Phi Luật Tân

[fi˧˧ lwət̚˧˨ʔ tən˧˧]

[fɪj˧˧ lwək̚˨˩ʔ təŋ˧˧]

[fɪj˧˧ l⁽ʷ⁾ək̚˨˩˨ təŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Phi Luật Tân.wav

Các cuộc nghiên cứu trước đây tại New York và Los Angeles đã thấy những di dân khá giả gốc Nhật Bản, Hàn Quốc, Ấn Độ, và Phi Luật Tân đều thích sống trong các khu đông người cùng gốc.

2013 June 28, Ngô Nhân Dụng, “Người Việt ở Mỹ nghèo hơn và học thấp hơn [Vietnamese-Americans are poorer and less well-educated]”, in Nguoi Viet Daily News, Westminster, California, retrieved 2022-02-05

Previous research from New York and Los Angeles has found that well-off immigrants from Japan, South Korea, India, and the Philippines all prefer to reside in neighborhoods predominantly of their ethnicity.

Vừa kiềm chế hải quân Pháp đã vào Đại Nam, vừa giảm ảnh hưởng của Tây Ban Nha từ Phi Luật Tân và cắm mốc đồng minh Anh trên đất Nhật Bản đối với Hoa Kỳ.

2015 September 15, Trần Vũ, “Việt Nam cần học gì từ quân sự Nhật? [What should Vietnam learn from the Japanese military?]”, in BBC News Vietnamese, London, retrieved 2022-02-05

While keeping French forces out of Đại Nam, they reduced Spanish influence from the Philippines and planted the flag of the British allies on Japan alongside the United States.

Dân Việt Nam lại tiếp tục sống với lợi tức bình quân $3,600 đô la một năm, gần bằng Phi Luật Tân, bằng một phần ba lợi tức dân Malaysia, một nửa dân Thái Lan, chỉ giàu hơn dân ba nước Campuchia, Lào và Miến Điện.

2021 December 13, Ngô Nhân Dụng, “Xây dựng chỉnh đốn mãi chưa xong [Still not finished building back better]”, in Voice of America, Washington, D.C., retrieved 2022-02-05

Vietnamese people continue to live with an average income of US$3,600 a year, approximately equal to the Philippines, a third of the income of Malaysians, half of Thais, and only higher than that of citizens of the three countries Cambodia, Laos, and Burma.

(dated) Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Ai-déc-bai-gian

[ʔaːj˧˧ zɛk̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʔaːj˧˧ jɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːj˧˧ jɛk̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


E-xtô-ni-a

[ʔɛ˧˧ sto˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɛ˧˧ stow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɛ˧˧ stow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Borrowed from Russian Эсто́ния (Estónija).


Nê-pan

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


Man-ta

[maːŋ˧˧ taː˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ taː˧˧]

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Ma-xê-đô-ni-a

[maː˧˧ se˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ sej˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ sej˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Xéc-bi

[sɛk̚˧˦ ʔɓi˧˧]

[sɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[sɛk̚˦˥ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Xlô-ven-ni-a

[slo˧˧ vɛn˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ vɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ vɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ jɛŋ˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Bô-xni-a Héc-xê-gô-vi-na

[ʔɓo˧˧ sni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ hɛk̚˧˦ se˧˧ ɣo˧˧ vi˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ snɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ hɛk̚˦˧˥ sej˧˧ ɣow˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ snɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ hɛk̚˦˥ sej˧˧ ɣow˧˧ vɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ snɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ hɛk̚˦˥ sej˧˧ ɣow˧˧ jɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Xlô-va-ki-a

[slo˧˧ vaː˧˧ ki˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ vaː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ vaː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[slow˧˧ jaː˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Ka-dắc-xtan

Alternative spelling of Ca-dắc-xtan: Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Crô-a-ti-a

[kɹo˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ ti˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kɹow˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kɹow˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Lich-ten-xtên

[lïk̟̚˧˧ tɛn˧˧ sten˧˧]

[lɨt̚˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧ sten˧˧]

[lɨt̚˧˧ tɛŋ˧˧ stəːn˧˧]

Liechtenstein (a microstate in Central Europe)


A-rập Xê-út

[ʔaː˧˧ zəp̚˧˨ʔ se˧˧ ʔut̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʐəp̚˨˩ʔ sej˧˧ ʔʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɹəp̚˨˩˨ sej˧˧ ʔʊk͡p̚˦˥]

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Xri Lan-ca

[sɹi˧˧ laːn˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səː˨˩ zi˧˧ laːn˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[sɹɪj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səː˦˩ ʐɪj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[sɹɪj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səː˨˩ ɹɪj˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sri Lanka (an island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India)


Băng-la-đét

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɗɛt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɗɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥]

From English Bangladesh, Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś).


Pa-pua Niu Ghi-nê

[paː˧˧ puə˧˧ niw˧˧ ɣi˧˧ ne˧˧]

[paː˧˧ puə˧˧ niw˧˧ ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]

[paː˧˧ puə˧˧ niw˧˧ ɣɪj˧˧ nej˧˧]

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Li-bi

[li˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]


Ê-ti-ô-pi-a

[ʔe˧˧ ti˧˧ ʔo˧˧ pi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʔow˧˧ pɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Gruzia

Alternative spelling of Gru-di-a: Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


延邊

chữ Hán form of Diên Biên (“Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture in Jilin, China)”).


An Tôn

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ toŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ toŋ˧˧]

(historical) A former village in Vĩnh Phúc district, in present-day Tây Giai commune, Vĩnh Lộc district, Thanh Hóa province, Vietnam. The Hồ dynasty moved the capital from Thăng Long to this location. (See Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty.)


Bảo Lộc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 保祿, from Koho B'Lao. Doublet of B'Lao.

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


Á Châu

- “Dạ, bẩm lạy Trời con xin thưa
Con tên Khắc Hiếu họ là Nguyễn
Quê ở Á Châu và Địa cầu
Sông Đà núi Tản nước Nam Việt”.
- Your Augustness, my Lord
My given name's Khắc Hiếu, my family name Nguyễn
I'm from Asia, Earth

1921, Tản Đà, Hầu Trời [Serving the Heavenly Lord]

I live near the Đà River and Tản Peak in Nanyue.

(dated or literary) Alternative spelling of Á châu


châu Âu

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[cəw˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

châu (“geopolitical continent”) + Âu (“Europe”), calque of Chinese 歐洲／欧洲 (Âu châu)


Á châu

[ʔaː˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞洲, composed of 亞 (“Asia”) and 洲 (“continent”).


Âu châu

[ʔəw˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔəw˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔəw˧˧ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歐洲, composed of 歐 (“Europe”) and 洲 (“continent”).


châu Á

head

châu Á • (洲亞)

vi-proper noun

châu Á • (洲亞)

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[cəw˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

châu (“geopolitical continent”) + Á (“Asia”), calque of Chinese 亞洲／亚洲 (Á châu).


TPHCM

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ ho˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ how˦˩ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦ mɨn˧˧]

Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh#Vietnamese

Initialism of Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (“Ho Chi Minh City”); HCMC


Thuận Hoá

[tʰwən˧˨ʔ hwaː˧˦]

[tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ hwaː˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ waː˦˥]

A commune of Tuyên Hoá district, Quảng Bình, Vietnam


vũng

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] puŋ⁶. Compare vụng (“gulf, lagoon”).

vũng nước trên mặt đường


張家口

Trương Gia Khẩu
Trương Gia Khẩu#Vietnamese

chữ Hán form of Trương Gia Khẩu (“Zhangjiakou (a prefecture-level city in Hebei, China)”).


Cao Miên

desc

Tai Dam: ꪀꪱꪫꪹꪢꪸꪙ

Tai Dam: ꪀꪱꪫꪹꪢꪸꪙ

[kaːw˧˧ miəŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ miəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高綿, an alternative form of 高棉 (Gāomián).

(dated) Cambodia (a country in Southeast Asia)


Căm Bốt

[kam˧˧ ʔɓot̚˧˦]

[kam˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˧˥]

[kam˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˥]


Nghệ Tĩnh

New Latin: Pseudoryx nghetinhensis

[ŋe˧˨ʔ tïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ŋej˨˩ʔ tɨn˧˨]

[ŋej˨˩˨ tɨn˨˩˦]

Xô viết Nghệ Tĩnh

the collective name of Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh, two North Central Coast provinces with great linguistic and cultural similarities


Ix-ra-en

[ʔi˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]


San Ma-ri-nô

[ʂaːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ʐɪj˧˧ now˧˧]

[saːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ʐɪj˧˧ now˧˧]

[ʂaːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ now˧˧]

[saːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ now˧˧]


Xéc-bi-a

[sɛk̚˧˦ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɛk̚˦˥ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Lít-ten-xơ-tên

[lit̚˧˦ tɛn˧˧ səː˧˧ ten˧˧]

[lit̚˦˧˥ tɛŋ˧˧ səː˧˧ ten˧˧]

[lɨt̚˦˥ tɛŋ˧˧ səː˧˧ təːn˧˧]


Xy-ri

[sɪj˧˧ ʐɪj˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


A-rập Thống nhất

[ʔaː˧˧ zəp̚˧˨ʔ tʰəwŋ͡m˧˦ ɲət̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʐəp̚˨˩ʔ tʰəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ɲək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɹəp̚˨˩˨ tʰəwŋ͡m˦˥ ɲək̚˦˥]


Ôn-đu-rát

[ʔon˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧ ɹaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔon˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧ zaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ ɹaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ ɹaːk̚˦˥]


Gia-mai-ca

[zaː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ maːj˧˧ kaː˧˧]


Cu-ba

[ku˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[kʊw˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[kʊw˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Bê-li-xê

[ʔɓe˧˧ li˧˧ se˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ lɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ lɪj˧˧ sej˧˧]


Ni-ca-ra-goa

[ni˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧]

[ni˧˧ kaː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧]

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Cốt-xta-ri-ca

[kot̚˧˦ staː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˧˥ staː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ staː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]


U-ru-goay

[ʔu˧˧ ɹu˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[ʔu˧˧ zu˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]


Ha-i-ti

[haː˧˧ ʔi˧˧ ti˧˧]

[haː˧˧ ʔɪj˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[haː˧˧ ʔɪj˧˧ tɪj˧˧]


Cư-rơ-gư-dơ-xtan

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ zəː˧˧ staːn˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ zəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ zəː˧˧ staːn˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ jəː˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

[kɨ˧˧ ɹəː˧˧ ɣɨ˧˧ jəː˧˧ staːŋ˧˧]

Alternative form of Cư-rơ-gư-xtan: Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Nam-mi-bi-a

[naːm˧˧ mi˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ mɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ mɪj˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Môn-tê-nê-grô

[mon˧˧ te˧˧ ne˧˧ ɣɹo˧˧]

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Xu-ri-nam

[su˧˧ ɹi˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[sʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[sʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ naːm˧˧]


Goa-tê-ma-la

[ɣwaː˧˧ te˧˧ maː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ɣwaː˧˧ tej˧˧ maː˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ɣwaː˧˧ tej˧˧ maː˧˧ laː˧˧]

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Cô-lôm-bi-a

[ko˧˧ lom˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kow˧˧ lom˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[kow˧˧ lom˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Pê-ru

[pej˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧]

[pej˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧]


Pa-na-ma

[paː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[paː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[paː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]


A-déc-bai-dan

[ʔaː˧˧ zɛk̚˧˦ ʔɓaːj˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ jɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ jɛk̚˦˥ ʔɓaːj˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Pa-ra-goay

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[paː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]

[paː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ɣwaj˧˧]


Grê-na-đa

[ɣɹe˧˧ naː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɣɹej˧˧ naː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɣɹej˧˧ naː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

Grenada (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Vê-nê-du-ê-la

[ve˧˧ ne˧˧ zu˧˧ ʔe˧˧ laː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Vê-nê-du-ê-la.wav


Ru-an-đa

[ɹu˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ɹʊw˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]


Tan-da-ni-a

[taːn˧˧ zaː˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[taːŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[taːŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


En Xan-va-đo

[ʔɛn˧˧ saːn˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ saːŋ˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ saːŋ˧˧ vaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʔɛŋ˧˧ saːŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


Dăm-bi-a

[zam˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[zam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[jam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[zam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[jam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Buốc-ki-na Pha-xô

[ʔɓuək̚˧˦ ki˧˧ naː˧˧ faː˧˧ so˧˧]

[ʔɓuək̚˦˧˥ kɪj˧˧ naː˧˧ faː˧˧ sow˧˧]

[ʔɓuək̚˦˥ kɪj˧˧ naː˧˧ faː˧˧ sow˧˧]

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Gha-na

[ɣaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gha-na.wav


Bu-run-đi

[ʔɓu˧˧ ɹun˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧]

[ʔɓu˧˧ zun˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ ɹun˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧]


Xô-ma-li

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Bô-li-vi-a

[ʔɓo˧˧ li˧˧ vi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ lɪj˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ lɪj˧˧ vɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓow˧˧ lɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Mô-dăm-bích

[mo˧˧ zam˧˧ ʔɓïk̟̚˧˦]

[mow˧˧ zam˧˧ ʔɓïk̟̚˦˧˥]

[mow˧˧ jam˧˧ ʔɓïk̟̚˦˧˥]

[mow˧˧ zam˧˧ ʔɓïk̟̚˦˥]

[mow˧˧ jam˧˧ ʔɓïk̟̚˦˥]

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Ga-bông

[ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]


Bê-nanh

[ʔɓe˧˧ najŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˧ nɛɲ˧˧]

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


Mô-ri-xơ

[mo˧˧ ɹi˧˧ səː˧˧]

[mo˧˧ zi˧˧ səː˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ səː˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ səː˧˧]

Mauritius (A country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)

Mauritius (The main island of the country of Mauritius)


Guy-a-na

[ɣwi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɣwɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ɣwɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ naː˧˧]


Ma-li

[maː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[maː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]


Ca-mơ-run

[kaː˧˧ məː˧˧ ɹun˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ məː˧˧ zun˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ məː˧˧ ɹun˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ məː˧˧ ɹʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


