ao

head

㘭, 坳, 泑, 𪵲, 𬇚

vi-noun

㘭, 坳, 泑, 𪵲, 𬇚

cái (classifier)
㘭 (CJK)
坳 (CJK)
泑 (CJK)
𪵲 (CJK)
𬇚 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 澳 (“bay, inlet”, SV: áo). Compare Thai อ่าว (àao), Khmer អាវ (ʼaaw).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">áo</i>

vi-etym-sino

Nguyễn Khuyến, "Thu điếu (Autumn Fishing)"
Ao thu lạnh lẽo; nuớc trong veo;
Một chiếc thuyền câu bé tẻo teo;
The cold autumn pond; the clear water;
A tiny, itsy-bitsy, fishing boat;

1686 Matsuo Bashō, Haru no Hi, "No. 41"; 2007 Vietnamese translation by Nhật Chiêu; English translation by Reginald Horace Blyth
Ao cũ, con ếch nhảy vào, vang tiếng nước xao.

The old pond; A frog jumps in — The sound of the water.


biển

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-biển.wav

biển hiệu

biển báo (giao thông)

biển số (xe)


hồ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-hồ.wav


lạch

cái (classifier)
con (classifier)
瀝 (CJK)


đại dương

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大洋, composed of 大 (“great”) and 洋 (“ocean”).

Trên thế giới có sáu lục địa là lục địa Á - Âu, lục địa Phi, lục địa Bắc Mĩ, lục địa Nam Mĩ, lục địa Ô-xtrây-li-a, lục địa Nam Cực và bốn đại dương là Thái Bình Dương, Đại Tây Dương, Ấn Độ Dương, Bắc Băng Dương.

2011, “Phần ba - Thiên nhiên và con người ở các châu lục / Bài 25 : Thế giới rộng lớn và đa dạng / 1. Các lục địa và các châu lục [Part Three - Nature and Peoples in the Continents / Lesson 25: The World Is Vast and Diverse / 1. "Geographic Continents" and "Geopolitical Continents"]”, in Địa lí 7 [Geography 7], Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam, page 79:

There are six "geographic continents" in the world: Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica; and four oceans: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

an ocean (one of the large bodies of water)


sông

dòng (classifier)
con (classifier)
滝 (CJK)
瀧 (CJK)
𪷹 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-sông.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”). Cognate with Muong không (“river”), Bahnar krong (“river”), Pacoh cruang (“country; area, river valley”), Mon ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “small river, creek”).
Doublet of giang. Related to Chinese 江 (OC *kˤroŋ) (B-S) (SV: giang) and Acehnese kruëng.

cog

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


Sài Gòn

English: Saigon

zh-l

西貢／西贡 (Xīgòng)

Chinese: 西貢／西贡 (Xīgòng)

→ French: Saïgon

→ German: Saigon

Japanese: サイゴン (Saigon)

Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)

Portuguese: Saigão

[saːj˨˩ ɣɔn˨˩]

[ʂaːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]

[saːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]

[ʂaːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]

[saːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sài Gòn.wav

Ang Nan
Chey Chettha IV
Chợ Lớn
Citadel of Saigon
Francis Garnier
Lê Quý Đôn
Phủ biên tạp lục
Post-Angkor period
vi:Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

Uncertain.
The original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as 柴棍, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's Phủ biên tạp lục (撫邊雜錄 "Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier", c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Sor was installed as king over 高綿 (Cao Miên) and his brother Ang Nan as vice-king in 柴棍 (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces.
柴棍 also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's Gia Định thành thông chí (嘉定城通志 "Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel", c. 1820), Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư (南國地輿教科書 "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country", 1908), etc.
Adrien Launay's Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine (1688−1823), "Documents Historiques II: 1728 - 1771" (1924: 190) cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon, Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng "Upper Saigon"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ "Lower Saigon").
It is probably a transcription of Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), or Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr).
The proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn) (e.g. by Francis Garnier and Vương Hồng Sển, etc.) has been critiqued as folk-etymological, as: (1) Garnier states that the Chinese settlement Tai-ngon or Tin-gan (i.e. 堤岸 Đê Ngạn ~ Đề Ngạn) – the Chinese name for Chợ Lớn – was found in 1778, yet the underlying toponym had possibly been known to Vietnamese as early as 1674, transcribed as 柴棍, then preserved in Phủ biên tạp lục (c. 1776); (2) 堤岸 has variant form 提岸, thus suggesting that both were transcriptions of a local toponym and thus are cognates to, not originals of, Sài Gòn.

