bướm

head

𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏

vi-noun

𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏

(classifier con) bướm • (𧊉, 𠰏, 𧒅, 蝶, 乏) (phonemic reduplicative bươm bướm)

con (classifier)
𧊉 (CJK)
𠰏 (CJK)
𧒅 (CJK)
蝶 (CJK)
乏 (CJK)
bươm bướm (reduplication)

From Proto-Vietic *paːmʔ. Cognates including Proto-Pong *paːm³, Thổ pəmpɨam³, Hoà Bình Muong pɨəm¹ pɨəm³, Sơn La Muong pɨəm³, Thanh Hoá Muong bɨəm³, Muong Bi pươm pưởm.
Compare also Khmu [Cuang] tlaːmpaːm.


mọt sách

[mɔt̚˧˨ʔ sajk̟̚˧˦]

[mɔk̚˨˩ʔ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

[mɔk̚˨˩ʔ sat̚˦˧˥]

[mɔk̚˨˩˨ ʂat̚˦˥]

[mɔk̚˨˩˨ sat̚˦˥]


tò vò

Tò vò mà nuôi con nhện
Đến khi nó lớn, nó quyện nhau đi
Tò vò ngồi khóc tỉ ti
Nhện ơi! Nhện hỡi! Mày đi đằng nào?
If a wasp were to raise a spider
When it be grown up, it would leave
The wasp would sit there weeping
O spider! My spider! Whither art thou gone?


bọ cạp

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ kaːp̚˨˩˨]

Unknown. Perhaps from bọ (“bug”) + cạp (“outer ring of a basket”).

af

a scorpion (any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones)


gà công nghiệp

[ɣaː˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣaː˦˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣaː˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

gà (“chicken”) + công nghiệp (“industry”).

com

(figurative) a child who lacks common sense due to parental protectiveness


hải sư

[haːj˧˩ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ sɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ ʂɨ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ sɨ˧˧]


Bạch Dương

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bạch Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白羊 (“white sheep”).


Sư Tử

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦]


Cự Giải

[kɨ˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩]

[kɨ˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨]

[kɨ˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Cự Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 巨蟹 (“giant crab”).


Bắc Giải

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːj˧˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːj˧˨]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːj˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bắc Giải.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北 (“north”) and 蟹 (“crab”). Compare Nam Dương (“Capricorn”, literally “southern goat”).

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Cự Giải (“Cancer”)


Kim Ngưu

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Kim Ngưu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金牛 (“golden bull”).


Bọ Cạp

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ kaːp̚˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bọ Cạp.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Thiên Yết (“Scorpio”)


Song Ngư

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sɔŋ˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɨ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Song Ngư.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 雙魚 (“two fish”).


Nam Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 羊 (“caprid”). Compare Bắc Giải (“Cancer”, literally “northern crab”).

[naːm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Dương.wav

(astronomy) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricornus”)


Ma Kết

[maː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ma Kết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 摩羯 (SV: Ma Yết, Ma Kiết)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Ma Yết, Ma Kiết</i>


vịt giời

[vit̚˧˨ʔ zəːj˨˩]

[vit̚˨˩ʔ jəːj˦˩]

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ jəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ jəːj˨˩]

vịt (“duck”) + giời (“sky; celestial; heavenly”).

compound

Nhà tôi có năm con vịt giời.

Oh boy, I've got five little princesses.

(Northern Vietnam, humorous or disapproving) a daughter, whom a family may be disappointed to have because of patriarchy (that favors boys to take care of their immediate families and extended families, and to maintain their family names), or who may possess disapproved stereotypically feminine qualities such as talkativeness, whining and nagging that's likened to a duck's or goose's quacking


ngan

head

岸, 狺, 鴳, 𪃛, 𪇩

vi-noun

岸, 狺, 鴳, 𪃛, 𪇩

con (classifier)
岸 (CJK)
狺 (CJK)
鴳 (CJK)
𪃛 (CJK)
𪇩 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雁 (“wild goose”, SV: nhạn). Doublet of nhạn.
Likely meant "wild goose" initially.
Sense "muscovy duck" (from the Americas) is attested in Phạm Đình Hổ's 1827 dictionary Nhật dụng thường đàm (日用常談 "Common Words Used Daily") , wherein ngan 鴳 was glossed as 赤靣鴨 (SV: xích diện áp) "red-faced duck" http://nomfoundation.org/common/show.php?detail=2269&uiLang=vn.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhạn</i>


vịt trời

[vit̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[vit̚˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vịt trời.wav

vịt (“duck”) + trời (“sky; wild of birds”), literally "wild duck". Compare Chinese 天 (tiān, “sky”) as in 天鵝／天鹅 (thiên nga, “swan”, literally “sky goose”).

compound

hai người đàn bà và một con vịt thành cái chợ

Nhà tôi có năm con vịt trời.

(humorous or disapproving) a daughter, with implied disappointment in the fact that she's a girl, or that she might have stereotypically disapproved feminine qualities such as nagging or loquacity


sơn dương

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山羊, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 羊 (“goat”).

vi-etym-sino

(by extension) some other goat-like ungulates that live in mountains, such as the chamois or the ibex


Sơn Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山羊, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 山羊 (shānyáng, “goat”), common reading of San Dương. Compare Miên Dương (“Aries”, literally “sheep”).

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sơn Dương.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricorn”)


Sơn Dương

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sơn Dương, the name of various places in Vietnam

Shanyang, the name of various places in China


đoá

Sino-Vietnamese word from 朵/朶 (“cluster of flower”)

Nếu là hoa, tôi sẽ là một đoá hướng dương.

If I were to be a flower, I wish I were a sunflower.


cá heo

[kaː˧˦ hɛw˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ hɛw˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ hɛw˧˧]

From cá (“fish”) + heo (“pig”). For the semantic relationship, compare Chinese 海豚 (hǎitún) and English mereswine.

a dolphin-like cetacean (such as the porpoise)


kì lân biển

[ki˨˩ lən˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[kɪj˦˩ ləŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[kɪj˨˩ ləŋ˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

kì lân (“qilin; unicorn”) + biển (“sea”)


khái

From Proto-Vietic *k-haːlʔ / *kʰaːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaʔ. Cognate with whence Khmer ខ្លា (khlaa), Bahnar kla, Khasi khla, Mon ကၠ. Doublet of hổ.
Compare also Khmer ខាល (khaal, “Year of the Tiger”), which was a Vietic loan.

Panthera tigris
Panthera tigris#Translingual

(North Central Vietnam) a tiger (The mammal Panthera tigris)


vẹt

con (classifier)
𩿠 (CJK)
𪀚 (CJK)
𪆧 (CJK)
𪇴 (CJK)

(chiefly Northern Vietnam, zoology) parrot


đom đóm

[ʔɗɔm˧˧ ʔɗɔm˧˦]

[ʔɗɔm˧˧ ʔɗɔm˦˧˥]

[ʔɗɔm˧˧ ʔɗɔm˦˥]

Reduplication of đóm. Compare bươm bướm (“butterfly”) < bướm, nhền nhện (“spider”) < nhện.
Unlike the mentioned cases, the root *đóm is not in use as a free morpheme.


vòi

cái (classifier)
𦞑 (CJK)
𦟷 (CJK)
𦠽 (CJK)

From Middle Vietnamese uòi (“trunk”), from Proto-Vietic *vɔːj. Related to voi (“elephant”).

vòi muỗi

(anatomy, by extension) any tube-like organ


đồi mồi

head

đồi mồi • (玳瑁)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 玳瑁 (SV: đại mội). Compare Mandarin 玳瑁 (dàimào, đại mạo / dàimèi, đại mội), Cantonese 玳瑁 (doi⁶ mui⁶, đại mội), Japanese 玳瑁 (taimai, đại mội), Korean 대모 (daemo, from Chinese 玳瑁 (đại mạo)). Compare also loài and loại, vì and vị, mùi and vị, từ and tự, ngoài and ngoại.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đại mội</i>

cog

from Chinese <i class="Hani mention" lang="zh">玳瑁</i> (đại mạo)

hawksbill sea turtle
hawksbill sea turtle#English


chiếp

[t͡ɕiəp̚˦˧˥]


ò ó o

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˧˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˦˩ ʔɔ˨˩˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˦˥ ʔɔ˧˧]


ủn ỉn

head

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

vi-int

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

[ʔun˧˩ ʔin˧˩]

[ʔun˧˨ ʔin˧˨]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɨn˨˩˦]


cà uồm

[kaː˨˩ ʔuəm˨˩]

[kaː˦˩ ʔuəm˦˩]

[kaː˨˩ ʔuəm˨˩]

(onomatopoeia, of a leopard) growl; roar


gâu

(onomatopoeia) bark; ruff; arf; woof; au au; bow-wow


cục ta cục tác

[kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]


cục tác

[kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]

From Proto-Vietic *k-taːk, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ktaat (“to cluck”), ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognates within Vietic include Muong [Hoà Bình] kuk⁸ taːk⁷, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kuk⁸ taːk⁷, Chut kutaːk⁷, and Arem kutæːk. Other cognates include Mon ကတတ် (“to cluck, cackle”), Nyah Kur [Northern] kǝták ("cackling (of a hen)"), Khmer ខ្តត (khtɑɑt, “to cluck, cackle”), Bahnar kơtak (“cluck, cackle”), Ngeq katoːc ("to crow; to cackle"), Semai kutok (“to cackle, cluck (of a hen)”), Cua takɔːt ("cackle of chicken").


méo

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɛːwʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓiəwʔ (“askew”); cognate with Muong bẻo, Pacoh tarbeau (“deformed, ill-shaped”). Possibly related to vẹo. Compare Zhuang mbeuj.


oẳng

Onomatopoeic. Compare Japanese ワン (wan).

(onomatopoeia) The cry of dog when it's scared


cúi

From Proto-Vietic *guːrʔ ~ *kuːrʔ; cognates with Muong củi, Chut cûl, Chut [Maleng] kuːl⁴ and Tho [Pong] kuːl⁴. Also compare Angkorian Old Khmer កុរ៑ (kur), a loan from an unidentified Vietic source, whence Khmer កុរ (kol, “Year of the Pig”) and Thai กุน (gun, “Year of the Pig”). (Ferlus, 2013) Additionally, 亥 (OC *[ɡ]ˤəʔ) (B-S) (SV: hợi) is a possible cognate, see there for more.


tam giác long

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[taːm˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ lɔŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tam giác long.wav


sóc chuột

[sawk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʂawk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[sawk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʂawk͡p̚˦˥ cuək̚˨˩˨]


dế nhũi

[ze˧˦ ɲuj˦ˀ˥]


chuột chũi

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕuj˦ˀ˥]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕuj˧˨]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ cuj˨˩˦]


dế trũi

[ze˧˦ t͡ɕuj˦ˀ˥]


chuột chù

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕu˨˩]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕʊw˦˩]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ cʊw˨˩]


bọ xít

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ sit̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ sit̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ sɨt̚˦˥]


bọ hung

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ hʊwŋ͡m˧˧]


bạc má

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ maː˧˦]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ maː˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ maː˦˥]


bồng chanh

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˦˩ t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˨˩ can˧˧]


bìm bịp

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓip̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓim˦˩ ʔɓip̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓip̚˨˩˨]

Reduplicated form of the earlier *bịp, probably of imitative origin. Compare bịp bịp.


bói cá

[ʔɓɔj˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[ʔɓɔj˨˩˦ kaː˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔj˦˥ kaː˦˥]

From bói (“to divine, to fortune-telling”) + cá (“fish”), literally "fish fortune teller".


cá bơn

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓəːn˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓəːŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓəːŋ˧˧]


cá chép

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕɛp̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕɛp̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ cɛp̚˦˥]


cá chuồn

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕuən˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕuəŋ˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ cuəŋ˨˩]


bào ngư

[ʔɓaːw˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˦˩ ŋɨ˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩ ŋɨ˧˧]


bọ rùa

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ zuə˨˩]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ ʐuə˦˩]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ ɹuə˨˩]


cà cuống

[kaː˨˩ kuəŋ˧˦]

[kaː˦˩ kuəŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˨˩ kuəŋ˦˥]


cái ghẻ

[kaːj˧˦ ɣɛ˧˩]

[kaːj˨˩˦ ɣɛ˧˨]

[kaːj˦˥ ɣɛ˨˩˦]


cá quả

head

cá quả • (𩵜𩸄)

[kaː˨˩˦ kwaː˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ waː˨˩˦]


cá phổi

cá (“fish”) + phổi (“lung”), calque of English lungfish.


cá đuối

cá đuối • (𩵜𩼷)

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗuj˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗuj˦˥]

a ray; batoid (fish of the superorder Batoidea)


cá hồi

From cá (“fish”) + hồi, the latter is Sino-Vietnamese word from 回 (“to return”), so called for the way they "return" upstream to spawn.


cá nhà táng

[kaː˧˦ ɲaː˨˩ taːŋ˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ɲaː˦˩ taːŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ɲaː˨˩ taːŋ˦˥]

Probably from cá (“fish”) + nhà táng (“a kind of structure, placed above a coffin”).


chào mào

[t͡ɕaːw˨˩ maːw˨˩]

[t͡ɕaːw˦˩ maːw˦˩]

The second element is mào (“crest”), while the first element is fairly obscure.


bồ nông

[ʔɓo˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓow˦˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓow˨˩ nəwŋ͡m˧˧]

From nông (“pelican (obsolete)”) and prefix bồ found in several birds' names like bồ cốc (“cormorant”), bồ các (“Eurasian magpie”), bồ chao (“white-crested laughingthrush”), bồ cắt (“falcon”), bồ câu (“dove, pigeon”)


chích bông

[t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨt̚˦˧˥ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[cɨt̚˦˥ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧]


cá mè

head

cá mè • (个/𩵜 + 䱊/𩹪)

[kaː˧˦ mɛ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ mɛ˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ mɛ˨˩]


bách thanh

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ tʰajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ tʰɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ tʰan˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百 (“hundred”) and 聲 (“sound, voice”).
Semantically, compare Japanese 百舌 (mozu, “shrike”), where both the actual etymology and the consequent spelling contain an element meaning "hundred". Compare also Chinese 伯勞／伯劳 (bóláo, “shrike”), where the first element can be read in Sino-Vietnamese as bách (aside from the more common bá).


cheo cheo

[t͡ɕɛw˧˧ t͡ɕɛw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɛw˧˧ t͡ɕɛw˧˧]

[cɛw˧˧ cɛw˧˧]

chevrotain; mouse deer (of the family Tragulidae)


cầu gai

[kəw˨˩ ɣaːj˧˧]

[kəw˦˩ ɣaːj˧˧]

[kəw˨˩ ɣaːj˧˧]


cá bống

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˦˥]

里巷歌謠 Lý hạng ca dao (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), folio 16b
些𧗱些攕𥬊鈎
鈎𥙩𩵜𩸮𤍇蒌集翔
Ta về ta sắm cần câu.
Câu lấy cá bống, nấu rau tập tàng.
I'll return and buy a fishing rod;
To fish for gobies to cook alongsides mixed greens.


chim di

[t͡ɕim˧˧ jɪj˧˧]


cá ngựa

[kaː˧˦ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ŋɨə˨˩˨]


cá trắm cỏ

head

个/𩵜 + 簪/𩻛/𩻕 + 苦/𦹯/𦹵

vi-noun

个/𩵜 + 簪/𩻛/𩻕 + 苦/𦹯/𦹵

(classifier con) cá trắm cỏ • (个/𩵜 + 簪/𩻛/𩻕 + 苦/𦹯/𦹵)

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕam˧˦ kɔ˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈam˦˧˥ kɔ˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ ʈam˦˥ kɔ˨˩˦]


chèo bẻo

[t͡ɕɛw˨˩ ʔɓɛw˧˩]

[t͡ɕɛw˦˩ ʔɓɛw˧˨]

[cɛw˨˩ ʔɓɛw˨˩˦]


ác là

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ laː˨˩]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ laː˦˩]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ laː˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ác là.wav

ác is derived from Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”); cognate with Semai eu'ak, Bahnar ak, Khmer ក្អែក (kʼaek). Compare also bồ các.


bồ các

[ʔɓo˨˩ kaːk̚˧˦]

[ʔɓow˦˩ kaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓow˨˩ kaːk̚˦˥]

Element các is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kʔaak ~ *kʔaik (“crow; to caw”), wherefrom also Proto-Vietic *ʔaːk (“crow”) > ác (“crow”).
Element bồ is found in several birds' names like bồ cốc (“cormorant”), bồ nông (“pelican”), bồ chao (“white-crested laughingthrush”), bồ cắt (“falcon”), bồ câu (“dove, pigeon”).


