mi

đô, rê, mi

(music) mi (third note of diatonic scale)


son

head

侖, 倫, 崙, 󱏟, 󰅬, 𣗾, 𣘈, 𪳔, 𧹪, 𪿽, 󱠟

vi-noun

侖, 倫, 崙, 󱏟, 󰅬, 𣗾, 𣘈, 𪳔, 𧹪, 𪿽, 󱠟

(classifier thỏi, cây (“lipstick”)) son • (侖, 倫, 崙, 󱏟, 󰅬, 𣗾, 𣘈, 𪳔, 𧹪, 𪿽, 󱠟)

thỏi (classifier)
侖 (CJK)
倫 (CJK)
崙 (CJK)
𣗾 (CJK)
𣘈 (CJK)
𪳔 (CJK)
𧹪 (CJK)
𪿽 (CJK)

This word had initial *k-r- in Old Vietnamese.


lam

(architecture) louvers, blinds, shutters


章

小說章回 (tiểu thuyết chương hồi)

novels that are divided into multiple chapters

chữ Hán form of chương (“(of a book, guideline or legislative document) a chapter”).


仄

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


佛

chữ Hán form of Phật (“a Buddha, an Enlightened One”).


佛

chữ Hán form of Phật (“Buddha, the Enlightened One”).


唵

án (Hán-Nôm)
úm (Hán-Nôm)
ướm (Hán-Nôm)
ngàn (Hán-Nôm)
ngạn (Hán-Nôm)


念

念經 (niệm kinh)

to recite contents from a religious text

chữ Hán form of niệm.
(religion) to recite

念神咒 (niệm thần chú)


旱

解旱 (giải hạn)

to neutralize unlucky supernatural forces that's haunting you

chữ Hán form of hạn.
(occult) a period of bad luck

chữ Hán form of hạn.
a period of bad luck


樂

Near-synonym: 音樂 (âm nhạc) (as a concept)

chữ Hán form of nhạc (“music (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)”).


game

trò chơi điện tử
trò chơi điện tử#Vietnamese

(video games) Synonym of trò chơi điện tử (“a video game”)


童

bà đồng

(occult, divination) of mediums or divination


簫

chữ Hán form of tiêu (“(music) the xiao, a vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Vietnamese music”).


行

行: Hán Việt readings: hàng (canonical)
hành (canonical)
hãng (canonical)
hạng (canonical)
hạnh 行: Nôm readings: hàng (canonical)
hăng (canonical)
ngành (canonical)


鸞

chữ Hán form of loan (“(Chinese mythology) hen-phoenix”).


thánh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖.
The informal adjectival sense "naive, credulous, gullible" and nominal sense "idiot, moron, simpleton" likely semantically develop from senses "saintly" and "saint" respectively, thus paralleling silly and crétin each in that order; see those entries for etymologies and semantic developments.

c. 11th - 7th century BCE, Classic of Poetry, free 2003 translation by Tạ Quang Phát
Họ nói ta tài cao thánh sống,
Thì quạ kia trống mái ai tường?
They said: "I am a highly talented living sage",

Yet who [among them] knows a male crow from a female?

Analects, 7.34; 1861 English translation by James Legge; 1972 translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê
Khổng tử nói: “Làm được bực thánh với nhân thì ta đâu dám. Bất quá ta học làm (thánh, nhân) mà không chán, dạy người mà không mệt, chỉ có thể gọi được như vậy mà thôi”. Công Tây Hoa thưa: “Đó chính là điều chúng con không học được.”

The Master said, "The sage and the man of perfect virtue - how dare I rank myself with them? That I strive to become such without satiety, and teach others without weariness - this much can be said of me." Gong Xi Hua said, "This is just what we, the disciples, cannot imitate you in."

16th century, Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, Ch. 3; 1982-1988 Vietnamese translation by Như Sơn, Mai Xuân Hải, & Phương Oanh; 2012 English translation by Anthony C. Yu
Ta là Tôn Ngộ Không, vị thánh trời sinh ra ở núi Hoa Quả, là láng giềng của Long vương nhà ngươi, nhà ngươi không biết à?

I am the Heaven-born sage Sun Wukong of the Flower-Fruit Mountain, a near neighbor of your old Dragon King. How is it that you don't recognize me?

Thánh Phan-xi-cô

c. 53 - 57 CE, 1 Corinthians 1:2-3; 2001 Vietnamese translation from the New Vietnamese Bible version; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Kính gửi Hội Thánh của Đức Chúa Trời tại thành phố Cô-rinh-tô, tức là những người đã được thánh hóa trong Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, cũng được gọi là các thánh, cùng với tất cả những người ở khắp mọi nơi cầu khẩn danh Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su, Chúa của họ và của chúng ta. Nguyện xin Đức Chúa Trời, Cha chúng ta và Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-su ban ân sủng và bình an cho anh chị em.

To the church of God that is in Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, together with all those who in every place call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, both their Lord and ours: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.


từ điển

bộ (classifier)
cuốn (classifier)
quyển (classifier)

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[tɨ˦˩ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


đồng

Norman & Mei (1976: 296-7) propose an Austroasiatic origin and consider it cognate to Mon ဒံၚ် (tòŋ, “to dance while under daemonic possession; to proceed by leaps”), ဒေါၚ် (tòŋ, “shaman called in to organise kəlok dances”), etc.; they even propose Austroasiatic etymology for Chinese 童 (“(dialectal) shaman”). Sagart (2008:142) counts Vietnamese đồng among "Austroasiatic terms", yet he considers the resemblance between those and Chinese 童 (“(dialectal) shaman”) to be "undoubtedly fortuitous".
Alternatively, Vietnamese đồng may also likely be a Sino-Vietnamese word from 童 (“child; servant; (dialectal) shaman”).

vi-etym-sino

ông đồng

bà đồng

thứ nhất ngồi đồng, thứ nhì chồng quan

sitting (as) a medium ranks first; having an official for a husband ranks second [among the best things for women]

𨔍(Lạ)之(gì)󰜋(một)骨(cốt)󰜋(một)同(đồng)初(xưa)󰅒(nay)

1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], Liễu Văn Ðường edition, published 1866, line 1162:

Little wonder that the witch and the medium have been working hand in glove with each other!


dung

Sino-Vietnamese word from 容 (“to tolerate; facial traits”). Also from Chinese 婦容 /妇容 (phụ dung, “wifely look”).

der

(Confucianism) beauty, one of the tứ đức (“four virtues”) that women are supposed to have


hic

Onomatopoeia, from the sobbing sound. Compare hức (“sob; hic”).

(comics, Internet slang) dang; darn; aw man; man


đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây, cái) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot


AQ

[ʔaː˧˧ kwi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ kwɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ wɪj˧˧]

Phép thắng lợi tinh thần là tạo ra những thắng lợi trong tưởng tượng mà thực chất là thất bại. Người khác đánh AQ, AQ bị thua, AQ cho rằng nó đánh mình chẳng khác gì nó đánh bố nó.

2019, Đinh Thị Quỳnh Mai, “Mỗi tuần một cuốn sách: AQ CHÍNH TRUYỆN (LỖ TẤN) (A Book Every Week: The True Story of Ah Q by Lu Xun)”, in Department of Education and Training of Hà Tĩnh Province - hatinh.edu.vn:

The Method of Psychological Victory is the creation of victories in one's own imagination from defeats in reality. Another man beat Ah Q, Ah Q was defeated; yet Ah Q thought that him beating (Ah Q) was not different from him beating his own father.

Ah Q; the main character in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q


comment

[kɔm˧˧ mɛn˧˧]

[kɔm˨˩ mɛn˧˧]

[kɔm˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˦˩ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˨˩ mɛŋ˧˧]


comment

[kɔm˧˧ mɛn˧˧]

[kɔm˨˩ mɛn˧˧]

[kɔm˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˦˩ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

[kɔm˨˩ mɛŋ˧˧]


tang

Trống thủng còn tang.

The drum was busted, leaving only the shell.


vô tuyến truyền hình

[vo˧˧ twiən˧˦ t͡ɕwiən˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[vow˧˧ twiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈwiəŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[vow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

[jow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥ ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vô tuyến truyền hình.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無線傳形, composed of 無線 (“wireless”) and 傳形 (“television”).


nhạc

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: âm nhạc (as a concept)

music (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


Simon

[ʂɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ mɔŋ˧˧]

From Latin Simon. Cognate with English Simon.


比丘

chữ Hán form of tỉ khâu (“(Buddhism) bhikkhu”).


Ta

“Này các đệ tử, là bậc đạo sư, những gì Ta làm là vì từ mẫn, mưu cầu hạnh phúc cho các đệ tử. Này các đệ tử, đây là gốc cây, đây nơi an tĩnh, hãy thực tập thiền, chớ có phóng dật, để không nuối tiếc. Đây lời Ta dạy, hãy gắng thực hành”.

2014, Thích Nhật Từ, “Kinh tiểu sử Đức Phật [A Biography of the Buddha]”, in Kinh Phật cho người tại gia [A Scriptural Collection for Non-committal Buddhists]:

“My disciples, whatever I do as a teacher is for your own good and happiness. My disciples, at the foot of this tree, you shall be meditating, not idling, so you will not have regrets. Heed My words and practice.”

(Buddhism) Alternative letter-case form of ta; I/me, the Buddha


Victor

[vïk̟̚˧˦ tɔ˧˧]

[vɨt̚˦˧˥ tɔ˧˧]

[vɨt̚˦˥ tɔ˧˧]

[jɨt̚˦˥ tɔ˧˧]

From Latin Victor. Cognate with English Victor.


vai

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vai.wav

Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗĕai, ꞗai in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 多埋 (MC ta meaj) (modern SV: đa mai).
Compare Proto-Katuic *ʔapaal (“shoulder”) (whence Pacoh apal).
Some North Central dialects have the form ban with unlenited ‹b› (vs. standard form with lenited ‹v›) and ‹-n› reflex of earlier *-l.

vai chính

vai phụ

(television, film, theater) a role; a part


cha

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cha.wav

(dated or literary or Catholicism) a father


vía

Unknown. Compare Proto-Vietic *r-vaːjʔ (“soul; spirit”) (> Muong wãi), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rwaaj (“tiger > soul; spirit”).

cog

(folklore, religion) po (the soul which does not leave the body after death)

đeo vía

đốt vía

(folklore, religion) an object made of paper that is worn on the body or burned to avoid disasters and illnesses


bón

From a Tai language. Compare Thai ป้อน (bpɔ̂ɔn), Saek puːn⁶.

to put (manure or fertilizer) on the soil


音樂

Near-synonym: 樂 (nhạc) (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)

chữ Hán form of âm nhạc (“music (as a concept)”).


tự điển

[tɨ˧˨ʔ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[tɨ˨˩ʔ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[tɨ˨˩˨ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 字典 (“Han character dictionary”).

vi-etym-sino

(chiefly Sinology) a Han character dictionary


mác

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây) mác • (𢨃, 鏌, 鉳, 博)

cái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𢨃 (CJK)
鏌 (CJK)
鉳 (CJK)
博 (CJK)

Attested as mlác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(calligraphy) kind of stroke that falls downwards towards the right (㇏)


三字經

chữ Hán form of Tam tự kinh (“Three Character Classic”).


bà

Sino-Vietnamese word from 婆 (“grandmother”). In Chinese and Japanese, the same character actually corresponds to 爺 /爷 (yé, “grandfather”), as opposed to 翁 (“old man”) which yields Vietnamese ông.

vi-etym-sino

(narratology) she/her, an admirable/lovable old/deceased woman


bái

bái trời

(chiefly religion) to bow during an act of worship as sign of respect or to show sincerity


báo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 報 (“to report; to tell”).


無常

(Buddhism) chữ Hán form of vô thường (“impermanence”).


ám

bị ma ám


阿羅漢

chữ Hán form of A-la-hán (“(Buddhism) arhat (one who has attained enlightenment; a Buddhist saint)”).


móc

cái (classifier)
木 (CJK)
鈢 (CJK)
𠣛 (CJK)
𢪮 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːk, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɓɔkˀ ~ *ɓuəkˀ (“to hook”). Cognate with Muong Bi bóc and Khmer ថ្ពក់ (thpŭək, “to hook”).

inh

*ɓɔkˀ ~ *ɓuəkˀ


電影

chữ Hán form of điện ảnh (“(film) cinema (the film and movie industry; the art of making films and movies)”).


大丈夫

đại trượng phu
đại trượng phu#Vietnamese:_大丈夫

chữ Hán form of đại trượng phu (“(archaic, Chinese fiction) a virtuous, ambitious, admirable man”).


hè

Đem xe vào nhà chứ đừng để ngoài hè.

