ăn quả nhớ kẻ trồng cây

[ʔan˧˧ kwaː˧˩ ɲəː˧˦ kɛ˧˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kwaː˧˨ ɲəː˨˩˦ kɛ˧˨ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩ kəj˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ waː˨˩˦ ɲəː˦˥ kɛ˨˩˦ ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧]

(literal) to eat fruit and remember who planted the tree


một con ngựa đau, cả tàu bỏ cỏ

(literal) when a single horse falls ill, the whole stable stops eating


dã tràng

[zaː˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩]

[jaː˧˨ ʈaːŋ˦˩]

[jaː˨˩˦ ʈaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 冶 (“to smelt”) and 長 (“constantly”).

vi-etym-sino

(figurative) useless; superfluous; unfruitful


bầu hồ lô

trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
cây (classifier)

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ho˨˩ lo˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ how˦˩ low˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ how˨˩ low˧˧]

bầu (“gourd”) + hồ lô (“calabash bottle”). See 葫蘆 /葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd”).

com

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#English

a bottle gourd; calabash (Lagenaria siceraria)


bòng bong

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, cây) bòng bong • (𣠑𤂧)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𣠑𤂧 (CJK)

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蓬蓬 (“overgrown; unkempt”, SV: bồng bông).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bồng bông</i>

vi-etym-sino

a climbing fern, of the species Lygodium flexuosum

(by extension) any climbing ferns the genus Lygodium


bòng bong

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]


cá mòi

head

cá mòi • (𩵜𩸳)

[kaː˧˦ mɔj˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ mɔj˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ mɔj˨˩]

vi:Cá mòi di cư
vi:Thịt cá mòi
vi:cá mòi


chòi mòi

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)

[t͡ɕɔj˨˩ mɔj˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔj˦˩ mɔj˦˩]

[cɔj˨˩ mɔj˨˩]

chòi (“to emerge”) + mòi (“air bubble underwater”).


cải xanh

[kaːj˧˨ sɛɲ˧˧]

brown mustard; Indian mustard (plant of the species Brassica juncea)


bìm nắp

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, hoa, cây) bìm nắp • (𦹴𠖘)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𦹴𠖘 (CJK)

[ʔɓim˨˩ nap̚˧˦]

[ʔɓim˦˩ nap̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓim˨˩ nap̚˦˥]

Operculina turpethum
Wikispecies:Operculina turpethum


bìm bìm

(classifier quả, trái, hoa, cây) bìm bìm • (𦹴𦹴)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𦹴𦹴 (CJK)

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓim˨˩]

[ʔɓim˦˩ ʔɓim˦˩]

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓim˨˩]

a plant of the family Convolvulaceae (especially bindweed or morning glory)


đậu dải áo

head

đậu dải áo • (豆𦄂𬡢)

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩ ʔaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨ ʔaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦ ʔaːw˦˥]

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

yardlong bean, asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


đậu dải

đậu dải • (豆𦄂)

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦]

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual


chiều tím

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
bông (classifier)


yến sào

[ʔiən˧˦ saːw˨˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˧˥ ʂaːw˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˧˥ saːw˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˥ ʂaːw˨˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˥ saːw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 燕巢 (“swallow's nest”).


cá ngừ

[kaː˧˦ ŋɨ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋɨ˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ŋɨ˨˩]


hải tượng

[haːj˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˧˨ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]


cá nược

[kaː˧˦ nɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ nɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ nɨək̚˨˩˨]


voi biển

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

[jɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

voi (“elephant”) + biển (“sea”). Calque of Chinese 海象 (hǎixiàng).


khổng tước

[xəwŋ͡m˧˩ tɨək̚˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˨ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ tɨək̚˦˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ tɨək̚˦˥]


bọ chó

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ cɔ˦˥]


minh quyết

vi-noun

(classifier cây, hoa, trái, quả) minh quyết

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[mïŋ˧˧ kwiət̚˧˦]

[mɨn˧˧ kwiək̚˦˧˥]

[mɨn˧˧ wiək̚˦˥]

Ceratonia siliqua
Ceratonia siliqua#Translingual


bầu sao

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[ʔɓəw˨˩ saːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ ʂaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ saːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ʂaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ saːw˧˧]

a mottled bottle gourd; long opo squash (a kind of gourd that tends to have light spots)


cẩn

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)


thiên điểu

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiw˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˦]


nguyên cám

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˧˥]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˥]


dương xỉ

[zɨəŋ˧˧ si˧˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 羊 (“sheep”) and 齒 (“tooth”), apparently a rather recent borrowing from Mandarin.
Earlier terms for "fern" are đuôi chồn, lit. "weasel tail" and quán trọng (貫仲), as listed in Dictionarium latino-anamiticum (1838) for Latin filix. In Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895), quán trọng is defined as "medicinal ingredient" (vị thuốc).


bấc

It is not clear which was the original sense, although it is obvious they are of the same etymology. Compare Chinese 燈心草 /灯心草 (dēngxīncǎo, “rush”) and 燈芯 /灯芯 (dēngxīn, “wick”).

Juncus effusus
Juncus effusus#Translingual


gà qué

[ɣaː˨˩ kwɛ˧˦]

[ɣaː˦˩ kwɛ˨˩˦]

[ɣaː˨˩ wɛ˦˥]

gà + qué, probably a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雞 (“chicken”, SV: kê).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kê</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) chicken (generally speaking)


khọn

(obsolete, South Central Vietnam) monkey


mãng xà

[maːŋ˦ˀ˥ saː˨˩]

[maːŋ˧˨ saː˦˩]

[maːŋ˨˩˦ saː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蟒蛇, composed of 蟒 (“python”) and 蛇 (“snake”). The mythological sense is probably a Vietnamese innovation.

a kind of giant, monstrous, wicked snake or serpent in Vietnamese folklore


trạnh

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˨ʔ]


ong khoái

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɔŋ˧˧ xwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˦˥]

ong + khoái; the second element is from Proto-Vietic *kweːʔ, borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language. Cognate with Chut [Rục] kwiː³, Chepang क्वाय्, Drung kua, Manipuri ꯈꯣꯏ (khoʼi) (the latter three inherited from a common ST root). The initial velar shows irregular aspiration.


ngũ sắc

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ sak̚˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˧˨ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ʂak̚˦˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ sak̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五色, composed of 五 (“five”) and 色 (“color”).


lục súc

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 六畜, composed of 六 (“six”) and 畜 (“raise animals”).

the six domestic animals: horse (ngựa), ox (bò), goat (dê), pig (heo/lợn), dog (chó) and fowl (gà)


gà lôi

[ɣaː˨˩ loj˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ loj˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ loj˧˧]

The second element has a cognate in Tho [Cuối Tân Hợp] klol³⁵ (Nguyễn Hữu Hoành et al., 2022).


cá sộp

head

cá sộp • (𩵜𩻒)

[kaː˧˦ sop̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʂop̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ sop̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʂop̚˨˩˨]

[kaː˦˥ sop̚˨˩˨]


vầu

Người Dao dùng cây vầu phục vụ đời sống rất nhiều thứ.

1994, Bàn Tài Đoàn, Lô Quang Kháng, Khu Quang Trung, căn cứ địa Việt Minh trong vùng đồng bào Dao trước 1945: Hồi ký, Văn hóa dân tộc, page 17:

Yao people use vầu for a variety of applications.

Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient
fr:Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient

kind of bamboo commonly found in Northern Vietnam (Bambusa nutans)


dế mèn

[jej˨˩˦ mɛŋ˦˩]

[jej˦˥ mɛŋ˨˩]


cuốn chiếu viên

[kuən˧˦ t͡ɕiəw˧˦ viən˧˧]

[kuəŋ˦˧˥ t͡ɕiw˨˩˦ viəŋ˧˧]

[kuəŋ˦˥ ciw˦˥ viəŋ˧˧]

[kuəŋ˦˥ ciw˦˥ jiəŋ˧˧]

cuốn chiếu (“millipede”) + viên (“pill”)


cá kèo

[kaː˧˦ kɛw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kɛw˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kɛw˨˩]


mực khổng lồ

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˩ lo˨˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩]

giant squid, any of the very large squid, of the genus Architeuthis (family Architeuthidae)


cá cờ

[kaː˧˦ kəː˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kəː˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kəː˨˩]


gà gô

[ɣaː˨˩ ɣo˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ɣow˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ɣow˧˧]


ăn ong

[ʔan˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]


gà ri

[ɣaː˨˩ zi˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʐɪj˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ɹɪj˧˧]


củ từ

[kʊw˧˨ tɨ˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩]

Dioscorea esculenta
Dioscorea esculenta#Translingual


khoai từ

[kʰwaːj˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[kʰwaːj˧˧ tɨ˨˩]


chó xù

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ su˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ sʊw˦˩]

[cɔ˦˥ sʊw˨˩]


đăng tiêu hoa to

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiəw˧˧ hwaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiw˧˧ hwaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiw˧˧ waː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)


se sẻ

[ʂɛ˧˧ ʂɛ˨˩˦]

[sɛ˧˧ sɛ˨˩˦]

Reduplication of sẻ; see there for more.


sâm cầm

[səm˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[ʂəm˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[səm˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[ʂəm˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[səm˧˧ kəm˨˩]


yểng

Gracula religiosa
Gracula religiosa#Translingual


sơn ca

[səːn˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山歌, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 歌 (“to sing”).

vi-etym-sino

(zoology) Oriental skylark (Alauda gulgula)


muỗm

vi-noun

(classifier cây, trái, quả) muỗm • (檬, 梚)

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
檬 (CJK)
梚 (CJK)

Trông lên trên cây muỗm xanh um tùm quả sai trên đó.
Ngày mai vui tươi tôi rủ bạn tôi tới cây nô đùa.
Tôi lên trên cây hái nhanh cho nhiều quả tặng người đây.
Bạn ăn mê say riêng loại quả ngon muỗm sai nơi này.

1997, “Cây Muỗm [The Horse Mango Tree]”performed by Trúc Linh, to the tune of ឱស្វាយចន្ទី (ʼaô svaay cantii):

I look up at the lush green horse mango tree abounding with fruits.
On the joyful morrow, I'll invite my friends to come and play underneath it.
I'll climb up that tree to quickly pluck its many fruits as gifts for them.
My friends will enjoy eating plenty of tasty horse mangoes only here.

Mangifera foetida, a species of flowering plants in the Mangifera (mango genus).


cá trắm

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕam˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈam˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʈam˦˥]

Ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella

(zoology) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

(zoology) black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)


cá rô đồng

[kaː˧˦ zo˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʐow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ɹow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus#Translingual


cát cánh

[kaːt̚˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˦]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ kɛɲ˦˧˥]

Platycodon grandiflorus
Platycodon grandiflorus#Translingual

Chinese bellflower, balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus)


cá đối

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗoj˦˥]


phong lan

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[fɔŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]


tu-líp

[tʊw˧˧ lip̚˦˧˥]


vạn thọ

[vaːn˧˨ʔ tʰɔ˧˨ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɔ˨˩ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɔ˨˩˨]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɔ˨˩˨]

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta#Translingual


râm bụt

[zəm˧˧ ʔɓut̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəm˧˧ ʔɓʊk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəm˧˧ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

râm (“shady”) + Bụt (“Buddha”), roughly "to provide shades for the Buddha", due to the similar shape of the hibiscus flower to the traditional lọng.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

a flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus, especially the Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


thược dược

[tʰɨək̚˧˨ʔ zɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨək̚˨˩ʔ jɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨək̚˨˩˨ jɨək̚˨˩˨]


cẩm chướng

[kəm˧˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˦]

[kəm˧˨ t͡ɕɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəm˨˩˦ cɨəŋ˦˥]

any plants, such as carnations and pinks, of the genus Dianthus


lay ơn

[laj˧˧ ʔəːn˧˧]

[laj˧˧ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[la(ː)j˧˧ ʔəːŋ˧˧]


hoa trà

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[hwaː˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[waː˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

hoa (花, “flower”) + trà (茶, “tea”), calque of Chinese 茶花 (cháhuā).


hoa chè

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕɛ˨˩]

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕɛ˦˩]

[waː˧˧ cɛ˨˩]

hoa (花, “flower”) + chè (茶, “tea”), calque of Chinese 茶花 (cháhuā).


hoa bất tử

[hwaː˧˧ ʔɓət̚˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[hwaː˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ tɨ˧˨]

[waː˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]


mộc lan

[məwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ laːn˧˧]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ laːŋ˧˧]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩˨ laːŋ˧˧]


hoa hiên

[hwaː˧˧ hiəŋ˧˧]

[waː˧˧ hiəŋ˧˧]


hoa giấy

[hwaː˧˧ jəj˨˩˦]

[waː˧˧ jəj˦˥]


cải xoăn

[kaːj˨˩˦ s⁽ʷ⁾aŋ˧˧]


củ cải đường

head

củ cải đường

củ cải đường

vi-noun

củ cải đường

củ cải đường

[ku˧˩ kaːj˧˩ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[kʊw˧˨ kaːj˧˨ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩˦ kaːj˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]


cá ba đuôi

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuəj˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˧]

cá (“fish”) + ba (“three”) + đuôi (“tail”), so called because of the shape of caudal fin of varieties common in Vietnam.


chem chép

[t͡ɕɛm˧˧ t͡ɕɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛm˧˧ t͡ɕɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɛm˧˧ cɛp̚˦˥]


cỏ bợ

[kɔ˧˩ ʔɓəː˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˧˨ ʔɓəː˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˨˩˦ ʔɓəː˨˩˨]

European waterclover (Marsilea quadrifolia)


chàm quạp

[t͡ɕaːm˨˩ kwaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕaːm˦˩ kwaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[caːm˨˩ waːp̚˨˩˨]


nhảy cừu

[ɲaj˧˨ kɨw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kɨw˨˩]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + cừu (“sheep”).

af

(games) Synonym of nhảy ngựa (“to leapfrog”)


hương thảo

[hɨəŋ˧˧ tʰaːw˧˩]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ tʰaːw˧˨]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ tʰaːw˨˩˦]

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual


cún con

[kun˦˧˥ kɔŋ˧˧]

[kʊwŋ͡m˦˥ kɔŋ˧˧]


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + ngựa (“horse”).


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]


trứng rán

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ zaːn˧˦]

[ʈɨŋ˦˧˥ ʐaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʈɨŋ˦˥ ɹaːŋ˦˥]


tép riu

[tɛp̚˦˧˥ ʐiw˧˧]

[tɛp̚˦˥ ɹiw˧˧]

Caridina flavilineata, a species of small shrimp


ba khía

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰiə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰiə˦˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˦˥]

A vernacular loan from a form of Chinese 蟛蜞 (SV: bành kì).


chàng bè

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[caːŋ˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

c. 3rd century BCE, Zhuangzi, Ch. 26; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by Burton Watson
Con cá nào sợ con chàng bè thì không biết đề phòng cái lưới.

