فاس

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


کھلنا

ur-proper noun

کُھلْنَا • (khulnā) m (Hindi spelling खुलना)

کُھلْنَا (canonical)
khulnā (romanization)
खुलना (Hindi)

Khulna (the capital city of Khulna Division, Bangladesh)


لندن

لَنْدَن • (landan) m (Hindi spelling लंदन)

لَنْدَن (canonical)
landan (romanization)
लंदन (Hindi)

Borrowed from English London, possibly through Persian لندن (landan).

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


کیف

کِیف (canonical)
kīf (romanization)
कीव (Hindi)

Borrowed from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev), perhaps through English Kiev, or another language.

2017 December 6, “کیف کے حالات دوسری جنگِ عظیم جیسے ہوگئے ہیں، یوکرینی وزیر خارجہ [Kyiv's situation has become similar to the situation of World War 2, minister of external affairs]”, in Jang:


مراکش

مَراکِش • (marākiś) m (Hindi spelling मराकिश)

مَراکِش (canonical)
marākiś (romanization)
मराकिश (Hindi)

/mə.ɾɑː.kɪʃ/

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَاکِش (marākiš), from Arabic مَرَّاكِش (marrākiš).

bor+

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


کابل

ur-proper noun

کابُل • (kābul) m (Hindi spelling काबुल)

کابُل (canonical)
kābul (romanization)
काबुल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کَابُل (kābul).


عمان

ur-proper noun

عَمّان • ('ammān) m (Hindi spelling अम्मान)

عَمّان (canonical)
'ammān (romanization)
अम्मान (Hindi)


باکو

باکُو (canonical)
bākū (romanization)
बाकू (Hindi)


بیروت

بَیرُوت • (bairūt) m (Hindi spelling बैरूत)

بَیرُوت (canonical)
bairūt (romanization)
बैरूत (Hindi)


ماسکو

ماسْکو • (māsko) m (Hindi spelling मास्को)

ماسْکو (canonical)
māsko (romanization)
मास्को (Hindi)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


مسقط

مَسْقَط • (masqat) m (Hindi spelling मस्क़त)

مَسْقَط (canonical)
masqat (romanization)
मस्क़त (Hindi)


دمشق

دَمِشْق • (damiśq) m (Hindi spelling दमिश्क़)

دَمِشْق (canonical)
damiśq (romanization)
दमिश्क़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دمشق (damišq), from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).


طرابلس

ur-proper noun

طَرابُلُس • (tarābulus) m (Hindi spelling तराबुलुस)

طَرابُلُس (canonical)
tarābulus (romanization)
तराबुलुस (Hindi)

ur:طرابلس، لبنان
ur:طرابلس، لیبیا

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس (ṭarābulus), from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
halab (romanization)
हलब (Hindi)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


نئی دہلی

ur-proper noun

نَئِی دِہْلی

نَئِی دِہْلی • (naī dihlī) f (Hindi spelling नई देहली)

نَئِی دِہْلی (canonical)
naī dihlī (romanization)
नई देहली (Hindi)

Calque of Hindi नई दिल्ली (naī dillī), equivalent to نئی (naī, “new”) + دہلی (dihlī, “Delhi”). Compare Punjabi نَوِیْں دِلّی (nauiīṉ dillī) / Punjabi ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ (navī̃ dillī).

cog

نَوِیْں دِلّی


اسلام آباد

ur-proper noun

اِسْلام آباد

اِسْلام آباد • (islām-ābād) m (Hindi spelling इस्लामाबाद)

اِسْلام آباد (canonical)
islām-ābād (romanization)
इस्लामाबाद (Hindi)

اِسْ‧لام‧آ‧باد

Etymology tree
Arabic أَسْلَمَ (ʔaslama)
Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām)bor.
Classical Persian اِسْلَام (islām)bor.
Urdu اِسْلَام (islām)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der.
Middle Persian ʾp̄ʾt'
Classical Persian آبَاد (ābād)bor.
Urdu آباد (ābād)
Urdu اِسْلام آباد (islām ābād)
From اِسْلَام (islām) + آباد (ābād).

etymon

اِسْلَام>Islam

اِسْلام آباد

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


بیجنگ

ur-proper noun

بیجنگ • (bejiṅg) m (Hindi spelling बेजिंग)