Bring the bike inside, don't leave it outside on the porch.


chàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郎 (“young person”, SV: lang). The same development of the initial can also be seen with chạp and possibly also chuồng (if the latter were indeed an early Chinese loan according to Alves, 2018).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lang</i>

vi-etym-sino

chàng hoàng tử

chuyện chàng Hậu Nghệ bắn hạ Mặt Trời

the tale of Hou Yi, the man who shot down the Suns

(humorous) anh chàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult man


chàng

俍众妾胋陳濁

c. 1800, Hồ Xuân Hương, Đánh cờ [A Game of Xiangqi]:

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) you (referring to beloved man)

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that admirable or lovable young man


chú

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that young fellow

(narratology, literary, endearing) he/him, that anthropomorphic male animal

(narratology, literary, endearing) Short for chú bé (“he/him, that little boy”).


dòng

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-dòng.wav


kèn

Borrowed from Tai; compare Thai แคน (kɛɛn) and Lao ແຄນ (khǣn). Compare also khèn.


lí

lí cây đa


nàng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 娘 (“lady”, SV: nương). Compare Thai นาง (naang). Doublet of nường.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nương</i>

vi-etym-sino

nàng tiên cá

(humorous) cô nàng

(chiefly fiction, endearing) an admirable/lovable young/young adult woman


trường

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-trường.wav

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-trường.wav

trường tiểu học/trung học cơ sở/trung học phổ thông/đại học

an elementary school/junior high/senior high/university

đến trường

to physically come to a school, not necessarily to study; (literary) to go to school

nhà trường

Mày đến trường làm gì ?
Học chứ gì ?
Why did you come to the school?
Why else, other than to go to school?

a school (an institution dedicated to teaching and learning)


餓鬼

chữ Hán form of ngạ quỷ (“(Buddhism) preta”).


nó

Probably originally a variant of nọ (“that yonder”).
For semantic relationship, compare French il, Spanish él (and other reflexes of Latin ille), Macedonian тој (toj), Japanese 彼 (kare), Turkish o.

(literary, fiction, narratology, disrespectful or familiar) he; him; she; her (used by the author when talking about a young person (especially the protagonist) or a non-human animal)


ununenni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbinili

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ni˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧]


cây

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cây.wav

From Proto-Vietic *gəl ~ *kəl. Cognate with Central Vietnamese cân, Muong câl, cấl, Kha Phong kɨl². Related to cấy.
Various words with similar shape that have the meaning of "to fell trees" occur in many Austroasiatic branches, including Semai kòl, Temiar kel, Proto-Bahnaric *kal (whence Koho köl) and Proto-Katuic *kəl (whence Pacoh câl); all could be contributed to *kuəl ~ *kəl (“to cut down, fell”), which might be related to the root above. Alternatively, compare Proto-Khmuic *tŋkəl (“stump”) (whence Khmu [Cuang] tŋkɨl), Khmer គល់ (kŭəl), Mon ဓဂဵု.

(music) Indicates string instruments and some other types of musical instruments


Catarina

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧ ɹin˧˧ naː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧ zin˧˧ naː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧ ɹin˧˧ naː˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ taː˧˧ ɹɨn˧˧ naː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Catarina.wav

From Portuguese Catarina. Cognate with English Catherine.


vú

head

vú • (乳, 布, 咘, 𦜘)

vi-noun

vú • (乳, 布, 咘, 𦜘)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vú.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-buːʔ (the prefixed deriviate of Proto-Vietic *buːʔ ~ ʔuːʔ (“to suck at breast”)), from Proto-Austroasiatic *ɓuːˀ (“to suck, to suckle”). Cognate with Muong Bi pủ (“breast”). Doublet of bú.
Attested as ꞗú in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

inh

*buːʔ ~ ʔuːʔ

vú đỡ đầu


閣下

chữ Hán form of các hạ (“(Chinese fiction, honorific) you”).


nhật kí

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ ki˧˦]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ kɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ kɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 日記 (literally "daily inscription").


四海

(Chinese mythology) the four major seas where the four Dragon Kings reign


nhịp

head

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

vi-noun

喋, 擛, 葉, 𠿚, 𣜿

nhịp tim


tiêu

(music) a vertical bamboo flute used in traditional Vietnamese music


rể

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 婿 (SV: tế).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tế</i>

em rể

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)

gửi rể

to live with one's wife's family after marriage

Short for chú rể (“groom; bridegroom”) (man about to be married).


linh mục

[lïŋ˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[lɨn˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[lɨn˧˧ mʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-linh mục.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靈牧, composed of 靈 (“spirit”) and 牧 (“shepherd”), coined in Vietnam.


hiệu sách

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʂat̚˦˥]


tiểu thuyết

[tiw˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

tiểu thuyết (trường thiên) / (trường thiên) tiểu thuyết

tiểu thuyết đoản thiên / đoản thiên tiểu thuyết


vè

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 話 (SV: thoại).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thoại</i>

vi-etym-sino

(poetry) a rhyming poetic and song form, most typical of northern Vietnam


trống

head

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

vi-noun

𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚

(classifier cái, chiếc) trống • (𤿰, 𫪹, 𪔠, 弄, 𲎚)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𤿰 (CJK)
𫪹 (CJK)
𪔠 (CJK)
弄 (CJK)
𲎚 (CJK)

Borrowed from Tai. Compare Thai กลอง (glɔɔng) and Lao ກອງ (kǭng).

[t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦]


kèn fagôt

[kɛn˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣot̚˧˦]

[kɛŋ˦˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˧˥]

[kɛŋ˨˩ faː˧˧ ɣok̚˦˥]

From kèn (“double-reed instrument”) + a component fagôt borrowed from a European language (compare Italian fagotto (“bassoon”)).


kèn ôboa

[kɛn˨˩ ʔo˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˦˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]

[kɛŋ˨˩ ʔow˧˧ ʔɓwaː˧˧]


vi-ô-lông-xen

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]


sáo nhỏ

[saːw˧˦ ɲɔ˧˩]

[ʂaːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[saːw˨˩˦ ɲɔ˧˨]

[ʂaːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]

[saːw˦˥ ɲɔ˨˩˦]


sáo

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哨 (SV: tiêu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiêu</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sáu.wav


月琴

chữ Hán form of nguyệt cầm (“moon lute”).


đàn nguyệt

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ŋwiək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“classifier used for stringed instruments”) and 月 (“moon”).

moon lute, a traditional Vietnamese plucked, fretted lute with a round body and two strings


đàn gáo

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɣaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɣaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɣaːw˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“musical instrument”) + gáo (“dipper”).

compound

a traditional Vietnamese bowed string instrument with two strings and a coconut shell resonator


đàn bầu

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓəw˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 彈匏 (SV: đàn bào).
Compound of đàn (“a classifier designating string instruments”) + bầu (“gourd; the instrument formerly had a resonator made from a dried gourd”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đàn bào</i>


đàn nhị

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ɲi˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ɲɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ɲɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“musical instrument”) and 二 (“two, in reference to the two strings”).

vi-etym-sino

a vertical bowed string instrument with two strings, used in the traditional and classical music of Vietnam


nhã nhạc

[ɲaː˦ˀ˥ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaː˧˨ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaː˨˩˦ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雅樂, composed of 雅 (“elegant”) and 樂 (“music”), from Middle Chinese 雅樂 (ŋˠa^X ŋˠʌk̚).

nhã nhạc cung đình Huế

(music) the ancient court ritual music of Vietnam, of Chinese origin


Quan Âm

[kwaːn˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ ʔəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 觀音, composed of 觀 (“to view”) and 音 (“sound”), from Literary Chinese 觀音 (Guānyīn, literally “to look at the sound”), calqued from Sanskrit अवलोकितस्वर (avalokitasvara, literally “Who Looks at the Sound”).

der

Quan Âm Bồ Tát
Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva; Guan Yin the Bodhisattva

Phật Bà Quan Âm

TAM GIÁO:
Kế cận quả Càn Khôn, thờ Đức THÍCH CA.
Tả có Đức KHỔNG PHU TỬ.
Hữu có Đức LÃO TỬ.
Đó là thờ ba vị giáo chủ Thích, Đạo, Nho.
Đức LÝ THÁI BẠCH là Nhứt Trấn Oai Nghiêm.
Đức QUAN ÂM là Nhị Trấn Oai Nghiêm.
Đức QUAN THÁNH ĐẾ QUÂN là Tam Trấn Oai Nghiêm.
Ba vị Đại diện của Tam Giáo trong Cơ Phổ Độ kỳ ba.

1970, “Hình thức Đại Đạo [The Formalities of the Great Way]”, in Giáo lý [The Doctrine], The Tây Ninh Holy See:

The THREE RELIGIONS:
Next to the Cosmic Sphere, we worship SHAKYAMUNI.
To its right, CONFUCIUS.
To its left, LAOZI.
Those are the three Shakya, Daoist and Ruist pontiffs.
LI TAIBAI is the First Majesty
AVALOKITESHVARA is the Second Majesty.
The GUAN HOLY IMPERIAL GENERAL is the Third Majesty.
These three represent the three religions in the third wave of Salvation.

either Avalokiteśvara (usually depicted as a male) or Guanyin (always depicted as a female)


sách

Sino-Vietnamese word from 冊. Cognate with Muong khách.


上座部佛教

Thượng tọa bộ Phật giáo#Vietnamese:_上座部佛教

chữ Hán form of Thượng tọa bộ Phật giáo (“(Buddhism) Theravada Buddhism”).


上座部

Thượng Tọa Bộ
Thượng Tọa Bộ#Vietnamese:_上座部

chữ Hán form of Thượng Tọa Bộ (“(Buddhism) Theravada”).


hát ru

[haːk̚˦˧˥ ʐʊw˧˧]

[haːk̚˦˥ ɹʊw˧˧]


chiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氈 (“felt (textile material)”). Semantically parallel to cừu (“sheep”) from 裘 (“fur coat”).


trâu

From Proto-Vietic *c-luː. Cognate with North Central Vietnamese tru, Muong tlu, Old Mon jlow (“ox, bull, cattle”) (whence Mon ဂၠဴ, Nyah Kur chǝlòw), Mang løː⁶ and Phong-Kniang jlǝːw.
Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese tlâu in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). The modern North Central forms are not reflexes of this form, but descended from an unattested non-Northern Middle Vietnamese form.
Khmer ឆ្លូវ (chləw, “Year of the Ox”) was borrowed from a Vietic variety, and thus is not an inherited cognate of the terms listed above.

Con boss game này trâu quá.

This game's boss is super tough (to beat).

(slang, video games) enduring; tough; hard


cửa

vi-noun

(classifier cánh, cái) cửa • (𨷯, 㪯, 擧, 𨴦, 𨵣, 𨷶, 𪭚, 𫔤, 𫔳, 𫔸, 𬮌, 𬮷, 󰗽, 󰘂, 󰘅, 󰘇)

cánh (classifier)
cái (classifier)
𨷯 (CJK)
㪯 (CJK)
擧 (CJK)
𨴦 (CJK)
𨵣 (CJK)
𨷶 (CJK)
𪭚 (CJK)
𫔤 (CJK)
𫔳 (CJK)
𫔸 (CJK)
𬮌 (CJK)
𬮷 (CJK)

From a Sino-Tibetan language. Compare Phuza ʑɛ³¹ ka³¹ ("door"), Nuosu ꀃꈈ (ip ko, “door”), Naxi ku (“door”). Cognate with Muong cứa.
Related to Chinese 戶 (OC *m-qˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: hộ) through the Sino-Tibetan root, but unlikely to be derived from it since correspondences are irregular. Doublet of hộ and họ.

cửa chính

cửa sổ


nàng thơ

[naːŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]


truyền hình

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傳形, composed of 傳 (“to transmit”) and 形 (“image”), coined in Vietnam.


truyền hình

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ hɨn˦˩]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ hɨn˨˩]

to transmit moving images, usually simultaneously with sound


rồng

head

滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵

vi-noun

滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵

(classifier con) rồng • (滝, 瀧, 蠪, 蠬, 𧍰, 𧏵)

con (classifier)
滝 (CJK)
瀧 (CJK)
蠪 (CJK)
蠬 (CJK)
𧍰 (CJK)
𧏵 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ, from Old Chinese 龍 (OC *[mə]-roŋ) (B-S) (SV: long). Compare also Khmer រោង (roong, “Year of the Dragon”).
Attested as ròu᷃ in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).


đại đức

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大德 (“great ethics/morality/virtue”).

vi-etym-sino

venerable (used, often capitalized, as an honorific before the names of Buddhist monks)


công xéc tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


công-xéc-tô

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˧˦ to˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˧˥ tow˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɛk̚˦˥ tow˧˧]


ông

→ Khmer: អុង (ʼong)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 翁 (“old man”). In Japanese, the same character corresponds to 嫗 (“old woman”). The character for bà (which corresponds to ông in Vietnamese), 婆 (pó, “grandmother”), actually corresponds to 爺 /爷 (yé, “grandfather”) in Chinese and Japanese.

