cừ

a row of stakes consisting of wood, steel or bamboo used to prevent water from seeping through or to retain soil and rocks


Dương Kinh

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kïŋ˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨn˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨn˧˧]

Dương Kinh (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Lê Chân

[le˧˧ t͡ɕən˧˧]

[lej˧˧ t͡ɕəŋ˧˧]

[lej˧˧ cəŋ˧˧]

Lê Chân (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Thanh Quang

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]

Thanh Quang (a commune of Nam Sách, Hải Dương, Vietnam)

Thanh Quang (a commune of Thanh Hà, Hải Dương, Vietnam)


Cát Dài

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ jaːj˦˩]

cát (“sand”) + dài (“long”).
Named after the main street in the area, now formally called Hai Bà Trưng street, which used to be a sandy route.

Cát Dài (a ward of Lê Chân district, Haiphong, Vietnam)


Đồ Sơn

[ʔɗo˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗow˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗow˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗow˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗow˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Đồ Sơn (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)

Đồ Sơn (a district-level town of Haiphong, Vietnam).

Đồ Sơn (a peninsula in Haiphong, Vietnam).


Kiến An

[kiən˧˦ ʔaːn˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

vi:Kiến An
vi:Kiến An (xã)
vi:Kiến An, Hứa Xương

Kiến An (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)

Kiến An (a rural commune of Chợ Mới district, An Giang, Vietnam)

(historical) Kiến An (a former province in Northern Vietnam, which is nowadays a part of Haiphong)

Jian'an (a district of Xuchang, Henan, China)


Hải An

[haːj˧˩ ʔaːn˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Hải An (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Bắc Đại Dương

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]


A-lát-xca

[ʔaː˧˧ laːt̚˧˦ skaː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laːk̚˦˧˥ skaː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laːk̚˦˥ skaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-A-lát-xca.wav

Tiểu bang: A-la-ba-ma · A-lát-xca · A-ri-xô-na · A-can-xò · Ca-li-phoóc-ni-a · Cô-lô-ra-đô · Con-nếch-ti-cớt · Đe-la-oe · Phlo-ri-đa · Gióoc-gia · Ha-oai · Ai-đa-hô · I-li-noi · In-đi-a-na · Ai-ô-oa · Can-xát · Ken-tắc-ky · Lu-i-di-a-na · Mên · Me-ri-len · Me-xơ-chu-xít · Mi-si-gân · Min-nê-xô-ta · Mít-xi-xi-pi · Mít-xu-ri · Môn-ta-na · Nê-brát-xca · Nê-va-đa · Niu Hem-sơ · Niu Giơ-xi · Niu Mê-hi-cô · Niu Oóc · Bắc Ca-rô-li-na · Bắc Đa-cô-ta · Ô-hai-ô · Ốc-la-hô-ma · Ô-rê-gân · Pen-xin-va-ni-a · Rốt Ai-len · Nam Ca-rô-li-na · Nam Đa-cô-ta · Ten-nét-xi · Tếch-dớt · U-ta · Vơ-môn · Vơ-gi-ni-a · Oa-sinh-tơn · Tây Vơ-gi-ni-a · Uýt-côn-xin · Oai-ô-minh

Lãnh thổ: Xa-moa thuộc Mĩ · Gu-am · quần đảo Bắc Ma-ri-a-na · Pu-éc-tô Ri-cô · Các tiểu đảo xa của Hoa Kì · quần đảo Vơ-gin thuộc Mĩ


A-ri-xô-na

[ʔaː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ so˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ zi˧˧ so˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ sow˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ sow˧˧ naː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-A-ri-xô-na.wav


A-can-xò

[ʔaː˧˧ kaːn˧˧ sɔ˨˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧ sɔ˦˩]

[ʔaː˧˧ kaːŋ˧˧ sɔ˨˩]


nhóm đảo An Vĩnh

[ɲɔm˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˩ ʔaːn˧˧ vïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ɲɔm˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ ʔaːŋ˧˧ vɨn˧˨]

[ɲɔm˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʔaːŋ˧˧ vɨn˨˩˦]

[ɲɔm˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʔaːŋ˧˧ jɨn˨˩˦]

Amphitrite Group
Amphitrite Group#English

Amphitrite Group (an island group of the Paracel Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


nhóm đảo

[ɲɔm˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[ɲɔm˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[ɲɔm˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


nhóm đảo Lưỡi Liềm

[ɲɔm˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˩ lɨəj˦ˀ˥ liəm˨˩]