Fish do not [know enough to] fear a net, but only to fear pelicans.


mâm xôi

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)

berries of the genus Rubus, especially the raspberry


chôông

[t͡ɕoŋ˧˥ ~ coŋ˧˥]

Thằng Đán thua mình bốn tuổi, chỉ sáu tuổi thôi nhưng khôn hơn rận, chuyện gì cũng biết. Nó nói chôông là giống ma đó. Mình nói ma chi. Nó nói ma l. Mình cười he he he, đá đít nó một phát, nói ba trợn. Thằng Đán trợn mắt trương gân cổ lên, nói thiệt đo, anh không tin thì thôi. Mình nhăn răng cười, nói ba láp, nói ma l. răng không giống… Thằng Đán lại trợn mắt trương gân cổ lên, nói anh chộ rồi răng nói không giống, mình tịt câm. Nó nói anh không chộ chôông toàn làm hang ở mả đàn bà à. Nghe cũng có lý

2014, Nguyễn Quang Lập, “Quê choa chí dị”, in Chuyện nhà quê:

Đán was four years younger than me, but he was very clever albeit being only six. He said "the agamas are ghosts". When I asked what kind of ghost they are, he replied that they were "c*nt ghosts". I laughed, kicked his ass and said that he was just making shit up. Đán insisted vehemently that they were real and "if you don't believe me, fine". I grinned, said he was just bullshitting, "if they are really "c*nt ghosts", why do they look nothing alike?"... Đán once again argued back just as vehemently, "Have you seen them or something, how can you be so sure that they look nothing alike?", which shut me up. He said, "Don't you see that the agamas always burrow in women's graves?". "Sounds reasonable", I thought.

(phonetic spelling) North Central Vietnam form of nhông (“agama”)


cá trứng

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʈɨŋ˦˥]

(zoology) capelin, Mallotus villosus (a type of smelt found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans)


xoan

mặt trái xoan


cá mang rổ

[kaː˧˦ maːŋ˧˧ zo˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧ ʐow˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ maːŋ˧˧ ɹow˨˩˦]


cù kì

[kʊw˦˩ kɪj˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩ kɪj˨˩]


ốc mượn hồn

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ mɨən˧˨ʔ hon˨˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ mɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hoŋ˦˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ mɨəŋ˨˩˨ hoŋ˨˩]

ốc (“gastropods with spiral shell”) + mượn (“to borrow”) + hồn (“soul”).


hành tím

[hɛɲ˦˩ tim˦˧˥]

Allium ascalonicum
Allium ascalonicum#Translingual


khuynh diệp

[xwïŋ̟˧˧ ziəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwɨn˧˧ jiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwɨn˧˧ jiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwɨn˧˧ jip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傾 (“to lean, to tilt”) and 葉 (“leaf”).


gòn

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
棍 (CJK)

Unclear. The word is not Sino-Vietnamese and ⟨g/gh⟩ is also not a possible initial in Sino-Vietnamese proper, therefore the word might be either native, a vernacular Sinitic loan (either from a regional Sinitic language or is an early, pre-Middle Chinese loan), or a loan from another neighboring language. The Nôm character 棍, as with many other cases, is merely a character formed by phono-semantic matching.
The word might (but unlikely) be the second element in the placename Sài Gòn.


bông giấy

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ zəj˧˦]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˦˥]

Bông giấy ngũ sắc có 5 màu: đỏ, hồng, cam, trắng, tím; là loài dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh, chịu hạn tốt, phù hợp với khí hậu nhiệt đới. Cây siêng ra hoa quanh năm và có thể cắt tỉa, uốn sửa theo nhiều dáng thế khác nhau.

2021, Thành Hiệp, “Thêm một vườn hoa đón du khách check-in (Another flower garden invites tourists to check-in)”, Cần Thơ News Online:

Five-colored bougainvilleas are either red-, pink-, orange-, white-, or purple-colored; [bougainvillea] is a species easy to grow, rarely susceptible to pests and diseases, and drought-tolerant, thus fitting for the tropical climate. These plants bloom all year round and can be trimmed and bent into a variety of shapes and poses.


vành khuyên

[vɛɲ˦˩ kʰwiəŋ˧˧]

[vɛɲ˦˩ xwiəŋ˧˧]


con vật

[kɔn˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[kɔŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

con + vật. Likely started out as a noun phrase, but has become lexicalized.


bò vẽ

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ vɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

Element bò is a variant of vò (“wasp (obsolete)”); element vẽ'’s meaning is obscure.

Vespa affinis
Vespa affinis#Translingual

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


vò vẽ

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

From vò (“wasp (obsolete)”) + vẽ, whose meaning is obscure.

(Northern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


chim non

[t͡ɕim˧˧ nɔn˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

[cim˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

chim (“bird”) + non (“young; tender; premature”).

com

(zoology) chick; birdie; fledgling; nestling


nhệch

Northern Vietnam form of lệch (“eel of the genus Pisodonophis”)


dã thú

[zaː˦ˀ˥ tʰu˧˦]

[jaː˧˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[jaː˨˩˦ tʰʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 野獸, composed of 野 (“wild”) and 獸 (“beast”).

vi-etym-sino

trường phái dã thú

Thì ra, dưới cái bình phong lòe loẹt, cốt lòe người kia, chúng hiện nguyên hình là những con dã thú. Vì là dã thú mới có thể ăn thịt đồng loại, ăn thịt một cách nghệ thuật và cảm thụ được niềm vui của hành động táng tận lương tâm.

1999, Lê Bảo, THƠ VIỆT NAM - TÁC GIẢ, TÁC PHẨM, LỜI BÌNH [VIETNAMESE POETRY: POETS, POEMS AND COMMENTARY], Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục:

It turned out, behind the garish screen of deception, their true colors are those of beasts. Being beasts, they had no qualms about cannibalizing their own ilk, eating them artistically, while relishing the joy of their depravity.


anh túc

[ʔajŋ̟˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ʔɛɲ˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ʔan˧˧ tʊwk͡p̚˦˥]


sò lụa

[sɔ˨˩ luə˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɔ˦˩ luə˨˩ʔ]

[sɔ˦˩ luə˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɔ˨˩ luə˨˩˨]

[sɔ˨˩ luə˨˩˨]

undulate venus, Paratapes undulatus, Paphia undulata


chíp chíp

[t͡ɕip̚˧˦ t͡ɕip̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕip̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕip̚˦˧˥]


đại mạch

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ majk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ mat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大麥, composed of 大 (“large”) and 麥 (“wheat”), from Chinese 大麥 /大麦 (dàmài). Compare Japanese 大麦 (ōmugi).