(narratology) he/him, an admirable/lovable old or deceased man


cuốn

From Old Chinese 卷 (OC *[k](r)o[n]ʔ) (B-S) (SV: quyển).
Compare cuộn.

cuốn/quyển vở


chữ

head

𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘

vi-noun

𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘

(classifier con) chữ • (𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘)

con (classifier)
𡨸 (CJK)
𫿰 (CJK)
𡦂 (CJK)
𡨹 (CJK)
字 (CJK)
宁 (CJK)
楮 (CJK)
𫳘 (CJK)

→ Sedang: chu

→ Tai Dam: ꪎꪳ (possibly)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 字 (“letter, character, word”, SV: tự). Cognate with Muong chữ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tự</i>

vi-etym-sino

sách có chữ rằng

chữ nghĩa

knowledge ← word and its meaning (literal) → writing, script


Giê-su

Partial orthographic borrowing from Italian Gesù or French Jésus. The purely phonetic transcription, Giê-xu, is used in Protestant translations.

obor

(Đức) Giê-su Ki-tô

Đây là gia phả Đức Giê-su Ki-tô, con cháu vua Đa-vít, con cháu tổ phụ Áp-ra-ham:

(Can we date this quote?), “Tin Mừng theo Thánh Mát-thêu 1 [The Gospel According to Saint Matthew 1]”, in Kinh Thánh [The Holy Bible]:

This is the genealogy of Jesus Christ, a descendant of King David and the patriarch Abraham:

Tôi đau lòng tột cùng và điên tiết khi chứng kiến cảnh vợ con mỗi lần ăn cơm phải làm dấu thánh giá cám ơn Chúa, trong khi có được những bữa ăn ngon là do vợ chồng tôi vất vã lao động mới có được; chứng kiến Chủ nhật hàng tuần vợ con phải ngoan ngoãn đi nhà thờ ca ngợi, mang ơn Chúa Giêsu, một tên tội phạm bị xử tử đóng đinh trên cây thập giá gần 2000 năm nay; chứng kiến cảnh ông bà già vợ suốt ngày lẫm bẩm đọc kinh những câu phi nghĩa: “Kính mừng Maria đầy ơn phước, đức Chúa Trời ở cùng bà, bà có phước lạ hơn mọi người nữ và Giêsu con lòng…”, “Lạy Cha chúng con ở trên trời, chúng con nguyện danh Cha cả sáng, xin Cha cho chúng con lương thực, hàng ngày…”.

2015 January 9, Trần Khai Sáng, “Tại Sao Tôi Khinh Tởm Đạo Chúa [Why I Detest Catholicism]”, in Sách hiếm [Rare Books]:

It pained and infuriated me to no end watching my wife and child cross themselves and thank God at mealtime, even though the good meals were earned by us working our asses off; watching them mindlessly go to church every Sunday, praise and be grateful to Jesus Christ, a criminal who was executed by crucifixion 2000 years ago; watching my parents-in-law mumble nonsensical prayers like “Blessed be the gracious Mary and the Heavenly Lord with her, for she gained more miraculous blessings than any woman and Jesus as her only son…,” or “Dear our Father in heaven, we pray in Your glorious name, so You grant us food every day…”

(biblical, Catholicism, Jehovah's Witnesses) Jesus


黃帝

chữ Hán form of Hoàng Đế (“(Chinese mythology) the Yellow Emperor (legendary Chinese sovereign)”).


鴻毛

(mythology) one of the nine groups of hair of the mane of the horse that Sơn Tinh offered the reigning Hùng king to propose to his princess


Quan Thế Âm

[kwaːn˧˧ tʰe˧˦ ʔəm˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦ ʔəm˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ tʰej˦˥ ʔəm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 觀世音, composed of 觀 (“to view”), 世 (“world”) and 音 (“sound”), from Literary Chinese 觀世音 (Guānshìyīn, literally “to look at the sounds of the world”), from Sanskrit अवलोकितस्वर (avalokitasvara).

der

Nam mô đại từ đại bi cứu khổ cứu nạn Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát
Namo Avalokiteshvara, the Most Merciful and Compassionate Savior

Trong kinh, đức Phật gọi Quan Âm là “thiện nam tử”. Nhưng chúng ta thường thấy hình ảnh Ngài là một vị nữ nhân mặc áo trắng. Không ít người vẫn đang thắc mắc: Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát là nam hay nữ? Đức Phật nói rằng Quan Thế Âm cứu khổ chúng sinh bằng cách hóa thân thành 32 tướng khác nhau để tùy ứng với hoàn cảnh.

2020 June 1, Châu Thanh Thùy, “Vẻ đẹp của Quán Thế Âm Bồ Tát [Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva’s Beauty]”, in Phật giáo - Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam [Buddhism - The Vietnam Buddhist Sangha]:

In Scripture, the Buddha refers to Avalokiteshvara as a “good man.” But we often see Them depicted as a woman in white. Many are still asking: is Avalokiteshvara a man or a woman? The Buddha said Avalokiteshvara carried out salvation by manifesting as 32 distinct forms according to the given circumstances.

Synonym of Quan Âm (“Avalokiteshvara; Guanyin”)


觀世音

chữ Hán form of Quán Thế Âm (“(Buddhism) Guanyin”).


大乘佛教

Đại thừa Phật giáo
Đại thừa Phật giáo#Vietnamese:_大乘佛教

chữ Hán form of Đại thừa Phật giáo (“(Buddhism) Mahayana Buddhism”).


大乘

chữ Hán form of Đại thừa (“(Buddhism) Mahayana; the great vehicle”).


bút

cây (classifier)
cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)

Tai Dam: ꪚꪴꪒ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 筆 (“writing brush, pen”). Doublet of viết (“to write”).

vi-etym-sino

Ông là một trong những cây bút gạo cội của văn học Việt.

He was one of the seasoned penmen of Vietnamese literature.

(figurative, writing, journalism) someone who writes for a living, such as a professional writer, editorialist or journalist


tam âm la

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ ʔəm˧˧ laː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三 (“three”), 音 (“sound”) and 鑼 (“gong”).

a traditional Vietnamese musical instrument consisting of three small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese yunluo and used in nhã nhạc


TGP

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ zaːw˧˦ fən˧˨ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ jaːw˨˩˦ fəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ jaːw˦˥ fəŋ˨˩˨]

tổng giáo phận
tổng giáo phận#Vietnamese

(Roman Catholicism) Initialism of tổng giáo phận.


giáo xứ

[zaːw˧˦ sɨ˧˦]

[jaːw˨˩˦ sɨ˨˩˦]

[jaːw˦˥ sɨ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教 (“religion”) and 處 (“place”).

(Christianity) parish (part of a diocese)


đàn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“to play (a musical instrument)”).

a number of musical instruments (properly a string instrument, though used for a few non-string instruments)


cứt

From Proto-Vietic *kəc ~ *kɨc (“faeces”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *ʔicʔ (“excrement; faeces”). Cognate with Muong Bi kếch (“rusty”), Arem kʉc, Khmer អាចម៍ (ʼac).
This is one of three known cases of velar initial in Vietnamese corresponding to zero-initial in other Austroasiatic branches. The other two cases are củi (“firewood”) and the dialectal cảy (“swollen”).

inh

cục cứt

đống cứt

Coi chừng giậm cứt chó đó nghen.

(informal) shit (solid excretory product evacuated from the bowel)


huyền

đen huyền

tóc huyền

(thanh) huyền

(dấu) huyền

the grave accent for representing the huyền tone


ghi-ta

[ɣi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[ɣɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

ghi-ta điện


ngục

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

(chiefly in historical contexts, otherwise literary) prison


máu

head

泖, 𧖱, 𧖰, 卯, 毛

vi-noun

泖, 𧖱, 𧖰, 卯, 毛

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-máu.wav

From Proto-Vietic *t-muːʔ (“sap”).
For the semantic development, compare Albanian gjak, Javanese getih, Tagalog dugô, all mean "blood". See also máu mủ.


YouTube

[jʊw˧˧ tup̚˦˧˥]

[jʊw˧˧ tʊp̚˦˥]


kim tự tháp

[kim˧˧ tɨ˧˨ʔ tʰaːp̚˧˦]

[kim˧˧ tɨ˨˩ʔ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥]

[kim˧˧ tɨ˨˩˨ tʰaːp̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kim tự tháp.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金字塔, composed of 金字 (“the Chinese character 金 (jīn, “gold”)”) and 塔 (“tower”).

vi-etym-sino

the Chinese character <i class="Hani mention" lang="zh">金</i> (jīn, “gold”)


nhân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhân.wav


nhà thương

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ tʰɨəŋ˧˧]

nhà thương điên

(now humorous, dated in serious usage) hospital


ma cà rồng

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[maː˧˧ kaː˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]

ma (“ghost, demon”) + cà rồng, from Tai Dam kurung or gurung. Attested in the Kiến văn tiểu lục (Lê Quý Đôn), the Thoái thực ký văn (Trương Quốc Dụng) and the Hưng Hóa kỷ lược (Phạm Thận Duật) in chữ Nôm as Cà-Rồng-quỷ (茄蠬鬼), Kì-Lằng-quỷ (奇䗀鬼), Càn-Sùng-quỷ (乾崇鬼).

(folklore, mythology) blood-sucking evil spirit in ethnic minority's folklores

Abraham Lincoln, thợ săn ma cà rồng


hồn

hồn vía/phách

Má tôi bứt ba phải xa sông, nhưng chính bà cũng biết, những dòng nhớ vẫn tiếp tục chảy mãi trong hồn ông.

2005, Nguyễn Ngọc Tư, “Dòng nhớ”, in Cánh đồng bất tận, Tre Publishing House:

My mother pulled him away from the rivier, but she herself also knew that yearning still ran through his soul.

(folklore, religion) hun (the soul which leaves the body after death)


cong

From Proto-Austroasiatic *koŋ (“to bend”). Cognate with Khmer កោង (kaong, “curved, be bent”) and Mon ကိုၚ် (“be bent”). See also Thai โค้ง (kóong), Chinese 弓 (cung).

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave left


tháp

Thác Tháp Lí Thiên Vương

(feudal Chinese-style architecture, especially Buddhism) a pagoda

tháp Chăm/Chàm


miếu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廟. Doublet of miễu.


đền

head

đền • (填, 搷)

vi-verb

đền • (填, 搷)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 填 (SV: điền).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">điền</i>


cưới

head

𡠣, 丐, 𡣨, 𡡇, 𡛔, 𱙪

cưới • (𡠣, 丐, 𡣨, 𡡇, 𡛔, 𱙪)

vi-verb

𡠣, 丐, 𡣨, 𡡇, 𡛔, 𱙪

cưới • (𡠣, 丐, 𡣨, 𡡇, 𡛔, 𱙪)

𡠣 (CJK)
丐 (CJK)
𡣨 (CJK)
𡡇 (CJK)
𡛔 (CJK)
𱙪 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *kaːlʔ / *-gaːlʔ (“to ask > marriage”). Cognate with Muong cưởi.

vợ chồng mới cưới


編輯

編輯 (Biên tập)
武文A (Vũ Văn A)
Editor
Vũ Văn A

chữ Hán form of biên tập (“(writing, publishing, journalism, advertising, film, television) to edit”).


thuật

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

(usually in compounds) art; craft; skill; technique


Brigitta

[ʔɓɹi˧˧ zit̚˧˦ taː˧˧]

[ʔɓɹɪj˧˧ jit̚˦˧˥ taː˧˧]

[ʔɓɹɪj˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥ taː˧˧]

From Italian Brigitta. Cognate with English Bridget.


gậy

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gậy.wav

(colloquial, YouTube) a copyright strike


biết

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-biết.wav

Norman and Mei (1976), Schuessler (2007), Sagart (2008): Related to Min Chinese 捌 (bā, “to know”) (proto-Min: *pat). The direction of borrowing is debated; Norman and Mei, and Schuessler favour an Austroasiatic origin for this word, and regard Min as a loan. Sagart, on the other hand, proposes that the sense “to know; to recognise” in both Min and Vietnamese is an extension of the sense “to differentiate; to separate” of 別 (OC *N-pret) (B-S), and hence treats V. biết as a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 別 (SV: biệt), a semantic development shared with Min.
The word has mostly displaced the use of hay, the more commonly seen word for "to know" in older literature.
Also compare Proto-Bahnaric *băt (“to know”) (Starling).
The Protestant biblical sense is a semantic loan from French connaître.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biệt</i>

vi-etym-sino

biết thì thưa thốt không biết thì dựa cột mà nghe

(biblical, Protestantism) to know (have sexual relations with)


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

(music) to play (a non-wind instrument); compare thổi (“to play/blow (a wind instrument)”)


cầm

(only in compounds, music) zither; string instrument


nguyệt cầm

[ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ kəm˨˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ kəm˦˩]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 月琴, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 琴 (“stringed instrument”).


chân

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chân.wav

chân, thiện, mĩ


độ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 度. For the Buddhist sense of "to help to pass through difficulties", also compare đò (“boat”), derived from Chinese 渡 (dù, “to cross”), which is a derivate of 度 (“to pass; to go over”). The meaning "period" is an extension of "about". Doublet of đạc and đo. Compare Japanese 度 (do, “degree; diopter”).

Số gì hên thế, ai độ cho không biết nữa.

Whose blessing did this guy receive to be this lucky?

Trời độ.

(Buddhism and humorous) to help one passing through their obstacles; to save from difficulties


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平 (“level; even”); originally the Northern reading. Its distribution likely already extended beyond Northern Vietnam by the time Vietnamese started to be written down in the Latin script. See also bình, the current chief form used in compounds and the main form in placenames in Southern Vietnam.
The expected reading of the Northern form would be *bềnh, which is unattested. Compare pairs such as bệnh vs. bịnh, nghênh vs. nghinh, lệnh vs. lịnh.
It is sometimes claimed that this form is due to the taboo of the title 北平王 (Bắc Bình/Bằng vương) of Quang Trung, but this is demonstrably false as bàng (as well as bàng an, bàng ien) is attested in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the dialects of Northern Vietnam.

(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being a ngang or huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a bằng tone


bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鵬. See also đại bàng (“eagle”).

Zhuangzi, ch. 1. English translation by James Legge; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

In the Northern Ocean there is a fish, the name of which is Kun - I do not know how many li in size. It changes into a bird with the name of Peng, the back of which is (also) - I do not know how many li in extent.