[ɲɔm˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ lɨj˧˨ liəm˦˩]

[ɲɔm˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ lɨj˨˩˦ lim˨˩]

nhóm đảo (“island group”) + lưỡi liềm (“crescent, curved”).

com

Crescent Group (an island group of the Paracel Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


cụm Nam Yết

[kum˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧ ʔiət̚˧˦]

[kum˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˧˥]

[kʊm˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ ʔiək̚˦˥]

Tizard Bank (an atoll of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


quần đảo Hoàng Sa

[kwən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˩ hwaːŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

[kwəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[kwəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩ saː˧˧]

[wəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[wəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

Paracel Islands (an archipelago in the South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


cụm Song Tử

[kum˧˨ʔ sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[kum˨˩ʔ ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kum˨˩ʔ sɔŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[kʊm˨˩˨ ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[kʊm˨˩˨ sawŋ͡m˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

North Danger Reef
North Danger Reef#English

North Danger Reef (an atoll of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


cụm Thị Tứ

[kum˧˨ʔ tʰi˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˦]

[kum˨˩ʔ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ tɨ˨˩˦]

[kʊm˨˩˨ tʰɪj˨˩˨ tɨ˦˥]

Thitu Reefs (an atoll of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


cụm Loại Ta

[kʊm˨˩˨ l⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩˨ taː˧˧]

Loaita Bank (an atoll of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


cụm Sinh Tồn

[kum˧˨ʔ sïŋ˧˧ ton˨˩]

[kum˨˩ʔ ʂɨn˧˧ toŋ˦˩]

[kum˨˩ʔ sɨn˧˧ toŋ˦˩]

[kʊm˨˩˨ ʂɨn˧˧ toŋ˨˩]

[kʊm˨˩˨ sɨn˧˧ toŋ˨˩]

cụm (“cluster”) + sinh tồn (“to survive, to exist”).

Union Banks (an atoll of the Spratly Islands, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


vịnh Hạ Long

[vïŋ˧˨ʔ haː˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩ʔ haː˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˨ haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Hạ Long Bay (a bay in the Gulf of Tonkin, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


quần đảo Trường Sa

[kwən˨˩ ʔɗaːw˧˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

[kwəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[kwəŋ˦˩ ʔɗaːw˧˨ ʈɨəŋ˦˩ saː˧˧]

[wəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[wəŋ˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

Spratly Islands (an archipelago in the South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)


Cái Bè

[kaːj˧˦ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[kaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[kaːj˦˥ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

Cái Bè (a district of Tiền Giang, Vietnam)


Chợ Gạo

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ ɣaːw˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ ɣaːw˨˩ʔ]

[cəː˨˩˨ ɣaːw˨˩˨]

Chợ Gạo (a district of Tiền Giang, Vietnam)


Trung tâm Thương mại Thế giới

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ təm˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧ maːj˧˨ʔ tʰe˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ təm˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧ maːj˨˩ʔ tʰej˨˩˦ jəːj˨˩˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ təm˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˧˧ maːj˨˩˨ tʰej˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

trung tâm (“center”) + thương mại (“trade”) + thế giới (“world”).

the World Trade Center (a complex of buildings in New York City, three of which were destroyed in the 9/11 attacks)

vi:Trung tâm Thương mại Thế giới (1973–2001)

vi:Trung tâm Thương mại Thế giới (2001–nay)


eo biển Đài Loan

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗaːj˨˩ lwaːn˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗaːj˦˩ lwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩ l⁽ʷ⁾aːŋ˧˧]

eo biển (“strait”) + Đài Loan (“Taiwan”).


chợ Bến Thành

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ ʔɓen˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ ʔɓen˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[cəː˨˩˨ ʔɓəːn˦˥ tʰan˨˩]

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English

Bến Thành Market (a market in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)


chợ Đồng Xuân

[t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ swən˧˧]

[t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ swəŋ˧˧]

[cəː˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]

Đồng Xuân Market
Đồng Xuân Market#English

Đồng Xuân Market (a market in Hoàn Kiếm district, Hanoi, Vietnam)

Đồng Xuân Market (a market in Lichtenberg, Lichtenberg borough, Berlin, Germany)


Bến Thành

→ English: Bến Thành

[ʔɓen˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[ʔɓen˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[ʔɓəːn˦˥ tʰan˨˩]

bến (“port”) + thành (“citadel; fort”).
Named after a port near the Bát Quái fort, now no longer exists.