Găm-bi-a

[ɣam˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ɣam˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Gi-bu-ti

[zi˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧ ti˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ tɪj˧˧]

[jɪj˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ tɪj˧˧]


Ni-giê

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)


Dim-ba-bu-ê

[zim˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧ ʔe˧˧]

[zim˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔej˧˧]

[jim˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔej˧˧]

[zim˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔej˧˧]

[jim˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔej˧˧]

From Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Xê-nê-gan

[se˧˧ ne˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧]

[sej˧˧ nej˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]

[sej˧˧ nej˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧]


Ê-ri-tơ-rê-a

[ʔe˧˧ ɹi˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹe˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔe˧˧ zi˧˧ təː˧˧ ze˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹej˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹej˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Eritrea (a country in East Africa, on the Red Sea)


Bốt-xoa-na

[ʔɓot̚˧˦ swaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔɓok̚˦˧˥ swaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔɓok̚˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧ naː˧˧]


Xu-đăng

[su˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[sʊw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[sʊw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


U-gan-đa

[ʔu˧˧ ɣaːn˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ ɣaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


Si-ê-ra Lê-ôn

[si˧˧ ʔe˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ le˧˧ ʔon˧˧]

[si˧˧ ʔe˧˧ zaː˧˧ le˧˧ ʔon˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ lej˧˧ ʔoŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ lej˧˧ ʔoŋ˧˧]

[ʂɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ lej˧˧ ʔoŋ˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ lej˧˧ ʔoŋ˧˧]

Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone#English:_Q1044


Mô-ri-ta-ni

[mo˧˧ ɹi˧˧ taː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ taː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]


Phi-gi

[fɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[fɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

Fiji (a country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania)


Xây-sen

[səj˧˧ sɛn˧˧]

[səj˧˧ ʂɛŋ˧˧]

[səj˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

[səj˧˧ ʂɛŋ˧˧]

[səj˧˧ sɛŋ˧˧]

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Bru-nây

[ʔɓɹu˧˧ nəj˧˧]

[ʔɓɹʊw˧˧ nəj˧˧]

[ʔɓɹʊw˧˧ nəj˧˧]


Bu-tan

[ʔɓu˧˧ taːn˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


I-ran

[ʔi˧˧ ɹaːn˧˧]

[ʔi˧˧ zaːn˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Gioóc-đa-ni

[zɔk̚˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧ ni˧˧]

[jɔk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

[jɔk̚˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧ nɪj˧˧]

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Ô-man

[ʔo˧˧ maːn˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Man-đi-vơ

[maːn˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ vəː˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ jəː˧˧]

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


Đông Ti-mo

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ti˧˧ mɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɪj˧˧ mɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ tɪj˧˧ mɔ˧˧]

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


I-xra-en

[ʔi˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛn˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ sɹaː˧˧ ʔɛŋ˧˧]

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Ba-ranh

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ zajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹan˧˧]

A misrendering of French Bahreïn that assumes the "eïn" is pronounced the same as the more regular "ein" as /ɛ̃/, for example as in hein.


Y-ê-men

[ʔi˧˧ ʔe˧˧ mɛn˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ mɛŋ˧˧]

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Ma-đa-gát-xca

[maː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ɣaːt̚˧˦ skaː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ɣaːk̚˦˧˥ skaː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ɣaːk̚˦˥ skaː˧˧]

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


Anh Quốc

[ʔajŋ̟˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[ʔɛɲ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔan˧˧ wək̚˦˥]


Nam Xu-đăng

[naːm˧˧ su˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ sʊw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ sʊw˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˧]

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Ma-la-uy

[maː˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔwi˧˧]

[maː˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔwɪj˧˧]

[maː˧˧ laː˧˧ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧]


Cộng hoà Trung Phi

[kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fi˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

cộng hoà (“republic”) + Trung Phi (“Central Africa”).

compound

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Cáp-Ve

[kaːp̚˧˦ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˧˥ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˥ vɛ˧˧]

[kaːp̚˦˥ jɛ˧˧]

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Xoa-di-len

[swaː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾aː˧˧ jɪj˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


I-rắc

[ʔi˧˧ ɹak̚˧˦]

[ʔi˧˧ zak̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ɹak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ ɹak̚˦˥]

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Bác-ba-đốt

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗot̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗok̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗok̚˦˥]

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Hôn-đu-rát

[hon˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧ ɹaːt̚˧˦]

[hon˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧ zaːt̚˧˦]

[hoŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ ɹaːk̚˦˧˥]

[hoŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ ɹaːk̚˦˥]


Cốt-xta Ri-ca

[kot̚˧˦ staː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˧˥ staː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[kok̚˦˥ staː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


Tri-ni-đát và Tô-ba-gô

[t͡ɕi˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔɗaːt̚˧˦ vaː˨˩ to˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣo˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔɗaːk̚˦˧˥ vaː˦˩ tow˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔɗaːk̚˦˥ vaː˨˩ tow˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

[ʈɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔɗaːk̚˦˥ jaː˨˩ tow˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ ɣow˧˧]

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands in the Caribbean)


Ba-ha-mát

[ʔɓaː˧˧ haː˧˧ maːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ haː˧˧ maːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ haː˧˧ maːk̚˦˥]

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Đô-mi-ni-ca

[ʔɗo˧˧ mi˧˧ ni˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗow˧˧ mɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʔɗow˧˧ mɪj˧˧ nɪj˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


An-ti-goa và Bác-bu-đa

[ʔaːn˧˧ ti˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧ vaː˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ʔɓu˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧ vaː˦˩ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧ vaː˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ɣwaː˧˧ jaː˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in the Caribbean)


thung lũng

[tʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥]

[tʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[tʰʊwŋ͡m˧˧ lʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-thung lũng.wav

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ(h) or *luuŋh; cognate with Khmer លុង (lung). See also lủng (“having a hole, be perforated”) and trũng (“be lower than surrounding surface”). Doublet of lũng.


sông băng

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˧˧]


Mĩ Quốc

[mi˦ˀ˥ kuək̚˧˦]

[mɪj˧˨ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[mɪj˨˩˦ wək̚˦˥]

Trong góc quán, hai người con gái tuổi độ mười tám, tóc cắt ngắn, mặc áo thun có in những hàng chữ U.S.A và lá cờ Mỹ quốc.

2011, Phong Thu, “Sài Gòn, một thuở hẹn hò”, in The Rain Still Falls in Saigon, Xlibris Corporation, page 345

In the corner of the café, two girls of around eighteen, hair cut short, wearing T-shirts with the letters U.S.A. and an American flag printed on them.

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


suối

vi-noun

(classifier con, dòng) suối • (𤂬, 𣷮, 𱧎, 㵊)

con (classifier)
dòng (classifier)
𤂬 (CJK)
𣷮 (CJK)
㵊 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-suối.wav

From a Tai language (cf. Proto-Tai *qrwɤjꟲ (“mountain stream”), whence Thai ห้วย (hûai)).


cù lao

Anonymous, included in 1999, Mã Giang Lân (compiler), Tục ngữ và ca dao Việt Nam (Vietnamese proverbs and folk-ballads), NXB Giáo dục (Vietnam Education Publishing House), 5th edition
Bớt đồng thì bớt cù lao,
Bớt ăn, bớt uống thì tao bớt làm.
Less pay, then less toil;
Less food, less water, then less I'll work.

Cù lao đội đức cao dày,

15th century, Nguyễn Trãi (attributed), Gia huấn ca (Family Training Ode), lines 99-100

Uphold (your parents') lofty, weighty, virtuous toils!
Be steadfastly filial and reverent (towards them) night and day!


Hội An

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔaːn˧˧]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Hội An (a city in Quảng Nam province, Vietnam)


Lào Cai

→ English: Lào Cai

From Hmong, from Chinese 老街 (MC lawX keaj) (SV: lão nhai).


Nha Trang

[ɲaː˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

Possibly from Eastern Cham ꨀꨳꨩꨓꨴꩃ (Aia-Trang, literally “Reed River”), the Cham name for the Cái River.


Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu

→ English: Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ziə˧˨ʔ vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ taw˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ ʐiə˨˩ʔ vʊwŋ͡m˧˨ taw˦˩]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ɹiə˨˩˨ vʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ta(ː)w˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ ɹiə˨˩˨ jʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ta(ː)w˨˩]

Bà Rịa + Vũng Tàu.
:"Bà Rịa": means "Mrs. Rịa", named after Nguyễn Thị Rịa. Ancient Chinese documents such as the New Book of Tang mention the chiefdom of Poli (婆利). Maybe it's Brunei/Borneo, not Bà Rịa.
:"Vũng Tàu": vũng + tàu, means "ships puddle". It is possible that its original meaning was "Bay of Ships" referring to the nearby Gành Rái Bay.

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu
Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu#English

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu (a province of Vietnam)


Đồng Tháp

→ English: Đồng Tháp

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˦˥]

The shortened form of Đồng Tháp Mười. đồng (“field”) + tháp (“tower”) + mười (“ten”). Refers to the story of the towers in Chenla Kingdom.


Bình Phước

→ English: Bình Phước

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ fɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ fɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ fɨək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平福. Doublet of Bằng Phúc and Bình Phúc.


Đồng Nai

→ English: Đồng Nai

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

According to folk etymology, from đồng (“field”) + nai (“deer”), hence "field of deer". Alternatively, from the Mạ word for "river" (comparable to Koho ɗəːŋ) and the word nai above. Or from Cham.


Kiên Giang

→ English: Kiên Giang

[kiən˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Khánh Hoà

→ English: Khánh Hoà

[kʰɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]

[xɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]


Bình Thuận

→ English: Bình Thuận

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


An Giang

→ English: An Giang

[ʔaːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Điện Biên

→ English: Điện Biên

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]


Lâm Đồng

→ English: Lâm Đồng

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]


Phú Yên

→ English: Phú Yên

[fu˧˦ ʔiən˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˦ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Hậu Giang

→ English: Hậu Giang

[həw˧˨ʔ zaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩ʔ jaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩˨ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後江 (“back river”). Doublet of sông Hậu.

doublet

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sông Hậu</i>


Ninh Thuận

→ English: Ninh Thuận

[nïŋ˧˧ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


Thừa Thiên Huế

→ English: Thừa Thiên Huế

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiən˧˧ hwe˧˦]

[tʰɨə˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ hwej˨˩˦]

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ wej˦˥]


Long An

→ English: Long An

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lɔŋ˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]


Bến Tre

→ English: Bến Tre

[ʔɓen˧˦ t͡ɕɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓen˦˧˥ ʈɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˦˥ ʈɛ˧˧]


Bình Dương

→ English: Bình Dương

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bình Dương.wav


Bắc Giang

→ English: Bắc Giang

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]


Vĩnh Phúc

→ English: Vĩnh Phúc

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ fʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[vɨn˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[vɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 永福. Doublet of Vĩnh Phước.


Tiền Giang

→ English: Tiền Giang

[tiən˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前江 (“front river”). Doublet of sông Tiền.

doublet

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sông Tiền</i>


Bình Định

→ English: Bình Định

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平定 (“subjugation”).


Bắc Ninh

→ English: Bắc Ninh

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ nïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ nɨn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ nɨn˧˧]


Cao Bằng

→ English: Cao Bằng

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高平, with Northern reading of the second character.


Hoà Bình

→ English: Hoà Bình

[hwaː˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[hwaː˦˩ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waː˨˩ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Quảng Ninh

→ English: Quảng Ninh

[kwaːŋ˧˩ nïŋ˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ nɨn˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ nɨn˧˧]


Tây Ninh

→ English: Tây Ninh

[təj˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西寧 (“West Peaceful”). Because the province is located on the western border of Vietnam, the name prays for the peace and stability of the border area.


Yên Bái

→ English: Yên Bái

[ʔiən˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˦˥]


Vĩnh Long

→ English: Vĩnh Long

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


Tuyên Quang

→ English: Tuyên Quang

[twiəŋ˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]


Hà Nam

→ English: Hà Nam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河南 (“South of The River”). Refers to the fact that it is located south of the Red River. Or a combination of Vietnamese Hà Nội and Nam Định because it is located between these two provinces.


Hưng Yên

→ English: Hưng Yên

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiən˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Hà Giang

→ English: Hà Giang

[haː˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Perhaps a combination of Sino-Vietnamese word from 河 and non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊 (SV: dương), as written in Đồng Khánh địa dư chí in 1887.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dương</i>


Quảng Nam

→ English: Quảng Nam

[waːŋ˨˩˦ naːm˧˧]

Phố cổ Hội An nằm ở tỉnh Quảng Nam, đã tồn tại từ hơn năm thế kỉ.
The old quarter of Hội An is located at Quảng Nam province and existed for more than five centuries.


Bắc Kạn

→ English: Bắc Kạn

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ kaːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kaːŋ˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 北扞 (SV: Bắc Cản). However, the origin is said to be from Tày Pác Kản, currently the meaning is unclear. Besides, according to some documents, the name "Bắc Kạn" is derived from pác cạm (“gateway”) or pác cáp (“the intersection between streams”).


Lạng Sơn

→ English: Lạng Sơn

[laːŋ˧˨ʔ səːn˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ səːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ səːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 諒山 (SV: Lượng Sơn). "諒" is a phonetic transcription from Tày lủng (“valley”).


Nam Định

→ English: Nam Định

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


Lai Châu

→ English: Lai Châu

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萊州. From Tai Dam Mường Lay, the capital of the former Lai Châu Province (1962-1992). From ꪹꪣꪉ + lay.
 Currently Mường Lay Town belongs to Điện Biên Province.


Hải Dương

→ English: Hải Dương

[haːj˧˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

城東𩈘鎮海陽暈紅𣋽𤍊𡬷󰱺威𡗶𨑮糁縣滝𣳢𦂾錦城六稜高湿鐄磋
Thành Đông mặt trấn Hải Dương,Vầng hồng sớm tỏ, tấc gang oai Trời.Mười tám huyện, sông ngòi dệt gấm,Thành lục lăng, cao thấp vàng xây.
The Eastern Fort in the province of Hải Dương,Received the early sunlight, always inches away from the power of Heaven.Rivers and streams weave into brocade throughout [the province's] eighteen districts,The hexagonal fort, tall or low, was painted golden.

