vương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 王 (“king; prince”), from Middle Chinese 王. After Qin Shi Huang unified China and became the "first emperor" (in a practical sense that he founded the first Chinese empire, as well as a linguistic sense that he coined the Chinese word for "emperor", 皇帝 (huángdì)), 王 had long been demoted from "king" to "prince" (the emperor's male relative that had land) in East Asia.

vi-etym-sino

phong vương

(historical) an East Asian prince who was granted land by the emperor


vua

vi-noun

(classifier vị, nhà, ông) vua • (𤤰, 𢃊, 𪻟)

vị (classifier)
nhà (classifier)
ông (classifier)
𤤰 (CJK)
𢃊 (CJK)
𪻟 (CJK)
con (classifier)
bua (alternative)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vua.wav

Based on the Vietic cognates and Nôm philologist evidence, the proto-Vietnamese form *t-puə can be reconstructed.
Cognate with Chut [Mày] tapuo¹, Muong [Mãn Đức] pua. Compare North Central Vietnamese bua (without lenition) and phân bua. Compare also Mang pua² and Tai Dam ꪜꪺ, both of which derived from an older form of Vietnamese.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經; c. 12th cent.) and Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集; c. 15th cent.) as 𢃊, composed of 司 (MC si) + 布 (MC puH) (modern SV: tư bố). Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗua (“king”) (already undergone lenition) in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).
See also the posthumous title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (modern SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua ("monarch") and cái (“great”), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 next to it, i.e. the title is the phrase "great king/monarch" written in two languages.

đức vua

Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]:
Một nước bao nhiêu triệu dân mà chỉ giao phó quyền chính cho một ông vua thì chẳng là ngu xuẩn lắm ư? Gặp được ông vua thông minh còn e lo chưa hết bổn phận thay, huống là gặp phải anh vua u mê làm ròng những sự độc ác, cấm dân có ăn học không được lo việc nước, thì dân có ăn học không được lo việc nước, thì dân khốn khổ biết bao, và còn có ai dám ra mà gánh vác. Một nhà không ai lo chủ trương, một nước không ai lo chủ trương, thì nhà nước ấy làm sao không tan không mất được.
A country with millions of subjects under the rule of a single monarch, does that not sound foolish? It's not even guaranteed a bright monarch can rule to his full capacity, so if there's a dim monarch who indulges in cruelty, who bans his educated subjects from contributing, those subjects can't contribute, everyone suffers, who would be willing to take responsibility then? A home without anyone taking charge, a country without anyone taking charge, is it surprising that it falls?


天皇

天皇明治 (Thiên hoàng Minh Trị)

chữ Hán form of thiên hoàng (“an Emperor or Empress Regnant of Japan”)


đế quốc

Clipping of chủ nghĩa đế quốc (“imperialism”).

clipping

[ʔɗe˧˦ kuək̚˧˦]

[ʔɗej˨˩˦ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗej˦˥ wək̚˦˥]

bọn đế quốc

đế quốc Mĩ

(only in compounds, historical, collective) imperialists


vương quốc

[vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 王國, composed of 王 (“king”) and 國 (“state”).

vi-etym-sino

Vương quốc Liên hiệp/hợp Anh và Bắc Ai-len

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

a kingdom (nation having as supreme ruler a king and/or queen)


công chúa

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 公主 (SV: công chủ).
In sense 2, a semantic loan from English princess, which itself is a semantic loan from Japanese 姫 (hime, “lady; princess”), whose graphic origin is the graph of Chinese 姬 (“'lady' ← 'ancestral surname of the Zhou monarchs & patrilineally related nobles'”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">công chủ</i>

zh-l

princess, daughter of a monarch (king, emperor)


nữ hoàng

[nɨ˦ˀ˥ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[nɨ˧˨ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[nɨ˨˩˦ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 女皇 (“empress regnant”). The “imperial” connotation of hoàng has been lost due to its favorability over vương, likely due to the influence of historically imperial China and imperial Vietnam, whose monarchs referred to themselves as hoàng đế (“emperor”) or used hoàng in their titles (e.g. Lí Chiêu Hoàng). Compare hoàng hậu (“queen consort”, literally “empress consort”), hoàng tử (“royal prince”, literally “imperial prince”).

