mi

đô, rê, mi

(music) mi (third note of diatonic scale)


lam

(architecture) louvers, blinds, shutters


仄

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


樂

Near-synonym: 音樂 (âm nhạc) (as a concept)

chữ Hán form of nhạc (“music (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)”).


鸞

chữ Hán form of loan (“(Chinese mythology) hen-phoenix”).


đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây, cái) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot


AQ

[ʔaː˧˧ kwi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ kwɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ wɪj˧˧]

Phép thắng lợi tinh thần là tạo ra những thắng lợi trong tưởng tượng mà thực chất là thất bại. Người khác đánh AQ, AQ bị thua, AQ cho rằng nó đánh mình chẳng khác gì nó đánh bố nó.

2019, Đinh Thị Quỳnh Mai, “Mỗi tuần một cuốn sách: AQ CHÍNH TRUYỆN (LỖ TẤN) (A Book Every Week: The True Story of Ah Q by Lu Xun)”, in Department of Education and Training of Hà Tĩnh Province - hatinh.edu.vn:

The Method of Psychological Victory is the creation of victories in one's own imagination from defeats in reality. Another man beat Ah Q, Ah Q was defeated; yet Ah Q thought that him beating (Ah Q) was not different from him beating his own father.

Ah Q; the main character in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q


tang

Trống thủng còn tang.

The drum was busted, leaving only the shell.


nhạc

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: âm nhạc (as a concept)

music (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


vai

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vai.wav

Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕai, ꞗai in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 多埋 (MC ta meaj) (modern SV: đa mai).
Compare Proto-Katuic *ʔapaal (“shoulder”) (whence Pacoh apal).
Some North Central dialects have the form ban with unlenited ‹b› (vs. standard form with lenited ‹v›) and ‹-n› reflex of earlier *-l.

vai chính

vai phụ

(television, film, theater) a role; a part


bón

From a Tai language. Compare Thai ป้อน (bpɔ̂ɔn), Saek puːn⁶.

to put (manure or fertilizer) on the soil


音樂

Near-synonym: 樂 (nhạc) (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)

chữ Hán form of âm nhạc (“music (as a concept)”).


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

Attested as mlác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(calligraphy) a stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


bà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 婆 (“grandmother”). In Chinese and Japanese, the same character actually corresponds to 爺 /爷 (yé, “grandfather”), as opposed to 翁 (“old man”) which yields Vietnamese ông.

vi-etym-sino

(narratology) she/her, an admirable/lovable old/deceased woman


móc

cái (classifier)
木 (CJK)
鈢 (CJK)
𠣛 (CJK)
𢪮 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːk, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *dɓɔk; cognate with Muong Bi bóc and Khmer ថ្ពក់ (thpŭək, “to hook”).


大丈夫

đại trượng phu
đại trượng phu#Vietnamese:_大丈夫

chữ Hán form of đại trượng phu (“(archaic, Chinese fiction) a virtuous, ambitious, admirable man”).


hè

Đem xe vào nhà chứ đừng để ngoài hè.

Bring the bike inside, don't leave it outside on the porch.


chàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郎 (“young person”, SV: lang). The same development of the initial can also be seen with chạp and possibly also chuồng (if the latter were indeed an early Chinese loan according to Alves, 2018).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lang</i>

vi-etym-sino

chàng hoàng tử

chuyện chàng Hậu Nghệ bắn hạ Mặt Trời

the tale of Hou Yi, the man who shot down the Suns

(humorous) anh chàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult man


chàng

俍众妾胋陳濁

c. 1800, Hồ Xuân Hương, Đánh cờ [A Game of Xiangqi]:

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) you (referring to beloved man)

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that admirable or lovable young man


chú

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that young fellow

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that anthropomorphic male animal

(narratology, literary, endearing) Short for chú bé (“he/him, that little boy”).


kèn

Borrowed from Tai; compare Thai แคน (kɛɛn) and Lao ແຄນ (khǣn). Compare also khèn.


lí

lí cây đa


nàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 娘 (“lady”, SV: nương). Compare Thai นาง (naang). Doublet of nường.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nương</i>

vi-etym-sino

nàng tiên cá

(humorous) cô nàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult woman


trường

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-trường.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trường.wav

trường tiểu học/trung học cơ sở/trung học phổ thông/đại học

an elementary school/junior high/senior high/university

đến trường

to physically come to a school, not necessarily to study; (literary) to go to school

nhà trường

Mày đến trường làm gì ?
Học chứ gì ?
Why did you come to the school?
Why else, other than to go to school?

a school (an institution dedicated to teaching and learning)


nó

Probably originally a variant of nọ (“that yonder”).
For semantic relationship, compare French il, Spanish él (and other reflexes of Latin ille), Macedonian тој (toj), Japanese 彼 (kare), Turkish o.

(literary, fiction, narratology, disrespectful or familiar) he; him; she; her (used by the author when talking about a young person (especially the protagonist) or a non-human animal)


ununenni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbinili

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ni˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]


cây

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cây.wav

From Proto-Vietic *gəl ~ *kəl. Cognate with Central Vietnamese cân, Muong câl, cấl, Kha Phong kɨl². Related to cấy.
Various words with similar shape that have the meaning of "to fell trees" occur in many Austroasiatic branches, including Semai kòl, Temiar kel, Proto-Bahnaric *kal (whence Koho köl) and Proto-Katuic *kəl (whence Pacoh câl); all could be contributed to *kuəl ~ *kəl (“to cut down, fell”), which might be related to the root above. Alternatively, compare Proto-Khmuic *tŋkəl (“stump”) (whence Khmu [Cuang] tŋkɨl), Khmer គល់ (kŭəl), Mon ဓဂဵု.

(music) Indicates string instruments and some other types of musical instruments


閣下

chữ Hán form of các hạ (“(Chinese fiction, honorific) you”).


nhịp

head

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

vi-noun

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

nhịp tim


tiêu

(music) a vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Vietnamese music


vè

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 話 (SV: thoại).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thoại</i>

vi-etym-sino

(poetry) a rhyming poetic and song form, most typical of northern Vietnam


trống

head

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

vi-noun

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𤿰 (CJK)
𫪹 (CJK)
𪔠 (CJK)
弄 (CJK)
𲎚 (CJK)

Borrowed from Tai. Compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng) and Lao ກອງ (kǭng).

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]


kèn fagôt

[kɛn˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣot̚˧˦]

[kɛŋ˦˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˧˥]

[kɛŋ˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˥]

From kèn (“double-reed instrument”) + a component fagôt borrowed from a European language (compare Italian fagotto (“bassoon”)).


kèn ôboa

[kɛn˨˩ ʔo˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˦˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˨˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]


vi-ô-lông-xen

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]


sáo nhỏ

[saːw˧˦ ɲɔ˧˩]

[ʂaːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[saːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[ʂaːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]

[saːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]


sáo

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哨 (SV: tiêu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiêu</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sáu.wav


月琴

chữ Hán form of nguyệt cầm (“moon lute”).


đàn nguyệt

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“classifier used for stringed instruments”) and 月 (“moon”).

moon lute, a traditional Vietnamese plucked, fretted lute with a round body and two strings


đàn gáo

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɣaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɣaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɣaːw˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“musical instrument”) + gáo (“dipper”).

compound

a traditional Vietnamese bowed string instrument with two strings and a coconut shell resonator


đàn bầu

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 彈匏 (SV: đàn bào).
Compound of đàn (“a classifier designating string instruments”) + bầu (“gourd; the instrument formerly had a resonator made from a dried gourd”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đàn bào</i>


đàn nhị

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“musical instrument”) and 二 (“two, in reference to the two strings”).

vi-etym-sino

a vertical bowed string instrument with two strings, used in the traditional and classical music of Vietnam


nhã nhạc

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˧˨ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雅樂, composed of 雅 (“elegant”) and 樂 (“music”), from Middle Chinese 雅樂 (ŋˠa^X ŋˠʌk̚).

nhã nhạc cung đình Huế

(music) the ancient court ritual music of Vietnam, of Chinese origin


hát ru

[haːk̚˦˧˥ ʐʊw˧˧]

[haːk̚˦˥ ɹʊw˧˧]


cửa

vi-noun

(classifier cánh, cái) cửa • (𨷯, 㪯, 擧, 𨴦, 𨵣, 𨷶, 𪭚, 𫔤, 𫔳, 𫔸, 𬮌, 𬮷, 󰗽, 󰘂, 󰘅, 󰘇)

cánh (classifier)
cái (classifier)
𨷯 (CJK)
㪯 (CJK)
擧 (CJK)
𨴦 (CJK)
𨵣 (CJK)
𨷶 (CJK)
𪭚 (CJK)
𫔤 (CJK)
𫔳 (CJK)
𫔸 (CJK)
𬮌 (CJK)
𬮷 (CJK)

From a Sino-Tibetan language. Compare Phuza ʑɛ³¹ ka³¹ ("door"), Nuosu ꀃꈈ (ip ko, “door”), Naxi ku (“door”). Cognate with Muong cứa.
Related to Chinese 戶 (OC *m-qˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: hộ) through the Sino-Tibetan root, but unlikely to be derived from it since correspondences are irregular. Doublet of hộ and họ.

cửa chính

cửa sổ


nàng thơ

[naːŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]


rồng

head

滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵

vi-noun

滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵

(classifier con) rồng • (滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵)

con (classifier)
滝 (CJK)
瀧 (CJK)
蠪 (CJK)
蠬 (CJK)
𧍰 (CJK)
𧏵 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ, from Old Chinese 龍 (OC *[mə]-roŋ) (B-S) (SV: long). Compare also Khmer រោង (roong, “Year of the Dragon”).
Attested as ròu᷃ in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).


công xéc tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


công-xéc-tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


ông

→ Khmer: អុង (ʼong)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 翁 (“old man”). In Japanese, the same character corresponds to 嫗 (“old woman”). The character for bà (which corresponds to ông in Vietnamese), 婆 (pó, “grandmother”), actually corresponds to 爺 /爷 (yé, “grandfather”) in Chinese and Japanese.

(narratology) he/him, an admirable/lovable old or deceased man


鴻毛

(mythology) one of the nine groups of hair of the mane of the horse that Sơn Tinh offered the reigning Hùng king to propose to his princess


tam âm la

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三 (“three”), 音 (“sound”) and 鑼 (“gong”).

vi-etym-sino

a traditional Vietnamese musical instrument consisting of three small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese yunluo and used in nhã nhạc


đàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“to play (a musical instrument)”).

a number of musical instruments (properly a string instrument, though used for a few non-string instruments)


cứt

From Proto-Vietic *kəc ~ *kɨc (“faeces”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *ʔicʔ (“excrement; faeces”). Cognate with Muong Bi kếch (“rusty”), Arem kʉc, Khmer អាចម៍ (ʼac).
This is one of three known cases of velar initial in Vietnamese corresponding to zero-initial in other Austroasiatic branches. The other two cases are củi (“firewood”) and the dialectal cảy (“swollen”).

inh

cục cứt

đống cứt

Coi chừng giậm cứt chó đó nghen.

(informal) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)


huyền

đen huyền

tóc huyền

(thanh) huyền

(dấu) huyền

the grave accent for representing the huyền tone


ghi-ta

[ɣi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

ghi-ta điện


ngục

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(chiefly in historical contexts, otherwise literary) prison


kim tự tháp

[kim˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ tʰaːp̚˧˦]

[kim˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥]

[kim˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ tʰaːp̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kim tự tháp.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金字塔, composed of 金字 (“the Chinese character 金 (jīn, “gold”)”) and 塔 (“tower”).

vi-etym-sino

the Chinese character <i class="Hani mention" lang="zh">金</i> (jīn, “gold”)


nhà thương

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

nhà thương điên

(now humorous, dated in serious usage) hospital


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, from Tai Dam kurung or gurung. Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) blood-sucking evil spirit in ethnic minority's folklores

Abraham Lincoln, thợ săn ma cà rồng


cong

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ (“be bent”); cognates include Khmer កោង (kaong, “curved, be bent”) and Mon ကိုၚ် (“be bent”). See also Thai โค้ง (kóong), Chinese 弓 (cung).

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave left


tháp

Thác Tháp Lí Thiên Vương

(feudal Chinese-style architecture, especially Buddhism) a pagoda


miếu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廟. Doublet of miễu.