Biển Bắc có con cá gọi là cá côn, mình dài không biết mấy ngàn dặm. Nó biến thành con chim gọi là chim bằng, lưng rộng không biết mấy ngàn dặm.

(rare, Chinese mythology) (chim ~) Peng, a giant mythical bird


阿Q

chữ Hán form of AQ/A Q (“Ah Q; the main character in Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q”).


cô

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cô.wav

(formal, chiefly in fiction or translation) you, a young adult woman


cô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孤 (“lonesome”).

14th century, Luo Guanzhong Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 78; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
Hán Trung vương nói: - Cô kết nghĩa với Quan, Trương hai em ở vườn đào, thề cùng sống thác với nhau. Nay Vân Trường chẳng may bị hại, cô sao hưởng phú quý một mình được!

The King of Hanzhong said: - I swore an oath of fraternal rectitude with my two younger oath-brothers Guan, Zhang in the peach garden, pledging to live and die together. Now [Guan] Yunzhang unfortunately has been maliciously murdered, how can I enjoy riches by myself?


phần

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phần.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 分 (“part; portion”), 份, from Middle Chinese 分 (bjunH), 份 (bjunH).
The huyền tone here is rather problematic. The regular tone derivation pattern, based on the original Middle Chinese tone and onset consonant would be as follows:
* 分 (bjunH, “portion”, 去聲 /去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”), 全濁聲母 /全浊声母 (quánzhuó shēngmǔ, “voiced obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phận, Mandarin 分 (fèn), Cantonese 分 (fan6)
* 分 (pjun, “to divide”, 平聲 /平声 (píngshēng, “level tone”), 清聲母 /清声母 (qīng shēngmǔ, “voiceless obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phân, Mandarin 分 (fēn), Cantonese 分 (fan1)
The huyền tone suggests an unattested Middle Chinese reading:
* 分 (*bjun, “portion”, level tone, voiced obstruent onset) > Vietnamese phần
Alternatively, the huyền tone suggests non-Classical Chinese origin. Compare hè and hạ, mùi and vị, vì and vị.
Doublet of phân and phận. Cognate with Mandarin 分 (fèn) and Cantonese 分 (fan6). See also phần tử and phân tử, and Phần Lan.

Meronym: tập (“episode”)


duyên phận

[jwiəŋ˧˧ fəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[j⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ fəŋ˨˩˨]

the predetermined principle that dictates a person's relationships and encounters, usually positive, such as the affinity among friends or lovers


đạo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 道 (“road; way”).

đạo Thiên Chúa

theo đạo

to be religious, especially to be a Christian


đạo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 盜 (“to steal”).

đạo nhạc

đạo văn

to rip off someone else's written piece or writing style

đạo tranh


hạnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 行 (“conduct”). Doublet of hàng.

(Confucianism) virtue, one of the tứ đức (“four virtues”) that women are supposed to have


tục

[tʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 俗 (“custom; vulgar”).

tục truyền rằng

(narratology, only in fixed expressions) legend


vịnh

Vịnh cái quạt

Vịnh đời người

Vịnh Hằng Nga
On Heng'e

(poetry) a type of poem that describes or comments on a particular subject


phách

a clapper or woodblock made out of bamboo or hardwood, used in the traditional music of Vietnam, including ca trù


phách

Đêm qua chẳng biết có hay không,
Chẳng phải hoảng hốt, không mơ mòng.
Thật hồn! Thật phách! Thật thân thế!
Thật được lên tiên - sướng lạ lùng.

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]:

Not sure last night was real,
I don't think I was frightened or dreaming.
But rather, really spirited! Really zealous! Really lively!
Really got into heaven - so joyful.

(occult, folklore) a soul; a spirit (po as opposed to hun)


tô

(transitive, cosmetics, construction) to apply a thin layer of paste-like or powdered substance to something


giáo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教 (“to teach; teachings; religion”).
The suffix sense seems to be a rather recent learned borrowing from Chinese (and other Sino-Xenic languages), with words formed with this suffix being more formal than their counterparts with đạo.


câm

For the sense of "orthographically silent", a semantic loan from French muet.

kịch câm


cáp

Nhà mày có (truyền hình) cáp không?

truyền hình cáp
truyền hình cáp#Vietnamese

(television) Short for truyền hình cáp (“cable television”).


chuyển

[c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chuyển.wav


âm

ngày âm

(occult) having "yin" characteristics, as in "dark", "lunar" or "feminine"


dương

ngày dương

(occult) having "yang" characteristics, such as "bright", "solar" or "masculine"


điêu

Anh hùng xạ điêu

(wuxia fiction) a giant eagle in Jin Yong's wuxia novels and their live action adaptations


viện bảo tàng

[viən˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːw˧˩ taːŋ˨˩]

[viəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːw˧˨ taːŋ˦˩]

[viəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

[jiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

viện (“institution”) + bảo tàng (“museum”)


bảo tàng

viện (classifier)
nhà (classifier)
cái (classifier)

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ taːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ taːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ taːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 保藏 (“to preserve”) or 寶藏 /宝藏 (“precious deposits”)


giai điệu

[zaːj˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[jaːj˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


tì bà

[ti˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

[tɪj˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩]

[tɪj˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩]

pipa (pear-shaped plucked lute) or one of its derivatives (Vietnamese dan ty ba, Japanese biwa, Korean bipa)


đàn tam

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ taːm˧˧]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ taːm˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彈 (“a classifier designating string instruments”) and 三 (“three”).

a fretless lute with snakeskin-covered body and three strings


công

Sino-Vietnamese word from 功 (“accomplishment”). Also from Chinese 婦功 /妇功 (phụ công, “wifely competence”).

der

(Confucianism) competence, one of the tứ đức (“four virtues”) that women are supposed to have


tiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仙, also written as 僊.

thần tiên

Bát Tiên

Hằng Nga Tiên tử

(Chinese mythology, Taoism) xian (an immortal; celestial being)

cô tiên xanh

Nàng tiên cá

(by extension, Western fantasy) a fine, beautiful creature such as a fairy, a pixie, an undine, an elf, a dryad, a mermaid, etc.


phổ

phổ nhạc

to compose a score or to arrange it; to set to music

phổ lời

(music) to compose a score, arrange, or write lyrics to a song


chấm

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a dot (㇔)


cung

cung/nhà văn hoá

12 cung hoàng đạo


mẫu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 模 (SV: mô).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mô</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhà tạo mẫu tóc


khoá

cái (classifier)
課 (CJK)
鎖 (CJK)
銙 (CJK)
錁 (CJK)

Short for chìa khoá (“key”). Also semantic loan from English key and semantic loan from French clef.


dâu

From Proto-Vietic *-juː. Compare North Central Vietnamese du.


trắc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仄 (“oblique”).

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) oblique (involving a rising or falling contour)

(phonology, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang nor huyền tone

(poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone


cửa sổ

[kɨə˧˩ so˧˩]

[kɨə˧˨ ʂow˧˨]

[kɨə˧˨ sow˧˨]

[kɨə˨˩˦ ʂow˨˩˦]

[kɨə˨˩˦ sow˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cửa sổ.wav

cửa (“door”) + sổ (“to escape, to slip away”).


nhảy

head

𧿆, 跳, 𧻭, 䟢, 𬦮

vi-verb

𧿆, 跳, 𧻭, 䟢, 𬦮

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-nhảy.wav

From Proto-Vietic *ʄas (“to jump”). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] jal⁵.

Chiều nay nhảy không?

to dance as a form of hobby, recreation, or entertainment


nhiễu

(broadcasting, radio, television, computer graphics) noisy


nhiễu

khử nhiễu

(broadcasting, radio, television, computer graphics) noise


phấn

vi-noun

(classifier cục / viên / hòn (“chalk”)) phấn

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
hòn (classifier)

đánh phấn


âm dương

[ʔəm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 陰陽, composed of 陰 (“yin”) and 陽 (“yang”).


lầu

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 樓 (SV: lâu).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lâu</i>

vi-etym-sino

lầu 1

the 1st/2nd floor (1 level above the ground story)

nhà lầu

nhảy lầu tự tử

to jump off a high floor to kill oneself

(architecture, chiefly Southern Vietnam) a floor (except the ground floor)


cốt

From etymology above, as seen in the expression ‘[có] căn cốt đồng’ “[to have] the essence / inner quality to be a medium”.

bà cốt

ông cốt

𨔍(Lạ)之(gì)󰜋(một)骨(cốt)󰜋(một)同(đồng)初(xưa)󰅒(nay)

Little wonder that the witch and the medium have been working hand in glove with each other!


phân

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 糞 (SV: phẩn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phẩn</i>

vi-etym-sino

cục phân

đống phân

(formal or euphemistic) stool; faeces; excrement


kèn túi

[kɛŋ˦˩ tuj˨˩˦]

[kɛŋ˨˩ tuj˦˥]


sách giáo khoa

[ʂat̚˦˧˥ jaːw˨˩˦ kʰwaː˧˧]

[sat̚˦˧˥ jaːw˨˩˦ xwaː˧˧]

[ʂat̚˦˥ jaːw˦˥ kʰwaː˧˧]

sách + giáo khoa, calque of Japanese 教科書 (kyōkasho, giáo khoa thư).


bỏ

bỏ đỡ đầu


lễ nghi

[le˦ˀ˥ ŋi˧˧]

[lej˧˨ ŋɪj˧˧]

[lej˨˩˦ ŋɪj˧˧]


nghi thức

[ŋi˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[ŋɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[ŋɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥]


一元論

nhất nguyên luận
nhất nguyên luận#Vietnamese:_一元論

chữ Hán form of nhất nguyên luận (“monism”).


hiệu trưởng

[hiəw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[hiw˨˩ʔ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[hiw˨˩˨ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 校長, composed of 校 (“school”) and 長 (“head”).

vi-etym-sino

Đó là con đường chính dẫn đến trường Đămri – đường Brabun, tên vị hiệu trưởng đầu tiên của trường.

2006, Nguyễn Nhật Ánh, chapter 10, in Pho tượng của Baltalon (Chuyện xứ Lang Biang; 1), Kim Đồng:

It was the main road to Đămri school – Brabun road, named after the school's first principal.

(of a school) headmaster, principal, provost


世尊

chữ Hán form of Thế Tôn (“(Buddhism) the World-Honored One, an honorific name for the Gautama Buddha; an indigenous agricultural deity often associated with the Buddha”).


thiên

Tale of Kieu (金雲翹新傳)
曲茄𢬣捛𢧚章没篇薄命吏強𱞐人
Khúc nhà tay lựa nên chương. Một thiên “Bạc mệnh” lại càng não nhân.
She herself composed the song for her singing, a heart-tearing lyric of woman’s sufferings.

(historical) piece of poetry, an article, a song


điển

Sino-Vietnamese word from 典 (“law, canon”).

Ngẫm mà xem! Thơ phú đời sau dùng điển Thúy-Kiều, Nhị-Độ-Mai, hay là điển trong các sách hay khác sắp làm ra, kém chi sâu-sắc bằng điển lấy trong Tứ-thơ, Ngũ-kinh.

1907, Áh-Mồ, “Người An Nam nên viết chữ An Nam”, in Đăng cổ tùng báo:

Just think! Poems in the future will reference the stories of Thuý-Kiều, Nhị-Độ-Mai, or some other great works from the near future, and they will not be inferior to the references to the fables from the Four Books and the Five Classics.


hồ li

Daji
King Zhou of Shang
huli jing
vi:Hồ ly tinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 狐狸 (“fox”), shortened from Chinese 狐狸精 (hồ li tinh, “huli jing”, literally “fox spirit”). The most well-known of this kind is a fictitious counterpart of Daji, a female one that allured King Zhou of Shang into a reign of cruelty.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hồ li tinh</i>

(Chinese mythology) a type of fox yaoguai that disguises as a human; a fox in human's clothing


muội

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female junior among the speakers)


nhạc cụ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ ku˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ kʊw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ kʊw˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhạc cụ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂具, composed of 樂 (“music”) and 具 (“instrument”).


Thánh Thần

[tʰajŋ̟˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[tʰɛɲ˦˧˥ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tʰan˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖神, composed of 聖 (“holy; sacred”) and 神 (“god”).

(Christianity) Synonym of Thánh Linh (“Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost”)


thần

Psalm 82:6-7, 1925 Vietnamese translation by Phan Khôi et al.; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version updated edition
Ta đã nói: Các ngươi là thần, Hết thảy đều là con trai của Đấng Chí cao. Dầu vậy, các ngươi sẽ chết như loài người, sa ngã như một quan trưởng.
I say, ‘You are gods, children of the Most High, all of you; nevertheless, you shall die like mortals and fall like any prince.’


Thánh Linh

[tʰajŋ̟˧˦ lïŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˧˥ lɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thánh Linh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 聖靈, composed of 聖 (“holy; sacred”) and 靈 (“spirit”).