vi-etym-sino

nữ hoàng Anh


bà chúa

[ʔɓaː˨˩ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ cuə˦˥]

lady (bà: female, chúa: lord), a title given to wives of Trịnh Lords, whom ruled Northern Vietnam for 217 years (1570–1787)


bà hoàng

[ʔɓaː˨˩ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˦˩ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓaː˨˩ waːŋ˨˩]


hoàng hậu

[hwaːŋ˨˩ həw˧˨ʔ]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ həw˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩ həw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇后 (“empress consort”). The "imperial" connotation of hoàng has been lost due to its favorability over vương, likely due to the influence of historically imperial China and imperial Vietnam, whose monarchs referred to themselves as hoàng đế (“emperor”) or used hoàng in their titles (e.g. Lí Chiêu Hoàng). Compare nữ hoàng (“queen regnant”, literally “empress regnant”), hoàng tử (“royal prince”, literally “imperial prince”).


nữ vương

[nɨ˦ˀ˥ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[nɨ˧˨ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[nɨ˨˩˦ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[nɨ˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

冬十二月，倭國女王俾彌呼遣使奉獻

2016 [late 3rd century CE], Chen Shou, “Annals of the Three Young Emperors – Prince of Qi”, in Bùi Thông, transl., Book of Wei (Records of the Three Kingdoms), translation of original in Chinese:

In winter, in the twelfth month, Himiko – the queen of the Wa country – sent envoys to pay tributes.

16th century, Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, Ch. 54; 2012 English translation by Anthony C. Yu; 1982-1988 Vietnamese translation by Như Sơn, Mai Xuân Hải, & Phương Oanh
Nữ vương chớp chớp đôi mắt phượng, nhíu cặp mày ngài nhìn ngắm kỹ càng, thấy quả là một bậc khác phàm.

Lifting her moth-brows and opening wide her phoenix-eyes, the queen stared at him and found that this was an uncommon figure indeed.


vợ vua

[vəː˧˨ʔ vuə˧˧]

[vəː˨˩ʔ vuə˧˧]

[vəː˨˩˨ vuə˧˧]

[jəː˨˩˨ juə˧˧]


hoàng đế

[hwaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗe˧˦]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[waːŋ˨˩ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇帝, composed of 皇 (“sovereign”) and 帝 (“emperor”), the titles of Chinese creator gods, from Middle Chinese 皇帝 (hwang tejᴴ).
The form huỳnh đế with the Southern reading of the first character is obsolete aside from the compound cua huỳnh đế (“Ranina ranina”).

hoàng-đế (alternative)
huỳnh đế (alternative)
huỳnh-đế (alternative)


萬歲

chữ Hán form of vạn tuế (“(archaic, to a monarch) long live”)


ngôi

From a form related to modern ngồi (“to sit”). Originally probably meant "seat", which then developed into the current meanings.

nối ngôi


沙皇

chữ Hán form of sa hoàng (“synonym of Nga hoàng (“tsar; tsarina regnant”)”)


chúa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 主 (“lord”, SV: chủ), also used as a Sino-Vietnamese syllable in a few compounds. Doublet of chủ (“master; owner”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

ong chúa


quân chủ

[kwən˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩]

[kwəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨]

[wəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 君主 (“monarch”).

1532, Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince; 1909 English translation by Luigi Ricci; 2005 Vietnamese translation by Vũ Mạnh Hồng & Nguyễn Hiền Chi
Các chính thể xưa nay giữ vai trò thống trị tại tất cả các quốc gia, lãnh thổ đều là chế độ cộng hòa hoặc chế độ quân chủ. Chế độ quân chủ gồm chế độ thế tập, là chế độ mà quyền cai trị được truyền trong dòng họ hoàng gia từ đời này sang đời khác và chế độ quân chủ mới.