đền

head

đền • (填, 搷)

vi-verb

đền • (填, 搷)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 填 (SV: điền).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">điền</i>


thuật

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

(usually in compounds) art; craft; skill; technique


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

(music) to play (a non-wind instrument); compare thổi (“to play/blow (a wind instrument)”)


cầm

(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument


nguyệt cầm

[ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ kəm˨˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ kəm˦˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 月琴, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 琴 (“stringed instrument”).


chân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chân.wav

chân, thiện, mĩ


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平 (“level; even”); originally the Northern reading. Its distribution likely already extended beyond Northern Vietnam by the time Vietnamese started to be written down in the Latin script. See also bình, the current chief form used in compounds and the main form in placenames in Southern Vietnam.
The expected reading of the Northern form would be *bềnh, which is unattested. Compare pairs such as bệnh vs. bịnh, nghênh vs. nghinh, lệnh vs. lịnh.
It is sometimes claimed that this form is due to the taboo of the title 北平王 (Bắc Bình/Bằng vương) of Quang Trung, but this is demonstrably false as bàng (as well as bàng an, bàng ien) is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the dialects of Northern Vietnam.

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being a ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a bằng tone


阿Q

chữ Hán form of AQ/A Q (“Ah Q; the main character in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q”).


cô

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cô.wav

(formal, chiefly in fiction or translation) you, a young adult woman


cô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孤 (“lonesome”).

14th century, Luo Guanzhong Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 78; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
Hán Trung vương nói: - Cô kết nghĩa với Quan, Trương hai em ở vườn đào, thề cùng sống thác với nhau. Nay Vân Trường chẳng may bị hại, cô sao hưởng phú quý một mình được!

The King of Hanzhong said: - I swore an oath of fraternal rectitude with my two younger oath-brothers Guan, Zhang in the peach garden, pledging to live and die together. Now [Guan] Yunzhang unfortunately has been maliciously murdered, how can I enjoy riches by myself?


đạo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盜 (“to steal”).

đạo nhạc

đạo văn

to rip off someone else's written piece or writing style

đạo tranh


tục

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 俗 (“custom; vulgar”).

tục truyền rằng

(narratology, only in fixed expressions) legend


vịnh

Vịnh cái quạt

Vịnh đời người

Vịnh Hằng Nga
On Heng'e

(poetry) a type of poem that describes or comments on a particular subject


phách

a clapper or woodblock made out of bamboo or hardwood, used in the traditional music of Vietnam, including ca trù


câm

For the sense of "orthographically silent", a semantic loan from French muet.

kịch câm


chuyển

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chuyển.wav


điêu

Anh hùng xạ điêu

(wuxia fiction) a giant eagle in Jin Yong's wuxia novels and their live action adaptations


viện bảo tàng

[viən˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːw˧˩ taːŋ˨˩]

[viəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːw˧˨ taːŋ˦˩]

[viəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

[jiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

viện (“institution”) + bảo tàng (“museum”)


bảo tàng

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ taːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ taːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 保藏 (“to preserve”) or 寶藏 /宝藏 (“precious deposits”)


giai điệu

[zaːj˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


tì bà

[ti˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

[tɪj˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩]

[tɪj˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

pipa (pear-shaped plucked lute) or one of its derivatives (Vietnamese dan ty ba, Japanese biwa, Korean bipa)


đàn tam

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ taːm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“a classifier designating string instruments”) and 三 (“three”).

a fretless lute with snakeskin-covered body and three strings


tiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仙, also written as 僊.

thần tiên

Bát Tiên

Hằng Nga Tiên tử

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)

cô tiên xanh

Nàng tiên cá

(by extension, Western fantasy) a fine, beautiful creature such as a fairy, a pixie, an undine, an elf, a dryad, a mermaid, etc.


phổ

phổ nhạc

to compose a score or to arrange it; to set to music

phổ lời

(music) to compose a score, arrange, or write lyrics to a song


chấm

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a dot (㇔)


cung

cung/nhà văn hoá


mẫu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 模 (SV: mô).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mô</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhà tạo mẫu tóc


khoá

cái (classifier)
課 (CJK)
鎖 (CJK)
銙 (CJK)
錁 (CJK)

Short for chìa khoá (“key”). Also semantic loan from English key and semantic loan from French clef.


trắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仄 (“oblique”).

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) oblique (involving a rising or falling contour)

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang nor huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


cửa sổ

[kɨə˧˩ so˧˩]

[kɨə˧˨ ʂow˧˨]

[kɨə˧˨ sow˧˨]

[kɨə˨˩˦ ʂow˨˩˦]

[kɨə˨˩˦ sow˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cửa sổ.wav

cửa (“door”) + sổ (“to escape, to slip away”).


nhảy

head

𧿆, 跳, 𧻭, 䟢, 𬦮

vi-verb

𧿆, 跳, 𧻭, 䟢, 𬦮

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhảy.wav

From Proto-Vietic *ʄas (“to jump”). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] jal⁵.

Chiều nay nhảy không?

to dance as a form of hobby, recreation, or entertainment


lầu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 樓 (SV: lâu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lâu</i>

vi-etym-sino

lầu 1

the 1st/2nd floor (1 level above the ground story)

nhà lầu

nhảy lầu tự tử

to jump off a high floor to kill oneself

(architecture, chiefly Southern Vietnam) a floor (except the ground floor)


phân

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 糞 (SV: phẩn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phẩn</i>

vi-etym-sino

cục phân

đống phân

(formal or euphemistic) stool; faeces; excrement


kèn túi

[kɛŋ˦˩ tuj˨˩˦]

[kɛŋ˨˩ tuj˦˥]


hiệu trưởng

[hiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 校長, composed of 校 (“school”) and 長 (“head”).

Đó là con đường chính dẫn đến trường Đămri – đường Brabun, tên vị hiệu trưởng đầu tiên của trường.

2006, Nguyễn Nhật Ánh, chapter 10, in Pho tượng của Baltalon (Chuyện xứ Lang Biang; 1), Kim Đồng:

It was the main road to Đămri school – Brabun road, named after the school's first principal.

(of a school) headmaster, principal, provost


hồ li

Daji
King Zhou of Shang
huli jing
vi:Hồ ly tinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 狐狸 (“fox”), shortened from Chinese 狐狸精 (hồ li tinh, “huli jing”, literally “fox spirit”). The most well-known of this kind is a fictitious counterpart of Daji, a female one that allured King Zhou of Shang into a reign of cruelty.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hồ li tinh</i>

(Chinese mythology) a type of fox yaoguai that disguises as a human; a fox in human's clothing


muội

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female junior among the speakers)


nhạc cụ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ ku˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ kʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhạc cụ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂具, composed of 樂 (“music”) and 具 (“instrument”).


sổ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 竪 (“vertical”, SV: thụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

nét sổ ngang

nét sổ dọc


tình ca

[tïŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情歌, composed of 情 (“love”) and 歌 (“song”).

Câu chuyện là một bản tình ca hùng tráng, khơi dậy tình yêu quê hương, đất nước.

The story is an epic that evokes palpable love for one's home, one's country.

(literary, music, poetry, literature) a song, poem or narrative that evokes a strong feeling of love (romantic, patriotic, nostalgic or otherwise)


múa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 舞 (SV: vũ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vũ</i>

vi-etym-sino

múa bụng

múa lân

múa quạt

Và từ sau hôm đó
Họ sánh bước bên nhau
Anh cúi sát mái đầu
Cùng người yêu anh nói:
“Nếu anh có con gái
Nó sẽ múa như em”
Cô mỉm cười tiếp thêm:
“Trai, em cho học nhạc”

1963, Xuân Quỳnh, “Ghét [Hate]”, in Chồi biếc [Green Buds]:

Since that day
They’re always together
He bows near her head
And tells her:
“If I have a girl
She will dance like you”
She smiles and follows:
“If it’s a boy, he’ll be a musician”

to dance religiously or artistically by making movements with one's body and limbs

nhảy

to dance for entertainment, usually incorporate a wider variety of body movements


thơ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩 (“poem”, SV: thi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ Đường


điêu khắc

[ʔɗiəw˧˧ xak̚˧˦]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ xak̚˦˥]


hội hoạ

[hoj˨˩˨ waː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 繪畫 (“painting”).


hoạ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畫 (“to draw”).


chuông

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
鍾 (CJK)
鐘 (CJK)

→ Khmer: ជួង (cuəng)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chuông.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鐘 (SV: chung).
Attested as chuâng in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chung</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chuông gọi hồn ai

For Whom the Bell Tolls (literally, “Whose Soul Does the Bell Call On?”)

Đeo/Treo chuông cổ mèo


cổ điển

[ko˧˩ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[kow˧˨ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古典, composed of 古 (“old”) and 典 (“canon”).

classical (literature etc; describing a style of music; in physics; art etc)


âm chủ

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音 (“tone”) and 主 (“primary”), calque of Chinese 主音 (chủ âm).


giấy sáp

[zəj˧˦ saːp̚˧˦]

[jəj˨˩˦ ʂaːp̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˨˩˦ saːp̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˦˥ ʂaːp̚˦˥]

[jəj˦˥ saːp̚˦˥]


giấy nến

[jəj˨˩˦ nen˦˧˥]

[jəj˦˥ nəːn˦˥]


khí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khí.wav

sát khí

killing chi, provoked by killing intent (sát ý)

tà khí

linh khí

yêu khí

chướng khí

(fiction) an aura (chi) that can be sensed by chi masters, usually helps them notice the presence of someone or something even without seeing that person or thing


cải lương

→ Khmer: (sense 2) កៃលឿង (kaylɨəng)

[kaːj˧˩ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˧˨ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 改良, composed of 改 (“to change”) and 良 (“good, honest”).

kind of folk musical theater originated from southern Vietnam ("reformed theatre")


nhịp điệu

[ɲip̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


láy rền

[la(ː)j˦˥ ɹəːn˨˩]


hợp âm rải

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧ zaːj˧˩]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧ ʐaːj˧˨]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧ ɹaːj˨˩˦]


hợp âm

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hợp âm.wav


bài hát

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːj˦˩ haːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːk̚˦˥]

From bài (“writing, piece of writing”) + hát (“to sing”).


dân ca

[zən˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 民歌 (“folk song”).


giao hưởng

[zaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˩]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˨]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˨˩˦]


dàn nhạc

[zaːn˨˩ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]


nhạc sĩ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂 (“music”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).

a musician, especially a songwriter or a composer


thể loại

[tʰej˨˩˦ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體類, composed of 體 (“genre, style”) and 類 (“category”).


nghệ thuật

[ŋe˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藝術, composed of 藝 (“art”) and 術 (“craft”), from Japanese 芸術 (geijutsu), from Middle Chinese 藝術 (“court arts and crafts”).

der

nghệ thuật vị nghệ thuật/nhân sinh/luân lí/xã hội/tôn giáo

art for art's/life's/morality's/society's/religion's sake


trình diễn

[t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɨn˦˩ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʈɨn˨˩ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 呈演 (“to perform”).


âm nhạc

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: nhạc (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


ca trù

[kaː˧˧ t͡ɕu˨˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˦˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩]

歌 (song) + 籌 (bamboo card). Bamboo cards were formerly sold to listeners, who would award them to their favorite singers, who then redeemed the cards for money.

ca tru, a genre of traditional singing from northern Vietnam


ca khúc

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


ngưỡng

a threshold (bottom-most part of a doorway)


diễn tấu

[ziən˦ˀ˥ təw˧˦]

[jiəŋ˧˨ təw˨˩˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ təw˦˥]


ngân hàng

[ŋən˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngân hàng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 銀行, composed of 銀 (“money”) and 行 (“store”), from Japanese 銀行 (ginkō)


正面

being a literary protagonist or hero(ine)


bê-tông

[ʔɓe˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bê-tông.wav


馬頭琴

chữ Hán form of mã đầu cầm (“morin khuur”).


huynh

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) an elder brother

period Chinese fiction; faux archaism; period Chinese fiction; faux archaism


huynh

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) I; you (refers to the male senior among the speakers)

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) you (used when speaking to a young man on equal footing)


nét

nét sổ


kiến trúc

[kiən˧˦ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 建築, from Japanese 建築 (kenchiku).


đạo diễn

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đạo diễn.wav

to direct (a play, a TV series, a movie, etc.)