Bến Thành (a ward of District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)

(chợ ~) Bến Thành (a market in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)


Đồng Xuân

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ swən˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ swəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]

Đồng Xuân (a rural district of Phú Yên, Vietnam)

Đồng Xuân (a ward of Hoàn Kiếm district, Hanoi, Vietnam)

Đồng Xuân (a ward of Phúc Yên, Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam)

Đồng Xuân (a commune of Thanh Ba district, Phú Thọ, Vietnam)

(chợ ~) Đồng Xuân (a market in Hoàn Kiếm district, Hanoi, Vietnam)

(chợ ~) Đồng Xuân (a market in Lichtenberg, Lichtenberg borough, Berlin, Germany)


Sa Huỳnh

[saː˧˧ hwïŋ̟˨˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ hwɨn˦˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ wɨn˨˩]

[saː˧˧ wɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 沙 and 黃, with the South Central-Southern reading of the second character instead of Northern hoàng.

Sa Huỳnh (an estuary in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam)

(archaeology) Sa Huỳnh (a cluster of archaeological sites in Đức Phổ, Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam)


Hoàng Sa

→ English: Hoang Sa, Hoàng Sa

[hwaːŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ saː˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黃砂.
This word most likely originated as a tên chữ used in adminstrative records, translated from the tên Nôm (bãi) Cát Vàng (“Yellow Sand (Bars)”). Since adminstrative records in pre-modern Vietnam were (mostly) written in Chinese, it was common to translate the Vietnamese tên Nôm into Chinese (alternatively, phonetic transcription was also common). This tên Nôm was attested first in a map from Toản tập Thiên Nam tứ chí lộ đồ thư (纂集天南四至路圖書) by Đỗ Bá (17th century), and was still attested in Dubois de Jancigny's work from 1850 titled L'Univers. Histoire et description de tous les peuples. Japon, Indo-Chine, Empire Birman (ou Ava), Siam, Annam (ou Cochinchine), Péninsule Malaise, etc., Ceylan, par M. Dubois de Jancigny, Aide de camp du roi d'Oude.

Paracel Islands (an archipelago in the South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)

Hoàng Sa (an island district of Da Nang, Vietnam)


Trường Sa

→ English: Truong Sa, Trường Sa

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˦˩ saː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ ʂaː˧˧]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩ saː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長沙, composed of 長 and 沙.

vi-etym-sino

Spratly Islands (an archipelago in the South China Sea, Pacific Ocean)

Trường Sa (an island district of Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

Trường Sa (a township in Trường Sa district, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

Changsha (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hunan, China)

Changsha (a county of Changsha, Hunan, China)


Kiến Thuỵ

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ tʰwɪj˨˩ʔ]

[kiəŋ˦˥ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 建瑞, composed of 建 and 瑞.

Kiến Thuỵ (a rural district of Haiphong, Vietnam).


Ngô Quyền

[ŋow˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˩]

[ŋow˧˧ wiəŋ˨˩]

Named after Ngô Quyền. Sino-Vietnamese word from 吳權, composed of 吳 and 權.

Ngô Quyền (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a ward of Sơn Tây, Hanoi, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a ward of Bắc Giang city, Bắc Giang province, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a ward of Nam Định city, Nam Định province, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a ward of Vĩnh Yên, Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a commune of Thanh Miện district, Hải Dương, Vietnam)

Ngô Quyền (a commune of Tiên Lữ district, Hưng Yên, Vietnam)


An Dương

[ʔaːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安陽, composed of 安 and 陽.

An Dương (a rural district of Haiphong, Vietnam)

An Dương (a ward of Lê Chân district, Haiphong, Vietnam)

An Dương (a township, the capital of An Dương district, Haiphong, Vietnam)

An Dương (a commune of Tân Yên district, Bắc Giang, Vietnam)

Anyang (a prefecture-level city in Henan, China)

Anyang (a county of Anyang, Henan, China)


An Lão

[ʔaːn˧˧ laːw˦ˀ˥]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ laːw˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ laːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安老, composed of 安 and 老.

An Lão (a rural district of Haiphong, Vietnam).

An Lão (a district of Bình Định, Vietnam).

An Lão (a township, the capital of An Lão district, Haiphong, Vietnam).

An Lão (a township, the capital of An Lão district, Bình Định, Vietnam).