19th century, Hải Dương phong vật khúc dụng quốc âm ca (海陽風物曲用國音歌)


Cần Thơ

[kən˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

Unknown. One theory proposes that this is a corruption of Cầm Thi in Cầm Thi Giang (literally “river of poems”), a poetic name given by Gia Long for a river nearby. Another legend has it that this is a combination of rau cần (“water dropwort”) + rau thơm (“mint”), both products of the Cần Thơ area in ancient times.
The suggestions above are both certainly folk etymologies. The Cần in placenames almost always reflects a presyllable of the shape kVN- in Khmer (where N is a nasal), compare Cần Giờ (from Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)), Cần Giuộc (from Khmer កន្ទួត (kɑɑntuət)), Cần Vọt/Cần Bột (from Khmer កំពត (kɑmpɔɔt)). Still, it is not known which specific Khmer item Cần Thơ was borrowed from.

ncog

Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)


Thái Nguyên

→ English: Thái Nguyên

[tʰaːj˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太原 (“Large Plain”). To indicate the midland topography of the province and around the city.

vi-etym-sino

Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China)


Quảng Bình

→ English: Quảng Bình

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Thái Bình

→ English: Thái Bình

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平 (“great peace”). Doublet of Thới Bình.


Ninh Bình

→ English: Ninh Bình

[nïŋ˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Sơn La

→ English: Sơn La

[səːn˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]


Kon Tum

→ English: Kon Tum

[kɔŋ˧˧ tum˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

Explained in some Vietnamese sources as being from a Bahnar phrase meaning "lake village". However, no such matching elements can be found, the closest is probably kơtu (“old abandoned village”). Even using possible "variants" of the first syllable (such as kông and kom, Bahnar's vowel length distinction also taken into account) yields little, except for maybe akŏm (“to meet together, to gather things”). In Bahnar, "village" is pơlei, while "lake, pond" is dơnŏu.


Bạc Liêu

→ English: Bạc Liêu

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ liəw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ liw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ liw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 薄寮 (“poor neighborhood”). Or from Khmer ប៉ុស្តិ៍លាវ (bŏstិ៍លាវ, “Lao post”) or Khmer ពលលាវ (pɔɔlliəw, “Lao post”). In the past, this place name is written as 北遼 (SV: Bắc Liêu) because the character 薄 has a bad meaning.


Quảng Ngãi

→ English: Quảng Ngãi

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ŋaːj˦ˀ˥]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ŋaːj˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ŋaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廣義, with the South Central-Southern form of the second character.


Quảng Trị

→ English: Quảng Trị

[kwaːŋ˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʈɪj˨˩˨]


ngòi

Ong mật chích để lại ngòi.

Honey bees left behind their stinger after stinging.


Quy Nhơn

[kwi˧˧ ɲəːn˧˧]

[kwɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

[wɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

Perhaps a Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸仁, literally "to return to humanity/compassion/benevolence", with the Central-Southern reading of the second character. An earlier name was 懷仁／怀仁 (Hoài Nhơn), with a similar literal meaning. Another interpretation is a Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸人 (“a returner; a person who returns”) (SV: Quy Nhơn).


Phan Rang

[faːn˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

From Eastern Cham Pandarang, from Old Cham Panduranga (paṅrauṅ/panrāṅ), from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba).

cog

Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm
Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm#English

(colloquial) Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm (a city in Vietnam)


Biển Đen

[ʔɓiən˧˩ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


sông Cửu Long

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

sông (“river”) + Cửu Long (九龍, “nine dragons”), literally “River of the Nine Dragons”, referring to the nine main distributaries of the Mekong in its lower reaches before it enters the sea.
An alternative theory holds that Cửu Long 九龍 (MC kjuwX ljowng) is essentially a disyllabified, Sino-Vietnamese phono-semantic matching of Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), whence Modern Vietnamese sông. Although this practice is widely attested (compare Dóng vs. Phù Đổng, Trầu vs. Phù Lưu, Trèm vs. Từ Liêm), the geographical remoteness from the Vietnamese heartland (Northern and North Central Vietnam) and the rather recent settlement history of Vietnamese speakers in the region may cast some doubt on the theory.

psm

The collective name for the distributaries of the Mekong River in Vietnam's territory.


Nam Vang

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

Corruption of Khmer ភ្នំពេញ (phnum pɨñ).

Ðể đi mua ít ổ bánh mì, vài hộp cá mòi, đem lên xe mình ăn, rồi chiều lên Nam Vang sẽ ăn cơm.

1929, Hồ Biểu Chánh, “Vợ chồng trái ý [The disagreeing couple]”, in Khóc thầm [Crying in the dark], via Vietnamese Wikisource

Let me go buy a small number of loaves of bread and a few sardine cans; we can eat it on the road, and when we get to Phnom Penh this afternoon we can eat a proper meal.


rạch

Possibly nominalized derivative of the verb rạch.


giồng

Northern Vietnam form of trồng (“to plant”)


Thâm Quyến

[tʰəm˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ wiəŋ˦˥]

Shenzhen (a major subprovincial city in Guangdong, in southeastern China)


Đất Mũi

[ʔɗət̚˧˦ muj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗək̚˦˧˥ muj˧˨]

[ʔɗək̚˦˥ muj˨˩˦]

From đất (“land”) + mũi (“cape”, as in mũi Cà Mau (“Cape Cà Mau”)).

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mũi Cà Mau</i> (“Cape Cà Mau”)


sông ngòi

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɔj˨˩]

rivers and streams; waterway (generally speaking)


Quảng Châu

[kwaːŋ˧˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Vũng Tàu

[vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ taw˨˩]

From vũng + tàu, literally "ship's puddle".


Rạch Giá

[zajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zaː˧˦]

[ʐat̚˨˩ʔ jaː˨˩˦]

[ɹat̚˨˩˨ jaː˦˥]

From rạch (“small irrigation canal”) + giá (“bean sprouts”).
According to another etymology, the city name possibly from Khmer ក្រមួនស (krâmuŏnsâ, “white wax”). But, this phonological change lacks conviction. Specifically, *kra is easier to become *tra / *trác and *sa is easier to become *sa. In the Southern dialects, giá is pronounced with a voiced palatal consonant approximant /j/, so it is unlikely that the voiceless /s/ becomes voiced /z/. (compare Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Sa Đéc, etc).


bàu

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) pond, pool


hồ Hoàn Kiếm

hồ (“lake”) + hoàn (“to return”) + kiếm (“sword”), from the legend in which Lê Lợi returned the sword he borrowed from the Golden Turtle God after defeating Ming invaders. The turtle god is, of course, fictional, but there is an actual symbolic turtle in the lake.


Y Pha Nho

[ʔi˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

[ʔɪj˧˧ faː˧˧ ɲɔ˧˧]

(obsolete) Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Pleiku

[pəː˨˩ ləj˧˧ ku˧˧]

[pəː˦˩ ləj˧˧ kʊw˧˧]

[pəː˨˩ ləj˧˧ kʊw˧˧]

Borrowed from Jarai Plơi Kơdưr (literally “northern or high village”); the spelling is adapted from earlier Plei-Kou-Derr, Plei Ku Der, used during the French colonial period.

bor

Pleiku (city in the central highland region of Vietnam)


Tây Nguyên

[təj˧˧ ŋwiən˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西原, composed of 西 (“west”) and 原 (“field”), equivalent to a blend of tây (“west”) + cao nguyên (“highland”).

blend

Central Highlands (a region in Southwestern Central Vietnam)


đìa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 池 (“pond”, SV: trì).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trì</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) numerous; over head and ears (in debt)


U Minh

[ʔu˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 幽冥, composed of 幽 (“gloomy”) and 冥 (“darkness”).


cố đô

[ko˧˦ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kow˨˩˦ ʔɗow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 故都, composed of 故 (“old”) and 都 (“capital”).

cố đô Huế


Cam Bốt

[kaːm˧˧ ʔɓot̚˧˦]

[kaːm˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˧˥]

[kaːm˧˧ ʔɓok̚˦˥]


Chân Lạp

[t͡ɕən˧˧ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ laːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[cəŋ˧˧ laːp̚˨˩˨]


xuôi

về xuôi

to go back to the lowlands where one came from


Cửa Hàn

→ French: Tourane, Touron

→ English: Tourane, Touron

[kɨə˧˩ haːn˨˩]

[kɨə˧˨ haːŋ˦˩]

[kɨə˨˩˦ haːŋ˨˩]

From cửa (“entrance; mouth”) + Hàn (“Hàn River”), literally “the mouth of the Hàn River”.

com

Đà Nẵng
Đà Nẵng


Hạ Long

[haː˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


Phúc Kiến

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˥ kiəŋ˦˥]


Á Đông

Sino-Vietnamese word from 亞東, composed of 亞 and 東 (“east”), from Chinese 亞東／亚东 (yàdōng).

vi-etym-sino

[ʔaː˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Yadong (a county of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Mễ

(Overseas Vietnamese or obsolete) Mexican


Davao

[ʔɗaː˧˦ vaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˨˩˦ vaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ vaːw˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˦˥ jaːw˧˧]

Davao City (an independent city, the largest in Davao del Sur, Philippines)


Cộng hoà Nhân dân Trung Hoa

共和人民中華 (CJK)

[kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩ ɲən˧˧ zən˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaː˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩ ɲəŋ˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ waː˧˧]

cộng hoà (“republic”) + nhân dân (“people”) + Trung Hoa (“China”), calque of Mandarin 中華人民共和國／中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó, Trung Hoa Nhân dân Cộng hoà quốc).

cal

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English


Thái Sơn

[tʰaːj˧˦ səːn˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ səːŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ səːŋ˧˧]

Công cha như núi Thái Sơn,
Nghĩa mẹ như nước trong nguồn chảy ra.
Một lòng thờ mẹ, kính cha,

A father’s sacrifice is as strong as the Tai Mountain,
A mother’s love is like water flowing from the source.
With all my heart I respect and honour my parents,
To uphold the filial piety is my duty as a son/daughter.

Mount Tai (a mountain in Shandong, China)


sông suối

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ suəj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂuj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ suj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂuj˦˥]


Thường Nga

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ ŋaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 嫦娥, from Chinese 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).


Đại Liên

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ liən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ liəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ liəŋ˧˧]

Dalian (a major subprovincial city in Liaoning, in northeastern China)


Hồng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅, 洪, 鴻 and so on. Doublet of Hường.

(sông ~) Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


Tây Nam Bộ

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西 (“west”) and 南部 (“Southern Vietnam”).

vi-etym-sino

(formal) Southwestern Vietnam; Mekong Delta (a region of Vietnam)


Trung Bộ

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中部, composed of 中 (“central”) and 部 (“portion”).


Bắc Bộ

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北部, composed of 北 (“northern”) and 部 (“portion”).

vịnh Bắc Bộ


Bắc Trung Bộ

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北中部, composed of 北 (“north; northern”) and 中部 (“Central Vietnam”).

North Central Coast
w:North Central Coast

North Central Coast (a region of Vietnam)


Nam Bộ

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Bộ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南部, composed of 南 (“southern”) and 部 (“portion”).


Hồ Gươm

[ho˨˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

[how˦˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

[how˨˩ ɣɨəm˧˧]

Synonym of hồ Hoàn Kiếm (“Hoàn Kiếm Lake”)


đụn

head

đụn • (囤, 庉, 𣜲, 𫃉)

vi-noun

đụn • (囤, 庉, 𣜲, 𫃉)

[ʔɗʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

đụn cát


eo biển

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

eo (“waist”) + biển (“sea”), literally “waist of the sea”.


Fansipan

[faːŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˧ paŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˧ paŋ˧˧]

Fansipan (the highest mountain in Vietnam and in the Indochinese peninsula)


Dương Sóc

[zɨəŋ˧˧ sawk͡p̚˧˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ ʂawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ ʂawk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sawk͡p̚˦˥]

Yangshuo (a county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


Tân Cương

[tən˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ kɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tân Cương.wav

Audio (Hà Nội)

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


Nội Mông

[noj˧˨ʔ məwŋ͡m˧˧]

[noj˨˩ʔ məwŋ͡m˧˧]

[noj˨˩˨ məwŋ͡m˧˧]

Ellipsis of Nội Mông Cổ (“Inner Mongolia”), an autonomous region of China


Đài Trung

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


cửa sông

[kɨə˧˩ səwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˧˨ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˧˨ səwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˨˩˦ ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kɨə˨˩˦ səwŋ͡m˧˧]


kinh đô

[kïŋ˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 京都, composed of 京 (“capital”) and 都 (“city; capital”).


Chiết Giang

[t͡ɕiət̚˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕiək̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ciək̚˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]


Giang Tô

[zaːŋ˧˧ to˧˧]


Tô Châu

[to˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[tow˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

Suzhou (a prefecture-level city in Jiangsu, China)


Kinh Đô

[kïŋ˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

[kɨn˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 京都, from Japanese 京都 (Kyōto).

Chim đỗ quyên hót
ở Kinh đô

Matsuo Bashō's haiku, translated by Đoàn Lê Giang

even in Kyoto
hearing the cuckoo's cry
I long for Kyoto.
(literally, “The cuckoo's singing
here in Kyoto
I long for Kyoto.”)