bor

Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đê ngạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

(sông ～) A river in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung in southeastern Cambodia and empties into the Nhà Bè River, which in its turn empties into the East Sea northeast of the Mekong Delta.


vịnh

Vịnh cái quạt

Vịnh đời người

Vịnh Hằng Nga
On Heng'e

(poetry) a type of poem that describes or comments on a particular subject


phá

Sino-Vietnamese word from 破. Doublet of phay.


Hoàng Hải

[waːŋ˨˩ haːj˨˩˦]


Biển Đông

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


Sông Hồng

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

sông (“river”) + hồng (“red”), calque of French fleuve Rouge. The Sinicized Hồng Hà was also calqued from the same source.
The native/colloquial name (tên Nôm) of the river was sông Cái, literally "great/big river"; this word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï. The literary name(s) (tên chữ) of the river was 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) (textual evidence) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà); both the readings nhĩ and nhị for the first character were in use, although nhị seems to be more common.
Since 紅河 (Hồng Hà) was adopted late (during the colonial period), it is not clear if it ever sufficiently replaced 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) as the administrative tên chữ. Some of the earlier works attesting the spread of sông Hồng (Hà/Giang) as the vernacular name of the river including Nam Hải dị nhân liệt truyện (1909) and Việt Nam sử lược (1920). With the spread of sông Hồng, both the native tên Nôm sông Cái and the administrative-literary tên chữ 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ)/珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) were rendered obsolete.

Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


Ấn Độ Dương

[ʔən˧˦ ʔɗo˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗow˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəŋ˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ấn Độ Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 印度洋, composed of 印度 (“India”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


Bắc Băng Dương

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓaŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北冰洋, composed of 北 (“north”), 冰 (“ice”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


Đại Tây Dương

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ təj˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ təj˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ təj˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大西洋, composed of 大 (“great”) and 西洋 (“western ocean”), in contrast with 小西洋 (“Indian Ocean”, literally “lesser western ocean”).


Thái Bình Dương

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平洋, composed of 太平 (“peace”) and 洋 (“ocean”).


Ơ-phrát

[ʔəː˧˧ fɹaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔəː˧˧ fɹaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔəː˧˧ fɹaːk̚˦˥]


Ti-grơ

[ti˧˧ ɣɹəː˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ ɣɹəː˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ ɣɹəː˧˧]


Đông Hải

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːj˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːj˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]


biển Hoa Đông

[ʔɓiən˧˩ hwaː˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ hwaː˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ waː˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

biển (“sea”) + Hoa Đông (“East China”). The Vietnamese name doesn't follow any pattern of naming the East China Sea in other Chinese-influenced languages, probably to avoid any possible confusion between Chinese 東海／东海 (Đông Hải, “East China Sea”, literally “East Sea”) and Vietnamese Biển Đông (“South China Sea”, literally “East Sea”).

ncog

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Đông Hải</i>


bể

head

bể • (𣷭, 波, 𤅶)

cái (classifier)
𣷭 (CJK)
波 (CJK)
𤅶 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *peh ~ *pes.
Compare also Malay tasik (“lake”) for the semantic relationship.

bể bơi

bể nước

some small water bodies, reserves or containers; a lake, a pool, a water reserve, a water tank, etc.


kênh

Sino-Vietnamese word from 巠 (“waterway”). Also compare Chinese 涇／泾 (kinh, “irrigation canals and ditches”).

cog

(geography, technology, communication, business) channel


hồ Lắk

Đắk Lắk
Đắk Lắk

Lak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Đắk Lắk Province


Mĩ Tho

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰɔ˧˧]

From Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “inhabited area”) + មេ (mee, “girl”) + ស (sɑɑ, “white”), literally "land of white girls". The first element was somehow dropped.

