فاس

Fez (the capital city of the region of Fez-Meknes, Morocco)


الجزائر

ur-proper noun

اَلْجَزَائِر

اَلْجَزَائِر • (aljaza'ir) m (Hindi spelling अल-जज़ाइर)

اَلْجَزَائِر (canonical)
aljaza'ir (romanization)
अल-जज़ाइर (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).

bor+

چناچہ الجزائر میں اسلامک سالویشن فرنٹ کو اقتدار میں نہ آ نے دیا گیا اور ترکی میں رفاہ پارٹی کی بساط لپیٹ دی گئی۔

2004, ایوب صابر [Ayyūb Ṣābir], معترضین اقبال : معترضین و مخالفین کے مختلف گروہ [Muʻtariz̤īn-i Iqbāl : muʻtariz̤īn o muxālifīn ke muxtalif giroh], New Delhi: انترنیشنل اردو پبلیکیشنز [International Urdu Publications], →OCLC, page 84:

Therefore, the Islamic Salvation Front was not allowed to come to power in Algeria and the Welfare Party in Turkey was overthrown.


مصر

مِصْر (canonical)
misr (romanization)
मिस्र (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مِصْر (misr), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

قِبْرِص فِلِسْطِین اِسْرائِیل لِبْنان یَمَن عُمان مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات قَطَر بَحْرِین کُوَیت

مصر جانے کو جی مچلتا ہے

2004, مرزا طاہر احمد [Mirza Tahir Ahmad], رَبِّ اِنِّی لِمَا اَنزَلتَ اِلَیَّ مِن خَیر فَقِیر (poetry), quoted in کلامِ طاہر [Kalam-e-Tahir], pages 99-100:

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

(by extension) cities south of Cairo in Egypt.


کھلنا

ur-proper noun

کُھلْنَا • (khulnā) m (Hindi spelling खुलना)

کُھلْنَا (canonical)
khulnā (romanization)
खुलना (Hindi)

Khulna (the capital city of Khulna Division, Bangladesh)


ترکی

تُرْکی • (turkī) m (Hindi spelling तुर्की)

تُرْکی (canonical)
turkī (romanization)
तुर्की (Hindi)

Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Europe
:Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Middle East
Phono-semantic matching of English Turkey.

phono-semantic matching

Turkey (a country in Asia and Europe) [from 20th c.], Republic of Turkey


پارسی

ur-noun

پَارْسِی • (pārsī) m (Hindi spelling पारसी)

پَارْسِی (canonical)
pārsī (romanization)
पारसी (Hindi)
پَارْسِی (direct singular)
پَارْسِی (direct plural)
پَارْسِی (oblique singular)
پَارْسِِیوں (oblique plural)
پَارْسِی (singular vocative)
پَارْسِِیو (plural vocative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀭𑀲 (pārasa), from Sanskrit पारसिक (pārasika), from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩' (pʾlsy /Pārs/), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa). Cognate with Bengali পারসি (parśi), Gujarati પારસી (pārsī), Marathi पारशी (pārśī), and Punjabi پَارْسِی / ਪਾਰਸੀ (pārsī).

ref

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pārasika”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 457

cog

Punjabi پَارْسِی


آئرلینڈ

ur-proper noun

آئِرْلَینْڈ • (āirlainḍ) m (Hindi spelling आयरलैंड)

آئِرْلَینْڈ (canonical)
āirlainḍ (romanization)
आयरलैंड (Hindi)

/ɑː.ɪɾ.lɛːnɖ/

Ireland (a country in Europe; capital: Dublin)


ایران

اِیران (canonical)
īrān (romanization)
ईरान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِیرَان (īrān), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyr ʾn /ērān/).

bor+

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


بیت المقدس

Borrowed from Arabic بيت المقدس (bayt al-maqdis)

Jerusalem (a city in Israel; city in Palestine)

(by extension) Jerusalem (a district of Israel, Palestine)


یونان

ur-proper noun

یُونان • (yūnān) m (Hindi spelling यूनान)