chim sâu

[t͡ɕim˧˧ səw˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ʂəw˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ səw˧˧]

[cim˧˧ ʂəw˧˧]


cá vàng

[kaː˧˦ vaːŋ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ vaːŋ˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ vaːŋ˨˩]

[kaː˦˥ jaːŋ˨˩]

1984, Hà Hải, "Cá Vàng Bơi (The Swimming Goldfish)"; performances by Đặng Nhật Anh and Lan Hương
Hai vây xinh xinh, cá vàng bơi trong bể nước; ngoi lên, lặn xuống, cá vàng múa tung tăng

Its two fins so pretty, the goldfish swims in the tank; rising up, diving down, the goldfish dances around joyfully.


chim cánh cụt

[t͡ɕim˧˧ kajŋ̟˧˦ kut̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ kɛɲ˦˧˥ kʊk̚˨˩ʔ]

chim (“bird”) + cánh (“wing”) + cụt (“shortened, cut off”).


bọ ngựa

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

bọ (“bug”) + ngựa (“horse”).
Compounds for "mantis" that contain "horse" seem to be rather common all over Asia. Compare the synonym ngựa trời (literally “sky/heavenly horse”), Khmer កណ្ដូបសេះ (kɑɑkɑndoup seh, literally “horse grasshopper”), Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ, literally “sky/heavenly horse”), Taiwanese Hakka 草馬仔／草马仔 (literally “grass horse”), Zhuang daekmax (literally “horse grasshopper”), Awaji Japanese ホトケウマ (hotokeuma, literally “the dead's horse”), Turkmen hudaýaty (literally “God's horse”), Crimean Tatar şeytan atı (literally “Satan's/devil's horse”).


chuột lang

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ laːŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ laːŋ˧˧]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ laːŋ˧˧]


cá thu

[kaː˧˦ tʰu˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰʊw˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ tʰʊw˧˧]

The second element is from a Tai language. Compare Thai ทู (tuu).
Curiously, the Pacific saury, also known as the mackerel pike, is called cá thu đao in Vietnamese, corresponding to 秋刀魚／秋刀鱼 (qiūdāoyú) (SV: thu đao ngư) in Chinese.
The thu elements in cá thu ("mackerel") and cá thu đao ("mackerel pike") are therefore seemingly unrelated, with the former being a Tai loan, while the latter is the Sino-Vietnamese reading of 秋 (qiū).


chuồn chuồn kim

[t͡ɕuən˨˩ t͡ɕuən˨˩ kim˧˧]

[t͡ɕuəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˦˩ kim˧˧]

[cuəŋ˨˩ cuəŋ˨˩ kim˧˧]

chuồn chuồn (“dragonfly”) + kim (“needle”).


cá trê

head

个/𩵜 + 徹/鯔/𩵾/𩸴

vi-noun

个/𩵜 + 徹/鯔/𩵾/𩸴

(classifier con) cá trê • (个/𩵜 + 徹/鯔/𩵾/𩸴)

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕe˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈej˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʈej˧˧]

From cá (“fish”) + trê, the latter from Proto-Vietic *c-lɛːl; cognate with Muong tliêl and Chut [Rục] calèɛl².

airbreathing catfish
airbreathing catfish


chích choè

[t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦ t͡ɕwɛ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨt̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕwɛ˦˩]

[cɨt̚˦˥ c⁽ʷ⁾ɛ˨˩]

Old World flycatcher
Old World flycatcher

(zoology, by extension) any Old World flycatcher (Muscicapidae spp.)


cun cút

[kun˧˧ kʊk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwŋ͡m˧˧ kʊk͡p̚˦˥]


bắt cô trói cột

[ʔɓat̚˧˦ ko˧˧ t͡ɕɔj˧˦ kot̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kow˧˧ ʈɔj˨˩˦ kok̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kow˧˧ ʈɔj˦˥ kok̚˨˩˨]

Onomatopoeic; literally "catch the lady/aunt and tie her to the pillar/column"

(onomatopoeia) The cry of an Indian cuckoo


chuồn chuồn

[t͡ɕuən˨˩ t͡ɕuən˨˩]

[t͡ɕuəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕuəŋ˦˩]

[cuəŋ˨˩ cuəŋ˨˩]

Chuồn chuồn bay thấp thì mưa, bay cao thì nắng, bay vừa thì râm.

It will be sunny if dragonflies fly high, rainy if low, cloudy if just not too high or too low.


đầu rìu

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ziw˨˩]

[ʔɗəw˦˩ ʐiw˦˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ ɹiw˨˩]


đại bàng

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 大鵬 (SV: đại bằng).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đại bằng</i>


cào cào

(taxonomy) a locust (a grasshopper of the family Acrididae)


chuột bạch

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ ʔɓat̚˨˩˨]

chuột (“mouse, rat”) + bạch (“white”), calque of Chinese 白鼠 (bạch thử). Chinese 白 (“white”) was likely not translated to trắng in order to indicate that the compound refers specifically white laboratory mouse and not just any white mouse or rat.

a white mouse, especially a white laboratory mouse


ễnh ương

[ʔəjŋ̟˦ˀ˥ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔen˧˨ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəːn˨˩˦ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Probably onomatopoeic. Compare Thai อึ่งอ่าง (ʉ̀ng-àang).


mai hoa

red avadavat; red munia; strawberry finch


châu chấu

head

蛛 + 䖡/蛀/蛁/𧋀/𧍌/𧎝

vi-noun

蛛 + 䖡/蛀/蛁/𧋀/𧍌/𧎝

(classifier con) châu chấu • (蛛 + 䖡/蛀/蛁/𧋀/𧍌/𧎝)

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˦]

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ t͡ɕəw˨˩˦]

[cəw˧˧ cəw˦˥]

Reduplicated from earlier *chấu, from Proto-Vietic *coːʔ; cognates including Chứt cucùː⁴, Thổ cow¹ cow³, Hoà Bình Muong coː¹ coː³, Sơn La Muong kɔːn¹ coː³, Thanh Hoá Muong coː¹ coː³, Muong Bi chồ chồ coː³ coː³.

Nực cười châu chấu đá xe;
Tưởng rằng chấu ngã, ai dè xe nghiêng
How ludicrous it is: the grasshopper kicking the cart;
'Twas thought the grasshopper would fall, who foresaw the cart rolling over instead?

Exodus 10:4; 2011 Vietnamese translation; English translation from the New Revised Standard Version
For if you refuse to let my people go, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your country.
Vì nếu ngươi từ chối không cho dân Ta đi, ngày mai Ta sẽ đem châu chấu vào trong đất nước ngươi.

(taxonomy) a grasshopper (an insect of the suborder Caelifera)


dúi

Y vừa nói vừa bước tới bước lui, chợt sơ ý đạp lên vũng rượu cạnh Khưu Xử Cơ, huỵch một tiếng, ngã dúi vào người Khưu Xử Cơ.

2005, chapter 2, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

Speaking and going to and fro at the same time, suddenly he inadvertently stepped in the puddle of rice wine besides Qiū Chǔjī and with a thwack he fell head first into Qiū Chǔjī.


dế chũi

[ze˧˦ t͡ɕuj˦ˀ˥]


cú lợn

[ku˧˦ ləːn˧˨ʔ]

[kʊw˨˩˦ ləːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kʊw˦˥ ləːŋ˨˩˨]


chìa vôi

[t͡ɕiə˨˩ voj˧˧]

[t͡ɕiə˦˩ voj˧˧]

a tool for spreading lime (on a betel leaf)


chìa vôi

[t͡ɕiə˨˩ voj˧˧]

[t͡ɕiə˦˩ voj˧˧]

(by extension) any birds of the family Motacillidae


mã lực

[maː˦ˀ˥ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[maː˧˨ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[maː˨˩˦ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 馬力, composed of 馬 (“horse”) and 力 (“power”).


voi ma-mút

[vɔj˧˧ maː˧˧ mut̚˧˦]

[vɔj˧˧ maː˧˧ mʊk̚˦˧˥]

[vɔj˧˧ maː˧˧ mʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɔj˧˧ maː˧˧ mʊk͡p̚˦˥]


Chim

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chim.wav


Sâu bọ

[səw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ]

[səw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩˨]

[səw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩˨]


Cá xương

[kaː˧˦ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ sɨəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ sɨəŋ˧˧]


Bò sát

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ saːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ ʂaːk̚˦˥]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ saːk̚˦˥]

bò + sát, referring to the fact that most extant reptiles crawl (bò) with their belly near (sát) the ground.


Thú

lớp Thú/Có vú


Ruột khoang

[zuət̚˧˨ʔ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[ʐuək̚˨˩ʔ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[ɹuək̚˨˩˨ xwaːŋ˧˧]


Động vật nguyên sinh

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ ŋwiən˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

Calque of Chinese 原生動物／原生动物 (nguyên sinh động vật)


Cá sụn

[kaː˨˩˦ ʂun˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ sun˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʂʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]

[kaː˦˥ sʊwŋ͡m˨˩˨]


Hình nhện

[hïŋ˨˩ ɲen˧˨ʔ]

[hɨn˦˩ ɲen˨˩ʔ]

[hɨn˨˩ ɲəːn˨˩˨]


dây sống

[zəj˧˧ səwŋ͡m˧˦]

[jəj˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[jəj˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[jəj˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[jəj˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˥]


Giáp xác

[zaːp̚˧˦ saːk̚˧˦]

[jaːp̚˦˧˥ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[jaːp̚˦˥ saːk̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 甲殼, composed of 甲 (“armor”) and 殼 (“shell”).


Thân mềm

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mem˦˩]

[tʰəŋ˧˧ mem˨˩]

thân (“body”) + mềm (“soft”), calque of Chinese 軟體／软体 (Nhuyễn thể)


động vật có xương sống

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ kɔ˧˦ sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ kɔ˨˩˦ sɨəŋ˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ kɔ˨˩˦ sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨ kɔ˦˥ sɨəŋ˧˧ ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨ kɔ˦˥ sɨəŋ˧˧ səwŋ͡m˦˥]

động vật (“animal”) + có (“to have”) + xương sống (“vertebra”)


giun đốt

[zun˧˧ ʔɗot̚˧˦]

[jun˧˧ ʔɗok̚˦˧˥]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗok̚˦˥]

a ringed worm; a segmented worm; an annelid


Chân khớp

[t͡ɕən˧˧ xəːp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˧˥]

[t͡ɕəŋ˧˧ xəːp̚˦˧˥]

[cəŋ˧˧ kʰəːp̚˦˥]

[cəŋ˧˧ xəːp̚˦˥]

chân (“leg”) + khớp (“joint”), calque of Chinese 節肢／节肢 (tiết chi)

ngành Chân khớp


giun tròn

[zun˧˧ t͡ɕɔn˨˩]

[jun˧˧ ʈɔŋ˦˩]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʈɔŋ˨˩]


giun dẹp

[zun˧˧ zɛp̚˧˨ʔ]

[jun˧˧ jɛp̚˨˩ʔ]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ jɛp̚˨˩˨]


thuỷ tức

[tʰwi˧˩ tɨk̚˧˦]

[tʰwɪj˧˨ tɨk̚˦˧˥]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ tɨk̚˦˥]

a hydra (any of several small freshwater polyps of the genus Hydra and related genera)


hải quỳ

[haːj˨˩˦ wɪj˨˩]


Lưỡng cư

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ kɨ˧˧]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ kɨ˧˧]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ kɨ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩 (“double”) and 居 (“to dwell”). Compare Chinese 兩棲／两栖 (lưỡng tê).


báo bờm

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ ʔɓəːm˨˩]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ʔɓəːm˦˩]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ ʔɓəːm˨˩]


Người

Proto-Vietic *ŋaaj, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(m-)ŋaaj (“human being; person”)


Người

Miền Nam nhớ mãi ơn Người

Người đã đến với Chủ nghĩa Mác-Lênin, tiếp thu thế giới quan, phương pháp luận cách mạng khoa học của chủ nghĩa Mác-Lênin; bằng thiên tài trí tuệ, nhận thức đúng xu thế phát triển tất yếu của loài người và tính chất mới của thời đại mở ra từ Cách mạng tháng Mười Nga, Người đã tìm thấy ở đó những vấn đề cơ bản của đường lối giải phóng dân tộc gắn liền với giải phóng giai cấp, giải phóng con người; độc lập dân tộc gắn liền với chủ nghĩa xã hội.

2023 May 28, “Hồ Chí Minh người anh hùng giải phóng dân tộc, nhà văn hóa kiệt xuất của Việt Nam [Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam's National-liberating and Cultural Hero]”, in Tổng cục Thống kê [The General Statistics Office]:

He came to Marxism-Leninism, absorbed the worldview and methodology of the Marxist-Leninist scientific revolution; with His intellect, realizing the inevitable trajectory of humanity and the new nature of the era started by Russia's October Revolution, He found there the fundamental problems of national liberation alongside class and human liberation; national independence alongside socialism.

Sau đây là gốc tích Đức Giê-su Ki-tô: bà Ma-ri-a, mẹ Người, đã thành hôn với ông Giu-se.

Here is the descent of the Jesus Christ: lady Mary, His mother, was married to master Joseph.


Mèo

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mèo.wav

(now dated, can be derogatory) the Hmong people


muông

From Proto-Vietic *t-mɔːŋ (“civet”). Compare Mang muaŋ⁶ ("civet").
Aside from a few compounds, the word is no longer used in Vietnamese. It also seems to once function as a classifier for a few animals, as attested in muông ſư tử (“a lion”) (in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum) and 獴麟 (muông lân, “a female of the qilin”) (in the Thi kinh giải âm, 詩經解音, a giải âm quasi-translation of the Shijing).
The undiphthongized form of this word might be preserved in the name of Con Moong cave, located in northern Thanh Hoá.

(obsolete) Indicates wild and/or big animals.


xà lách

[saː˦˩ lat̚˦˧˥]


hà mã

[haː˨˩ maː˦ˀ˥]

[haː˦˩ maː˧˨]

[haː˨˩ maː˨˩˦]


chuột túi

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ tuj˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ tuj˨˩˦]

chuột (“rat; mouse”) + túi (“pouch”), calque of Chinese 袋鼠 (đại thử, literally “pouched rat”).


sư tử Hà Đông

head

sư tử Hà Đông

sư tử Hà Đông

vi-noun

sư tử Hà Đông

sư tử Hà Đông

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˩ haː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˨ haː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˧˨ haː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦ haː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[sɨ˧˧ tɨ˨˩˦ haː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

Calque of Chinese 河東獅子／河东狮子 (Hà Đông sư tử, literally “Hedong's lioness”), equivalent to sư tử + Hà Đông. See also Chinese 河東獅吼／河东狮吼 (Hà Đông sư hống, literally “Hedong's lioness's roar”).

cal

Hà Đông sư tử

cog

Hàng tháng tôi phải nộp lương cho vợ, không thì con sư tử Hà Đông đó giết tôi mất!

I have to submit my salary to my wife every month, or else that Hedong lioness will kill me!

(figurative) an aggressive woman who's intimidating to her own husband or lover


bờm

Perhaps from a folktale of a silly, clumsy boy named "Bờm", who was offered many valuable things in exchange for his fan, but refused them all and only accepted a handful of sticky rice. This tale is usually expressed in poetic form.
Thằng Bờm có cái quạt mo
Phú ông xin đổi ba bò chín trâu
Bờm rằng Bờm chẳng lấy trâu
Phú ông xin đổi một xâu cá mè
Bờm rằng Bờm chẳng lấy mè
Phú ông xin đổi một bè gỗ lim
Bờm rằng Bờm chẳng lấy lim
Phú ông xin đổi con chim đồi mồi
Bờm rằng Bờm chẳng lấy mồi
Phú ông xin đổi nắm xôi, Bờm cười.
: Bờm-boy'd got a spathe fan
: Rich man asked for it for three zebus and nine buffaloes
: Bờm said Bờm wanted no buffaloes
: Rich man asked for it for a string of barbs
: Bờm said Bờm wanted no barbs
: Rich man asked for it for a raft made of ge mu
: Bờm said Bờm wanted no ge mu
: Rich man asked for it for a bird statue made of the shell of a turtle
: Bờm said Bờm wanted no turtle
: Rich man asked for it for a handful of sticky rice, and Bờm smiled.

(colloquial, humorous) silly and lacking in common sense


sủa

From Proto-Vietic *k-rɔh (“to bark”). Compare Proto-Katuic *kroh (whence Pacoh crouh) and Proto-Palaungic *-rɔːh.
The word might be originally onomatopoeic, although it is no longer so in its modern form.
The similar-looking Mandarin 說／说 (shuō), which means "to speak", is a false cognate.