(Christianity) the Holy Spirit; the Holy Ghost


nhân văn

[ɲən˧˧ van˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ jaŋ˧˧]

Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn

the University of Social Sciences and Humanities

(rare, only in compounds) the humanities


văn

giỏi văn

văn hay chữ đẹp

eloquent expression, beautiful handwriting

văn vẻ

đạo văn


Đức Bà

[ʔɗɨk̚˧˦ ʔɓaː˨˩]

[ʔɗɨk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˦˩]

[ʔɗɨk̚˦˥ ʔɓaː˨˩]

Nhà thờ Đức Bà Pa-ri


Giáo hội Công giáo

[zaːw˧˦ hoj˧˨ʔ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ zaːw˧˦]

[jaːw˨˩˦ hoj˨˩ʔ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːw˨˩˦]

[jaːw˦˥ hoj˨˩˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Giáo hội Công giáo.wav

giáo hội (“non-Protestant church”) + Công giáo (“Catholic”).


giáo hội

Sino-Vietnamese word from 教會, composed of 教 (“teaching; religion”) and 會 (“assembly”).

vi-etym-sino

Thay mặt lãnh đạo Bộ Công an đón nhận những lẵng hoa tươi thắm và lời chúc mừng tốt đẹp mà Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) dành cho toàn thể lực lượng CAND, Thứ trưởng Lương Tam Quang gửi lời cảm ơn chân thành và chúc sức khỏe, lời chúc năm mới an lành, hạnh phúc đến toàn thể tăng ni, phật tử, cùng các chức sắc, tín đồ Tin lành Việt Nam.

2024 January 30, Quang Khải, “Trung ương Giáo hội Phật giáo Việt Nam và Hội thánh Tin lành Việt Nam (miền Bắc) chúc mừng lực lượng Công an nhân dịp năm mới [Central Headquarters of Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and Northern Evangelical Church of Vietnam to Wish Public Security Happy New Year]”, in Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Công an [The Portal of the Ministry of Public Security]:

On behalf of the Ministry of Public Security to take fresh bouquets and good wishes from the Headquarters of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and the Evangelical Church of Vietnam (Northern branch) to the whole body of the People's Public Security, Deputy Minister Lương Tam Quang sent his sincere thanks, godspeed and happy new year wishes to all bhikkhus and bhikkhunis and children of the Buddha, as well as the Evangelical clergy and believers.

(Buddhism) a sangha (Buddhist congregation)

Giáo hội Công giáo

Giáo Hội Các Thánh Hữu Ngày Sau của Chúa Giê Su Ky Tô

the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

(Catholicism, Mormonism, Orthodoxy) a church (a particular denomination of Christianity)

Hội thánh/Giáo hội Cơ-đốc Phục lâm ngày thứ bảy

(uncommon, Protestantism) Synonym of hội thánh (“a church”) (a particular denomination of Christianity)


Công giáo

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ zaːw˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːw˨˩˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公教, composed of 公 (“public”) and 教 (“religion”), Chinese 公教 (gōngjiào).

Holonym: Ki-tô giáo


sổ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 竪 (“vertical”, SV: thụ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thụ</i>

vi-etym-sino

nét sổ ngang

nét sổ dọc


tình ca

[tïŋ˨˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˦˩ kaː˧˧]

[tɨn˨˩ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 情歌, composed of 情 (“love”) and 歌 (“song”).

Câu chuyện là một bản tình ca hùng tráng, khơi dậy tình yêu quê hương, đất nước.

The story is an epic that evokes palpable love for one's home, one's country.

(literary, music, poetry, literature) a song, poem or narrative that evokes a strong feeling of love (romantic, patriotic, nostalgic or otherwise)


múa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 舞 (SV: vũ). Cognate with Chut [Rục] kumúa.
This item was borrowed sometime after the OC stage, when the rime had already shifted (based on the Chứt lemma, which still preserves the trace of OC pre-initial *k- according to BS, the timing of the borrowing wouldn't have been very far off). For a similar case of borrowing, compare búa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vũ</i>

vi-etym-sino

múa bụng

múa lân

múa quạt

Và từ sau hôm đó
Họ sánh bước bên nhau
Anh cúi sát mái đầu
Cùng người yêu anh nói:
“Nếu anh có con gái
Nó sẽ múa như em”
Cô mỉm cười tiếp thêm:
“Trai, em cho học nhạc”

1963, Xuân Quỳnh, “Ghét [Hate]”, in Chồi biếc [Green Buds]:

Since that day
They’re always together
He bows near her head
And tells her:
“If I have a girl
She will dance like you”
She smiles and follows:
“If it’s a boy, he’ll be a musician”

to dance religiously or artistically by making movements with one's body and limbs

nhảy

to dance for entertainment, usually incorporate a wider variety of body movements


thơ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩 (“poem”, SV: thi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ Đường


điện ảnh

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔan˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-điện ảnh.wav

(film) cinema (the film and movie industry; the art of making films and movies)


điêu khắc

[ʔɗiəw˧˧ xak̚˧˦]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ kʰak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ xak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ kʰak̚˦˥]

[ʔɗiw˧˧ xak̚˦˥]


hội hoạ

[hoj˨˩˨ waː˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 繪畫 (“painting”).


hoạ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 畫 (“to draw”).


cúng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 供 (“to offer”, SV: cung). Doublet of cung.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cung</i>

vi-etym-sino

(religion, occult) to give offerings, to enshrine, to worship


chương

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chương.wav

tiểu thuyết chương hồi

novels that are divided into multiple chapters

(of a book, guideline or legislative document) a chapter


chuông

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
鍾 (CJK)
鐘 (CJK)

→ Khmer: ជួង (cuəng)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chuông.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鐘 (SV: chung).
Attested as chuâng in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chung</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chuông gọi hồn ai

For Whom the Bell Tolls (literally, “Whose Soul Does the Bell Call On?”)

Đeo/Treo chuông cổ mèo


cổ điển

[ko˧˩ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[kow˧˨ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 古典, composed of 古 (“old”) and 典 (“canon”).

classical (literature etc; describing a style of music; in physics; art etc)


âm chủ

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[ʔəm˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 音 (“tone”) and 主 (“primary”), calque of Chinese 主音 (chủ âm).


giấy sáp

[zəj˧˦ saːp̚˧˦]

[jəj˨˩˦ ʂaːp̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˨˩˦ saːp̚˦˧˥]

[jəj˦˥ ʂaːp̚˦˥]

[jəj˦˥ saːp̚˦˥]


sáp

From Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”), probably from Old Chinese 蠟 (OC *k.rˤap) (B-S) (SV: lạp). However, as the Chinese word was not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century CE, the loan direction could be from Proto-Vietic into Old Chinese instead. In that case, the Proto-Vietic could be from another Sino-Tibetan source; compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”), whence Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”).


giấy nến

[jəj˨˩˦ nen˦˧˥]

[jəj˦˥ nəːn˦˥]


khí

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-khí.wav

sát khí

killing chi, provoked by killing intent (sát ý)

tà khí

linh khí

yêu khí

chướng khí

(fiction) an aura (chi) that can be sensed by chi masters, usually helps them notice the presence of someone or something even without seeing that person or thing


tế

tế sống

(occult) to sacrifice to; to make an offering to


tuổi

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 歲 (“age”, SV: tuế).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tuế</i>

vi-etym-sino

Mày tuổi gì?
Tuổi mèo/Mão.
What's your zodiac beast?
Cat.

Nó tuổi hổ/Dần nên nóng tính lắm.

His zodiac beast is the Tiger. No wonder he has such a temper.

Tao tuổi trâu/Sửu, nó tuổi hổ/Dần, không hạp nhau đâu.

My zodiac beast is the Buffalo, his is the Tiger, so we don't get along.

(occult, divination) the Vietnamese zodiac equivalent of a zodiac sign, i.e. an earthly branch or a zodiac beast, based on birthyear


cải lương

→ Khmer: (sense 2) កៃលឿង (kaylɨəng)

[kaːj˧˩ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˧˨ lɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 改良, composed of 改 (“to change”) and 良 (“good, honest”).

kind of folk musical theater originated from southern Vietnam ("reformed theatre")


nhịp điệu

[ɲip̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[ɲip̚˨˩˨ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


láy rền

[la(ː)j˦˥ ɹəːn˨˩]


hợp âm rải

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧ zaːj˧˩]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧ ʐaːj˧˨]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧ ɹaːj˨˩˦]


hợp âm

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˧]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hợp âm.wav


bài hát

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːj˦˩ haːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːj˨˩ haːk̚˦˥]

From bài (“writing, piece of writing”) + hát (“to sing”).


dân ca

[zən˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 民歌 (“folk song”).


giao hưởng

[zaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˩]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˨]

[jaːw˧˧ hɨəŋ˨˩˦]


dàn nhạc

[zaːn˨˩ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jaːŋ˦˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jaːŋ˨˩ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]


nhạc sĩ

[ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ɲaːk̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樂 (“music”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).

a musician, especially a songwriter or a composer


thể loại

[tʰej˨˩˦ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 體類, composed of 體 (“genre, style”) and 類 (“category”).


nghệ thuật

[ŋe˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藝術, composed of 藝 (“art”) and 術 (“craft”), from Japanese 芸術 (geijutsu), from Middle Chinese 藝術 (“court arts and crafts”).

der

nghệ thuật vị nghệ thuật/nhân sinh/luân lí/xã hội/tôn giáo

art for art's/life's/morality's/society's/religion's sake


trình diễn

[t͡ɕïŋ˨˩ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʈɨn˦˩ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʈɨn˨˩ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 呈演 (“to perform”).


bản

Sino-Vietnamese word from 版 (“edition”).

bản sao

(printing, publishing) a version or copy


âm nhạc

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəm˧˧ ɲaːk̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-âm nhạc.wav

Near-synonym: nhạc (as a hobby or object of enjoyment)


ca trù

[kaː˧˧ t͡ɕu˨˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˦˩]

[kaː˧˧ ʈʊw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌 (“song”) and 籌 (“bamboo card”). So called because bamboo cards were formerly sold to listeners, who would award them to their favorite singers, who then redeemed the cards for money.

genre of traditional singing from northern Vietnam


ca khúc

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˧˧ kʰʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[kaː˧˧ xʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


tôn giáo

[toŋ˧˧ jaːw˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 宗教 (SV: tông giáo), from Japanese 宗教 (shūkyō).
Intentionally misread to avoid Emperor Thiệu Trị's taboo name: Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông. The etymologically accurate form, tông giáo, seems to be currently in use primarily as an unintentional misspelling alongside tôn giáo, sometimes in the same piece of writing. Compare Tôn Thất and Tôn Nữ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tông giáo</i>

vi-etym-sino

tự do tôn giáo

Marx khẳng định, tôn giáo chính là tiếng thở dài của chúng sinh bị áp bức, là cách để họ tạm thời lấy lại được sự sống sau những giờ lao động mệt mỏi và căng thẳng. Nó là trái tim của thế giới không có trái tim, là tinh thần của trật tự không có tinh thần [/ linh hồn của những hoàn cảnh thiếu linh hồn]. Bởi lẽ nếu không có tôn giáo thì nhân dân lao động sẽ không còn là con người, họ sẽ bị biến thành những cái máy vô hồn, làm việc trong các băng truyền hay con Rô-bốt không có trái tim.

2018, Tâm Thành, “Tôn Giáo Là Thuốc Phiện Của Nhân Dân? [Religion Is The Opium of the People?]”, in Bùi Chu Diocese:

Marx affirms that ‘religion is the sigh of the oppressed creatures’, their wherewithal to temporarily reclaim their lives after hours of tiresome and stressful toil. It is ‘the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions’. For without religion the working people would no longer be humans, they would have become soulless machines working on assembly lines or heartless robots.


ngưỡng

a threshold (bottom-most part of a doorway)


diễn tấu

[ziən˦ˀ˥ təw˧˦]

[jiəŋ˧˨ təw˨˩˦]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ təw˦˥]


ngân hàng

[ŋən˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ŋəŋ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngân hàng.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 銀行, composed of 銀 (“money”) and 行 (“store”), from Japanese 銀行 (ginkō)


教理

chữ Hán form of giáo lý (“(chiefly religion) a doctrine or dogma”).


正面

being a literary protagonist or hero(ine)


bê-tông

[ʔɓe˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bê-tông.wav


Hán học

[haːŋ˦˧˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˥ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漢學, composed of 漢 (“Han”) and 學 (“-logy”).

(obsolete, education) education only with Chinese characters


馬頭琴

chữ Hán form of mã đầu cầm (“morin khuur”).


côn

Zhuangzi, ch. 1. English translation by James Legge; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê

In the Northern Ocean there is a fish, the name of which is Kun - I do not know how many li in size. It changes into a bird with the name of Peng, the back of which is (also) - I do not know how many li in extent.

(rare, Chinese mythology) (cá ~) Kun, a giant mythical fish


Thiên Chúa

[tʰiən˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 天主 (“Heavenly Lord”, SV: Thiên Chủ), from Chinese 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, “Catholic God”). Doublet of Thiên Chủ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Thiên Chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Exodus 20:2; Vietnamese translation by Kinh Thánh ấn bản 2011 (KPA) version; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Ta là Đức Chúa, Thiên Chúa của ngươi, đã đưa ngươi ra khỏi đất Ai Cập, khỏi cảnh nô lệ.

I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.

Qua Đại hội này, xin Chúa giúp chúng ta noi dấu chân Đấng Christ để phục vụ Chúa, Phục vụ Hội thánh và phục vụ Tổ quốc như Hiến chương của Hội thánh chúng ta đã đề ra: ‘Sống Phúc âm, phụng sự Thiên Chúa, phục vụ Tổ quốc và dân tộc.’