(sông ～) the Mỹ Tho River (a river in Vietnam)


vũng

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] puŋ⁶. Compare vụng (“gulf, lagoon”).

vũng nước trên mặt đường


suối

vi-noun

(classifier con, dòng) suối • (𤂬, 𣷮, 𱧎, 㵊)

con (classifier)
dòng (classifier)
𤂬 (CJK)
𣷮 (CJK)
𱧎 (CJK)
㵊 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-suối.wav

From a Tai language (cf. Proto-Tai *qrwɤjꟲ (“mountain stream”), whence Thai ห้วย (hûai)).


Thái Bình

→ English: Thái Bình

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平 (“great peace”). Doublet of Thới Bình.


ngòi

Ong mật chích để lại ngòi.

Honey bees left behind their stinger after stinging.


Biển Đen

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


sông Cửu Long

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

sông (“river”) + Cửu Long (九龍, “nine dragons”), literally “River of the Nine Dragons”, referring to the nine main distributaries of the Mekong in its lower reaches before it enters the sea.
An alternative theory holds that Cửu Long 九龍 (MC kjuwX ljowng) is essentially a disyllabified, Sino-Vietnamese phono-semantic matching of Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), whence Modern Vietnamese sông. Although this practice is widely attested (compare Dóng vs. Phù Đổng, Trầu vs. Phù Lưu, Trèm vs. Từ Liêm), the geographical remoteness from the Vietnamese heartland (Northern and North Central Vietnam) and the rather recent settlement history of Vietnamese speakers in the region may cast some doubt on the theory.

psm

The collective name for the distributaries of the Mekong River in Vietnam's territory.


rạch

Possibly nominalized derivative of the verb rạch.


sông ngòi

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

rivers and streams; waterway (generally speaking)


bàu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) pond, pool


hồ Hoàn Kiếm

hồ (“lake”) + hoàn (“to return”) + kiếm (“sword”), from the legend in which Lê Lợi returned the sword he borrowed from the Golden Turtle God after defeating Ming invaders. The turtle god is, of course, fictional, but there is an actual symbolic turtle in the lake.


đìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 池 (“pond”, SV: trì).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trì</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) numerous; over head and ears (in debt)


xuôi

về xuôi

to go back to the lowlands where one came from


sông suối

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ suəj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂuj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ suj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂuj˦˥]


Hồ Gươm

[ho˨˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

[how˦˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

[how˨˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

Synonym of hồ Hoàn Kiếm (“Hoàn Kiếm Lake”)


eo biển

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

eo (“waist”) + biển (“sea”), literally “waist of the sea”.


cửa sông

[kɨə˧˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˧˨ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˧˨ səwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˨˩˦ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˨˩˦ səwŋ͡m˧˧]


sông Hàn

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːn˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

sông (“river”) + Cửa Hàn (“one of the old names of Đà Nẵng”). In the past, Hàn was written in chữ Hán as 瀚 (SV: hãn).
The eggcorn sense comes from confusion between Hán (漢, the character used for China/Han or the Han River in Korea) and Hàn (韓, the character used for the nation of (South) Korea).

the Hàn River (a river in Danang, Vietnam)


Ngũ Đại Hồ

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ho˨˩]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ how˦˩]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ how˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五大湖 (“five great lakes”).

vi-etym-sino

Great Lakes (group of five lakes on the United States-Canada border)


bốn bể

[ʔɓon˧˦ ʔɓe˧˩]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓej˧˨]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˥ ʔɓej˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bốn bể.wav

bốn (“four”) + bể (“sea; ocean”), calque of Chinese 四海 (tứ hải, “four seas”).


Tứ Hải

[tɨ˧˦ haːj˧˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ haːj˧˨]

[tɨ˦˥ haːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tứ Hải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四海, composed of 四 (“four”) and 海 (“sea”).

vi-etym-sino

(Chinese mythology) the four major seas where the four Dragon Kings reign


Hồng Hải

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːj˧˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ haːj˧˨]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːj˨˩˦]


eo biển Manche

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ maŋ˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ maŋ˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

Calque of French La Manche; compound of eo biển (“strait”) + Manche.