Coordinate term: tiểu mạch


hèo

The sense "stroke" is derived from the usage of these species of palms as canes and sticks used in corporal punishment of criminals.

certain species of palms, especially those in the genus Rhapis


kiến ba khoang

[kiən˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

kiến (“ant”) + ba (“three”) + khoang (“ring”).


nai sừng tấm

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˨˩ təm˧˦]

[naːj˧˧ ʂɨŋ˦˩ təm˦˧˥]

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˦˩ təm˦˧˥]

[naːj˧˧ ʂɨŋ˨˩ təm˦˥]

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˨˩ təm˦˥]

nai (“sambar deer”) + sừng (“horn”) + tấm (“classifier for flat things”).


rau nhút

[ʐaw˧˧ ɲʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ ɲʊk͡p̚˦˥]


cua đồng

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

various freshwater crabs of the genus Somanniathelphusa


mùi tàu

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

culantro; chadon beni (Eryngium foetidum)


mai vàng

→ English: yellow mai (calque)

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˦˩]

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[maːj˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩]


chuối tiêu

[t͡ɕuəj˧˦ tiəw˧˧]

chuối (“banana”) + tiêu (Sino-Vietnamese word from 蕉 (“banana”)).

Sino-Vietnamese word from <i class="Hani mention" lang="vi">蕉</i> (“banana”)

Musa × paradisiaca
Musa × paradisiaca#Translingual

kind of cultivated banana (Musa × paradisiaca)


chi sau

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ ʂaw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ saw˧˧]


Nê-an-đéc-tan

[ne˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˧˦ taːn˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˧˥ taːŋ˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥ taːŋ˧˧]

người Nê-an-đéc-tan

Homo neanderthalensis
Homo neanderthalensis#Translingual

Neanderthal (a specimen of the now extinct species Homo neanderthalensis)


chi trước

[t͡ɕi˧˧ t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˧˥]

[cɪj˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˥]


cá thiều

[kaː˧˦ tʰiəw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰiw˦˩]

Netuma thalassina
Netuma thalassina#Translingual


rau càng cua

[zaw˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ kuə˧˧]

[ʐaw˧˧ kaːŋ˦˩ kuə˧˧]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ kuə˧˧]

rau (“leaf vegetable”) + càng (“pincer”) + cua (“crab”).


rạn san hô

[ʐaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂaːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ʐaːŋ˨˩ʔ saːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ɹaːŋ˨˩˨ ʂaːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ɹaːŋ˨˩˨ saːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]


cá bông lau

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ law˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ law˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ la(ː)w˧˧]

cá (“fish”) + bông lau.
The Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895) defined bông lau as "Vẻ xen lộn có đen có trắng; bông cây lau" ("the appearance is a mix of black and white; reed flowers"). The intended sense is likely the first one, thus probably "black-and-white fish".

Pangasius krempfi
Pangasius krempfi#Translingual

a type of shark catfish, Pangasius krempfi


lúa nước

[luə˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[luə˨˩˦ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[luə˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]


nấm mối

[nəm˦˧˥ moj˨˩˦]


chàng hiu

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ hiw˧˧]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˩ hiw˧˧]


thiên lí

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

(obsolete, literary) rules of nature; laws of nature; natural law


điên điển

[ʔɗiən˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


điên điển

[ʔɗiən˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


gấu Bắc Cực

[ɣəw˧˦ ʔɓak̚˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣəw˨˩˦ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣəw˦˥ ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual

white bear, polar bear (Ursus maritimus)


dây thường xuân

[zəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ swən˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩ swəŋ˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]


trúc đào

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˦˩]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 竹 and 桃, from a shortening of Sinitic 夾竹桃 (SV: giáp trúc đào).

Nerium oleander
Nerium oleander#Translingual

the oleander, Nerium oleander, a poisonous shrub often grown as an ornamental plant


ngô đồng

[ŋo˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ŋow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ŋow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

the Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana simplex), a large tree with lightweight wood often used to make the soundboards of instruments like the guzheng and guqin etc.


chanh chách

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ t͡ɕajk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧ t͡ɕat̚˦˧˥]

Onomatopoeic, from the sound they make.
Seems to distribute in the northern portion of coastal Northern Vietnam, particularly Hải Phòng and Quảng Ninh.

(certain coastal dialects of Northern Vietnam) common house gecko


cá ông chuông

[kaː˧˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ cuəŋ˧˧]


trừu

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">trữ</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 羜 (“five-month-old sheep or goat”, SV: trữ)


tóc tiên

[tawk͡p̚˦˧˥ tiəŋ˧˧]

麥門冬矩襟𩯀仙

"Màiméndōng" is the tuberous root of the dwarf lilyturf.

(by extension) pink rain lily, Zephyranthes rosea


chồn hôi

[t͡ɕoŋ˦˩ hoj˧˧]

chồn (“weasel”) + hôi (“stinky, smelly”).


mận bắc

[mən˧˨ʔ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[məŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[məŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓak̚˦˥]

mận (“plum”) + bắc (“North”), so named because within Vietnam, it is only grown in the Northern region.

(Southern Vietnam) Prunus salicina, the Chinese plum or Japanese plum


cá nóc mít

[kaː˨˩˦ nawk͡p̚˦˧˥ mit̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ nawk͡p̚˦˥ mɨt̚˦˥]

cá nóc (“tetraodontiform”) + mít (“jackfruit”).

Somphong's puffer (Carinotetraodon lorteti)


cá chốt

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕot̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕok̚˦˧˥]

certain bagrid, chiefly in the genera Mystus and Pseudomystus


sặt

certain species of bamboos, especially the Asian species sometimes included in the genus Arundinaria


rong biển

[zawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʐawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʐɔŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ɹawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]


thông thiên

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰiən˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 通天, composed of 通 and 天.


thát lát

A loan word. Compare Khmer ស្លាត (slaat) and Thai สลาด (slàat) ~ ฉลาด (chà-làat).

2018, Bạn Nhà Nông ("Farmers' Friend"), “Kỹ Thuật Nuôi Cá Thát Lát Bằng Thức Ăn Công Nghiệp (The Technique to Raise Bronze Featherbacks with Industrial Feeds)”, Kiến Thức Nhà Nông ("Farmers' Knowledge")

After this harvest, Mr. Sang will improve his ponds, wherein he will release a broodstock of 30,000 bronze featherbacks for the Lunar New Year's harvest.

Sau đợt thu hoạch cá lần này, ông Sang sẽ cho cải tạo lại ao để tiếp tục thả lại 30.000 con thát lát giống để thu hoạch vào dịp Tết.


dù dì

[jʊw˦˩ jɪj˦˩]

[jʊw˨˩ jɪj˨˩]


kì tôm

Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)


sâu đo

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]


ngũ cốc nguyên cám

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ kəwk͡p̚˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧ kaːm˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ kəwk͡p̚˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngũ cốc nguyên cám.wav


táu

cây (classifier)
奏 (CJK)
楱 (CJK)
𣒴 (CJK)

various timber trees of the genus Vatica


bồ hòn

[ʔɓo˨˩ hɔn˨˩]

[ʔɓow˦˩ hɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ hɔŋ˨˩]

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vô hoạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 無患 (SV: vô hoạn)

Thương nhau củ ấu cũng tròn, ghét nhau thì quả bồ hòn cũng vuông.

If we care for one another, even water caltrops are round; if we hate each other, even the western soapberry fruit is square.


kết trái

Chinese 結 /结 + trái (“fruit”), partial calque of Chinese 結果 /结果 (SV: kết quả).

pcal

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kết quả</i>

đơm hoa kết trái; đâm bông kết trái

(originally Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam) to bear fruit


móng huyền

[mawŋ͡m˦˧˥ hwiəŋ˦˩]

[mɔŋ˦˧˥ hwiəŋ˦˩]

[mawŋ͡m˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]

Partial calque of Chinese 懸蹄 /悬蹄 (huyền đề, literally “hanging digit/hoof/claw”).


quả mọng

[kwaː˧˨ mɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩˦ mawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


táo mèo

[taːw˨˩˦ mɛw˦˩]

táo (“apple, jujube, date”) + mèo (“cat”)

com

fruit of Docynia, sometimes calqued as "cat apple"


vâm

Con hùm kiêng gọi là ông ba mươi, con rắn kiêng gọi là ông lốt, con voi kiêng gọi là ông vâm.