یُونان (canonical)
yūnān (romanization)
यूनान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یونان (yunān), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía, “Ionia”).

bor+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


چینی

ur-noun

چِینِی • (cīnī) m or f (Hindi spelling चीनी)

چِینِی (canonical)
cīnī (romanization)
चीनी (Hindi)
چِینی (direct singular)
چِینی (direct plural)
چِینی (oblique singular)
چِینِیوں (oblique plural)
چِینی (singular vocative)
چِینِیو (plural vocative)
چِینی (direct singular)
چِینِیاں (direct plural)
چِینی (oblique singular)
چِینِیوں (oblique plural)
چِینی (singular vocative)
چِینِیو (plural vocative)


چینی

چِینِی (canonical)
cīnī (romanization)
चीनी (Hindi)


سوری

سُورِی (canonical)
sūrī (romanization)
सूरी (Hindi)


تاج محل

ur-proper noun

تاج مَحَل • (tāj mahal) m (Hindi spelling ताज महल)

تاج مَحَل (canonical)
tāj mahal (romanization)
ताज महल (Hindi)

[t̪ɑːd͡ʒ‿mɛ.ɦɛl]

From تاج (tāj, “crown”) + محل (mahal, “palace”).

af

Taj Mahal (a monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world)


انگلینڈ

ur-proper noun

اِن٘گْلَینْڈ

اِن٘گْلَینْڈ • (iṅglainḍ) m (Hindi spelling इंग्लैंड)

اِن٘گْلَینْڈ (canonical)
iṅglainḍ (romanization)
इंग्लैंड (Hindi)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


انڈیا

اِنْڈِیا • (inḍiyā) m (Hindi spelling इंडिया)

اِنْڈِیا (canonical)
inḍiyā (romanization)
इंडिया (Hindi)

Borrowed from English India. Doublet of ہِنْدِیَہ (hindiya).

ہندوستان ہندوستان#Urdu

(informal) Synonym of ہندوستان (hindūstān)


علاقہ

ur-noun

عِلَاقَہ جَات

عِلاقَہ • ('ilāqa) m (formal plural عَلائِق ('alāiq) or عِلَاقَہ جَات ('ilāqa jāt), Hindi spelling इलाक़ा)

عِلاقَہ (canonical)
'ilāqa (romanization)
عَلائِق (formal plural)
عِلَاقَہ جَات (formal plural)
इलाक़ा (Hindi)
عِلاقَہ (direct singular)
span> " lang="ur">عِلاقے (direct plural)
span> " lang="ur">عِلاقے (oblique singular)
span> " lang="ur">عِلاقوں (oblique plural)
span> " lang="ur">عِلاقے (singular vocative)
span> " lang="ur">عِلاقو (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Arabic عَلَاقَة (ʕalāqa)bor.
Classical Persian عِلَاقَه (ilāqa)bor.
Urdu علاقہ
Borrowed from Classical Persian عِلَاقَه (ilāqa), from Arabic عَلَاقَة (ʕalāqa). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi علاقہ ('laqh).


گنگا

Ganges, Ganga (a major river in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, India; major river in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Chittagong and Barisal Divisions, Bangladesh)


عراق

ur-proper noun

عِراق • ('irāq) m (Hindi spelling इराक़)

عِراق (canonical)
'irāq (romanization)
इराक़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عِراق ('irāq), from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).

bor+

Iraq (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


بھارت

ur-proper noun

بھارَت • (bhārat) m (Hindi spelling भारत)

بھارَت (canonical)
bhārat (romanization)
भारत (Hindi)


پاکستان

پاکِسْتان • (pākistān) m (Hindi spelling पाकिस्तान)

پاکِسْتان (canonical)
pākistān (romanization)
पाकिस्तान (Hindi)

desc

→ Arabic: بَاكِسْتَان (bākistān), الْبَاكِسْتَان (al-bākistān)

→ English: Pakistan

→ Hindi: पाकिस्तान (pākistān)

→ Uzbek: Pokiston

→ Latin: Pācistānia, Pākistānia

Coined by Choudhry Rahmat Ali as an acronym of Punjab, "Afghania", Kashmir, Sindh and Balochistan. The name is also analyzed as پاک (pāk, “pure”) + ـستان (-stān, “land”).