An Lão (a commune of Bình Lục district, Hà Nam, Vietnam).


đảo Anh

[ʔɗaːw˧˩ ʔajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˧˨ ʔɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʔan˧˧]

Great Britain (an island in Western Europe)


Đông Bắc Bộ

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東 (“east”) and 北部 (“Northern Vietnam”).


đồng bằng sông Hồng

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

đồng bằng (“delta”) + sông Hồng (“the Red River”).

com

the Red River Delta (a region of Vietnam)


Tây Bắc Bộ

[təj˧˧ ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[təj˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[təj˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西北部, composed of 西 (“west”) and 北部 (“Northern Vietnam”).


Đông Nam Bộ

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東 (“east”) and 南部 (“Southern Vietnam”).

(formal) Southeast Vietnam (a region of Vietnam)


Ê-díp-tô

[ʔe˧˧ zip̚˧˦ to˧˧]

Given the uncanny resemblance of the Vietnamese Protestant title of Exodus, Xuất Ê-díp-tô Ký, to its Japanese counterpart, perhaps from Japanese エジプト (Ejiputo), from English Egypt. Most proper names in the Vietnamese Protestant translation of the Bible were derived from French, however, French Égypte seems implausible here given the final <ô>.

Ta là Giê-hô-va Đức Chúa Trời ngươi, đã rút ngươi ra khỏi xứ Ê-díp-tô, là nhà nô-lệ.

1925, “Xuất Ê-díp-tô Ký 20 [Exodus 20]”, in Kinh Thánh [the Holy Bible]

I am Jehovah your God who liberated you from the land of Egypt, the house of slavery.

(Protestantism) Synonym of Ai Cập (“Egypt”) (the land itself; compare Mích-ra-im (“Mizraim/Egypt”, one of Ham's sons))


Cô-rin-tô

Thư 1/2 gửi tín hữu Cô-rin-tô

The First/Second Epistle to the Corinthians

(Catholicism) Alternative form of Cô-ranh-tơ (“Corinth (a city in Greece)”)


Na-da-rét

Người sẽ được gọi là người Na-da-rét.
He shall be called a Nazarene/Nazorean.


Cô-rinh-tô

Thơ thứ nhứt/hai của Phao-lô gởi cho người Cô-rinh-tô

The First/Second of Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians

(Protestantism) Alternative form of Cô-ranh-tơ (“Corinth (a city in Greece)”)


Na-xa-rét

Người ta sẽ gọi Ngài là người Na-xa-rét.

(Protestantism) Alternative form of Na-da-rét (“Nazareth (a city in Israel)”)


Hà Đông

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河東 (“to the east of the river”), from Chinese 河東／河东 (Hédōng)

Hedong (a district of Sanya, Shandong, China)

Hedong (a district of Linyi, Shandong, China)


Côn Minh

[kon˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southern China)


Quý Dương

[kwi˧˦ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[kwɪj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[wɪj˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Guiyang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, in southwestern China)


Ma Cao

Macau (a special administrative region of China)


Hạ Môn

[haː˨˩ʔ moŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ moŋ˧˧]

Xiamen (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in Fujian, in southeastern China)


Sán Đầu

[saːn˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[saːŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, in southern China)


Đông Hoản

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaːn˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ waːŋ˨˩˦]

Dongguan (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, in southern China)


Tam Á

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

Sanya (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, in southwestern China)


Phúc Châu

[fʊwk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˥ cəw˧˧]

Fuzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, in southeastern China)


Cơ Long

[kəː˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


Tân Trúc

[tən˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[təŋ˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[təŋ˧˧ ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


Hoa Liên

[hwaː˧˧ liəŋ˧˧]

[waː˧˧ liəŋ˧˧]


Cửu Long

[kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 九龍. Literally, “nine dragons”.

the name of the Mekong and its distributaries flowing SE through Vietnam


Tấn Giang

[tən˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

Jinjiang (a county-level city and former county of Quanzhou, Fujian, in southeastern China)


Khương Thượng

A ward of Đống Đa district, Hanoi, Vietnam


Ba-bi-lon

French Babylone. Doublet of Ba-ben (“Babel”).

vườn treo Ba-bi-lon

(historical) Babylon (the historical capital of Babylonia)


Trung Ðông

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中東, composed of 中 (“middle”) and 東 (“east”)


Giê-ru-xa-lem

Nhiều nước ở khu vực Trung Ðông cũng lên án tình trạng bạo lực tại Giê-ru-xa-lem. I-ran, I-rắc, Gioóc-đa-ni, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ... kêu gọi cộng đồng quốc tế tăng sức ép buộc I-xra-en chấm dứt bạo lực với người Pa-le-xtin. A-rập Xê-út chỉ trích các hành vi chiếm đất, buộc người Pa-le-xtin rời nơi ở tại Giê-ru-xa-lem.