ác-ti-sô

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ti˧˧ so˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tɪj˧˧ ʂow˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ tɪj˧˧ sow˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tɪj˧˧ ʂow˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ tɪj˧˧ sow˧˧]


chó chê mèo lắm lông

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ t͡ɕe˧˧ mɛw˨˩ lam˧˦ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ t͡ɕej˧˧ mɛw˦˩ lam˦˧˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]

[cɔ˦˥ cej˧˧ mɛw˨˩ lam˦˥ ləwŋ͡m˧˧]


da gà

[zaː˧˧ ɣaː˨˩]

[jaː˧˧ ɣaː˦˩]

[jaː˧˧ ɣaː˨˩]

da (“skin”) + gà (“chicken”), so called due to the feather-free-chicken-skin-like appearance.

nổi da gà


thớt

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) thớt • (橽, 𣐆, 𣘄)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
橽 (CJK)
𣐆 (CJK)
𣘄 (CJK)


thớt

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 匹 (SV: thất).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">thất</i>

vi-etym-sino

Vua trên thớt ngựa chạy sang Bảo Lộc, [...]

1993 [c. 1810], Bùi Dương Lịch, translated by Nguyễn Thị Thảo, Nghệ An ký, Hanoi: NXB Khoa học xã hội, page 337:

The king on horse's [back] fled towards Bảo Lộc, …

[...] đem 3.000 binh đinh, 80 thớt voi chiến, theo đường miền trên vào Ai Lao, [...]

1993 [1889], Viện Sử học, transl., Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện, Hue: NXB Thuận Hóa, page 538:

… took 3,000 troops, 80 war elephants, to march along the upland into Laos …

(historical or archaic) Indicates certain animals, chiefly horses and elephants.


mẻ

chipped (having a chip or chips missing)


mẻ

mẻ bánh mì


mẻ

Panagrellus redivivus
Panagrellus redivivus

microworm (Panagrellus redivivus), used to make fermented rice


hồng hạc

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ haːk̚˨˩ʔ]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ haːk̚˨˩˨]


đeo

Bướm đeo dưới dạ cây bần.
Làm sao kết nghĩa châu trần với nhau


gia súc

[zaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[jaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家畜, composed of 家 (“home”) and 畜 (“livestock”).

gia súc gia cầm


gia cầm

[zaː˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jaː˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jaː˧˧ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家禽, composed of 家 (“home”) and 禽 (“bird”).


trứng cá

vi-noun

(classifier cây, trái, quả (“Muntingia calabura”)) trứng cá

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[ʈɨŋ˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

[ʈɨŋ˦˥ kaː˦˥]

trứng (“egg”) + cá (“fish”). Muntingia calabura is so called as the inside of the fruit resembles roe.


mối

From Proto-Vietic *k-moːlʔ ~ *k-muːrʔ ~ *k-moːrʔ. Cognate with Proto-Katuic *kmuar (whence Pacoh camoar (“termite”)), Semai kemur (“caterpillar, maggot”), Khmer ខ្មើរ (khmaə, “flying ant”), ខ្មុល (khmol, “mole cricket”).


mối

From Proto-Vietic *ɓoːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓulʔ ~ *ɓuəl(); cognate with Proto-Bahnaric *ɓuəl ~ *buəl and Mang ɓoːl⁴.

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual

(dialectal) common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)


dẻ

cây (classifier)
hạt (classifier)
quả (classifier)
圯 (CJK)
底 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-tɛh. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] tɛː⁵.
Although glossed as "chestnut" by Ferlus (2007), the term might originally have designated a similar tree.

Tuy nhiên, trồng dẻ ngoài chăm sóc đúng kỹ thuật thì còn phụ thuộc nhiều vào thời tiết nên sản lượng không ổn định từng năm.

2022, Công Hải, Toán Nguyễn, “Cây dẻ không... 'hạt dẻ'!”, in Nông nghiệp Việt Nam:

However, besides proper technical care, chestnut orcharding also depends heavily on the weather, which is why yield is highly variable over the years.


thuồng luồng

[tʰuəŋ˨˩ luəŋ˨˩]

[tʰuəŋ˦˩ luəŋ˦˩]

[tʰuəŋ˨˩ luəŋ˨˩]

Disyllabic non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 龍 (SV: long) (Maspero, 1912). Compare rồng.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">long</i>


táo tây

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, cây) táo tây • (棗西)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
棗西 (CJK)

[taːw˨˩˦ təj˧˧]

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

(botany) apple (of the species Malus domestica)


táo ta

(classifier quả, trái, cây) táo ta • (棗𢧲)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
棗𢧲 (CJK)

[taːw˨˩˦ taː˧˧]

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual

Indian jujube; Indian plum; Chinese apple; dunks (of the species Ziziphus mauritiana)

jharber (of the species Ziziphus nummularia)

a tree of the genus Ziziphus (generally)


bôm

trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
cây (classifier)

Borrowed from French pomme; the phoneme /p/ is changed into /ɓ/ as it is not a native onset consonant.


thạch lựu

[tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ liw˧˨ʔ]

[tʰat̚˨˩ʔ lɨw˨˩ʔ]

[tʰat̚˨˩˨ lɨw˨˩˨]

(literary, otherwise uncommon) pomegranate


phượng hoàng

[fɨəŋ˧˨ʔ hwaːŋ˨˩]

[fɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hwaːŋ˦˩]

[fɨəŋ˨˩˨ waːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鳳凰 (“fenghuang”). Compare phụng hoàng.


bạc hà

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ haː˨˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ haː˦˩]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ haː˨˩]


sao la

English: saola

Japanese: サオラ (saora)

[ʂaːw˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂaːw˧˧ laː˧˧]

Probably from Lao ເສົາຫລາ (sao lā) ("spindle[-horned]"), or from some other Tai-Kadai language.


lúa mì

[luə˨˩˦ mɪj˦˩]

[luə˦˥ mɪj˨˩]


cá voi sát thủ

[kaː˧˦ vɔj˧˧ saːt̚˧˦ tʰu˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ vɔj˧˧ ʂaːk̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kaː˨˩˦ vɔj˧˧ saːk̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ vɔj˧˧ ʂaːk̚˦˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˥ jɔj˧˧ saːk̚˦˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

From cá voi (“whale”) + sát thủ (“assassin”), calque of English killer whale.


mõm

(of a non-human mammal) a snout or a muzzle


cam thảo

[kaːm˧˧ tʰaːw˨˩˦]


kiến lửa

[kiən˧˦ lɨə˧˩]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ lɨə˧˨]

[kiəŋ˦˥ lɨə˨˩˦]


chuột nhắt

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ ɲat̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ɲak̚˦˧˥]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ ɲak̚˦˥]


tếch

Vì cơ thương cẩu, lang quân tếch ngàn


giun đũa

[zun˧˧ ʔɗuə˦ˀ˥]

[jun˧˧ ʔɗuə˧˨]

[jʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗuə˨˩˦]


ngũ cốc

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ kəwk͡p̚˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ kəwk͡p̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngũ cốc.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五穀, composed of 五 (“five”) and 穀 (“grain”).


thiêu thân

[tʰiəw˧˧ tʰən˧˧]

[tʰiw˧˧ tʰəŋ˧˧]

[tʰiw˧˧ tʰəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 焼身 (“self-immolation”), referring to the fact that many species of nocturnal insects are attracted to light sources, even lethal ones like fire.


phù du

[fʊw˦˩ jʊw˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩ jʊw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蜉蝣 (“mayfly”). Compare French éphémère (“ephemeral; mayfly”).


bèo

Norman & Mei (1976) proposes a native Austroasiatic origin and compares it to Mon ဗေဝ် (“to ride low in the water”) (< Proto-Mon-Khmer *ber (“to float”)); they also consider Chinese 薸 (OC *bew) to be a loanword from Austroasiatic.
However, Liu (1999) proposes a possible relation of 薸 (OC *bew) to 漂 (OC *pʰew, “to float; to drift”), and Sagart (2008) counts 薸 (OC *bew) among "either East Asian areal words if not Chinese words in disguise"; so the loan direction might have been in reverse, i.e. from Old Chinese.


rồng rồng

[zəwŋ͡m˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩ ʐəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩ ɹəwŋ͡m˨˩]


thủ

cơ thủ

kì thủ

game thủ


xuyên sơn

[swiəŋ˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[swiəŋ˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[s⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 穿山, composed of 穿 (“to pierce”) and 山 (“mountain”), from Chinese 穿山甲 (xuyên sơn giáp).


cá rô

[kaː˨˩˦ ʐow˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ɹow˧˧]


cá sặc

[kaː˧˦ sak̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʂak̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ sak̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʂak̚˨˩˨]

[kaː˦˥ sak̚˨˩˨]


mọt

From Proto-Vietic *k-mɔːc, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kmuət ~ *kmiət; cognate with Muong mọch and Khmer ខ្មូត (khmout).


rái cá

[ʐaːj˨˩˦ kaː˨˩˦]

[ɹaːj˦˥ kaː˦˥]


rái

From Proto-Vietic *p-seːʔ, from Proto-Austroasiatic *bɕeʔ. Cognate with Chut [Rục] pəseː³, Pacoh pixay, Bahnar phei, Khmer ភេ (phei), Mon ဖေံ (pʰeʔ).
Vietic and Katuic are probably conservative in their preservation of -s- - reflecting ancestral medial -ɕ-, which other branches debuccalized into -h-.


vắt

con (classifier)
𧉚 (CJK)
𧊎 (CJK)
𧊥 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vắt.wav


quýt

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 橘 (SV: quất).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">quất</i>


nha đam

[ɲaː˧˧ ʔɗaːm˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʔɗaːm˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʔɗaːm˧˧]


sống đời

[səwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗəːj˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗəːj˨˩]

sống (“to live; to be alive”) + đời (“generation”); so named because of the plant's remarkable ability for produce bulbils.


vạc

cái (classifier)
𪂱 (CJK)
𪅥 (CJK)
𪅫 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 鑊 (“cauldron”, SV: hoạch).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoạch</i>


vạc

con (classifier)
𪂱 (CJK)
𪅥 (CJK)
𪅫 (CJK)

Onomatopoeic.
Compare Khmer ខ្វែក (khvaek), Dutch kwak, Maltese kwakka.

black-crowned night heron
black-crowned night heron


thòi lòi

[tʰɔj˨˩ lɔj˨˩]

[tʰɔj˦˩ lɔj˦˩]

[tʰɔj˨˩ lɔj˨˩]


sên

con (classifier)
𧐖 (CJK)
𬟴 (CJK)
扦 (CJK)


dại

head

𤵺, 𠻇, 𥹞, 𢚵, 㹭

vi-adj

𤵺, 𠻇, 𥹞, 𢚵, 㹭

Mày lớn/to đầu mà dại lắm con ạ!

(of a person) naive and lacking in common sense


vả

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
𣛢 (CJK)


rau má

[ʐaw˧˧ maː˨˩˦]

Compare Muong Bi bả (as in tắc bả (“pennywort”)).

rau má đậu xanh

Asiatic pennywort juice with mung bean paste

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual


thanh yên

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ ʔiən˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰan˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

Citrus hystrix
Citrus hystrix#Translingual


ong bầu

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔɔŋ˧˧ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˨˩]

From ong (“bee”) + bầu, from Proto-Vietic *buː (cf. Old Chinese 蜉 (OC *[b](r)u) (B-S)).


rươi

Compare Phong-Kniang raːj ("muck worm"), Khmu [Cuang] hmbraːj ("worm"), Bahnar hrai (“maggot”), Sedang hrế (“maggot”).


bông cải xanh

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˨ sɛɲ˧˧]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦ san˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bông cải xanh.wav

bông (“classifier for flowers”) + cải (“cruciferous vegetable”) + xanh (“grue”).


chọi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chọi.wav

gà chọi

chọi gà

chọi dế

chọi cá

chọi trâu


cậy

Diospyros lotus
Diospyros lotus#Translingual


mốc

[məwk͡p̚˦˧˥]


kí sinh trùng

[ki˧˦ sïŋ˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ ʂɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩˦ sɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kɪj˦˥ ʂɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kɪj˦˥ sɨn˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 寄生蟲, composed of 寄生 (“to leech”) and 蟲 (“animal”).


bóng nước

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˧˥ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


cọ

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-cọ.wav

1970, Hoàng Minh Chính (lyrics) & Bùi Đình Thảo (music), Đi Học (Going to School); 1971 performance by Minh Hà
Hương rừng thơm đồi vắng,
Nước suối trong thầm thì,
Cọ xoè ô che nắng,
Râm mát đường em đi.
The forest's fragrance scents the empty hills,
The brooks' clear waters murmur;
The palms’ fronds block sunlight,


bòn bon

[ʔɓɔn˨˩ ʔɓɔn˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˨˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

(Southern Vietnam) langsat (Lansium domesticum)


báng

Arenga pinnata
Arenga pinnata#Translingual


trùng

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蟲 (“animal”), from Literary Chinese 蟲 (drjuwng). In early Chinese, applied to all animals (see 五蟲／五虫 (“five animal groups”), namely 裸蟲／裸虫 (luǒchóng, “humans, amphibians and worms”, literally “bare animals”), 毛蟲／毛虫 (máochóng, “mammals”, literally “furry animals”), 羽蟲／羽虫 (“birds”, literally “feathered animals”), 鱗蟲／鳞虫 (“fish and reptiles”, literally “scaly animals”) and 甲蟲／甲虫 (jiǎchóng, “insects”, literally “armored animals”)), but later confined to very small ones, particularly worms, insects and microorganisms (such as the modern meaning of 毛蟲／毛虫 (máochóng, “caterpillar”, literally “furry bug”) and 甲蟲／甲虫 (jiǎchóng, “beetle”, literally “armored bug”)).

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩]


thầu dầu

[tʰəw˨˩ zəw˨˩]

[tʰəw˦˩ jəw˦˩]

[tʰəw˨˩ jəw˨˩]

Compare Tho [Cuối Chăm] tʌw² tʌw².
The second syllable is likely the same as dầu (“oil, Dipterocarpus spp.”). The first syllable might be the aspirated variant of the same morpheme.

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual

castor oil plant; castor bean (Ricinus communis)


chưa biết mèo nào cắn mỉu nào

[t͡ɕɨə˧˧ ʔɓiət̚˧˦ mɛw˨˩ naːw˨˩ kan˧˦ miw˧˩ naːw˨˩]

[t͡ɕɨə˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˧˥ mɛw˦˩ naːw˦˩ kaŋ˦˧˥ miw˧˨ naːw˦˩]

[cɨə˧˧ ʔɓiək̚˦˥ mɛw˨˩ naːw˨˩ kaŋ˦˥ miw˨˩˦ naːw˨˩]

(figurative) we'll see about that; just you wait


lệch

nhệch

nasalization of the lateral, no vowel raising


vờ

Xác như vờ, xơ như nhộng


le le

Reduplication of le. Compare chuồn chuồn, châu chấu, etc.

Ở Cà Mau, An Giang và một số tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ, nhiều người dân nuôi chim le le thu lợi nhuận khá cao. Le le vốn là giống chim trời hoang dã, sống trong môi trường tự nhiên, nhưng kể từ khi được con người chăn nuôi thì số lượng của chúng phát triển vượt bậc.