شہر

شَہْر (canonical)
śahr (romanization)
शहर (Hindi)
شَہَر (direct singular)
شَہَر (direct plural)
شَہَر (oblique singular)
شَہَروں (oblique plural)
شَہَر (singular vocative)
شَہَرو (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám
Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)
Classical Persian شهرbor.
Urdu شہر
Borrowed from Classical Persian شَهر (šahr), from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy /šahr/), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram (likely through Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra, “kingdom”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to attain”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatrá, “dominion, kingdom”), and Parthian 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓 (ḥštr /xšahr/). Doublet of کھاتا (khātā).


پہاڑ

ur-noun

پَہاڑ • (pahāṛ) m (Hindi spelling पहाड़)

پَہاڑ (canonical)
pahāṛ (romanization)
पहाड़ (Hindi)
پہاڑ (direct singular)
پہاڑ (direct plural)
پہاڑ (oblique singular)
پہاڑوں (oblique plural)
پہاڑ (singular vocative)
پہاڑو (plural vocative)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀧𑀸𑀳𑀸𑀟 (*pāhāḍa, “mountain”). Cognate with Punjabi پَہاڑ (pahāṛ) / ਪਹਾੜ (pahāṛ), Nepali पहाड (pahāḍ), Gujarati પહાડ (pahāḍ), Bengali পাহাড় (pahaṛ), Assamese পাহাৰ (pahar), Sylheti ꠙꠣꠀꠠ (faaṛ).


جنگل

ur-noun

جَن٘گَل • (jaṅgal) m (Hindi spelling जंगल)

جَن٘گَل (canonical)
jaṅgal (romanization)
जंगल (Hindi)
جنگل (direct singular)
جنگل (direct plural)
جنگل (oblique singular)
جنگلوں (oblique plural)
جنگل (singular vocative)
جنگلو (plural vocative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid or sterile region”).


انگلستان

ur-proper noun

اِن٘گْلِسْتان

اِن٘گْلِسْتان • (iṅglistān) m (Hindi spelling इंगलिस्तान)

اِن٘گْلِسْتان (canonical)
iṅglistān (romanization)
इंगलिस्तान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اِنْگِلِسْتان (ingilistân)

bor+

اِنْگِلِسْتان

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom), Inglistan


افغانستان

ur-proper noun

اَفْغانِسْتان

اَفْغانِسْتان • (afġānistān) m (Hindi spelling अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान)

اَفْغانِسْتان (canonical)
afġānistān (romanization)
अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

bor+

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)

ur:افغانستان


ایرانی

ur-adj

اِیرانِی • (īrānī) (Hindi spelling ईरानी)

اِیرانِی (canonical)
īrānī (romanization)
ईरानी (Hindi)


ایرانی

ur-noun

اِیرانِی • (īrānī) m or f (Hindi spelling ईरानी)

اِیرانِی (canonical)
īrānī (romanization)
ईरानी (Hindi)
اِیرانی (direct singular)
اِیرانی (direct plural)
اِیرانی (oblique singular)
اِیرانِیوں (oblique plural)
اِیرانی (singular vocative)
اِیرانِیو (plural vocative)
اِیرانی (direct singular)
اِیرانِیاں (direct plural)
اِیرانی (oblique singular)
اِیرانِیوں (oblique plural)
اِیرانی (singular vocative)
اِیرانِیو (plural vocative)


برطانیہ

ur-proper noun

بَرْطانِیَہ • (bartāniya) m (Hindi spelling बर्तानिया)

بَرْطانِیَہ (canonical)
bartāniya (romanization)
बर्तानिया (Hindi)