2021 May 10, “Lên án bạo lực ở Giê-ru-xa-lem [Condemning Violence in Jerusalem]”, in Nhân dân [The People]

Middle Eastern countries are condemning the violence in Jerusalem. Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey, etc. are calling on the international community to mount pressure and compel Israel to end the violence against Palestinians. Saudi Arabia is also criticizing the settlement and displacement of the Palestinians in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Hải Vân

[haːj˧˨ vəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ vəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ jəŋ˧˧]

hầm Hải Vân

(đèo ~) A mountain pass between Da Nang and Thừa Thiên Huế province, Vietnam.

(xã ~) A commune of Hải Hậu district, Nam Định province, Vietnam.


Pháp quốc

[faːp̚˧˦ kuək̚˧˦]

[faːp̚˦˧˥ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[faːp̚˦˥ wək̚˦˥]

Từ khi Bắc Kỳ do chính phủ Pháp bảo hộ và Hà Nội trở thành nhượng địa vào năm 1888, thì các quy định của triều Nguyễn không có giá trị trong đời sống, dân Hà Nội sống theo luật Pháp quốc và luật nước Pháp cấm giết, ăn thịt chó.

2015, Nguyễn Ngọc Tiến, chapter 5, in Đi Xuyên Hà Nội [Traversing Hanoi]

Ever since Tonkin became a French protectorate and Hanoi was ceded in 1888, the Nguyễn dynasty's laws held no value in daily life; the Hanoians lived by the French law and the law of France prohibited killing and eating dog meat.

(rare) France (a country in Western Europe)


Giang Hộ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 江戶, composed of 江 (“river”) and 戶 (“door”), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 江戸 (Edo)

obor

Thủ đô của Nhật là Tô-ki-ô (Đông Kinh), tên cũ là Ê-đô (Giang Hộ), nằm về phía đông đảo lớn Hôn-xiu.

1981, Nghiên cứu Nghệ thuật [Research into Art]

Japan's capital is Tokyo, formerly known as Edo, located to the west of Honshu.

(historical) Obsolete form of Ê-đô (“Edo (the historical capital of Japan)”).


Nại Lương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 奈良, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 奈良 (Nara)

Obsolete form of Na-ra (“Nara (a prefecture of Japan)”).

Obsolete form of Na-ra (“Nara (the capital of Nara Prefecture, Japan)”).


Đại Phản

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大阪, composed of 大 (“great”) and 阪 (“slope”), orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大阪 (Ōsaka).

obor

Obsolete form of Ô-xa-ca (“Osaka (a prefecture of Japan)”).

Ngài chịu lưu đày qua 10 tháng thì có lệnh xá miễn vào tháng 12 cùng năm ấy, nhưng không cho phép ngài về kinh. Ngài liền đến ở chùa Thắng Vĩ thuộc phủ Đại Phản, tiếp tục truyền dạy pháp môn niệm Phật.

2019 March 14, Đoàn Trung Còn with Nguyễn Minh Tiến, “TỊNH ĐỘ TÔNG [PURE LAND SECT]”, in CÁC TÔNG PHÁI ĐẠO PHẬT [THE SECTS OF BUDDHISM], page 125

He was in exile for ten months and was pardoned in the twelfth month that year, but not allowed back in the capital. He then relocated at the Katsuo Temple in Osaka Prefecture and continued to preach the gate to the dharma.

Obsolete form of Ô-xa-ca (“Osaka (the capital of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)”).


Yên Bằng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安平 (“peaceful”). Doublet of yên bình, Yên Bình, and An Bình.

doublet

A commune of Ý Yên district, Nam Định, Vietnam


Bằng An

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平安 (“peaceful”), from Literary Chinese 平安. Doublet of bình yên, Bình Yên, and Bình An.


Bình Yên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平安 (“peaceful”), Literary Chinese 平安. Doublet of bình yên, Bình An, and Bằng An.