đạo diễn

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

director (of a play, a TV series, a movie, etc.)


unbiuni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔun˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbibi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]


unbitri

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ tɹi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]


unbiquadi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ waː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]


unbipenti

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ pɛn˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]


unbihexi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ hɛk̚˧˦ si˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˧˧]


bộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 部, from Literary Chinese 部 (bù). 部 (bù) is used for ministries based on historical and modern Chinese models. South Korea also uses 部 (bù), while feudal Korea used 조 (jo), from Literary Chinese 曹 (cáo, “agency”). North Korea and Japan use 省 (tỉnh), which was a higher type of government agency in feudal China.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bộ.wav

bộ truyện

bộ phim


mĩ nhân ngư

[mi˦ˀ˥ ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美人魚, composed of 美 (“beautiful”) and 人魚 (“mermaid”).


mĩ thuật

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美術, composed of 美 (“beautiful”) and 術 (“art”), from Japanese 美術 (bijutsu, “fine arts”), calqued from English fine arts.

some visual arts, such as painting, drawing, sculpture, graphic design, animation, photography


nhân ngư

[ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人魚, composed of 人 (“man, person”) and 魚 (“fish”).


tiểu nhân

[tiəw˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tiw˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tiw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小人 (“villain”).

Zuo Zhuan; 2018, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

I, the low-born one, still have an elderly mother; she has tasted every kind of foods at home, yet she has never tasted delicacies belonging to you, my ruler. Now I beg you the ruler to allow the low-born me to bring these pieces of meat home to my mother.

Tiểu nhân còn mẹ già, những thứ ở nhà bà đều đã ăn qua, chỉ chưa nếm được những món ngon của quốc quân. Nay xin quốc quân cho phép tiểu nhân đem những miếng thịt này về nhà cho mẹ.

(Chinese fiction, humble) I/me, a low-born person


giáng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 降 (“to fall”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a flat

(music) Short for dấu giáng (“flat sign”).


mệnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 命; this is the Northern form. Doublet of mạng, the Southern form.

Tuân mệnh/lệnh/chỉ!

(archaic or Chinese fiction) order from the monarch


thiếp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妾 (“concubine”).

俍众妾胋陳濁

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) I/me (referring to a beloved woman)


tiên chim

[tiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕim˧˧]


nam nhân ngư

[naːm˧˧ ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 男 (“male”) and 人魚 (“mermaid”).


lời

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ). Attested as mlời in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

lời bài hát

lời 1


nàng tiên

[naːŋ˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

(mythology) a young-looking female fairy


diễn đơn

[ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]


bộ đôi

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɗoj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bộ đôi.wav


bộ ba

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓaː˧˧]


bộ tứ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ tɨ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ tɨ˦˥]


bộ năm

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ nam˧˧]


bộ sáu

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ saw˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʂaw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ saw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʂa(ː)w˦˥]


bộ bảy

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaj˧˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaj˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦]


bộ tám

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ taːm˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ taːm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ taːm˦˥]


cậu

From Proto-Vietic *guːʔ, from Old Chinese 舅 (OC *[ɡ](r)uʔ) (B-S) (SV: cữu).

(narratology) he/him, a young boy or man


tỉ

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female senior among the speakers)

(Chinese fiction) you (used when speaking to a young woman on equal footing)


quy

(Chinese mythology) the Turtle, one of the Four Benevolent Animals


nghiêng

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave right


phu nhân

[fu˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫人, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 人 (“person”), from Chinese 夫人 (fūrén).

(historical, now chiefly fiction) a mistress, the wife of a wealthy man


nghệ sĩ

[ŋe˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[ŋej˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ŋej˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

nghệ sĩ hài

(chiefly film, television) a specialist in humanities; an artist, painter, musician, actor, comic, etc.


làn điệu

[laːn˨˩ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˦˩ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˨˩ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


đàn đáy

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗa(ː)j˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“string instrument”) + đáy (“back”), perhaps because the instrument's body has an open back.

com

a Vietnamese lute with three strings, a hollow trapezoidal wooden body with an open back, and a very long neck, used in traditional Vietnamese music (particularly ca trù)


反面

chữ Hán form of phản diện (“being a literary antagonist or villain”).


quốc ca

[kuək̚˧˦ kaː˧˧]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ kaː˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國歌, composed of 國 (“country”) and 歌 (“song”)


buồng

căn (classifier)
房 (CJK)
逢 (CJK)
𢩣 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 房 (“room”, SV: phòng). Doublet of phòng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phòng</i>


phim

cuốn (classifier)
bộ (classifier)
thước (classifier)

phim truyện

cinematic live action TV series or TV movie


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

(music) fantasia (an unstructured orchestral composition)


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

2009: Lệ Chi, "Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng" [Liu Xiao Ling Tong], Thanh Niên https://web.archive.org/web/20140404032514/http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/news1/pages/200930/20090726145747.aspx
Khi có khá nhiều phim truyện và truyền hình được làm theo đề tài tác phẩm Tây du ký, Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng đã nhắc nhở: các nhà làm phim không nên bóp méo và phăng-tê-di quá hình ảnh nhân vật huyền thoại này.

With so many feature films and television shows about Journey to the West, Liu Xiao Ling Tong reminds us: filmmakers shouldn't overly distort and improvise the image of this legendary figure.

Mổi miền lại phăng ta di tên gọi khác chút đỉnh [...]

2010, “Lang thang gỏi Việt”, in Du lịch & Giải trí:

Each region tweaks the name just a bit …

(especially music) to improvise; to tweak


hoà tấu

[hwaː˦˩ təw˨˩˦]

[waː˨˩ təw˦˥]


bệnh viện

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ viən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 病院, composed of 病 (“illness”) and 院 (“institute”).


trường học

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 場學, composed of 場 (“school; venue”) and 學 (“to study”).

(formal or literary) a school (an educational institution)


pháo đài

[faːw˧˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[faːw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[faːw˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 炮臺 (“fort; battery”).


huynh đệ

[hwïŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[hwɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[wɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兄弟, composed of 兄 (“elder brother”) and 弟 (“younger brother”).

tình huynh đệ

(archaic, now literary, Chinese fiction, collective) brothers

(Chinese fiction, collective) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)


tầng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 層 (SV: tằng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tằng</i>

vi-etym-sino

tầng 1

the first floor (either (Northern Vietnam) the ground floor, or (Southern Vietnam) the floor immediately above it)

tầng trệt

tầng hầm

tầng lửng

a full-fledged mezzanine, as opposed to a gác lửng which is just a platform used in small flats


nhà hát

[ɲaː˨˩ haːt̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ haːk̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ haːk̚˦˥]


đại sứ quán

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˦ kwaːn˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ sɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʂɨ˦˥ waːŋ˦˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ sɨ˦˥ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大使館, composed of 大使 (“ambassador”) and 館 (“building”).

an embassy (organization representing a foreign state)


quỷ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鬼 (“ghost; devil; ogre”).

nghịch như quỷ

very mischievous, very naughty, like ghosts / fiends

nhất quỷ, nhì ma, thứ ba học trò

Ghosts [rank] first, fiends second, students third [in mischievousness]

(mythology) any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit; a demon, a devil, an imp, a goblin, an ogre, an orc, an oni, etc.


Thanh Long

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青龍, composed of 青 (“blue”) and 龍 (“dragon”), from Literary Chinese 青龍 (qīnglóng).


phù thuỷ

[fʊw˦˩ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[fʊw˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 符水 (“charmed water”).

mụ phù thuỷ

thầy phù thuỷ

Trường Phù thủy và Pháp sư Hogwarts
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

any mythical or folkloric creature who practices magic or witchcraft; a witch, warlock, wizard, charmer, enchanter, magician, etc.


ca sĩ

[kaː˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌士, composed of 歌 (“to sing”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


xì trum

[sɪj˦˩ ʈum˧˧]

[sɪj˨˩ ʈʊm˧˧]


xà lim

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xà lim.wav


nhà băng

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

nhà (“building”) + băng, from French banque (“bank”).

cướp nhà băng


toa-lét

[twaː˧˧ lɛt̚˧˦]

[twaː˧˧ lɛt̚˦˧˥]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-toa-lét.wav


xi-măng

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xi-măng.wav


giao long

[jaːw˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蛟龍 (“jiaolong”).

(obsolete) a legendary aquatic serpent in Vietnamese folklore.


xô-nát

bản xô-nát Ánh Trăng


pi-a-nô

[pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ no˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]


vi-ô-lông

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]


vĩ cầm

[vi˦ˀ˥ kəm˨˩]

[vɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[vɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

[jɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 尾琴, composed of 尾 (“tail”) and 琴 (“string instrument”), referring to the fact that the ribbon of the bow is traditional made from horsetail hair. In modern Vietnamese, vĩ is also the word for "bow".


ắc-coóc-đê-ông

[ʔak̚˧˦ kɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˧˥ kɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˥ kɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


phong cầm

[fɔŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風琴 (“organ”), perhaps shortened from Japanese 手風琴 (tefūkin, thủ phong cầm, “accordion”, literally “hand organ”).

der

(dated, music) Synonym of ắc-coóc-đê-ông (“accordion”)


oóc-gan

[ʔɔk̚˧˦ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˧˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


kì lân

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧]


thơ ca

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩歌 (SV: thi ca), from Chinese 詩歌 /诗歌 (shīgē). Compare Japanese 詩歌 (shiika, shika).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi ca</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ ca nhạc hoạ

poetry, singing, music and painting; the arts

(literary, literal, collective) poetry and singing


Ô-đi-xê

[ʔo˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ se˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]


I-li-át

[ʔi˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˥]


Bạch Tuyết

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ twiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白雪, composed of 白 (“white”) and 雪 (“snow”)

Nàng Bạch Tuyết và bảy chú lùn


Bạch Mã Hoàng Tử

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥ hwaːŋ˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白馬 (“white horse”) and 皇子 (“imperial prince”), from Chinese 白馬王子 /白马王子 (Bạch Mã Vương Tử).


Lọ Lem

[lɔ˧˨ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩˨ lɛm˧˧]

lọ (“soot”) + lem (“to be blurred; to be contaminated”).

af

Cô bé Lọ Lem


Khăn Đỏ

[xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ
Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ#Vietnamese

Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood#English

Short for Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ (“Little Red Riding Hood”). (the main character in this story)


Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ

[ko˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˦ kwaːŋ˨˩ xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

cô bé (“little girl”) + quàng (“to wear around the neck”) + khăn (“scarf”) + đỏ (“red”)


Thìn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 辰 (“fifth earthly branch”, SV: thần). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but Thìn's /-in/ is unlikely to be a Sino-Vietnamese rhyme, compared to the likely one /-ən/ in thần. See also Tí, Mẹo, Ngọ, Mùi.
Cognate with Northern Thai ᩈᩦ, Lü ᦉᦲ (ṡii), Isan สี, Lao ສີ (sī), which /-n/ is lost.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thần</i>


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


kết giới

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界, from Japanese 結界, introduced in Japanese manga

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, video games) energy barrier/shield, forcefield


kết giới sư

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界師, from Japanese 結界師, introduced in the Japanese manga Kekkaishi

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime) barrier master, kekkaishi


đàn hạc

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ haːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ haːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ haːk̚˨˩˨]


á thần

[ʔaː˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞神, composed of 亞 (“sub-”) and 神 (“god”). The prefix 亞 denotes secondariness or lesserness rather than the notion of a demigod as a genealogical "half-god". Japanese 亜神 (ashin, “demigod”) and Japanese 亜人 (ajin, á nhân, “demihuman”) are also found in contemporary fantasy.

Hồ sơ á thần

(neologism, mythology, fantasy) Synonym of bán thần (“a demigod”)


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 死神, composed of 死 (“death”) and 神 (“god”).

a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami


Phong Thần

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 封神, literally "to assign for godship", short for Phong Thần Diễn Nghĩa, from Chinese 封神演義 /封神演义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì)

(colloquial) any work (TV series, video games, etc.) based on the novel


Ra-ma-ya-na

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

(literature, poetry, epic poetry) Ramayana


Nô-bi-ta

[no˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nô-bi-ta.wav

(hyphenation) Uncommon spelling of Nôbita.