1915, Phan Kế Bính, Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]:

As a form of avoidance, the tiger is called ông ba mươi, the snake is called ông lốt, the elephant is called ông vâm.


nai cà tông

[naːj˧˧ kaː˨˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[naːj˧˧ kaː˦˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[naːj˧˧ kaː˨˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

From nai (“deer”) + cà tông (uncertain, probably a corruption of cà tong).


thắng đái

[tʰaŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˦]

[tʰaŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˦]

[tʰaŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːj˦˥]

thắng (“to strap a horse saddle”) + đái (Sino-Vietnamese word from 帶).

Sino-Vietnamese word from <i class="Hani mention" lang="vi">帶</i>

(equestrianism) strap that runs under the belly of the horse, for fixating the saddle


mã lặc

[maː˦ˀ˥ lak̚˧˨ʔ]

[maː˧˨ lak̚˨˩ʔ]

[maː˨˩˦ lak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 馬勒, composed of 馬 (“horse”) and 勒 (“bridle”).


mắc khén

[mak̚˦˧˥ kʰɛŋ˦˧˥]

[mak̚˦˧˥ xɛŋ˦˧˥]

[mak̚˦˥ kʰɛŋ˦˥]

[mak̚˦˥ xɛŋ˦˥]

Borrowed from a Tai language. Compare Thai มะแขว่น (má-kwɛ̀ɛn).

cog

Thai มะแขว่น (má-kwɛ̀ɛn)


mắc mật

[mak̚˧˦ mət̚˧˨ʔ]

[mak̚˦˧˥ mək̚˨˩ʔ]

[mak̚˦˥ mək̚˨˩˨]

Borrowed from a Tai language, literally means "ant fruit". Compare Zhuang makmoed; Lao ຫມາກ ມົດ (māk mot).


sâng

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
lá (classifier)


dổi

various plants of the superseded genus Michelia, which plants are now in species of Magnolia.


đồn đột

[ʔɗon˨˩ ʔɗot̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗoŋ˦˩ ʔɗok̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗoŋ˨˩ ʔɗok̚˨˩˨]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) sea cucumber


cá lìm kìm

various fish of the family Zenarchopteridae


thuốc cá

[tʰuək̚˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[tʰuək̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

[tʰuək̚˦˥ kaː˦˥]


ô môi

It has been claimed that the "lesbian" sense comes from a misreading of French homo, in which case the hyphenated spelling would be justified.

Coordinate term: pê-đê

Ví dụ, có gia đình mong con trai thì sinh toàn con gái. Có gia đình mong sinh con gái nhưng toàn sinh con trai quậy phá. Có người muốn sinh con trai hoặc con gái cũng được nhưng lại sinh ra ô môi và pê-đê.

2018 May 24, Thích Nhật Từ, THIỀN VIPASSANĀ - BỐN NỀN TẢNG CHÁNH NIỆM [VIPASSANĀ MEDITATION: FOUR MINDFULNESS FOUNDATIONS]:

For example, some families want sons but only have daughters. Some want daughters but only have naughty sons. Some people want sons or daughters but end up having gays and lesbians.

(informal, derogatory) lesbian, tomboyish or butch


kiền kiền

[kiəŋ˦˩ kiəŋ˦˩]

[kiəŋ˨˩ kiəŋ˨˩]


Thỏ

From thỏ, and from the Telex input of English Thor, where the r adds a hook above Tho by default, and the r key must be double-tapped otherwise.

(fiction) the stock name for an anthropomorphic rabbit or hare

(fandom slang) either the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Thor or his actor Chris Hemsworth


mồn mồn

[moŋ˦˩ moŋ˦˩]

[moŋ˨˩ moŋ˨˩]

(Thanh Hoá) a kind of red land crab found in Thanh Hoá


tôm càng xanh

[tom˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[tom˧˧ kaːŋ˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

tôm (“shrimp”) + càng (“crustacean claw, pincer”) + xanh (“blue”).

com

giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)


sầm

certain plants of the family Memecylaceae


sơn vé

[səːn˧˧ vɛ˧˦]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ vɛ˨˩˦]

[səːŋ˧˧ vɛ˨˩˦]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ vɛ˦˥]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɛ˦˥]


trai lí

[t͡ɕaːj˧˧ li˧˦]

[ʈaːj˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[ʈaːj˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

A shrub of species Garcinia fagraeoides, of Vietnam


tai chua

[taːj˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˧]

[taːj˧˧ t͡ɕuə˧˧]


đoác

[ʔɗwaːk̚˦˧˥]

From an Austronesian source. Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuak (“palm wine”).

cog

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


bụp giấm

[ʔɓup̚˧˨ʔ zəm˧˦]

[ʔɓup̚˨˩ʔ jəm˦˧˥]

[ʔɓʊp̚˨˩˨ jəm˦˥]


cá ngão

[kaː˧˦ ŋaːw˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋaːw˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ ŋaːw˨˩˦]

predatory carp (Chanodichthys erythropterus)


cá tuyết

[kaː˨˩˦ twiək̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ t⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˦˥]

From cá (“fish”) + tuyết (“snow”), calque of Chinese 鱈魚 /鳕鱼 (xuěyú).


cá chẽm

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕɛm˦ˀ˥]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕɛm˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ cɛm˨˩˦]


cá vược

head

cá vược • (个/𩵜 + 䱛/鰔)

[kaː˧˦ vɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ vɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ vɨək̚˨˩˨]

[kaː˦˥ jɨək̚˨˩˨]

com

Sino-Vietnamese word from <i class="Hani mention" lang="vi">䱛</i> ?

cá (“fish”) + vược (Sino-Vietnamese word from 䱛 ?)


cá hề

From cá (“fish”) + hề (“clown”), calque of English clownfish.


cá hố

[kaː˨˩˦ how˨˩˦]

Trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus#Translingual

largehead hairtail, cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus)


cá cúi

[kaː˨˩˦ kuj˨˩˦]

From cá (“fish”) + cúi (“pig”), literally “pig fish”.


củ khởi

[ku˧˩ xəːj˧˩]

[kʊw˧˨ kʰəːj˧˨]

[kʊw˧˨ xəːj˧˨]

[kʊw˨˩˦ kʰəːj˨˩˦]

[kʊw˨˩˦ xəːj˨˩˦]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 枸杞 (SV: cẩu kỉ).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cẩu kỉ</i>


ó cá

[ʔɔ˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[ʔɔ˨˩˦ kaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɔ˦˥ kaː˦˥]

Pandion haliaetus
Pandion haliaetus#Translingual


ưng biển

[ʔɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʔɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɨŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]


ô tác

[ʔo˧˧ taːk̚˧˦]

