mo

quạt mo


mun

From Proto-Vietic *ɓuːɲ (“ashes”). Cognate with Muong bunh.


gan

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gan.wav

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese 肝 (OC *s.kˤa[r]) (SV: can). Attested as gan in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). Cognate with Chut [Rục] təkaːn¹ ("bold").
Displaced native lòm, now only found in the compounds đỏ lòm and chua lòm.


bò

head

bò • (𨁏, 𨄳, 蒲, 𨆶)

vi-verb

bò • (𨁏, 𨄳, 蒲, 𨆶)

From Proto-Vietic *bɔː (“to crawl; to drag”).

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bò.wav

Mướp bò lên giàn.

(botany) to creep (to grow across a surface rather than upwards); to climb (to grow upwards by clinging to something)


hoa

bông (classifier)
đoá (classifier)
huê (alternative)
ba (alternative)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 花. The "capital" sense probably comes from the flourishes of the cursive capital letters that are commonly taught in elementary schools; even cursive lower-case letters don't have as many flourishes, which explains the distinction.
The form ba is attested in some Central dialects, most notably from the placename Đông Ba.

cánh hoa


bầu

head

bầu • (蔀, ⿱艹瓿)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
蔀 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 匏 (“gourd”, SV: biều, bào).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">biều, bào</i>

vi-etym-sino

(botany) ovary (lower part of a pistil or carpel that bears ovules)


năng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 菱 (SV: lăng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lăng</i>

vi-etym-sino

(botany) Short for cỏ năng (“water chestnut”).


noãn

Sino-Vietnamese word from 卵 (“egg”), from Middle Chinese 卵 (lwan^X). The Chinese word is originally zoological, but the Vietnamese derivation is strictly botanical. Compare Sichuanese Chinese 卵 (nuan³), Korean 卵 (nan). Compare also similar alteration in Romance descendants of Latin libella, such as French niveau. See also nói ngọng.


đánh

head

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

vi-verb

đánh • (打, 𢱏)

Audio (Hà Nội)

From Proto-Vietic *taːɲʔ; cognate with Muong đénh. Related to Chinese 打 (MC taengX|tengX, “to hit, to strike”) (SV: đả).

ltc-l

Cây này mà đánh sang chỗ tôi thì đẹp phải biết.

If only I could get a cut of this tree for myself, it would be simply fabulous!

(horticulture, somewhat dated) to transplant a piece of plant cutting


cánh

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cánh.wav

From Proto-Vietic *kɛːŋʔ, from Proto-Austroasiatic *kiəŋ (“elbow”) (not listed in Sidwell (2024) but compare Proto-Austroasiatic *miəŋˀ (“mouth”) (whence miếng/mánh)).
Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895) records the now obsolete form written as kiến. Considering that this dictionary is based on Southern Vietnamese when the /n > ŋ/ shift already occurred, the form intended here would be etymologically spelled as kiếng (cf. the "kiến" for "glass" entry right below). This kiếng/cánh pair represents the diphthongized and undiphthongized variants respectively, in the same vein of miếng/mánh.

cánh hoa


giống

From Proto-Vietic *k-coːŋʔ, from a descendant of reconstructed Old Chinese 種 (OC *k.toŋʔ) when the dental stop already palatalized; non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 種 (“seed; species”, SV: chủng). Doublet of chủng.
The same sound change also yields Vietnamese giấy, from Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ, from a descendant of ultimately Old Chinese 紙 (OC *k.teʔ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chủng</i>


cối xay

vi:Cây cối xay
vi:Cối xay (cờ vua)
vi:Cối xay thóc


thực vật

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 植物, composed of 植 (“to plant”) and 物 (“thing”).

(chiefly biology, botany) a plant (organism capable of photosynthesis)


ải

(botany, of plants' organic matter) crumbling easily and no longer sturdy, having succumbed to years of exposure to rain and sun


đơn

đơn trắng


vườn

khu (classifier)
mảnh (classifier)
𡑰 (CJK)

Chut: /vɨə̀n/

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vườn.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 園 (“garden”, SV: viên).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">viên</i>


ngó

head

𦬶, 藕, 𥾿, 𦲼, 󰓺

vi-noun

𦬶, 藕, 𥾿, 𦲼, 󰓺

From Old Chinese 藕 (OC *C.ŋˤ(r)oʔ) (B-S) (SV: ngẫu).

newly sprang bud (of lotus or water-taro)


phấn

(classifier cục / viên / hòn (“chalk”)) phấn

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
hòn (classifier)

phấn hoa

thụ phấn


thụ

thụ tinh

thụ phấn

(zoology, botany, of a male organism or its reproductive parts, only in compounds) to give something to fertilize


quang hợp

[kwaːŋ˧˧ həːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˧ həːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˧˧ həːp̚˨˩˨]


thực vật học

[tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ hawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ hawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

[tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨ hawk͡p̚˨˩˨]


hạt giống

[haːt̚˧˨ʔ zəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[haːk̚˨˩ʔ jəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[haːk̚˨˩˨ jəwŋ͡m˦˥]

hạt (“small particle”) + giống (“cultivar”). Also a semantic loan from English seed.


