om

om cá

om chuối

nồi om


rim

Cam sành chê đắng chê hôi,
Hồng rim chê lạt, thuốc chồi khen ngon.

to cook food with a small amount of water over a period of time in order for salt or sugar to penetrate the food


ram

sườn ram

(cooking) to sauté then braise with added water or coconut water


quay

head

𢮿, 虧, 𢵴, 乖, 怪, 外

vi-verb

𢮿, 虧, 𢵴, 乖, 怪, 外

𢮿 (CJK)
虧 (CJK)
𢵴 (CJK)
乖 (CJK)
怪 (CJK)
外 (CJK)


đũa

head

đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, cây) đũa • (箸, 筷, 杜, 𥮊)

chiếc (classifier)
cây (classifier)
箸 (CJK)
筷 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𥮊 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 箸 (“chopstick”, SV: trợ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trợ</i>

đũa cả

large flat chopstick used to serve rice from a pot

cặp/đôi đũa lệch

(figurative, humorous) a pair with a significant height difference (literally, “an uneven pair of chopsticks”)


trã

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
𡋿 (CJK)
捛 (CJK)

Compare Chut kleː¹ (“rice cooking pot”), Khmer ឃ្លះ (khlĕəh, “pottery cooking vessel”), Koho glah (“cooking pot”), Chrau glah (“clay pot”).

cog

wide-mouthed, shallow-based, earthenware cooking pot


dao

con (classifier)
刀 (CJK)
釖 (CJK)
鉸 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-taːw, from Old Chinese 刀 (OC *C.tˤaw) (B-S) (SV: đao). Compare North Central Vietnamese đao (“knife”).
This word was borrowed at a stage when the Sinitic word still retained the preinitial, thus causing lenition: *-t- > Middle Vietnamese dĕao [ðj-] > modern [z- ~ j-]. The Sino-Vietnamese reading đao, on the other hand, derived from Middle Chinese 刀 (MC taw) when the onset already simplified and resulted in a stop. The North Central đao, although formally identical to the more recent Sino-Vietnamese reading, belongs to the same stratum as dao, as indicated by the meaning "knife", due to the fact that these dialects did not undergo lenition to as large an extent.

dao bếp


tiêu

(cooking) several plants – of the genus Xanthoxylum and the family Piperaceae – which are used as spices; pepper (excluding chilli pepper)


xanh

head

xanh • (撑, 𩇛, 𩇢, 𫕹) (diminutive reduplication xanh xanh)

撑 (CJK)
𩇛 (CJK)
𩇢 (CJK)
𫕹 (CJK)
xanh xanh (diminutive reduplication)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 青 (“grue”, SV: thanh).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thanh</i>

vi-etym-sino

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-xanh.wav

người đầu bạc tiễn kẻ đầu xanh

"the young perish and the old linger"; the old watch the young die (literally, “the "silver-haired" say goodbye to the "green-haired"”)

Tóc nào hãy còn xanh, cho ta chút hồn nhiên.

(Can we date this quote?), Trịnh Công Sơn (lyrics and music), “Ru ta ngậm ngùi [Lull Me with Your Sorrow]”:

Whose hair is still black, granting me a tad of innocence?

Được yêu em đến khi bạc mái đầu xanh.

(Can we date this quote?), Minh Khang (lyrics and music), “Lời nguyền [The Oath]”:

That I could love you until our black hair turns gray.

(literary, of people's head hair) youthfully black


niêu

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) niêu • (㙘, 𡋁, 𡒭, 𦉗)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
㙘 (CJK)
𡋁 (CJK)
𡒭 (CJK)
𦉗 (CJK)


chiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氈 (“felt (textile material)”). Semantically parallel to cừu (“sheep”) from 裘 (“fur coat”).

vi-etym-sino

Tấm đắp duy nhất của cụ là một chiếc chăn chiên, lâu ngày những sợi bông rụng dần, còn lại chủ yếu là những sợi chỉ, căng lên trông như mắt lưới.

2009, Bùi Thanh Minh, chapter 3, in Cõi đời hư thực, NXB Hà Nội:

His only cover was an imitation fur blanket; the cotton fiber had started coming loose a long time ago and what was left was mostly thread: spread out it looked like a net.


thìa

cái (classifier)
𠤧 (CJK)
𣼮 (CJK)
𨫉 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 匙 (“spoon”, SV: thi). Compare chìa.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>

vi-etym-sino

(Northern Vietnam) spoon (scooped utensil for eating (or serving))


thập cẩm

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ kəm˧˩]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ kəm˧˨]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ kəm˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thập cẩm.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 什錦, composed of 什 (“ten”) and 錦 (“brocade”) but metaphorically thập cẩm means 'numerous and varied'.


món

Indicates food dishes and valuable things, such as money, gifts, jewelry, etc.


món

Likely an extension of etymology 1, with possible semantic influence from môn (“subject”).