sông Hương

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

the Perfume River (a river in Hue, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam)


bể bơi

[ʔɓe˧˩ ʔɓəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˨ ʔɓəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓej˨˩˦ ʔɓəːj˧˧]


sông Đà

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

the Black River (a river in Vietnam, China)


tả ngạn

[taː˧˩ ŋaːn˧˨ʔ]

[taː˧˨ ŋaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taː˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 左岸, composed of 左 (“left”) and 岸 (“bank”).

the left bank (river bank to the left when facing downstream)


Thu Bồn

[tʰu˧˧ ʔɓon˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˨˩]

lưu vực Thu Bồn

(sông ～) A river in Quảng Nam province, Vietnam.


hữu ngạn

[hiw˦ˀ˥ ŋaːn˧˨ʔ]

[hɨw˧˨ ŋaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hɨw˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 右岸, composed of 右 (“right”) and 岸 (“bank”).

the right bank (river bank to the right when facing downstream)


Bạch Đằng

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

(sông ～) A river in Quảng Ninh and Hải Phòng provinces, Vietnam.


sông Cái

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

sông (“river”) + cái (“mother”), literally "mother river", or, sông (“river”) + cái (“great, main”), means "Great River"; both interpretations might be correct, because both meanings are from the same etymology. This word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï.
This was the original name of the Red River, but later used to refer to many other rivers of Vietnam. May be related to other Vietnamese river names such as Cái Lớn, Cái Bé, Cái Mép, Cái Vùng, Cái Tàu and Cái Cối.
For some semantic parallels, compare Coptic ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (peiero), ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (ph̀iaro, “the Nile”), Spanish Río Grande, Korean 한강(漢江) (han'gang, “Han river”) (where 漢 is a phonogram used to write the native Korean morpheme for "big", see Middle Korean 하다〮 (hàtá)).

(historical) Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)

The Cái River (a river in Quảng Nam, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Bình Định, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Phú Yên, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Ninh Hoà, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Nha Trang, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Bình Thuận, Vietnam)


Đuống

(sông ~) A river in northern Vietnam, a distributary of the Red River and tributary of the Thái Bình River.


Mường Thanh

[mɨəŋ˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[mɨəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[mɨəŋ˨˩ tʰan˧˧]


cừ

a row of stakes consisting of wood, steel or bamboo used to prevent water from seeping through or to retain soil and rocks


Bắc Đại Dương

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]


vịnh Hạ Long

[vïŋ˧˨ʔ haː˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Hạ Long Bay (a bay in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


eo biển Đài Loan

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ lwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗaːj˦˩ lwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧]

eo biển (“strait”) + Đài Loan (“Taiwan”).


Cửu Long

[kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 九龍. Literally, “nine dragons”.

the name of the Mekong and its distributaries flowing SE through Vietnam


chuôm

plants' debris on the surface of a pond, serving as hiding places for fish


sông Lô

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ lo˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

Lô River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


sông Đồng Nai

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

Đồng Nai River (a river in southern Vietnam)


sông Tiền

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiən˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

Tiền River (a distributary of the Mekong River)


sông Hậu

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩ʔ]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

sông (“river”) + hậu (“behind; rear; back”). Piecewise doublet of Hậu Giang.

Bassac River (a distributary of the Tonlé Sap and Mekong River)


Truồi

(sông ～) A river in Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam.


Biển Chết

[ʔɓiən˧˩ t͡ɕet̚˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ t͡ɕet̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ cəːt̚˦˥]

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


Biển Na Uy

[ʔɓiən˧˩ naː˧˧ ʔwi˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ naː˧˧ ʔwɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ naː˧˧ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧]


Biển Bắc

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓak̚˦˥]


sông Chảy

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ca(ː)j˨˩˦]

sông (“river”) + chảy (“to flow”).
A tên chữ (“literary name”) of this river was 㵢江 (now common read in Sino-Vietnamese as Lôi giang), where the first element is a phonogram for the verb trôi (“to float”).

Chảy River (a river in northern Vietnam)


Vu Gia

→ English: Vu Gia

[vʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[vʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[jʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

(sông ～) A river in Đại Lộc district, Quảng Nam province, Vietnam.


Yên

(sông ～) A river in Quảng Nam province and Da Nang, Vietnam.

(sông ～) A river in Thanh Hoá province, Vietnam.