[ʔow˧˧ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔow˧˧ taːk̚˦˥]


yến mạch

[ʔiən˧˦ majk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔiəŋ˦˧˥ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔiəŋ˦˥ mat̚˨˩˨]


mắt mèo

[mak̚˦˧˥ mɛw˦˩]


cá lạc

[kaː˧˦ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ laːk̚˨˩˨]

daggertooth pike conger
daggertooth pike conger

daggertooth pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus)


củ mài

[kʊw˨˩˦ maːj˨˩]


sấu đỏ

[səw˧˦ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[ʂəw˨˩˦ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[səw˨˩˦ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[ʂəw˦˥ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[səw˦˥ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]


cá leo

[kaː˧˦ lɛw˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ lɛw˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ lɛw˧˧]

The second element is same as the nheo in cá nheo. However, this compound probably went through semantic narrowing and now refers to W. attu (and others within the Wallago genus).


vòi voi

[vɔj˨˩ vɔj˧˧]

[vɔj˦˩ vɔj˧˧]

[vɔj˨˩ vɔj˧˧]

[jɔj˨˩ jɔj˧˧]


câu cấu

[kəw˧˧ kəw˧˦]

[kəw˧˧ kəw˨˩˦]

[kəw˧˧ kəw˦˥]


dái mít

[jaːj˨˩˦ mit̚˦˧˥]

[jaːj˦˥ mɨt̚˦˥]

From dái (“fruit”) + mít (“jackfruit”). The first element is an unetymological spelling of giái and doesn't actually mean "testicle", although admittedly had been contaminated to a great extant, compare dái tai.


nắc nẻ

[nak̚˧˦ nɛ˧˩]

[nak̚˦˧˥ nɛ˧˨]

[nak̚˦˥ nɛ˨˩˦]

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


guồi

Compare Khmer គុយ (kuy) and Thai คุย (kui).


đòng đong

head

đòng đong • (鮦鮗, 茼茼, 同冬)

vi-noun

(classifier con) đòng đong • (鮦鮗, 茼茼, 同冬)

con (classifier)
鮦鮗 (CJK)
茼茼 (CJK)
同冬 (CJK)

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɗɔŋ˦˩ ʔɗɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˧]

Khôn như con Mài mại, dại như con Đòng đong.

2010, Nguyễn Đức Can, Tục ngữ ca dao Hưng Yên [Proverbs and Folk songs of Hưng Yên province], Hanoi: NXB Văn hóa Thông tin, page 60:

As smart as a mài mại, as stupid as a đòng đong.

kind of small barb that lives in ponds or paddy fields (prob. Puntius semifasciolatus)


sâu róm

[səw˧˧ zɔm˧˦]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʐɔm˦˧˥]

[səw˧˧ ʐɔm˦˧˥]

[ʂəw˧˧ ɹɔm˦˥]

[səw˧˧ ɹɔm˦˥]


chiêu liêu

[t͡ɕiəw˧˧ liəw˧˧]

T. chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual

various plants of the genus Terminalia (esp. T. nigrovenulosa or T. chebula)


hữu nhũ

[hiw˦ˀ˥ ɲu˦ˀ˥]

[hɨw˧˨ ɲʊw˧˨]

[hɨw˨˩˦ ɲʊw˨˩˦]

động vật hữu nhũ


mai gầm

[maːj˧˧ ɣəm˨˩]

[maːj˧˧ ɣəm˦˩]

[maːj˧˧ ɣəm˨˩]

The element mai is either inherited from Proto-Vietic, or, more likely, borrowed from another Austroasiatic language. In any case, cognate with Muong Bi màl (“banded krait”) and Proto-Khmuic *maːr (“snake”) (whence Phong-Kniang maːr ("snake")).
Since cognates of this word in other Austroasiatic branches mean "to crawl" (cf. Pacoh môr), and only developed the meaning of "snake" in Vietic and Khmuic, if Vietnamese mai was borrowed and not inherited, it could only have had borrowed from a fellow Vietic language (such as a Muong lect) or from Khmuic.


hổ mang

[ho˧˩ maːŋ˧˧]

[how˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧]


dồng dộc

[zəwŋ͡m˨˩ zəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˦˩ jəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəwŋ͡m˨˩ jəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


đỉa hẹ

[ʔɗiə˧˩ hɛ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗiə˧˨ hɛ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗiə˨˩˦ hɛ˨˩˨]


tôm he

tôm (“shrimp; prawn”) + he (of unknown origin).


tôm sú

[tom˧˧ ʂʊw˨˩˦]

[tom˧˧ ʂʊw˦˥]

tôm (“shrimp; prawn”) + sú (of unknown origin).


bời lời

[ʔɓəːj˨˩ ləːj˨˩]

[ʔɓəːj˦˩ ləːj˦˩]

[ʔɓəːj˨˩ ləːj˨˩]


ô rô

[ʔow˧˧ ʐow˧˧]

[ʔow˧˧ ɹow˧˧]

various plants in the family Acanthaceae


càng cuốc

[kaːŋ˨˩ kuək̚˧˦]

[kaːŋ˦˩ kuək̚˦˧˥]

[kaːŋ˨˩ kuək̚˦˥]


càng đước

[kaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗɨək̚˧˦]

[kaːŋ˦˩ ʔɗɨək̚˦˧˥]

[kaːŋ˨˩ ʔɗɨək̚˦˥]

yellow-headed temple turtle (Heosemys annandalii)


rạm

con (classifier)
𫋟 (CJK)
𧓦 (CJK)
𧔜 (CJK)
𧕭 (CJK)


cà sáy

[kaː˦˩ ʂaj˨˩˦]

(Quảng Ninh) hybrid of a ngan and a vịt; kind of mulard


cà ra

[kaː˨˩ zaː˧˧]

[kaː˦˩ ʐaː˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ ɹaː˧˧]

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)


bù tọt

[ʔɓu˨˩ tɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓʊw˦˩ tɔk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓʊw˨˩ tɔk̚˨˩˨]


dướng

Broussonetia papyrifera
Broussonetia papyrifera#Translingual

paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)


dác

juvenile wood (section closest to the pith)


căm căm

Thịt Căm căm ngon tuyệt đỉnh, nếu rang cho 3 người ăn cần chừng hai lạng, [...]

2020 January 5, Lê Minh, “"Thất chủng bò ngang" miền nước lợ ["Seven horizontal-crawler species" of the brackish water zone]”, in Lao Động:

Căm căm's meat is superbly delicious, and about two tael of this roasted delicacy is needed to feed three people, …

(rare, coastal Northern Vietnam) kind of crab


vái giời

[vaːj˧˦ zəːj˨˩]

[vaːj˨˩˦ jəːj˦˩]

[vaːj˦˥ jəːj˨˩]

[jaːj˦˥ jəːj˨˩]

vái (“to perform a wai”) + giời (“sky”).

com

to perform a <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">wai</i>


vái giời

[vaːj˧˦ zəːj˨˩]

[vaːj˨˩˦ jəːj˦˩]

[vaːj˦˥ jəːj˨˩]

[jaːj˦˥ jəːj˨˩]

Loại định cư cuối cùng là Vái giời chỉ to bằng gốc đũa, lưng khum cao, thân màu phù sa và cặp càng cũng tía đỏ.

The final sedentary species is the vái giời, only as big as the root of the chopstick, with a curved and tall carapace, silt-colored body and pair of reddish pincers.

