死神

chữ Hán form of tử thần (“a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami”)


死神

chữ Hán form of tử thần (“(literary) associated with death, or deities or personifications of death”)


giết

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-giết.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-ə-ceːt (surface form of morphologically *k-pr-ceːt, with *-pr- reduced to *-r- then to a vocalic element), the causative form of *k-ceːt (“to die”) (whence chết). Cognate with Chut [Rục] kuciːt⁷ ("to kill"), Proto-Monic *k-r-cət (“to kill”) (whence Mon ဂစိုတ်).

giết người

giết người hàng loạt


chết

折 (CJK)
𣩂 (CJK)
𣩁 (CJK)
找 (CJK)
chít (alternative)
chớt (alternative)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chết.wav

From Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt, from Proto-Austroasiatic *kceːt (“to die”). Doublet of giết (“to kill”) through an infixed form.
For its relation, or lack thereof, to the Old Yue word meaning "to die" and written as 札, see that entry.

cái chết

sự chết

Biết chết liền.

Damned if I know (literally, “If I knew I'd die at once.”).

c. 53 - 57 CE, 1 Corinthians 15:26; 1926 Vietnamese translation by Phan Khôi et al.; 2021 English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
Kẻ thù bị hủy-diệt sau-cùng, tức là sự chết.
The last enemy to be destroyed is death.

If I must die
you must live
[...]
If I must die
let it bring hope
let it be a tale

2011 November 27, Refaat Alareer, “If I Must Die”, in In Gaza, My Gaza!, archived from the original on 2012-11-27; translated into Vietnamese as “Nếu tôi phải chết” by Nguyễn Bình, transl. in Uyên Thi, “Nghệ thuật không phải nơi trú ẩn [Art Is Not a Hideaway]”, in L'Officiel Vietnam, 2024 February 22, of original in English:


xác

Sino-Vietnamese word from 殼 (“shell”). Compare Thai ซาก (sâak).
Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese xác in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).


giết người

[ziət̚˧˦ ŋɨəj˨˩]

[jiək̚˦˧˥ ŋɨj˦˩]

[jiək̚˦˥ ŋɨj˨˩]


ám sát

[ʔaːm˧˦ saːt̚˧˦]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːm˦˧˥ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔaːm˦˥ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[ʔaːm˦˥ saːk̚˦˥]

kẻ ám sát


thi hài

[tʰɪj˧˧ haːj˦˩]

[tʰɪj˧˧ haːj˨˩]

Thế rồi thi hài nàng hoá thành dây trầu leo quanh cây cau.

Then her corpse turned into a betel vine climbing around the areca tree.


hài cốt

Sino-Vietnamese word from 骸骨 (“skeleton”).

vi-etym-sino

remains (what is left after a person dies)


thây

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 屍 (“corpse”, SV: thi).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thi</i>


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 死神, composed of 死 (“death”) and 神 (“god”).

a magical being that rules over, decides on, or embodies death, such as Hades, Pluto, the Grim Reaper or a shinigami


tử thần

[tɨ˧˩ tʰən˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰəŋ˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰəŋ˨˩]

Harry Potter và Bảo Bối Tử Thần

(literary) associated with death, or deities or personifications of death


người đầu bạc tiễn kẻ đầu xanh

[ŋɨəj˨˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ tiən˦ˀ˥ kɛ˧˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ŋɨj˦˩ ʔɗəw˦˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ tiəŋ˧˨ kɛ˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

[ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ tiəŋ˨˩˦ kɛ˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ san˧˧]

Literally "the silvery-headed one sees off the green-headed one". bạc (“silver”) is used to describe gray hair, which is thought to be silvery or white rather than gray. xanh means "grue" (either green or blue), but is probably related to thanh xuân (“youth”, literally “grue spring”), which is likely to be derived from the association of "youth" with "green" and "spring", both of which are in turn associated with the element "Wood" (or "Tree", or "Plant"), the element of "freshness" or "vitality", etc. in Wu Xing. Compare Chinese 白髮人送黑髮人 /白发人送黑发人 (báifàrén sòng hēifàrén).

ncog

"the young perish and the old linger"; an elderly person has/had to suffer the anguish of watching their young loved one die, because they think it should be the other way around


ma nữ

[maː˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[maː˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 魔女 (“witch”), literally "magical female". The syllable ma is often associated with its non-Sino-Vietnamese meaning (which is "ghost"), hence the common misapplication of the term.
Alternatively, simply from a compound of ma (“ghost”) + nữ (“female”).