All states and dominions which hold or have held sway over mankind are either republics or monarchies. Monarchies are either hereditary ones, in which the rulers have been for many years of the same family, or else they are those [monarchies] of recent foundation.

monarchic, monarchical, pertaining to monarchy


hoàng tử

[hwaːŋ˨˩ tɨ˧˩]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ tɨ˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇子, composed of 皇 (“emperor”) and 子 (“son”). The "imperial" connotation of hoàng has been lost due to its favorability over vương, likely due to the influence of historically imperial China and imperial Vietnam, whose monarchs referred to themselves as hoàng đế (“emperor”) or used hoàng in their titles (e.g. Lí Chiêu Hoàng) Compare hoàng hậu (“queen consort”, literally “empress consort”), nữ hoàng (“queen regnant”, literally “empress regnant”).

prince (son or male-line grandson of a reigning monarch)


vương tử

[vɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˩]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˧˨]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]


thái tử

[tʰaːj˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ tɨ˧˨]

[tʰaːj˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]


quận chúa

[kwən˧˨ʔ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[kwəŋ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[wəŋ˨˩˨ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 郡主 (SV: quận chủ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quận chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

princess, sister or niece of a monarch (king, emperor)


phò mã

[fɔ˨˩ maː˦ˀ˥]

[fɔ˦˩ maː˧˨]

[fɔ˨˩ maː˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 駙馬 (SV: phụ mã).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">phụ mã</i>

vi-etym-sino

kén phò mã


vương gia

[vɨəŋ˧˧ zaː˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ jaː˧˧]

prince, brother of a monarch (king, emperor)


thái hậu

[tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]

Stratagems of the Warring States; Vietnamese translation Nguyễn Hiến Lê & Giản Chi; English translation by Paul R. Goldin

Queen Dowager Xuan of Qin loved Wei Choufu. When the Queen Dowager fell ill and was about to die, she issued an order, saying: “When I am buried, Master Wei must accompany me in death.”

Tuyên thái hậu nước Tần yêu Ngụy Xú Phu. Thái hậu đau nặng gần chết, ra lệnh: "Chôn ta thì phải chôn sống Ngụy Tử theo ta."

c. 91 BCE, Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian; Vietnamese translation by Phan Ngọc; English translation by Burton Watson
Lữ Thái Hậu là vợ của Cao Tổ từ lúc còn hàn vi, sinh Hiếu Huệ Đế, con gái là Lỗ Nguyên thái hậu.
Empress Dowager Lü was the consort of Kao-tsu from the time when he was still a commoner. She bore him Emperor Hui the Filial and the queen mother, Princess Yüan of Lu.

queen dowager, queen mother, empress dowager


hoàng thái hậu

[hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]


thái hoàng thái hậu

[tʰaːj˧˦ hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦ həw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦ həw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰaːj˦˥ waːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥ həw˨˩˨]


pha-ra-ông

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ zaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[faː˧˧ ɹaː˧˧ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


phong vương

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fɔŋ˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

to grant a title of princeliness, with "prince" meaning a brother of the current king


vương hậu

[vɨəŋ˧˧ həw˧˨ʔ]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ həw˨˩ʔ]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ həw˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 王后 (“queen, empress”).


vạn tuế

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ twej˨˩˦]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾ej˦˥]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ t⁽ʷ⁾ej˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vạn tuế.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萬歲, composed of 萬 (“ten thousand”) and 歲 (“years of age”). Doublet of muôn tuổi.
Compare thiên tuế (“Cycas pectinata”, literally “thousand years”). The Cycas species are so named likely because of their long lifespan.