Sở Khanh

[səː˧˩ xajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˨ kʰɛɲ˧˧]

[səː˧˨ xɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ kʰan˧˧]

[səː˨˩˦ xan˧˧]

(literature) a character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was infamous for cheating on women, including the title character, Thuý Kiều; he is usually considered the equivalent of Don Juan


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"
Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


phim kinh dị

[fim˧˧ kïŋ˧˧ zi˧˨ʔ]

[fim˧˧ kɨn˧˧ jɪj˨˩ʔ]

[fim˧˧ kɨn˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]


gác

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 閣 (“pavillion”, SV: các).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">các</i>


gác-măng-giê

[ɣaːk̚˧˦ maŋ˧˧ ze˧˧]

[ɣaːk̚˦˧˥ maŋ˧˧ jej˧˧]

[ɣaːk̚˦˥ maŋ˧˧ jej˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-gác-măng-giê.wav


âm li

[ʔəm˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

From French amplifier with phono-semantic matching from âm (“sound”).


Hoạn thư

[hwaːn˧˨ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 宦姐 (SV: Hoạn tả), short for Chinese 宦小姐 (Hoạn tiểu tả, “Miss Huan”), originated in Qingxin Cairen's Jin Yun Qiao

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hoạn tả</i>

bor

Hoạn <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiểu tả</i>

(literature) a female character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was known for her jealousy


truyền thuyết

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰwiət̚˧˦]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]


hải đăng

[haːj˧˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海 (“sea”) and 燈 (“lamp”).


ma nữ

[maː˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔女 (“witch”), literally "magical female". The syllable ma is often associated with its non-Sino-Vietnamese meaning (which is "ghost"), hence the common misapplication of the term.
Alternatively, simply from a compound of ma (“ghost”) + nữ (“female”).

(fiction) the ghost of a dead girl or woman


lớp

head

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

vi-noun

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lớp.wav

Lớp 1, Cảnh 1


hài kịch

[haːj˨˩ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˦˩ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˨˩ kɨt̚˨˩˨]


hí kịch

[hi˧˦ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˨˩˦ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˦˥ kɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 喜劇 (“comedy”).


bi kịch

[ʔɓi˧˧ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悲劇 (“tragedy”).

vi-etym-sino

1851 December 3, Friedrich Engels, “Engels to Marx in London [Manchester]”; 2010 [1982], English translation from MECW (Marx/Engels Collected Works), “Vol. 38”; 1996, Vietnamese translation from C. Mác và. Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập (K. Marx & F. Engels Complete Works), “Vol. 27”
Thật thế, tưởng như lịch sử, trong vai trò tinh thần thế giới, được dẫn dắt bởi ông già Hê-ghen trong mộ, với thái độ vô cùng trung thực, ông già ấy buộc tất cả các sự kiện phải lặp lại hai lần: lần thứ nhât dưới dạng tấn bi kịch vĩ đại và lần thứ hai dưới dạng một trò hề thảm hại.
… and it really seems as though old Hegel, in the guise of the World Spirit, were directing history from the grave and, with the greatest conscientiousness, causing everything to be re-enacted twice over, once as grand tragedy and the second time as rotten farce, …

1851 December - 1852 March, Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, “Chapter I”; 2010 [1976], English translation from MECW, “Vol. 11”; 2004, Vietnamese translation from C. Mác và. Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập, “Vol. 8”
Hê-ghen có nhận xét ở đâu đó rằng tất cả những sự biến lớn và nhân vật lớn trong lịch sử thế giới đều có thể nói là xuất hiện hai lần. Ông ta đã quên nói thêm rằng: lần đầu như một bi kịch, lần thứ hai như một trò hề.
Hegel remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in world history occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second as farce.


nhà bếp

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓep̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓep̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓep̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhà bếp.wav


bị Tào Tháo đuổi

[ʔɓi˧˨ʔ taːw˨˩ tʰaːw˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˩]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ taːw˦˩ tʰaːw˨˩˦ ʔɗuj˧˨]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˨ taːw˨˩ tʰaːw˦˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bị Tào Tháo đuổi.wav

(figurative, humorous) to rush to the toilet due to diarrhea; to literally run because of the runs


vần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 韻 (“rhyme”, SV: vận).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vận</i>

vi-etym-sino

vần bằng

syllable with either the ngang or the huyền tone

vần trắc


hiệp vần

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ vən˨˩]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ vəŋ˦˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ vəŋ˨˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ jəŋ˨˩]

(poetry, of lines) to "rhyme", by ending in rhymes with the same trắc or bằng tones (e.g. ngang-ngang or huyền-ngang, but not ngang-sắc), and mostly the same, but sometimes permissible loosely similar, vowel-consonant sequences


lâu đài

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樓臺, composed of 樓 (“storied building”) and 臺 (“tower; platform”).


nhân mã

[ɲən˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˧˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) centaur


青梅竹馬

伴靑梅竹馬/伴青梅竹馬 (bạn thanh mai trúc mã)

the boy/girl who was one's childhood friend and with whom one's now falling in love

thanh mai trúc mã
thanh mai trúc mã#Vietnamese:_青梅竹馬

chữ Hán form of thanh mai trúc mã (“(chiefly fiction) alluding to the notion of being a childhood friend of the opposite sex to someone and growing to be in love with them or vice-versa”).


tiền truyện

[tiən˨˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˨ʔ]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʈwiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˨]

Bảo Liên Đăng tiền truyện

(literary, narratology) prequel; prelude


tục biên

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

Đại Việt sử kí tục biên

Sequel to the Historical Records of the Great Viet


tiền biên

[tiən˨˩ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

Đại Việt sử kí tiền biên

Prequel to the Historical Records of the Great Viet


huyền thoại

[hwiəŋ˦˩ tʰwaːj˨˩ʔ]

[wiəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]


Tứ Linh

[tɨ˧˦ lïŋ˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ lɨn˧˧]

[tɨ˦˥ lɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tứ Linh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四靈, 四 (“four”) and 靈 (“spirit”).

the Four Holy Beasts, including Long (“Dragon”), Lân (“Vietnamese Qilin”), Quy (“Turtle”) and Phụng/Phượng (“Male Fenghuang”)


vòi rồng

[vɔj˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[vɔj˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[vɔj˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[jɔj˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Probably a calque of Chinese 龍捲 /龙卷 (long quyển, literally “dragon roll”), equivalent to vòi (“hose; tube”) + rồng (“dragon”). Compare Japanese 竜巻 (tatsumaki).


hư cấu

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˧˦]

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˨˩˦]

[hɨ˧˧ kəw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 虛構 (“to fabricate”).

vi-etym-sino

nhân vật hư cấu


toà lãnh sự

[twaː˨˩ lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[twaː˦˩ lɛɲ˧˨ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[twaː˦˩ lɛɲ˧˨ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩ lan˨˩˦ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aː˨˩ lan˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩˨]

Synonym of lãnh sự quán (“consulate”) (an office of a government, comparable to an embassy)


nghê

Sino-Vietnamese word from 猊, contracted from Chinese 狻猊 (Toan Nghê), one of the 龍生九子 /龙生九子 (Long sinh cửu tử, “Nine sons of the dragon”).

a creature that has the traits of a dog and a lion, serves as a guardian of temples, similar to a Chinese guardian lion


nhà thờ

vi-noun

(classifier cái, căn, ngôi) nhà thờ • (茹祠)

cái (classifier)
căn (classifier)
ngôi (classifier)
茹祠 (CJK)

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰəː˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˨˩]

đóng tiền xây nhà thờ họ

to contribute to building a family's house of worship

Nhà thờ Đức Bà Pa-ri

the Notre-Dame de Paris (literally, “the Cathedral of Our Lady in Paris”)

Mộ-phần của ông (lập ở trong vường, gần ngay căn nhà tranh ông ở lúc sinh-thời) do ông Huỳnh-Thúc-Kháng đứng lên trông-nom việc xây cất. Nhờ số tiền quyên-trợ, ông Huỳnh-Thúc-Kháng còn cho làm thêm được một nhà thờ nhỏ lợp ngói để thờ ông, thay vào túp lều tranh trước kia ông dùng làm thư-phòng.

1964, Trọng-Đức, “hoài-niệm nhà chí-sĩ phan-bội-châu (1867-1940) [in memory of the intellect phan bội châu (1867-1940)]”, in VĂN-HOÁ NGUYỆT-SAN [MONTHLY CULTURE], volume 13, Bộ Quốc-gia Giáo-dục:

The construction of his tomb (in the garden, next to the thatched shack he lived in) was supervised by Huỳnh Thúc Kháng. Thanks a donation, Huỳnh Thúc Kháng also had a small tiled house of worship made for him, in place of the thatched tent he used as a study.

Hiếm có nhà thờ tổ của dòng họ nào ở Việt Nam lại có quy mô lớn như thế. Nhà thờ họ nằm ngoài cánh đồng, bề thế như một ngôi đình làng với hậu cung, đại bái, tả mạc, hữu mạc, sân tế… đủ sức chứa cho 500 người về hành hương.

2005, Lê Trung Vũ with Lê Hồng Lý, “Nghệ An”, in Nguyễn Minh Tiến, editor, Lễ hội Việt Nam [Vietnamese Festivals], Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Thông tin:

Rare are any families' ancestral houses of worship in Vietnam with such scale. The family house of worship is in the open paddy, as grand as a village shrine with a back house, a main house, a left wing, a right wing, a courtyard, etc. with a housing capacity for 500 pilgrims.

Nhà thờ họ thường là nơi giúp họ nhớ lại những đỉnh cao vinh quang của dòng họ, những tấm gương sáng của tổ tiên và đồng thời những ước vọng của mỗi còn[sic] người trong dòng họ được nguyện cầu tại đây.

(Can we date this quote?), “Nhà thờ họ thờ ai và một số lưu ý khi thiết kế nhà thờ họ [The Worshipped and Other Things to Keep in Mind When Designing a Family House of Worship]”, in Bàn Thờ Việt [Viet Altar]:

A family house of worship is where the family keep remembrances of their glory and the role models among their ancestors, as well as keep the wishes of each member who prays there.

Hiện nay ở Bạc Liêu có 15 nhà thờ, trong đó có 12 nhà thờ Công giáo, 3 nhà thờ Tin Lành. Các nhà thờ này chủ yếu do người Kinh xây dựng từ giữa thế kỷ XIX đến nay.

2010, Trương Minh Chiến, Nguyễn Quang Ân, editors, Từ điển địa chí Bạc Liêu [The Encyclopedia of Bạc Liêu], Nhà xuất bản Chính trị Quốc gia:

Currently, there are 15 churches in Bạc Liêu, including 12 Catholic and 3 Protestant ones. These churches were built mainly by the Kinh from the middle 19th century to this day.

Xin quí tôi con Chúa gần xa nhớ đến Hội Thánh Buôn Ky trong sự cầu thay, để có đủ tài chính xây dựng hoàn thành ngôi nhà thờ đúng thời gian hoạch định.

2020 July 27, H’Wy, “Hội Thánh Buôn Ky, Đăk Lăk: Ngôi Nhà Thờ Mong Ước [Buôn Ky Church, Dak Lak: A Dream Church House]”, in Hội Thánh Tin Lành Việt Nam - Tổng Liên Hội [the Evangelical Church of Vietnam - The General Assembly]:

May the children of the Lord from all walks of life come to the Buôn Ky Church in prayer, so they have enough budget to finish the church house according to plan.

house of worship
house of worship#English


văn phòng

[vaŋ˧˧ fɔŋ˦˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-văn phòng.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-văn phòng.wav

văn phòng ảo

Văn phòng được chia thành nhiều phòng khác nhau với các chức năng làm việc khác nhau.

(Can we date this quote?), “Chia sẻ cách bố trí văn phòng làm việc khoa học & nghệ thuật”, in Atalink:

The office is divided into many different rooms for different types of work.

(by extension) any space used for non-manual work


cảnh

(cinematography, television, theater) scene (so much of a play as passes without change of locality or time)

(music) A traditional Vietnamese cymbal found in chầu văn that is placed on the floor and struck with wooden beaters.