(fiction) the ghost of a dead girl or woman


liệt sĩ

[liət̚˧˨ʔ si˦ˀ˥]

[liək̚˨˩ʔ ʂɪj˧˨]

[liək̚˨˩ʔ sɪj˧˨]

[liək̚˨˩˨ ʂɪj˨˩˦]

[liək̚˨˩˨ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 烈士 (“martyr”).

in the line of duty
in the line of duty#English

(formal) a war servicemember who died in the line of duty


giỗ

head

𠰍, 杜, 𠴗, 󱦋, 祖, 𭉷, 𤻼, 𬲠, 𥣒, 𬲠

vi-noun

𠰍, 杜, 𠴗, 󱦋, 祖, 𭉷, 𤻼, 𬲠, 𥣒, 𬲠

𠰍 (CJK)
杜 (CJK)
𠴗 (CJK)
祖 (CJK)
𭉷 (CJK)
𤻼 (CJK)
𬲠 (CJK)
𥣒 (CJK)

giỗ tổ Hùng Vương

ăn giỗ

Tại sao lại phải ăn giỗ? Đám nào ai cũng vui mừng chứ có buồn bã gì đâu?

Why in the world do we go to deathday parties? Everyone always has fun romping around, it's not like there's any sense of commemoration or anything!

an annual lunar memorial deathday party or ceremony


Bắc Đẩu

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɗəw˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北斗, composed of 北 (“northern”) and 斗 (“dipper”).

vi-etym-sino

Bắc Đẩu Tinh quân


tử vong

[tɨ˧˩ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨ˧˨ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨ˧˨ vɔŋ˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ vawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ jawŋ͡m˧˧]

Hiện đã có 150 ca tử vong.


goá

From Proto-Vietic *-kwaːʔ, from Old Chinese 寡 (OC *[C.k]ʷˤraʔ) (B-S) (SV: quả).
Attested as gŏá in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

goá vợ

goá chồng


hoả táng

[hwaː˧˩ taːŋ˧˦]

[hwaː˧˨ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[waː˨˩˦ taːŋ˦˥]


sát sinh

[saːt̚˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[ʂaːk̚˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[saːk̚˦˥ sɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 殺生, composed of 殺 (“to kill”) and 生 (“life”).

(chiefly in Buddhism) the act of killing humans or animals


quá cố

Sino-Vietnamese word from 過 (“to pass”) and 故 (“old; to pass away”).

Đừng "cố quá" kẻo mà "quá cố" bây giờ.

Don't try too hard, you'll kill yourself in the process.


chết đuối

[t͡ɕet̚˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[t͡ɕet̚˦˧˥ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[cəːt̚˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]


linh cữu

[lïŋ˧˧ kiw˦ˀ˥]

[lɨn˧˧ kɨw˧˨]

[lɨn˧˧ kɨw˨˩˦]

(formal, chiefly in obituaries or eulogies) a coffin


ba hồn bảy vía

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hon˨˩ ʔɓaj˧˩ viə˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˦˩ ʔɓaj˧˨ viə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˨˩ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ viə˦˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˨˩ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ jiə˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba hồn bảy vía.wav

Calque of Chinese 三魂七魄 (tam hồn thất phách, literally “three hun, seven po”)

cal

Bớ ba hồn bảy vía ông Quang!

(occult, typically in summoning rituals) the three hun and seven po of a dead male person


ba hồn chín vía

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hon˨˩ t͡ɕin˧˦ viə˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˦˩ t͡ɕin˦˧˥ viə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˨˩ cɨn˦˥ viə˦˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ hoŋ˨˩ cɨn˦˥ jiə˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ba hồn chín vía.wav

Calque of Chinese 三魂九魄 (tam hồn cửu phách, literally “three hun, nine po”).