(rare, literary) Synonym of Ki-ô-tô (“Kyoto”), The capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and former capital of Japan


Hà thành

[haː˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[haː˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

Blend of Hà Nội + thành phố; Sino-Vietnamese word from 河城, composed of 河 and 城.


bưng biền

[ʔɓɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiən˨˩]

[ʔɓɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩]


Đại Hàn Dân Quốc

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ haːn˨˩ zən˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ haːŋ˦˩ jəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ haːŋ˨˩ jəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Đại Hàn Dân Quốc.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大韓民國, composed of 大 (“great”), 韓 (“Korea”) and 民國 (“republic”), from Korean 대한민국 (Daehanmin'guk, literally “People's State of Great Han”), coined by Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea perhaps on the model of both or either of:
* The already established Chinese 中華民國／中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó, “Republic of China”, literally “People's State of Zhonghua”) (Trung Hoa Dân Quốc), whose name was purposefully coined by Sun Yat-sen.
* The antecedent 대한 제국 (Daehan jeguk, “Korean Empire”, literally “Emperor's State of Great Han”), whose name and governance were inspired by the Japanese 大日本帝國 (Dai-Nippon-Teikoku, “Empire of Japan”, literally “Emperor's State of Great Japan”).
The very first article of the current Constitution of the Republic of Korea references the terms 민국 (min'guk, “republic”), 민주 (minju, “democratic; republican”) and 공화국 (gonghwaguk, “republic”) just like its counterpart of the Republic of China.
대한민국은 민주공화국이다.
Daehanmin'gugeun minjugonghwagugida.
The Republic of Korea shall be a democratic republic.

quote

대한민국은 민주공화국이다.


nước Tàu

[nɨək̚˧˦ taw˨˩]

[nɨək̚˦˧˥ taw˦˩]


Cao Man

[kaːw˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]


Phú Quý

[fʊw˨˩˦ kwɪj˨˩˦]

[fʊw˦˥ wɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 富貴 (“wealthy and respectable”).

vi-etym-sino

Phú Quý (an island district in Bình Thuận, Vietnam)


sông Hàn

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːn˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

sông (“river”) + Cửa Hàn (“one of the old names of Đà Nẵng”). In the past, Hàn was written in chữ Hán as 瀚 (SV: hãn).
The eggcorn sense comes from confusion between Hán (漢, the character used for China/Han or the Han River in Korea) and Hàn (韓, the character used for the nation of (South) Korea).

com

the Hàn River (a river in Danang, Vietnam)


Hồng Bàng

An Dương Vương
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Later Trần dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Đinh dynasty

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Hồng Bàng (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Bắc Ai-len

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔaːj˧˧ lɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔaːj˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔaːj˧˧ lɛŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bắc Ai-len.wav

bắc (“north”) + Ai-len (“Ireland”), calque of English Northern Ireland.


xứ Uên

[sɨ˧˦ ʔwen˧˧]

[sɨ˨˩˦ ʔwen˧˧]

[sɨ˦˥ (ʔ)wəːn˧˧]

From xứ (“land; country”) + Uên (“Wales”), calque of French pays de Galles (literally “country of Wales”).


Tô Cách Lan

[tow˧˧ kat̚˦˧˥ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蘇格蘭, from Mandarin 蘇格蘭／苏格兰 (Sūgélán), from English Scotland.

Đức Thánh Cha Phanxicô cũng đang lên kế hoạch cho một số chuyến đi trong những tháng tới: đầu tiên đến Hung Gia Lợi và Slovakia vào tháng 9 và sau đó là Tô Cách Lan vào tháng 11.

2021 July 13, “Chung quanh tin Đức Giáo Hoàng sẽ thoái vị trong vài giờ nữa”, in VietCatholic News, Garden Grove, California, sourced from Catholic News Agency, retrieved 2022-02-05

The Holy Father Pope Francis is also planning some trips in the next months: first to Hungary and Slovakia in September, then to Scotland in November.


Tô Cách Lan

[tow˧˧ kat̚˦˧˥ laːŋ˧˧]

Lần này Hughes tin rằng ông bầu người Tô Cách Lan đã đích thân liên quan đến quyết định bán Ronaldo.

2009 June 12, “Thị trường chuyển nhượng tại Anh sẽ 'sôi động' [The English transfer market is about to get 'hot']”, in BBC News Vietnamese, London, retrieved 2022-02-05

This time, Hughes believes the Scottish manager was personally involved in choosing to sell Ronaldo.


Bắc Hà

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ haː˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ haː˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北河.
bắc (“north”) + hà (“river”).

Lào Cai Province
Lào Cai Province#English

A district of Lào Cai Province, Vietnam.


Á-Âu

[ʔaː˧˦ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ ʔəw˧˧]

lục địa Á-Âu

đại lục Á-Âu


Âu-Á

[ʔəw˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[ʔəw˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[ʔəw˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

lục địa Á-Âu

đại lục Á-Âu


Xiêm La

Sino-Vietnamese word from 暹羅, from Chinese 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó)


Lốt

Clipping of Lốt An-giơ-lét, from English Los Angeles

(informal, US) LA, Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


Têhêrăng

[te˧˧ he˧˧ ɹaŋ˧˧]

Chúng tôi tin rằng các nước Đồng minh đã công nhận những nguyên tắc dân tộc bình đẳng ở các Hội nghị Têhêrăng và Cựu Kim Sơn, quyết không thể không công nhận quyền độc lập của dân Việt Nam.

1945 September 2, Ho Chi Minh, Tuyên ngôn độc lập Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa [Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam], Hanoi

We are convinced that the Allied nations, which at Tehran and San Francisco have acknowledged the principles of self-determination and equality of nations, will not refuse to acknowledge the independence of Vietnam.


Cựu Kim Sơn

[kɨw˨˩ʔ kim˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩ʔ kim˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩˨ kim˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[kɨw˨˩˨ kim˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

Hội Người Việt Cao Niên Vùng Vịnh Cựu Kim Sơn phối hợp với các hội đoàn khác tổ chức Lễ Giỗ Quốc Tổ Hùng Vương lúc 11 giờ sáng tại Yerba Buena High School…

2019 March 23, “Sinh hoạt cộng đồng [Community activities]”, in Vietnam Daily News, San Jose, California

The San Francisco Bay Area Elderly Vietnamese Association will meet with other groups to commemorate the Hùng Kings' Festival at 11 in the morning at Yerba Buena High School…

(dated) San Francisco (a city in California)


Ngọc Lân

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ lən˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ləŋ˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ ləŋ˧˧]

From English New Orleans, in the style of a Vietnamese place name.

Ngọc-Lân không phải con kỳ-lân bằng ngọc mà là một loại phiên âm lạ đời của đồng bào ta ở đây để chỉ New Orleans.

1987 July 31, P.D.T., “Ngọc Lân, tình lắm anh ơi”, in Lá Thư Ái Hữu Công Chánh, number 39, page 30

Ngọc Lân is not a unicorn made of jade but rather a bizarre phonetic transcription by our compatriots here to refer to New Orleans.

Thành-phố New Orleans, được đồng-hương đặt tên lại là NGỌC-LÂN cho dễ đọc, là một trong những thành-phố có nhiều màu sắc tại Mỹ.

1996 May 31, Lê Thành Trinh, “Thành phố Ngọc Lân tại Louisiana [The City of New Orleans, Louisiana]”, in Ái Hữu Công Chánh, number 67 (PDF), page 73

The city of New Orleans, named Ngọc Lân by compatriots for convenience, is one of the most colorful cities in America.

Cuối năm 1975, đã có 600 người Việt cư ngụ tại Châu thành Ngọc Lân nhỏ bé thân thương này.

2014 May 21, Phaolô Nguyễn Văn Tùng, “Giáo Đoàn Công Giáo Việt Nam Tổng Giáo Phận New Orleans [Vietnamese Catholic Congregation in the Archdiocese of New Orleans]”, in VietCatholic News

By the end of 1975, there were 600 Vietnamese residents in this tiny, beloved part of New Orleans.

Riêng trong vùng New Orleans, sau sáu (6) năm êm ấm sinh sống ổn định, hàng ngàn người Việt từ khắp nơi nghe đến xứ sở Ngọc Lân vùng nắng ấm tình người đều muốn tuôn về cư ngụ.

2021, “Lịch Sử Giáo Xứ [Parish History]”, in Giáo Xứ Maria Nữ Vương Việt Nam [Mary Queen of Vietnam Church], Mary Queen of Vietnam Church, retrieved 2023-02-04

In New Orleans alone, after six (6) years living in harmony and stability, thousands of Vietnamese from all over heard of New Orleans, a land of sun and warmth, and all wanted to stream in to live there.

(US) New Orleans (a city in Louisiana, United States)


Xăng Phăng

[saŋ˧˧ faŋ˧˧]

[saŋ˧˧ faŋ˧˧]

[saŋ˧˧ faŋ˧˧]

Nhưng khi vừa xuống phi trường Xăng Phăng…

2005 October 15, Kiêm Ái, “Nếu… [If…]”, in Tiếng Dân, number 174, San Jose, California: SaigonUSA News

But as soon as he stepped foot outside the San Francisco airport…

Vì vùng San Jose, “Xăng Phăng” đất đai nhà cửa quá mắc nên nhiều hãng xưởng dọn về đây và chợ Việt, chợ Tàu mọc lên như nấm. Không như Bolsa khu chợ Việt nằm gần nhau, ở “Sắc Tô” khu thương mại Việt Nam nằm rải rác trên con đường Stockton.

2008 September 8, Trịnh Hảo Tâm, “Về Thủ Đô Sacramento”, in Vietnam Daily News, San Jose, California: Pacific Press, archived from the original on 2017-11-18

Because housing around San Jose and "San Fran" is so expensive, many companies have moved here, and Vietnamese and Chinese markets have popped up like mushrooms. Unlike how the Vietnamese districts on Bolsa [in Little Saigon] are located close to each other, in "Sac" the Vietnamese commercial districts are scattered along Stockton Boulevard.

(informal, US) San Francisco (a city in California), San Fran


Hạ Uy Di

[haː˧˨ʔ ʔwi˧˧ zi˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ ʔwɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ (ʔ)wɪj˧˧ jɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hạ Uy Di.wav


Ngũ Đại Hồ

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ho˨˩]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ how˦˩]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ how˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五大湖 (“five great lakes”).

vi-etym-sino

Great Lakes (group of five lakes on the United States-Canada border)


Nội Mông Cổ

[noj˧˨ʔ məwŋ͡m˧˧ ko˧˩]

[noj˨˩˨ məwŋ͡m˧˧ kow˨˩˦]

Inner Mongolia (an autonomous region of China)


Hoàn Kiếm

[hwaːŋ˦˩ kiəm˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 還劍, composed of 還 (“to return”) and 劍 (“sword”), from hồ Hoàn Kiếm.


Nam Triều Tiên

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕiəw˨˩ tiən˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʈiw˦˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʈiw˨˩ tiəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Triều Tiên.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南朝鮮, from Korean 남조선 (Namjoseon).


Ninh Hạ

[nïŋ˧˧ haː˧˨ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ haː˨˩ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ haː˨˩˨]


Quảng Tây

[kwaːŋ˧˩ təj˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ təj˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ təj˧˧]


Thanh Hải

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ haːj˧˩]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ haːj˧˨]


Vân Nam

[vəŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[vəŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]

[jəŋ˧˧ naːm˧˧]


Hắc Long Giang

[hak̚˧˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[hak̚˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[hak̚˦˧˥ lɔŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[hak̚˦˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Liêu Ninh

[liəw˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]


Giang Tây

[zaːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[jaːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]


Hà Bắc

[haː˨˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[haː˦˩ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[haː˨˩ ʔɓak̚˦˥]


Sơn Đông

[səːn˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


Quý Châu

[kwi˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[kwɪj˨˩˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[wɪj˦˥ cəw˧˧]


An Huy

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ hwɪj˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ wɪj˧˧]


Hồ Bắc

[ho˨˩ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[how˦˩ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[how˨˩ ʔɓak̚˦˥]


Cam Túc

[kaːm˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cam Túc.wav


Sơn Tây

[səːn˧˧ təj˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

Sơn Tây (a district of Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam)


Thiểm Tây

[tʰiəm˧˩ təj˧˧]

[tʰiəm˧˨ təj˧˧]

[tʰim˨˩˦ təj˧˧]


Bách Tế

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ te˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ tej˨˩˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ tej˦˥]

Three Kingdoms of Korea
w:Three Kingdoms of Korea

Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


Tân La

[tən˧˧ laː˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[təŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

Silla (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


Di Lặc

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彌勒, from Literary Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok).

Honghe Hani and Yi
Honghe Hani and Yi#English

Mile (a county-level city in Honghe Hani and Yi prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Xi-be-ri-a

[si˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[si˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sɪj˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Tây Bá Lợi Á

[təj˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˦ ləːj˧˨ʔ ʔaː˧˦]

[təj˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩˦ ləːj˨˩ʔ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[təj˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˥ ləːj˨˩˨ ʔaː˦˥]

(obsolete) Siberia (the region of Russia in Asia)


Tây Hồi

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西回, compound of tây (“west”) + Hồi Quốc (“Pakistan”).

Còn Hồi Quốc, trước khi có sự ly khai của Đông Hồi, Hồi Quốc là một quốc gia nhưng về phương diện địa lý gồm hai lãnh thồ Ðông Hồi và Tây Hồi cách xa nhau 2.000 cây số.

1972, Trần Thị Hoài-Trân, Lực-Lượng Chánh-Trị: một căn bản khảo cứu xã hội chánh trị học

As for Pakistan, before East Pakistan separated, Pakistan was a single country but in terms of geography included the two territories of East Pakistan and West Pakistan 2,000 kilometers apart.


Đông Hồi

head

Đông Hồi • (東回)

vi-proper noun

Đông Hồi • (東回)

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hoj˨˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hoj˦˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hoj˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東回, compound of đông (“east”) + Hồi Quốc (“Pakistan”).


Úc Châu

Nhà nghiên cứu hàng đầu tại Đại học Quốc gia Úc Châu (ANU) là giáo sư Emma Banks cho biết, cuộc nghiên cứu được xem là sâu xa nhất từ trước đến nay trên thế giới, đã nêu bật việc hút thuốc gây nguy cơ đến hệ thống tim mạch như thế nào.

2019, “Vẫn còn hút thuốc? Có nguy cơ đột quỵ hay bệnh tim gấp 3 lần”SBS Việt Ngữ

Professor Emma Banks, leading researcher from the Australian National University (ANU), says the study, considered most in-depth in the world thus far, has highlighted just how dangerous smoking is to the cardiovascular system.