2019, “Nuôi chim le le (Raising Lesser Whistling Ducks)”, Đại Đoàn Kết (Great Unity)

In Cà Mau, An Giang, and a few South-western provinces, many people profit rather handsomely from raising lesser whistling ducks. The lesser whistling ducks are wild birds living in the natural environment; yet ever since being raised and bred by humans, their number increases significantly.

lesser whistling duck
lesser whistling duck

Dendrocygna javanica
Dendrocygna javanica#Translingual

lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica)


nêu

Likely from an infixed form of a root that also gave rise to modern bêu (“to raise, to expose”).

a long bamboo pole traditionally erected during the Vietnamese lunar new year (Tết), adorned with cloth and other decorations to ward off evil spirits


ruốc

vi-noun

(classifier con (“the shrimps”)) ruốc • (𩽖)

Perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *prhuək, derived from *phɔɔk ~ *pʔɔɔk (“fish-paste”); compare Khmer ប្រហុក (prɑɑhok, “fish-paste”), ផ្អក (phʼɑɑk, “fish-paste”), Mon ဖြံက် (hərɔk, “fish-paste”).


hến

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蜆 (“Corbiculidae”, SV: hiện).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hiện</i>

vi-etym-sino

hến xào


vi-rút

[vi˧˧ ɹut̚˧˦]

[vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk̚˦˧˥]

[vɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɪj˧˧ ɹʊk͡p̚˦˥]


niễng

Manchurian wild rice
Manchurian wild rice

Zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia#Translingual

Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)


cầm thú

[kəm˨˩ tʰu˧˦]

[kəm˦˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[kəm˨˩ tʰʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 禽獸, composed of 禽 (“bird”) and 獸 (“beast”)


muông thú

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰu˧˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[muəŋ˧˧ tʰʊw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-muông thú.wav

From muông (“beast”, fossil word) + thú (“beast”). The use of synonymous elements conveys genericity or plurality. Compare xe cộ, rừng rú.


chim muông

[t͡ɕim˧˧ muəŋ˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ muəŋ˧˧]

From chim (“bird”) + muông (“quadruped”, fossil word).


phật thủ

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)

[fət̚˧˨ʔ tʰu˧˩]

[fək̚˨˩ʔ tʰʊw˧˨]

[fək̚˨˩˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 佛手, composed of 佛 (“Buddha”) and 手 (“hand”).


diếp cá

[ziəp̚˧˦ kaː˧˦]

[jiəp̚˦˧˥ kaː˨˩˦]

Houttuynia cordata
Houttuynia cordata#Translingual


luồng

vi xử lí có 8 nhân và 16 luồng, có thể ép xung

an overclockable CPU with 8 cores and 16 threads


ghẹ

swimming crab (of the family Portunidae)


hướng dương

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)

[hɨəŋ˧˦ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˦˧˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[hɨəŋ˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 向陽 (“to orient toward the sun”). Compare Chinese 向日葵 (hướng nhật quỳ, literally “sun-oriented flower”).


su hào

[ʂʊw˧˧ haːw˦˩]

[ʂʊw˧˧ haːw˨˩]


cá lóc

[kaː˨˩˦ lawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

cá lóc nướng trui


cá tràu

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕaw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈaw˦˩]


cá chuối

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕuəj˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕuj˨˩˦]

From cá (“fish”) + chuối (“banana”), literally “banana fish”, because of the shape.


lợn đất

[ləːn˧˨ʔ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗək̚˦˥]

lợn (“pig”) + đất (“earth”), also a calque of Afrikaans aardvark

(Northern Vietnam) a porcelain piggy bank


gấu ngựa

[ɣəw˧˦ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɣəw˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɣəw˦˥ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

Ursus thibetanus
Ursus thibetanus#Translingual


ốc sên

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ sen˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʂen˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ sen˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ ʂəːn˧˧]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ səːn˧˧]


sán

(zoology) a parasitic flatworm (of the phylum Platyhelminthes)


sán

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 趁 (“to accompany”, SV: sấn).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sấn</i>


chuột đồng

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

chuột (“rat; mouse”) + đồng (“field; paddy”).


tứ chi

[tɨ˧˦ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[tɨ˨˩˦ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[tɨ˦˥ cɪj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tứ chi.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 四肢, composed of 四 (“four”) and 肢 (“limb”)

vi-etym-sino

the four limbs, generally of non-fish and non-bird vertebrates


khủng long bạo chúa

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˩ lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˧˨ʔ t͡ɕuə˧˦]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˧˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[xʊwŋ͡m˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩ʔ t͡ɕuə˨˩˦]

[kʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˨ cuə˦˥]

[xʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓaːw˨˩˨ cuə˦˥]

khủng long (“dinosaur”) + bạo chúa (“tyrant”), calque of New Latin Tyrannosaurus or Tyrannosaurus rex.


xấu hổ

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual


hươu sao

[hɨəw˧˧ ʂaːw˧˧]

[hɨəw˧˧ saːw˧˧]

[hɨəw˧˧ ʂaːw˧˧]

[hɨəw˧˧ saːw˧˧]

hươu (“deer”) + sao (“star”), in reference to its spots.


lạt

sợi (classifier)
笿 (CJK)
𥶁 (CJK)
𬅀 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *laːc (“bamboo strips”).


lạt

Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of nhạt (“tasteless; bland”)


tráng miệng

[t͡ɕaːŋ˧˦ miəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˦˧˥ miəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʈaːŋ˦˥ miəŋ˨˩˨]

From tráng (“to rinse”) + miệng (“mouth”), in the sense of "cleansing your palate of savor with juicy fruit or sweet dessert".

ăn nho tráng miệng

món/đồ tráng miệng

fruit or dessert for after the main meal

Có gì tráng miệng không ?
Có chuối.
Got some after-meal food?
I got bananas.

Bạch đậu khấu thường được sử dụng làm nguyên liệu nấu ăn hoặc làm món tráng miệng nhờ hương vị tuyệt vời.

2018 January 17, “Trà bạch đậu khấu thơm ngon với những lợi ích 'vàng' cho sức khỏe”, in Tiền Phong Online:

Cardamom is often used as an ingredient in cooking (main meals) or desserts owing to its excellent flavour.

to have some fruit or dessert after the main meal


hoa quả

[waː˧˧ waː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 花果, composed of 花 (“flower”) and 果 (“fruit”).


lốt

bò nướng lá lốt

2013, Xuân Sơn, “Một số bài thuốc chữa bệnh bằng lá lốt (a few therapeutic formulas from piper lolot leaves)”, Đắk Lắk Newspaper
Theo các thầy thuốc, lá và thân cây lốt chứa các chất ancaloit, flavonoid và tinh dầu, với thành phần chủ yếu là beta-caryophylen; rễ cũng có chứa tinh dầu nhưng thành phần chính là benzylaxetat.
According to physicians, the piper lolot plant's leaves and stem contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and an essential oil whose main component is β-caryophyllene; its roots also contain an essential oil whose main component is benzyl acetate.

(rare) Piper sarmentosum (syn. Piper lolot)


cà pháo

[kaː˦˩ faːw˨˩˦]


bách thú

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˦ tʰu˧˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˧˥ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔɓat̚˦˥ tʰʊw˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-bách thú.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 百獸, composed of 百 (“hundred”) and 獸 (“beast”), from Chinese 百獸／百兽 (bǎishòu).

(rare, collective) Synonym of muông thú (“animals”)


bề bề

[ʔɓe˨˩ ʔɓe˨˩]

[ʔɓej˦˩ ʔɓej˦˩]

[ʔɓej˨˩ ʔɓej˨˩]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 皮皮 (SV: bì bì), as in 皮皮蝦 (bì bì hà, “mantis shrimp”).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bì bì</i>


tôm tít

From tôm (“shrimp, pawn”) + tít (“centipede”). Equivalent to tôm + rết in Northern Vietnam, and tôm + rít in Southern Vietnam.
As tít is a North Central form, the phrase "tôm tít" certainly originated from that region, then spread to other Central and Southern dialects.

com

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) mantis shrimp


đam

From Proto-Vietic *k-taːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”); cognate with Temiar gantam, Bahnar kơtam, Pacoh atam, Khasi tham, Khmer ក្ដាម (kdaam), Mon ဂတာံ (hətam) and Car Nicobarese ka-tām. Malay ketam is probably a Mon-Khmer loan.

(North Central Vietnam) field crab; freshwater crab


kì đà

[ki˨˩ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[kɪj˦˩ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[kɪj˨˩ ʔɗaː˨˩]

From Proto-Vietic *daː. Cognate with Arem kadɑː. See also cự đà.
Discounting reduplicatives and prefixal words (like cà giựt and bồ nông), this is one of the true disyllabic words in Vietnamese, see thằn lằn, mồ hôi, kì nhông, bồ hóng for some more examples.

Không phải cá sấu, mà cũng không phải là kỳ đà. Kỳ đà thì mõm nhọn chứ!

1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 18, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

It isn't a crocodile, but it isn't a monitor either. Monitors have a sharp snout!


gà trống nuôi con

[ɣaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ nuəj˧˧ kɔn˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

(literal) a rooster/cock who raises his own chicks


cói

chiếu cói

certain species in the family Cyperaceae, chiefly within the genus Cyperus


lột xác

[lot̚˧˨ʔ saːk̚˧˦]

[lok̚˨˩ʔ saːk̚˦˧˥]

[lok̚˨˩˨ saːk̚˦˥]

lột (“to strip off, to slough”) + xác (“body, corpse”).

(of animals, especially insects) to moult (shed skin)


muống

From Proto-Vietic *ɓɔːŋʔ (“water spinach (Ipomoea)”); cognate with Muong bỏng. Compare also Thai บุ้ง (bûng).

inh

Short for rau muống (“water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)”).


bét

From Proto-Vietic *k-pɛːt. Compare Proto-Katuic *kpiat (whence Pacoh capeat).


cá ngát

[kaː˧˦ ŋaːt̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋaːk̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ŋaːk̚˦˥]


cá hẻn

[kaː˧˦ hɛn˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ hɛŋ˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ hɛŋ˨˩˦]

airbreathing catfish
airbreathing catfish

(North Central Vietnam) airbreathing catfish


thùa

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 繡 (SV: tú).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tú</i>


Dương Cưu

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kiw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Dương Cưu.wav

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Bạch Dương (“Aries”)


chúa sơn lâm

[t͡ɕuə˧˦ səːn˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[t͡ɕuə˨˩˦ ʂəːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[t͡ɕuə˨˩˦ səːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[cuə˦˥ ʂəːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

[cuə˦˥ səːŋ˧˧ ləm˧˧]

chúa (“lord”) + sơn lâm (“the wilderness”).

com

king of the jungle (the title for the tiger)


nụ

Garcinia gummi-gutta
Garcinia gummi-gutta#Translingual

Garcinia cambogia
Garcinia cambogia#Translingual

Any of species Garcinia gummi-gutta (syn. Garcinia cambogia)


ổ gà

[ʔo˧˩ ɣaː˨˩]

[ʔow˧˨ ɣaː˦˩]

[ʔow˨˩˦ ɣaː˨˩]

(figurative) a small or medium-sized pothole


nải

From Proto-Vietic *c-naːs < *c-rn-aːs (an infixed form of *caːs (“to comb”), whence chải).
For the semantic relationship, compare Khmer សិត (sət, “to comb”) and ស្និត (snət, “classifier for hands of bananas”).


cá nóc

[kaː˨˩˦ nawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

(by extension) the Tetraodontiformes order


dộc

→ French: douc, Douc

→ English: douc

[zəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[jəwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[jəwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

From Proto-Vietic *k-joːk, probably of Sino-Tibetan origin. Cognate with Thavung kəjoːk⁷. Compare Proto-Karen *joɁᴰ and Burmese မျောက် (myauk).
Although not certain, the problematic presyllable *k- in Vietic might be due to analogy to other terms for monkey such as *k-mah and *k-vaɲ.


cua đinh

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˧]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗɨn˧˧]

cua (“crab”) + đinh (“(obsolete) riverbank”). Compare giải (“large softshell turtle”); also derived from "crab".


đa đa

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ ʔɗaː˧˧]

A variant, da da, which was also a pun on the Chinese word 家 (gia, “home”) in contrast with cuốc cuốc and the Chinese word 國／国 (quốc, “country”, as in 國家／国家 (quốc gia, “country; nation”)), existed in Bà Huyện Thanh Quan's poem titled Qua đèo Ngang (“Crossing the Ngang Pass”).

♂: Có con chim đa đa nó đậu cành đa.
Sao không lấy chồng gần mà đi lấy chồng xa ?
Có con chim đa đa hót lời nỉ non.
Sao em nỡ lấy chồng từ khi tuổi còn son ?
Để con chim đa đa ngậm ngùi đành bay xa.

(Can we date this quote?), Võ Đông Điền (lyrics and music), “Tiếng hát chim đa đa [The Francolin's Song]”:

♂: There's that francolin perching on a banyan branch.
Why didn't you marry someone here, but someone so far away?
There's that francolin crying his desperate song.
How could you get married at such a tender age?
Now that the francolin has no choice but fly away.

Francolinus pintadeanus
Francolinus pintadeanus#Translingual

a Chinese francolin (Francolinus pintadeanus)


trùng trục

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩ ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ʈʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


tuần lộc

[twən˨˩ ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[twəŋ˦˩ ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[t⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩ ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


lông vũ

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vu˦ˀ˥]

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vʊw˧˨]

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vʊw˨˩˦]

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ jʊw˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lông vũ.wav


Miên Dương

[miən˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[miəŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[miəŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Miên Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綿羊, composed of 綿 (“wool”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 綿羊／绵羊 (miányáng, “sheep”). Compare Sơn Dương (“Capricorn”, literally “goat”).


ếch giun

[ʔəjk̟̚˧˦ zun˧˧]

[ʔet̚˦˧˥ jun˧˧]

[ʔəːt̚˦˥ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

a Ceylon caecilian (Ichthyophis glutinosus)


gõ kiến

[ɣɔ˦ˀ˥ kiən˧˦]

[ɣɔ˧˨ kiəŋ˦˧˥]

[ɣɔ˨˩˦ kiəŋ˦˥]

From gõ (“to knock on”) + kiến (“ant”). The verb for peck as in English woodpecker is mổ, rather than gõ.


bòng bòng

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩]


chủng

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˩]

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˨]

Clipping of chủng tộc (“race”). (a large group of people set apart from others on the basis of common, physical characteristics)


dành dành

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
𦱊𦱊 (CJK)

[zajŋ̟˨˩ zajŋ̟˨˩]

[jɛɲ˦˩ jɛɲ˦˩]

Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoides#Translingual


bánh giầy

[ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦ zəj˨˩]

[ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥ jəj˦˩]

[ʔɓan˦˥ jəj˨˩]

A white, flat, round cake in traditional Vietnamese cuisine, made of glutinous rice and wrapped in banana leaves.


xa pô chê

[saː˧˧ po˧˧ t͡ɕe˧˧]

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota#Translingual

(Southern Vietnam) sapodilla (Manilkara zapota)


chim ong

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

From chim (“bird”) + ong (“bee”). Compare Chinese 蜂鳥／蜂鸟 (fēngniǎo, literally “bee bird”), Japanese 蜂鳥 (hachidori, literally “bee bird”), Korean 벌새 (beolsae, literally “bee bird”).


tu hú

[tʊw˧˧ hʊw˨˩˦]

[tʊw˧˧ hʊw˦˥]

1967, Hoàng Vân (lyrics & music), "Mùa Hoa Phượng Nở (Season of Blooming Flamboyants)"; 1986 performance by Diệu Linh & Tuyết Mai
Tu hú kêu, tu hú kêu, hoa gạo nở, hoa phượng đỏ, đầy ước mơ hy vọng.

The koel is singing, the koels are singing; the silk cotton flowers are blooming red, the flamboyants are blooming red, full of hopes and dreams.