Cycas revoluta
Cycas revoluta#Translingual

sago palm (Cycas revoluta), a palm-like cycad


băng hà

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ haː˨˩]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ haː˦˩]

[ʔɓaŋ˧˧ haː˨˩]


quân chủ chuyên chế

[kwən˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩ t͡ɕwiən˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˦]

[kwəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨ t͡ɕwiəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕej˨˩˦]

[wəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦ c⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ cej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 君主專制, composed of 君主 (“monarch”) and 專制 (“autocracy”), from Chinese 君主專制 /君主专制 (jūnzhǔ zhuānzhì).


quân chủ lập hiến

[kwən˧˧ t͡ɕu˧˩ ləp̚˧˨ʔ hiən˧˦]

[kwəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊw˧˨ ləp̚˨˩ʔ hiəŋ˦˧˥]

[wəŋ˧˧ cʊw˨˩˦ ləp̚˨˩˨ hiəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 君主 (“monarch”) and 立憲 (“to make constitution”), from Chinese 君主立憲制 /君主立宪制 (quân chủ lập hiến chế). Compare Japanese 立憲君主制 (rikken kunshusei, lập hiến quân chủ chế), Korean 입헌군주제 (ipheon'gunjuje).

der

quân chủ lập hiến <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chế</i>


tiểu vương quốc

[tiəw˧˩ vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˧˦]

[tiw˧˨ vɨəŋ˧˧ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[tiw˨˩˦ vɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

[tiw˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧ wək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小王 (“emir”) and 國 (“country”).

vi-etym-sino

Các Tiểu vương quốc A-rập Thống nhất


thiên hoàng

[tʰiən˧˧ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 天皇, composed of 天 (“heaven”) and 皇 (“sovereign; emperor”), from Japanese 天皇 (tennō), from Literary Chinese 天皇 (tiānhuáng, “the Heavenly Sovereign”, read in modern Japanese as てんこう (Tenkō) for distinction), one of the 三皇 (Sānhuáng, “Three Sovereigns”), together with the 地皇 (“Earthly Sovereign”) and the 人皇 (“Human Sovereign”). Literary Chinese 天皇 (tiānhuáng) was also broadly interpreted as a mortal emperor who is the 天子 (tiānzǐ, “Child of Heaven”) who receives the 天命 (tiānmìng, “Mandate of Heaven”).

der

read in modern Japanese as <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">てんこう</i> (Tenkō) for distinction

Thiên hoàng Minh Trị

an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan

Earthly Sovereign
Heavenly Sovereign
Human Sovereign
Mandate of Heaven
Son of Heaven
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors


quốc vương

[kuək̚˧˦ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ vɨəŋ˧˧]

[wək̚˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-quốc vương.wav

a modern monarch, such as a king or a sultan


trẫm

Qin Shi Huang, quoted in c. 91 BCE, Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian; 1971 English translation by Burton Watson; Vietnamese translation by Phan Ngọc
Trẫm là Thủy Hoàng Đế, các đời sau cứ theo số mà tính: Nhị Thế, Tam Thế đến Vạn Thế truyền mãi không cùng

We ourselves shall be called First Emperor, and successive generations shall be numbered consecutively: Second, Third, and so on until for 1,000 or 10,000 generations, the succession passing down without end.

1429, Lê Lợi, quoted in 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
Trẫm là người thế nào, mà mệnh trời trao cho chức Đế Vương? Và trẫm nhờ ở điểm nào mà dựng nên được công nghiệp lớn này?

What kind of man am I, that by the Mandate of Heaven (I) have been granted Emperorship and Kingship? And what personal qualities have I relied on to build up all these great achievements and merits?

(imperial, archaic) I; me (similar to the royal we)


trưởng công chúa

[t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˧˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 長公主 (SV: trưởng công chủ).

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trưởng công chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

grand princess, sister of a monarch (king, emperor)


thái trưởng công chúa

[tʰaːj˧˦ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʈɨəŋ˧˨ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ cuə˦˥]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 太長公主 (SV: thái trưởng công chủ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thái trưởng công chủ</i>

vi-etym-sino

great grand-princess, paternal aunt of a monarch (king, emperor)


vương phi

[vɨəŋ˧˧ fi˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

a title given to a queen, wife of a Korean king when she is still alive (she will be called vương hậu after her dead)


vương đại phi

[vɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ fi˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ fɪj˧˧]

[vɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ fɪj˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ fɪj˧˧]

queen dowager, not mother of a Korean king, but widow of the previous king


sa hoàng

[saː˧˧ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[saː˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ʂaː˧˧ waːŋ˨˩]

[saː˧˧ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 沙皇. The 沙 part is a transcription of Russian царь (carʹ).

synonym of Nga hoàng (“tsar; tsarina regnant”)


sắc lệnh

[sak̚˧˦ ləjŋ̟˧˨ʔ]

[ʂak̚˦˧˥ len˨˩ʔ]

[ʂak̚˦˥ ləːn˨˩˨]

[sak̚˦˥ ləːn˨˩˨]

(historical, monarchy) an imperial decree


thiên tuế

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ twej˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ t⁽ʷ⁾ej˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-thiên tuế.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 千歲, composed of 千 (“thousand”) and 歲 (“years of age”).
Compare vạn tuế (“Cycas revoluta”, literally “ten thousand years”). The Cycas species are so named likely because of their long lifespan.


hôn quân

[hoŋ˧˧ kwəŋ˧˧]

[hoŋ˧˧ wəŋ˧˧]


minh quân

[mïŋ˧˧ kwən˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ kwəŋ˧˧]

[mɨn˧˧ wəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 明君, composed of 明 (“bright”) and 君 (“monarch”).


hoàng gia

[hwaːŋ˨˩ zaː˧˧]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ jaː˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩ jaː˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hoàng gia.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇家 (“imperial family”). See also nữ hoàng, hoàng hậu and hoàng tử.

hoàng gia Anh/Nhật

the British royal family / Japanese imperial family


quả nhân

[kwaː˧˩ ɲən˧˧]

[kwaː˧˨ ɲəŋ˧˧]

[waː˨˩˦ ɲəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寡人, composed of 寡 (“lonesome”) and 人 (“person”).

late 4th century BCE, Zuozhuan; 2020, Vietnamese translation by Huỳnh Chương Hưng

Prithee, serve Yuyi as he'll rule the altars and the state, then I, though dead, will have no regret.

Xin ông phụng sự Dữ Di làm chủ xã tắc, quả nhân có chết cũng chẳng hối hận gì

late 4th century BCE, Mencius; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by A.C. Muller
Như quả nhân đây có thể bảo hộ dân chúng được chăng?

“Is someone like me capable of taking care of the people?”

(Chinese fiction, humble, by an East Asian monarch) I/me


Đại Đế

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɗe˧˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɗej˨˩˦]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɗej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大帝, composed of 大 (“great”) and 帝 (“emperor”), from Chinese 大帝 (dàdì).

A-lếch-xan-đơ Đại Đế


Nhật hoàng

[ɲət̚˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ɲək̚˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ɲək̚˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 日皇, composed of 日 (“Japan”) and 皇 (“emperor”)

synonym of thiên hoàng (“Emperor or Empress Regnant of Japan”)


Nga hoàng

[ŋaː˧˧ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[ŋaː˧˧ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[ŋaː˧˧ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 俄皇, composed of 俄 (“Russia”) and 皇 (“emperor”)


mị nương

[mi˧˨ʔ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩ʔ nɨəŋ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˨ nɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 媚 (“pretty; darling”) and 娘 (“daughter”).


cách cách

[kat̚˦˧˥ kat̚˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 格格, Mandarin 格格 (gége), from Manchu ᡤᡝᡤᡝ (gege).

(Chinese fiction) the title of a Manchu Qing princess


hoàng thái tử

[hwaːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ tʰaːj˨˩˦ tɨ˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩ tʰaːj˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皇太子 (“crown prince”).


quan lang

[kwaːŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[waːŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 官 (“official”) and 郎 (“son”).


nhiếp chính

[ɲiəp̚˧˦ t͡ɕïŋ˧˦]

[ɲiəp̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɨn˦˧˥]

[ɲip̚˦˥ cɨn˦˥]

(Roman Catholicism) camerlengo (cardinal who administers the Church in the interregnum between Popes)


俄皇

chữ Hán form of Nga hoàng (“a tsar or tsarina regnant”)