(rare) Indicates subjects and fields of study, such as math, martial arts, etc.


nêm

From an infixed form of a root that gave rise to chêm (“to wedge”).

to wedge; to drive a wedge; to thrust a wedge


bánh sừng bò

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bánh sừng bò.wav

From bánh (“cake, pastry”) + sừng (“horn”) + bò (“bovine”).


bánh

vi-noun

(classifier chiếc, tấm, ổ) bánh • (𩛄, 餅)

chiếc (classifier)
tấm (classifier)
ổ (classifier)
𩛄 (CJK)
餅 (CJK)

Khmer: បាញ់ (bañ)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餅 (“flour-based food”, SV: bính). Cognate with Muong pẻng, Thai แป้ง (bpɛ̂ɛng), Lao ແປ້ງ (pǣng).
A folk etymology claims that bánh is a corruption of French pain. http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2013/04/18/banh-mi--le-sandwich-viet_n_3110030.html However, this is clearly false as the word is attested in early Vietnamese texts such as Cư trần lạc đạo phú (居塵樂道賦, 13th century) and Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經, 12th century), which were published long before French contact with Vietnam.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bính</i>

vi-etym-sino

bánh phở

(cooking) certain types of noodles in their raw forms


nồi

cái (classifier)
㘨 (CJK)
内 (CJK)
堝 (CJK)

lọ nồi

a cooking pot; compare hũ (“storage pot”)


hấp

hấp bánh bao


cháy

From Proto-Vietic *k-carʔ (“fire, conflagration”). Cognate with Muong chẳl, Bo kacarʔ, Arem calʔ.


nấu

head

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

vi-verb

𤒛, 𤍇, 耨, 𤋷, 惱, 搙

𤒛 (CJK)
𤍇 (CJK)
耨 (CJK)
𤋷 (CJK)
惱 (CJK)
搙 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *ɗoːʔ. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] dɔː³.

nấu cơm


mọc

cục (classifier)
viên (classifier)
𦙣 (CJK)

According to folk etymology: derived from the name of the Kẻ Mọc area (tên Nôm of the Nhân Mục (仁睦) villages) in current-day Hanoi, where the dish bún mọc is said to originate.

(cooking) meatballs served in some noodle dishes


luộc

From a Tai language; compare Proto-Tai *luəkᴰ (“to scald”) (whence Thai ลวก (lûuak)). Compare also Cantonese 淥／渌 (luk6, “to boil; to scald”), which represents a Tai substrate.

cog

Lão chỉ mặc độc chiếc quần đùi: da mặt, da lưng đỏ như cua luộc.

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 2, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

He only wore his shorts; the skin on his face and back was red as boiled crab.


chè sâm bổ lượng

[t͡ɕɛ˨˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˩ lɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɛ˦˩ ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓow˧˨ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[t͡ɕɛ˦˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓow˧˨ lɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[cɛ˨˩ ʂəm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[cɛ˨˩ səm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˦ lɨəŋ˨˩˨]

(cooking) A cold, sweet Vietnamese soup of Cantonese origin


chảo

cái (classifier)
草 (CJK)
早 (CJK)
𨥿 (CJK)
鉊 (CJK)

chảo chống dính

a pan-like item of cookware; a pan, a wok, etc.


đồ

head

圖, 龱, 徒, 途, 塗, 𣘊

đồ • (圖, 龱, 徒, 途, 塗, 𣘊)

vi-noun

圖, 龱, 徒, 途, 塗, 𣘊

đồ • (圖, 龱, 徒, 途, 塗, 𣘊)

圖 (CJK)
龱 (CJK)
徒 (CJK)
途 (CJK)
塗 (CJK)
𣘊 (CJK)

(collective) unspecified stuff or things

đồ tây


đồ

Đồ chó má!

Đồ vũ phu!

Đồ độc ác!

Đồ ngu!

(derogatory) A contemptible person. Used with nouns or adjectives to form insults.


đồ

From Proto-Vietic *doː. Cognate with Muong tồ.