بَر‧طا‧نِ‧یَہ

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Βρεττανία (Brettanía)bor.
Latin Britanniabor.?
Arabic بِرِطَانِيَة (biriṭāniya)bor.
Classical Persian بِرِطَانِیَه (biritāniya)bor.
Urdu بَرْطانِیَہ (bartāniya)
From Classical Persian بِرِطَانِیَه (biritāniya), from Arabic بِرِطَانِيَة (biriṭāniya) or بَرْطَانِيَة (barṭāniya), ultimately from Latin Britannia. Compare Pashto برطانيه (bartānya).

etymon

بَرْطانِیَہ

bor

بِرِطَانِیَه

der

بِرِطَانِيَة


لندن

ur-proper noun

لَنْدَن • (landan) m (Hindi spelling लंदन)

لَنْدَن (canonical)
landan (romanization)
लंदन (Hindi)

Borrowed from English London, possibly through Persian لندن (landan).

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


چین

:Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary (canonical)
ur:map (canonical)
Indian subcontinent چِین (canonical)
cīn (romanization)
चीन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna). Possibly influenced by Classical Persian چین (čīn, “China”).


بہار

بِہار • (bihār) m (Hindi spelling बिहार)

بِہار (canonical)
bihār (romanization)
बिहार (Hindi)

Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Indian subcontinent
Transliteration of Hindi बिहार (bihār)


اسرائیل

اِسْرائِیل • (isrāīl) m (Hindi spelling इस्राइल)

اِسْرائِیل (canonical)
isrāīl (romanization)
इस्राइल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl), itself from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisrá'él).


کیف

کِیف (canonical)
kīf (romanization)
कीव (Hindi)

Borrowed from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev), perhaps through English Kiev, or another language.

2017 December 6, “کیف کے حالات دوسری جنگِ عظیم جیسے ہوگئے ہیں، یوکرینی وزیر خارجہ [Kyiv's situation has become similar to the situation of World War 2, minister of external affairs]”, in Jang:


تبت

ur-proper noun

تِبَّت • (tibbat) m (Hindi spelling तिब्बत)

تِبَّت (canonical)
tibbat (romanization)
तिब्बत (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian تبت (tibbat).

bor+

Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region#English

Tibet (an autonomous region of China; official name: Tibet Autonomous Region; capital: Lhasa).


کویت

ur-proper noun

کُوَیْت • (kuvait) m (Hindi spelling कुवैत)

کُوَیْت (canonical)
kuvait (romanization)
कुवैत (Hindi)

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


اردن

اُرْدُن • (urdun) m (Hindi spelling उर्दुन)

اُرْدُن (canonical)
urdun (romanization)
उर्दुन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian اُرْدُن (urdun), itself from Arabic الْأُرْدُنّ (al-ʔurdunn).

bor+

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


فلسطین

ur-proper noun

فِلِسْطِین • (filistīn) m (Hindi spelling फ़िलिस्तीन)

فِلِسْطِین (canonical)
filistīn (romanization)
फ़िलिस्तीन (Hindi)

فِ‧لِسْ‧طِین

Borrowed from Arabic فِلَسْطِين (filasṭīn), likely influenced by Classical Persian فلسطین (falastīn). Compare Punjabi فَلَسْطِین (falast̤īn).

bor+

Palestine (The region in Western Asia in the Middle East between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River)

Palestine (A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)


مراکش

ur-proper noun

مَراکِش • (marākiś) m (Hindi spelling मराकिश)

مَراکِش (canonical)
marākiś (romanization)
मराकिश (Hindi)

/mə.ɾɑː.kɪʃ/

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَرَاکِش (marākiš), from Arabic مَرَّاكِش (marrākiš).

bor+

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


لبنان

ur-proper noun

لِبْنان • (libnān) m (Hindi spelling लेबनान)

لِبْنان (canonical)
libnān (romanization)
लेबनान (Hindi)

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


دامن

دامَن (canonical)
dāman (romanization)
दामन (Hindi)
دامَن (direct singular)
دامَن (direct plural)
دامَن (oblique singular)
دامَنوں (oblique plural)
دامَن (singular vocative)
دامَنو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دامن (dāman).