(occult, typically in summoning rituals) the three hun and nine po of a dead female person


trí tử

[t͡ɕi˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[ʈɪj˨˩˦ tɨ˧˨]

[ʈɪj˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]

(of a strike or blow) guaranteed to cause death; fatal


tịch

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寂, from viên tịch (“to die”).


viên tịch

[viən˧˧ tïk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩ʔ]

[viəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩˨]

[jiəŋ˧˧ tɨt̚˨˩˨]

Ajahn Chah viên tịch vào ngày 16 tháng Giêng, 1992.

Ajahn Chah passed away on January 16, 1992.

(Buddhism, of a monk or nun) to pass away


nhẹ như lông hồng

[ɲɛ˧˨ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ɲɛ˨˩ʔ ɲɨ˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ɲɛ˨˩˨ ɲɨ˧˧ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

Calque of Chinese 輕於鴻毛 /轻于鸿毛 (khinh ư hồng mao, literally “as light as a bean goose's feathers”).

coi cái chết nhẹ như lông hồng


bất đắc kì tử

head

bất đắc kì tử

vi-adv

bất đắc kì tử

[ʔɓət̚˧˦ ʔɗak̚˧˦ ki˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[ʔɓək̚˦˥ ʔɗak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 不得其死 (“to not get one's (usual) death”), from the Chinese Analects. Compare 不得好死 (bất đắc hảo tử).

vi-etym-sino

chết bất đắc kì tử

Em thề có ông mặt trời. Nếu em nói láo, ông mặt trời lặn, em chết bất đắc kì tử.

I swear to the sun. If I'm being dishonest in any way, I'll drop dead as soon as the sun sets.


bảy bảy bốn chín ngày

[ʔɓaj˧˩ ʔɓaj˧˩ ʔɓon˧˦ t͡ɕin˧˦ ŋaj˨˩]

[ʔɓaj˧˨ ʔɓaj˧˨ ʔɓoŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕin˦˧˥ ŋaj˦˩]

[ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ ʔɓa(ː)j˨˩˦ ʔɓoŋ˦˥ cɨn˦˥ ŋa(ː)j˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bảy bảy bốn chín ngày.wav

From Chinese 七七日 (thất thất nhật, “seven days times seven”) and 四十九日 (tứ thập cửu nhật, “forty-nine days”). "Seven" is as in "7 po" (see also ba hồn bảy vía) and "7 days of the week". Each of the three "hun" leaves the body after each of the next 3 years, while each of the seven "po" leaves after every 7 days, which results in a larger memorial offering after 49 days and the ultimate end of mourning after 3 years.

der

(religion, Buddhism) 49 days after someone's death, during which their souls are still wandering or need releasing, and regular food offerings are required


不得其死

bất đắc kì tử
bất đắc kì tử#Vietnamese:_不得其死

chữ Hán form of bất đắc kì tử (“(of death) suddenly”)


tử thi

[tɨ˧˩ tʰi˧˧]

[tɨ˧˨ tʰɪj˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰɪj˧˧]


diệt chủng

[ziət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[jiək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

[jiək̚˨˩˨ cʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 滅種, composed of 滅 (“to exterminate”) and 種 (“race”).

vi-etym-sino

Cuối cùng, Holocaust đã cướp đi sinh mạng của hơn 06^([sic]) triệu người Do Thái – đa số bị giết sau hội nghị Wannsee.
Những người tham gia hội nghị trên đều là những kẻ có giáo dục và có ‘văn hóa’. Thế nhưng chúng lại là những nhân tố then chốt trong cuộc diệt chủng người Do Thái.

2022, Trung Hiếu, “Hội nghị diệt chủng Do Thái Wannsee của phát xít Đức vẫn ám ảnh nhân loại đến ngày nay [Nazi Germany's Wannsee Conference to Genocide Jews Still Haunts Humanity Until Today]”, in Tạp Chí Điện Tử Luật Sư Việt Nam [Vietnam Lawyer Journal]:

In the end, the Holocaust robbed over six million Jews of their lives – most being killed after the Wannsee Conference.
Those who participated in that conference were all educated and ‘cultured’. Yet they were key figures in the genocide of Jews.