Eudynamys scolopaceus
Eudynamys scolopaceus#Translingual

koel (genus Eudynamys), especially the Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus)


tre pheo

[t͡ɕɛ˧˧ fɛw˧˧]

[ʈɛ˧˧ fɛw˧˧]

[ʈɛ˧˧ fɛw˧˧]

The second element is a fossil word that means "bamboo". Compare Muong pheo and Nguôn pheo.


trích

Porphyrio porphyrio
Porphyrio porphyrio#Translingual


cánh cam

[kɛɲ˦˧˥ kaːm˧˧]


Guốc chẵn

[ɣuək̚˧˦ t͡ɕan˦ˀ˥]

[ɣuək̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕaŋ˧˨]

[ɣuək̚˦˥ caŋ˨˩˦]

bộ Guốc chẵn


Guốc lẻ

[ɣuək̚˧˦ lɛ˧˩]

[ɣuək̚˦˧˥ lɛ˧˨]

[ɣuək̚˦˥ lɛ˨˩˦]

bộ Guốc lẻ


rắn cạp nong

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ nawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ nɔŋ˧˧]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ kaːp̚˨˩˨ nawŋ͡m˧˧]


rắn lục

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨]


rắn cạp nia

[zan˧˦ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ niə˧˧]

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ niə˧˧]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ kaːp̚˨˩˨ niə˧˧]


chuột cống

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ kəwŋ͡m˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ kəwŋ͡m˦˧˥]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ kəwŋ͡m˦˥]


Gặm nhấm

[ɣam˧˨ʔ ɲəm˧˦]

[ɣam˨˩ʔ ɲəm˦˧˥]

[ɣam˨˩˨ ɲəm˦˥]


chanh dây

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ zəj˧˧]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧ jəj˧˧]


chanh leo

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧ lɛw˧˧]


Thỏ Ngọc

[tʰɔ˧˩ ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɔ˧˨ ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɔ˨˩˦ ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨]

thỏ (“rabbit”) + ngọc (“jade”), calque of Chinese 玉兔 (Ngọc Thố).

the Jade Hare, Chang'e's companion on the Moon


dưa lê

[zɨə˧˧ le˧˧]

[jɨə˧˧ lej˧˧]

[jɨə˧˧ lej˧˧]


mòng két

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ kɛt̚˧˦]

[mawŋ͡m˦˩ kɛt̚˦˧˥]

[mɔŋ˦˩ kɛt̚˦˧˥]

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ kɛk̚˦˥]


cá rô phi

zh-l

羅非魚／罗非鱼 (luófēiyú)

→ Chinese: 羅非魚／罗非鱼 (luófēiyú)

[kaː˨˩˦ ʐow˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ɹow˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

cá rô + Phi. Literally "African climbing perch".


rắn cạp nia biển

[zan˧˦ kaːp̚˧˨ʔ niə˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ kaːp̚˨˩ʔ niə˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ kaːp̚˨˩˨ niə˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

rắn cạp nia (“Malayan krait”) + biển (“sea”)


nắp ấm

vi-noun

(classifier cái, cây (“the plant”)) nắp ấm

[nap̚˧˦ ʔəm˧˦]

[nap̚˦˧˥ ʔəm˦˧˥]

[nap̚˦˥ ʔəm˦˥]


sao biển

[saːw˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[ʂaːw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[saːw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[ʂaːw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

[saːw˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

From sao (“star”) + biển (“sea”). Compare Chinese 海星 (hải tinh).


nhền nhện

[ɲen˨˩ ɲen˧˨ʔ]

[ɲen˦˩ ɲen˨˩ʔ]

[ɲəːn˨˩ ɲəːn˨˩˨]


linh dương

[lïŋ˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[lɨn˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[lɨn˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]


Linh trưởng

[lïŋ˧˧ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˩]

[lɨn˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˧˨]

[lɨn˧˧ ʈɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靈長 (“superior being; human”). Compare Vietnamese linh miêu, linh cẩu.

vi-etym-sino

bộ Linh trưởng


linh cẩu

[lïŋ˧˧ kəw˧˩]

[lɨn˧˧ kəw˧˨]

[lɨn˧˧ kəw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靈 and 狗 (“dog”). Compare linh miêu, Linh trưởng.


linh miêu

[lïŋ˧˧ miəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 靈貓 (“civet”), with the 貓／猫 reinterpreted to literally mean "cat", rather than any cat-like animal such as the civet. Compare linh cẩu, Linh trưởng.


cá giếc

[kaː˧˦ ziək̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ jiək̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ jiək̚˦˥]

From cá (“fish”) + giếc (“crucian carp”)


hồng mao

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

voi chín ngà, gà chín cựa, ngựa chín hồng mao

an elephant with nine tusks, a rooster with nine spurs, a horse with nine groups of mane hair

(mythology) one of the nine groups of hair of the mane of the horse that Sơn Tinh offered the reigning Hùng king to propose to his princess


cá tầm

[kaː˧˦ təm˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ təm˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ təm˨˩]

From cá (“fish”) + tầm, the latter is Sino-Vietnamese word from 鱘.


Chó

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chó.wav


mèo khen mèo dài đuôi

[mɛw˨˩ xɛn˧˧ mɛw˨˩ zaːj˨˩ ʔɗuəj˧˧]

[mɛw˦˩ kʰɛŋ˧˧ mɛw˦˩ jaːj˦˩ ʔɗuj˧˧]

[mɛw˦˩ xɛŋ˧˧ mɛw˦˩ jaːj˦˩ ʔɗuj˧˧]

[mɛw˨˩ kʰɛŋ˧˧ mɛw˨˩ jaːj˨˩ ʔɗuj˧˧]

[mɛw˨˩ xɛŋ˧˧ mɛw˨˩ jaːj˨˩ ʔɗuj˧˧]

(literal) cats who boast of their own long tails


cây cỏ

[kəj˧˧ kɔ˧˩]

[kəj˧˧ kɔ˧˨]

[kəj˧˧ kɔ˨˩˦]

Probably a calque of Chinese 草木 (cǎomù).

plant; herbaceous plant (generally speaking)


cá tai tượng

[kaː˧˦ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ taːj˧˧ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]

cá (“fish”) + tai (“ear”) + tượng (“elephant”), literally “elephant ear fish”.

com

(zoology) giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)


bẹ

head

bẹ • (備, 梐, 瓣, 𠹯)

vi-noun

(classifier cây (“corn, maize”)) bẹ • (備, 梐, 瓣, 𠹯)

cây (classifier)
備 (CJK)
梐 (CJK)
瓣 (CJK)
𠹯 (CJK)


lá lốt

→ English: lolot

[laː˨˩˦ lok̚˦˧˥]


lợn lòi

[ləːn˧˨ʔ lɔj˨˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ lɔj˦˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ lɔj˨˩]

hog (esp. species with tusks like warthog)


ngọc nữ

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ nɨ˧˨]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ nɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玉女, composed of 玉 (“gem”) and 女 (“female person”), from Literary Chinese 玉女 (yùnǚ, “beautiful girl”). Doublet of Ngọc Nữ.


cá điêu hồng

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗiəw˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗiw˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗiw˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) red tilapia


kơ nia

[kəː˧˧ niə˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ niə˧˧]

[kəː˧˧ niə˧˧]


bạch đàn

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaːn˨˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaːŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩]

Santalum album
Santalum album#Translingual


chín muồi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-chín muồi.wav

chín (“ripe”) + muồi (“ripe; favorable”).

com

(literal) ripe (ready for reaping or gathering, of fruits and seeds)


xương dăm

[sɨəŋ˧˧ zam˧˧]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ jam˧˧]

[sɨəŋ˧˧ jam˧˧]

one of the smallest bones in a bony fish that are easy to get stuck in people's throats


ốc anh vũ

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˧ vu˦ˀ˥]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɛɲ˧˧ vʊw˧˨]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔan˧˧ vʊw˨˩˦]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔan˧˧ jʊw˨˩˦]


mèo tam thể

[mɛw˨˩ taːm˧˧ tʰe˧˩]

[mɛw˨˩ taːm˧˧ tʰej˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-mèo tam thể.wav

From mèo (“cat”) + tam thể (“three colours”), a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 三采 (SV: tam thải).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">tam thải</i>


bọ que

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ kwɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ kwɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ wɛ˧˧]


phượng vĩ

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
bông (classifier)

[fɨəŋ˧˨ʔ vi˦ˀ˥]

[fɨəŋ˨˩ʔ vɪj˧˨]

[fɨəŋ˨˩˨ vɪj˨˩˦]

[fɨəŋ˨˩˨ jɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鳳 (“phoenix, fenghuang”) and 尾 (“tail”).


sò huyết

[sɔ˨˩ hwiət̚˧˦]

[ʂɔ˦˩ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[sɔ˦˩ hwiək̚˦˧˥]

[ʂɔ˨˩ wiək̚˦˥]

[sɔ˨˩ wiək̚˦˥]

blood cockle; blood clam (Tegillarca granosa)


lòng trắng

[lawŋ͡m˨˩ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[lawŋ͡m˦˩ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[lɔŋ˦˩ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[lawŋ͡m˨˩ ʈaŋ˦˥]


cá chiên

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕiən˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕiəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ciəŋ˧˧]

a devil catfish; dwarf goonch (of the species Bagarius bagarius)


cá chiên

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕiən˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕiəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ciəŋ˧˧]


cú mèo

[kʊw˨˩˦ mɛw˦˩]

[kʊw˦˥ mɛw˨˩]


cú vọ

[ku˧˦ vɔ˧˨ʔ]

[kʊw˨˩˦ vɔ˨˩ʔ]

[kʊw˦˥ vɔ˨˩˨]

[kʊw˦˥ jɔ˨˩˨]


cá tra

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕaː˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈaː˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʈaː˧˧]

cá + tra, from Khmer ប្រា (praa, “certain Pangasius species”).

bor

(Southern Vietnam, zoology) iridescent shark, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

generic name for any species in the Pangasiidae family


rau dớn

[ʐaw˧˧ jəːŋ˦˧˥]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ jəːŋ˦˥]

(botany) vegetable fern, Diplazium esculentum


sấu

From Proto-Vietic *k-ruːʔ (“crocodile”). Cognate with Muong Bi khủ (“aquatic monster”).


sấu

vi-noun

(classifier cây, trái, quả) sấu • (㮴, 蓃)

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
㮴 (CJK)
蓃 (CJK)

Dracontomelon duperreanum, a species of flowering plants in the Anacardiaceae (cashew family).


ráy

cây (classifier)
củ (classifier)
𦵜 (CJK)
𫇶 (CJK)
𫈨 (CJK)

other similar plants of the family Araceae


cá ông

head

cá ông • (𩵜翁)

[kaː˧˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧]


chó rừng

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ zɨŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ ʐɨŋ˦˩]

[cɔ˦˥ ɹɨŋ˨˩]


sói đồng cỏ

[sɔj˧˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kɔ˧˩]

[ʂɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ kɔ˧˨]

[sɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ kɔ˧˨]

[ʂɔj˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kɔ˨˩˦]

[sɔj˦˥ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ kɔ˨˩˦]

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual


chó sói lửa

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ sɔj˧˦ lɨə˧˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ ʂɔj˨˩˦ lɨə˧˨]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ sɔj˨˩˦ lɨə˧˨]

[cɔ˦˥ ʂɔj˦˥ lɨə˨˩˦]

[cɔ˦˥ sɔj˦˥ lɨə˨˩˦]

From chó sói ("wolf") + lửa ("fire"), so "fire wolf", a reference to the reddish fur.


chó rừng lông vàng

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ zɨŋ˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ ʐɨŋ˦˩ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vaːŋ˦˩]

[cɔ˦˥ ɹɨŋ˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[cɔ˦˥ ɹɨŋ˨˩ ləwŋ͡m˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩]


động đực

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩˨]


nhuỵ

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蕊 (“stamen; pistil”, SV: nhị). Doublet of nhị.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhị</i>


nhị cái

[ɲi˧˨ʔ kaːj˧˦]

[ɲɪj˨˩ʔ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ɲɪj˨˩˨ kaːj˦˥]

nhị (“stamen; pistil”) + cái (“female”), calque of Chinese 雌蕊 (thư nhị)


nhị đực

[ɲi˧˨ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɪj˨˩ʔ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɪj˨˩˨ ʔɗɨk̚˨˩˨]

nhị (“stamen; pistil”) + đực (“male”), calque of Chinese 雄蕊 (hùng nhị)


thỏ rừng

[tʰɔ˧˩ zɨŋ˨˩]

[tʰɔ˧˨ ʐɨŋ˦˩]

[tʰɔ˨˩˦ ɹɨŋ˨˩]


chim Lạc

[t͡ɕim˧˧ laːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ laːk̚˨˩ʔ]

(mythology) a mythical bird that's generally considered the symbol of the Lạc Việt


căng-gu-ru

[kaŋ˧˧ ɣu˧˧ zu˧˧]

[kaŋ˧˧ ɣʊw˧˧ ʐʊw˧˧]

[kaŋ˧˧ ɣʊw˧˧ ɹʊw˧˧]

From French kangourou, from Guugu Yimidhirr gangurru (“eastern grey kangaroo”).


cá nheo

[kaː˧˦ ɲɛw˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ɲɛw˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ɲɛw˧˧]

a silurid (catfish of the Siluridae family)


vịt xiêm

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ sim˧˧]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ sim˧˧]


chuột lắt

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ lat̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ lak̚˦˧˥]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ lak̚˦˥]

Rattus exulans
Rattus exulans#Translingual


chó chăn cừu Đức

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ t͡ɕan˧˧ kiw˨˩ ʔɗɨk̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ t͡ɕaŋ˧˧ kɨw˦˩ ʔɗɨk̚˦˧˥]

[cɔ˦˥ caŋ˧˧ kɨw˨˩ ʔɗɨk̚˦˥]


bu-lô

[ʔɓu˧˧ lo˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ low˧˧]

[ʔɓʊw˧˧ low˧˧]


chó hoang châu Phi

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ hwaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ fi˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ hwaːŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

[cɔ˦˥ waːŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧ fɪj˧˧]

Chó hoang châu Phi chỉ còn khoảng 5000 cá thể trên toàn châu Phi, là loài động vật quý hiếm mà nhiều người đánh giá không đúng về chúng.

2015, Đinh Ngân, “Những sự thật ít ai biết về chó hoang châu Phi”, in kienthuc.net.vn, archived from the original on 2023-01-01:

Dù chỉ có kích thước tương đương với một con chó nhà nhưng chó hoang châu Phi được xếp vào nhóm những kẻ đi săn thiện nghệ và nguy hiểm bậc nhất trong thiên nhiên hoang dã.

2018, Ban Biên Tập, “Chó hoang châu Phi – Chuyên gia săn mồi thiện nghệ nhất trong tự nhiên”, in DKN.TV, archived from the original on 2023-01-01:

Chó hoang châu Phi (Lycaon pictus) thường bị lép vế so với các động vật ăn thịt khác ở châu Phi. Chúng có chiều cao 75 cm tính đến vai và nặng 25 kg.

2019, An Khang, “Lần đầu ghi hình chó hoang châu Phi ăn thịt khỉ đầu chó”, in VnExpress, archived from the original on 2023-01-01:

Lycaon pictus
Lycaon pictus#Translingual


sói đỏ

[sɔj˧˦ ʔɗɔ˧˩]

[ʂɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[sɔj˨˩˦ ʔɗɔ˧˨]

[ʂɔj˦˥ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]

[sɔj˦˥ ʔɗɔ˨˩˦]


mèo già hoá cáo

[mɛw˨˩ zaː˨˩ hwaː˧˦ kaːw˧˦]

[mɛw˦˩ jaː˦˩ hwaː˨˩˦ kaːw˨˩˦]

[mɛw˨˩ jaː˨˩ waː˦˥ kaːw˦˥]

(literal) when a cat is old enough, it will turn into a fox


mèo báo

[mɛw˨˩ ʔɓaːw˧˦]

[mɛw˦˩ ʔɓaːw˨˩˦]

[mɛw˨˩ ʔɓaːw˦˥]

Prionailurus bengalensis
Prionailurus bengalensis#Translingual


báo ghê-pa

[ʔɓaːw˧˦ ɣe˧˧ paː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ɣej˧˧ paː˧˧]

[ʔɓaːw˦˥ ɣej˧˧ paː˧˧]

báo + ghê-pa, the latter from French guépard.


lợn nước

[ləːn˧˨ʔ nɨək̚˧˦]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ nɨək̚˦˥]


chò

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">chu, châu</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 株 (“stump; root”, SV: chu, châu)

a three-legged device for raising plates on the altar


sóc bay

[ʂawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaj˧˧]

[sawk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɓaj˧˧]

[ʂawk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɓa(ː)j˧˧]

sóc + bay. calque of English flying squirrel


ông nói gà, bà nói vịt

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˧˦ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˧˦ vit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˨˩˦ ɣaː˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩ nɔj˨˩˦ vit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˦˥ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˦˥ vɨt̚˨˩˨]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˦˥ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˦˥ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

(literal) he said chickens, she said ducks


chuột sóc

[t͡ɕuət̚˧˨ʔ sawk͡p̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ ʂawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[t͡ɕuək̚˨˩ʔ sawk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[cuək̚˨˩˨ ʂawk͡p̚˦˥]


rắn đuôi chuông

[zan˧˦ ʔɗuəj˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗuj˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ ʔɗuj˧˧ cuəŋ˧˧]

rắn (“non-constricting snake”) + đuôi (“tail”) + chuông (“bell”)


trâu bò

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʈəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʈəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

(literal, collective) water buffaloes and Southern Yellow cattle


tườu

Điền đã thấy nóng mặt, muốn vặt lại một câu nhưng rồi cố nén bằng cách đưa ly nước lên miệng uống ực một cái. Con tườu!

2001, Chu Lai, Cuộc đời dài lắm, NXB Văn học, page 206:

Điền felt hot in the face and wanted to spit out some words, but then he suppressed the urge bringing his glass of water to his mouth and drinking a gulp. Monkey!


linh dương hoẵng

[lïŋ˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧ hwaŋ˦ˀ˥]

[lɨn˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ hwaŋ˧˨]

[lɨn˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧ waŋ˨˩˦]

linh dương (“antelope”) + hoẵng (“muntjac”). Calque of Chinese 麂羚 (kỉ linh).


hươu nai

[hɨəw˧˧ naːj˧˧]

[hɨəw˧˧ naːj˧˧]

hươu + nai. The first word refers to deer in general and the second to sambar deer.


có vú

[kɔ˨˩˦ vʊw˨˩˦]

[kɔ˦˥ vʊw˦˥]

[kɔ˦˥ jʊw˦˥]

The có (“to have”) + vú (“breast”), or a blend of có + núm vú (“nipple”).