đồ xôi


đồ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 圖 (“diagram; chart; map; picture”).


chín

head

㐱, 𠃩, 𤇪, 𤒙, 𤇢

vi-adj

㐱, 𠃩, 𤇪, 𤒙, 𤇢

From Proto-Vietic *ciːnʔ (“cooked; ripe”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciinʔ (“cooked”). Cognates include Muong chỉn, Khmer ឆ្អិន (chʼən), Mon စိန်, Bahnar sĭn, Pacoh chein, Mang θiːn² and Bolyu tɕin⁵³.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chín.wav


ướp

head

ướp • (押, 浥)

vi-verb

ướp • (押, 浥)

Borrowed from Tai, compare Proto-Tai *ʔɯǝpᴰ (“to salt”).

(cooking) to salt meat or fish with salt or nước mắm, or to further spice them up with other spices or condiments


nhãn nhục

[ɲaːn˦ˀ˥ ɲʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaːŋ˧˨ ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲaːŋ˨˩˦ ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 眼肉, as in long nhãn nhục (龍眼肉).

(cooking) A type of drink or chè made with longan.


muỗng

cái (classifier)
𢳠 (CJK)
𨮒 (CJK)
𨮵 (CJK)

From a Tai language. Compare Lao ບ່ວງ (būang).

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) spoon


cốt-lết

[kok̚˦˧˥ let̚˦˧˥]

[kok̚˦˥ ləːt̚˦˥]


nguyên liệu

[ŋwiən˧˧ liəw˧˨ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩ʔ]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ liw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 原料, composed of 原 (“original”) and 料 (“material”).


xào

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 炒 (“stir fry”, SV: sao).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sao</i>

vi-etym-sino

phở xào


công thức

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˧˥]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰɨk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 公式, composed of 公 (“public; common”) and 式 (“ritual; type”).

công thức nấu ăn


bếp

bếp lò


lò

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 爐 (SV: lô).
Doublet of lẩu.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">lô</i>

vi-etym-sino

bếp lò

cái lò


nồi cơm điện

[noj˨˩ kəːm˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ]

[noj˦˩ kəːm˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[noj˨˩ kəːm˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨]

nồi (“cooking pot”) + cơm (“cooked rice”) + điện (“electric”).


thớt

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) thớt • (橽, 𣐆, 𣘄)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
橽 (CJK)
𣐆 (CJK)
𣘄 (CJK)


muôi

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
枚 (CJK)

(Northern Vietnam) a ladle (deep-bowled spoon with a long, usually curved, handle)


vỉ

head

vỉ • (尾, 彼, 偉)

cái (classifier)
尾 (CJK)
彼 (CJK)
偉 (CJK)

trellis matting (used to lag bottom of a double boiler (chõ), usually made of bamboo)


nếm

nếm canh

nếm thử miếng bánh

to taste a piece of bánh and check its flavor

(transitive, especially cooking) to taste in order to check the flavor


nướng

From Proto-Vietic *ɗaːŋʔ (“to roast”). Maleng daːŋ³.

cá nướng

(cooking) to roast or grill (usually meat or fish) directly over fire or charcoal; compare quay (“to spit-roast”) and rang (“to roast in a pan”)

lò nướng bánh


chõ

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
祖 (CJK)
𡓇 (CJK)
𡊲 (CJK)

Related to xỏ (“to thread”), through an affixed form.

(cooking) a steam boiler (often for sticky rice); steamer


găm

thịt dê găm tỏi

(cooking) to rub (to spread a substance thinly over)


phuốc-sét

[fuək̚˧˦ sɛt̚˧˦]

[fuək̚˦˧˥ ʂɛt̚˦˧˥]

[fuək̚˦˧˥ sɛt̚˦˧˥]

[fuək̚˦˥ ʂɛk̚˦˥]

[fuək̚˦˥ sɛk̚˦˥]

(obsolete) Synonym of nĩa (“fork”) (eating utensil)


ninh

funnel-shaped cooking pot with straps, commonly used by the Tày people of Vietnam to steam food


hăng-gô

[haŋ˧˧ ɣo˧˧]

[haŋ˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[haŋ˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

Thúy cầm hăng gô cơm lên, giọng chị đanh lại:[…]

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 10, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

Thuý picked up the billycan with rice; her voice turned hard: […]


bánh canh cua

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˧ kuə˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ kɛɲ˧˧ kuə˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ kan˧˧ kuə˧˧]

bánh canh (“thick noodle soup”) + cua (“crab”).

com

(cooking) a kind of soup with crabmeat and thick noodles (typically in pork broth)


bánh sừng trâu

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ sɨŋ˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʂɨŋ˦˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ sɨŋ˦˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʂɨŋ˨˩ ʈəw˧˧]

[ʔɓan˦˥ sɨŋ˨˩ ʈəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bánh sừng trâu.wav

bánh (“pastry”) + sừng (“horn”) + trâu (“buffalo”).