Trong một bản tuyên bố chung giữa Đức và Namibia, chính phủ Đức lần đầu tiên chính thức thừa nhận những hành động bạo lực do quân đội Phổ (nước Đức ngày nay) gây ra tại vùng đất ngày nay là Namibia là ‘diệt chủng’.

2021 July 13, Nguyên Khang, “Đức đối diện quá khứ của cuộc thảm sát Herero-Nama [Germany Facing Its Past Herero Nama Massacres]”, in Công an nhân dân [The People's Public Security]:

In a joint declaration between Germany and Namibia, the German government for the first time officially recognizes the atrocities committed by the Prussian(-led German) army ([predecessor to] today's Germany) in the territory which is now Namibia as a ‘genocide’.

[…] [W]e remember the lives of all those who died in the Ottoman-era Armenian genocide and recommit ourselves to preventing such an atrocity from ever again occurring. […] We affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.

2024 April 24, Joe Biden, “Statement by President Joe Biden on Armenian Remembrance Day [Presiden Biden Recognizes the Armenian Massacres as a Genocide; Turkey Denounces]”, in The White House; quoted and adapted into Vietnamese in Vi Trân, “Tổng thống Biden công nhận thảm sát Armenia là diệt chủng, Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ lên án”, in Thanh Niên [Young People], 2024 April 25, of original in English:

Amnesty International on Thursday accused Israel of ‘committing genocide’ against Palestinians in Gaza since the start of the war last year, […].
The London-based rights organisation said its findings were based on ‘dehumanising and genocidal statements by Israeli government and military officials’, satellite images documenting devastation, fieldwork and ground reports from Gazans.

2024, News Wires, “Amnesty International report says Israel is committing genocide in Gaza [Amnesty International Accuses Israel of ‘Genocide’ against Palestinians in Gaza]”, in Agence France-Presse; adapted into Vietnamese as “Tổ chức Ân xá Quốc tế tố cáo Israel ‘diệt chủng’ người Palestine ở Gaza”, in VietnamPlus, 2024, of original in English:


thập tử nhất sinh

[tʰəp̚˧˨ʔ tɨ˧˩ ɲət̚˧˦ sïŋ˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨ ɲək̚˦˧˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩ʔ tɨ˧˨ ɲək̚˦˧˥ sɨn˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦ ɲək̚˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧]

[tʰəp̚˨˩˨ tɨ˨˩˦ ɲək̚˦˥ sɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thập tử nhất sinh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 十死一生 (“the odds of death are 10-1”). Compare Chinese 九死一生 (jiǔsǐyīshēng, “the odds of death are 9-1”).

cog

(of illnesses or conditions) highly fatal or critical


tử hình

[tɨ˧˩ hïŋ˨˩]

[tɨ˧˨ hɨn˦˩]

[tɨ˨˩˦ hɨn˨˩]


hấp hối

[həp̚˦˧˥ hoj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 吸 (“to breathe in, to inhale”) and 悔 (“to repent, to regret”), probably alluding to the image of a person gasping for air while muttering their last words. Attested in the Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum (1838).


hung thủ

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰu˧˩]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兇手, composed of 兇 (“fierce”) and 手 (“-er”).

a culprit who is a suspect murderer or assailant


hành quyết

[hɛɲ˦˩ kwiək̚˦˧˥]

ngày hành quyết

to execute (to kill for a capital crime)


lâm chung

[ləm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ləm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ləm˧˧ cʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

"Điểm trùng khớp ớ đây chắc hẳn chính là việc lúc lâm chung cha anh ta đã không an bài sẵn con đường sau này cho anh ta rồi."

2016, chapter 7, in Nguyễn Đức Vịnh, transl., Đừng nói chuyện với cô ấy, part I, NXB Phụ Nữ, translation of 别和她说话 by Yù Jǐn (Ngộ Cẩn):

"The concurrence here is certainly the fact that, before passing away, his father had not set out his future for him."

(literary) about to pass away, on one's deathbed