ریاست

ur-noun

رِیاسَت • (riyāsat) f (formal plural رِیاسات (riyāsāt) or رِیاسَتہا, Hindi spelling रियासत)

رِیاسَت (canonical)
riyāsat (romanization)
رِیاسات (formal plural)
رِیاسَتہا (formal plural)
रियासत (Hindi)
ریاست (direct singular)
ریاستیں (direct plural)
ریاست (oblique singular)
ریاستوں (oblique plural)
ریاست (singular vocative)
ریاستو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ریاست (riyāsat), from Arabic رِئَاسَة (riʔāsa).


ازبکستان

ur-proper noun

اُزْبَکِسْتان

उज़्बेकिस्तान

اُزْبَکِسْتان • (uzbakistān) m (Hindi spelling उज़्बेकिस्तान)

اُزْبَکِسْتان (canonical)
uzbakistān (romanization)
उज़्बेकिस्तान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ازبکستان (uzbakistān).


یہودیہ

ur-proper noun

یَہُودِیَہ • (yahūdiya) m (Hindi spelling यहूदीया)

یَہُودِیَہ (canonical)
yahūdiya (romanization)
यहूदीया (Hindi)

Borrowed from Latin Iūdaea, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαία (Ioudaía), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá).

Judea (an ancient region in ancient Israel)


یمن

یَمَن (canonical)
yaman (romanization)
यमन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian یمن (yaman), from Arabic اَلْيَمَن (al-yaman).

bor+

Yemen (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


مکہ

ur-proper noun

مَکَّہ • (makkah) m (Hindi spelling मक्का)

مَکَّہ (canonical)
makkah (romanization)
मक्का (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مَکَّه (makka), from Arabic مَكَّة (makka). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi مکہ (mkh /makka/).

bor+

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam).


حیفا

ur-noun

حَیفا • (ḥaifā) m (Hindi spelling हैफ़ा)

حَیفا (canonical)
ḥaifā (romanization)
हैफ़ा (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic حَيْفَا (ḥayfā), ultimately from Hebrew חֵיפָה (ḥēfáh).

(by extension) Haifa (a district of Israel)


کابل

ur-proper noun

کابُل • (kābul) m (Hindi spelling काबुल)

کابُل (canonical)
kābul (romanization)
काबुल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کَابُل (kābul).


عمان

عُمان (canonical)
'umān (romanization)
ओमान (Hindi)

Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Middle East
Borrowed from Arabic عُمَان (ʕumān).

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


عمان

ur-proper noun

عَمّان • ('ammān) m (Hindi spelling अम्मान)

عَمّان (canonical)
'ammān (romanization)
अम्मान (Hindi)


قزاقستان

क़ज़ाक़िस्तान

कज़ाख़िस्तान

قَزاقِسْتان • (qazāqistān) m (Hindi spelling क़ज़ाक़िस्तान or कज़ाख़स्तान or कज़ाख़िस्तान)

قَزاقِسْتان (canonical)
qazāqistān (romanization)
क़ज़ाक़िस्तान (Hindi)
कज़ाख़स्तान (Hindi)
कज़ाख़िस्तान (Hindi)

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


ارمنستان

اَرْمَنِسْتان

اَرْمَنِسْتان • (armanistān) m (Hindi spelling अर्मनिस्तान)

اَرْمَنِسْتان (canonical)
armanistān (romanization)
अर्मनिस्तान (Hindi)

اَرْ‧مَ‧نِسْ‧تان

Borrowed from Classical Persian اَرْمَنِسْتان (armanistān).

bor+

اَرْمَنِسْتان

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


عربستان

ur-noun

عَرَبِسْتان • ('arabistān) m (Hindi spelling अरबिस्तान)

عَرَبِسْتان (canonical)
'arabistān (romanization)
अरबिस्तान (Hindi)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

the Arabian Peninsula; Arabia (A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (The region within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


کردستان

ur-proper noun

کُرْدِسْتان • (kurdistān) m (Hindi spelling कुर्दिस्तान)

کُرْدِسْتان (canonical)
kurdistān (romanization)
कुर्दिस्तान (Hindi)

