馬

chữ Hán form of mã (“(xiangqi, chess) a knight; any piece labeled with 馬 (black)”).


be

lấy tay be miệng đấu khi đong đỗ

to surround the top of a measure with one's hands while measuring beans

Đong bình thường, không được be đâu đấy.

Measure it out normally; don't prop up the lip of the sack.

To prop up the lip of a sack while topping off the sack, to ensure a more generous quantity.


午

ngọ (Hán-Nôm)
ngỏ (Hán-Nôm)
ngõ (Hán-Nôm)

chữ Hán form of Ngọ (“seventh of the twelve earthly branches”).


le

Nam Giao cổ kim lý hạng ca dao chú giải 南交古金里巷歌謠註解 ("Old and new folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys in Nanjiao, annotated and explained"), 151a
𡥵𪅆奴𣵰𡥵𪂮奴𱝩
Con le nó lặn; con cò nó bay.
The lesser whistling duck dives; the stork flies.

lesser whistling duck
lesser whistling duck


bò

From Proto-Vietic *bɔː (“zebu; bovine”). Probably ultimately of imitative origin.
Compare Vietnamese ụm bò (“moo”) and items such as Malay lembu, Khmu [Cuang] lmboʔ and Cebuano amba, which are superficially similar but lack straightforward correspondence with the Vietnamese word.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-bò.wav

nuôi bò

chăn bò

thịt bò

bò vàng phương Nam

bò sữa


râu

head

𫘼, 𩭶, 𩅺, 𩯁, 鬍

vi-noun

𫘼, 𩭶, 𩅺, 𩯁, 鬍

bộ (classifier)
𫘼 (CJK)
𩭶 (CJK)
𩅺 (CJK)
𩯁 (CJK)
鬍 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *-soː, from Old Chinese 鬚 (OC *C-[s.n]o) (B-S) (SV: tu). Cognate with Muong thô. Doublet of tua.

vuốt râu hùm

to mess around with someone powerful or dangerous (literally, “to rub a tiger's whiskers”)

(by extension, of another mammal) whiskers

Râu tôm nấu với ruột bầu.
Chồng chan vợ húp gật đầu khen ngon.
A broth of shrimp antennae and gourd core.
The man scoops it, the woman slurps it, both nod in satisfaction.

(by extension, of an arthropod) antennae


bê

thịt bê


hí

head

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)

vi-int

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)


hí

head

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)

vi-verb

hí • (咥, 唏, 嘻)


bì

Sino-Vietnamese word from 皮 (“skin”).
For a parallel where a Sino-Vietnamese item acquires cookery denotation, see huyết (“blood curd”) (vs. native máu (“blood”)). For a reverse case, compare Sino-Vietnamese não vs. native óc.


gà

head

鷄, 雞, 猗, 鵸, 𤠄, 𪂮, 𪃴, 𪃿

gà • (鷄, 雞, 猗, 鵸, 𤠄, 𪂮, 𪃴, 𪃿)

vi-noun

鷄, 雞, 猗, 鵸, 𤠄, 𪂮, 𪃴, 𪃿

(classifier con) gà • (鷄, 雞, 猗, 鵸, 𤠄, 𪂮, 𪃴, 𪃿)

con (classifier)
鷄 (CJK)
雞 (CJK)
猗 (CJK)
鵸 (CJK)
𤠄 (CJK)
𪂮 (CJK)
𪃴 (CJK)
𪃿 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-gà.wav

From Proto-Vietic *r-kaː. Cognate with Muong Bi ca, Thavung กา. Compare Khmer រកា (rɔɔrɔkaa, “Year of the Rooster”).
The sense of "inexperienced" comes from a ranking in the video game Gunbound.

quote-web

2021 June 14, Mặt Trứng, “Phá đảo, gà, ra chợ và nguồn gốc của những thuật ngữ mà chỉ các game thủ thế hệ 8-9x mới hiểu được”, in GameK.vn:
Thế nên, ở thời điểm bấy giờ, nếu như gặp phải một đối thủ có hình "gà con" trong game, đa số người chơi đều mặc định luôn đó là những gã có kỹ năng tệ hại, và từ đó, thuật ngữ gà ra đời.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

gà chọi

Khôn ngoan đối đáp người ngoài.
Gà cùng một mẹ chớ hoài đá nhau.
If you think you're so smart, engage outsiders.
We're chicks who share a mother, so don't fight each other.


gà

Gà lần nào cũng thua thì đánh làm gì.