(cooking) a food made of sticky rice wrapped in leaves in the shape of a long triangle


bánh tráng nướng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˦ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʈaːŋ˦˧˥ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʈaːŋ˦˥ nɨəŋ˦˥]

bánh tráng (“rice paper”) + nướng (“to grill”).

(cooking) a rice paper pizza (but with the sauce typically drizzled on top)

(cooking) a thick rice cracker (often with peanuts, sesame seeds, tapioca, and mung bean powder mixed in)


bánh đa nướng

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[ʔɓan˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɨəŋ˦˥]

bánh đa (“rice cracker”) + nướng (“to grill”).


bò né

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ nɛ˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ nɛ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ nɛ˦˥]

bò (“bovine; beef”) + né (“to avoid”). Folk etymology claims one wants "to avoid" the hot oil that can shoot up.

(cooking) a food dish consisting of an egg, beef, and pâté (topped with onion and cilantro) and served on a skillet


bún ốc

[ʔɓun˧˦ ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓun˦˧˥ ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥]

bún (“rice vermicelli”) + ốc (“mollusc; snail”).

(cooking) snail rice vermicelli soup (often with added tofu, mint, and vegetables)


cá thính

[kaː˧˦ tʰïŋ˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰɨn˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ tʰɨn˦˥]


đậu xị

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ si˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ sɪj˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 豆豉 (SV: đậu thị).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đậu thị</i>

vi-etym-sino

(cooking and medicine) douchi; fermented soybeans (often black, but sometimes white or brown)


lò nướng

[lɔ˨˩ nɨəŋ˧˦]

[lɔ˦˩ nɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[lɔ˨˩ nɨəŋ˦˥]


lèo

(cooking, only in compounds) broth; stock


máy xay

máy xay sinh tố
máy xay sinh tố#Vietnamese


nồi áp suất

[noj˨˩ ʔaːp̚˧˦ swət̚˧˦]

[noj˦˩ ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ ʂwək̚˦˧˥]

[noj˦˩ ʔaːp̚˦˧˥ swək̚˦˧˥]

[noj˨˩ ʔaːp̚˦˥ ʂ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

[noj˨˩ ʔaːp̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˦˥]

nồi (“cooking pot”) + áp suất (“pressure”).


máy xay sinh tố

[maj˨˩˦ saj˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧ tow˨˩˦]

máy (“machine”) + xay (“to grind; to crush”) + sinh tố (“smoothie”).


nồi niêu xoong chảo

[noj˨˩ niəw˧˧ sɔŋ˧˧ t͡ɕaːw˧˩]

[noj˦˩ niw˧˧ sɔŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaːw˧˨]

[noj˨˩ niw˧˧ sɔŋ˧˧ caːw˨˩˦]

(collective) pots and pans; kitchenware containers


nước lèo

[nɨək̚˧˦ lɛw˨˩]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ lɛw˦˩]

[nɨək̚˦˥ lɛw˨˩]

(Southern Vietnam, cooking) broth, esp. used for pouring over noodles


ra lò

[zaː˧˧ lɔ˨˩]

[ʐaː˧˧ lɔ˦˩]

[ɹaː˧˧ lɔ˨˩]

Bánh mì mới ra lò đây!

kiểm tra chất lượng sản phẩm vừa ra lò

to check the quality of freshly made products

(by extension, of a product) to be freshly made

Chúng tôi muốn cho ra lò sản phẩm chất lượng cao, làm hài lòng thị hiếu người tiêu dùng.

We want to release high quality products that could satisfy customers' demands.

(by extension, chiefly in business contexts) to release


ẩm thực phân tử

[ʔəm˧˩ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ fən˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔəm˧˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔəm˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨ fəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

ẩm thực (“gastronomy”) + phân tử (“molecule”).

molecular gastronomy
molecular gastronomy


nghệ thuật ẩm thực

[ŋe˧˨ʔ tʰwət̚˧˨ʔ ʔəm˧˩ tʰɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ tʰwək̚˨˩ʔ ʔəm˧˨ tʰɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ŋej˨˩˨ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ ʔəm˨˩˦ tʰɨk̚˨˩˨]

nghệ thuật (“art”) + ẩm thực (“cuisine”).


kiềng

kiềng ba chân


thì là Ai Cập

[tʰi˨˩ laː˨˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɪj˦˩ laː˦˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɪj˨˩ laː˨˩ ʔaːj˧˧ kəp̚˨˩˨]

Cuminum cyminum
Cuminum cyminum#Translingual

(botany, cooking) cumin (Cuminum cyminum)