A commune of Thạch Thất district, Hanoi, Vietnam

A commune of Định Hóa district, Thái Nguyên, Vietnam

A commune of Sơn Dương district, Tuyên Quang, Vietnam


An Bình

Sino-Vietnamese, from an bình, also a semantic loan from Mandarin 安平 (Ānpíng). Doublet of yên bình, Yên Bình, and Yên Bằng.

A ward of Ninh Kiều district, Cần Thơ, Vietnam

A ward of Thuận Thành, Bắc Ninh, Vietnam

A commune of Thoại Sơn district, An Giang, Vietnam

A commune of Phú Giáo district, Bình Dương, Vietnam

A commune of Cao Lãnh district, Đồng Tháp, Vietnam

A commune of Nam Sách district, Hải Dương, Vietnam

A commune of Lạc Thủy district, Hòa Bình, Vietnam

A commune of Châu Thành district, Tây Ninh, Vietnam

A commune of Kiến Xương district, Thái Bình, Vietnam

A commune of Long Hồ district, Vĩnh Long, Vietnam

A commune of Văn Yên district, Yên Bái, Vietnam

Anping (a county of Hengshui, Hebei, China)

Anping (an urban town in Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)


chuôm

plants' debris on the surface of a pond, serving as hiding places for fish


Yên Bình

Sino-Vietnamese, from yên bình. Doublet of yên bình, An Bình, and Yên Bằng.

A commune of Yên Bình district, Yên Bái, Vietnam

A commune-level town in Quang Bình district, Hà Giang, Vietnam

A commune-level town in Yên Bình district, Yên Bái, Vietnam

A commune of Thạch Thất district, Hanoi, Vietnam

A commune of Hữu Lũng district, Lạng Sơn, Vietnam

A commune of Ý Yên district, Nam Định, Vietnam

A commune of Vĩnh Tường district, Vĩnh Phúc, Vietnam


Bình An

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平安 (“peaceful”), Literary Chinese 平安, also a semantic loan from Mandarin 平安 (Píng'ān) and semantic loan from Japanese 平安 (Heian). Doublet of bình yên, Bình Yên, and Bằng An.

doublet

A commune of Bắc Bình district, Bình Thuận, Vietnam

A commune of Long Thành district, Đồng Nai, Vietnam

A commune of Lộc Hà district, Hà Tĩnh, Vietnam

A commune of Châu Thành district, Kiên Giang, Vietnam

A commune of Kiên Lương district, Kiên Giang, Vietnam

A commune of Thủ Thừa district, Long An, Vietnam

A commune of Thăng Bình district, Quảng Nam, Vietnam

A commune of Bình Sơn district, Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam

A commune of Lâm Bình district, Tuyên Quang, Vietnam

Ping'an (a district of Haidong, Qinghai, China)


vạn quốc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萬國, composed of 萬 (“ten thousand”) and 國 (“countries”), from Chinese 萬國／万国 (wànguó)

vi-etym-sino

Năm 1909, nhân vụ nhà Cách-mạng Triều-tiên là An-trọng-Căn ám sát viên Tổng-giám (từc[sic] Tuyền-quyền) nước Nhựt-bản là Y-Đằng Bác-Văn nên bị án tử-hình, Mai-sơn Tiên-sinh có làm đôi câu-đối truy-điệu nhà Cách-mạng Triều-tiên như sau :
« Thân tại Tam-Hàn danh vạn quốc.
Sinh phi bách tuế tử thiên thu. »
Nghĩa là :
« Người tuy ở đất Tam-Hàn, mà thanh-danh thì lẫy-lừng vạn quốc.
Sống tuy không đầy trăm tuổi, nhưng thác còn lưu tiếng đến ngàn thu. »

1965, “NGÀY XUÂN [SPRING DAY]”, in MINH TÂN, page 58

“Body in the Three Han, name in the myriad lands.
Life not 100 years, death 1000 autumns.”
That is to say:
“While your person was in Korea, your renown was international.
While your life did not last 100 years, your death shall be remembered forever.”

In 1909, in the wake of the assassination of Japan’s Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi at the hands of the Korean revolutionary An Jung-geun, which resulted in his execution, Mr. Mai Sơn dedicated a duilian to the Korean revolutionary:

(obsolete) all the countries in the world


Nam Việt Nam

Either a Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 越南 (“Vietnam”), or simply clipped from miền Nam (“the South”) + Việt Nam.