Cộng đồng người Việt Úc Châu vừa vinh dự có thêm một thành viên được trao tặng Huy chương Phục vụ cộng đồng và nhân sinh.

2019, “Hạt giống yêu thương (256) Từ anh thợ sơn đến Bác sĩ chuyên khoa và Huy Chương OAM của Nữ Hoàng”SBS Việt Ngữ

The Vietnamese Australian community is honoured to have another member just awarded the Medal (of the Order of Australia) for his community services.

Alternative spelling of Úc châu: Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire)


Phan Thiết

[faːn˧˧ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[faːŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˥]

Phan + Thiết.
:"Phan": From Eastern Cham Pandarang, from Old Cham Panduranga (paṅrauṅ/panrāṅ), from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba). This element also appears in other place names such as: Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm, Phan River, Phan Rí Cửa, Phan Rí Thành, Phan Lâm, Phan Sơn, etc.
:"Thiết": From Eastern Cham ꨨꨟꨭꨩꨤꨪꨔꨪꩅ (Hamū-Lithit, “farming neighborhood”).
According to another etymology, this place name is derived from Eastern Cham Po Thit. Po Thit is the Prince of the Princess Po Sah Inư, the daughter of the King Para Chanh.

bor

Phan Thiết (the capital city of Bình Thuận, Vietnam)


bốn bể

[ʔɓon˧˦ ʔɓe˧˩]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓej˧˨]

[ʔɓoŋ˦˥ ʔɓej˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bốn bể.wav

bốn (“four”) + bể (“sea; ocean”), calque of Chinese 四海 (tứ hải, “four seas”).


đặc khu hành chính

[ʔɗak̚˧˨ʔ xu˧˧ hajŋ̟˨˩ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ kʰʊw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩ʔ xʊw˧˧ hɛɲ˦˩ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩˨ kʰʊw˧˧ han˨˩ cɨn˦˥]

[ʔɗak̚˨˩˨ xʊw˧˧ han˨˩ cɨn˦˥]

Calque of Chinese 特別行政區／特别行政区 (đặc biệt hành chính khu). Compare Chinese 特區／特区 (đặc khu).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đặc biệt</i> hành chính khu


Bắc Âu

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北歐, composed of 北 (“north”) and 歐 (“Europe”).


Bắc Âu

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔəw˧˧]


Thành Đô

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ ʔɗo˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ ʔɗow˧˧]

[tʰan˨˩ ʔɗow˧˧]

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


Đế quốc Áo-Hung

[ʔɗe˧˦ kuək̚˧˦ ʔaːw˧˦ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗej˨˩˦ kuək̚˦˧˥ ʔaːw˨˩˦ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗej˦˥ wək̚˦˥ ʔaːw˦˥ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

đế quốc + Áo + Hung. Calque of Chinese 奧匈帝國／奥匈帝国 (Ào-Xiōng Dìguó).


Tứ Hải

[tɨ˧˦ haːj˧˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ haːj˧˨]

[tɨ˦˥ haːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Tứ Hải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四海, composed of 四 (“four”) and 海 (“sea”).

vi-etym-sino

(Chinese mythology) the four major seas where the four Dragon Kings reign


Hồng Hải

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːj˧˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ haːj˧˨]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːj˨˩˦]


Đế quốc La Mã Thần thánh

帝國羅馬神聖 (CJK)

[ʔɗe˧˦ kuək̚˧˦ laː˧˧ maː˦ˀ˥ tʰən˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˦]

[ʔɗej˨˩˦ kuək̚˦˧˥ laː˧˧ maː˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʔɗej˦˥ wək̚˦˥ laː˧˧ maː˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩ tʰan˦˥]

Đế quốc La Mã (“the Roman Empire”) + thần thánh (“holy”), calque of Chinese 神聖羅馬帝國／神圣罗马帝国 (Thần thánh La Mã Đế quốc). Compare Japanese 神聖ローマ帝国 (Shinsei Rōma Teikoku) and Korean 신성 로마 제국 (Sinseong Roma Jeguk).

cal

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English


thành phố trực thuộc trung ương

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˨˩ fow˦˥ ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

thành phố (“city”) + trực thuộc (“to be directly administered by”) + trung ương (“central government”).

com

thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh
thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh#Vietnamese

one of the highest administrative divisions in Vietnam, opposed to tỉnh (“province”), as well as thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh (“provincial capital”); itself is divided into quận (“district”)


mũi Hảo Vọng

[muj˧˨ haːw˧˨ vɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[muj˨˩˦ haːw˨˩˦ vawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[muj˨˩˦ haːw˨˩˦ jawŋ͡m˨˩˨]

mũi (“cape”) + Sino-Vietnamese word from 好 (“good”) and 望 (“hope”), calque of Chinese 好望角 (Hảo Vọng Giác).

vi-etym-sino

Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope#English

the Cape of Good Hope (a cape in southwestern South Africa)


Tân Thế Giới

[tən˧˧ tʰe˧˦ zəːj˧˦]

[təŋ˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦ jəːj˨˩˦]

[təŋ˧˧ tʰej˦˥ jəːj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 新世界. From tân (“new”) + thế giới (“world”).

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Khe Sanh

English: Khe Sanh

French: Khe Sanh

[xɛ˧˧ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[kʰɛ˧˧ ʂɛɲ˧˧]

[xɛ˧˧ sɛɲ˧˧]

[kʰɛ˧˧ ʂan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Khe Sanh.wav

Khe Sanh (a township in Hướng Hoá district, Quảng Trị, Vietnam)


eo biển Manche

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ maŋ˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ maŋ˧˧ ʂəː˧˧]

[ʔɛw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦ maŋ˧˧ səː˧˧]

Calque of French La Manche; compound of eo biển (“strait”) + Manche.


Đa Đảo

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 多 (“poly-”) and 島 (“island”), calque of French Polynésie.

(now uncommon) Polynesia (a region of Oceania)


Nhân Xuyên

[ɲən˧˧ swiən˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ swiəŋ˧˧]

[ɲəŋ˧˧ s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧]


Cận Đông

[kən˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cận Đông.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 近東, composed of 近 (“near”) and 東 (“east”).


Guy-an

[ɣwi˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[ɣwɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[ɣwɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Át-lát

[ʔaːt̚˧˦ laːt̚˧˦]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ laːk̚˦˥]


châu Phi

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ fi˧˧]

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[cəw˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

châu + Phi, calque of Chinese 非洲 (Phi châu).

Đường bờ biển châu Phi ít bị chia cắt, rất ít các vịnh biển, bán đảo và đảo ; lớn hơn cả là đảo Ma-đa-ga-xca và bán đảo Xô-ma-li.

2011, “Phần ba - Thiên nhiên và con người ở các châu lục / Chương VI - Châu Phi / Bài 26 : Thiên nhiên châu Phi / 1. Vị trí địa lí [Part Three - Nature and Peoples in the Continents / Lesson 26: Nature of Africa / 1. Geographic Location]”, in Địa lí 7 [Geography 7], Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam, page 82

The overall coastline of Africa is quite contiguous, with few gulfs, peninsulas and islands; the largest ones are the island of Madagascar and the Somali Peninsula.


châu Mĩ

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ mi˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ mɪj˧˨]

[cəw˧˧ mɪj˨˩˦]

châu (“continent”) + Mĩ (“America”), calque of Chinese 美洲 (Mĩ châu).

So với các châu lục khác, châu Mĩ nằm trải dài trên nhiều vĩ độ hơn cả, từ vùng cực Bắc đến tận vùng cực Nam.

2011, “Phần ba - Thiên nhiên và con người ở các châu lục / Chương VII - Châu Mĩ / Bài 35 : Khái quát châu Mĩ / 1. Một lãnh thổ rộng lớn [Part Three - Nature and Peoples in the Continents / Chapter VII - The Americas / Lesson 35: The Americas, in General / 1. A Vast Territory]”, in Địa lí 7 [Geography 7], Nhà Xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam, page 109

Compared to other "geopolitical continents", the Americas span the most latitudes, from their northernmost point all the way to their southernmost point.


Ngưỡng Quang

[ŋɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨəŋ˧˨ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[ŋɨəŋ˨˩˦ waːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 仰光 (“Yangon”), from Burmese ရန်ကုန် (rankun).


Thừa Thiên

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiən˧˧]

[tʰɨə˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɨə˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

(history) an feudal province of Vietnam, later part of Bình Trị Thiên Province (along with Quảng Bình and Quảng Trị), now part of Thừa Thiên Huế Province


Tây Âu

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西歐, composed of 西 (“west”) and 歐 (“Europe”).


Tây Âu

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]


Nam Âu

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南歐, composed of 南 (“south”) and 歐 (“Europe”).


Nam Âu

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]


Đông Âu

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東歐, composed of 東 (“east”) and 歐 (“Europe”).


Đông Âu

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]


Trung Âu

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中歐, composed of 中 (“center”) and 歐 (“Europe”).


Phi châu

[fi˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fɪj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fɪj˧˧ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 非洲, composed of 非 (“Africa”) and 洲 (“continent”).


Mĩ châu

[mi˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 美洲, composed of 美 (“America”) and 洲 (“continent”).


Pa-lét-xtin

[paː˧˧ lɛt̚˦˧˥ stin˧˧]

[paː˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥ stɨn˧˧]


Nam Trung Bộ

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南中部, composed of 南 (“south”) and 中部 (“Central Vietnam”).


Nguỵ

Cao Wei
Chen dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Eastern Wei
Eastern Wu
Eastern Zhou dynasty
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Han dynasty
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Jin dynasty (266–420)
Liang dynasty
Liao dynasty
Liu Song dynasty
Ming dynasty
Northern Qi
Northern Wei
Northern Zhou
Northern and Southern dynasties
Qin dynasty
Qing dynasty
Shang dynasty
Shu Han
Song dynasty
Southern Qi
Southern and Northern dynasties
Spring and Autumn period
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Three Kingdoms
Warring States period
Western Han dynasty
Western Liao
Western Wei
Western Xia
Western Zhou dynasty
Xia dynasty
Xin dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Zhou dynasty

(historical) Wei, an ancient Chinese state

(historical) the Northern Wei dynasty (386–535 C.E.)


Viễn Tây

[viən˦ˀ˥ təj˧˧]

[viəŋ˧˨ təj˧˧]

[viəŋ˨˩˦ təj˧˧]

[jiəŋ˨˩˦ təj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Viễn Tây.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 遠 (“far”) and 西 (“west”).

cao bồi miền Viễn Tây


Tân Đảo

head

Tân Đảo • (新島)

[tən˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[təŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[təŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

From tân (“new in Sino-Vietnamese”) + đảo (“island”).

com

(archaic) Vanuatu, New Hebrides (a country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania)


xứ Quảng

[sɨ˧˦ kwaːŋ˧˩]

[sɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˧˨]

[sɨ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩˦]

The geographic region in Vietnam comprised of Đà Nẵng city, Quảng Nam province, and Quảng Ngãi province.


Đông Bắc Á

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔaː˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔaː˦˥]


sông Hương

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

the Perfume River (a river in Hue, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam)


bể bơi

[ʔɓe˧˩ ʔɓəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓej˧˨ ʔɓəːj˧˧]

[ʔɓej˨˩˦ ʔɓəːj˧˧]


sông Đà

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

the Black River (a river in Vietnam, China)


Xa-na

[saː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[saː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[saː˧˧ naː˧˧]

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


Kê Thành

[ke˧˧ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[kej˧˧ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

Borrowed from French (Le) Caire. Possibly a Sino-Vietnamese reading or a translation from Tây hành nhật ký (Diary of a Voyage to the West), an account of the embassy of Phan Thanh Giản.

(obsolete) Cairo (the capital city of Egypt)


Bây-rút

[ʔɓəj˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəj˧˧ zut̚˧˦]

[ʔɓəj˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓəj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


Am-man

[ʔaːm˧˧ maːn˧˧]

[ʔaːm˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːm˧˧ maːŋ˧˧]


Ra-bát

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦]

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ɹaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


A-bu Đa-bi

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɓi˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɓɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-A-bu Đa-bi.wav

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Ma-na-ma

[maː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ naː˧˧ maː˧˧]


Ma-xcát

[maː˧˧ skaːk̚˦˧˥]


Ba-ren

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ zɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ɹɛŋ˧˧]

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Đô-ha

[ʔɗo˧˧ haː˧˧]

[ʔɗow˧˧ haː˧˧]

[ʔɗow˧˧ haː˧˧]


Nu-ác-sốt

[nu˧˧ ʔaːk̚˧˦ sot̚˧˦]

[nʊw˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ʂok̚˦˧˥]

[nʊw˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ sok̚˦˧˥]

[nʊw˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˥ ʂok̚˦˥]

[nʊw˧˧ ʔaːk̚˦˥ sok̚˦˥]

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Tơ-ri-pô-li

[təː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ po˧˧ li˧˧]

[təː˧˧ zi˧˧ po˧˧ li˧˧]

[təː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ pow˧˧ lɪj˧˧]

[təː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ pow˧˧ lɪj˧˧]


Khắc-tum

[kʰak̚˦˥ tʊm˧˧]


Mô-ga-đi-su

[mo˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ su˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sʊw˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ ʂʊw˧˧]

[mow˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ sʊw˧˧]


Tbi-li-xi

[təː˨˩ ʔɓi˧˧ li˧˧ si˧˧]

[təː˦˩ ʔɓɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧]

[təː˨˩ ʔɓɪj˧˧ lɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧]

Tbilisi (the capital of the country of Georgia)


Ê-rê-van

[ʔe˧˧ ɹe˧˧ vaːn˧˧]

[ʔe˧˧ ze˧˧ vaːn˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ɹej˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ɹej˧˧ vaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ɹej˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Ti-ra-na

[ti˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ti˧˧ zaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[tɪj˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ naː˧˧]


Da-grép

[zaː˧˧ ɣɹɛp̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˧ ɣɹɛp̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ ɣɹɛp̚˦˥]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Ma-đrít