ỉa đùn

[ʔiə˧˩ ʔɗun˨˩]

[ʔiə˧˨ ʔɗun˦˩]

[ʔiə˨˩˦ ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ỉa đùn.wav


diễn viên

[jiəŋ˧˨ viəŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ viəŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ jiəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-diễn viên.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 演員, composed of 演 (“to act”) and 員 (“-er”).

vi-etym-sino

diễn viên điện ảnh

nam/nữ diễn viên

Mới hôm qua cùng bạn
Em ngồi ghế nhà trường
Hôm nay diễn viên mới
Nhớ cây bàng, cửa gương…

1963, Xuân Quỳnh, “Cô diễn viên mới [Rookie Actress]”, in Chồi biếc [Green Buds]:

As if I were with my friends just yesterday
In the good old classroom
Now I'm a rookie actress
Oh, how I miss the almond trees, the glass windows…

an actor (person who performs in a theatrical play or film)


ỉa

head

ỉa • (𦟑, 𥺿, 𱼆)

vi-verb

ỉa • (𦟑, 𥺿, 𱼆)

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛh (“to defecate; faeces”). Cognate with Muong Bi é. Compare Pacoh éh.
The Northern Middle Vietnamese yả is attested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

inh

(Northern Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, informal) to (take a) shit


thất lễ

[tʰət̚˧˦ le˦ˀ˥]

[tʰək̚˦˧˥ lej˧˨]

[tʰək̚˦˥ lej˨˩˦]

Ở nhà kiêng ngồi giữa bậc cửa, e thất lễ.

1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]:

When at home, avoid sitting on the doorstep, so as not to be impolite / discourteous.

(dated, formal, now restricted to fiction) impolite


quái thú

[kwaːj˨˩˦ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[waːj˦˥ tʰʊw˦˥]


孫悟空

Tôn Ngộ Không
Tôn Ngộ Không#Vietnamese:_孫悟空

chữ Hán form of Tôn Ngộ Không (“Sun Wukong”).


vạn

(probably obsolete in isolation) guild (association of tradespeople)


danh hoạ

[zajŋ̟˧˧ hwaː˧˨ʔ]

[jɛɲ˧˧ hwaː˨˩ʔ]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 名畫 (“famous painting”).


người tuyết

[ŋɨəj˨˩ twiət̚˧˦]

[ŋɨj˦˩ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɨj˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]


Quốc tế ca

[kuək̚˧˦ te˧˦ kaː˧˧]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ tej˨˩˦ kaː˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ tej˦˥ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國際歌, composed of 國際 (“international”) and 歌 (“song”).


nằm

Cognate with Arem anam ("to brood").
Compare Proto-Katuic *-nam (whence Pacoh panám (“to set on eggs, to brood”)) and Proto-Khmuic *gnəm (“to hatch or brood eggs”).


六藝

chữ Hán form of lục nghệ (“the Six Arts”).


đại ca

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大哥 (“eldest brother”), from Mandarin 大哥 (dàgē)


Lạc Long Quân

[laːk̚˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧ kwən˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧ kwəŋ˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧ kwəŋ˧˧]

[laːk̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧ wəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雒龍君 (“Dragon Lord of the Lạc Việt”).

Dragon Lord of the <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Lạc Việt</i>

Lạc Long Quân, a deified legendary figure, who is said to have been one of the two ancestors (the father) of the Vietnamese people (the Kinh) and husband to Âu Cơ


thiết kế

[tʰiət̚˧˦ ke˧˦]

[tʰiək̚˦˧˥ kej˨˩˦]

thiết kế vi mạch


thấu thị

[tʰəw˧˦ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəw˨˩˦ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəw˦˥ tʰɪj˨˩˨]


đệ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弟 (“younger brother”).


đệ

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the male junior among the speakers)


minh ti

Sino-Vietnamese word from 冥 (“underworld”) and 司 (“department”).

[mïŋ˧˧ ti˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

Hắn quyết chống chọi với nhà thầy, hiện đã kiện thầy ở Minh ti. Tôi thừa lúc hắn đi vắng nên lén đến đây báo cho nhà thầy biết để mà liệu kế, khỏi phải chết một cách oan uổng.

1952, Nguyễn Dữ, “Chuyện chức phán sự đền Tản Viên [The Story of the Judge at the Tản Viên Temple]”, in Ngô Văn Triện, transl., TRUYỀN-KỲ MẠN-LỤC [THE INFORMAL RECORDS OF STRANGE TALES], volume 1, quoted in NGỮ VĂN 10 NÂNG CAO, translation of 傳奇漫錄:

He's trying to take you down at all costs, and has sued you at the Underworld Department. I surreptitiously came here when he was away to warn you, so that you won't die of unjust cause.

Hơn nữa, lại có lời ghi chú là : « Trạng nguyên Mạc Đĩnh Chi chết xuống Minh ty (tức Âm ty) bảy ngày, thấy cảnh các địa ngục; sau được sống lại, làm bài phú dạy con ».

1978, Đinh Gia Khánh with Bùi Duy Tân and Mai Cao Chương, VĂN HỌC VIỆT NAM THẾ KỶ THỨ X ĐẾN NỬA ĐẦU THẾ KỶ THỨ XVII [VIETNAMESE LITERATURE FROM THE 10TH CENTURY TO THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY], Nhà xuất bản Đại học và Trung học Chuyên nghiệp:

There is also a note, “Zhuangyuan Mạc Đĩnh Chi descended to the Underworld Department seven days after he died and had a good view of the hells; when he was resurrected, he made a fu to teach his child.”

Năm giác quan dần dần dần liệt hoại, ôm căm hờn xuống tận minh ty, mối thù này muôn thuở còn ghi, lòng hận ấy nghìn năm khôn cởi.

2001, Phạm Gia Tín with Trần Hoàn and Toàn Minh, SÁNG TÁC VĂN NGHỆ Khu Tả Ngạn sông Hồng (1950-1955) [LITERARY WORKS on the Right Bank of the Red River (1950-1955)], page 60:

The five senses waste away, as one carries their resentment all the way to Hades, this hatred forever etched, that loathing shall never wear off.

Đáp xong lại kể chuyện mình đã nhận chức quan lớn dưới Minh Ty. Nghĩ đến tình giao du thân ái ngày xưa mới tìm thăm bạn.

2003, Hư Chu, NAM HẢI TRUYỀN KỲ [LEGEND OF THE SOUTHERN SEA], Nhà xuất bản Thuận Hoá:

He then told the story of how he got an important post in the Underworld Department. He only looked for his friend because he had reminisced about their earlier friendship.

(rare, fiction) Synonym of âm ti (“Yama's underworld department”)


phép

→ Tai Dam: ꪵꪠꪚ (phép)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 法 (“rule, custom, method”, SV: pháp). Doublet of Pháp. Cognate with Lao ແບບ (bǣp), Thai แบบ (bɛ̀ɛp), Khmer បែប (baep).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">pháp</i>

vi-etym-sino

phải phép

vô phép

xin phép

cấp phép

cho phép

giấy phép

nghỉ phép

trái phép

phép vua


phép

đũa phép


chưởng

phim chưởng

a wuxia show, especially one where this move is used a lot

Giáng Long Thập Bát Chưởng

(martial arts, chiefly fiction) a move performed by pushing the front of the hand, with all fingers straightened, forward


nghệ nhân

[ŋe˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ŋej˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藝人 (“craftsman, artist”).

craftsman, artisan, artist (in handicrafts)


chầu văn

[t͡ɕəw˨˩ van˧˧]

[t͡ɕəw˦˩ vaŋ˧˧]

[cəw˨˩ vaŋ˧˧]

[cəw˨˩ jaŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 朝 (“to pay homage/to perform the morning ceremony”, SV: triều) and 文 ("culture"/"literature", perhaps from a historical reading as "ceremony/ritual").

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">triều</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đạo Mẫu
Đạo Mẫu

(religion) a type of musical trance ritual associated with Đạo Mẫu (mother goddess worship)


trường cao đẳng

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ kaːw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˩]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ kaːw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˨]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ kaːw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˨˩˦]

trường (“school”) + cao đẳng (“collegiate”)

compound

junior college (institution of higher education teaching undergraduates)


trường cao học

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ kaːw˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ kaːw˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ kaːw˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

trường (“school”) + cao học (“postgraduate education”)


thuồng luồng

[tʰuəŋ˨˩ luəŋ˨˩]

[tʰuəŋ˦˩ luəŋ˦˩]

[tʰuəŋ˨˩ luəŋ˨˩]

Disyllabic non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 龍 (SV: long) (Maspero, 1912). Compare rồng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">long</i>

vi-etym-sino

(mythology) aquatic serpent-like monster.


trữ tình

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ tïŋ˨˩]

[ʈɨ˧˨ tɨn˦˩]

[ʈɨ˨˩˦ tɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 抒情, composed of 抒 (“to express”) and 情 (“emotion”).

Coordinate term: tự sự


tiên sinh

[tiən˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 先生, composed of 先 (“fore-”) and 生 (“born”).

(Chinese fiction) you, a senior or knowledgeable person


gảy

(music) to pluck (a musical instrument), to strum


phượng hoàng

[fɨəŋ˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[fɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[fɨəŋ˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鳳凰 (“fenghuang”). Compare phụng hoàng.

Hội Phượng Hoàng


mắt cá

[mak̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

From mắt (“eye”) + cá (“fish”). The adjective is a semantic loan from English fisheye (adjective).

semantic loan

(photography, film, of lenses or shots) fisheye


giếng trời

[ziəŋ˧˦ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[jiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈəːj˦˩]

[jiəŋ˦˥ ʈəːj˨˩]

From giếng (“well”) + trời (“sky”). Compare Chinese 天井 (tiānjǐng, “atrium”, literally “sky well”), Japanese 天井 (tenjō, “ceiling”).


dương cầm

Sino-Vietnamese word from 洋琴, composed of 洋 (“Western”) and 琴 (“instrument”).

vi-etym-sino

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

♂: Tiếng dương cầm lãng du môi mềm xinh xắn.
♀: Là anh như mùa đông được sưởi ấm,
Là anh như tình yêu vĩnh hằng.
♂: Sẽ không bao giờ chìm khuất, giấc mơ được có em,
Thiên đường gọi tên.
♀: Giấc mơ chúng mình cùng ước nguyện,
♀♂: Hãy yêu nhau, biển trời xanh mãi !

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

♂: The sounds of the piano wander onto your soft, pretty lips.
♀: With you, it's like I'm warmed up in winter,
With you, it's like eternal love.
♂: It's never going to sink into oblivion, a dream where I have you,
The paradise is saying your name.
♀: This dream we share,
♀♂: Let's be in love so the sea and the sky remain forever blue!


dương cầm

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kəm˨˩]


chị Hằng

[t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ haŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɪj˨˩ʔ haŋ˦˩]

[cɪj˨˩˨ haŋ˨˩]

chị (“elder sister”) + Hằng, from Chinese 姮娥 (Hằng Nga).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hằng Nga</i>

(folklore) a woman who got trapped on the Moon due to the lies of her younger brother, Cuội.


phái

Sino-Vietnamese word from 派. Doublet of phe.

Ta đã phái người đến giúp.


trường phái

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ faːj˧˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ faːj˨˩˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ faːj˦˥]

A pseudo-Sino-Vietnamese coinage from trường (“school”) + phái (“sect”)

các trường phái hội hoạ ở châu Âu

trường phái trọng tiền

trường phái toả tuyến

trường phái dã thú

school of thought
school of thought#English

(chiefly art, philosophy) a school of thought or movement; compare chủ nghĩa (“discipline; doctrine”)


hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回 (“to return; occurrence classifier; chapter classifier”).

vi-etym-sino

Đã ba hồi trôi qua rồi mà chẳng thấy có tiến triển gì cả.

Three chapters past and there's still no progress.

Hồi 1, Cảnh 1

cấu trúc 3 hồi

(narratology, especially theater) an act


nhân vật

[ɲən˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân vật.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人物, composed of 人 (“person”) and 物 (“thing”).


căng

concentration camp (usually referring to those operated under French colonial administration)


học viện

[hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[hawk͡p̚˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 學院, composed of 學 (“study”) and 院 (“institute”).

an academy (specialized school; college or university)


Tiến quân ca

[tiəŋ˦˧˥ kwəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˥ wəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 進軍歌, composed of 進軍 (“military march”) and 歌 (“song”).

Tiến quân ca, the national anthem of Vietnam


nhà chọc trời

[ɲaː˨˩ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ t͡ɕawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ cawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

nhà (“building”) + chọc (“to poke through”) + trời (“sky”), calque of English skyscraper.


cổng

head

𢩉, 𢩛, 𤗤, 𥯏, 𨶛, 𫼌

vi-noun

𢩉, 𢩛, 𤗤, 𥯏, 𨶛, 𫼌

(classifier cánh, cái) cổng • (𢩉, 𢩛, 𤗤, 𥯏, 𨶛, 𫼌)

cánh (classifier)
cái (classifier)
𢩉 (CJK)
𢩛 (CJK)
𤗤 (CJK)
𥯏 (CJK)
𨶛 (CJK)
𫼌 (CJK)


ma trơi

French: ma troi

[maː˧˧ t͡ɕəːj˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ʈəːj˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ʈəːj˧˧]


bối cảnh

[ʔɓoj˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔɓoj˨˩˦ kɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔɓoj˦˥ kan˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 背景, from Japanese 背景 (haikei).