کُرْ‧دِسْ‧تان

From کرد (Kurd) + ـستان (-istān, “land of...”), or possibly borrowed from Classical Persian کردستان (kurdistān).

bor+

Kurdistan (A region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds. It encompasses parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)

(by extension) Kurdistan (an autonomous region in northern and northeastern Iraq lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)

(by extension) Kurdistan (a province in northwestern Iran lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)


چمن

چَمَن (canonical)
caman (romanization)
चमन (Hindi)

Chaman (a city in Qilla Abdullah district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


آبادی

ur-noun

آبادی • (ābādī) f (Hindi spelling आबादी)

ābādī (romanization)
आबादी (Hindi)
آبادی (direct singular)
آبادِیاں (direct plural)
آبادی (oblique singular)
آبادِیوں (oblique plural)
آبادی (singular vocative)
آبادِیو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian آبادی (ābādi). Equivalent to آباد (ābād) + ـی (-ī).

suffix

آباد (ābād) + ـی (-ī)


آسٹریلیا

ur-proper noun

آسْٹْریلِیا • (āsṭreliyā) m (Hindi spelling ऑस्ट्रेलिया)

آسْٹْریلِیا (canonical)
āsṭreliyā (romanization)
ऑस्ट्रेलिया (Hindi)

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


سمندر

ur-noun

سَمُنْدَر • (samundar) f (Hindi spelling समंदर)

سَمُنْدَر (canonical)
samundar (romanization)
समंदर (Hindi)
سمندر (direct singular)
سمندر (direct plural)
سمندر (oblique singular)
سمندروں (oblique plural)
سمندر (singular vocative)
سمندرو (plural vocative)

→ Pashto: سمندر (samandar)

→ Torwali: سمندر (samandar)

→ Ushojo: سمندر (samandar)

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of سَمُدْر (samudr). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi سمندر (smndr).

slbor

(figuratively) vast; boundless; limitless (entity, land etc.)


باکو

باکُو (canonical)
bākū (romanization)
बाकू (Hindi)


پنجاب

ur-proper noun

پَنْجاب • (panjāb) m (Hindi spelling पंजाब)

پَنْجاب (canonical)
panjāb (romanization)
पंजाब (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پنجاب (panjāb), from پنج (panj, “five”) and آب (āb, “water”), essentially a calque of Sanskrit पञ्चनद (pañcanada, “five rivers”).

cog

Punjab (a province of Pakistan, Western Punjab; capital: Lahore)

Punjab (a state of India, Eastern Punjab; capital: Chandigarh)


تھائی لینڈ

ur-proper noun

تھائِی لَینْڈ

تھائِی لَینْڈ • (thāī lainḍ) m (Hindi spelling थाईलैंड)

تھائِی لَینْڈ (canonical)
thāī lainḍ (romanization)
थाईलैंड (Hindi)

/t̪ʰɑː.iː lɛːnɖ/


مصری

ur-adj

مِصْرِی • (misrī) (Hindi spelling मिसरी)

مِصْرِی (canonical)
misrī (romanization)
मिसरी (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْرِيّ (miṣriyy). By surface analysis, مصر (misr) + ـی (-ī).


شام

Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Levant
:Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Middle East
Borrowed from Classical Persian شام (šām, “Greater Syria; Levant”), from Arabic الشَّام (aš-šām, “Levant; Damascus”).

der

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)

(by extension) Greater Syria, the Levant (a region of Western Asia, in the Middle East)


مردان

ur-proper noun

مَرْدان • (mardān) m (Hindi spelling मरदान)

مَرْدان (canonical)
mardān (romanization)
मरदान (Hindi)

From Pashto مردان (mardān), Classical Persian مردان (mardān) ("men").

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

Mardan (a city in Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


بستی

ur-noun

بَسْتی • (bastī) f (Hindi spelling बस्ती)

بَسْتی (canonical)
bastī (romanization)
बस्ती (Hindi)
بستی (direct singular)
بستِیاں (direct plural)
بستی (oblique singular)
بستِیوں (oblique plural)
بستی (singular vocative)
بستِیو (plural vocative)

بسطی (bast̤ī)

Inherited from Middle Hindi بستی (bsty) (c. 1657), semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit वसति (vasati).