[maː˧˧ ʔɗɹit̚˧˦]

[maː˧˧ ʔɗɹit̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ ʔɗɹɨt̚˦˥]

Madrid (the capital and largest city of Spain)


Xô-phi-a

[so˧˧ fi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sow˧˧ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[sow˧˧ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Bra-ti-xla-va

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ ti˧˧ slaː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ slaː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ slaː˧˧ vaː˧˧]

[ʔɓɹaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ slaː˧˧ jaː˧˧]

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Bu-ca-rét

[ʔɓu˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹɛt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓu˧˧ kaː˧˧ zɛt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹɛk̚˦˥]

Bucharest (the capital and largest city of Romania)


Li-xboa

[li˧˧ sʔɓwaː˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ sʔɓwaː˧˧]

[lɪj˧˧ sʔɓwaː˧˧]


Bu-đa-pét

[ʔɓu˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ pɛt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ pɛt̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧ pɛk̚˦˥]

Budapest (the capital and largest city of Hungary)


Pra-ha

[pɹaː˧˧ haː˧˧]

[pɹaː˧˧ haː˧˧]

[pɹaː˧˧ haː˧˧]

Prague (the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic)


Xa-rai-ê-vô

[saː˧˧ ɹaːj˧˧ ʔe˧˧ vo˧˧]

[saː˧˧ zaːj˧˧ ʔe˧˧ vo˧˧]

[saː˧˧ ɹaːj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ vow˧˧]

[saː˧˧ ɹaːj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ vow˧˧]

[saː˧˧ ɹaːj˧˧ ʔej˧˧ jow˧˧]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Ka-bun

[kaː˧˧ ʔɓun˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ ʔɓun˧˧]

[kaː˧˧ ʔɓʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


I-xla-ma-bát

[ʔi˧˧ slaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɪj˧˧ slaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɪj˧˧ slaː˧˧ maː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


Sách Phi Á

[sajk̟̚˧˦ fi˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[ʂat̚˦˧˥ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[sat̚˦˧˥ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[ʂat̚˦˥ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

[sat̚˦˥ fɪj˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

zh-l

索非亞／索非亚 (Suǒfēiyà)


A-sơ-ga-bát

[ʔaː˧˧ səː˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓaːt̚˧˦]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂəː˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ səː˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ ʂəː˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

[ʔaː˧˧ səː˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ ʔɓaːk̚˦˥]

Ashgabat (the capital city of Turkmenistan)


Phnôm Pênh

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Phnôm Pênh.wav

Phnom Penh (the capital and largest city of Cambodia)


Vạn Tượng

[vaːn˧˨ʔ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

Vientiane (the capital and largest city of Laos)


Brúc-xen

[ʔɓɹʊwk͡p̚˧˦ sɛn˧˧]

[ʔɓɹʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sɛŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɹʊwk͡p̚˦˥ sɛŋ˧˧]


Béc-nơ

[ʔɓɛk̚˧˦ nəː˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˧˥ nəː˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˥ nəː˧˧]


Cô-pen-ha-ghen

[ko˧˧ pɛn˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛn˧˧]

[kow˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧]

Copenhagen (the capital and largest city of Denmark)


Am Tước Đàm

[ʔaːm˧˧ tɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

[ʔaːm˧˧ tɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːm˦˩]

[ʔaːm˧˧ tɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗaːm˨˩]

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


Cô-pen-ha-gen

[ko˧˧ pɛn˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛn˧˧]

[kow˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧]

[kow˧˧ pɛŋ˧˧ haː˧˧ ɣɛŋ˧˧]


Am-xtéc-đam

[ʔaːm˧˧ stɛk̚˧˦ ʔɗaːm˧˧]

[ʔaːm˧˧ stɛk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːm˧˧]

[ʔaːm˧˧ stɛk̚˦˥ ʔɗaːm˧˧]


Pốt-gô-ri-xa

[pot̚˧˦ ɣo˧˧ ɹi˧˧ saː˧˧]

[pot̚˧˦ ɣo˧˧ zi˧˧ saː˧˧]

[pok̚˦˧˥ ɣow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ saː˧˧]

[pok̚˦˥ ɣow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ saː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Pốt-gô-ri-xa.wav

Podgorica (the capital city of Montenegro)


Liu-bli-an-na

[liw˧˧ ʔɓli˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧ naː˧˧]

[liw˧˧ ʔɓlɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ naː˧˧]

[liw˧˧ ʔɓlɪj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ naː˧˧]

Ljubljana (the capital and largest city of Slovenia)


Bắc Ma-xê-đô-ni-a

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ maː˧˧ se˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ ni˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ maː˧˧ sej˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ maː˧˧ sej˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Can-bơ-rơ

[kaːn˧˧ ʔɓəː˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]

[kaːn˧˧ ʔɓəː˧˧ zəː˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓəː˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]

[kaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓəː˧˧ ɹəː˧˧]

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Oen-linh-tơn

[ʔwɛn˧˧ lïŋ˧˧ təːn˧˧]

[ʔwɛŋ˧˧ lɨn˧˧ təːŋ˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɛŋ˧˧ lɨn˧˧ təːŋ˧˧]

Wellington (the capital city of New Zealand)


Xcốp-pi-ê

[skop̚˦˧˥ pɪj˧˧ ʔej˧˧]

Skopje (the capital and largest city of North Macedonia)


Po Mo-re-xbi

[pɔ˧˧ mɔ˧˧ ɹɛ˧˧ sʔɓi˧˧]

[pɔ˧˧ mɔ˧˧ zɛ˧˧ sʔɓi˧˧]

[pɔ˧˧ mɔ˧˧ ɹɛ˧˧ sʔɓɪj˧˧]

[pɔ˧˧ mɔ˧˧ ɹɛ˧˧ sʔɓɪj˧˧]

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital city of Papua New Guinea)


Ma Ní

[maː˧˧ nɪj˨˩˦]

[maː˧˧ nɪj˦˥]

Nó rước ban nhạc Ma-Ní (Manille, ý nói ban nhạc Phi Luật Tân) tài tình; nó lại còn kêu bọn xẩm khiêu vũ Thượng Hãi, để ăn uống xong rồi chúng ta nhảy đầm chơi tới sáng.

1940, Hồ Biểu Chánh, “Chương II”, in Đoạn tình

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


A-xta-na

[ʔaː˧˧ staː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ staː˧˧ naː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ staː˧˧ naː˧˧]


Cát-man-đu

[kaːt̚˧˦ maːn˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ maːŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧]

[kaːk̚˦˥ maːŋ˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧]


U-lan Ba-to

[ʔu˧˧ laːn˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ laːŋ˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


Bi-sơ-kếch

[ʔɓi˧˧ səː˧˧ kəjk̟̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʂəː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ səː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ ʂəː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

[ʔɓɪj˧˧ səː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


Bát-đa

[ʔɓaːt̚˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧]


Bác Đạt

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˦ ʔɗaːt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗaːk̚˨˩˨]


Đu-san-be

[ʔɗu˧˧ saːn˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ saːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ ʂaːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ saːŋ˧˧ ʔɓɛ˧˧]

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Ta-xken

[taː˧˧ skɛŋ˧˧]

[taː˧˧ skɛŋ˧˧]

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


Đu-blin

[ʔɗu˧˧ ʔɓlin˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ ʔɓlin˧˧]

[ʔɗʊw˧˧ ʔɓlɨn˧˧]


Ri-ga

[ɹi˧˧ ɣaː˧˧]

[ɹɪj˧˧ ɣaː˧˧]

[ɹɪj˧˧ ɣaː˧˧]


Ta-lin

[taː˧˧ lɨn˧˧]


Vin-ni-út

[vin˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔʊk̚˦˧˥]

[vɨn˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɨn˧˧ nɪj˧˧ ʔʊk͡p̚˦˥]


Hen-xin-ki

[hɛŋ˧˧ sin˧˧ kɪj˧˧]

[hɛŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧ kɪj˧˧]


Rây-ki-a-vích

[ɹəj˧˧ ki˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vïk̟̚˧˦]

[ɹəj˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vɨt̚˦˧˥]

[ɹəj˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ vɨt̚˦˥]

[ɹəj˧˧ kɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥]


Ki-si-nhốp

[ki˧˧ si˧˧ ɲop̚˧˦]

[kɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˧ ɲop̚˦˧˥]

[kɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ɲop̚˦˧˥]

[kɪj˧˧ ʂɪj˧˧ ɲop̚˦˥]

[kɪj˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ɲop̚˦˥]


Va-lét-ta

[vaː˧˧ lɛt̚˧˦ taː˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ lɛt̚˦˧˥ taː˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥ taː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ lɛk̚˦˥ taː˧˧]


Ni-cô-xi-a

[ni˧˧ ko˧˧ si˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ kow˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[nɪj˧˧ kow˧˧ sɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Nicosia (the capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Va-đu-dơ

[vaː˧˧ ʔɗu˧˧ zəː˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ jəː˧˧]

[vaː˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ jəː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ ʔɗʊw˧˧ jəː˧˧]

Vaduz (the capital city of Liechtenstein)


Đạp Lân

[ʔɗaːp̚˧˨ʔ lən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːp̚˨˩ʔ ləŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːp̚˨˩˨ ləŋ˧˧]


Ăng-ca-ra

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]


Xan Ma-ri-nô

[saːn˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ no˧˧]

[saːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ now˧˧]

[saːŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ now˧˧]

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


An-đô-ra La Vê-la

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ laː˧˧ ve˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧ zaː˧˧ laː˧˧ ve˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ laː˧˧ vej˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ laː˧˧ vej˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ laː˧˧ jej˧˧ laː˧˧]

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Cô-lôm-bô

[ko˧˧ lom˧˧ ʔɓo˧˧]


Thim-bu

[tʰim˧˧ ʔɓu˧˧]

[tʰim˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]

[tʰim˧˧ ʔɓʊw˧˧]


Cô-xô-vô

Kosovo (A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Pri-xti-na

[pɹɪj˧˧ stɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[pɹɪj˧˧ stɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]


Prê-tô-ri-a

[pɹe˧˧ to˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹe˧˧ to˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹej˧˧ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹej˧˧ tow˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

Pretoria (the administrative capital of South Africa)


Pri-tơ-ri-a

[pɹi˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹi˧˧ təː˧˧ zi˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹɪj˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]

[pɹɪj˧˧ təː˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧ ʔaː˧˧]


Nu-xun-tan

[nʊw˧˧ sun˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

[nʊw˧˧ sʊwŋ͡m˧˧ taːŋ˧˧]

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


Hợp Thành

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩]

A commune of Phú Lương district, Thái Nguyên, Vietnam


Giu ba

[zu˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[jʊw˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]

[jʊw˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧]


thành thị

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ tʰi˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ tʰɪj˨˩ʔ]

[tʰan˨˩ tʰɪj˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 城市, composed of 城 (“castle; fort; citadel”) and 市 (“city”).

vi-etym-sino

thành thị và nông thôn

the city and the country; urban vs rural

命𫮋城市用涅山林

13th century, Trần Nhân Tông, Cư Trần lạc đạo phú 居塵樂道賦 Đệ nhất hội 第一會

Staying at the city, [but] living like it is the mountains.

the city or urban landscape, as opposed to the country(side)


Min-xcơ

[mɨn˧˧ skəː˧˧]


Ki-ép

[ki˧˧ ʔɛp̚˧˦]

[kɪj˧˧ ʔɛp̚˦˧˥]

[kɪj˧˧ ʔɛp̚˦˥]


Uy Nhĩ Sĩ

[ʔwi˧˧ ɲi˦ˀ˥ si˦ˀ˥]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ ɲɪj˧˨ ʂɪj˧˨]

[ʔwɪj˧˧ ɲɪj˧˨ sɪj˧˨]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˦ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ ɲɪj˨˩˦ sɪj˨˩˦]

(obsolete) Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Bắc Ái Nhĩ Lan

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔaːj˧˦ ɲi˦ˀ˥ laːn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔaːj˨˩˦ ɲɪj˧˨ laːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔaːj˦˥ ɲɪj˨˩˦ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北愛爾蘭, Bắc + Ái Nhĩ Lan.

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Northern Ireland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


rừng thiêng nước độc

[zɨŋ˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐɨŋ˦˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹɨŋ˨˩ tʰiəŋ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

rừng (“woods”) + thiêng (“sacred”) + nước (“water”) + độc (“noxious”).

af

chốn/vùng đất rừng thiêng nước độc


Ê-đin-brơ

[ʔe˧˧ ʔɗin˧˧ ʔɓɹəː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ʔɗin˧˧ ʔɓɹəː˧˧]

[ʔej˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧ ʔɓɹəː˧˧]

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


sơn nữ

[səːn˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[səːŋ˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

[səːŋ˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山 (“mountain”) and 女 (“female”).

vi-etym-sino

(literary) a female mountain-dweller; a montagnarde


Trung Á

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中亞, composed of 中 (“center”) and 亞 (“Asia”).


Xcan-đi-na-vi

[skaːn˧˧ ʔɗi˧˧ naː˧˧ vi˧˧]

[skaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[skaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ naː˧˧ vɪj˧˧]

[skaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɪj˧˧ naː˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn

Literally "Hong Kong next to the big market (Chợ Lớn)", referring to the area around Bình Tây Market, which is the Chinatown of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), and possibly referencing that the Hoa (Vietnamese Chinese) population consists primarily of Cantonese people.

Ngân Hàng Đông Á có Mộng Trinh là nhân viên là một ngân hàng Ba Tầu, Tổng Giám Đốc Ngân Hàng là một anh Ba Tầu Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn.

2000, Hoàng Hải Thủy, Dữ Hơn Rắn Độc, page 72

Nói điểm tâm kiểu Hồng Kông bên hông… Chợ Lớn, hồi trước chỉ là nói chơi.

2016 October 29, Văn Lang, “Điểm tâm kiểu ‘Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn’ ở Sài Gòn”, in Người Việt

Bây giờ Sài Gòn có "Hong Kong bên hông chợ lớn" thì Hà Nội cũng có "Hong Kong bên hông chợ Gạo" rồi nhé!