điệp

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蝶 (“butterfly”).
The sense of "scallop" is due to the visual similarity between scallop's valves and butterfly's wings when spread.


động vật nguyên sinh

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˨ʔ vət̚˧˨ʔ ŋwiən˧˧ sïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ʔ vək̚˨˩ʔ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ vək̚˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ ʂɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩˨ jək̚˨˩˨ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ sɨn˧˧]

động vật (“animal”) + nguyên sinh (“primordial”), calque of Chinese 原生動物／原生动物 (nguyên sinh động vật).


cò mỏ giày

[kɔ˨˩ mɔ˧˩ zaj˨˩]

[kɔ˦˩ mɔ˧˨ jaj˦˩]

[kɔ˨˩ mɔ˨˩˦ ja(ː)j˨˩]

cò + mỏ + giày. Calque of English shoebill.


Ngựa

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngựa.wav


đại tinh tinh

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ tïŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大猩猩 (“gorilla”).


hắc tinh tinh

[hak̚˧˦ tïŋ˧˧ tïŋ˧˧]

[hak̚˦˧˥ tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

[hak̚˦˥ tɨn˧˧ tɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 黑猩猩, composed of 黑 (“black”) and 猩猩 (“ape”), from Chinese 黑猩猩 (hēixīngxing).


lông mao

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ maːw˧˧]

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ maːw˧˧]

[ləwŋ͡m˧˧ maːw˧˧]


tầm vông

[təm˨˩ vəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[təm˦˩ vəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[təm˨˩ vəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[təm˨˩ jəwŋ͡m˧˧]


giẻ cùi

[jɛ˨˩˦ kuj˨˩]

red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha)

some other birds in the genera Urocissa and Cissa


dơi quạ

[zəːj˧˧ kwaː˧˨ʔ]

[jəːj˧˧ kwaː˨˩ʔ]

[jəːj˧˧ waː˨˩˨]


thuỷ cầm

[tʰwɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水禽, composed of 水 (“water”) and 禽 (“bird”).

(collective) anseriforms, especially ducks and geese


mèo rừng

[mɛw˨˩ zɨŋ˨˩]

[mɛw˦˩ ʐɨŋ˦˩]

[mɛw˨˩ ɹɨŋ˨˩]


hà thủ ô

[haː˨˩ tʰu˧˩ ʔo˧˧]

[haː˦˩ tʰʊw˧˨ ʔow˧˧]

[haː˨˩ tʰʊw˨˩˦ ʔow˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 何首烏, from Chinese 何首烏／何首乌 (héshǒuwū).

Reynoutria multiflora (Chinese knotweed)


thì là

head

thì là • (蒔蘿)

vi-noun

thì là • (蒔蘿)

[tʰi˨˩ laː˨˩]

[tʰɪj˦˩ laː˦˩]

[tʰɪj˨˩ laː˨˩]


phi lao

1956, "Việt Nam quê hương tôi (Vietnam, Our Homeland)", lyrics and music by Đỗ Nhuận
Nghe sóng vỗ dạt dào biển cả, vút phi lao gió thổi trên bờ.

Hear the waves bellowing on the wide broad sea, and the winds blowing swiftly through the soaring casuarinas ashore.


cá bột

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓot̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓok̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓok̚˨˩˨]


a-ti-sô

[ʔaː˧˧ ti˧˧ so˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʂow˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ sow˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ ʂow˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ tɪj˧˧ sow˧˧]


dây leo

[zəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ lɛw˧˧]

dây (“string or rope”) + leo (“to climb”).

af

a vine (any similar climbing or trailing plant)


cá trích

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕïk̟̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈɨt̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʈɨt̚˦˥]


三角龍

chữ Hán form of tam giác long (“triceratops”).


cá nhồng

[kaː˧˦ ɲəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ɲəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ɲəwŋ͡m˨˩]


ma mút

[maː˧˧ mʊk̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ mʊk͡p̚˦˥]


tụ cầu vàng

[tu˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩ vaːŋ˨˩]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩ vaːŋ˦˩]

[tʊw˨˩˨ kəw˨˩ vaːŋ˨˩]

[tʊw˨˩˨ kəw˨˩ jaːŋ˨˩]

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus#Translingual


tụ cầu khuẩn

[tu˧˨ʔ kəw˨˩ xwən˧˩]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[tʊw˨˩ʔ kəw˦˩ xwəŋ˧˨]

[tʊw˨˩˨ kəw˨˩ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[tʊw˨˩˨ kəw˨˩ xwəŋ˨˩˦]


liên cầu khuẩn

[liəŋ˧˧ kəw˦˩ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[liəŋ˧˧ kəw˦˩ xwəŋ˧˨]

[liəŋ˧˧ kəw˨˩ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[liəŋ˧˧ kəw˨˩ xwəŋ˨˩˦]


phế cầu khuẩn

[fej˨˩˦ kəw˦˩ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[fej˨˩˦ kəw˦˩ xwəŋ˧˨]

[fej˦˥ kəw˨˩ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[fej˦˥ kəw˨˩ xwəŋ˨˩˦]


não mô cầu

[naːw˦ˀ˥ mo˧˧ kəw˨˩]

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis#Translingual


cá lăng

[kaː˧˦ laŋ˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ laŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ laŋ˧˧]

com

cá (“fish”) + lăng (of uncertain origin; compare Chinese 鯪／鲮 (líng))

bagrid catfish, naked catfish (especially species present in Vietnam)


tiểu mạch

Sino-Vietnamese word from 小麥, composed of 小 (“small”) and 麥 (“wheat”), from Chinese 小麥／小麦 (xiǎomài). Compare Japanese 小麦 (komugi).

vi-etym-sino

Coordinate term: đại mạch


thường xanh

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ sɛɲ˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ san˧˧]

thường (“normally; usually”) + xanh (“grue”).


chó cứ sủa còn đoàn người cứ đi

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ kɨ˧˦ suə˧˩ kɔn˨˩ ʔɗwaːn˨˩ ŋɨəj˨˩ kɨ˧˦ ʔɗi˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ kɨ˨˩˦ ʂuə˧˨ kɔŋ˦˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩ ŋɨj˦˩ kɨ˨˩˦ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ kɨ˨˩˦ suə˧˨ kɔŋ˦˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˦˩ ŋɨj˦˩ kɨ˨˩˦ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[cɔ˦˥ kɨ˦˥ ʂuə˨˩˦ kɔŋ˨˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ ŋɨj˨˩ kɨ˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

[cɔ˦˥ kɨ˦˥ suə˨˩˦ kɔŋ˨˩ ʔɗwaːŋ˨˩ ŋɨj˨˩ kɨ˦˥ ʔɗɪj˧˧]

The saying is found in many languages from the Middle East to India. In Turkish and Azerbaijani, it rhymes (Turkish it ürür, kervan yürür, and Azerbaijani it hürər, karvan keçər), suggesting that of Turkic languages may be the origin. Some scholars claim that the proverb is originally Arabic. The saying is also found in Portuguese (Portuguese os cães ladram, mas a caravana passa), which could be explained by Arab presence in the country between 8th and 13th centuries.

cog

the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on
the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on


uyên ương

[ʔwiən˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔwiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[(ʔ)wiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鴛鴦 (“mandarin duck”).

vi-etym-sino

Aix galericulata
Aix galericulata#Translingual

(zoology) a mandarin duck (a perching duck of the species Aix galericulata)

(zoology) a duck of the genus Aix (generally)


uyên ương

[ʔwiən˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔwiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[(ʔ)wiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

(figurative) a lovebird; member of a romantic couple


tuấn mã

[twən˧˦ maː˦ˀ˥]

[twəŋ˦˧˥ maː˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˦˥ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 駿馬, composed of 駿 (“excellent horse”) and 馬 (“horse”).

(literary) excellent horse, prized horse


tấy

See rái.
In spite of a phonological discrepancy, rái and tấy are both regular reflexes of the Proto-Vietic word in terms of dialectal development, wih most Vietnamese dialects spirantized medial *-s- to ‹r› while the North Central dialects kept the *-s- (that later regularly shifted to ‹t›) unaffected by the presyllable *p-. For the ‹ay›-‹ây› (< *eː) correspondence, compare North Central gấy vs. standard written gái, trấy vs. trái, cây vs. gai.

North Central Vietnam form of rái (“otter”)


gấu trắng

[ɣəw˧˦ t͡ɕaŋ˧˦]

[ɣəw˨˩˦ ʈaŋ˦˧˥]

[ɣəw˦˥ ʈaŋ˦˥]

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual

white bear, polar bear (Ursus maritimus)


rắn hổ

[ʐaŋ˦˧˥ how˧˨]

[ɹaŋ˦˥ how˨˩˦]

(rắn) hổ mang

(rắn) hổ mang chúa

(rắn) hổ trâu

(rắn) hổ lửa


Huyền Vũ

[hwiəŋ˦˩ vʊw˧˨]

[wiəŋ˨˩ vʊw˨˩˦]

[wiəŋ˨˩ jʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 玄武, composed of 玄 (“black”) and 武 (“warrior”), from Literary Chinese 玄武 (Xuánwǔ).


lồ ô

certain species of bamboo, such as Bambusa procera


Chu Tước

[t͡ɕu˧˧ tɨək̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕʊw˧˧ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[cʊw˧˧ tɨək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 朱雀, composed of 朱 (“vermilion”) and 雀 (“sparrow”), from Literary Chinese 朱雀 (zhūquè).


Bạch Hổ

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ho˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ how˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ how˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白虎, composed of 白 (“white”) and 虎 (“tiger”), from Literary Chinese 白虎 (báihǔ).

Bạch Hổ Hoạt Lạc Cao


con giáp

[kɔn˧˧ zaːp̚˧˦]

[kɔŋ˧˧ jaːp̚˦˧˥]

[kɔŋ˧˧ jaːp̚˦˥]

con + giáp (“甲, the first heavenly stem”). Probably so named because of the significance of 甲子 (Giáp Tí), the first element in the sexagenary cycle.


ớt chuông

[ʔəːt̚˧˦ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəːk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəːk̚˦˥ cuəŋ˧˧]

ớt + chuông, calque of English bell pepper.


rau sam

[ʐaw˧˧ ʂaːm˧˧]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ ʂaːm˧˧]

Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca oleracea#Translingual


thạch tùng

[tʰajk̟̚˧˨ʔ tʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

[tʰat̚˨˩ʔ tʊwŋ͡m˦˩]

[tʰat̚˨˩˨ tʊwŋ͡m˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 石松, composed of 石 and 松.

vi-etym-sino

Màu xanh ấy và đôi chữ cũng xanh ấy gợi nhớ tới loài hoa thạch-tùng-xoan trung trinh trong lòng anh trai làng vừa tròn mười tám.

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 2, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

The shade of green and those two words, also green, brought memories of the faithful egg-leafed club moss flowers to the heart of the only just eighteen-year-old village boy.

Lycopodium clavatum
Lycopodium clavatum#Translingual


chim có tổ, người có tông

[t͡ɕim˧˧ kɔ˧˦ to˧˩ ŋɨəj˨˩ kɔ˧˦ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ kɔ˨˩˦ tow˧˨ ŋɨj˦˩ kɔ˨˩˦ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[cim˧˧ kɔ˦˥ tow˨˩˦ ŋɨj˨˩ kɔ˦˥ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

tổ has two meanings, native Vietnamese "nest" and Sino-Vietnamese "ancestor".

(literal) birds have nests, people have lineages


đậu đũa

head

đậu đũa • (豆𪳌)

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ ʔɗuə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ ʔɗuə˧˨]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ ʔɗuə˨˩˦]

Giữa ván đã để sẵn gô cơm gạo mới thơm ngào ngạt và mấy lát đậu đũa, đậu xương rồng chiên dầu đậu nành rải lên trên.

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 5, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

In the middle of the plank a billycan of strongly fragrant rice sprinkled with some slices of yardlong beans and Manila beans fried in soybean oil stood ready.

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

yardlong bean, asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


song cầu khuẩn

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ kəw˦˩ kʰwəŋ˧˨]

[sɔŋ˧˧ kəw˦˩ xwəŋ˧˨]

[ʂawŋ͡m˧˧ kəw˨˩ kʰwəŋ˨˩˦]

[sawŋ͡m˧˧ kəw˨˩ xwəŋ˨˩˦]


cù lần

[kʊw˦˩ ləŋ˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩ ləŋ˨˩]

Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] (kɒːn¹) kuː¹ liŋ¹.
Compare also chân, đến, lên for other instances of palatalization of *-ŋ after front vowels.


ngũ mã phanh thây

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ maː˦ˀ˥ fajŋ̟˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ maː˧˨ fɛɲ˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ maː˨˩˦ fan˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngũ mã phanh thây.wav

Partial calque of Chinese 五馬分屍／五马分尸 (ngũ mã phân thi), but with the substitution of phân (分) with the etymologically unrelated phanh through phono-semantic matching.

pcal

(historical) dismemberment with five horses


cây trinh nữ

[kəj˧˧ t͡ɕïŋ˧˧ nɨ˦ˀ˥]

[kəj˧˧ ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˧˨]

[kəj˧˧ ʈɨn˧˧ nɨ˨˩˦]

cây (“plant”) + trinh nữ (“female virgin”), perhaps in reference to a timid maiden covering her face.


cây mắc cỡ

[kəj˧˧ mak̚˧˦ kəː˦ˀ˥]

[kəj˧˧ mak̚˦˧˥ kəː˧˨]

[kəj˧˧ mak̚˦˥ kəː˨˩˦]


cây xấu hổ

[kəj˧˧ səw˧˦ ho˧˩]

[kəj˧˧ səw˨˩˦ how˧˨]

[kəj˧˧ səw˦˥ how˨˩˦]

cây (“plant”) + xấu hổ (“embarrassed; ashamed”)


mít ướt

[mit̚˧˦ ʔɨət̚˧˦]

[mit̚˦˧˥ ʔɨək̚˦˧˥]

[mɨt̚˦˥ ʔɨək̚˦˥]

mít (“jackfruit”) + ướt (“wet”), because it's wet as opposed to mít dai (“chewy jackfruit”)/mít ráo (“dry jackfruit”).

To đầu mà mít ướt !

You're/They're such a grown-ass crybaby!


bồ đề

[ʔɓo˨˩ ʔɗe˨˩]

[ʔɓow˦˩ ʔɗej˦˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ ʔɗej˨˩]

Ficus religiosa
Ficus religiosa#Translingual


cải củ

[kaːj˨˩˦ kʊw˨˩˦]

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus#Translingual

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, syn. Raphanus sativus), particularly the Vietnamese varieties of daikon, the East Asian long white radish.


lằng

From Proto-Vietic *-laŋ (“bluebottle fly”), from Old Chinese 蠅 (OC *m-rəŋ, “housefly”) (B-S) (SV: dăng). Cognate with Chut [Rục] məlaŋ¹.
This is an example of a Sinitic loanword borrowed at the stage when the shift *m-r- > *m-l- already happened. Compare lẽ (“reason”) < Middle Vietnamese mlẽ, from Chinese 理 (lǐ) (phonetic 里 (OC *m(ə).rəʔ)).

common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata)


tê giác đen

[te˧˧ zaːk̚˧˦ ʔɗɛn˧˧]

[tej˧˧ jaːk̚˦˧˥ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]

[tej˧˧ jaːk̚˦˥ ʔɗɛŋ˧˧]


head

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨəj˨˩ ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ vaː˨˩ mot̚˧˨ʔ kɔn˧˧ vit̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ kaːj˧˦ t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˦˩ ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩ vaː˦˩ mok̚˨˩ʔ kɔŋ˧˧ vit̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kaːj˨˩˦ t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ vaː˨˩ mok̚˨˩˨ kɔŋ˧˧ vɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ kaːj˦˥ cəː˨˩˨]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ jaː˨˩ mok̚˨˩˨ kɔŋ˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ kaːj˦˥ cəː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hai người đàn bà và một con vịt thành cái chợ.wav

(derogatory) women are stereotypically loud, talkative, prone to nagging and gossiping


chim nhại

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ɲaːj˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩ʔ]

[cim˧˧ ɲaːj˨˩˨]


khướu

con (classifier)
窖 (CJK)
𩿨 (CJK)
𫛕 (CJK)
𩿚 (CJK)

Old World babbler (bird of the family Timaliidae)


cháy nhà mới ra mặt chuột

(literal) when the house burns, the rodents show their faces; only after the house is incinerated will people who burn it show their mousy faces


giận cá chém thớt

(literal) to be angry at the fish and slash the chopping board


nhồng

Gracula religiosa
Gracula religiosa#Translingual


bạch chỉ

cây (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
rễ (classifier)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白芷 (“Angelica dahurica”).

vi-etym-sino

vi:Bạch chỉ (Phật giáo)
vi:Bạch chỉ (thuốc Bắc)

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ cɪj˨˩˦]

Angelica dahurica
Angelica dahurica#English


chỉ thiên

[t͡ɕi˧˩ tʰiən˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˨ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

[cɪj˨˩˦ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

chỉ (“to point”) + thiên (“sky”). Compare 指天椒 (zhǐtiānjiāo, “facing heaven pepper”).


chò chỉ

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˦˩ t͡ɕɪj˧˨]

[cɔ˨˩ cɪj˨˩˦]

From chò (“Parashorea”). The second element is of uncertain origin.


hồng táo

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ taːw˧˦]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ taːw˨˩˦]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ taːw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 紅棗 (“red jujube”).