آخن

آخَن (canonical)
āxan (romanization)
आख़न (Hindi)

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany).


فارس

Borrowed from Classical Persian فَارِس (fāris), from Arabic فَارِس (fāris), from Early New Persian پَارْس (pārs, “Persia, Persis”).

bor+

شَہَنْشاہِ فارِس


بیروت

ur-proper noun

بَیرُوت • (bairūt) m (Hindi spelling बैरूत)

بَیرُوت (canonical)
bairūt (romanization)
बैरूत (Hindi)


سوریہ

سُورِیَہ • (sūriya) m (Hindi spelling सूरिया)

سُورِیَہ (canonical)
sūriya (romanization)
सूरिया (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سُورِیَه (sūriya), from Arabic سُورِيَة (sūriya).

bor+

شام شام#Urdu

Synonym of شام (śām): Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


شلا

Three Kingdoms of Korea
w:Three Kingdoms of Korea

Silla (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


یورپ

ur-proper noun

یُورَپ • (yūrap) m (Hindi spelling यूरप)

یُورَپ (canonical)
yūrap (romanization)
यूरप (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Europe, ultimately from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


بخارا

بخارا • (buxārā) ? (Hindi spelling बुख़ारा)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بخارا (buxārā).


سمرقند

Borrowed from Classical Persian سمرقند (samarqand).

Samarkand (a city in eastern Uzbekistan)


مستونگ

ur-proper noun

مَسْتُون٘گ • (mastūṅg) ? (Hindi spelling मस्तूंग)

مَسْتُون٘گ (canonical)
mastūṅg (romanization)
मस्तूंग (Hindi)

A district in northwestern Balochistan, Pakistan


حب

حَب (canonical)
hab (romanization)
हब (Hindi)

Hub (a city in Hub district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


کرناٹک

کَرْناٹَک • (karnāṭak) m (Hindi spelling कर्नाटक)

کَرْناٹَک (canonical)
karnāṭak (romanization)
कर्नाटक (Hindi)

Transliteration of Hindi कर्नाटक (karnāṭak)


مہاراشٹر

ur-proper noun

مَہاراشْٹَر • (mahārāśṭar) m (Hindi spelling महाराष्ट्र)

مَہاراشْٹَر (canonical)
mahārāśṭar (romanization)
महाराष्ट्र (Hindi)

/mə.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʃ.ʈɾɑː/

/mə.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʃ.ʈəɾ/

Borrowed from Sanskrit महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra).

bor+

Maharashtra (a state of India; capital: Mumbai)


آندھرا پردیش

ur-proper noun

आंध्र प्रदेश

آندھرا پردیش • (Āndhrā Pradeś) m (Hindi spelling आंध्र प्रदेश)

Āndhrā Pradeś (romanization)
आंध्र प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ɑːn.d̪ʱɾə.pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

ur:آندھرا پردیش


ماسکو

ماسْکو • (māsko) m (Hindi spelling मास्को)

ماسْکو (canonical)
māsko (romanization)
मास्को (Hindi)

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


روس

رُوس (canonical)
rūs (romanization)
रूस (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian روس (rūs), from Arabic رُوس (rūs), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).

bor+

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


مسقط

ur-proper noun

مَسْقَط • (masqat) m (Hindi spelling मस्क़त)

مَسْقَط (canonical)
masqat (romanization)
मस्क़त (Hindi)


دمشق

دَمِشْق • (damiśq) m (Hindi spelling दमिश्क़)

دَمِشْق (canonical)
damiśq (romanization)
दमिश्क़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دمشق (damišq), from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).