2010 November 4, Phan Chí Tâm, “Khai Mạc Đại Hội Đồng Giáo phẩm Lần Thứ V [Opening of the 5th General Ministers Assembly]”, in Hội Thánh Tin Lành Việt Nam [Evangelical Church of Vietnam]:

Through this Assembly, May God help us follow in Christ's footsteps to serve God, serve the Church, and serve the Homeland in accordance with our Church's adopted Charter: ‘Living the Gospel, serving God. serving the Fatherland and the nation.’


huynh

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) an elder brother

period Chinese fiction; faux archaism; period Chinese fiction; faux archaism


huynh

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) I; you (refers to the male senior among the speakers)

(period Chinese fiction, faux archaism) you (used when speaking to a young man on equal footing)


nét

nét sổ


盤古

chữ Hán form of Bàn Cổ (“(Chinese mythology) Pangu”).


涅槃

chữ Hán form of niết bàn (“(Buddhism) nirvana”).


bách khoa toàn thư

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ xwaː˧˧ twaːn˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ kʰwaː˧˧ twaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ xwaː˧˧ twaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ kʰwaː˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ xwaː˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bách khoa toàn thư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百科全書 (“encyclopedia”).

bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia


toàn thư

[twaːn˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[twaːŋ˦˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˨˩ tʰɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-toàn thư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 全書 (“entire collection of books”).


kiến trúc

[kiən˧˦ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 建築, from Japanese 建築 (kenchiku).


喇嘛

chữ Hán form of lạt-ma (“(Buddhism) lama”).


đạo diễn

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đạo diễn.wav

to direct (a play, a TV series, a movie, etc.)


đạo diễn

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ ziən˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˦]

director (of a play, a TV series, a movie, etc.)


unbiuni

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔun˧˧ ni˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔun˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


unbibi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]


unbitri

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ tɹi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ tɹɪj˧˧]


unbiquadi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ waː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]


unbipenti

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ pɛn˧˧ ti˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧]


unbihexi

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ hɛk̚˧˦ si˧˧]

[ʔun˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˧˥ sɪj˧˧]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ hɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˧˧]


bộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 部, from Literary Chinese 部 (bù). 部 (bù) is used for ministries based on historical and modern Chinese models. South Korea also uses 部 (bù), while feudal Korea used 조 (jo), from Literary Chinese 曹 (cáo, “agency”). North Korea and Japan use 省 (tỉnh), which was a higher type of government agency in feudal China.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bộ.wav

bộ truyện

bộ phim


無線

chữ Hán form of vô tuyến (“related to radio; wireless”).


mĩ nhân ngư

[mi˦ˀ˥ ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美人魚, composed of 美 (“beautiful”) and 人魚 (“mermaid”).


mĩ thuật

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美術, composed of 美 (“beautiful”) and 術 (“art”), from Japanese 美術 (bijutsu, “fine arts”), calqued from English fine arts.

some visual arts, such as painting, drawing, sculpture, graphic design, animation, photography


nhân ngư

[ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 人魚, composed of 人 (“man, person”) and 魚 (“fish”).


tiểu nhân

[tiəw˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[tiw˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[tiw˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小人 (“villain”).

Zuo Zhuan; 2018, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

I, the low-born one, still have an elderly mother; she has tasted every kind of foods at home, yet she has never tasted delicacies belonging to you, my ruler. Now I beg you the ruler to allow the low-born me to bring these pieces of meat home to my mother.

Tiểu nhân còn mẹ già, những thứ ở nhà bà đều đã ăn qua, chỉ chưa nếm được những món ngon của quốc quân. Nay xin quốc quân cho phép tiểu nhân đem những miếng thịt này về nhà cho mẹ.

(Chinese fiction, humble) I/me, a low-born person


giáng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 降 (“to fall”).

(music, only in compounds, after the name of a note) a flat

(music) Short for dấu giáng (“flat sign”).


số

head

𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數

số • (𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數)

vi-noun

𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數

số • (𢼂, 数, 措, 𥐈, 數)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-số.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 數 (“number, several, count, fate”). Perhaps also a clipping of chữ số (“digit”) and a semantic loan from English digital (see also kĩ thuật số (“digital”, literally “based on "digit/number-based" technology”). Compare French numérique (“numerical; digital”).

vi-etym-sino

số tháng 9-2016

(publishing) issue (a single edition of a newspaper or other periodical publication)


mệnh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 命; this is the Northern form. Doublet of mạng, the Southern form.

Tuân mệnh/lệnh/chỉ!

(archaic or Chinese fiction) order from the monarch

Mệnh hoả không hạp với mệnh thuỷ.

"Fire people" don't get along with "water people".

(occult) the wuxing element you're associated with, which dictates your luck and the kind of people you can get along with


tổng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 總 (“overall; arch-”).

tổng giám mục


kiếp

kiếp trước

Nếu có kiếp sau, ta nguyện bên nhau.

If there is another life, we vow to be together.

Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Nên thân ta giờ đây,
Kiếp sống không nhà không người thân.
Ta mang bao tội lỗi,
Người ơi, ta đâu còn chi !
Xin hãy tránh xa kiếp đỏ đen !

(Can we date this quote?), Duy Mạnh (lyrics and music), “Kiếp đỏ đen [Gambling Life]”:

I'm so sinful,
Now I have to live this life,
No home, no loved ones.
I'm so sinful,
O humanity, I have nothing left!
Please stay clear of the gambling life!

♀: Em yêu anh, ngả nghiêng, bồng bềnh niềm kiêu hãnh.
Thiên đường xanh mướt, gió trong lành
Cuốn vào đời anh là em bất tận.
Vô tình chúng ta thuộc về nhau, ngàn kiếp sau.

(Can we date this quote?), Mạnh Quân (lyrics and music), “Thiên đường gọi tên [The Paradise is Saying Your Name]”:

♀: I love you, with drifting, floating pride.
A green paradise, with refreshing winds
That carry all of my infinite self into your life.
By the hands of fate, we belong together, for all lives after this.


cây Nô-en

[kəj˧˧ no˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧]

[kəj˧˧ now˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]

[kəj˧˧ now˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]


thiếp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 妾 (“concubine”).

俍众妾胋陳濁

(archaic, now literary, chiefly fiction, women's speech, endearing) I/me (referring to a beloved woman)


tiên chim

[tiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕim˧˧]


nam nhân ngư

[naːm˧˧ ɲən˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 男 (“male”) and 人魚 (“mermaid”).


thiên thần

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天神 (“heavenly spirit”).


ngôn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 言 (“speech”), from Chinese 婦言 /妇言 (phụ ngôn, “wifely eloquence”).

der

(Confucianism) eloquence, one of the tứ đức (“four virtues”) that women are supposed to have


lời

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𠅜, composed of 亠, simplified from 麻 (MC mae), and 例 (MC ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ) and 麻例 (MC mae ljejH) (modern SV: ma lệ). Attested as mlời in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

lời bài hát

lời 1


nôm

Quảng Nôm

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of nam, representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese.


nàng tiên

[naːŋ˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[naːŋ˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[naːŋ˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

(mythology) a young-looking female fairy


thiên sứ

[tʰiən˧˧ sɨ˧˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨ˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨ˦˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ sɨ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天使, composed of 天 (“heaven”) and 使 (“messenger”).

vi-etym-sino

Nhưng thiên sứ của Đức Giê-hô-va thấy nàng ở trong đồng vắng gần bên suối nước, nơi mé đường đi về Su-rơ, thì hỏi rằng: Hỡi A-ga, đòi của Sa-rai, ngươi ở đâu đến, và sẽ đi đâu?

1925, “Sáng-thế ký [Genesis 16]”, in Kinh Thánh [The Holy Bible]:

But Jehovah's angel saw her in a forsaken field near a spring beside the road to Shur and asked, "Hagar, slave of Sarai, where have you come from and where are you going?"

(religion) Synonym of thiên thần (“angel”)


cả

head

cả • (哿, 奇, 𪥘)

vi-adj

cả • (哿, 奇, 𪥘)

Grêgôriô Cả

(Roman Catholicism) great (title referring to an important leader)


ngộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悟. Compare Japanese 悟り (satori, “enlightenment”) which is also written with this Chinese character.


diễn đơn

[ziən˦ˀ˥ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[jiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]


bộ đôi

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɗoj˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɗoj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bộ đôi.wav


bộ ba

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓaː˧˧]


bộ tứ

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ tɨ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ tɨ˦˥]


bộ năm

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ nam˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ nam˧˧]


bộ sáu

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ saw˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʂaw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ saw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʂa(ː)w˦˥]


bộ bảy

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ ʔɓaj˧˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ ʔɓaj˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦]


bộ tám

[ʔɓo˧˨ʔ taːm˧˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ʔ taːm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩˨ taːm˦˥]


cậu

From Proto-Vietic *guːʔ, from Old Chinese 舅 (OC *[ɡ](r)uʔ) (B-S) (SV: cữu).

(narratology) he/him, a young boy or man


tỉ

(Chinese fiction) I; you (refers to the female senior among the speakers)

(Chinese fiction) you (used when speaking to a young woman on equal footing)


quy

(Chinese mythology) the Turtle, one of the Four Benevolent Animals


nghiêng

(calligraphy) a stroke that is a curved line, usually concave right


phu nhân

[fu˧˧ ɲən˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˧˧ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夫人, composed of 夫 (“husband”) and 人 (“person”), from Chinese 夫人 (fūrén).

vi-etym-sino

(historical, now chiefly fiction) a mistress, the wife of a wealthy man


hoàng tuyền

[hwaːŋ˦˩ twiəŋ˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃泉, composed of 黃 (“yellow”) and 泉 (“spring”).


Phật Đản

[fət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːn˧˩]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːŋ˧˨]

[fək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩˦]


nghệ sĩ

[ŋe˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[ŋej˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[ŋej˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

nghệ sĩ hài

(chiefly film, television) a specialist in humanities; an artist, painter, musician, actor, comic, etc.


làn điệu

[laːn˨˩ ʔɗiəw˧˨ʔ]

[laːŋ˦˩ ʔɗiw˨˩ʔ]

[laːŋ˨˩ ʔɗiw˨˩˨]


đàn đáy

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɗaj˧˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗaj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗa(ː)j˦˥]

Compound of đàn (“string instrument”) + đáy (“back”), perhaps because the instrument's body has an open back.

com

a Vietnamese lute with three strings, a hollow trapezoidal wooden body with an open back, and a very long neck, used in traditional Vietnamese music (particularly ca trù)


如來

chữ Hán form of Như Lai (“(Buddhism) tathagata”).


反面

chữ Hán form of phản diện (“being a literary antagonist or villain”).


quốc ca

[kuək̚˧˦ kaː˧˧]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ kaː˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國歌, composed of 國 (“country”) and 歌 (“song”)


三國演義

Tam quốc diễn nghĩa
Tam quốc diễn nghĩa#Vietnamese:_三國演義

chữ Hán form of Tam quốc diễn nghĩa (“(literature) The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels”).


buồng

căn (classifier)
房 (CJK)
逢 (CJK)
𢩣 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 房 (“room”, SV: phòng). Doublet of phòng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phòng</i>


phim

cuốn (classifier)
bộ (classifier)
thước (classifier)

phim truyện

cinematic live action TV series or TV movie

(film, television, pornography) any type of video involving cinematic elements, such as movies, TV series, commercials, documentaries, etc., except music videos; or pornographic videos or sex tapes that may or may not involve cinematic elements


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

(music) fantasia (an unstructured orchestral composition)


phăng-tê-di

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ zi˧˧]

[faŋ˧˧ tɛ˧˧ ji˧˧]

2009: Lệ Chi, "Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng" [Liu Xiao Ling Tong], Thanh Niên https://web.archive.org/web/20140404032514/http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/news1/pages/200930/20090726145747.aspx
Khi có khá nhiều phim truyện và truyền hình được làm theo đề tài tác phẩm Tây du ký, Lục Tiểu Linh Đồng đã nhắc nhở: các nhà làm phim không nên bóp méo và phăng-tê-di quá hình ảnh nhân vật huyền thoại này.

With so many feature films and television shows about Journey to the West, Liu Xiao Ling Tong reminds us: filmmakers shouldn't overly distort and improvise the image of this legendary figure.

Mổi miền lại phăng ta di tên gọi khác chút đỉnh [...]

2010, “Lang thang gỏi Việt”, in Du lịch & Giải trí:

Each region tweaks the name just a bit …

(especially music) to improvise; to tweak


Tam quốc diễn nghĩa

[taːm˧˧ kuək̚˧˦ ziən˦ˀ˥ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[taːm˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥ jiəŋ˧˨ ŋiə˧˨]

[taːm˧˧ wək̚˦˥ jiəŋ˨˩˦ ŋiə˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 三國演義 (“The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”).

