữa.wav

sữa bò

sữa bột

sữa chua

Sữa mẹ là nguồn dinh dưỡng tốt nhất cho sự phát triển của trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ nhỏ.

Mothers' milk is the optimal nutrient for their newborns' and/or infants' development.

milk (white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young)


cà phê sữa đá

head

cà phê sữa đá

cà phê sữa đá

[kaː˨˩ fe˧˧ sɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ sɨə˧˨ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗaː˦˥]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗaː˦˥]

cà phê (“coffee”) + sữa (“milk”) + đá (“ice”, short for nước đá)

compound

short for <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nước đá</i>

a Vietnamese coffee drink made with brewed coffee, sweetened condensed milk, and ice


sinh tố

[sïŋ˧˧ to˧˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ tow˨˩˦]

[ʂɨn˧˧ tow˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 生素, composed of 生 (“life”) and 素 (“element”), from Chinese 維生素／维生素 (duy sinh tố, literally “life-sustaining element”).


xá xị

[saː˧˦ si˧˨ʔ]

[saː˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩ʔ]

[saː˦˥ sɪj˨˩˨]

From Sarsi, a sarsaparilla-flavored soft drink produced in Taiwan and Southeast Asian nations.


uýt-ki

[ʔwɨt̚˦˧˥ kɪj˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɨt̚˦˥ kɪj˧˧]


sâm panh

[səm˧˧ pajŋ̟˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ pɛɲ˧˧]

[səm˧˧ pɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ pan˧˧]

[ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]

[səm˧˧ ʔɓan˧˧]


rượu

head

rượu • (酒, 溜, 𨢇, 𤄍)

vi-noun

rượu • (酒, 溜, 𨢇, 𤄍)

From Proto-Vietic *raːwʔ. Cognate with Muong Bi rão, Tho [Cuối Chăm] riɛw⁴, Proto-Pong *riɛw⁴. This word is only attested in the more innovative subgroups (Viet-Muong, Tho, Pong), while the more conservative subgroups such as Chutic inheriting reflexes of *p-ɗoː (originally "yeast", cf. Khmu [Cuang] pdoʔ ("yeast")) or some other words.
Considering the paucity of cognates, the lack of indication of semantic shift from earlier meaning and that it is a cultural item, this is probably ultimately a loanword, although the origin is not yet clear. However, compare Proto-Tai *ʰlawꟲ (whence Thai เหล้า (lâo)), as well as these Sino-Tibetan words: Chinese 醪 (OC *ruːw, “alcohol with dregs”) (ZS),Tibetan རུ་མ (ru ma, “curdled milk”), and Jingpho ru (“liquor”).
This is not a cognate nor descendant of Chinese 酒 (OC *tsuʔ) (B-S). As indicated by reflexes in other Vietic languages, Vietnamese ‹r-› is inherited and is not the result of spirantization.


cốc tai

[kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ taːj˧˧]

From English cocktail or French cocktail.


phin

cà phê phin


trà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 茶. Doublet of lá and chè.

chén uống trà

(Southern Vietnam, Northern Vietnam) tea


sữa đặc

[sɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗak̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[sɨə˧˨ ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]

[sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗak̚˨˩˨]


trà trân châu

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ t͡ɕən˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʈəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʈəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]


hồng trà

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈaː˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅茶, composed of 紅 (“pink, red”) and 茶 (“tea”).


trà đạo

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 茶道, composed of 茶 (“tea”) and 道 (“way; discipline”), from Japanese 茶道 (sadō, chadō)


nước ngọt

[nɨək̚˧˦ ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨]


trà đá

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ ʔɗaː˧˦]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʔɗaː˨˩˦]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʔɗaː˦˥]


trà sữa

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ sɨə˦ˀ˥]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʂɨə˧˨]

[ʈaː˦˩ sɨə˧˨]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʂɨə˨˩˦]

[ʈaː˨˩ sɨə˨˩˦]


cà phê trứng

[kaː˨˩ fe˧˧ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ fej˧˧ ʈɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ fej˧˧ ʈɨŋ˦˥]


vắt sữa

[vat̚˧˦ sɨə˦ˀ˥]

[vak̚˦˧˥ ʂɨə˧˨]

[vak̚˦˧˥ sɨə˧˨]

[vak̚˦˥ ʂɨə˨˩˦]

[jak̚˦˥ sɨə˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vắt sữa.wav

to milk (to express milk from mammal; to draw from the breasts or udder; to masturbate a male to ejaculation)


đối ẩm

[ʔɗoj˧˦ ʔəm˧˩]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˨]

[ʔɗoj˦˥ ʔəm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 對 (“to face”) and 飲 (“to drink”)

(rare) to drink alcohol or tea with someone


mạt trà

[maːt̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ ʈaː˦˩]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ ʈaː˨˩]


bò húc

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ hʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ hʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ hʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

- Vậy cho cháu hai lon Bò Húc!
Huy nhìn tôi không chớp mắt, còn tôi cười hì hì giải thích.
Tớ nghĩ đi nghĩ lại thì, nên uống Bò Húc vẫn hơn. Chiều còn dạy mấy em lớp dưới chơi đàn.