Câu chuyện diễn ra trong bối cảnh thời hiện đại.


lãnh sự quán

[lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ sɨ˧˨ʔ kwaːn˧˦]

[lɛɲ˧˨ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[lɛɲ˧˨ sɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[lan˨˩˦ ʂɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

[lan˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 領事館, composed of 領事 (“consul”) and 館 (“building”).

vi-etym-sino

a consulate (an office of a government, comparable to an embassy)


phòng mạch

[fɔŋ˦˩ mat̚˨˩ʔ]


cường hoá

[kɨəŋ˨˩ hwaː˧˦]

[kɨəŋ˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦]

[kɨəŋ˨˩ waː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 強化 (“to strengthen”).


lớp học

[ləːp̚˧˦ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ləːp̚˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ləːp̚˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lớp học.wav


ngoáo ộp

[ŋwaːw˧˦ ʔop̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwaːw˨˩˦ ʔop̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwaːw˦˥ ʔop̚˨˩˨]


viễn tưởng

[viən˦ˀ˥ tɨəŋ˧˩]

[viəŋ˧˨ tɨəŋ˧˨]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠想, composed of 遠 (“far”) and 想 (“to think”), perhaps modeled after giả tưởng. "Far" implies the "far future", and this term is mostly about futuristic science fiction.

khoa học viễn tưởng


nhà tù

[ɲaː˨˩ tu˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʊw˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʊw˨˩]


siêu năng lực

[siəw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂiw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[siw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂiw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

[siw˧˧ naŋ˧˧ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超能力, composed of 超 (“super-”) and 能力 (“ability”).


cọ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cọ.wav


phẩy

(calligraphy) a stroke that falling leftwards (㇒)


đình

(Northern Vietnam, Central Vietnam) village shrine


tổng lãnh sự quán

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ sɨ˧˨ʔ kwaːn˧˦]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ lɛɲ˧˨ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ lɛɲ˧˨ sɨ˨˩ʔ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lan˨˩˦ ʂɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lan˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩˨ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總領事館, composed of 總領事 (“consul general”) and 館 (“headquarters”) or 總 /总 (zǒng, “general”) + 領事館 /领事馆 (lǐngshìguǎn, “consulate”).


bá phụ

[ʔɓaː˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's elder brother or elder sister's husband)


thúc phụ

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦ fu˧˨ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥ fʊw˨˩˨]

(archaic, Chinese fiction) an uncle (father's younger brother or younger sister's husband)


thăng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 升 (“to rise”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a sharp

(music) Short for dấu thăng (“sharp sign”).


phu phụ

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[fʊw˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫婦, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 婦 (“wife”), from Chinese 夫婦 /夫妇 (fūfù).

(Chinese fiction) Synonym of phu thê (“a married couple”)


tù nhân

[tu˨˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tʊw˦˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʊw˨˩ ɲəŋ˧˧]


phím

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 品 (“fret”, SV: phẩm). Doublet of phẩm.
For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also tim, kịp, kín, nhịn.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phẩm</i>

vi-etym-sino

(by extension, music, of a keyboard instrument) a key

Để gặp điện thoại viên, vui lòng bấm phím 1.

To forward to an operator, please press 1.

bàn phím

(by extension, telephony, computer hardware) a key


nhà thơ

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]


đại tiện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiện.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大便, composed of 大 (“large”) and 便 (“waste”).


tư thục

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tư thục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 私塾 (“traditional private school”).


thúc

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


phòng khám

[fawŋ͡m˦˩ kʰaːm˦˧˥]

[fɔŋ˦˩ xaːm˦˧˥]


tiểu phẩm

[tiw˨˩˦ fəm˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小品, composed of 小 (“small”) and 品 (“item”).

tiểu phẩm hài


ngày xửa ngày xưa

[ŋaj˨˩ sɨə˧˩ ŋaj˨˩ sɨə˧˧]

[ŋaj˦˩ sɨə˧˨ ŋaj˦˩ sɨə˧˧]

[ŋa(ː)j˨˩ sɨə˨˩˦ ŋa(ː)j˨˩ sɨə˧˧]

Từ láy formation of ngày xưa (“time immemorial; in ancient times; in feudal times; long ago; ye olden days; back in the day”). Compare the similar năm nảo năm nào.

once upon a time
once upon a time#English

(narratology) long ago; once upon a time


cồng

Likely from Austronesian, compare Malay gong.


phân bón

[fən˧˧ ʔɓɔn˧˦]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥]

[fəŋ˧˧ ʔɓɔŋ˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phân bón.wav

phân (“feces”) + bón (“to put fertilizer on the soil”).


thanh mai trúc mã

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ maːj˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ maː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ maː˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ maːj˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青梅竹馬 (“green plums and bamboo horse”), from Chinese 青梅竹馬 /青梅竹马 (qīngméizhúmǎ). Compare Japanese 竹馬の友 (chikuba no tomo, “childhood friend”, literally “bamboo horse friend”).

cog

bạn thanh mai trúc mã

the boy/girl who was one's childhood friend and with whom one's now falling in love

(chiefly fiction) alluding to the notion of being a childhood friend of the opposite sex to someone and growing to be in love with them or vice-versa


tiền bối

[tiən˨˩ ʔɓoj˧˦]

[tiəŋ˦˩ ʔɓoj˨˩˦]

[tiəŋ˨˩ ʔɓoj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前輩, composed of 前 (“fore-”) and 輩 (“generation”). Compare Japanese 先輩 (senpai, tiên bối).

vi-etym-sino

(fiction, especially translations from Japanese or Korean) an upperclassman; a senpai


sử thi

[sɨ˧˩ tʰi˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[sɨ˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[ʂɨ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

[sɨ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 史詩, composed of 史 (“history”) and 詩 (“poem”).


sênh tiền

[səjŋ̟˧˧ tiən˨˩]

[ʂen˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[ʂəːn˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

[səːn˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

sênh (“castanets”) + tiền (“money”), as in đồng tiền (“coins (as stringed on the sênh tiền)”).

(music) a percussion instrument used in traditional Vietnamese music, which is a combination of clapper, rasp, and jingle, made from three pieces of wood and old Chinese coins


đàn tranh

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʈɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʈan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“to play a stringed musical instrument”) and 箏 (“zither”).

small plucked zither with movable bridges, usually made with 16 or 17 strings


dinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 營 (“barracks; battalion; camp”).
Also compare the alternative Sino-Vietnamese reading doanh, used in compounds such as bản doanh, doanh trại, etc.

rước nàng về dinh

to bring her [, your newlywed wife,] to your "mansion"

Dinh Độc Lập

Independence Palace (in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)

Dinh Tổng thống

Presidential Office Building (in Taipei, Taiwan)

Sáng ngày mồng 4 tháng 9, 7 giờ 25, tôi đến dinh Chủ tịch. Đúng 7 giờ 30, một người thanh niên đến phòng khách, lễ phép nói với tôi: “Hồ Chủ tịch đang đợi anh ở phòng làm việc”. Phòng làm việc của Chủ tịch là một gian phòng rất rộng, một bên có nhiều cửa sổ lớn.

1948, Trần Dân Tiên, Những mẩu chuyện về đời hoạt động của Hồ Chủ tịch [Anecdotes from the Life and Work of President Hồ]:

On the morning of September 4, 7:25 am, I arrived at the Presidential Palace. At exactly 7:30 am, a young man came to the guest room and politely said to me: “President Hồ is waiting for you in his office”. President Hồ's office was a very large room, with many large windows on one side.


thi công

[tʰi˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thi công.wav

(construction) to construct or repair a building or infrastructure facility


thi sĩ

[tʰi˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰɪj˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詩 (“poetry”) and 士 (“scholar”).


phóng sự

[fawŋ͡m˧˦ sɨ˧˨ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʂɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fɔŋ˦˧˥ sɨ˨˩ʔ]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ ʂɨ˨˩˨]

[fawŋ͡m˦˥ sɨ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 訪 (“to visit; to interview”) and 事 (“event; occurrence”).

(journalism, literature, television, radio) an editorial


ngôn tình

[ŋon˧˧ tïŋ˨˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˦˩]

[ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨn˨˩]

truyện/tiểu thuyết ngôn tình

related to young adult romantic literature, especially works from modern Chinese writers


nhạc lí

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ li˧˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ lɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂理, composed of 樂 and 理.


hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu

vi-noun

(classifier bông) hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu

[hwaː˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩ kam˧˦ ʔɓaːj˦ˀ˥ kɨt̚˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[hwaː˧˧ ɲaːj˦˩ kam˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˧˨ kɨk̚˦˧˥ ʈəw˧˧]

[waː˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩ kam˦˥ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦ kɨk̚˦˥ ʈəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hoa nhài cắm bãi cứt trâu.wav

Perhaps from folklore. Compare Chinese 一朵鮮花插在牛糞上 /一朵鲜花插在牛粪上 (yī duǒ xiānhuā chā zài niúfèn shàng, literally “a flower stuck into a pile of cow dung”).

ncog

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual

(literal) an Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac) stuck in a pile of water buffalo shit


ông kẹ

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɛ˨˩˨]


ngày nảy ngày nay

Từ láy formation of ngày nay (“nowadays”), jocularly inspired by ngày xửa ngày xưa.

(narratology, humorous) nowadays; in this day and age


kiến trúc sư

[kiən˧˦ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sɨ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 建築師, composed of 建築 (“architecture”) and 師 (“-ist”)


đàn xếp

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ sep̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ sep̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ sep̚˦˥]


tác phẩm

[taːk̚˧˦ fəm˧˩]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ fəm˧˨]

[taːk̚˦˥ fəm˨˩˦]


ma thuật

[maː˧˧ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[maː˧˧ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[maː˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Synonym of phép thuật (“magic”) (use of supernatural rituals, forces etc.)


biến tấu

[ʔɓiən˧˦ təw˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˧˥ təw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˦˥ təw˦˥]


nội thất

[noj˧˨ʔ tʰət̚˧˦]

[noj˨˩ʔ tʰək̚˦˧˥]

[noj˨˩˨ tʰək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 內室, composed of 內 (“inside”) and 室 (“room”).

thiết kế nội thất


ngoại thất

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ tʰət̚˧˦]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ tʰək̚˦˧˥]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ tʰək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外室, composed of 外 (“outside”) and 室 (“room”).


độn thổ

[ʔɗon˧˨ʔ tʰo˧˩]

[ʔɗoŋ˨˩ʔ tʰow˧˨]

[ʔɗoŋ˨˩˨ tʰow˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遁 (“to flee”) and 土 (“earth; ground; soil”)

Hôm qua quê chết đi được! Chỉ muốn độn thổ thôi!

Yesterday, I was so mortified I just wanted to teleport under the ground!


tuồng

head

從, 傱, 㗰, 象, 像

vi-noun

從, 傱, 㗰, 象, 像

The more original meaning word was "look; appearance", which then extended to the performance art due to the performers' eye-catching costumes; hát tuồng therefore can be understood as "costume singing" or "vocal performance with costumes".

(by extension) classical Vietnamese opera (hát tuồng)


Cuội

Nguyễn Đổng Chi stated that Cuội, the man sitting under a tree in the Moon, had been a different folkloric person than Cuội, the habitually lying man or boy; yet those two eventually merged into one, a habitually lying man or boy sitting under a tree in the Moon.
According to researcher Nguyễn Hùng Vĩ:
*The Man in the Moon's name Cuội is related to Vietnamese cội (“roots”) and element cối (from Proto-Vietic *koːjʔ (“plant; vegetation”) and fossilized in cây cối);
*The folkloric habitual liar's name Cuội is a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 拐 (“to abduct; to misappropriate”, SV: quải);
** Vĩ also notes that the folkloric habitual liar's proper name once became a generic noun denoting a habitual liar, recorded as «quội» in Alexandre de Rhodes's Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum; and
** critiques many lexicographers like Pierre Pigneau de Behaine, Gustave Hue, Georges Cordier, J. F. M. Génibrel, Huỳnh Tịnh Của, and Trương Vĩnh Ký for mistakenly glossing «cuội» as "echo".
* Neither is related to cuội (“pebble”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quải</i>

vi-etym-sino

(folklore) a man sitting under a tree in the moon (inspired by a lunar pareidolia)

Nam Giao cổ kim lý hạng ca dao chú giải (《南交古金里巷歌謠註解》 "Past & Present Folk-ballads from the Hamlets and Alleyways of Jiao[zhi] in the South - Annotated "), folio 162a
侩(Cuội)𦖑(nghe)𧡊(thấy)呐(nói)儈(Cuội)唭(cười)
𪽝(Bởi)𫨩呐(hay)𠲝(nói)沛(dối)𡎢(phải)挹(ngồi)𣘃(ấp)
Hearing that, Cuội smiled.
For lying so much, he must sit hugging the tree.