(literature) The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
vi:Tam quốc diễn nghĩa


ông ăn chả, bà ăn nem

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔan˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ ʔan˧˧ nɛm˧˧]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaŋ˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˨ ʔɓaː˦˩ ʔaŋ˧˧ nɛm˧˧]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaŋ˧˧ caː˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˨˩ ʔaŋ˧˧ nɛm˧˧]

(figurative) both the man and the woman commit their own adultery


ăn cơm trước kẻng

[ʔan˧˧ kəːm˧˧ t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦ kɛŋ˧˩]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kəːm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˧˥ kɛŋ˧˨]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kəːm˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˥ kɛŋ˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ăn cơm trước kẻng.wav

(figurative) to have sex before marriage; to have premarital sex


聖母

chữ Hán form of Thánh Mẫu (“(Catholicism) Virgin Mary”).


tác giả

[taːk̚˧˦ zaː˧˩]

[taːk̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˨]

[taːk̚˦˥ jaː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 作者, composed of 作 (“to make”) and 者 (“person”), Japanese 作者 (sakusha).


Mônica

[moŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[moŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

From Portuguese Mónica, from Latin Monica. Cognate with English Monica.


hoà tấu

[hwaː˦˩ təw˨˩˦]

[waː˨˩ təw˦˥]


禪定

chữ Hán form of thiền định (“(Buddhism) concentration in meditation”).


bệnh viện

[ʔɓəjŋ̟˧˨ʔ viən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓen˨˩ʔ viəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ viəŋ˨˩˨]

[ʔɓəːn˨˩˨ jiəŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 病院, composed of 病 (“illness”) and 院 (“institute”).


trường học

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 場學, composed of 場 (“school; venue”) and 學 (“to study”).

(formal or literary) a school (an educational institution)


ngũ uẩn

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ʔwən˧˩]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʔwəŋ˧˨]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ (ʔ)wəŋ˨˩˦]


tân văn

[təŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ vaŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ jaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 新聞, from Japanese 新聞 (shinbun), from Middle Chinese 新聞 (sin mjun).


kết hôn

[ket̚˦˧˥ hoŋ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ hoŋ˧˧]


pháo đài

[faːw˧˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[faːw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[faːw˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 炮臺 (“fort; battery”).


huynh đệ

[hwïŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗe˧˨ʔ]

[hwɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩ʔ]

[wɨn˧˧ ʔɗej˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兄弟, composed of 兄 (“elder brother”) and 弟 (“younger brother”).

tình huynh đệ

(archaic, now literary, Chinese fiction, collective) brothers

(Chinese fiction, collective) brothers and sisters; brethren (brotherhood; fellowship)


tầng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 層 (SV: tằng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tằng</i>

vi-etym-sino

tầng 1

the first floor (either (Northern Vietnam) the ground floor, or (Southern Vietnam) the floor immediately above it)

tầng trệt

tầng hầm

tầng lửng

a full-fledged mezzanine, as opposed to a gác lửng which is just a platform used in small flats


tạp chí

quyển (classifier)
cuốn (classifier)
tờ (classifier)

[taːp̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˦]

[taːp̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦]

[taːp̚˨˩˨ cɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雜誌, composed of 雜 (“mixed; miscellaneous”) and 誌 (“record”), from Japanese 雑誌 (zasshi).


nhà hát

[ɲaː˨˩ haːt̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ haːk̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ haːk̚˦˥]


đại sứ quán

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ sɨ˧˦ kwaːn˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʂɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ sɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʂɨ˦˥ waːŋ˦˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ sɨ˦˥ waːŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大使館, composed of 大使 (“ambassador”) and 館 (“building”).

an embassy (organization representing a foreign state)


chung thuỷ

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰwi˧˩]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[cʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 終始, composed of 終 (“end”) and 始 (“beginning”).

sống chung thuỷ một vợ một chồng

(literally, “to live faithfully as one wife and one husband”)

to fully commit to a monogamous marriage


quỷ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鬼 (“ghost; devil; ogre”).

nghịch như quỷ

very mischievous, very naughty, like ghosts / fiends

nhất quỷ, nhì ma, thứ ba học trò

Ghosts [rank] first, fiends second, students third [in mischievousness]

(mythology) any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit; a demon, a devil, an imp, a goblin, an ogre, an orc, an oni, etc.


thiên thần sa ngã

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˦ˀ˥]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧ ŋaː˨˩˦]


thiên thần hộ mệnh

[tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩ ho˧˨ʔ məjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩ how˨˩ʔ men˨˩ʔ]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩ how˨˩˨ məːn˨˩˨]

From thiên thần (“angel”) + Chinese 護 /护 (hù, “to safeguard”) + Chinese 命 (mìng, “life”).


Thanh Long

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青龍, composed of 青 (“blue”) and 龍 (“dragon”), from Literary Chinese 青龍 (qīnglóng).


phù thuỷ

[fʊw˦˩ tʰwɪj˧˨]

[fʊw˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 符水 (“charmed water”).

mụ phù thuỷ

thầy phù thuỷ

Trường Phù thủy và Pháp sư Hogwarts
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry

any mythical or folkloric creature who practices magic or witchcraft; a witch, warlock, wizard, charmer, enchanter, magician, etc.


ca sĩ

[kaː˧˧ si˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[kaː˧˧ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[kaː˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歌士, composed of 歌 (“to sing”) and 士 (“-ist; -ian”).


chú lùn

[t͡ɕʊw˨˩˦ lun˦˩]

[cʊw˦˥ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

(mythology, folklore, fantasy) a short humanoid creature, usually a dwarf


xì trum

[sɪj˦˩ ʈum˧˧]

[sɪj˨˩ ʈʊm˧˧]


xà lim

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xà lim.wav


xơ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 綀 (“sackcloth; coarse thread”, SV: sơ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sơ</i>

vi-etym-sino

rind (tough and unpalatable parts of produce)


nhà băng

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

nhà (“building”) + băng, from French banque (“bank”).

cướp nhà băng


vô tuyến

Sino-Vietnamese word from 無線 (“wireless”).

[vow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥]

[jow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥]


vô tuyến

Clipping of vô tuyến truyền hình (literally “wireless television”)

clipping

[vow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥]

[jow˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˦˥]


toa-lét

[twaː˧˧ lɛt̚˧˦]

[twaː˧˧ lɛt̚˦˧˥]

[t⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-toa-lét.wav


無線傳形

vô tuyến truyền hình
vô tuyến truyền hình#Vietnamese:_無線傳形

chữ Hán form of vô tuyến truyền hình (“(formal, dated) television”).


Gia Tô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 耶穌, from Mandarin 耶穌 /耶稣 (Yēsū). This form is a misspelling because it does not follow the sound conversion pattern (to which there are basically no exceptions), Middle Chinese y /j/ → Vietnamese , as applied to every other Sino-Vietnamese syllable such as yæX → , ye → , yuw → , yek → , yang → , etc. Thiều Chửu's dictionary also notes that is more of a popular spelling than a correct one, and lists it as a secondary spelling along with . Nevertheless, is more common than and is even used in history textbooks published by Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam. This is perhaps because the syllable da is usually perceived as non-Sino-Vietnamese (it is homophonous with the native word meaning "skin"), its pronunciation is identical to that of gia in most modern accents, and gia is otherwise perceived as Sino-Vietnamese (in fact, it can only be found in given names and Sino-Vietnamese compounds such as gia vị, gia đình, Gia Định). Other words that suffer this kind of common misspelling include *thiếu gia (thiếu da), *lão gia (lão da), *thái gia (thái da), etc.

(obsolete) Obsolete form of Giê-su (“Jesus”).


đạo Thiên Chúa

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ tʰiən˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ tʰiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ tʰiəŋ˧˧ cuə˦˥]

đạo (“religion”) + Thiên Chúa (“Heavenly Lord”), calque of Chinese 天主教 (Thiên Chủ giáo).

af

Thiên Chúa giáo
Thiên Chúa giáo#Vietnamese


xi-măng

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ maŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xi-măng.wav


giao long

[jaːw˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蛟龍 (“jiaolong”).

vi-etym-sino

(obsolete) a legendary aquatic serpent in Vietnamese folklore.


Hồi giáo

Sino-Vietnamese word from 回教, composed of 回 (“Hui”) and 教 (“religion”), from Chinese 回教 (Huíjiào, literally “religion of the Hui”).

der

Cộng hoà/Tiểu vương quốc Hồi giáo Áp-ga-ni-xtan

the Islamic Republic/Emirate of Afghanistan


xô-nát

bản xô-nát Ánh Trăng


pi-a-nô

[pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ no˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]

[pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ now˧˧]


vi-ô-lông

[vi˧˧ ʔo˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]


vĩ cầm

[vi˦ˀ˥ kəm˨˩]

[vɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[vɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

[jɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 尾琴, composed of 尾 (“tail”) and 琴 (“string instrument”), referring to the fact that the ribbon of the bow is traditional made from horsetail hair. In modern Vietnamese, vĩ is also the word for "bow".


ắc-coóc-đê-ông

[ʔak̚˧˦ kɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗe˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˧˥ kɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔak̚˦˥ kɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗej˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


phong cầm

[fɔŋ˧˧ kəm˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 風琴 (“organ”), perhaps shortened from Japanese 手風琴 (tefūkin, thủ phong cầm, “accordion”, literally “hand organ”).

der

(dated, music) Synonym of ắc-coóc-đê-ông (“accordion”)


oóc-gan

[ʔɔk̚˧˦ ɣaːn˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˧˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɔk̚˦˥ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


kì lân

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧]


phim ảnh

[fim˧˧ ʔajŋ̟˧˩]

[fim˧˧ ʔɛɲ˧˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-phim ảnh.wav

phim (“film; video”) + ảnh (“image; photograph”)

com

(film, television) cinema and fiction television


thơ ca

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[tʰəː˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 詩歌 (SV: thi ca), from Chinese 詩歌 /诗歌 (shīgē). Compare Japanese 詩歌 (shiika, shika).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi ca</i>

vi-etym-sino

thơ ca nhạc hoạ

poetry, singing, music and painting; the arts

(literary, literal, collective) poetry and singing


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mô-đen.wav


mô-đen

[mo˧˧ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

Mô-đen với chả mô đỏ!


Rô-ma

[ɹo˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ɹow˧˧ maː˧˧]


Héc-quyn

[hɛk̚˦˥ wɨn˧˧]

From French Hercule (“Hercules; Heracles”). As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French. The "Forbidden One" sense comes from the fact that this "Forbidden One" has infinite attack strength, and that the manga series as well as the card game Yu-Gi-Oh!, in its Chinese bootleg form, peaked during the same period as the airing of the TV show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys.


Uy-lít-xơ

[ʔwi˧˧ lit̚˧˦ səː˧˧]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ lit̚˦˧˥ səː˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ lɨt̚˦˥ səː˧˧]

Borrowed from French Ulysse (“Ulysses”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Odysseus; Ulysses


Ô-đi-xê

[ʔo˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ se˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]


I-li-át

[ʔi˧˧ li˧˧ ʔaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˥]


A-sin

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sin˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology, literature) Achilles


ngựa thành Tơ-roa

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ təː˧˧ zwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

[ŋɨə˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ təː˧˧ ɹwaː˧˧]

ngựa (“horse”) + thành (“castle; fort; city”) + Tơ-roa (“Troy”), calque of French cheval de Troie.


Bạch Tuyết

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ twiət̚˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白雪, composed of 白 (“white”) and 雪 (“snow”)

vi-etym-sino

Nàng Bạch Tuyết và bảy chú lùn


Bạch Mã Hoàng Tử

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥ hwaːŋ˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白馬 (“white horse”) and 皇子 (“imperial prince”), from Chinese 白馬王子 /白马王子 (Bạch Mã Vương Tử).


Lọ Lem

[lɔ˧˨ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩ʔ lɛm˧˧]

[lɔ˨˩˨ lɛm˧˧]

Cô bé Lọ Lem


Khăn Đỏ

[xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ
Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ#Vietnamese

Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood#English

Short for Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ (“Little Red Riding Hood”). (the main character in this story)


Cô Bé Quàng Khăn Đỏ

[ko˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˦ kwaːŋ˨˩ xan˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˦˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ kʰaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[kow˧˧ ʔɓɛ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ xaŋ˧˧ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

cô bé (“little girl”) + quàng (“to wear around the neck”) + khăn (“scarf”) + đỏ (“red”)


Hê-ra-clét

Borrowed from French Héraclès. As with other French words with a mute h, the h is "unmuted", making this also a partial orthographic borrowing from French.


Thìn

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 辰 (“fifth earthly branch”, SV: thần). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but Thìn's /-in/ is unlikely to be a Sino-Vietnamese rhyme, compared to the likely one /-ən/ in thần. See also Tí, Mẹo, Ngọ, Mùi.
Cognate with Northern Thai ᩈᩦ, Lü ᦉᦲ (ṡii), Isan สี, Lao ສີ (sī), which /-n/ is lost.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thần</i>


thổ địa

Journey to the West (1986 TV series)
Sun Wukong
Xuanzang

Short for Chinese 土地神 (thổ địa thần) or 土地公 (thổ địa công, literally “land lord; land duke”), popularized by the 1986 Chinese TV series Journey to the West, based on the way the main character Sun Wukong calls on "land spirits" for intel, usually on the local monsters that have kidnapped his master Xuanzang.