(rare, coastal Northern Vietnam) kind of small crab


núc nác

[nʊwk͡p̚˧˦ naːk̚˧˦]

[nʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ naːk̚˦˧˥]

[nʊwk͡p̚˦˥ naːk̚˦˥]

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual


cá lác

[kaː˧˦ laːk̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ laːk̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ laːk̚˦˥]


liu điu

kind of long-tailed lizard (Takydromus sp.)


bùm bụp

[ʔɓum˨˩ ʔɓup̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓum˦˩ ʔɓup̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓʊm˨˩ ʔɓʊp̚˨˩˨]


bồ đào cầu khuẩn

[ʔɓo˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ kəw˨˩ xwən˧˩]

[ʔɓow˦˩ ʔɗaːw˦˩ kəw˦˩ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˦˩ ʔɗaːw˦˩ kəw˦˩ xwəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɓow˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ kəw˨˩ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓow˨˩ ʔɗaːw˨˩ kəw˨˩ xwəŋ˨˩˦]


lị trực khuẩn

[li˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɨk̚˧˨ʔ xwən˧˩]

[lɪj˨˩ʔ ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[lɪj˨˩ʔ ʈɨk̚˨˩ʔ xwəŋ˧˨]

[lɪj˨˩˨ ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[lɪj˨˩˨ ʈɨk̚˨˩˨ xwəŋ˨˩˦]

lị (“dysentery”) + trực khuẩn (“bacillus”).


mạt gà

[maːt̚˧˨ʔ ɣaː˨˩]

[maːk̚˨˩ʔ ɣaː˦˩]

[maːk̚˨˩˨ ɣaː˨˩]


gà Đông Tảo

[ɣaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˧˩]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˧˨]

[ɣaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˨˩˦]

gà (“chicken”) + Đông Tảo (a commune in Hưng Yên, Vietnam, where this chicken breed originated).


gà ta

[ɣaː˨˩ taː˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ taː˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ taː˧˧]

gà (“chicken”) + ta (“our; Vietnamese”).

Theo chủ một doanh nghiệp cung cấp trứng gà ta vào siêu thị, gà ta tức gà bản địa, được nuôi tập trung và sử dụng thức ăn theo công thức riêng do nhà máy cung cấp.

2023 March 25, Vương Ngọc, “Chuyện lạ: Trứng gà ta rẻ hơn trứng gà công nghiệp”, in Người Lao Động, retrieved 2024-11-19:

According to the owner of a business that supplies eggs of Vietnamese chickens to supermarkets, Vietnamese chickens, i.e. native chickens, are raised collectively and use food according to a specific feed formulation provided by the factory.

any of various chicken breeds native to Vietnam


thao lao

certain trees of the genus Lagerstroemia (esp. L. calyculata and L. speciosa)


chim trảu

[t͡ɕim˧˧ t͡ɕaw˧˩]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ʈaw˧˨]


cá vền

[kaː˦˥ vəːn˨˩]

[kaː˦˥ jəːn˨˩]


cà na

[kaː˨˩ naː˧˧]

[kaː˦˩ naː˧˧]

[kaː˨˩ naː˧˧]

From Teochew 橄欖 /橄榄 (gan¹ na²). Compare Thai กาน้า.

(Southern Vietnam) plants of the genus Canarium


tắc te

[tak̚˧˦ tɛ˧˧]

[tak̚˦˧˥ tɛ˧˧]

[tak̚˦˥ tɛ˧˧]


tứ thiết

[tɨ˧˦ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[tɨ˨˩˦ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[tɨ˦˥ tʰiək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四 (“four”) and 鐵 (“strong, firm”).

vi-etym-sino

four traditional fine types of timber native to Vietnam: đinh, lim, sến, táu


chà ran

[t͡ɕaː˨˩ zaːn˧˧]

[t͡ɕaː˦˩ ʐaːŋ˧˧]

[caː˨˩ ɹaːŋ˧˧]


sau sau

[ʂaw˧˧ ʂaw˧˧]

Liquidambar formosana
Liquidambar formosana#Translingual


kì nam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 奇楠, originally from either Sanskrit कालागुरु (kālāguru, “black agarwood”) or alternatively तगर (tagara, “crepe jasmine”).


quéo

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
𣐲 (CJK)

(botany) Mangifera reba, syn. Mangifera gedebe, similar to the mango but with fruit that is smaller and less sweet


xoài hôi

[s⁽ʷ⁾aːj˨˩ hoj˧˧]

xoài (“mango”) + hôi (“foul”). Compare the scientific name.

(botany) horse mango (Mangifera foetida), a species of flowering plant in the Mangifera (mango genus).


chuối tá quạ

vi-noun

(classifier cây, quả, trái) chuối tá quạ

[t͡ɕuəj˧˦ taː˧˦ kwaː˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuj˨˩˦ taː˨˩˦ kwaː˨˩ʔ]

[cuj˦˥ taː˦˥ waː˨˩˨]

chuối + tá quạ. According to folk etymology, the second element is a corrupted form of tá hoả.

kind of banana cultivated in Trà Vinh, Vietnam (Musa × paradisiaca), that can bear oversized fruits


hương nhu tía

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲu˧˧ tiə˧˦]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧ tiə˨˩˦]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧ tiə˦˥]

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual

(botany) holy basil, tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum)


hương nhu

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲu˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˧˧ ɲʊw˧˧]


húng

Lamiales plants of various kinds, often used as culinary herbs


ngọc khấu

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ xəw˧˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ xəw˨˩˦]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ kʰəw˦˥]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ xəw˦˥]

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual


nhục đậu khấu

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ xəw˧˦]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ kʰəw˨˩˦]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ xəw˨˩˦]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩˨ kʰəw˦˥]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəw˨˩˨ xəw˦˥]


quế bì

[kwe˧˦ ʔɓi˨˩]

[kwej˨˩˦ ʔɓɪj˦˩]

[wej˦˥ ʔɓɪj˨˩]

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

Chinese cinnamon, cassia (Cinnamomum cassia)


nhục quế

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kwe˧˦]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ kwej˨˩˦]

[ɲʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ wej˦˥]

Chinese cinnamon, cassia (Cinnamomum cassia))


quế đơn

[kwe˧˦ ʔɗəːn˧˧]

[kwej˨˩˦ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]

[wej˦˥ ʔɗəːŋ˧˧]


húng dổi

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ joj˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˥ joj˨˩˦]

Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora)


húng giổi

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˧˥ joj˧˨]

[hʊwŋ͡m˦˥ joj˨˩˦]


chuối ngự

[t͡ɕuəj˧˦ ŋɨ˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuj˨˩˦ ŋɨ˨˩ʔ]

[cuj˦˥ ŋɨ˨˩˨]

chuối + ngự. According to folk etymology, the second element is a Sino-Vietnamese word from 御 (“royal”).

kind of cultivated banana originated from Hà Nam, Vietnam


mắc cọp

[mak̚˧˦ kɔp̚˧˨ʔ]

[mak̚˦˧˥ kɔp̚˨˩ʔ]

[mak̚˦˥ kɔp̚˨˩˨]


sò mai

[sɔ˨˩ maːj˧˧]

[ʂɔ˦˩ maːj˧˧]

[sɔ˦˩ maːj˧˧]

[ʂɔ˨˩ maːj˧˧]

[sɔ˨˩ maːj˧˧]


ốc vú nàng

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ vu˧˦ naːŋ˨˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ vʊw˨˩˦ naːŋ˦˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ vʊw˦˥ naːŋ˨˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ jʊw˦˥ naːŋ˨˩]

ốc + vú + nàng, literally “her breast snail”, so called because of the shape of its shell.

com

certain limpets of the genus Cellana or Tectus


sò tai tượng

[sɔ˨˩ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɔ˦˩ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[sɔ˦˩ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɔ˨˩ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

[sɔ˨˩ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

sò + tai + tượng, literally “elephant's ear clam”.