Coordinate term: Bắc Việt Nam

Cộng hoà (miền) Nam Việt Nam


dãy núi Trường Sơn

[zaj˦ˀ˥ nuj˧˦ t͡ɕɨəŋ˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[jaj˧˨ nuj˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[jaj˧˨ nuj˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ja(ː)j˨˩˦ nuj˦˥ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ja(ː)j˨˩˦ nuj˦˥ ʈɨəŋ˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

dãy núi (“mountain range”) + Trường Sơn.


đồng bằng duyên hải

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ zwiən˧˧ haːj˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ jwiəŋ˧˧ haːj˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ j⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]

đồng bằng (“plain”) + duyên hải (“coastal”).


đồng bằng duyên hải miền Trung

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ zwiən˧˧ haːj˧˩ miən˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ jwiəŋ˧˧ haːj˧˨ miəŋ˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ j⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦ miəŋ˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

đồng bằng duyên hải (“coastal plain”) + miền Trung (“Central Vietnam”).


đồng bằng sông Cửu Long

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ kiw˧˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaŋ˦˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaŋ˨˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

đồng bằng (“delta”) + sông Cửu Long (“Mekong River”).


sông Lô

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ lo˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

Lô River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


sông Đồng Nai

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

Đồng Nai River (a river in southern Vietnam)


miền Bắc

[miən˨˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[miəŋ˦˩ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[miəŋ˨˩ ʔɓak̚˦˥]


mũi Cà Mau

Cape Cà Mau (a cape in Cà Mau, Mekong Delta, Vietnam)


miền Trung

[miən˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[miəŋ˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[miəŋ˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


dãy núi Hoàng Liên Sơn

[zaj˦ˀ˥ nuj˧˦ hwaːŋ˨˩ liən˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[jaj˧˨ nuj˨˩˦ hwaːŋ˦˩ liəŋ˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[jaj˧˨ nuj˨˩˦ hwaːŋ˦˩ liəŋ˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[ja(ː)j˨˩˦ nuj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ liəŋ˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ja(ː)j˨˩˦ nuj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ liəŋ˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

dãy núi (“mountain range”) + Hoàng Liên Sơn (“?”)

Hoang Lien Mountains
Hoang Lien Mountains#English

Hoang Lien Mountains (a mountain range in northwestern Vietnam)


Đồng Hới

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ həːj˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ həːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ həːj˦˥]

Although this placename was spelled as 洞海 (MC duwngH xojX) (SV: Động Hải), this is obviously just the common usage of phonograms and has no bearing on the actual etymology.

Đồng Hới (a city in Quảng Bình, Vietnam)


miền Nam

[miəŋ˦˩ naːm˧˧]

[miəŋ˨˩ naːm˧˧]


Biên Hoà

[ʔɓiən˧˧ hwaː˨˩]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ hwaː˦˩]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 邊和, composed of 邊 and 和.

vi-etym-sino

Biên Hoà (the capital city of Đồng Nai, Vietnam)


Nam Đàn

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːn˨˩]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːŋ˦˩]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩]

Nam Đàn (a district of eastern Nghệ An, Vietnam)

Nam Đàn (a township and capital of Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An, Vietnam).


Xi-ha-núc-vin

[sɪj˧˧ haː˧˧ nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ vin˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ haː˧˧ nʊwk͡p̚˦˥ vɨn˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ haː˧˧ nʊwk͡p̚˦˥ jɨn˧˧]

Sihanoukville (a city, the provincial capital of Sihanoukville, Cambodia)


sông Tiền

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiən˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ tiəŋ˨˩]

Tiền River (a distributary of the Mekong River)


sông Hậu

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩ʔ]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

sông (“river”) + hậu (“behind; rear; back”).

com

Bassac River (a distributary of the Tonlé Sap and Mekong River)


Ba Chúc

[ʔɓaː˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ cʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Ba Chúc (a town in Tịnh Biên district, An Giang, Vietnam)

Ba Chúc (a commune of Tri Tôn district, An Giang, Vietnam)


Tây Á

[təj˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[təj˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[təj˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西亞, composed of 西 (“west”) and 亞 (“Asia”).


Truồi

(sông ~) A river in Vietnam that flows through Thừa Thiên Huế.


王舍城

Vương Xá Thành
Vương Xá Thành#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of Vương Xá Thành (“Rajgir (a historical town in Nalanda district, Bihar, India)”).