[tʰo˧˩ ʔɗiə˧˨ʔ]

[tʰow˧˨ ʔɗiə˨˩ʔ]

[tʰow˨˩˦ ʔɗiə˨˩˨]

(mythology, especially Chinese mythology or fiction) Tudigong


kết giới

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界, from Japanese 結界, introduced in Japanese manga

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime, video games) energy barrier/shield, forcefield


kết giới sư

[ket̚˧˦ zəːj˧˦ sɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[ket̚˦˧˥ jəːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ ʂɨ˧˧]

[kəːt̚˦˥ jəːj˦˥ sɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-kết giới sư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 結界師, from Japanese 結界師, introduced in the Japanese manga Kekkaishi

(fiction, fantasy, manga, anime) barrier master, kekkaishi


đàn hạc

[ʔɗaːn˨˩ haːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ haːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ haːk̚˨˩˨]


Na Tra

[naː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

[naː˧˧ ʈaː˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 哪吒 (SV: Na Trá).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Na Trá</i>


Dương Tiễn

[zɨəŋ˧˧ tiən˦ˀ˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊戩 (SV: Dương Tiển).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Dương Tiển</i>


á thần

[ʔaː˧˦ tʰən˨˩]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[ʔaː˦˥ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞神, composed of 亞 (“sub-”) and 神 (“god”). The prefix 亞 denotes secondariness or lesserness rather than the notion of a demigod as a genealogical "half-god". Japanese 亜神 (ashin, “demigod”) and Japanese 亜人 (ajin, á nhân, “demihuman”) are also found in contemporary fantasy.

Hồ sơ á thần

(neologism, mythology, fantasy) Synonym of bán thần (“a demigod”)


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 死神, composed of 死 (“death”) and 神 (“god”).

a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami


Phù Tang

[fu˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˩ taːŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ taːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 扶桑 (an alternate Chinese name of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), derived from the name of a legendary tree that was said to have grown somewhere in the East China Sea (東海 /东海 (Dōnghǎi)), where the sun rose. The name was also used to refer to the sun, and a legendary country that was located in the East.

(literary, Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


Phong Thần

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 封神, literally "to assign for godship", short for Phong Thần Diễn Nghĩa, from Chinese 封神演義 /封神演义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì)

(colloquial) any work (TV series, video games, etc.) based on the novel


Ra-ma-ya-na

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔiə˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɹaː˧˧ maː˧˧ jaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

(literature, poetry, epic poetry) Ramayana


A-nhi

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɲɪj˧˧]


Nô-bi-ta

[no˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

[now˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ taː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nô-bi-ta.wav

(hyphenation) Uncommon spelling of Nôbita.


Sở Khanh

[səː˧˩ xajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʂəː˧˨ kʰɛɲ˧˧]

[səː˧˨ xɛɲ˧˧]

[ʂəː˨˩˦ kʰan˧˧]

[səː˨˩˦ xan˧˧]

(literature) a character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was infamous for cheating on women, including the title character, Thuý Kiều; he is usually considered the equivalent of Don Juan

(literature) that same character from Qingxin Cairen's Jin Yun Qiao, on which Nguyễn Du's work was based


Bụt

[ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 佛 (“Buddha”, SV: Phật), from Pali buddha (“awakened; enlightened”) or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha). Doublet of Phật.
While originally (and still) denoted the Buddha, the popular depiction of a Bụt shifted to resemble more closely that of a stereotypical Taoist immortal instead.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Phật</i>

vi-etym-sino

Chúng ta biết rằng hơn 400 năm sau khi Bụt nhập diệt, kinh điển mới được chép thành văn.

2009, Thích Nhất Hạnh, Trái tim của Bụt, NXB Tổng hợp TP. Hồ Chí Minh, page 7:

We know that it was only over 400 years after the Buddha passed away that the classics were committed to writing.

Ông Bụt bất ngờ hiện ra, hỏi: "Vì sao con khóc?"
Mr Bụt suddenly appeared and asked, "Why are you crying, my dear child?"

(folklore) a wise and kind old man, usually depicted with a white beard and white clothes, who often appears when the protagonist of a folkloric tale is crying aloud for help and who grants them wishes, comparable to the fairy godmother in Western fairy tales


Phật giáo

[fət̚˧˨ʔ zaːw˧˦]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ jaːw˨˩˦]

[fək̚˨˩˨ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 佛教, composed of 佛 (“Buddha”) and 教 (“religion; teachings”).


phim kinh dị

[fim˧˧ kïŋ˧˧ zi˧˨ʔ]

[fim˧˧ kɨn˧˧ jɪj˨˩ʔ]

[fim˧˧ kɨn˧˧ jɪj˨˩˨]


Nho giáo

[ɲɔ˧˧ zaːw˧˦]

[ɲɔ˧˧ jaːw˨˩˦]

[ɲɔ˧˧ jaːw˦˥]


Nho học

[ɲɔ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɔ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɔ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


Khổng giáo

[xəwŋ͡m˧˩ zaːw˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ jaːw˨˩˦]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˨ jaːw˨˩˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ jaːw˦˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 孔教, composed of 孔 (“Confucius”) and 教 (“teaching”).


gác

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 閣 (“pavillion”, SV: các).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">các</i>


gác-măng-giê

[ɣaːk̚˧˦ maŋ˧˧ ze˧˧]

[ɣaːk̚˦˧˥ maŋ˧˧ jej˧˧]

[ɣaːk̚˦˥ maŋ˧˧ jej˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-gác-măng-giê.wav


âm li

[ʔəm˧˧ li˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[ʔəm˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

From French amplifier with phono-semantic matching from âm (“sound”).


Kinh Thánh

[kïŋ˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[kɨn˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

kinh (“holy book”) + thánh (“holy; sacred”), calque of Chinese 聖經 /圣经 (Thánh Kinh), following the head-initial structure of Vietnamese, instead of head-final in the original language.
Compare Kinh Dịch (“Yijing”), Kinh Thi (“Shijing”), which are also much more common than their counterparts with original head-final structure.

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Thánh Kinh</i>


Thần đạo

[tʰən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 神道, composed of 神 (“god; kami”) and 道 (“way”), from Japanese 神道 (Shintō)


Do Thái

[zɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˧˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˨˩˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 猶太 (“Judea; Jewish”), from Mandarin 猶太 /犹太 (Yóutài). Compare Korean 유대 (Yudae, “Judea; Jewish”). Doublet of Giu-đê (“Judea”) and Giu-dêu (“Jewish ~ Jews (obsolete)”).

doublet

(biblical, Catholicism, loosely) Synonym of Hê-bơ-rơ (“Hebrew”)


Do Thái giáo

[zɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˧˦ zaːw˧˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˨˩˦ jaːw˨˩˦]

[jɔ˧˧ tʰaːj˦˥ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 猶太教, composed of 猶太 (“Jewish”) and 教 (“religion”).


Đạo giáo

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ʔ zaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩ʔ jaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˨ jaːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 道教, composed of 道 (“way”) and 教 (“religion”).


Giê-xu

Đây là gia phổ của Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-xu. Ngài xuất thân từ dòng họ Đa-vít, Đa-vít xuất thân từ dòng họ Áp-ra-ham.

(Can we date this quote?), “Ma-thi-ơ 1 [Matthew 1]”, in Thánh Kinh - Bản phổ thông [The Holy Bible: The Popular Version]:

This is the genealogy of the Messiah Jesus. He was descended from the lineage of David, and David was descended from the lineage of Abraham.

Đây là gia phả của Chúa Cứu Thế Giê-xu, theo dòng dõi Đa-vít và Áp-ra-ham:

(Can we date this quote?), “Mã-thi 1 [Matthew 1]”, in Kinh Thánh - Bản diễn ý [The Holy Bible: The Pithy Version]:

This is the genealogy of the Messiah Jesus, based on the lineage of David and Abraham:

(Protestantism) Alternative spelling of Giê-su (“Jesus”)


Hoạn thư

[hwaːn˧˨ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɨ˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɨ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 宦姐 (SV: Hoạn tả), short for Chinese 宦小姐 (Hoạn tiểu tả, “Miss Huan”), originated in Qingxin Cairen's Jin Yun Qiao

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Hoạn tả</i>

bor

Hoạn <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tiểu tả</i>

(literature) a female character from Nguyễn Du's Tale of Kiều, who was known for her jealousy


truyền thuyết

[t͡ɕwiən˨˩ tʰwiət̚˧˦]

[ʈwiəŋ˦˩ tʰwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʈ⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]


cuồng sát

[kuəŋ˨˩ saːt̚˧˦]

[kuəŋ˦˩ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kuəŋ˦˩ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[kuəŋ˨˩ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[kuəŋ˨˩ saːk̚˦˥]

From cuồng (狂) (“crazy”) + sát (殺) (“to kill”), probable calque of Chinese 殺人狂 /杀人狂 (sát nhân cuồng).

cal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sát nhân</i> cuồng

(video games, slang) to have a strong urge to kill


hải đăng

[haːj˧˩ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海 (“sea”) and 燈 (“lamp”).


ma nữ

[maː˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔女 (“witch”), literally "magical female". The syllable ma is often associated with its non-Sino-Vietnamese meaning (which is "ghost"), hence the common misapplication of the term.
Alternatively, simply from a compound of ma (“ghost”) + nữ (“female”).

(fiction) the ghost of a dead girl or woman


lớp

head

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

vi-noun

立, 笠, 泣, 垃, 𧙀

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lớp.wav

Lớp 1, Cảnh 1


hài kịch

[haːj˨˩ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˦˩ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˨˩ kɨt̚˨˩˨]


hí kịch

[hi˧˦ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[hɪj˨˩˦ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[hɪj˦˥ kɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 喜劇 (“comedy”).


bi kịch

[ʔɓi˧˧ kïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ kɨt̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 悲劇 (“tragedy”).

vi-etym-sino

1851 December 3, Friedrich Engels, “Engels to Marx in London [Manchester]”; 2010 [1982], English translation from MECW (Marx/Engels Collected Works), “Vol. 38”; 1996, Vietnamese translation from C. Mác và. Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập (K. Marx & F. Engels Complete Works), “Vol. 27”
Thật thế, tưởng như lịch sử, trong vai trò tinh thần thế giới, được dẫn dắt bởi ông già Hê-ghen trong mộ, với thái độ vô cùng trung thực, ông già ấy buộc tất cả các sự kiện phải lặp lại hai lần: lần thứ nhât dưới dạng tấn bi kịch vĩ đại và lần thứ hai dưới dạng một trò hề thảm hại.
… and it really seems as though old Hegel, in the guise of the World Spirit, were directing history from the grave and, with the greatest conscientiousness, causing everything to be re-enacted twice over, once as grand tragedy and the second time as rotten farce, …

1851 December - 1852 March, Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, “Chapter I”; 2010 [1976], English translation from MECW, “Vol. 11”; 2004, Vietnamese translation from C. Mác và. Ph. Ăng-ghen Toàn tập, “Vol. 8”
Hê-ghen có nhận xét ở đâu đó rằng tất cả những sự biến lớn và nhân vật lớn trong lịch sử thế giới đều có thể nói là xuất hiện hai lần. Ông ta đã quên nói thêm rằng: lần đầu như một bi kịch, lần thứ hai như một trò hề.
Hegel remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in world history occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second as farce.


Thuỷ Tinh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水精, composed of 水 (“water”) and 精 (“spirit”).

[tʰwi˧˩ tïŋ˧˧]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ tɨn˧˧]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ tɨn˧˧]

natural disaster
natural disaster#English

the Water Spirit, a legendary figure, the personification of natural disasters such as storms, flood, etc., and the archenemy of Sơn Tinh, featured in the myth of Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh


nhà bếp

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓep̚˧˦]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓep̚˦˧˥]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓep̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-nhà bếp.wav


bị Tào Tháo đuổi

[ʔɓi˧˨ʔ taːw˨˩ tʰaːw˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˩]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩ʔ taːw˦˩ tʰaːw˨˩˦ ʔɗuj˧˨]

[ʔɓɪj˨˩˨ taːw˨˩ tʰaːw˦˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bị Tào Tháo đuổi.wav

(figurative, humorous) to rush to the toilet due to diarrhea; to literally run because of the runs


tổng lãnh thiên thần

[təwŋ͡m˧˩ lajŋ̟˦ˀ˥ tʰiən˧˧ tʰən˨˩]

[təwŋ͡m˧˨ lɛɲ˧˨ tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[təwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lan˨˩˦ tʰiəŋ˧˧ tʰəŋ˨˩]


tứ quý

[tɨ˨˩˦ kwɪj˨˩˦]

[tɨ˦˥ wɪj˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tứ quý.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四季 (“four seasons”).

holy days of obligation
holy days of obligation

(Roman Catholicism) The four most holy days of obligation: Christmas, Ascension, Assumption, and All Saints' Day.


vần

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 韻 (“rhyme”, SV: vận).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vận</i>

vi-etym-sino

vần bằng

syllable with either the ngang or the huyền tone

vần trắc


hiệp vần

[hiəp̚˧˨ʔ vən˨˩]

[hiəp̚˨˩ʔ vəŋ˦˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ vəŋ˨˩]

[hip̚˨˩˨ jəŋ˨˩]

(poetry, of lines) to "rhyme", by ending in rhymes with the same trắc or bằng tones (e.g. ngang-ngang or huyền-ngang, but not ngang-sắc), and mostly the same, but sometimes permissible loosely similar, vowel-consonant sequences


lâu đài

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˦˩]

[ləw˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 樓臺, composed of 樓 (“storied building”) and 臺 (“tower; platform”).


Bạch Dương

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bạch Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白羊 (“white sheep”).


chiêm tinh học

[t͡ɕiəm˧˧ tïŋ˧˧ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕiəm˧˧ tɨn˧˧ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]