Every time you/they up the ante, you/they lose, so why bother?

Để em nó tự làm toán, anh đừng gà cho nó.

Let him/her solve the math problem on his/her own; don't give the answer away.

to give away an answer (e.g., to a math exercise)


nái

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 巴乃 (MC pae nojX) (modern SV: ba nãi).

lợn/heo nái

(of a livestock mammal, usually a pig) female and kept for breeding


ô

The name of the Latin-script letter Ô/ô.


ô

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


ô

Khớp con ngựa ngựa ô. / Ngựa ô anh khớp, anh khớp cái kiệu vàng

(Can we date this quote?), “Lí ngựa ô [Ballad of the Black Horse]”:

Bridling a black horse. / The black horse he bridled, he bridled with a golden litter.

Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp ! Khớp con ngựa ô, ngựa ô, ngựa ô!

(Can we date this quote?), Trần Tiến (lyrics and music), “Ngựa ô thương nhớ [Black Horse of Longing]”:

Bridle! Bridle! Bridle the black horse! The black horse! The black horse!


ô

ô trống

a blank (space to be filled in on a form or template)


mã

1915: Phan Kế Bính, "Tang ma" [Obsequies], Việt Nam phong tục [Vietnamese customs]

Some households burn joss paper at the house, while others burn it at the temple.

Nhà thì đốt mã tại gia, nhà thì đốt mã tại chùa.

đốt mã


cám

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːmʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *skaamʔ (Shorto). Cognate with Pacoh acam, Bolyu qam⁵³, Mon ကာံ (kam), Riang kʰɑm¹.

Cám lợn chẳng có gì phức tạp. Lợn là loài ăn tạp, cái gì cũng ăn.

There's nothing complicated about pigswill. They're omnivores, they eat anything.

Cho cổ đồ thừa để cổ nấu cám heo.

Give her the leftovers so she can cook some pigswill.


cám

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 感 (SV: cảm).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">cảm</i>

vi-etym-sino

(only in compounds) to be moved with compassion; to feel pity


vịt

con (classifier)
鴨 (CJK)
𩿠 (CJK)
𪆧 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *viːt (“duck”).
Alves (2015) suggests a Proto-Tai origin. Compare Proto-Tai *pitᴰ, and Proto-Hlai *ɓit, Proto-Ong-Be *ɓitD1.

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vịt.wav

duck (aquatic bird of the family Anatidae)


vịt

The fact that the shape of the vessel resembles a duck. Semantically, compare ngỗng.

vịt dầu

vịt nước mắm


heo

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hào</i>

vi-etym-sino

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 豪 (SV: hào)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) a pig (mammal of genus Sus)


cừu

Sino-Vietnamese word from 裘 (“fur coat”). Semantically parallel to chiên (“lamb, young sheep (archaic)”) from 氈 (“felt (textile material)”).

cừu cái

cừu đực

áo lông cừu


như nước đổ đầu vịt

head

như nước đổ đầu vịt

vi-phrase

như nước đổ đầu vịt

[ɲɨ˧˧ nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗo˧˩ ʔɗəw˨˩ vit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɲɨ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˧˥ ʔɗow˧˨ ʔɗəw˦˩ vit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɲɨ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ vɨt̚˨˩˨]

[ɲɨ˧˧ nɨək̚˦˥ ʔɗow˨˩˦ ʔɗəw˨˩ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

like water off a duck's back
like water off a duck's back

(figurative) like water off a duck's back.


chiên

Sino-Vietnamese word from 氈 (“felt (textile material)”). Semantically parallel to cừu (“sheep”) from 裘 (“fur coat”).

vi-etym-sino

[…] nhất thời không sao hiểu được, ngồi xếp bằng xuống tấm nệm lông chiên dưới đất.

2005, chapter 37, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

[…] for the moment he had no way of understanding it; he sat down cross-legged onto the sheepskin cushion on the ground.

(archaic, now only in compounds) lamb; young sheep


chiên

Tấm đắp duy nhất của cụ là một chiếc chăn chiên, lâu ngày những sợi bông rụng dần, còn lại chủ yếu là những sợi chỉ, căng lên trông như mắt lưới.

2009, Bùi Thanh Minh, chapter 3, in Cõi đời hư thực, NXB Hà Nội:

His only cover was an imitation fur blanket; the cotton fiber had started coming loose a long time ago and what was left was mostly thread: spread out it looked like a net.


trâu

con (classifier)
𤛠 (CJK)
𬌥 (CJK)
㺏 (CJK)
𤠋 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *c-luː. Cognate with North Central Vietnamese tru, Muong tlu, Old Mon jlow (“ox, bull, cattle”) (whence Mon ဂၠဴ, Nyah Kur chǝlòw), Mang løː⁶ and Phong-Kniang jlǝːw.
Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese tlâu in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). The modern North Central forms are not reflexes of this form, but descended from an unattested non-Northern Middle Vietnamese form.
Khmer ឆ្លូវ (chləw, “Year of the Ox”) was borrowed from a Vietic variety, and thus is not an inherited cognate of the terms listed above.

tâu

certain coastal Northern dialects, endangered

tu

certain coastal North Central dialects, endangered

dialects with /ʈ/-/t/ merger, no diphthongization


鴻毛

(literal, archaic, poetic, collective) bean goose feathers

chữ Hán form of hồng mao.
bean goose feathers

(mythology) one of the nine groups of hair of the mane of the horse that Sơn Tinh offered the reigning Hùng king to propose to his princess


ngựa

con (classifier)
thớt (classifier)
馭 (CJK)

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-ngựa.wav

From Proto-Vietic *m-ŋəːʔ. See also Chinese 午 (wǔ, “7th earthly branch; horse in the Chinese zodiac”).
The adjectival sense "sexually promiscuous, lecherous" (whence sense "appearance-obsessed, ostentatious") originates from the comparison of sexually promiscuous, lecherous people, especially women, to horses, as seen in - for instances: Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị, Dictionnaire Annamite-Français (1898), the Huế's idiom "rượn như ngựa Thượng Tứ ('to rut like imperial horses')", which is used to mock women and girls who are deemed "rotten, of loose morals".

zh-l

(colloquial) Short for sức ngựa (“horsepower”).


thiên nga

[tʰiən˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰiəŋ˧˧ ŋaː˧˧]


ngỗng

con (classifier)
𪄌 (CJK)
鵝 (CJK)
𤞒 (CJK)

Blench (2014) proposes Proto-Austroasiatic quasi-reconstruction *h.ŋaŋ. Compare Pacoh angoung (“goose”) and Bahnar ngong (“goose”).


ong

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔːŋ (“honey bee”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔuŋ ~ *ʔuəŋ ~ *huŋ ~ *huəŋ (“wasp; hornet”). Cognate with Thavung ออง (“wasp”), Pacoh hong (“large bee, wasp”), Bahnar ong (“wasp”), Khmu ʔɔːŋ ("wasp"), Mon ဟိုၚ် (hang, “hornet”), Semelai hɔŋ ("hornet").
Attested as ao᷄ in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).


lợn rừng

[ləːn˧˨ʔ zɨŋ˨˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ ʐɨŋ˦˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ ɹɨŋ˨˩]

From lợn (“pig”) + rừng (“forest, jungle”).


lợn

Alves (2022) entertains the possibility of it being a borrowed from Old Chinese 豚 (OC *lˤu[n]ʔ) (B-S) (SV: đồn); the vowel correspondence, however, is hard to explain.

Đút tiền lì xì vào lợn đi con!

You should put that lì xì money into the piggy bank!


ổ

The letter ô with the hook above (dấu hỏi) to indicate a "mid-falling" tone (thanh hỏi) in its pronunciation.


cương

Audio (Hà Nội)


𤙭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 牛 (“bovine”) + phonetic 甫 (phủ).

Han compound

Nôm form of bò (“a Southern Yellow zebu (a bovine of the breed Feng cattle), (by extension) any bovine from the subtribe Bovina”).


Sửu

(dated) a unisex given name from Chinese


Ngọ

Sino-Vietnamese word from 午. Regular reading should be Ngỗ; compare regular reading ngỗ of 仵 (MC nguX), homophone of 午 (MC nguX) in Middle Chinese.

the seventh earthly branch represented by the Horse


Mùi

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mùi.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 未 (SV: vị). Some dictionaries (such as Thiều Chửu's) consider it as Sino-Vietnamese, but the huyền tone is unlikely to be derived from the Middle Chinese departing tone and ui is unlikely to be a Sino-Vietnamese rhyme, compared to the likely tone and rhyme in vị. See also Tí, Mẹo, Thìn, Ngọ.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">vị</i>

vi-etym-sino

the eighth earthly branch represented by the Goat in Vietnam and by the Sheep in China


Dậu

the tenth earthly branch represented by the Rooster


Hợi

the twelfth earthly branch represented by the Pig


gáy

From Proto-Vietic *t-giːʔ; cognate with Sách təki:⁴.
Attested as gấy in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).


nghé

head

犠, 猊, 霓, 麑, 𤚇, 𤛞

vi-noun

犠, 猊, 霓, 麑, 𤚇, 𤛞

(classifier con) nghé • (犠, 猊, 霓, 麑, 𤚇, 𤛞)

con (classifier)
犠 (CJK)
猊 (CJK)
霓 (CJK)
麑 (CJK)
𤚇 (CJK)
𤛞 (CJK)

Compare Thai แหง่ and Chinese 牛 (MC ngjuw) (and its cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages), which are all possibly of ultimately imitative origin.

water buffalo calf
water buffalo calf#English


gà công nghiệp

[ɣaː˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋiəp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɣaː˦˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋiəp̚˨˩ʔ]

[ɣaː˨˩ kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋip̚˨˩˨]

gà (“chicken”) + công nghiệp (“industry”).

com

(figurative) a child who lacks common sense due to parental protectiveness


Bạch Dương

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bạch Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白羊 (“white sheep”).


Kim Ngưu

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

[kim˧˧ ŋɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Kim Ngưu.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金牛 (“golden bull”).


Ma Kết

[maː˧˧ ket̚˦˧˥]

[maː˧˧ kəːt̚˦˥]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Ma Kết.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 摩羯 (SV: Ma Yết, Ma Kiết)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">Ma Yết, Ma Kiết</i>


Nam Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南 (“south”) and 羊 (“caprid”). Compare Bắc Giải (“Cancer”, literally “northern crab”).

[naːm˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[naːm˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Dương.wav

(astronomy) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricornus”)


vịt giời

[vit̚˧˨ʔ zəːj˨˩]

[vit̚˨˩ʔ jəːj˦˩]

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ jəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ jəːj˨˩]

vịt (“duck”) + giời (“sky; celestial; heavenly”).

compound

Nhà tôi có năm con vịt giời.

Oh boy, I've got five little princesses.

(Northern Vietnam, humorous or disapproving) a daughter, whom a family may be disappointed to have because of patriarchy (that favors boys to take care of their immediate families and extended families, and to maintain their family names), or who may possess disapproved stereotypically feminine qualities such as talkativeness, whining and nagging that's likened to a duck's or goose's quacking


vịt trời

[vit̚˧˨ʔ t͡ɕəːj˨˩]

[vit̚˨˩ʔ ʈəːj˦˩]

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ ʈəːj˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vịt trời.wav

vịt (“duck”) + trời (“sky; wild of birds”), literally "wild duck". Compare Chinese 天 (tiān, “sky”) as in 天鵝 /天鹅 (thiên nga, “swan”, literally “sky goose”).

hai người đàn bà và một con vịt thành cái chợ

Nhà tôi có năm con vịt trời.

(humorous or disapproving) a daughter, with implied disappointment in the fact that she's a girl, or that she might have stereotypically disapproved feminine qualities such as nagging or loquacity


ngan

head

岸, 狺, 鴳, 𪃛, 𪇩

vi-noun

岸, 狺, 鴳, 𪃛, 𪇩

con (classifier)
岸 (CJK)
狺 (CJK)
鴳 (CJK)
𪃛 (CJK)
𪇩 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雁 (“wild goose”, SV: nhạn). Doublet of nhạn.
Likely meant "wild goose" initially.
Sense "muscovy duck" (from the Americas) is attested in Phạm Đình Hổ's 1827 dictionary Nhật dụng thường đàm (日用常談 "Common Words Used Daily") , wherein ngan 鴳 was glossed as 赤靣鴨 (SV: xích diện áp) "red-faced duck" http://nomfoundation.org/common/show.php?detail=2269&uiLang=vn.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">nhạn</i>


Sơn Dương

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山羊, composed of 山 (“mountain”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 山羊 (shānyáng, “goat”), common reading of San Dương. Compare Miên Dương (“Aries”, literally “sheep”).

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sơn Dương.wav

(astrology) Synonym of Ma Kết (“Capricorn”)


Sơn Dương

[səːn˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Sơn Dương, the name of various places in Vietnam

Shanyang, the name of various places in China


chiếp

[t͡ɕiəp̚˦˧˥]


ò ó o

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˧˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˦˩ ʔɔ˨˩˦ ʔɔ˧˧]

[ʔɔ˨˩ ʔɔ˦˥ ʔɔ˧˧]


ủn ỉn

head

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

vi-int

ủn ỉn • (穩 + 稳/穩)

[ʔun˧˩ ʔin˧˩]

[ʔun˧˨ ʔin˧˨]

[ʔʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ ʔɨn˨˩˦]


cục ta cục tác

[kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taː˧˧ kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]


cục tác

[kʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ taːk̚˧˦]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ taːk̚˦˧˥]

[kʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ taːk̚˦˥]

From Proto-Vietic *k-taːk, from Proto-Austroasiatic *ktaat (“to cluck”), ultimately onomatopoeic. Cognates within Vietic include Muong [Hoà Bình] kuk⁸ taːk⁷, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kuk⁸ taːk⁷, Chut kutaːk⁷, and Arem kutæːk. Other cognates include Mon ကတတ် (“to cluck, cackle”), Nyah Kur [Northern] kǝták ("cackling (of a hen)"), Khmer ខ្តត (khtɑɑt, “to cluck, cackle”), Bahnar kơtak (“cluck, cackle”), Ngeq katoːc ("to crow; to cackle"), Semai kutok (“to cackle, cluck (of a hen)”), Cua takɔːt ("cackle of chicken").


cúi

con (classifier)
𨆝 (CJK)
會 (CJK)
檜 (CJK)

From Proto-Vietic *guːrʔ ~ *kuːrʔ; cognates with Muong củi, Chut cûl, Chut [Maleng] kuːl⁴ and Tho [Pong] kuːl⁴. Also compare Angkorian Old Khmer កុរ៑ (kur), a loan from an unidentified Vietic source, whence Khmer កុរ (kol, “Year of the Pig”) and Thai กุน (gun, “Year of the Pig”). (Ferlus, 2013) Additionally, 亥 (OC *[ɡ]ˤəʔ) (B-S) (SV: hợi) is a possible cognate, see there for more.


mã lực

[maː˦ˀ˥ lɨk̚˧˨ʔ]

[maː˧˨ lɨk̚˨˩ʔ]

[maː˨˩˦ lɨk̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 馬力, composed of 馬 (“horse”) and 力 (“power”).


da gà

[zaː˧˧ ɣaː˨˩]

[jaː˧˧ ɣaː˦˩]

[jaː˧˧ ɣaː˨˩]

da (“skin”) + gà (“chicken”), so called due to the feather-free-chicken-skin-like appearance.

nổi da gà


thớt

vi-noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) thớt • (橽, 𣐆, 𣘄)

cái (classifier)
chiếc (classifier)
橽 (CJK)
𣐆 (CJK)
𣘄 (CJK)


gia cầm

[zaː˧˧ kəm˨˩]

[jaː˧˧ kəm˦˩]

[jaː˧˧ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家禽, composed of 家 (“home”) and 禽 (“bird”).


gia súc

[zaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[jaː˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[jaː˧˧ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[jaː˧˧ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 家畜, composed of 家 (“home”) and 畜 (“livestock”).

gia súc gia cầm


thủ

cơ thủ

kì thủ

game thủ


ong bầu

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˨˩]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔɔŋ˧˧ ʔɓəw˦˩]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓəw˨˩]

From ong (“bee”) + bầu, from Proto-Vietic *buː (cf. Old Chinese 蜉 (OC *[b](r)u) (B-S)).


le le

Reduplication of le. Compare chuồn chuồn, châu chấu, etc.

Ở Cà Mau, An Giang và một số tỉnh miền Tây Nam Bộ, nhiều người dân nuôi chim le le thu lợi nhuận khá cao. Le le vốn là giống chim trời hoang dã, sống trong môi trường tự nhiên, nhưng kể từ khi được con người chăn nuôi thì số lượng của chúng phát triển vượt bậc.

2019, “Nuôi chim le le (Raising Lesser Whistling Ducks)”, Đại Đoàn Kết (Great Unity)

In Cà Mau, An Giang, and a few South-western provinces, many people profit rather handsomely from raising lesser whistling ducks. The lesser whistling ducks are wild birds living in the natural environment; yet ever since being raised and bred by humans, their number increases significantly.

Dendrocygna javanica
Dendrocygna javanica#Translingual

lesser whistling duck (Dendrocygna javanica)


lợn đất

[ləːn˧˨ʔ ʔɗət̚˧˦]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɗək̚˦˧˥]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ ʔɗək̚˦˥]

lợn (“pig”) + đất (“earth”), also a calque of Afrikaans aardvark

(Northern Vietnam) a porcelain piggy bank


gà trống nuôi con

[ɣaː˨˩ t͡ɕəwŋ͡m˧˦ nuəj˧˧ kɔn˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ʈəwŋ͡m˦˥ nuj˧˧ kɔŋ˧˧]

(literal) a rooster/cock who raises his own chicks


Dương Cưu

[zɨəŋ˧˧ kiw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ kɨw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Dương Cưu.wav

(astrology, astronomy) Synonym of Bạch Dương (“Aries”)


ổ gà

[ʔo˧˩ ɣaː˨˩]

[ʔow˧˨ ɣaː˦˩]

[ʔow˨˩˦ ɣaː˨˩]

(figurative) a small or medium-sized pothole


Miên Dương

[miən˧˧ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[miəŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[miəŋ˧˧ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Miên Dương.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 綿羊, composed of 綿 (“wool”) and 羊 (“caprid”), from Chinese 綿羊 /绵羊 (miányáng, “sheep”). Compare Sơn Dương (“Capricorn”, literally “goat”).


mòng két

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ kɛt̚˧˦]

[mawŋ͡m˦˩ kɛt̚˦˧˥]

[mɔŋ˦˩ kɛt̚˦˧˥]

[mawŋ͡m˨˩ kɛk̚˦˥]


hồng mao

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ maːw˧˧]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ maːw˧˧]

voi chín ngà, gà chín cựa, ngựa chín hồng mao

an elephant with nine tusks, a rooster with nine spurs, a horse with nine groups of mane hair


lợn lòi

vi-noun

(classifier con) lợn lòi • (𤞼 + 耒/𤞖/𤢗/𤢿)

[ləːn˧˨ʔ lɔj˨˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩ʔ lɔj˦˩]

[ləːŋ˨˩˨ lɔj˨˩]

hog (esp. species with tusks like warthog)


vịt xiêm

[vɨt̚˨˩˨ sim˧˧]

[jɨt̚˨˩˨ sim˧˧]


ông nói gà, bà nói vịt

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˧˦ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˧˦ vit̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˨˩˦ ɣaː˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩ nɔj˨˩˦ vit̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˦˥ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˦˥ vɨt̚˨˩˨]

[ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ nɔj˦˥ ɣaː˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ nɔj˦˥ jɨt̚˨˩˨]

(literal) he said chickens, she said ducks


trâu bò

[t͡ɕəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

[ʈəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˦˩]

[ʈəw˧˧ ʔɓɔ˨˩]

(literal, collective) water buffaloes and cattle


thuỷ cầm

[tʰwɪj˧˨ kəm˦˩]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˨˩˦ kəm˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 水禽, composed of 水 (“water”) and 禽 (“bird”).

vi-etym-sino

(collective) anseriforms, especially ducks and geese


uyên ương

[ʔwiən˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔwiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

[(ʔ)wiəŋ˧˧ ʔɨəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鴛鴦 (“mandarin duck”).

Aix galericulata
Aix galericulata#Translingual

(zoology) a mandarin duck (a perching duck of the species Aix galericulata)


tuấn mã

[twən˧˦ maː˦ˀ˥]

[twəŋ˦˧˥ maː˧˨]

[t⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˦˥ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 駿馬, composed of 駿 (“excellent horse”) and 馬 (“horse”).

(literary) excellent horse, prized horse


ngũ mã phanh thây

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ maː˦ˀ˥ fajŋ̟˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ maː˧˨ fɛɲ˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ maː˨˩˦ fan˧˧ tʰəj˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-ngũ mã phanh thây.wav

Partial calque of Chinese 五馬分屍 /五马分尸 (ngũ mã phân thi), but with the substitution of phân (分) with the etymologically unrelated phanh through phono-semantic matching.

pcal

(historical) dismemberment with five horses


head

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨəj˨˩ ʔɗaːn˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ vaː˨˩ mot̚˧˨ʔ kɔn˧˧ vit̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩ kaːj˧˦ t͡ɕəː˧˨ʔ]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˦˩ ʔɗaːŋ˦˩ ʔɓaː˦˩ vaː˦˩ mok̚˨˩ʔ kɔŋ˧˧ vit̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩ kaːj˨˩˦ t͡ɕəː˨˩ʔ]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ vaː˨˩ mok̚˨˩˨ kɔŋ˧˧ vɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ kaːj˦˥ cəː˨˩˨]

[haːj˧˧ ŋɨj˨˩ ʔɗaːŋ˨˩ ʔɓaː˨˩ jaː˨˩ mok̚˨˩˨ kɔŋ˧˧ jɨt̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩ kaːj˦˥ cəː˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-hai người đàn bà và một con vịt thành cái chợ.wav

(derogatory) women are stereotypically loud, talkative, prone to nagging and gossiping


một con ngựa đau, cả tàu bỏ cỏ

(literal) when a single horse falls ill, the whole stable stops eating


gà qué

[ɣaː˨˩ kwɛ˧˦]

[ɣaː˦˩ kwɛ˨˩˦]