Sơn Vi

[səːn˧˧ vi˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

Sơn Vi (a commune of Lâm Thao district, Phú Thọ, Vietnam)

Sơn Vi (a village in Sơn Vi, Lâm Thao district, Phú Thọ, Vietnam)


Biển Chết

[ʔɓiən˧˩ t͡ɕet̚˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ t͡ɕet̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ cəːt̚˦˥]

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


Biển Bắc

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓak̚˦˥]


Biển Na Uy

[ʔɓiən˧˩ naː˧˧ ʔwi˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ naː˧˧ ʔwɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ naː˧˧ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧]


Vương quốc Na Uy

[vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˧˦ naː˧˧ ʔwi˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥ naː˧˧ ʔwɪj˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥ naː˧˧ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥ naː˧˧ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧]


Dương Châu

[zɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]

Yangzhou (a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, in eastern China).


Hoả Lò

[hwaː˧˩ lɔ˨˩]

[hwaː˧˨ lɔ˦˩]

[waː˨˩˦ lɔ˨˩]

The demotic name (tên Nôm) for the village. Named after an eponymous steet, due to the concentration of stores selling wood stoves and coal-fire stoves along the street in pre-colonial times. Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 火爐 (SV: hoả lô).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoả lô</i>

vi-etym-sino

nhà tù Hoả Lò

(historical) Phụ Khánh (a historical village in Vĩnh Xương canton, Thọ Xương district, Hanoi, Vietnam)


Kim Liên

→ English: Kim Liên

→ German: Kim Lien

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金蓮, composed of 金 and 蓮.

Kim Liên (a ward of Đống Đa district, Hanoi, Vietnam).

Kim Liên (a rural commune of Kim Thành district, Hải Dương, Vietnam).

Kim Liên (a village and rural commune of Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An, Vietnam).


chùa Một Cột

[t͡ɕuə˨˩ mot̚˧˨ʔ kot̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuə˦˩ mok̚˨˩ʔ kok̚˨˩ʔ]

[cuə˨˩ mok̚˨˩˨ kok̚˨˩˨]

chùa (“temple”) + một (“one”) + cột (“pillar”).

com

the One Pillar Pagoda (a temple in Đội Cấn, Ba Đình district, Hanoi, Vietnam)


Huệ Châu

[hwe˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[hwej˨˩ʔ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

Huizhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Guangdong, China)


Trảng Bàng

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[ʈaːŋ˧˨ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Trảng Bàng (a town in Tây Ninh, Vietnam)


Truông Mít

[t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧ mit̚˧˦]

[ʈuəŋ˧˧ mit̚˦˧˥]

[ʈuəŋ˧˧ mɨt̚˦˥]

truông (“wild grassland”) + mít (“jackfruit”).

Truông Mít (a commune of Dương Minh Châu district, Tây Ninh, Vietnam)


Bến Cát

→ English: Bến Cát

[ʔɓen˧˦ kaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓen˦˧˥ kaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəːn˦˥ kaːk̚˦˥]


sông Chảy

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕaj˧˨]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ca(ː)j˨˩˦]

sông (“river”) + chảy (“to flow”).
A tên chữ (“literary name”) of this river was 㵢江 (now common read in Sino-Vietnamese as Lôi giang), where the first element is a phonogram for the verb trôi (“to float”).

Chảy River (a river in northern Vietnam)


Tây An

[təj˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]


Hoàng Su Phì

→ English: Hoàng Su Phì

[hwaːŋ˦˩ ʂʊw˧˧ fɪj˦˩]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ sʊw˧˧ fɪj˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ ʂʊw˧˧ fɪj˨˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ sʊw˧˧ fɪj˨˩]

Hoàng Su Phì (a rural district of Hà Giang, Vietnam)


Đông Hồ

→ English: Đông Hồ

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ho˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ how˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ how˨˩]

tranh Đông Hồ

Đông Hồ (a village in Song Hồ, Thuận Thành district, Bắc Ninh, Vietnam)

Đông Hồ (a ward of Hà Tiên, Kiên Giang, Vietnam)


Thanh Đảo

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[tʰan˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

Qingdao (a major prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, in eastern China)


Vu Gia

→ English: Vu Gia

[vʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[vʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[jʊw˧˧ jaː˧˧]

A river in Đại Lộc district, Quảng Nam province, Vietnam.


Đại Lộc

→ English: Đại Lộc

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

A district of Quảng Nam province, Vietnam.