2019 December 3, “Xuất hiện hẻm bia "Hong Kong bên hông chợ Gạo" mới toanh ở Hà Nội, giới trẻ đã bắt đầu check in ầm ầm”, in Kenh14.vn

Saigon already has a "Hong Kong next to the big market", now Hanoi also has a "Hong Kong next to the rice market"!

A nickname for Cholon.
 (referring to the entire area and not just the market)


xã tắc

[saː˦ˀ˥ tak̚˧˦]

[saː˧˨ tak̚˦˧˥]

[saː˨˩˦ tak̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 社稷, composed of 社 (“god of earth”) and 稷 (“god of millet”). See also xã hội.

Nền xã tắc là nơi báo bổ, can chi mi đào lỗ, đào hang; Chốn miếu đường là chỗ thanh tán, cớ chi ngươi cắn màn, cắn sáo.

(Can we date this quote?), Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Thảo thử hịch 討鼠檄

Our country['s grace] is what we should repay, why would you burrow within it? The ancestor temple is pure and sacred, why would you gnaw on the curtain and the bamboo screen?


Chí Lợi

[t͡ɕi˧˦ ləːj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦ ləːj˨˩ʔ]

[cɪj˦˥ ləːj˨˩˨]

Trước đó, năm 1999, thi thể đông lạnh của ba em đã do các nhà nhân chủng và khảo cổ học tìm thấy trên đỉnh một ngọn núi lửa tên Llullaillaco ở Á Căn Đình (Argentina) gần biên giới Chí Lợi (Chile).

2015 February 27, Trịnh Thanh Thủy, “Tìm Về ‘Thành Phố Mất Tích’ Của Người Inca”, in Việt Báo, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2022-02-14

Earlier, in 1999, the frozen corpses of the three sisters were discovered by anthropologists and archaeologists atop a peak named Llullaillaco in Argentina near the border with Chile.

Sau nghi thức tiễn biệt, lúc 5h05, ngài giã từ Chí Lợi để bay tới thủ đô Lima của Peru.

2018 January 11, Đặng Tự Do, “Thành phố Iquique, thủ đô của các lễ hội Công Giáo ở Chí Lợi”, in VietCatholic News, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2022-02-14

After the sendoff, at 5:05, his holiness bid farewell to Chile en route to Lima, the capital of Peru.

(dated) Chile (a country in South America)


Uy Kiên

[ʔwɪj˧˧ kiəŋ˧˧]

[(ʔ)wɪj˧˧ kiəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Uy Kiên.wav

(dated) Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Gioóc-gia

[zɔk̚˧˦ zaː˧˧]

[jɔk̚˦˧˥ jaː˧˧]

[jɔk̚˦˥ jaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gioóc-gia.wav

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)

Ở một số hệ thống, người ta sử dụng các mẫu kê khai đặc biệt dành cho các ứng cử viên vào các chức vụ công, thí dụ như ở Bê-la-rút và Gioóc-gia.

2015, Quy định về kê khai tài sản đối với công chức: một công cụ để phòng ngừa tham nhũng [Asset Declarations for Public Officials: A Tool to Prevent Corruption], Hanoi: Labour Publishing House, page 62

In some systems special forms are used for candidates for official positions, for example in Belarus and Georgia.

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


tả ngạn

[taː˧˩ ŋaːn˧˨ʔ]

[taː˧˨ ŋaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[taː˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 左岸, composed of 左 (“left”) and 岸 (“bank”).

the left bank (river bank to the left when facing downstream)


Xanh Kít và Nê-vít

[sajŋ̟˧˧ kit̚˧˦ vaː˨˩ ne˧˧ vit̚˧˦]

[sɛɲ˧˧ kit̚˦˧˥ vaː˦˩ nej˧˧ vit̚˦˧˥]

[san˧˧ kɨt̚˦˥ vaː˨˩ nej˧˧ vɨt̚˦˥]

[san˧˧ kɨt̚˦˥ jaː˨˩ nej˧˧ jɨt̚˦˥]

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean)


Đông Sơn

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

A small village on the banks of the Mã river in Hàm Rồng ward, Thanh Hoá city, Thanh Hoá province, Vietnam.


Thu Bồn

[tʰu˧˧ ʔɓon˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˨˩]

lưu vực Thu Bồn


Phú Lãng Sa

[fu˧˦ laːŋ˦ˀ˥ saː˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˦ laːŋ˧˨ ʂaː˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˦ laːŋ˧˨ saː˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ laːŋ˨˩˦ ʂaː˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ laːŋ˨˩˦ saː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 富浪沙, from French France. Attested in the treaty of Saigon, 1862:
今大富浪沙國大皇帝、大衣坡儒國大皇帝、大南國大皇帝切願將三國不協之處調和，以敦永好。 [Vietnamese Literary Sinitic, trad.]
The Emperor of France, Emperor of Spain, and Emperor of Đại Nam hereby urgently express their wish to conciliate the dispute and achieve longlasting peace.

zh-x

今 大 富浪沙 國 大 皇帝、大 衣坡儒 國 大 皇帝、大南 國 大 皇帝 切 願 將 三 國 不 協 之 處 調和，以 敦 永 好。


Á Tế Á

[ʔaː˧˦ te˧˦ ʔaː˧˦]

[ʔaː˨˩˦ tej˨˩˦ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[ʔaː˦˥ tej˦˥ ʔaː˦˥]


Chi Na

[t͡ɕi˧˧ naː˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

[cɪj˧˧ naː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Chi Na.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 支那. Much of its usage is based on that of Japanese 支那 (Shina).

1884, Hikita Toshiaki (Dẫn Điền Lợi Chương) "Bài tựa thứ hai (Second preface)" to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (Complete Historical Records of Đại Việt); c. 1906 Vietnamese translation by Phan Chu Trinh
Nước Nhật Bản ta cùng với các nước đồng văn là Chi Na, là Triều Tiên, là An Nam.

Our country, Japan, shares the same writing system with these other countries, which are China, Joseon, and Annam.

Người Nhựt từ xưa họ kêu người Tàu là "Đường", bởi họ thông với Trung Quốc bắt đầu từ đời Đường vậy. Thế nhưng gần đây, từ hồi có giao thiệp với các nước trong thế giới thì họ kêu Tàu bằng "Chi-na".

1932 February 27, Phan Khôi, “Người Nhựt đặt tên Mãn Châu là Đại Trung Quốc, có ý gì? [What is the reason for the Japanese to rename Manchuria "Great Middle Country"?]”, in Trung lập, number 6667, Saigon

Since time immemorial, the Japanese have referred to Chinamen as "Tang" as they had established relations with the Middle Country since the Tang Dynasty. Recently, however, that they have established relations with the other countries of the world, they have decided to call that Chinamen['s country] "China".

(rare, obsolete) China (in certain contexts)


Tiểu Á Tế Á

[tiəw˧˩ ʔaː˧˦ te˧˦ ʔaː˧˦]

[tiw˧˨ ʔaː˨˩˦ tej˨˩˦ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[tiw˨˩˦ ʔaː˦˥ tej˦˥ ʔaː˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小亞細亞, composed of 小 (“small”) and 亞細亞 (“Asia”).

vi-etym-sino

Nguyên dân Do-Thái (Juifs) ở về phía tây Tiểu-á-tế-á, xưa nay vẫn sùng phụng một vị thần Jehovah.

1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]

The Jewish people hail from the region of Asia Minor and continue to worship Jehovah.

Sanh viên của những nước A phú hãn, Trung Á, Hy lạp và Tiểu Á tế Á đều đến đó học tập.

1958, Van-hóa Á-châu [Asian culture], Hội Việt-Nam nghiên-cứu liên-lạc văn-hoá Á-châu, page 79

Students from the countries of Afghanistan, Central Asia, Greece, and Asia Minor all went there to study.

Thiên chúa giáo khởi nguyên ở Tiểu Á Tế Á, Hồi giáo ở A Ra Ba , Phật giáo ở Ấn Độ , Lạt Ma giáo ở Tây Tạng , Nho giáo ở Trung Quốc , đó là chưa kể những bàng môn ngoại đạo ở các nước nhỏ[…]

2003, Xuân Huy Cao, Tác phẩm được tặng giải thưởng Hồ Chí Minh: tư tưởng phương Đông gợi những điểm nhìn tham chiếu

The Christian faith originated in Asia Minor, Islam in Arabia, Buddhism in India, "Lamaism" (Tibetan Buddhism) in Tibet, Ruism (Confucianism) in China, not to mention the numerous other religions in the small countries […]


hữu ngạn

[hiw˦ˀ˥ ŋaːn˧˨ʔ]

[hɨw˧˨ ŋaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[hɨw˨˩˦ ŋaːŋ˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 右岸, composed of 右 (“right”) and 岸 (“bank”).

the right bank (river bank to the right when facing downstream)


Gia Hưng

[zaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gia Hưng.wav

A commune of Gia Viễn district, Ninh Bình province, Vietnam.

Jiāxīng (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China).


Ngọc Linh

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ lïŋ˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ lɨn˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ lɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉嶺, composed of 玉 and 嶺.

A mountain in Quảng Nam and Kon Tum provinces, Vietnam.

A commune of Đăk Glei district, Kon Tum province, Vietnam.

A commune of Vị Xuyên district, Hà Giang province, Vietnam.


Hà Trung

[haː˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hà Trung.wav

A commune-level town and administrative center of Hà Trung district, Thanh Hoá province, Vietnam.

A district of Thanh Hoá province, Vietnam.


Hải Châu

[haːj˧˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海洲, composed of 海 and 洲.


Sơn Trà

[səːn˧˧ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山茶, composed of 山 and 茶.

Monkey Mountain (a mountain in the peninsula of Sơn Trà, Sơn Trà district, Da Nang, Vietnam).


Ngũ Hành Sơn

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ hajŋ̟˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ han˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ han˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五行山, composed of 五行 (“five elements, wuxing”) and 山.

Marble Mountains
Marble Mountains#English

Marble Mountains (a cluster of five mountains in Ngũ Hành Sơn district, Da Nang, Vietnam).


An Ngãi

[ʔaːn˧˧ ŋaːj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安義, composed of 安 and 義, with the Central-Southern reading of both characters. Doublet of Yên Nghĩa.

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu
Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu#English

An Ngãi (a commune of Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu, Vietnam)


Yên Nghĩa

[ʔiən˧˧ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ŋiə˧˨]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ŋiə˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Yên Nghĩa.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安義, composed of 安 and 義, with the Northern reading of both characters. Doublet of An Ngãi.

Yên Nghĩa (a commune of Nam Định, Vietnam)


Cao Hùng

[kaːw˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ hʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


Đài Sơn

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Taishan (a county-level city in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


Tuyền Châu

[twiən˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[twiəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 泉州, composed of 泉 (“spring”) and 州 (“province”).

Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)


Tuy Hoà

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ waː˨˩]

A city, the capital of Phú Yên province, Vietnam


núi Nhạn

[nuj˧˦ ɲaːn˧˨ʔ]

[nuj˨˩˦ ɲaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nuj˦˥ ɲaːŋ˨˩˨]

A mountain in Tuy Hoà city, Phú Yên province, Vietnam.


Bạch Đằng

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

A river in Quảng Ninh and Hải Phòng provinces, Vietnam.


tuyền

(only in compounds) spring (source of water)


sông Cái

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

sông (“river”) + cái (“mother”), literally "mother river", or, sông (“river”) + cái (“great, main”), means "Great River"; both interpretations might be correct, because both meanings are from the same etymology. This word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï.
This was the original name of the Red River, but later used to refer to many other rivers of Vietnam. May be related to other Vietnamese river names such as Cái Lớn, Cái Bé, Cái Mép, Cái Vùng, Cái Tàu and Cái Cối.
For some semantic parallels, compare Coptic ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (peiero), ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (ph̀iaro, “the Nile”), Spanish Río Grande, Korean 한강(漢江) (han'gang, “Han river”) (where 漢 is a phonogram used to write the native Korean morpheme for "big", see Middle Korean 하다〮 (hàtá)).

(historical) Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)

The Cái River (a river in Quảng Nam, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Bình Định, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Phú Yên, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Ninh Hoà, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Nha Trang, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam)

The Cái River (a river in Bình Thuận, Vietnam)


head

thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰuək̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˨˩ fow˦˥ tʰuək̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ fow˦˥ ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰuək̚˨˩˨ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

thành phố + thuộc + thành phố trực thuộc trung ương, literally “city under thành phố trực thuộc trung ương”.

af

a so-called "municipal city" or "city within city", a novel designation for former districts in a thành phố trực thuộc trung ương, whose size and significance grew large enough to be considered a đô thị, currently held only by Thủ Đức


Phú Quốc

[fʊw˨˩˦ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[fʊw˦˥ wək̚˦˥]

Phú Quốc (an island city in Kiên Giang, Vietnam), includes the Phú Quốc archipelago and the Thổ Chu archipelago


Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm

[faːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˧˦ t͡ɕaːm˨˩]

[faːŋ˧˧ ʐaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕaːm˦˩]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˦˥ caːm˨˩]

Phan Rang + Tháp Chàm.
:"Phan Rang": From Eastern Cham Pandarang, from Old Cham Panduranga (paṅrauṅ/panrāṅ), from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba).
:"Tháp Chàm": tháp + Chàm, literally "Cham Tower", named after the Po Klong Garai Temple in the northern part of the city.

cog

Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm
Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm#English

(formal) Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm (the provincial capital of Ninh Thuận, Vietnam)

Old Cham
Vithoba
vi:Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm


Điện Biên Phủ

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧ fu˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ fʊw˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 奠邊府, composed of 奠邊 (“Điện Biên”) and 府 (“prefecture”).

vi-etym-sino

Điện Biên Phủ (the provincial capital of Điện Biên, Vietnam)


Hạ Lan

[haː˧˨ʔ laːn˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ laːŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ laːŋ˧˧]

Eggcorn of Hà Lan. Calque of Dutch Nederland, Sino-Vietnamese word from 下 (“nether”) and 蘭 (“-land”).