/beː.d͡ʒɪŋɡ/

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


سنگاپور

سِن٘گاپُور • (siṅgāpūr) m (Hindi spelling सिंगापुर)

سِن٘گاپُور (canonical)
siṅgāpūr (romanization)
सिंगापुर (Hindi)

/sɪŋ.ɡɑː.puːɾ/

Ultimately inherited from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhapura).

inh+

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


لاہور

ur-proper noun

لاہَور • (lāhaur) m (Hindi spelling लाहौर)

لاہَور (canonical)
lāhaur (romanization)
लाहौर (Hindi)

Unknown or disputed. A legend claims to be inherited from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”, from Ramayana, a Hindu epic. Compare Punjabi لَہَوْر (lahaur).

unknown

Unknown or disputed

com

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


برلن

ur-proper noun

بَرْلِن • (barlin) m (Hindi spelling बर्लिन)

بَرْلِن (canonical)
barlin (romanization)
बर्लिन (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Berlin, itself from German Berlin.

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


تاشقند

تاشْقَنْد • (tāśqand) m (Hindi spelling ताशक़ंद)

تاشْقَنْد (canonical)
tāśqand (romanization)
ताशक़ंद (Hindi)

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


پیرس

پَیْرِس • (pairis) m (Hindi spelling पेरिस)

پَیْرِس (canonical)
pairis (romanization)
पेरिस (Hindi)

→ Punjabi: پَیرَس (pairas)

Borrowed from English Paris. Compare Punjabi پَیْرَس (pairas).

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


پشاور

پِشاوَر • (piśāvar) m (Hindi spelling पेशावर)

پِشاوَر (canonical)
piśāvar (romanization)
पेशावर (Hindi)

/pɪ.ʃɑː.ʋəɾ/

Corrupted from Classical Persian پَرَشَاوَر (parašāvar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरूषपुर (purūṣapura). Cognates Pashto پېښور (pex̌awar) and Punjabi پِشَور (piśaur).

der

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


ابو ظہبی

ur-proper noun

اَبُو ظَہْبی

اَبُو ظَہْبی • (abū zahbī) m (Hindi spelling अबू धाबी)

اَبُو ظَہْبی (canonical)
abū zahbī (romanization)
अबू धाबी (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby). Spelling likely influenced from English Abu Dhabi.

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


دبئی

ur-proper noun

دُبَئی • (dubaī) m (Hindi spelling दुबई)

دُبَئی (canonical)
dubaī (romanization)
दुबई (Hindi)

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


شارجہ

شارْجَہ • (śārja) m (Hindi spelling शारजाह)

شارْجَہ (canonical)
śārja (romanization)
शारजाह (Hindi)

/ʃɑːɾ.d͡ʒɑ(ːɦ)/

Borrowed from Gulf Arabic الشارجة (aš-šārja), from Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa). Likely influenced from English Sharjah and/or Persian شارجه (šârje).

der

اَلشَّارِقَة

Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa)

Sharjah (the capital city of Sharjah emirate, United Arab Emirates)


بروخے

ur-proper noun

بْرُوخے • (brūxe) m (Hindi spelling ब्रूख़े)

بْرُوخے (canonical)
brūxe (romanization)
ब्रूख़े (Hindi)

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


برسلز

بْرَسَلْز • (brasalz) m (Hindi spelling ब्रसल्ज़)

بْرَسَلْز (canonical)
brasalz (romanization)
ब्रसल्ज़ (Hindi)


اشبیلیہ

اَشْبِیلِیَہ

اَشْبِیلِیَہ • (aśbīliyah) m (Hindi spelling अश्बीलिया)

اَشْبِیلِیَہ (canonical)
aśbīliyah (romanization)
अश्बीलिया (Hindi)

اَشْ‧بی‧لِ‧یَہ

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya).

bor+

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


تہران

ur-proper noun

تَہْران • (tahrān) m (Hindi spelling तेहरान)

تَہْران (canonical)
tahrān (romanization)
तेहरान (Hindi)


ایتھنز

ایتَھنْز or اِیتَھنْز • (ethanz or īthanz) m (Hindi spelling एथन्ज़ or ईथन्ज़)

ایتَھنْز (canonical)
اِیتَھنْز (canonical)
ethanz (romanization)
īthanz (romanization)
एथन्ज़ (Hindi)
ईथन्ज़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Athens, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνῶν (Athēnôn).