(botany) red date; Chinese jujube; Chinese date (of the species Ziziphus jujuba)


dầu giun

[jəw˨˩ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

Dysphania ambrosioides
Dysphania ambrosioides#Translingual

Jesuit's tea; Mexican-tea (Dysphania ambrosioides)


nguyệt quế

[ŋwiət̚˧˨ʔ kwe˧˦]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩ʔ kwej˨˩˦]

[ŋwiək̚˨˩˨ wej˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 月桂, composed of 月 (“moon”) and 桂 (“cinnamon”).

vòng nguyệt quế


dẽ giun

[zɛ˦ˀ˥ zun˧˧]

[jɛ˨˩˦ jʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

genus Gallinago (of the family Scolopacidae)


ớt chỉ thiên

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, cây) ớt chỉ thiên

[ʔəːt̚˧˦ t͡ɕi˧˩ tʰiən˧˧]

[ʔəːk̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕɪj˧˨ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔəːk̚˦˥ cɪj˨˩˦ tʰiəŋ˧˧]

ớt (“chili”) + chỉ thiên (“skyward”), calque of Chinese 指天椒 (facing heaven pepper).

cal

facing heaven pepper
w:en:facing heaven pepper

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual


một con ngựa đau, cả tàu bỏ cỏ

(literal) when a single horse falls ill, the whole stable stops eating


ăn quả nhớ kẻ trồng cây

[ʔan˧˧ kwaː˧˩ ɲəː˧˦ kɛ˧˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ kwaː˧˨ ɲəː˨˩˦ kɛ˧˨ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˩ kəj˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ waː˨˩˦ ɲəː˦˥ kɛ˨˩˦ ʈəwŋ͡m˨˩ kəj˧˧]

(literal) to eat fruit and remember who planted the tree


dã tràng

[zaː˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩]

[jaː˧˨ ʈaːŋ˦˩]

[jaː˨˩˦ ʈaːŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 冶 (“to smelt”) and 長 (“constantly”).

vi-etym-sino

sand-bubbler crab (especially of the family Dotillidae)


bầu hồ lô

trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
cây (classifier)

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ho˨˩ lo˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ how˦˩ low˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ how˨˩ low˧˧]

bầu (“gourd”) + hồ lô (“calabash bottle”). See 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd”).

com

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#English

a bottle gourd; calabash (Lagenaria siceraria)


bòng bong

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, cây) bòng bong • (𣠑𤂧)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𣠑𤂧 (CJK)

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔɓɔŋ˦˩ ʔɓɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓawŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓawŋ͡m˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 蓬蓬 (“overgrown; unkempt”, SV: bồng bông).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bồng bông</i>

vi-etym-sino

(by extension) any climbing ferns the genus Lygodium


chòi mòi

[t͡ɕɔj˨˩ mɔj˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔj˦˩ mɔj˦˩]

[cɔj˨˩ mɔj˨˩]

chòi (“to emerge”) + mòi (“air bubble underwater”).


cải xanh

[kaːj˧˨ sɛɲ˧˧]

brown mustard; Indian mustard (plant of the species Brassica juncea)


bìm bìm

vi-noun

(classifier quả, trái, hoa, cây) bìm bìm • (𦹴𦹴)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𦹴𦹴 (CJK)

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓim˨˩]

[ʔɓim˦˩ ʔɓim˦˩]

[ʔɓim˨˩ ʔɓim˨˩]

a plant of the family Convolvulaceae (especially bindweed or morning glory)


bìm nắp

(classifier quả, trái, hoa, cây) bìm nắp • (𦹴𠖘)

quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
hoa (classifier)
cây (classifier)
𦹴𠖘 (CJK)

[ʔɓim˨˩ nap̚˧˦]

[ʔɓim˦˩ nap̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓim˨˩ nap̚˦˥]

Operculina turpethum
Wikispecies:Operculina turpethum


đậu dải áo

head

đậu dải áo • (豆𦄂𬡢)

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩ ʔaːw˧˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨ ʔaːw˨˩˦]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦ ʔaːw˦˥]


đậu dải

đậu dải • (豆𦄂)

[ʔɗəw˧˨ʔ zaːj˧˩]

[ʔɗəw˨˩ʔ jaːj˧˨]

[ʔɗəw˨˩˨ jaːj˨˩˦]

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual


yến sào

[ʔiən˧˦ saːw˨˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˧˥ ʂaːw˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˧˥ saːw˦˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˥ ʂaːw˨˩]

[ʔiəŋ˦˥ saːw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 燕巢 (“swallow's nest”).


cá ngừ

[kaː˧˦ ŋɨ˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ŋɨ˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ŋɨ˨˩]


hải tượng

[haːj˧˩ tɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˧˨ tɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˨˩˦ tɨəŋ˨˩˨]


cá nược

[kaː˧˦ nɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ nɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ nɨək̚˨˩˨]


voi biển

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiən˧˩]

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˧˨]

[vɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

[jɔj˧˧ ʔɓiəŋ˨˩˦]

voi (“elephant”) + biển (“sea”). Calque of Chinese 海象 (hǎixiàng).


khổng tước

[xəwŋ͡m˧˩ tɨək̚˧˦]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˧˨ tɨək̚˦˧˥]

[kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ tɨək̚˦˥]

[xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ tɨək̚˦˥]


bọ chó

[ʔɓɔ˧˨ʔ t͡ɕɔ˧˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ʔ t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩˨ cɔ˦˥]


bầu sao

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)

[ʔɓəw˨˩ saːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ ʂaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˦˩ saːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ ʂaːw˧˧]

[ʔɓəw˨˩ saːw˧˧]

a mottled bottle gourd; long opo squash (a kind of gourd that tends to have light spots)


thiên điểu

[tʰiən˧˧ ʔɗiəw˧˩]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiw˧˨]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiw˨˩˦]


nguyên cám

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˧˥]

[ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˥]


dương xỉ

[zɨəŋ˧˧ si˧˩]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˨]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ sɪj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 羊 (“sheep”) and 齒 (“tooth”), apparently a rather recent borrowing from Mandarin.
Earlier terms for "fern" are đuôi chồn, lit. "weasel tail" and quán trọng (貫仲), as listed in Dictionarium latino-anamiticum (1838) for Latin filix. In Đại Nam Quấc âm tự vị (1895), quán trọng is defined as "medicinal ingredient" (vị thuốc).


bấc

It is not clear which was the original sense, although it is obvious they are of the same etymology. Compare Chinese 燈心草／灯心草 (dēngxīncǎo, “rush”) and 燈芯／灯芯 (dēngxīn, “wick”).

Juncus effusus
Juncus effusus#Translingual


gà qué

[ɣaː˨˩ kwɛ˧˦]

[ɣaː˦˩ kwɛ˨˩˦]

[ɣaː˨˩ wɛ˦˥]

gà + qué, probably a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雞 (“chicken”, SV: kê).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kê</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) chicken (generally speaking)


khọn

(obsolete) (South Central Vietnam) monkey


mãng xà

[maːŋ˦ˀ˥ saː˨˩]

[maːŋ˧˨ saː˦˩]

[maːŋ˨˩˦ saː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 蟒蛇, composed of 蟒 (“python”) and 蛇 (“snake”). The mythological sense is probably a Vietnamese innovation.

a kind of giant, monstrous, wicked snake or serpent in Vietnamese folklore


ong khoái

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɔŋ˧˧ xwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˦˥]

ong + khoái; the second element is from Proto-Vietic *kweːʔ, borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language. Cognate with Chut [Rục] kwiː³, Chepang क्वाय्, Drung kua, Manipuri ꯈꯣꯏ (khoʼi) (the latter three inherited from a common ST root). The initial velar shows irregular aspiration.


ngũ sắc

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ sak̚˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ ʂak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˧˨ sak̚˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ ʂak̚˦˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ sak̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五色, composed of 五 (“five”) and 色 (“color”).


lục súc

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 六畜, composed of 六 (“six”) and 畜 (“raise animals”).

the six domestic animals: horse (ngựa), ox (bò), goat (dê), pig (heo/lợn), dog (chó) and fowl (gà)


cá sộp

head

cá sộp • (𩵜𩻒)

[kaː˧˦ sop̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʂop̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˨˩˦ sop̚˨˩ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ ʂop̚˨˩˨]

[kaː˦˥ sop̚˨˩˨]


dế mèn

[jej˨˩˦ mɛŋ˦˩]

[jej˦˥ mɛŋ˨˩]


cá kèo

[kaː˧˦ kɛw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kɛw˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kɛw˨˩]


mực khổng lồ

[mɨk̚˧˨ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˩ lo˨˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ kʰəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩ʔ xəwŋ͡m˧˨ low˦˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ kʰəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩]

[mɨk̚˨˩˨ xəwŋ͡m˨˩˦ low˨˩]

giant squid, any of the very large squid, of the genus Architeuthis (family Architeuthidae)


cá cờ

[kaː˧˦ kəː˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ kəː˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ kəː˨˩]


gà gô

[ɣaː˨˩ ɣo˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ɣow˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ɣow˧˧]


ăn ong

[ʔan˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]


gà ri

[ɣaː˨˩ zi˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʐɪj˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ɹɪj˧˧]


củ từ

[kʊw˧˨ tɨ˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩˦ tɨ˨˩]

Dioscorea esculenta
Dioscorea esculenta#Translingual


khoai từ

[kʰwaːj˧˧ tɨ˦˩]

[kʰwaːj˧˧ tɨ˨˩]


chó xù

[t͡ɕɔ˧˦ su˨˩]

[t͡ɕɔ˨˩˦ sʊw˦˩]

[cɔ˦˥ sʊw˨˩]


đăng tiêu hoa to

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiəw˧˧ hwaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiw˧˧ hwaː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

[ʔɗaŋ˧˧ tiw˧˧ waː˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine (Campsis grandiflora)


sâm cầm

[səm˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[ʂəm˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[səm˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[ʂəm˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[səm˧˧ kəm˨˩]


se sẻ

[ʂɛ˧˧ ʂɛ˨˩˦]

[sɛ˧˧ sɛ˨˩˦]

Reduplication of sẻ; see there for more.


sơn ca

[səːn˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ kaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山歌, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 歌 (“to sing”).

vi-etym-sino

(zoology) Oriental skylark (Alauda gulgula)


cá trắm

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕam˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈam˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʈam˦˥]

Ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella

(zoology) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

(zoology) black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)


muỗm

2017, H.T., "Thềm nhà có nắng (The Veranda's Floor with Sunshine)", Báo Giao Thông (Transportation and Traffic Newspaper)

The fields of her whole childhood were deeply imprinted with, who knows, how many memories: from those days in harvest times when she followed her mother's footsteps out into those fields to catch, roast, and eat plump, fatty bush-crickets; when she waited for the exact moment when the freshly-threshed rice-stalks had just been turned into heaps of fragrant straws for her to jump on and roll in along with other children.

Cánh đồng cả tuổi thơ cô in hằn biết bao kỷ niệm, từ những ngày mùa gặt theo chân mẹ ra đồng bắt những con muỗm béo ngậy nướng ăn, chờ những đống lúa tuốt xong là nhảy lên đống rơm mới thơm nức lăn lộn cùng lũ trẻ.


muỗm

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
檬 (CJK)

“Cây Muỗm (The Horse Mango Tree)”, sung to the tune of ឱស្វាយចន្ទី (ʼaô svaay cantii), 1997 performance by Trúc Linh
Trông lên trên cây muỗm xanh um tùm quả sai trên đó.
Ngày mai vui tươi tôi rủ bạn tôi tới cây nô đùa.
Tôi lên trên cây hái nhanh cho nhiều quả tặng người đây.
Bạn ăn mê say riêng loại quả ngon muỗm sai nơi này.
I look up at the lush green horse mango tree abounding with fruits.
On the joyful morrow, I'll invite my friends to come and play underneath it.
I'll climb up that tree to quickly pluck its many fruits as gifts for them.
My friends will enjoy eating plenty of tasty horse mangoes only here.

Mangifera foetida, a species of flowering plants in the Mangifera (mango genus).


cá rô đồng

[kaː˧˦ zo˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʐow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kaː˦˥ ɹow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus#Translingual

(zoology) climbing perch (Anabas testudineus)


cá đối

[kaː˧˦ ʔɗoj˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɗoj˨˩˦]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɗoj˦˥]


cát cánh

[kaːt̚˧˦ kajŋ̟˧˦]

[kaːk̚˦˧˥ kɛɲ˦˧˥]

Platycodon grandiflorus
Platycodon grandiflorus#Translingual

Chinese bellflower, balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus)


tu-líp

[tʊw˧˧ lip̚˦˧˥]


phong lan

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[fɔŋ˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]

[fawŋ͡m˧˧ laːŋ˧˧]


râm bụt

[zəm˧˧ ʔɓut̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʐəm˧˧ ʔɓʊk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɹəm˧˧ ʔɓʊk͡p̚˨˩˨]

râm (“shady”) + Bụt (“Buddha”), roughly "to provide shades for the Buddha", due to the similar shape of the hibiscus flower to the traditional lọng.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

a flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus, especially the Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


thược dược

[tʰɨək̚˧˨ʔ zɨək̚˧˨ʔ]

[tʰɨək̚˨˩ʔ jɨək̚˨˩ʔ]

[tʰɨək̚˨˩˨ jɨək̚˨˩˨]


cẩm chướng

[kəm˧˩ t͡ɕɨəŋ˧˦]

[kəm˧˨ t͡ɕɨəŋ˦˧˥]

[kəm˨˩˦ cɨəŋ˦˥]

any plants, such as carnations and pinks, of the genus Dianthus


lay ơn

[laj˧˧ ʔəːn˧˧]

[laj˧˧ ʔəːŋ˧˧]

[la(ː)j˧˧ ʔəːŋ˧˧]


mộc lan

[məwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ laːn˧˧]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ laːŋ˧˧]

[məwk͡p̚˨˩˨ laːŋ˧˧]


hoa hiên

[hwaː˧˧ hiəŋ˧˧]

[waː˧˧ hiəŋ˧˧]

(botany) orange day-lily (Hemerocallis fulva)


hoa trà

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[hwaː˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[waː˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

hoa (花, “flower”) + trà (茶, “tea”), calque of Chinese 茶花 (cháhuā).


hoa chè

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕɛ˨˩]

[hwaː˧˧ t͡ɕɛ˦˩]

[waː˧˧ cɛ˨˩]

hoa (花, “flower”) + chè (茶, “tea”), calque of Chinese 茶花 (cháhuā).


vạn thọ

[vaːn˧˨ʔ tʰɔ˧˨ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩ʔ tʰɔ˨˩ʔ]

[vaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɔ˨˩˨]

[jaːŋ˨˩˨ tʰɔ˨˩˨]

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta#Translingual


hoa giấy

[hwaː˧˧ jəj˨˩˦]

[waː˧˧ jəj˦˥]


củ cải đường

head

củ cải đường

củ cải đường

vi-noun

củ cải đường

củ cải đường

[ku˧˩ kaːj˧˩ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]

[kʊw˧˨ kaːj˧˨ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩˦ kaːj˨˩˦ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩]


cải xoăn

[kaːj˨˩˦ s⁽ʷ⁾aŋ˧˧]


hoa bất tử

[hwaː˧˧ ʔɓət̚˧˦ tɨ˧˩]

[hwaː˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˧˥ tɨ˧˨]

[waː˧˧ ʔɓək̚˦˥ tɨ˨˩˦]


cá ba đuôi

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuəj˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗuj˧˧]

cá (“fish”) + ba (“three”) + đuôi (“tail”), so called because of the shape of caudal fin of varieties common in Vietnam.


chem chép

[t͡ɕɛm˧˧ t͡ɕɛp̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛm˧˧ t͡ɕɛp̚˦˧˥]

[cɛm˧˧ cɛp̚˦˥]


cỏ bợ

[kɔ˧˩ ʔɓəː˧˨ʔ]

[kɔ˧˨ ʔɓəː˨˩ʔ]

[kɔ˨˩˦ ʔɓəː˨˩˨]

European waterclover (Marsilea quadrifolia)


chàm quạp

[t͡ɕaːm˨˩ kwaːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[t͡ɕaːm˦˩ kwaːp̚˨˩ʔ]

[caːm˨˩ waːp̚˨˩˨]


nhảy cừu

[ɲaj˧˨ kɨw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kɨw˨˩]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + cừu (“sheep”).

af

(games) Synonym of nhảy ngựa (“to leapfrog”)


cún con

[kun˦˧˥ kɔŋ˧˧]

[kʊwŋ͡m˦˥ kɔŋ˧˧]


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + ngựa (“horse”).