hạch

Sino-Vietnamese word from 核. Doublet of hạt.

quả hạch


vườn bách thảo

[vɨən˨˩ ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ tʰaːw˧˩]

[vɨəŋ˦˩ ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ tʰaːw˧˨]

[vɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɓat̚˦˥ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˨˩ ʔɓat̚˦˥ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vườn bách thảo.wav


giao phối

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-giao phối.wav


rau câu

[ʐaw˧˧ kəw˧˧]

From rau (“leaf vegetable”) + câu (the name of the plant). The term was originally used to refer to red algae of the genus Gracilaria, and later to jelly. These red algae are a source of agar, a gelatin substitute in jelly.


bẹ

head

bẹ • (備, 梐, 瓣, 𠹯)

vi-noun

(classifier cây (“corn, maize”)) bẹ • (備, 梐, 瓣, 𠹯)

cây (classifier)
備 (CJK)
梐 (CJK)
瓣 (CJK)
𠹯 (CJK)


khí khổng

[xi˧˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˩]

[kʰɪj˨˩˦ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨]

[xɪj˨˩˦ xəwŋ͡m˧˨]

[kʰɪj˦˥ kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

[xɪj˦˥ xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦]


dây leo

[zəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

dây (“string or rope”) + leo (“to climb”).

af

vine (any similar climbing or trailing plant)


ăn thịt

[ʔan˧˧ tʰit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ tʰit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ tʰɨt̚˨˩˨]


bắp chuối

[ʔɓap̚˧˦ t͡ɕuəj˧˦]

[ʔɓap̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕuj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓap̚˦˥ cuj˦˥]

bắp (“banana blossom”) + chuối (“banana”).


cuốc chĩa

[kuək̚˧˦ t͡ɕiə˦ˀ˥]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕiə˧˨]

[kuək̚˦˥ ciə˨˩˦]

(horticulture) a double hoe (combined hoe and pitchfork)


dương xỉ

[zɨəŋ˧˧ si˧˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 羊 (“sheep”) and 齒 (“tooth”), apparently a rather recent borrowing from Mandarin.
Earlier terms for "fern" are đuôi chồn, lit. "weasel tail" and quán trọng (貫仲), as listed in Dictionarium latino-anamiticum (1838) for Latin filix. In Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895), quán trọng is defined as "medicinal ingredient" (vị thuốc).


lả

Hàng cây lả ngọn.

The line of trees whose top are drooping.


bao hoa

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˧˧ waː˧˧]


di thực

[zi˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[jɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɪj˧˧ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

(botany) to acclimatize (a plant), to transplant to a new environment


head

nhất canh trì, nhị canh viên, tam canh điền

(agriculture) in order of ease, low overhead and profitability, aquaculture, horticulture and rice culture


thụ phấn

[tʰu˧˨ʔ fən˧˦]

[tʰʊw˨˩ʔ fəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰʊw˨˩˨ fəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 授 (“to give”) and 粉 (“pollen”) or Sino-Vietnamese word from 受 (“to take”) and 粉. Compare Japanese 授粉, 受粉 (jufun), Korean 수분 (subun).


lá cây

[laː˧˦ kəj˧˧]

[laː˨˩˦ kəj˧˧]

[laː˦˥ kəj˧˧]


cây nhiệt đới

[kəj˧˧ ɲiət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəːj˧˦]

[kəj˧˧ ɲiək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəːj˨˩˦]

[kəj˧˧ ɲiək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəːj˦˥]

(historical) kind of camouflaged acoubuoy employed by the Americans during the Vietnam War, formally known as Air Delivered Seismic Intrusion Detector (abbr. ADSID)


quày

(botany) clump of fruits on the end of a branch (as of dates and bananas)


lưu niên

[lɨw˧˧ niəŋ˧˧]

[lɨw˧˧ niəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 留 and 年. Most likely also a phono-semantic matching with the native compound lâu năm (“perennial”).

Coordinate term: hàng năm


đòng đòng

head

đòng đòng • (同同, 茼茼, 秱秱)

vi-noun

đòng đòng • (同同, 茼茼, 秱秱)

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˩ ʔɗɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩]


thì là Ai Cập

[tʰi˨˩ laː˨˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɪj˦˩ laː˦˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɪj˨˩ laː˨˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩˨]

Cuminum cyminum
Cuminum cyminum#Translingual

(botany, cooking) cumin (Cuminum cyminum)


quéo

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
𣐲 (CJK)

(botany) Mangifera reba, syn. Mangifera gedebe, similar to the mango but with fruit that is smaller and less sweet


xoài hôi

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[s⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩ hoj˧˧]

xoài (“mango”) + hôi (“foul”). Compare the scientific name.

(botany) horse mango (Mangifera foetida), a species of flowering plant in the Mangifera (mango genus).


hương nhu tía

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲu˧˧ tiə˧˦]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧ tiə˨˩˦]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧ tiə˦˥]

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual

(botany) holy basil, tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum)