تاج محل

ur-proper noun

تاج مَحَل • (tāj mahal) m (Hindi spelling ताज महल)

تاج مَحَل (canonical)
tāj mahal (romanization)
ताज महल (Hindi)

[t̪ɑːd͡ʒ‿mɛ.ɦɛl]

From تاج (tāj, “crown”) + محل (mahal, “palace”).

af

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


گنگا

ur-proper noun

گَن٘گا • (gaṅgā) f (Hindi spelling गंगा)

گَن٘گا (canonical)
gaṅgā (romanization)
गंगा (Hindi)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).

lbor

Ganges (a major river in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, India; a major river in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Chittagong and Barisal Divisions, Bangladesh)


بہار

ur-proper noun

بِہار • (bihār) m (Hindi spelling बिहार)

بِہار (canonical)
bihār (romanization)
बिहार (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀯𑀺𑀳𑀸𑀭 (vihāra), from Sanskrit विहार (vihāra, “temple; monastery”).


پنجاب

ur-proper noun

پَنْجاب • (panjāb) m (Hindi spelling पंजाब)

پَنْجاب (canonical)
panjāb (romanization)
पंजाब (Hindi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps
Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš
Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a)
Middle Persian ʾp̄
Persian آب
Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Proto-Iranian *pánča
Persian پنج
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča
Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan)
Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadader.?
Sanskrit नद (nada)
Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada)calq.
Classical Persian پَنْجَاب (panjāb)bor.
Urdu پَنْجاب (panjāb)
Borrowed from Classical Persian پَنْجَاب (panjāb).

etymon

پَنْجاب

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


کرناٹک

ur-proper noun

کَرْناٹَک • (karnāṭak) m (Hindi spelling कर्नाटक)

کَرْناٹَک (canonical)
karnāṭak (romanization)
कर्नाटक (Hindi)

Transliteration of Hindi कर्नाटक (karnāṭak)


مہاراشٹر

ur-proper noun

مَہاراشْٹَر • (mahārāśṭar) m (Hindi spelling महाराष्ट्र)

مَہاراشْٹَر (canonical)
mahārāśṭar (romanization)
महाराष्ट्र (Hindi)
مہاراشٹرا (alternative)

/mə.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʃ.ʈɾɑː/

/mə.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʃ.ʈəɾ/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra).


آندھرا پردیش

ur-proper noun

आंध्र प्रदेश

آندھرا پردیش • (Āndhrā Pradeś) m (Hindi spelling आंध्र प्रदेश)

Āndhrā Pradeś (romanization)
आंध्र प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ɑːn.d̪ʱɾə.pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh#English:_Q1159

Andhra Pradesh (a state in southeastern India, where Telugu is the primary language)

ur:آندھرا پردیش


نئی دہلی

نَئِی دِہْلی

نَئِی دِہْلی • (naī dihlī) f (Hindi spelling नई देहली)

نَئِی دِہْلی (canonical)
naī dihlī (romanization)
नई देहली (Hindi)

Calque of Hindi नई दिल्ली (naī dillī), equivalent to نئی (naī, “new”) + دہلی (dihlī, “Delhi”). Compare Punjabi نَوِیْں دِلّی (nauiīṉ dillī) / Punjabi ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ (navī̃ dillī).

cog

نَوِیْں دِلّی


اسلام آباد

ur-proper noun

اِسْلام آباد

اِسْلام آباد • (islām-ābād) m (Hindi spelling इस्लामाबाद)

اِسْلام آباد (canonical)
islām-ābād (romanization)
इस्लामाबाद (Hindi)

اِسْ لام آ باد

Etymology tree
Arabic أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama)
Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām)bor.
Classical Persian اِسْلَام (islām)bor.
Urdu اِسْلَام (islām)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der.
Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt'
Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād)bor.
Urdu آباد (ābād)
Urdu اِسْلام آباد (islām ābād)
From اِسْلَام (islām) + آباد (ābād).

etymon

اِسْلَام>Islam

اِسْلام آباد

اننت ناگ
اننت ناگ#Urdu

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

synonym of اننت ناگ (Anantnag (a city in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir))


کشمیر

ur-noun

کَشْمِیر • (kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling कश्मीर)

کَشْمِیر (canonical)
kaśmīr (romanization)
कश्मीर (Hindi)

→ English: Cashmere, cashmere

→ English: Kashmir (learned)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشمیر (kašmīr), potentially also a learned borrowing from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra), which is probably a contraction of कश्यपमीर (kaśyapamīra) or कश्यपमेरु (kaśyapameru). Compare Kashmiri کٔشیٖر (kạśīr).

lbor

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)

Azad Kashmir (an autonomous territory administered by Pakistan; capital: Muzaffarabad)

Jammu Kashmir (a union territory of India; capitals: Srinagar and Jammu)


گجرات

ur-proper noun

گُجْرات • (gujrāt) m (Hindi spelling गुजरात)

گُجْرات (canonical)
gujrāt (romanization)
गुजरात (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (gujjarattā), from Sanskrit गुर्जरत्रा (gurjaratrā, “country of the Gurjaras”), from गुर्जर (gurjara, “Gurjaras”).

der

/ɡʊd͡ʒᵊ.ɾɑːt̪/


بنگال

ur-proper noun

بَن٘گال • (baṅgāl) m (Hindi spelling बंगाल)

بَن٘گال (canonical)
baṅgāl (romanization)
बंगाल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بنگال (bangāl), ultimately derived from Sanskrit वङ्ग (vaṅga), the name of the Vanga Kingdom.

bor+

Indian Subcontinent
Indian Subcontinent#English

Bengal (a former province of the Indian Subcontinent, now divided into the modern-day West Bengal in India and Bangladesh)


دلی

ur-proper noun

دِلّی • (dillī) f (Hindi spelling दिल्ली)

دِلّی (canonical)
dillī (romanization)
दिल्ली (Hindi)

Transliteration of Hindi दिल्ली (dillī).

دِہْلی دہلی#Urdu

(India, informal) alternative form of دِہْلی (dihlī): Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


بنارس

بَنارَس • (banāras) f (Hindi spelling बनारस)

بَنارَس (canonical)
banāras (romanization)
बनारस (Hindi)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀯𑀸𑀭𑀸𑀡𑀲𑀻 (vārāṇasī), from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī). Alternatively, named after the legendary figure of Rājā Bānār, who is said to have rebuilt the city.

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vārāṇasī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Benares (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


وارانسی

ur-proper noun

وارانسی • (vārāṇsī) f (Hindi spelling वाराणसी)

/ʋɑː.ɾɑːn.siː/

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī). Doublet of بنارس (banāras).


اودھ

اَوَدھ (canonical)
avadh (romanization)
अवध (Hindi)

→ Arabic: أَوَدْه (ʔawadh)

→ Persian: اوده (avadh)

Inherited from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā).

inh+

Awadh (a historical region of Uttar Pradesh, India)


متھرا

ur-proper noun

مَتُھرا • (mathurā) m (Hindi spelling मथुरा)

مَتُھرا (canonical)
mathurā (romanization)
मथुरा (Hindi)

/mə.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɑː/

Mathura, Muttra (a city, the administrative center of Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Mathura (a district of Uttar Pradesh, India)

Mathura (a Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India)


اتر پردیش

उत्तर प्रदेश

اُتَّر پْرَدیش

اُتَّر پْرَدیش • (uttar pradeś) m (Hindi spelling उत्तर प्रदेश)

اُتَّر پْرَدیش (canonical)
uttar pradeś (romanization)
उत्तर प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ʊt̪ː.əɾ‿pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तर प्रदेश (uttar pradeś, literally “Northen Province”).

bor+

उत्तर प्रदेश

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh#English:_Q1498

Uttar Pradesh (a state in northern India)


لدھیانہ

ur-proper noun

لدھیانہ • (ludhiyānā) m (Hindi spelling लुधियाना)

ludhiyānā (romanization)
लुधियाना (Hindi)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ (ludhiāṇā) / لُدِھیاݨَہ (ludhieyāṇah).

bor+

Ludhiana (a city in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India)


دہلی

ur-proper noun

دِہْلی • (dihlī) f (Hindi spelling देहली)

دِہْلی (canonical)
dihlī (romanization)
देहली (Hindi)

→ Arabic: دِهْلِي (dihlī)

desctree

→ English: Delhi
→ Arabic: دِلْهِي (dilhī)
→ Chinese: 德里 (Délǐ)
→ Greek: Δελχί (Delchí)
→ Hebrew: דֵלְהִי (delhī)
→ Japanese: デリー (Derī)
→ Tamil: டெல்லி (ṭelli)
→ Turkish: Delhi

→ Kannada: ದೆಹಲಿ (dehali)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دهلی (dihlī), of uncertain origin. See दिल्ली (dillī) for further details.

bor+

2021 October 23, “دہلی سے ملحق گڑگاؤں میں پھر سے جمعے کی نماز کے خلاف مظاہرہ اور جے شری رام کے نعرے [Demonstrations against Friday prayers, again, in Gurgaon, adjacent to Delhi and slogans of Jai Shri Ram]”, in BBC News Urdu:

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


لداخ

ur-proper noun

لَدّاخ • (laddāx) m (Hindi spelling लद्दाख़)

لَدّاخ (canonical)
laddāx (romanization)
लद्दाख़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لداخ (ladâx), from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).


ممبئی

ur-proper noun

مُمْبَئی • (mumbaī) f (Hindi spelling मुंबई)

مُمْبَئی (canonical)
mumbaī (romanization)
मुंबई (Hindi)

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay)


مغربی بنگال

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال • (maġribī bangāl) m (Hindi spelling मग़्रिबी बंगाल)

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال (canonical)
maġribī bangāl (romanization)
मग़्रिबी बंगाल (Hindi)

/məɣ.ɾɪ.biː bəŋ.ɡɑːl/


کلکتہ

کَلْکَتَّہ • (kalkatta) f (Hindi spelling कोलकाता)

کَلْکَتَّہ (canonical)
kalkatta (romanization)
कोलकाता (Hindi)
کولکاتا (alternative)

Kolkata (a megacity, the capital of West Bengal, India)


مدراس

مَدْراس • (madrās) f (Hindi spelling मद्रास)

مَدْراس (canonical)
madrās (romanization)
मद्रास (Hindi)

Chennai (a megacity, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India)


سری نگر

سِرِی نَگَر • (sirī nagar) m (Hindi spelling श्रीनगर)

سِرِی نَگَر (canonical)
sirī nagar (romanization)
श्रीनगर (Hindi)
سرینگر (alternative)
شرینگر (alternative)

From Sanskrit श्रीनगर (śrīnagara), from श्री (śrī) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compare Kashmiri سِریٖنَگَر (sirīnagar).

سرینگر میں دریائے جہلم کے کنارے ویران پڑے ہیں، کچھ باقی شہر کی طرح۔

2016 October 5, “سری نگر کا خاموش کیفے [The vacant cafe of Srinagar]”, in BBC News Urdu, New Delhi:

In Srinagar, the banks of river Jhelum remain vacant, somewhat like the rest of the city.

sirī nagar meṉ daryā'e jihlam ke kināre vīrān paṛe haiṉ, kuch bāqī śahar kī t̤araḥ.

Srinagar (a city and district, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


تلنگانہ

تِلَن٘گانَہ • (tilaṅgāna) m (Hindi spelling तेलंगाना)

تِلَن٘گانَہ (canonical)
tilaṅgāna (romanization)
तेलंगाना (Hindi)

desc

تِلَنْغَانَة

تِلَنْجَانَة

→ Arabic: تِلَنْغَانَة (tilanḡāna), تِلَنْجَانَة (tilanjāna)

تِ لَن٘ گا نَہ

Borrowed from Telugu తెలంగాణ (telaṅgāṇa).

bor+

Telangana (a state in south-central India, created in 2014 by separation from Andhra Pradesh)


لکشادیپ

ur-proper noun

لَکْشادِیپ • (lakśādīp) m (Hindi spelling लक्षद्वीप)

لَکْشادِیپ (canonical)
lakśādīp (romanization)
लक्षद्वीप (Hindi)

لَکْ شا دِیپ

Borrowed from Hindi लक्षद्वीप (lakṣadvīp). Compare Kashmiri لَکشادیٖپ (lakśādīp) and Punjabi ਲਕਸ਼ਦੀਪ (lakśadīp) / لَکْشَدِیپ (lakśadīp).

bor+

Lakshadweep (an archipelago and union territory of India in the Arabian Sea)


بنگالی

ur-proper noun

بنگالی • (bangālī) f (Hindi spelling बंगाली)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بنگالی (bangālī), from بنگاله (bangāla, “Bengal”).

bor+

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

a village in Nancowry, Nicobar district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India


الہ آباد

ur-proper noun

اِلٰہ آباد • (iláh ābād) m (Hindi spelling इलाहाबाद)

اِلٰہ آباد (canonical)
iláh ābād (romanization)
इलाहाबाद (Hindi)

/ɪ.lɑː.ɦɑː.bɑːd̪/

Borrowed from Classical Persian اللهآباد (allāh-ābād), from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh, “Allah”) + Classical Persian آباد (ābād, “city”).

bor+

Allahabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


چنئی

ur-proper noun

چَنَّئی • (canna'ī) m (Hindi spelling चेन्नई)

چَنَّئی (canonical)
canna'ī (romanization)
चेन्नई (Hindi)

Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)

Chennai (a district of Tamil Nadu, India, containing most of metro Chennai)


جالندھر

ur-noun

جالَنْدَھر • (jālandhar) m (Hindi spelling जालंधर)

جالَنْدَھر (canonical)
jālandhar (romanization)
जालंधर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒɑː.lən.d̪ʱəɾ/

جا لَنْ دَھر

Compare Punjabi جَلَنْدَھر (jalandhar) / ਜਲੰਧਰ (jalandhar).


امرتسر

ur-proper noun

اَمْرِتْسَر • (amritsar) m (Hindi spelling अमृतसर)

اَمْرِتْسَر (canonical)
amritsar (romanization)
अमृतसर (Hindi)

اَمْ رِتْ سَر


بھونیشور

بُھونیشْوَر • (bhūneśvar) m (Hindi spelling भुवनेश्वर)

بُھونیشْوَر (canonical)
bhūneśvar (romanization)
भुवनेश्वर (Hindi)

[bʱʊ.neːʃ.ʋəɾ]

Transliteration of Hindi भुवनेश्वर (bhuvneśvar).

transliteration

Bhubaneshwar (a city, the capital of Odisha, India)


جموں

ur-proper noun

جَمُّوں • (jammū̃) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू)

جَمُّوں (canonical)
jammū̃ (romanization)
जम्मू (Hindi)

Inherited from Sanskrit जम्बू (jambū). Traditionally considered to be named after Jambu Lochan. Cognate with Saraiki ڄَمُّوں (ǰammūṉ).

Jammu (a city, the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)

Jammu (a region of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


دہرہ دون

دِہْرَہ دُون

دِہْرَہ دُون • (dihra dūn) m (Hindi spelling देहरादून)

دِہْرَہ دُون (canonical)
dihra dūn (romanization)
देहरादून (Hindi)

From دِہْرَہ (dihra, “Dera”) + دُون (dūn, “Doon Valley”).

compound

Dehradun (a city, the state capital of Uttarakhand, India)


اروناچل پردیش

ur-proper noun

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش • (arūnācal pradeś) m (Hindi spelling अरुणाचल प्रदेश)

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش (canonical)
arūnācal pradeś (romanization)
अरुणाचल प्रदेश (Hindi)

desc

أَرُونَاجَل بْرَدِيش

→ Arabic: أَرُونَاجَل بْرَدِيش (ʔarūnājal bradīš)

/ə.ɾuː.nɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi अरुणाचल प्रदेश (aruṇācal pradeś).

transliteration

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English:_Q1162

Arunachal Pradesh (a state in northeastern India)


جونپور

ur-proper noun

جونپور • (jaunpūr) m (Hindi spelling जौनपुर)

jaunpūr (romanization)
जौनपुर (Hindi)
جون پور (alternative)

After Muhammad Fakhr Malik Jauna Khan bin Tughluq; literally Jauna's town, جون (jon) + ـپور (-por).

Jaunpur; a district of Uttar Pradesh, India

a city in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India

a Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India

a Legislative Assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India


قادیان

قادِیان • (qādiyān) m (Hindi spelling क़ादियान)

قادِیان (canonical)
qādiyān (romanization)
क़ादियान (Hindi)

→ Arabic: قَادِيَان (qādiyān)

→ English: Qadian

→ Hebrew: קַאדִיָאן (qādiyān)

→ Hindi: क़ादियान (qādiyān)

Qadian (a town in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India)


اوڈیشہ

اوڈِیشہ • (oḍīśah) m (Hindi spelling ओडीशह)

اوڈِیشہ (canonical)
oḍīśah (romanization)
ओडीशह (Hindi)
اوڈشا (alternative)
اڑیسہ (alternative)

/oː.ɖiː.ʃəɦ/


اتر کھنڈ

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ • (uttar khanḍ) m (Hindi spelling उत्तराखंड)

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ (canonical)
uttar khanḍ (romanization)
उत्तराखंड (Hindi)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ kʰənɖ/


کیرلا

کیرَلا • (keralā) ? (Hindi spelling केरला)

کیرَلا (canonical)
keralā (romanization)
केरला (Hindi)


گوا

گوَا (canonical)
goā (romanization)
गोवा (Hindi)


چھتیس گڑھ

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ • (chattīs gaṛh) m (Hindi spelling छत्तीसगढ़)

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ (canonical)
chattīs gaṛh (romanization)
छत्तीसगढ़ (Hindi)

/t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iːs ɡəɽʱ/

From چَھتِّیس (chattīs, “thirty-six”) + گَڑھ (gaṛh, “forts”).


جموں و کشمیر

ur-proper noun

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر

जम्मू और कश्मीर

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر • (jammūṉ o kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू और कश्मीर)

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر (canonical)
jammūṉ o kaśmīr (romanization)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (Hindi)

LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-جموں و کشمیر.wav

From جَمُّوں (jammū̃, “Jammu”) + و (o, “and/&”) + کَشْمِیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”), likely a calque of English Jammu and Kashmir. Compare Hindi जम्मू और कश्मीर (jammū aur kaśmīr).

noncog

जम्मू और कश्मीर

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English:_Q66278313

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory of India)


جھارکھنڈ

ur-proper noun

جھارْکَھنْڈ • (jhārkhanḍ) ? (Hindi spelling झारखंड)

جھارْکَھنْڈ (canonical)
jhārkhanḍ (romanization)
झारखंड (Hindi)

/d͡ʒʱɑːɾ.kʰənɖ/

Transliteration of Hindi झारखंड (jhārkhaṇḍ)


تامل ناڈو

ur-proper noun

تامِل ناڈُو • (tāmil nāḍū) ? (Hindi spelling तामिल नाडू)

تامِل ناڈُو (canonical)
tāmil nāḍū (romanization)
तामिल नाडू (Hindi)

Transliteration of Hindi तामिल नाडू (tāmil nāḍū)


تریپورہ

ur-proper noun

تْرِیپُورَہ • (trīpūra) ? (Hindi spelling त्रीपूरा)

تْرِیپُورَہ (canonical)
trīpūra (romanization)
त्रीपूरा (Hindi)


ناگالینڈ

ناگالَینْڈ • (nāgālainḍ) ? (Hindi spelling नागालैंड)

ناگالَینْڈ (canonical)
nāgālainḍ (romanization)
नागालैंड (Hindi)

/nɑː.ɡɑː.lɛːnɖ/


منی پور

مَنی پُور • (manī pūr) ? (Hindi spelling मनी पूर)

مَنی پُور (canonical)
manī pūr (romanization)
मनी पूर (Hindi)


مدھیہ پردیش

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش • (madhya pradeś) ? (Hindi spelling मधिया प्रदेश)

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش (canonical)
madhya pradeś (romanization)
मधिया प्रदेश (Hindi)

/məd̪ʱ.jɑː pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)

transliteration

Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh#English:_Q1188

Madhya Pradesh (a state in central India)


میزورم

ur-proper noun

مِیزورَم • (mīzoram) ? (Hindi spelling मीज़ोरम)

مِیزورَم (canonical)
mīzoram (romanization)
मीज़ोरम (Hindi)


میگھالیہ

میگھالِیَہ • (meghāliya) ? (Hindi spelling मेघालिया)

میگھالِیَہ (canonical)
meghāliya (romanization)
मेघालिया (Hindi)

Meghalaya (a state in northeastern India)


راجستھان

راجَسْتھان • (rājasthān) ? (Hindi spelling राजस्थान)

راجَسْتھان (canonical)
rājasthān (romanization)
राजस्थान (Hindi)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʒəs.t̪ʰɑːn/

Transliteration of Hindi राजस्थान (rājasthān)

transliteration

Rajasthan (a state in northwestern India, created in 1949 and replacing the former province of Rajputana)


ہریانہ

ur-proper noun

ہَرِیانَہ • (hariyāna) m (Hindi spelling हरियाणा)

ہَرِیانَہ (canonical)
hariyāna (romanization)
हरियाणा (Hindi)


ہماچل پردیش

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش • (himācal pradeś) ? (Hindi spelling हिमाचल प्रदेश)

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش (canonical)
himācal pradeś (romanization)
हिमाचल प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ɦɪ.mɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾɑː.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi हिमाचल प्रदेश (himācal pradeś)

transliteration

हिमाचल प्रदेश

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English


جزائر انڈمان و نکوبار

ur-proper noun

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار

जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار • (jazāir-e-anḍamān-o-nikobār) m pl (Hindi spelling जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार)

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار (canonical)
jazāir-e-anḍamān-o-nikobār (romanization)
जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार (Hindi)

/d͡ʒə.zɑː.ɪɾ eː ən.ɖə.mɑːn oː nɪ.koː.bɑːɾ/

Calque of Hindi अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह (aṇḍamān aur nikobār dvīpsamūh)

calque

अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह

Andaman and Nicobar Islands (a union territory of India; capital: Port Blair)

en-جزائر_انڈمان_و_نکوبار-ur-name-J4Cdj2oi


چنڈی گڑھ

ur-proper noun

چَنْڈی گَڑھ • (caṇḍī-gaṛh) m (Hindi spelling चंडीगढ़)

چَنْڈی گَڑھ (canonical)
caṇḍī-gaṛh (romanization)
चंडीगढ़ (Hindi)

/t͡ʃən.ɖiː.ɡəɽʱ/

Chandigarh (a city and union territory in northern India, located between Punjab and Haryana; the capital city of Haryana and Punjab)


اوڑی

اُوڑی (canonical)
ūṛī (romanization)
ऊड़ी (Hindi)

Borrowed from Pahari-Potwari اُوڑی (ūṛī).

bor+

Uri (a town, a tehsil in Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


جموں اور کشمیر

ur-proper noun

जम्मू और कश्मीर

جموں اور کشمیر • (jammū̃ aur kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू और कश्मीर)

jammū̃ aur kaśmīr (romanization)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒəm.mũː ɔːɾ kəʃ.miːɾ/

جموں و کشمیر
جموں و کشمیر#Urdu

alternative form of جموں و کشمیر (jammū̃-o-kaśmīr): Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory in northern India; capital: Jammu and Srinagar)


مقبوضہ کشمیر

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر • (maqbūẓa kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling मक़्बूज़ा कश्मीर)

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر (canonical)
maqbūẓa kaśmīr (romanization)
मक़्बूज़ा कश्मीर (Hindi)

From مقبوضہ (maqbūẓa, “occupied”) + کشمیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”)

com

(Pakistan) the de facto India union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh collectively called "Indian-Administered Kashmir", one of three parts that together form the dejure province of Kashmir, the other being Azad Kashmir and Aksai Chin.

(by extension) Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory in northern India; capital: Jammu and Srinagar)


گورداسپور

ur-proper noun

گورْداسْپُور

گورْداسْپُور • (gordāspūr) m (Hindi spelling गुरदासपुर)

گورْداسْپُور (canonical)
gordāspūr (romanization)
गुरदासपुर (Hindi)
گورداس پور (alternative)
گرداسپور (alternative)

[ɡʊɾ.d̪ɑːs.puːɾ]

گُور داس پُور

From گورداس (gordās) + ـپُور (-pūr, “town; city; village”). Named after Mahant Guriya das ji.

suffix

لیکن پنجابی کا جو لہجہ سب کے لیے معیار قرار پایا، جس کی گرامر و اصول سب کے لئے قابل قبول ہوئے وہ لاہور، امرتسر، گورداسپور، سیالکوٹ اور ان کے نواحی علاقوں کا ہے۔

2023 January 18, Ashraf Sharif, “پنجاب کی لسانی تاریخ کا کھوج [Exploring the Linguistic History of Punjab]”, in روزنامہ ٩٢نیوز [Daily 92 News ePaper]:

However, the dialect of Punjabi which was set as the standard for all, and whose grammar and principles became acceptable to all, belongs to Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Sialkot and their suburbs.

lekin panjābī kā jo lahja sab ke liye miʻyar qarār pāya, jis kī grāmar o aṣūl sab ke liy'e qābl-e-qabūl hū'e vo lāhaur, amritsar, gordāspūr, siyalkoṭ aur un ke nuvāḥī ʻilāqoṉ kā hai.

گورداسپور کی متنازعہ تقسیم

2022 August 15, Farooq Azam, “جب لاہور اچانک بھارت کے بجائے پاکستان کا حصہ بن گیا [When Lahore suddenly became a part of Pakistan instead of India]”, in DW Urdu:

Gurdaspur (a city and administrative headquarters of Gurdaspur District in the Indian state of Punjab)

میاں فضل حسین کا تعلق بھٹی راجپوت سے تھا اور ان کا خاندان گو بٹالہ ضلع گورداسپور کا متوطن تھا

1995, Research Society of Pakistan, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, page 61:

Mian Fazl Hussain belonged to Bhatti Rajput and his family were from Batala, district Gurdaspur

miyaṉ faẓl ḥusain kā taʻluq bhaṭṭī rājpūt se thā āur un kā xāndān go baṭāla ẓilaʻ gordāspūr kā mutavat̤t̤in thā

Gurdaspur District
Gurdaspur District#English

(by extension) Gurdaspur District (a district of Punjab, India)


دادرا و نگر حویلی و دمن و دیو

ur-proper noun

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو • (dādrā-o-nagar-havailī-o-daman-o-dīv) m (Hindi spelling दादरा ओ नगर हवय्ली ओ दमन ओ दियो)

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو (canonical)
dādrā-o-nagar-havailī-o-daman-o-dīv (romanization)
दादरा ओ नगर हवय्ली ओ दमन ओ दियो (Hindi)

/d̪ɑːd̪.ɾɑː oː nə.ɡəɾ.ɦə.ʋeː.liː oː d̪ə.mən oː d̪iː.oː/

Calque of English Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Compare Hindi दादरा और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव (dādrā aur nagar havelī evã daman aur dīv)

noncog

दादरा और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu#English

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (a union territory of India; capital: Daman)

en-دادرا_و_نگر_حویلی_و_دمن_و_دیو-ur-name-rCLD~D2B


قراقرم

ur-proper noun

قَراقُرَم • (qarāquram) m (Hindi spelling क़राक़ुरम)

قَراقُرَم (canonical)
qarāquram (romanization)
क़राक़ुरम (Hindi)
قَرَہ قُرَم (alternative)

Ultimately from a Turkic language. See Karakoram.

Karakoram (a mountain range located in the regions of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and Ladakh, India)


سورن کوٹ

سُورَن کوٹ • (sūran koṭ) m (Hindi spelling सूरनकोट)

سُورَن کوٹ (canonical)
sūran koṭ (romanization)
सूरनकोट (Hindi)

Surankote, Surankot (a town, a tehsil in Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


مہنڈر

مِہِنْڈَر • (mihinḍar) m (Hindi spelling मेंढर)

مِہِنْڈَر (canonical)
mihinḍar (romanization)
मेंढर (Hindi)
مینْڈَھر (alternative)

/mɪ.ɦɪn.ɖəɾ/

Mendhar (a town, a tehsil in Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


تھنہ منڈی

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی • (thana manḍī) m (Hindi spelling थनामंडी)

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی (canonical)
thana manḍī (romanization)
थनामंडी (Hindi)

Thanamandi (a town, a tehsil in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


درہال

دَرْہال • (darhāl) m (Hindi spelling दर्हाल)

دَرْہال (canonical)
darhāl (romanization)
दर्हाल (Hindi)

Darhal (a town, a tehsil in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


راجوری

راجَوری • (rājaurī) m (Hindi spelling राजौरी)

راجَوری (canonical)
rājaurī (romanization)
राजौरी (Hindi)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʒɔː.ɾiː/

Rajouri, Rajauri (a city, a district of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


شوپیاں

شوپیاں • (śopiyā̃) m

[ʃʊ.pɪ.jɑ̃ː]

Shopian (a city, a district of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


سکندر آباد

سِکَنْدَر آباد

سِکَنْدَر آباد • (sikandar ābād) m (Hindi spelling सिकंदराबाद)

سِکَنْدَر آباد (canonical)
sikandar ābād (romanization)
सिकंदराबाद (Hindi)

→ English: Secunderabad

Secunderabad (a city in Telangana, India)


احمد آباد

اَحْمَد آباد

اَحْمَد آباد • (aḥmad ābād) m (Hindi spelling अहमदाबाद)

اَحْمَد آباد (canonical)
aḥmad ābād (romanization)
अहमदाबाद (Hindi)

desc

أَحْمَد آبَاد

→ Arabic: أَحْمَد آبَاد (ʔaḥmad ʔābād)

→ Arabic: أَحْمَد آبَاد (ʔaḥmad ʔābād)

→ Hebrew: אחמדאבאד (aḥmadābād)

[ɛɦ.mə.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪]

Ahmedabad, Amdavad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


حیدر آباد

ur-proper noun

حَیدَر آباد • (haidar ābād) m (Hindi spelling हैदराबाद)

حَیدَر آباد (canonical)
haidar ābād (romanization)
हैदराबाद (Hindi)

/ɦɛː.d̪əɾ ɑː.bɑːd̪/

حے دَرَ آ باد

Hyderabad (the capital city, the largest city in Telangana, India)


لیہہ

Leh (one of the capitals and largest city in the disputed union territory of Ladakh, India)


بھاؤ نگر

بھاؤ نَگَر • (bhāo nagar) m (Hindi spelling भावनगर)

بھاؤ نَگَر (canonical)
bhāo nagar (romanization)
भावनगर (Hindi)

/bʱɑː.ʊ nə.ɡəɾ/

/bʱɑː.oː nə.ɡəɾ/

Borrowed from Gujarati ભાવનગર (bhāvnagar), named after Bhavsinhji I Ratanji.

bor+

Bhavnagar (a city in Saurashtra, Gujarat, India)


پونچھ

ur-proper noun

پُونچھ • (pūnch) m (Hindi spelling पुंछ)

پُونچھ (canonical)
pūnch (romanization)
पुंछ (Hindi)

From Sanskrit पर्णोत्स (parṇotsa). Compare Kashmiri پرٛوٗنٛژھ (prūnċh).

lang

آزاد کشمیر میں دریائے پونچھ

آزاد کشمیر میں دریائے پونچھ

Poonch (a town, a district of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India)

Poonchh (a village in Moth tehsil, Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, India)


کرو کشیتر

ur-proper noun

کرو کشیتر • (kurū-kśetr) ?

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुरुक्षेत्र (kurukṣetra, literally “realm of Kuru”).

lbor

a city in Haryana, India, the domain of the Kaurava clan and kingdom; famous for the mythical War of Kurukshetra.


یمنا

ur-proper noun

یَمُنا • (yamunā) f (Hindi spelling यमुना)

یَمُنا (canonical)
yamunā (romanization)
यमुना (Hindi)
جمنا (alternative)

Yamuna, Jumna (a river in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana and union territory of Delhi, India)


بمبئی

بَمْبَئی • (bambaī) f (Hindi spelling बंबई)

بَمْبَئی (canonical)
bambaī (romanization)
बंबई (Hindi)

Bombay (former name of Mumbai, a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


سانبہ

سان٘بَہ • (sāmba) m (Hindi spelling साँबा)

سان٘بَہ (canonical)
sāmba (romanization)
साँबा (Hindi)

Samba (a town and district in Jammu and Kashmir, India)


شیکھاواٹی

شیکھاواٹی • (śekhāvāṭī) f (Hindi spelling शेखावाटी)

śekhāvāṭī (romanization)
शेखावाटी (Hindi)

/ʃeː.kʰɑː.ʋɑː.ʈiː/

Borrowed from Marwari शेखावटी (śekhāvaṭī).


پالم

پالَم (canonical)
pālam (romanization)
पालम (Hindi)

→? Classical Persian: پَالَم (pālam)

Perhaps a blend of پَانِی (pānī) + عَالَم ('ālam).

پَالَم پَٹ

land granted as a gift by the government

South West Delhi
South West Delhi#English

Palam (a neighborhood of South West Delhi district, Delhi, India)

Palam (a town and tehsil in Parbhani district, Maharashtra, India)


کاٹھیاواڑ

کاٹْھیاواڑ • (kāṭhyāvāṛ) m (Hindi spelling काठयावाड़)

کاٹْھیاواڑ (canonical)
kāṭhyāvāṛ (romanization)
काठयावाड़ (Hindi)

/kɑːʈʰ.jɑː.ʋɑːɽ/

کاٹْھ یا واڑ

Borrowed from Gujarati કાઠિયાવાડ (kāṭhiyāvāḍ).

bor+

Kathiawar (a peninsula in Gujarat, India)


لکھنؤ

ur-proper noun

لَکْھنَؤُ • (lakhnaū) m (Hindi spelling लखनऊ)

لَکْھنَؤُ (canonical)
lakhnaū (romanization)
लखनऊ (Hindi)

desc

→ Arabic: لَكْهنَؤُ (lakhnaʔū), لَكْنَؤُ (laknaʔū), لَكْنَؤُو (laknaʔū)


سلطان بازار

ur-prop

سُلْطان بازار

سُلْطان بازار • (sultān bāzār) m (Hindi spelling सुल्तान बाज़ार)

سُلْطان بازار (canonical)
sultān bāzār (romanization)
सुल्तान बाज़ार (Hindi)

desc

సుల్తాన్ బజార్

→ Telugu: సుల్తాన్ బజార్ (sultān bajār)

سُلْ طان با زار

Named after Nawab Sultanuddin Khan, from سُلْطان (sultān) + بازار (bāzār).

com

سُلْطان (sultān) + بازار (bāzār)

Sultan Bazar (a neighbourhood of Hyderabad, Telangana, India)


حضرت گنج

ur-prop

حَضْرَت گَنْج

حَضْرَت گَنْج • (hazrat ganj) m (Hindi spelling हज़रतगंज)

حَضْرَت گَنْج (canonical)
hazrat ganj (romanization)
हज़रतगंज (Hindi)

/ɦəz.ɾət̪ ɡənd͡ʒ/

حَضْ رَت گَنْج

Named after Amjad Ali Shah, from حَضْرَت (hazrat) + ـگَنْج (-ganj).

Hazratganj (a neighbourhood of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India)


افضل گنج

اَفْضَل گَنْج

اَفْضَل گَنْج • (afzal ganj) m (Hindi spelling अफ़ज़लगंज)

اَفْضَل گَنْج (canonical)
afzal ganj (romanization)
अफ़ज़लगंज (Hindi)

→ Telugu: అఫ్జల్ గంజ్ (aphjal gañj)

اَفْ ضَل گَنْج

Named after Afzal-ud-Daulah, from اَفْضَل (afzal) + ـگَنْج (-ganj).

Afzal Gunj (a neighbourhood of Hyderabad, Telangana, India)


ہوشنگ آباد

ہوشَن٘گ آباد

ہوشَن٘گ آباد • (hośaṅg ābād) m (Hindi spelling होशंगाबाद)

ہوشَن٘گ آباد (canonical)
hośaṅg ābād (romanization)
होशंगाबाद (Hindi)

/ɦoː.ʃəŋ.ɡɑː.bɑːd̪/

ہو شن٘ گا باد

Named after Hoshang Shah, from ہوشَن٘گ (hośaṅg) + ـآباد (-ābād).

com

ہوشَن٘گ (hośaṅg) + ـآباد (-ābād)

Hoshangabad (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


جبل پور

ur-prop

جَبَل پُور • (jabal pūr) m (Hindi spelling जबलपुर)

جَبَل پُور (canonical)
jabal pūr (romanization)
जबलपुर (Hindi)

From جَبَل (jabal) + ـپُور (-pūr, “placename suffix”).

af

Jabalpur (a city in Madhya Pradesh, India)


لکڑی کا پل

ur-prop

لَکْڑِی کا پُل

लकड़ी का पुल

لَکْڑِی کا پُل • (lakṛī kā pul) m (Hindi spelling लकड़ी का पुल)

لَکْڑِی کا پُل (canonical)
lakṛī kā pul (romanization)
लकड़ी का पुल (Hindi)

→ Telugu: లక్డికాపూల్ (lakḍikāpūl)

لَکْ ڑِی کا پُل

Literally, “the wooden bridge”, referring to a railway bridge.

Lakdi ka pul (a neighbourhood of Hyderabad, Telangana, India)


بلند شہر

ur-proper noun

بُلَنْد شَہَر

بُلَنْد شَہَر • (buland śahar) m (Hindi spelling बुलंदशहर)

بُلَنْد شَہَر (canonical)
buland śahar (romanization)
बुलंदशहर (Hindi)

/bʊ.lənd̪ ʃə.ɦəɾ/

بُ لَنْد شَ ہَر

Renaming of its original name, بَرَن (baran), to literally, “high city” due to its elevation of 195 metres on the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Bulandshahr (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


ولے پارلے

وِلے پارْلے • (vile pārle) m (Hindi spelling विले पार्ले)

وِلے پارْلے (canonical)
vile pārle (romanization)
विले पार्ले (Hindi)

وِ لے پارْ لے

Borrowed from Marathi विले पार्ले (vile pārle).

bor+

وِلے پارْلے کے ہِی نام پَر کَمْپَنِی کا نام بِھی پارْلے رَکھا گَیا

2020 June 12, “کورونا وائِرَس: پارْلے جِی کِی ریکارْڈ فَروخْت، لاک ڈاؤُن میں بِسْکِٹ کَمْپَنِیوں کا بول بالا [koronā vāiras: pārle jī kī rekārḍ faroxt, lāk ḍāun mẽ biskiṭ kampaniyõ kā bol bālā, Coronavirus: Parle G's record sales, biscuit companies are on top during lockdown]”, in BBC News Urdu, archived from the original on 2022-08-18:

The company was also named Parle after [the suburb of] Vile Parle itself.

Vile Parle (a suburb of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India)


بیڑ

ur-proper noun

بیڑ • (beṛ) ?

Beed (a city in central Maharashtra, India)


جوناگڑھ

جُوناگَڑھ • (jūnāgaṛh) ? (Hindi spelling जूनागढ़)

جُوناگَڑھ (canonical)
jūnāgaṛh (romanization)
जूनागढ़ (Hindi)

/d͡ʒuː.nɑː.ɡəɽʱ/

Borrowed from Gujarati જૂનાગઢ (jūnāgaḍh). By surface analysis, جُونا (jūnā, “old”) + گَڑھ (gaṛh, “fortress”).

etymon

جُوناگَڑھ