Tridacna gigas
Tridacna gigas#Translingual


vên vên

[vəːn˧˧ vəːn˧˧]

[jəːn˧˧ jəːn˧˧]


bàm bàm

[ʔɓaːm˨˩ ʔɓaːm˨˩]

[ʔɓaːm˦˩ ʔɓaːm˦˩]

[ʔɓaːm˨˩ ʔɓaːm˨˩]


rù rì

[ʐʊw˦˩ ʐɪj˦˩]

[ɹʊw˨˩ ɹɪj˨˩]


mực ống

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ ʔəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ ʔəwŋ͡m˦˥]

pencil squid (a squid belonging to the Loliginidae family)


mực lá

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ laː˧˦]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ laː˨˩˦]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ laː˦˥]

Sepioteuthis lessoniana
Sepioteuthis lessoniana#Translingual

bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)


mực mai

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ maːj˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ maːj˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ maːj˧˧]

mực (“inkfish”) + mai (“shell”), second element referring to this cephalopod's internal shell, the cuttlebone.


mực tuộc

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ tuək̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ tuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ tuək̚˨˩˨]

mực (“inkfish”) + tuộc, second element being a clipping of bạch tuộc (“octopus”).

octopus (an eight-limbed cephalopod of the order Octopoda)


mực ma

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ maː˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ maː˧˧]

mực (“inkfish”) + ma, second element possibly meaning "ghost".

purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)


mực thẻ

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ tʰɛ˧˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛ˧˨]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ tʰɛ˨˩˦]

mực + thẻ, see each entry for definitions and etymologies.


mực xà

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ saː˨˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ saː˦˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ saː˨˩]

mực (“inkfish”) + xà, second element's meaning obscure.


mực kim

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ kim˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ kim˧˧]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ kim˧˧]

Heterololigo bleekeri
Wikispecies:Heterololigo bleekeri

Decapodiformes
cephalopod
mitre squid
pencil squid


mực quỷ

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ kwi˧˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ kwɪj˧˨]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ wɪj˨˩˦]

mực (“inkfish → squid”) + quỷ (“devil, demon, fiend”). Partial calque of English vampire squid, as vampire is also translated into Vietnamese as quỷ hút máu (lit. "blood-sucking fiend") besides ma cà rồng.
Despite the name, this cephalopod lacks an ink sac and cannot squirt ink.

Mực quỷ sống trong vùng biển tối tăm với độ sâu 600 - 900 m và gần như không thay đổi so với 300 triệu năm trước.

2020 June 11, Trương Công Hiếu, “Video: Tận mắt xem mực quỷ biến hình bằng cách lộn trái cơ thể [Video: Seeing with one's own eyes the shapeshifting vampire squid turning itself inside out]”, in Người đưa tin:

The vampire squid lives in the dark oceanic depths of 600 to 900 meters and is virtually unchanged compared to 300 million years ago.

Vampyroteuthis infernalis
Wikispecies:Vampyroteuthis infernalis

vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis)


đủ đủ

[ʔɗu˧˩ ʔɗu˧˩]

[ʔɗʊw˧˨ ʔɗʊw˧˨]

[ʔɗʊw˨˩˦ ʔɗʊw˨˩˦]

Attested in older dictionaries like Dictionarium latino-anamiticum (1838), Manuel de conversation Franco-Tonkinois (1889), Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895), and Vocabulaire français-annamite (1898). It was used alongside the extant form.


thù đủ

[tʰu˨˩ ʔɗu˧˩]

[tʰʊw˦˩ ʔɗʊw˧˨]

[tʰʊw˨˩ ʔɗʊw˨˩˦]

Phép nấu dầu Thù-đủ: dùng nhân (tức cái ruột ở trong cái hột) Thù-đủ 5 cân, dã nhỏ, đổ vào 1 đấu nước nấu có bọt nổi lên, vớt lấy bọt ấy, hết nổi bọt mới thôi.

1962, Nguyễn Văn Tạo, transl., Đại-Nam-nhất-thống-chí: Thừa-Thiên-phủ, Nha Văn-hóa Bộ Quốc-gia Giáo dục, page 49:

How to make papaya oil: procure 5 grams of papaya kernel (i.e. the innermost part of the seed), grind them to pieces, pour in 1 ladle of boiled water, scoop out bubbles floating at the top, finish only when bubbles stop rising.

Trái đu đủ thì ai cũng biết nhưng ít ai biết người Huế gọi trái đó là trái chi? Xin thưa: người Huế gọi nó là Thù đủ.

2004, Trần Hữu Lục, Chuyện Huế ít người biết [Lesser known stories about Huế], Ho Chi Minh City: Nhà xuất bản Trẻ, page 216:

We all know what a đu đủ is, but only a handful of people know that Huế-ians call it by another name: Thù đủ.

(Central Vietnam, especially Huế) papaya


thài lài

vi-noun

(classifier cây, bông, hoa) thài lài • (偨/柴/蒔 + ?)


bằng lăng

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ laŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˦˩ laŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓaŋ˨˩ laŋ˧˧]


mực dái

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˦]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ jaːj˨˩˦]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ jaːj˦˥]

mực (“inkfish”) + dái (“scrotum”), second element likely referring to the shape of this cephalopod's mantle.

"Ngoài mực dái, anh em còn bắt được thêm một ít cá, chuyến này được hơn 9 triệu", anh Thịnh cho biết.

2021 September 17, Việt Quốc, “Ngư dân Mũi Né trúng bạch tuộc [Fishers in Mũi Né harvest plenty of octopuses]”, in VnExpress:

"Besides octopuses, we also caught a few fish; this trip nets us more than 9 million", Thịnh lets [me] know.

"Con mực dái này câu gần bờ, còn tươi rói, ăn ngon hơn mực đánh lưới giã cào, nên được mua giá cao", ông Minh nói.

2022 May 15, Việt Quốc, “Phan Thiết vào mùa câu bạch tuộc [Octopus Fishing Season Phan Thiết]”, in VnExpress:

"These octopuses were caught near the shore, still very fresh, more delicious to eat than inkfish caught with nets or by bottom trawling; so [they] were bought at a high price."

Tay cầm bao bị, tay cầm vợt, đầu đội đén pin[;] thậm chí có người không cầm cái chi cũng lao nhao hò hét bắt mực dái.

2018 August 5, “Náo Nhiệt Mực Dái🐙🐙 [Commotion about Octopuses]”, in Lý Hòa - Hải Phú - Bố Trạch - Quảng Bình:

The bag held in one hand, the scoop net in another, flashlight worn on head[;] there are even people who hold nothing yet still loudly yell[, urging people to go] catch octopuses.

Khi ông mặt trời sập qua núi, màn đêm dần buông xuống, mọi người gọi nhau í ới đi bắt mực Dái^([sic]).

2019 August 25, “Trải nghiệm đi bắt mực Dái [Experiencing Catching Octopuses]”, in Lý Hòa - Hải Phú - Bố Trạch - Quảng Bình:

When the sun sets behind the mountains and the night slowly falls down, everyone loudly calls each other to go catch octopuses.

(colloquial) octopus (an eight-limbed cephalopod of the order Octopoda)