(folklore) a habitually lying man or boy sitting under a tree in the moon


ba lê

[ʔɓaː˧˧ le˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ lej˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ lej˧˧]

múa ba lê


sư phụ

[sɨ˧˧ fu˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師父, composed of 師 (“master”) and 父 (“father”)

Aaaa! Sư phụ tha tội! Con biết lỗi rồi!

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male teacher


sư mẫu

[sɨ˧˧ məw˦ˀ˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ məw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師母, composed of 師 (“master”) and 母 (“mother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female teacher


sư nương

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師娘, composed of 師 (“master”) and 娘 (“lady”)


sư bá

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師伯, composed of 師 (“master”) and 伯 (“elder uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's male senpai


sư thúc

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[sɨ˧˧ tʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師叔, composed of 師 (“master”) and 叔 (“younger uncle”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's teacher's kōhai (both male and female)


sư huynh

[sɨ˧˧ hwïŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ hwɨn˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ wɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師兄, composed of 師 (“master”) and 兄 (“elder brother”)

đại sư huynh

nhị sư huynh

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male senpai


sư đệ

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師弟, composed of 師 (“master”) and 弟 (“younger brother”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's male kōhai


sư tỉ

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˧˨]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師 (“master”) and 姉 (“elder sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female senpai


sư muội

[sɨ˧˧ muəj˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

[sɨ˧˧ muj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 師妹, composed of 師 (“master”) and 妹 (“younger sister”)

(Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's female kōhai


đệ tử

[ʔɗe˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɗej˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɗej˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 弟子, composed of 弟 (“younger brother”) and 子 (“child; diminutive suffix”).

Analects VI.3; 1972, Vietnamese translation and annotations by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

Duke Ai [of Lu] asked: "Among your disciples, who likes to learn?" Confucius answered: "There was Yan Hui who liked to learn; he never shifted his anger [to someone else]; he never repeated any mistake. Unfortunately he died early; now I have none else. I have not heard of anyone else who likes to learn (as Yan Hui did)."

Ai Công hỏi: “Trong số đệ tử của thầy, ai là người ham học?” Khổng tử đáp: “Có Nhan Hồi ham học, anh ấy không giận lây, không mắc tới hai lần một lỗi; chẳng may anh ấy chết sớm; nay không còn ai nữa, tôi chưa được nghe nói có ai là người ham học”.

(archaic or Chinese fiction, especially martial arts) one's disciple


phu thê

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫妻, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 妻 (“wife”), from Chinese 夫妻 (fūqī).

Nhất bái thiên địa, nhị bái cao đường, phu thê giao bái.

Firstly you bow to heaven and earth, secondly you bow to your parents, only then can you bow to each other.


đại nhân

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大人. The suffix and pronoun are derived from the noun.

(honorific, archaic, now fiction) lord/lady; -sama; -dono


đại nhân

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ɲən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

(honorific, archaic, now fiction) you, my lord/lady


ái khanh

[ʔaːj˧˦ xajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ kʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˨˩˦ xɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˦˥ kʰan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ái khanh.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ái khanh.wav

Hoà ái khanh,...

Vua U Vương hỏi rằng: — Ái khanh không thích âm nhạc thì thích thứ gì? Bao Tự nói: — Thiếp tôi chẳng thích thứ gì cả, chỉ còn nhớ hôm xưa tay xé tấm lụa, tiếng kêu sàn sạt nghe cũng vui tai.

20th century [17th century], Feng Menglong, chapter 2, in Nguyễn Đỗ Mục, transl., Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou States:

King You asked: “What do you my darling like if not music?” Bao Si said: “I your concubine do not like anything at all; I only remember that I tore a sheet of silk with my hand yesterday and the ripping and rending sounds pleased my ears.”

(Chinese fiction, endearing, by a Chinese monarch to his favorite courtiers or consorts) "my dear courtier"; "my darling consort"; you


bần tăng

[ʔɓən˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˦˩ taŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓəŋ˨˩ taŋ˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, Buddhism, humble) "this poor monk;" I; me


Tôn Ngộ Không

[ton˧˧ ŋo˧˨ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[toŋ˧˧ ŋow˨˩ʔ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[toŋ˧˧ ŋow˨˩ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[toŋ˧˧ ŋow˨˩˨ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[toŋ˧˧ ŋow˨˩˨ xəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Tôn Ngộ Không có cái mông đít đỏ,
Trư Bát Giới có cái mỏ tham ăn.
Sun Wukong has a red ass,
Zhu Bajie has a greedy mouth.


bóc lịch

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˧˦ lïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˦˧˥ lɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓawk͡p̚˦˥ lɨt̚˨˩˨]

Compound of bóc + lịch, literally “tear pages off days calendars [as someone counts their days in prison]”.

com

tear pages off days calendars 􂀿as someone counts their days in prison􂁀


sênh

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 笙 (SV: sinh, sanh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sinh, sanh</i>


gập

From Proto-Vietic *p-kǝp; cognate with gấp.

(calligraphy) Indicates change in stroke direction, usually 90° turn, going down or going right only.


Đội ca

[ʔɗoj˧˨ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗoj˨˩ʔ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗoj˨˩˨ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 隊 (“troop; legion”) and 歌 (“song”), from Đội, perhaps modeled after Tiến quân ca.

(formal or informal) the formal role title of Cùng nha ta đi lên (literally “Together We Rise”), the anthem of Đội; informally used as a shorter alternative title


Thỏ Ngọc

[tʰɔ˧˩ ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɔ˧˨ ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɔ˨˩˦ ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

thỏ (“rabbit”) + ngọc (“jade”), calque of Chinese 玉兔 (Ngọc Thố).

the Jade Hare, Chang'e's companion on the Moon


cô nương

[ko˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

(Chinese fiction, polite) a young girl or woman


cô nương

[ko˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˧]

(polite in Chinese fiction or humorous or ironic in Southern Vietnam) you, young lady


công tử

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公子, composed of 公 (“duke”) and 子 (“child; son”), Literary Chinese 公子 (gōngzǐ).

(Chinese fiction, polite) you, young gentleman


lưỡi gà

[lɨəj˦ˀ˥ ɣaː˨˩]

[lɨj˧˨ ɣaː˦˩]

[lɨj˨˩˦ ɣaː˨˩]

lưỡi (“tongue”) + gà (“chicken”). Compare Thai ลิ้นไก่ (lín-gài, “uvula”), which is also literally "chicken's tongue".


hồng mao

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

voi chín ngà, gà chín cựa, ngựa chín hồng mao

an elephant with nine tusks, a rooster with nine spurs, a horse with nine groups of mane hair

(mythology) one of the nine groups of hair of the mane of the horse that Sơn Tinh offered the reigning Hùng king to propose to his princess


Siêu Nhân

[siəw˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[ʂiw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[siw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Siêu Nhân.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 超人, composed of 超 (“super-”) and 人 (“human”)


ca từ

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[kaː˧˧ tɨ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌詞, composed of 歌 (“song”) and 詞 (“word”).


têooc

[te˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]

[tej˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]

[tej˧˧ ʔɔk̚˧˧]


ngồi tù

[ŋoj˦˩ tʊw˦˩]

[ŋoj˨˩ tʊw˨˩]

(colloquial) to go to jail; to be imprisoned


ứng tác

[ʔɨŋ˧˦ taːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɨŋ˦˧˥ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɨŋ˦˥ taːk̚˦˥]


trinh thám

[t͡ɕïŋ˧˧ tʰaːm˧˦]

[ʈɨn˧˧ tʰaːm˦˧˥]

[ʈɨn˧˧ tʰaːm˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 偵探 (“private detective”). Compare Chinese 偵探 /侦探 (trinh thám, “detective”), Japanese 探偵 (tantei, thám trinh, “detective”), Korean 탐정 (tamjeong, “detective”).


nhạc vàng

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ vaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ vaːŋ˦˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ vaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ jaːŋ˨˩]

(music) “golden music” (a form of popular Vietnamese music from the 1950s to the 1970s)


chiêng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鉦 (SV: chinh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chinh</i>


hề

some sort of comic-relief (usually male) character in chèo who acts foolishly; a chèo fool


ngọc nữ

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ nɨ˧˨]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉女, composed of 玉 (“gem”) and 女 (“female person”), from Literary Chinese 玉女 (yùnǚ, “beautiful girl”). Doublet of Ngọc Nữ.

der

Phụ nữ mê hoặc người nhất không phải là ngọc nữ thuần khiết, cũng không phải người phụ nữ trưởng thành xinh đẹp, mà là quá trình từ ngọc nữ trở thành người phụ nữ trưởng thành trong tay anh.

2015 December 25, “Chương 36: Nụ cười nghiêng thành [Chapter 36: Earth-Shaking Smile]”, in Tuyệt sắc khuynh thành [Absolute Earth-Shaking Beauty]:

The most alluring women are neither pure maidens nor beautiful mature women, but the transition from maiden to mature in your arms.

(uncommon, Chinese fiction) a beautiful girl or woman


có hậu

[kɔ˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˦˥ həw˨˩˨]

kết thúc có hậu


nhịp độ

[ɲip̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗow˨˩˨]


đi công tác

[ʔɗi˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɪj˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đi công tác.wav

đi (“to go”) + công tác (“business trip”)


千字文

Thiên tự văn
Thiên tự văn#Vietnamese:_千字文

chữ Hán form of Thiên tự văn (“Thousand Character Classic”).


phó hiệu trưởng

[fɔ˧˦ hiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[fɔ˨˩˦ hiw˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[fɔ˦˥ hiw˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 副 (“vice-”) and 校長 (“principal”)


hiệu phó

[hiəw˧˨ʔ fɔ˧˦]

[hiw˨˩ʔ fɔ˨˩˦]

[hiw˨˩˨ fɔ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 校 (“school”) and 副 (“vice-”), equivalent to a blend of hiệu trưởng (“principal”) + -phó (“vice-”).


dịch chuyển

[zïk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕwiən˧˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]


định hình

[ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ hɨn˦˩]

[ʔɗɨn˨˩˨ hɨn˨˩]


võ lâm

[vɔ˦ˀ˥ ləm˧˧]

[vɔ˧˨ ləm˧˧]

[vɔ˨˩˦ ləm˧˧]

[jɔ˨˩˦ ləm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-võ lâm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 武林, composed of 武 (“martial arts”) and 林 (“forest”), Chinese 武林 (wǔlín).

minh chủ võ lâm

(wuxia fiction, martial arts) all martial arts circles and sects in China


tại hạ

[taːj˧˨ʔ haː˧˨ʔ]

[taːj˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ]

[taːj˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tại hạ.wav


chũm choẹ

[t͡ɕum˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕwɛ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕum˧˨ t͡ɕwɛ˨˩ʔ]

[cʊm˨˩˦ c⁽ʷ⁾ɛ˨˩˨]


kỉ hà

[kɪj˧˨ haː˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 幾何 (“geometry”), composed of two logographs for interrogative words, "how many/much" + "what".

(art, drawing, of shapes) geometric, as in rectangular, square, triangular, circular, etc.

Khi vẽ nên dùng đường kỉ hà, kể cả khi vẽ đường cong.