Mỹ Sơn

[mi˦ˀ˥ səːn˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ səːŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ səːŋ˧˧]

Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary (a ruins of Cham temples in Quảng Nam, Vietnam)


Tràng An

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ ʔaːn˧˧]

[ʈaːŋ˦˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[ʈaːŋ˨˩ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 長安. Doublet of Trường An.

Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Bình, Vietnam)


Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˧˧ kɛ˧˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˧˧ kɛ˧˨ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[fɔŋ˧˧ ɲaː˧˧ kɛ˧˨ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ ɲaː˧˧ kɛ˨˩˦ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Phong Nha + Kẻ Bàng.
:"Phong Nha": Sino-Vietnamese word from 風牙 (“wind teeth”) (the wind blowing in the cave makes stalactites like teeth) or Sino-Vietnamese word from 峰衙 (“peak mandarins”) (the mountains are arranged in regular rows like the image of mandarins standing in rows on the courtyard or in the officer mansion). All of these are some people's own opinions on the place name etymologies. See the Vietnamese Wikipedia for more.
:"Kẻ Bàng": Maybe kẻ (“village”) + bàng (“country almond”)? Compare Kẻ Chợ.

com

Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng
Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng#English

Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng National Park (a national park in Quảng Bình, Vietnam)

vi:Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng#Nguồn gốc tên gọi


Lát Vê-gát

[laːt̚˧˦ ve˧˧ ɣaːt̚˧˦]

[laːk̚˦˧˥ vej˧˧ ɣaːk̚˦˧˥]

[laːk̚˦˥ vej˧˧ ɣaːk̚˦˥]

[laːk̚˦˥ jej˧˧ ɣaːk̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Lát Vê-gát.wav

Las Vegas (a city in Nevada, United States)


Vẹc Sai

[vɛk̚˧˨ʔ saːj˧˧]

[vɛk̚˨˩ʔ ʂaːj˧˧]

[vɛk̚˨˩ʔ saːj˧˧]

[vɛk̚˨˩˨ ʂaːj˧˧]

[jɛk̚˨˩˨ saːj˧˧]

Named by Vietnamese-American residents in the 1970s after the Versailles Arms apartment complex where they first settled upon arriving in New Orleans.

(US) Versailles (a neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States)


Mít-xu-ri

[mit̚˧˦ su˧˧ ɹi˧˧]

[mit̚˦˧˥ sʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

[mɨt̚˦˥ sʊw˧˧ ɹɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Mít-xu-ri.wav

Tiểu bang: A-la-ba-ma · A-lát-xca · A-ri-xô-na · A-can-xò · Ca-li-phoóc-ni-a · Cô-lô-ra-đô · Con-nếch-ti-cớt · Đe-la-oe · Phlo-ri-đa · Gióoc-gia · Ha-oai · Ai-đa-hô · I-li-noi · In-đi-a-na · Ai-ô-oa · Can-xát · Ken-tắc-ky · Lu-i-di-a-na · Mên · Me-ri-len · Me-xơ-chu-xít · Mi-si-gân · Min-nê-xô-ta · Mít-xi-xi-pi · Mít-xu-ri · Môn-ta-na · Nê-brát-xca · Nê-va-đa · Niu Hem-sơ · Niu Giơ-xi · Niu Mê-hi-cô · Niu Oóc · Bắc Ca-rô-li-na · Bắc Đa-cô-ta · Ô-hai-ô · Ốc-la-hô-ma · Ô-rê-gân · Pen-xin-va-ni-a · Rốt Ai-len · Nam Ca-rô-li-na · Nam Đa-cô-ta · Ten-nét-xi · Tếch-dớt · U-ta · Vơ-môn · Vơ-gi-ni-a · Oa-sinh-tơn · Tây Vơ-gi-ni-a · Uýt-côn-xin · Oai-ô-minh

Lãnh thổ: Xa-moa thuộc Mĩ · Gu-am · quần đảo Bắc Ma-ri-a-na · Pu-éc-tô Ri-cô · Các tiểu đảo xa của Hoa Kì · quần đảo Vơ-gin thuộc Mĩ


Cô-lô-ra-đô

[ko˧˧ lo˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[ko˧˧ lo˧˧ zaː˧˧ ʔɗo˧˧]

[kow˧˧ low˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

[kow˧˧ low˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔɗow˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cô-lô-ra-đô.wav


A-la-ba-ma

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ maː˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ laː˧˧ ʔɓaː˧˧ maː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-A-la-ba-ma.wav


ốc đảo

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]


Hàng Châu

[haːŋ˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːŋ˦˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːŋ˨˩ cəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hàng Châu.wav

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)


Đường Sơn

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Tangshan (a prefecture-level city in northeastern Hebei, China)


Xin-ga-po

[sin˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ pɔ˧˧]

[sin˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ pɔ˧˧]

[sɨn˧˧ ɣaː˧˧ pɔ˧˧]

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Móng Cái

[mawŋ͡m˦˧˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

[mɔŋ˦˧˥ kaːj˨˩˦]

From Cantonese 硭街 (“town of mườngs”) (SV: Mang Nhai).
During the Nguyễn Dynasty, this area was the Vạn Ninh (萬寧) Canton, the Bát Tràng (鉢塲) Canton and a part of the Hà Môn (河門) Canton.
The name Móng Cái began to appear in 1947 during the period of French Indochina.

bor

town of <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mường</i>s

Móng Cái (a city in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam)


Hồng Lĩnh

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ lïŋ˦ˀ˥]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ lɨn˧˨]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ lɨn˨˩˦]

Superfically Sino-Vietnamese word from 鴻 (“proper noun”) and 嶺 (“mountain”).
The name of the mountain range is a tên chữ and a mix between a translation and a phonetic matching of the tên Nôm rú Hống (“Hống mountain”) and ngàn Hống.
The town name is taken from the name of mountain range.


Quảng Nôm

[waːŋ˧˩˧ nom˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ nom˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廣南, with the South Central form of the second character.

(Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, partially also Đà Nẵng, humorous or endearing in other dialects) Quảng Nam (a province of Vietnam)


Cồn Cỏ

[koŋ˦˩ kɔ˧˨]

[koŋ˨˩ kɔ˨˩˦]

Cồn Cỏ (an island district in Quảng Trị, Vietnam)


Cô Tô

Sino-Vietnamese word from 姑蘇.
In the past, this archipelago was called Chàng Sơn.

Cô Tô (an island district in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam)


Cát Hải

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ haːj˧˨]

[kaːk̚˦˥ haːj˨˩˦]

Blend of Cát Bà + hải. Cát Bà is the largest island of the district.
* According to folk etymology, Cát Bà is a "misread" of các bà (“ladies”). During the Trần Dynasty, the women here took care of the logistics for the men to fight during the war. This is very unlikely, since this place is in Northern Vietnam, where there the coda /t/-/k/ merger never happened, unlike placenames like Cát Lái (which is probably indeed các lái (“traders”)) in Southern Vietnam, where this merger did actually occur.
* Compared to the nearby island named Cát Ông (các ông (“men”)). Possibly modelled after the false "etymology" above.

Cát Hải (an island district in Hải Phòng, Vietnam), includes the Cát Bà archipelago and the Long Châu archipelago


Vân Đồn

[vən˧˧ ʔɗon˨˩]

[vəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoŋ˦˩]

[vəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoŋ˨˩]

[jəŋ˧˧ ʔɗoŋ˨˩]

Vân Đồn (an island district in Quảng Ninh, Vietnam), includes the Cái Bầu archipelago and the Vân Hải archipelago


Kiên Hải

[kiəŋ˧˧ haːj˧˨]

[kiəŋ˧˧ haːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 堅海. Kiên Giang + hải.

Kiên Hải (an island district in Kiên Giang, Vietnam) includes the Nam Du archipelago, the Hòn Tre island and the Hòn Sơn island


Côn Đảo

[kon˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˩]

[koŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˧˨]

[koŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 崑島. From Malay pulau kundur possibly via French Poulo Condor.

Côn Đảo (an island district in Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu, Vietnam)


Bạch Long Vĩ

English: Bach Long Vi, Bạch Long Vĩ

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧ vi˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧ vɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧ vɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧ vɪj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧ jɪj˨˩˦]

Bạch Long Vĩ (an island district in Hải Phòng, Vietnam)


Lý Sơn

[li˧˦ səːn˧˧]

[lɪj˨˩˦ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˨˩˦ səːŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˦˥ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[lɪj˦˥ səːŋ˧˧]

Superficially Sino-Vietnamese word from 理 and 山.
The first element of the name is the phonetic rendering of the tên Nôm cù lao Ré using Chinese character. cù lao (“islet”) + ré (“a plant called ré (possibly Alpinia tonkinensis)”). Cù lao Ré is the largest of the three islands (the archipelago).

com

Lý Sơn (an island district in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam)


Béc-lanh

[ʔɓɛk̚˧˦ lajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˧˥ lɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˥ lan˧˧]


Béc-lin

[ʔɓɛk̚˧˦ lin˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˧˥ lin˧˧]

[ʔɓɛk̚˦˥ lɨn˧˧]


Bá Linh

[ʔɓaː˧˦ lïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˨˩˦ lɨn˧˧]

[ʔɓaː˦˥ lɨn˧˧]

Cựu Tổng thống Đức Richard von Weizsäcker qua đời ở tuổi 94 tại Bá Linh.

2015 January 31, Lê Ngọc Châu, “Lá Thư từ Đức Quốc: Cựu Tổng Thống Đức, von Weizsaecker qua đời [Letter from Germany: Former German president von Weizsaecker has died]”, in Việt Báo Daily News, Garden Grove, California, retrieved 2023-01-14

Former German president Richard von Weizsäcker died at the age of 94 in Berlin.

(dated or historical) Berlin (the capital city of Germany)


Vĩnh Nguơn

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ ŋwəːn˧˧]

[vɨn˧˨ ŋwəːŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˦ ŋwəːŋ˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˦ ŋwəːŋ˧˧]


Tây Xa-ha-ra

[təj˧˧ saː˧˧ haː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[təj˧˧ saː˧˧ haː˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[təj˧˧ saː˧˧ haː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

[təj˧˧ saː˧˧ haː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧]

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic#English:_Q40362

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (A country in North Africa, a partially recognised state in Western Sahara)


Việt Nam Cộng hoà

[viət̚˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩]

[viək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越南 (“Vietnam”) and 共和 (“republic”).

vi-etym-sino

Coordinate term: Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hoà

Republic of Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam#English


Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hoà

[viət̚˧˨ʔ naːm˧˧ zən˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ hwaː˨˩]

[viək̚˨˩ʔ naːm˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨ kəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ hwaː˦˩]

[viək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ naːm˧˧ jəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ waː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 越南 (“Vietnam”), 民主 (“democracy”) and 共和 (“republicanism”).

Coordinate term: Việt Nam Cộng hoà

Cách mạng tháng Tám thành công, ngày 2 tháng 9 năm 1945, Chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh đọc Tuyên ngôn độc lập, khai sinh ra nước Việt Nam dân chủ cộng hòa, nay là Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam.

2013 December 11, “Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam [Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]”, in Cổng Thông tin điện tử Chính phủ [Vietnam Government Portal], page 1

In the wake of the triumph of the August Revolution, on 2 September 1945, President Ho Chi Minh announced the Declaration of Independence, declaring the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam which is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Democratic Republic of Vietnam#English

(historical) the Democratic Republic of Vietnam


Đuống

(sông ~) A river in northern Vietnam, a distributary of the Red River and tributary of the Thái Bình River.


Cái Răng

[kaːj˨˩˦ ʐaŋ˧˧]

[kaːj˦˥ ɹaŋ˧˧]

According to folk etymology, the name originates from a story that in the early days of the Vietnamese settlement, there was a very large crocodile washed up here, its teeth stuck on this land.
In Tự vị tiếng nói miền Nam by Vương Hồng Sển, the name is said to be derived from Khmer ចង្ក្រាន (cɑɑcɑngkraan, “stove, furnace”) (whence also cà ràng). The Khmers in Xà Tôn (Tri Tôn) used to make and sell their own kind of furnaces. Over time, people started to pronounce kraan as Cái Răng.


Ôn Châu

[ʔon˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]

Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


Tây Phi

[təj˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[təj˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西非, composed of 西 (“west”) and 非 (“Africa”).


Đông Phi

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ fi˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東非, composed of 東 (“east”) and 非 (“Africa”).


bán đảo Đông Dương

head

bán đảo Đông Dương • (半島東洋)

vi-proper noun

bán đảo Đông Dương • (半島東洋)

[ʔɓaːn˧˦ ʔɗaːw˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

bán đảo (“peninsula”) + Đông Dương (“Indochina”).

com

mainland Southeast Asia; Indochina; Indochinese Peninsula


Nam Sách

[naːm˧˧ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

[naːm˧˧ ʂat̚˦˥]

Nam Sách (a rural district of Hải Dương, Vietnam)

Nam Sách (a township and capital of Nam Sách district, Hải Dương, Vietnam)


Nam Xương

[naːm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧]

Nanchang (the capital city of Jiangxi, China)


Suối Hoa

[ʂuj˨˩˦ hwaː˧˧]

[ʂuj˦˥ waː˧˧]


Mường Thanh

[mɨəŋ˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[mɨəŋ˦˩ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[mɨəŋ˨˩ tʰan˧˧]


rặng núi

[ʐaŋ˨˩ʔ nuj˨˩˦]

[ɹaŋ˨˩˨ nuj˦˥]


sơn mạch

[səːn˧˧ majk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[səːŋ˧˧ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ mat̚˨˩˨]

[səːŋ˧˧ mat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山脈, composed of 山 and 脈.
This is one of the cases where a Sino-Vietnamese term sometimes pops up in modern texts, yet pretty much completely absent in older texts, becoming somewhat more common in modern literature due to the fact that it is Sino-Vietnamese and therefore sounds "fancy" and "literary".

vi-etym-sino

(geography, literary, rare) mountain range