جہانگیر نگر

جہانگیر نگر • (jahāṅgīr nagar) m (Hindi spelling जहाँगीर नगर)

jahāṅgīr nagar (romanization)
जहाँगीर नगर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒə.ɦɑːŋ.ɡiːɾ nə.ɡəɾ/

ڈھاکہ عجیب شہر، نام جہانگیر نگر، دو چار شریف ہے، باقی کٹّی تمام

Dhaka is a strange city, its name is Jahangirnagar, there are a few nobles, the rest are all Kuttis.

ḍhākā ajīb śahar, nām jahāṅgīr nagar, do cār śarīf hai, bāqī kuṭṭī tamām

Kingbadantir Dhaka (1995), Nazir Hossain, Paradise Printers

Jahangirnagar (former name of Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh)


لیل

لِیل (canonical)
līl (romanization)
लील (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Lille, ultimately taken from French Lille (with possible influence from Arabic لِيل (līl)).

Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


لیون

Borrowed from English Lyon, taken from French Lyon.

Lyon (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


مشہد

مَشْہَد • (maśhad) m (Hindi spelling मशहद)

مَشْہَد (canonical)
maśhad (romanization)
मशहद (Hindi)

Mashhad (The second largest city in Iran; capital of Razavi Khorasan)


ڈھاکہ

ڈھاکَہ • (ḍhāka) m (Hindi spelling ढाका)

ڈھاکَہ (canonical)
ḍhāka (romanization)
ढाका (Hindi)

→ Pashto: ډاکه (ḍāká)


کراچی

کَراچی • (karācī) m (Hindi spelling कराची)

کَراچی (canonical)
karācī (romanization)
कराची (Hindi)

/kə.ɾɑː.t͡ʃiː/

Supposedly from Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī), named after Mai Kolachi.

bor

Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī)

Karachi (the largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province)


بعلبک

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَعْلَبَکّ (ba'labakk), from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


قاہرہ

ur-proper noun

قاہِرَہ • (qāhira) m (Hindi spelling क़ाहिरा)

قاہِرَہ (canonical)
qāhira (romanization)
क़ाहिरा (Hindi)

/qɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑ(ː)/

Borrowed from Classical Persian قاهره (qāhira), itself from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


مظفر آباد

ur-proper noun

مُظَفَّر آباد

मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद

مُظَفَّر آباد • (muz̤affar ābād) m (Hindi spelling मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद)

مُظَفَّر آباد (canonical)
muz̤affar ābād (romanization)
मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (Hindi)

desc

مُظَفَّر أَبَاد

→ Arabic: مُظَفَّر أَبَاد (muẓaffar ʔabād)

→ English: Muzaffarabad

मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद

→ Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (muzaffarābād)

From مُظَفَّر (muz̤affar) + آباد (-ābād), named after Sultan Muzaffar Khan who founded the city.

Muzaffarabad (the capital city of the region of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan).


گلگت

ur-proper noun

گِلْگِت • (gilgit) m (Hindi spelling गिल्गित)

گِلْگِت (canonical)
gilgit (romanization)
गिल्गित (Hindi)

Gilgit (the capital city of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan)


ایڈنبرا

اِیڈِنْبْرا or اِیڈِن٘بْرا • (īḍinbrā or īḍimbrā) m (Hindi spelling ईडिन्ब्रा or ईडिन٘ब्रा)

اِیڈِنْبْرا (canonical)
اِیڈِن٘بْرا (canonical)
īḍinbrā (romanization)
īḍimbrā (romanization)
ईडिन्ब्रा (Hindi)
ईडिन٘ब्रा (Hindi)

/ɛː.ɖɪn.bɾɑː/

اِی‧ڈِن‧بْرا

وقت ختم ہو جانے کی وجہ سے سوال و جواب کا موقع نہ مل سکا۔ نماز کے بعد کھانا کھایا اور پھر ایڈنبرا چل دیئے۔

1994, خلیل احمد حامدی [Ḵẖalīl Ahṃad Ḥāmidī], آفاقِ دعوت: عالمی سفروں کے مشاہدات و تعثرات [Āfāq-i daʻvat: ʻalamī safaron̲ ke mushāhadāt va taʼas̲urāt, The World of Invitations: Observations and impressions of travelling the world], Lahore, →OCLC, page 60:

As time was running out, there was no opportunity for a question and answer session. After prayer, we had food and set off for Edinburgh.

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)