When you draw, you should use straight lines, even when you approximate curves.


gở

head

gở • (𪡽, 󱡶, 舉, 㪯)

vi-adj

gở • (𪡽, 󱡶, 舉, 㪯)

điềm gở


đại trượng phu

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˨ʔ fu˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ʔ fʊw˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˨ fʊw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大丈夫, composed of 大 (“great”) and 丈夫 (“he-man”).

vi-etym-sino

nam tử hán đại trượng phu

nam nhi đại trượng phu, đầu đội trời, chân đạp đất

a great man who carries the sky with his feet firm on the ground

c. 300 BCE, Mencius; 1975 Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by A. Charles Muller
Ở cái chỗ rộng rãi trong thiên hạ [...], đứng ở chỗ chính đáng trong thiên hạ [...], noi theo con đường lớn trong thiên hạ [...]; hễ đắc chí thì cùng với dân mà hành đạo, bất đắc chí thì riêng mình hành đạo; cảnh phú quí chẳng làm cho mình phóng túng, bậy bạ; cảnh bần tiện chẳng làm cho mình đổi tiết tháo; uy quyền, võ lực không khuất phục được mình, như vậy là bậc đại trượng phu.

If you dwell in the great house of the world, are established in your correct position in the world, walk the great Path of the world; if you attain your ambitions for office, and then share your goodness with the people—or, not attaining your ambitions for office and walking alone on your own Path; if wealth and honor do not dissipate you, poverty and low status do not make you move from your principles; authority and might do not distort you: Then you can be called a “great man.”

(archaic, Chinese fiction) a virtuous, ambitious, admirable man


phép thuật

[fɛp̚˧˦ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[fɛp̚˦˧˥ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[fɛp̚˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 法術 (SV: pháp thuật).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">pháp thuật</i>

vi-etym-sino

magic (use of supernatural rituals, forces etc.)


pháp sư

[faːp̚˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ sɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[faːp̚˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 法師, composed of 法 (“Buddhist law; dharma”) and 師 (“master”), from Literary Chinese 法師 (fǎshī), influenced by pháp thuật (“magic”).


nhà bè

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

hut built atop a wooden raft; floating house; houseboat


chim Lạc

[t͡ɕim˧˧ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

(mythology) a mythical bird that's generally considered the symbol of the Lạc Việt


quả nhân

[kwaː˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[kwaː˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[waː˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寡人, composed of 寡 (“lonesome”) and 人 (“person”).

late 4th century BCE, Zuozhuan; 2020, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

Prithee, serve Yuyi as he'll rule the altars and the state, then I, though dead, will have no regret.

Xin ông phụng sự Dữ Di làm chủ xã tắc, quả nhân có chết cũng chẳng hối hận gì

late 4th century BCE, Mencius; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by A.C. Muller
Như quả nhân đây có thể bảo hộ dân chúng được chăng?

“Is someone like me capable of taking care of the people?”

(Chinese fiction, humble, by an East Asian monarch) I/me


các hạ

[kaːk̚˧˦ haː˧˨ʔ]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ haː˨˩ʔ]

[kaːk̚˦˥ haː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-các hạ.wav


tĩnh vật

[tïŋ˦ˀ˥ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tɨn˧˨ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tɨn˨˩˦ vək̚˨˩˨]

[tɨn˨˩˦ jək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靜物, composed of 靜 (“still”) and 物 (“thing”).

tranh tĩnh vật

Trung tâm có lớp tĩnh vật và lớp chân dung.

We offer still life and portraiture classes.

(art, painting, drawing) a still life subject


đĩa đơn

[ʔɗiə˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

đĩa (“disc”) + đơn (“single, alone”), calque of English single.

(music) single (popular song released on its own)


Nghìn lẻ một đêm

[ŋin˨˩ lɛ˧˩ mot̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ŋin˦˩ lɛ˧˨ mok̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗem˧˧]

[ŋɨn˨˩ lɛ˨˩˦ mok̚˨˩˨ ʔɗem˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nghìn lẻ một đêm.wav

Blend of một nghìn không trăm lẻ một (“one thousand and one”) + đêm (“night”), calque of French Les Mille et Une Nuits.


trê-mô-lô

[t͡ɕe˧˧ mo˧˧ lo˧˧]

Borrowed from Italian tremolo, first-person present indicative of tremolare (“to shake, to tremble”).

(music) tremolo (rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation between two or more notes), especially alternate picking


thơ con cóc

[tʰəː˧˧ kɔn˧˧ kawk͡p̚˧˦]

[tʰəː˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧ kawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[tʰəː˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧ kawk͡p̚˦˥]

From thơ (“poetry; poem”) + con (animal classifier) + cóc (“toad”).


xe lu

[sɛ˧˧ lʊw˧˧]

[sɛ˧˧ lʊw˧˧]


đấu củng

[ʔɗəw˧˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˦ kʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[ʔɗəw˦˥ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

(architecture) dougong (a structural element consisting of interlocking wooden brackets as used in traditional Chinese architecture)


La Sát

[laː˧˧ saːt̚˧˦]

[laː˧˧ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[laː˧˧ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[laː˧˧ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[laː˧˧ saːk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-La Sát.wav


愛國歌

chữ Hán form of Ái quốc ca (“Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem”).

chữ Hán form of Ái quốc ca (“Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem”).


trường tiểu học

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ tiəw˧˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ tiw˧˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ tiw˨˩˦ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


bá tánh

[ʔɓaː˧˦ tajŋ̟˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ tɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ tan˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bá tánh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百姓, composed of 百 (“hundred”) and 姓 (“family name”), with the Southern reading of both characters.

vi-etym-sino

(Chinese fiction) the commoners; the common folk; the citizens


thi nhân

[tʰi˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɪj˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 詩人, composed of 詩 (“poetry”) and 人 (“person”).


mẫu hậu

[məw˦ˀ˥ həw˧˨ʔ]

[məw˧˨ həw˨˩ʔ]

[məw˨˩˦ həw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 母后, composed of 母 (“mother”) and 后 (“empress consort”), from Chinese 母后 (mǔhòu).

(Chinese fiction, by an empress consort's child) you, my mother the empress


nội trú

[noj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[noj˨˩ʔ ʈʊw˨˩˦]

[noj˨˩˨ ʈʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 内 (“inside”) and 住 (“to dwell”)

trường nội trú

(of a school or hospital) with lodging and hospitality for students (as in a boarding school) or patients to stay all day during a study week or until discharge


ngoại trú

[ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ ʈʊw˨˩˦]

[ŋwaːj˨˩˨ ʈʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 外 (“outside”) and 住 (“to dwell”)

(of a student's or patient's way of living) not inside a school or a hospital


bán trú

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ t͡ɕu˧˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʈʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʈʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half-”) and 住 (“to dwell”).

(of a school or some its classes) with lodging (beds to sleep in) and hospitality for students to stay during the study day (typically from 7 AM to 5 PM)


bổn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 本; this was originally the common form and later the Southern form. Doublet of vốn and bản, the Northern form.
bổn phận and bổn cũ soạn lại are the sole cases where this morpheme fully preserves its literary status in modern Vietnamese dialects, while other usages are considered "humorous" or "odd".

bổn cô nương

bổn công tử

bổn quan

bổn vương

(Chinese fiction, sometimes used ironically in real life) I/me, a respectable...

bản

originally Northern Vietnam, now widespread


tù binh

[tu˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˧˧]

[tʊw˦˩ ʔɓɨn˧˧]

[tʊw˨˩ ʔɓɨn˧˧]


mặt tiền

[mak̚˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˦˩]

[mak̚˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩]

nhà mặt tiền

a building with a facade facing a busy street, which is good for a prospective business

(architecture, real estate, of a house) a facade


bộ gõ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ɣɔ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ɣɔ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ɣɔ˨˩˦]

Nhạc cụ khá đa dạng, gồm bộ dây, bộ hơi và bộ gõ.

(Can we date this quote?), Trần Mạnh Thưởng, Nguyễn Minh Tiến, editors, Việt Nam: văn hóa và du lịch [Vietnam: culture and travel], Thông Tấn Publishing House, page 81:

The instrument is quite versatile, consisting of a string instrument, wind instrument, and percussion instrument.

percussion instrument
percussion instrument


lục bát

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lục bát.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 六 (“six”) and 八 (“eight”).

a traditional Vietnamese poetry with alternating lines of 6 and 8 syllables, whereby the last syllable of a 6-syllable line rhymes with the 6th syllable of the very next 8-syllable line, and the last syllable of an 8-syllable line rhymes with the last syllable of the very next 6-syllable line; the rhyming also has to conform to the matching of trắc or bằng tones


thơ thất ngôn tứ tuyệt

[tʰəː˧˧ tʰət̚˧˦ ŋon˧˧ tɨ˧˦ twiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəː˧˧ tʰək̚˦˧˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦ twiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəː˧˧ tʰək̚˦˥ ŋoŋ˧˧ tɨ˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thơ thất ngôn tứ tuyệt.wav

der

Chinese 七言四絕 /七言四绝

a Chinese-style quatrain with 7 syllables for each line, whereby, generally, the last syllables of all but the 3rd line rhyme; poems in Vietnamese also have to have all of their syllables follow some specific patterns of trắc and bằng tones


trường ca

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長歌, composed of 長 (“long”) and 歌 (“song”)

vi-etym-sino

(poetry) Synonym of sử thi (“epic poem”)


dạ-xoa

[zaː˧˨ʔ swaː˧˧]

[jaː˨˩ʔ swaː˧˧]

[jaː˨˩˨ s⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-dạ-xoa.wav


Cô Vy

Coined by musician Khắc Hưng in the viral music video "Ghen Cô Vy" ("Jealous of Miss Vy") as a pun on COVID and cô + Vy, a common female name. "Cô Vy" is a natural pronunciation respelling of COVID in Vietnamese, which does not allow syllables to end with /d/.

Đùng một cái, “dịch Cô Vy” (gọi nôm na từ Covid-19) xuất hiện, từ hơn nửa tháng nay, đường phố đột nhiên trống vắng.

2020 February 23, Trần Đăng, “Gồng mình qua đại dịch”, in Quảng Nam Online, Tam Kỳ, Quảng Nam, archived from the original on 2020-03-22:

All of a sudden, the "Cô Vy epidemic" (an informal term for COVID-19) appeared. Over half a month ago, the streets suddenly emptied out.

Taxi ở NYC một thời làm mưa làm gió, phải trả cả triệu đô-la cho một cái giấy phép, vừa bị khốn đốn vì Uber và Lyft, nay thêm cô Vy nầy.

2020 March 18, Nguyễn Q, “Cô Vy ở New York City”, in Việt Báo, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2020-03-21:

It was raining and pouring for taxis in NYC for a while, having to pay as much as a million dollars for a license, meanwhile being sent into poverty by Uber and Lyft, and now add this COVID to the mix.

Thế rồi tình hình đối phó với Cô Vi lây lan làm rúng động nước Mỹ.

2020 April 7, Bùi Văn Phú, “Thư từ Mỹ : Cô Vi và XHCN trên bảo dưới không nghe”, in BBC News Vietnamese, British Broadcasting Corporation:

As it happened, dealing with COVID’s spread sent reverberations across America.

Và những chuyến xe, chuyến thu hoạch đong đầy tình người này sẽ vẫn tiếp tục cho đến khi "cô vy đi xa".

2021 August 1, “Nhà thiết kế Thuận Việt và 3 tuần cắt 15 tấn rau muống chở đến khu phong tỏa [The designer Thuận Việt and 3 weeks cutting 15 tonnes of water spinach to deliver to a quarantined neighborhood]”, in Tuổi Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh City, retrieved 2021-11-17:

And these trips and harvests filled with humanity will still continue until "COVID goes far away".

(colloquial) a personification of COVID, specifically COVID-19; Miss Rona


xa-lông

[saː˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[saː˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[saː˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xa-lông.wav

French salon (“living room; saloon; salon”).


ỉa ra quần

[ʔiə˧˩ zaː˧˧ kwən˨˩]

[ʔiə˧˨ ʐaː˧˧ kwəŋ˦˩]

[ʔiə˨˩˦ ɹaː˧˧ wəŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ỉa ra quần.wav

(informal) to shit one's pants, especially because of fright


sân thượng

[sən˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[səŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[səŋ˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]


đại tiểu tiện

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tiəw˧˩ tiən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tiw˧˨ tiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tiw˨˩˦ tiəŋ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiểu tiện.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大小便, composed of 大 (“large”), 小 (“small”) and 便 (“waste”), blend of đại tiện (“to defecate”) + tiểu tiện (“to urinate”).


úm ba la xì bùa

[ʔum˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ si˨˩ ʔɓuə˨˩]

[ʔum˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ sɪj˦˩ ʔɓuə˦˩]

[ʔʊm˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ laː˧˧ sɪj˨˩ ʔɓuə˨˩]