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]


tép riu

[tɛp̚˦˧˥ ʐiw˧˧]

[tɛp̚˦˥ ɹiw˧˧]

Caridina flavilineata, a species of small shrimp


ba khía

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˧˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰiə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˨˩˦]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰiə˦˥]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ xiə˦˥]

A vernacular loan from a form of Chinese 蟛蜞 (SV: bành kì).


chàng bè

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[caːŋ˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

c. 3rd century BCE, Zhuangzi, Ch. 26; Vietnamese translation by Nguyễn Hiến Lê; English translation by Burton Watson
Con cá nào sợ con chàng bè thì không biết đề phòng cái lưới.

Fish do not [know enough to] fear a net, but only to fear pelicans.


trứng rán

[t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦ zaːn˧˦]

[ʈɨŋ˦˧˥ ʐaːŋ˦˧˥]

[ʈɨŋ˦˥ ɹaːŋ˦˥]


mâm xôi

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)

berries of the genus Rubus, especially the raspberry


cá trứng

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʈɨŋ˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ʈɨŋ˦˥]

(zoology) capelin, Mallotus villosus (a type of smelt found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans)


xoan

cây (classifier)
trái (classifier)
quả (classifier)
春 (CJK)

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual


cá mang rổ

[kaː˧˦ maːŋ˧˧ zo˧˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ maːŋ˧˧ ʐow˧˨]

[kaː˦˥ maːŋ˧˧ ɹow˨˩˦]


cù kì

[kʊw˦˩ kɪj˦˩]

[kʊw˨˩ kɪj˨˩]

stone crab; thunder crab (Myomenippe hardwickii)


ốc mượn hồn

[ʔəwk͡p̚˧˦ mɨən˧˨ʔ hon˨˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ mɨəŋ˨˩ʔ hoŋ˦˩]

[ʔəwk͡p̚˦˥ mɨəŋ˨˩˨ hoŋ˨˩]

ốc (“gastropods with spiral shell”) + mượn (“to borrow”) + hồn (“soul”).


hành tím

[hɛɲ˦˩ tim˦˧˥]

Allium ascalonicum
Allium ascalonicum#Translingual


khuynh diệp

[xwïŋ̟˧˧ ziəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[kʰwɨn˧˧ jiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[xwɨn˧˧ jiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[kʰwɨn˧˧ jip̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 傾 (“to lean, to tilt”) and 葉 (“leaf”).


gòn

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
棍 (CJK)

Unclear. The word is not Sino-Vietnamese and ⟨g/gh⟩ is also not a possible initial in Sino-Vietnamese proper, therefore the word might be either native, a vernacular Sinitic loan (either from a regional Sinitic language or is an early, pre-Middle Chinese loan), or a loan from another neighboring language. The Nôm character 棍, as with many other cases, is merely a character formed by phono-semantic matching.
The word might (but unlikely) be the second element in the placename Sài Gòn.


bông giấy

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ zəj˧˦]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˨˩˦]

[ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ jəj˦˥]

Bông giấy ngũ sắc có 5 màu: đỏ, hồng, cam, trắng, tím; là loài dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh, chịu hạn tốt, phù hợp với khí hậu nhiệt đới. Cây siêng ra hoa quanh năm và có thể cắt tỉa, uốn sửa theo nhiều dáng thế khác nhau.

2021, Thành Hiệp, “Thêm một vườn hoa đón du khách check-in (Another flower garden invites tourists to check-in)”, Cần Thơ News Online:

Five-colored bougainvilleas are either red-, pink-, orange-, white-, or purple-colored; [bougainvillea] is a species easy to grow, rarely susceptible to pests and diseases, and drought-tolerant, thus fitting for the tropical climate. These plants bloom all year round and can be trimmed and bent into a variety of shapes and poses.


vành khuyên

[vɛɲ˦˩ kʰwiəŋ˧˧]

[vɛɲ˦˩ xwiəŋ˧˧]


con vật

[kɔn˧˧ vət̚˧˨ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ vək̚˨˩˨]

[kɔŋ˧˧ jək̚˨˩˨]

con + vật. Likely started out as a noun phrase, but has become lexicalized.


bò vẽ

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ vɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

Element bò is a variant of vò (“wasp (obsolete)”); element vẽ'’s meaning is obscure.

Vespa affinis
Vespa affinis#Translingual

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


vò vẽ

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

From vò (“wasp (obsolete)”) + vẽ, whose meaning is obscure.

(Northern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


nhệch

Northern Vietnam form of lệch (“eel of the genus Pisodonophis”)


chim non

[t͡ɕim˧˧ nɔn˧˧]

[t͡ɕim˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

[cim˧˧ nɔŋ˧˧]

chim (“bird”) + non (“young; tender; premature”).

com

(zoology) chick; birdie; fledgling; nestling


dã thú

[zaː˦ˀ˥ tʰu˧˦]

[jaː˧˨ tʰʊw˨˩˦]

[jaː˨˩˦ tʰʊw˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 野獸, composed of 野 (“wild”) and 獸 (“beast”).

vi-etym-sino

trường phái dã thú

Thì ra, dưới cái bình phong lòe loẹt, cốt lòe người kia, chúng hiện nguyên hình là những con dã thú. Vì là dã thú mới có thể ăn thịt đồng loại, ăn thịt một cách nghệ thuật và cảm thụ được niềm vui của hành động táng tận lương tâm.

1999, Lê Bảo, THƠ VIỆT NAM - TÁC GIẢ, TÁC PHẨM, LỜI BÌNH [VIETNAMESE POETRY: POETS, POEMS AND COMMENTARY], Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục:

It turned out, behind the garish screen of deception, their true colors are those of beasts. Being beasts, they had no qualms about cannibalizing their own ilk, eating them artistically, while relishing the joy of their depravity.


chíp chíp

[t͡ɕip̚˧˦ t͡ɕip̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕip̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕip̚˦˧˥]

undulate venus, Paratapes undulatus, Paphia undulata


sò lụa

[sɔ˨˩ luə˧˨ʔ]

[ʂɔ˦˩ luə˨˩ʔ]

[sɔ˦˩ luə˨˩ʔ]

[ʂɔ˨˩ luə˨˩˨]

[sɔ˨˩ luə˨˩˨]


đại mạch

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ majk̟̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ mat̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ mat̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 大麥, composed of 大 (“large”) and 麥 (“wheat”), from Chinese 大麥／大麦 (dàmài). Compare Japanese 大麦 (ōmugi).

Coordinate term: tiểu mạch


hèo

The sense "stroke" is derived from the usage of these species of palms as canes and sticks used in corporal punishment of criminals.

certain species of palms, especially those in the genus Rhapis


kiến ba khoang

[kiən˧˦ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˧˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ kʰwaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˦˥ ʔɓaː˧˧ xwaːŋ˧˧]

kiến (“ant”) + ba (“three”) + khoang (“ring”).


nai sừng tấm

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˨˩ təm˧˦]

[naːj˧˧ ʂɨŋ˦˩ təm˦˧˥]

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˦˩ təm˦˧˥]

[naːj˧˧ ʂɨŋ˨˩ təm˦˥]

[naːj˧˧ sɨŋ˨˩ təm˦˥]

nai (“sambar deer”) + sừng (“horn”) + tấm (“classifier for flat things”).


rau nhút

[ʐaw˧˧ ɲʊk̚˦˧˥]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ ɲʊk͡p̚˦˥]

(botany) the water mimosa, Neptunia oleracea


cua đồng

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[kuə˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

(zoology) Somanniathelphusa sinensis, a species of freshwater crabs


mai vàng

cây (classifier)
bông (classifier)
hoa (classifier)

→ English: yellow mai (calque)

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˦˩]

[maːj˧˧ vaːŋ˨˩]

[maːj˧˧ jaːŋ˨˩]


chuối tiêu

[t͡ɕuəj˧˦ tiəw˧˧]

chuối (“banana”) + tiêu, Sino-Vietnamese word from 蕉 (“banana”).


Nê-an-đéc-tan

[ne˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˧˦ taːn˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˧˥ taːŋ˧˧]

[nej˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥ taːŋ˧˧]

người Nê-an-đéc-tan

Homo neanderthalensis
Homo neanderthalensis#Translingual

Neanderthal (a specimen of the now extinct species Homo neanderthalensis)


chi sau

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ ʂaw˧˧]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ saw˧˧]


chi trước

[t͡ɕi˧˧ t͡ɕɨək̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɪj˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˧˥]

[cɪj˧˧ ʈɨək̚˦˥]


cá thiều

[kaː˧˦ tʰiəw˨˩]

[kaː˨˩˦ tʰiw˦˩]

Netuma thalassina
Netuma thalassina#Translingual


rau càng cua

[zaw˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ kuə˧˧]

[ʐaw˧˧ kaːŋ˦˩ kuə˧˧]

[ɹa(ː)w˧˧ kaːŋ˨˩ kuə˧˧]

rau (“leaf vegetable”) + càng (“pincer”) + cua (“crab”).

(botany) pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida)


rạn san hô

[ʐaːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂaːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ʐaːŋ˨˩ʔ saːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ɹaːŋ˨˩˨ ʂaːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]

[ɹaːŋ˨˩˨ saːŋ˧˧ how˧˧]


cá bông lau

[kaː˧˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ law˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ law˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔɓəwŋ͡m˧˧ la(ː)w˧˧]

cá (“fish”) + bông lau.
The Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895) defined bông lau as "Vẻ xen lộn có đen có trắng; bông cây lau" ("the appearance is a mix of black and white; reed flowers"). The intended sense is likely the first one, thus probably "black-and-white fish".

Pangasius krempfi
Pangasius krempfi#Translingual

a type of shark catfish, Pangasius krempfi


lúa nước

[luə˧˦ nɨək̚˧˦]

[luə˨˩˦ nɨək̚˦˧˥]

[luə˦˥ nɨək̚˦˥]


nấm mối

[nəm˦˧˥ moj˨˩˦]


chàng hiu

[t͡ɕaːŋ˨˩ hiw˧˧]

[t͡ɕaːŋ˦˩ hiw˧˧]


thiên lí

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ lɪj˨˩˦]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ lɪj˦˥]

(obsolete, literary) rules of nature; laws of nature; natural law


điên điển

[ʔɗiən˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


điên điển

[ʔɗiən˧˧ ʔɗiən˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˧˧ ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˦]


gấu Bắc Cực

[ɣəw˧˦ ʔɓak̚˧˦ kɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣəw˨˩˦ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣəw˦˥ ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɨk̚˨˩˨]

Ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus#Translingual

white bear, polar bear (Ursus maritimus)


dây thường xuân

[zəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ swən˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˦˩ swəŋ˧˧]

[jəj˧˧ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]

the common ivy, Hedera helix, an evergreen vine known for its hardiness and often seen in gardens and walls; also known as English ivy, European ivy


trúc đào

[t͡ɕʊwk͡p̚˧˦ ʔɗaːw˨˩]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ʔɗaːw˦˩]

[ʈʊwk͡p̚˦˥ ʔɗaːw˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 竹 and 桃, from a shortening of Sinitic 夾竹桃 (SV: giáp trúc đào).

Nerium oleander
Nerium oleander#Translingual

the oleander, Nerium oleander, a poisonous shrub often grown as an ornamental plant


ngô đồng

[ŋo˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ŋow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ŋow˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

the Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana simplex), a large tree with lightweight wood often used to make the soundboards of instruments like the guzheng and guqin etc.


chanh chách

[t͡ɕajŋ̟˧˧ t͡ɕajk̟̚˧˦]

[t͡ɕɛɲ˧˧ t͡ɕat̚˦˧˥]

Onomatopoeic, from the sound they make.
Seems to distribute in the northern portion of coastal Northern Vietnam, particularly Hải Phòng and Quảng Ninh.

(certain coastal dialects of Northern Vietnam) common house gecko


cá ông chuông

[kaː˧˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˨˩˦ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ t͡ɕuəŋ˧˧]

[kaː˦˥ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ cuəŋ˧˧]


tóc tiên

[tawk͡p̚˦˧˥ tiəŋ˧˧]

麥門冬矩襟𩯀仙

"Màiméndōng" is the tuberous root of the dwarf lilyturf.

(by extension) pink rain lily, Zephyranthes rosea


chồn hôi

[t͡ɕoŋ˦˩ hoj˧˧]

chồn (“weasel”) + hôi (“stinky, smelly”).


mận bắc

[mən˧˨ʔ ʔɓak̚˧˦]

[məŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓak̚˦˧˥]

[məŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓak̚˦˥]

mận (“plum”) + bắc (“North”), so named because within Vietnam, it is only grown in the Northern region.

(Southern Vietnam) Prunus salicina, the Chinese plum or Japanese plum


cá nóc mít

[kaː˨˩˦ nawk͡p̚˦˧˥ mit̚˦˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ nawk͡p̚˦˥ mɨt̚˦˥]

cá nóc (“tetraodontiform”) + mít (“jackfruit”).

Somphong's puffer, Carinotetraodon lorteti


cá chốt

[kaː˧˦ t͡ɕot̚˧˦]

[kaː˨˩˦ t͡ɕok̚˦˧˥]

certain bagrid, chiefly in the genera Mystus and Pseudomystus


sặt

certain species of bamboos, especially the Asian species sometimes included in the genus Arundinaria


dù dì

[jʊw˦˩ jɪj˦˩]

[jʊw˨˩ jɪj˨˩]


kì tôm

Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus)


sâu đo

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[ʂəw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]

[səw˧˧ ʔɗɔ˧˧]


ngũ cốc nguyên cám

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ kəwk͡p̚˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧ kaːm˧˦]

[ŋʊw˧˨ kəwk͡p̚˦˧˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˧˥]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ kəwk͡p̚˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧ kaːm˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngũ cốc nguyên cám.wav


bồ hòn

[ʔɓo˨˩ hɔn˨˩]

[ʔɓow˦˩ hɔŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓow˨˩ hɔŋ˨˩]

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vô hoạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 無患 (SV: vô hoạn)

Thương nhau củ ấu cũng tròn, ghét nhau thì quả bồ hòn cũng vuông.

If we care for one another, even water caltrops are round; if we hate each other, even the western soapberry fruit is square.


kết trái

Chinese 結／结 + trái (“fruit”), partial calque of Chinese 結果／结果 (kết quả)

pcal

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kết quả</i>

đâm hoa/bông kết trái

(slightly literary) Synonym of ra trái; ra quả (“to bear fruit”)


móng huyền

[mawŋ͡m˦˧˥ hwiəŋ˦˩]

[mɔŋ˦˧˥ hwiəŋ˦˩]

[mawŋ͡m˦˥ wiəŋ˨˩]

Partial calque of Chinese 懸蹄／悬蹄 (huyền đề, literally “hanging digit/hoof/claw”).


quả mọng

[kwaː˧˨ mɔŋ˨˩ʔ]

[waː˨˩˦ mawŋ͡m˨˩˨]


táo mèo

[taːw˨˩˦ mɛw˦˩]

táo (“apple, jujube, date”) + mèo (“cat”)

com

fruit of Docynia, sometimes calqued as "cat apple"


nai cà tông

[naːj˧˧ kaː˨˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[naːj˧˧ kaː˦˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

[naːj˧˧ kaː˨˩ təwŋ͡m˧˧]

From nai (“deer”) + cà tông (uncertain, probably a corruption of cà tong).


mắc khén

[mak̚˦˧˥ kʰɛŋ˦˧˥]

[mak̚˦˧˥ xɛŋ˦˧˥]

[mak̚˦˥ kʰɛŋ˦˥]

[mak̚˦˥ xɛŋ˦˥]

Borrowed from a Tai language. Compare Thai มะแขว่น (má-kwɛ̀ɛn).

cog

Thai มะแขว่น (má-kwɛ̀ɛn)


sâng

cây (classifier)
quả (classifier)
lá (classifier)


dổi

various plants of the superseded genus Michelia, which plants are now in species of Magnolia.