[ɣaː˨˩ wɛ˦˥]

gà + qué, probably a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 雞 (“chicken”, SV: kê).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">kê</i>

vi-etym-sino

(colloquial) chicken (generally speaking)


ong khoái

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔɔŋ˧˧ xwaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔawŋ͡m˧˧ kʰwaːj˦˥]

ong + khoái; the second element is from Proto-Vietic *kweːʔ, borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language. Cognate with Chut [Rục] kwiː³, Chepang क्वाय्, Drung kua, Manipuri ꯈꯣꯏ (khoʼi) (the latter three inherited from a common ST root). The initial velar shows irregular aspiration.


lục súc

[lʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ sʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ ʂʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[lʊwk͡p̚˨˩˨ sʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 六畜, composed of 六 (“six”) and 畜 (“raise animals”).

the six domestic animals: horse (ngựa), ox (bò), goat (dê), pig (heo/lợn), dog (chó) and fowl (gà)


ăn ong

[ʔan˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[ʔaŋ˧˧ ʔawŋ͡m˧˧]


gà ri

[ɣaː˨˩ zi˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʐɪj˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ ɹɪj˧˧]


nhảy cừu

[ɲaj˧˨ kɨw˦˩]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ kɨw˨˩]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + cừu (“sheep”).

af

(games) Synonym of nhảy ngựa (“to leapfrog”)


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]

nhảy (“to jump/leap/vault”) + ngựa (“horse”).


nhảy ngựa

[ɲaj˧˩ ŋɨə˧˨ʔ]

[ɲaj˧˨ ŋɨə˨˩ʔ]

[ɲa(ː)j˨˩˦ ŋɨə˨˩˨]


bò vẽ

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓɔ˦˩ vɛ˧˨]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[ʔɓɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

Element bò is a variant of vò (“wasp (obsolete)”); element vẽ'’s meaning is obscure.

Vespa affinis
Vespa affinis#Translingual

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


vò vẽ

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˦ˀ˥]

[vɔ˨˩ vɛ˨˩˦]

[jɔ˨˩ jɛ˨˩˦]

From vò (“wasp (obsolete)”) + vẽ, whose meaning is obscure.

(Northern Vietnam) lesser banded hornet (Vespa affinis)


thắng đái

[tʰaŋ˧˦ ʔɗaːj˧˦]

[tʰaŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗaːj˨˩˦]

[tʰaŋ˦˥ ʔɗaːj˦˥]

thắng (“to strap a horse saddle”) + đái (“belt”).

compound

(equestrianism) a strap that runs under the belly of the horse, for fixating the saddle


mã lặc

[maː˦ˀ˥ lak̚˧˨ʔ]

[maː˧˨ lak̚˨˩ʔ]

[maː˨˩˦ lak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 馬勒, composed of 馬 (“horse”) and 勒 (“bridle”).


cà sáy

[kaː˦˩ ʂaj˨˩˦]

(Quảng Ninh) hybrid of a ngan and a vịt; kind of mulard


gà Đông Tảo

[ɣaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˧˩]

[ɣaː˦˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˧˨]

[ɣaː˨˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ taːw˨˩˦]

gà (“chicken”) + Đông Tảo (a commune in Hưng Yên, Vietnam, where this chicken breed originated).


gà ta

[ɣaː˨˩ taː˧˧]

[ɣaː˦˩ taː˧˧]

[ɣaː˨˩ taː˧˧]

gà (“chicken”) + ta (“our; Vietnamese”).

Theo chủ một doanh nghiệp cung cấp trứng gà ta vào siêu thị, gà ta tức gà bản địa, được nuôi tập trung và sử dụng thức ăn theo công thức riêng do nhà máy cung cấp.

2023 March 25, Vương Ngọc, “Chuyện lạ: Trứng gà ta rẻ hơn trứng gà công nghiệp”, in Người Lao Động, retrieved 2024-11-19:

According to the owner of a business that supplies eggs of Vietnamese chickens to supermarkets, Vietnamese chickens, i.e. native chickens, are raised collectively and use food according to a specific feed formulation provided by the factory.

any of various chicken breeds native to Vietnam