2016, Kio, Chuyện của Ju và Ki [The Story of Ju and Ki], Nhà xuất bản Văn học:

"I'd like two Red Bulls, please!"
Huy looked at me unblinkingly, and I explained to him smilingly.
"I changed my mind, Red Bull's better. I'll be teaching the guitar to some of the underclassmen this afternoon."


nước ngọt có ga

[nɨək̚˧˦ ŋɔt̚˧˨ʔ kɔ˧˦ ɣaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ ŋɔk̚˨˩ʔ kɔ˨˩˦ ɣaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ ŋɔk̚˨˩˨ kɔ˦˥ ɣaː˧˧]

nước ngọt (“sweet drink”) + có (“having, possessing”) + ga (“gas, carbon dioxide”).


nước lạnh

[nɨək̚˧˦ lajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ lɛɲ˨˩ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˥ lan˨˩˨]

Trong khoang xe EcoSport hoàn toàn mới có 20 chỗ chứa đồ rất tiện dụng, bao gồm ngăn chứa đồ có thể đựng được đến 6 lon nước lạnh.

2016 September 16, “Ford ‘trình làng’ phiên bản xe thể thao đặc biệt EcoSport Titanium”, in Tạp chí Tài chính, Hanoi, retrieved 2022-08-05:

Inside the all-new EcoSport’s interior, there are 20 very useful compartments, including trays that can hold up to six beverage cans.

any beverage typically served cold, especially juice or soft drink


lục trà

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈaː˦˩]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綠茶, composed of 綠 (“green”) and 茶 (“tea”).


trà đen

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


trà xanh

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʈaː˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

[ʈaː˨˩ san˧˧]


nước tăng lực

[nɨək̚˧˦ taŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ taŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[nɨək̚˦˥ taŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

nước (“drink”) + tăng (“增, to boost”) + lực (“力, power”).

af

an energy drink (a kind of highly caffeinated beverage)


nước có ga

[nɨək̚˧˦ kɔ˧˦ ɣaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ kɔ˨˩˦ ɣaː˧˧]

[nɨək̚˦˥ kɔ˦˥ ɣaː˧˧]

nước (“water”) + có (“having, possessing”) + ga (“gas, carbon dioxide”).

compound

Tôi không nghĩ họ có nước có ga ở đây.

I don't think they have sparkling water here.


chanh muối

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ muəj˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧ muj˨˩˦]

chanh (“lemon, lime”) + muối (“pickled”).

the beverage made of this ingredient; salty lemonade, salty limeade


sữa đậu nành

[sɨə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ najŋ̟˨˩]

[ʂɨə˧˨ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ nɛɲ˦˩]

[sɨə˧˨ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ nɛɲ˦˩]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩˨ nan˨˩]

[sɨə˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩˨ nan˨˩]


đá chanh

[ʔɗaː˧˦ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ can˧˧]

đá (“ice cube”) + chanh (“lemon, lime”).

lemonade (flavored beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener)

lemonade (clear, carbonated beverage made from lemon)


rượu đế

[ziəw˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ʐɨəw˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ɹɨəw˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

rượu (“wine, liquor, drink, alcohol”) + đế (“kans grass”). Originated during the early period of French colonization of Vietnam, were the government allowed only one type of alcoholic beverage for consumption. Unsatisfied with that condition, the Vietnamese resorted to distilling their own liquor and hid it behind tall grass called cỏ tranh (cogon grass), or another kind of grass called đế (kans grass).

com

(Southern Vietnam) a distilled liquor from Vietnam, made of either glutinous or non-glutinous rice


bình cũ rượu mới

(figurative) old form, new content; the new, revised content is still conveyed with the old, familiar form, wording or literary devices


sữa tươi

[sɨə˦ˀ˥ tɨəj˧˧]

[ʂɨə˧˨ tɨj˧˧]

[sɨə˧˨ tɨj˧˧]

[ʂɨə˨˩˦ tɨj˧˧]

[sɨə˨˩˦ tɨj˧˧]


trà bơ

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ ʔɓəː˧˧]

[ʈaː˦˩ ʔɓəː˧˧]

[ʈaː˨˩ ʔɓəː˧˧]

28/04/2015, Nguyên Thảo, Tụi con còn sống giữa động đất Nepal, Thanh Niên Online

The butter tea spilled on the steps made few people tumble down, I ran out and luckily I wasn't injured.

Trà bơ đổ tràn trên bật thềm làm vài người ngã lăn lốc, tôi chạy thoát ra ngoài mà may mắn không bị thương.