طرابلس

ur-proper noun

طَرابُلُس • (tarābulus) m (Hindi spelling तराबुलुस)

طَرابُلُس (canonical)
tarābulus (romanization)
तराबुलुस (Hindi)

ur:طرابلس، لبنان
ur:طرابلس، لیبیا

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَابُلُس (ṭarābulus), from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


استونیا

ur-proper noun

استونیا • (istūnīā) m


تبریز

تَبْریز • (tabrez) m (Hindi spelling तबरेज़)

تَبْریز (canonical)
tabrez (romanization)
तबरेज़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian تبریز (tabrēz).

bor+

East Azerbaijan Province
East Azerbaijan Province#English

Tabriz (a city in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran)


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
halab (romanization)
हलब (Hindi)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


ویتنام

ur-proper noun

وِیَتْنَام • (viyatnām) m (Hindi spelling वियतनाम)

وِیَتْنَام (canonical)
viyatnām (romanization)
वियतनाम (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Vietnam, from Vietnamese Việt Nam.


نئی دہلی

نَئِی دِہْلی

نَئِی دِہْلی • (naī dihlī) f (Hindi spelling नई देहली)

نَئِی دِہْلی (canonical)
naī dihlī (romanization)
नई देहली (Hindi)

Calque of Hindi नई दिल्ली (naī dillī), equivalent to نئی (naī, “new”) + دہلی (dihlī, “Delhi”). Compare Punjabi نَوِیْں دِلّی (nauiīṉ dillī) / Punjabi ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ (navī̃ dillī).

cog

نَوِیْں دِلّی


اسلام آباد

ur-proper noun

اِسْلام آباد

اِسْلام آباد • (islām-ābād) m (Hindi spelling इस्लामाबाद)

اِسْلام آباد (canonical)
islām-ābād (romanization)
इस्लामाबाद (Hindi)

اِسْ‧لام‧آ‧باد

af

اسلام (islām) + آباد (-ābād)

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)

اننت ناگ
اننت ناگ#Urdu

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Synonym of اننت ناگ (Anantnag (a city in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir))

اننت ناگ

(loosely, Ahmadiyya) Tilford (a civil parish of Surrey, South East, England)

the former name of Chittagong, a city in Bangladesh


بیجنگ

ur-proper noun

بیجنگ • (bejiṅg) m (Hindi spelling बेजिंग)

/beː.d͡ʒɪŋɡ/

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


بیلاروس

بیلارُوس • (belārūs) m (Hindi spelling बेलारूस)

بیلارُوس (canonical)
belārūs (romanization)
बेलारूस (Hindi)


یوکرین

یُوکْرین • (yūkren) m (Hindi spelling यूक्रेन)

یُوکْرین (canonical)
yūkren (romanization)
यूक्रेन (Hindi)

Ukraine (a country in Europe; capital: Kyiv)


کشمیر

ur-noun

کَشْمِیر • (kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling कश्मीर)

کَشْمِیر (canonical)
kaśmīr (romanization)
कश्मीर (Hindi)

→ English: Cashmere, cashmere

→ English: Kashmir (learned)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشمیر (kašmīr), potentially also a learned borrowing from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra), which is probably a contraction of कश्यपमीर (kaśyapamīra) or कश्यपमेरु (kaśyapameru). Compare Kashmiri کٔشیٖر (kạśīr).

lbor

Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent#English

Kashmir (a region of Indian subcontinent in South Asia).

Azad Kashmir (an autonomous territory administered by Pakistan; capital: Muzaffarabad)

Jammu Kashmir (a union territory of India; capitals: Srinagar and Jammu)


جاپان

ur-proper noun

جاپان • (jāpān) m (Hindi spelling जापान)

/d͡ʒɑː.pɑːn/

Etymology tree
Hokkien 日本／Ji̍t-púnbor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Portuguese Japãobor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Dutch Japanbor.
English Japanbor.
Urdu جاپان (jāpān)
Borrowed from English Japan.

etymon

Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


میانمار

ur-proper noun

مِیَانْمَار • (miyānmār) m (Hindi spelling मियअन्मार)

مِیَانْمَار (canonical)
miyānmār (romanization)
मियअन्मार (Hindi)


بحرین

بَحْرِین • (bahrīn) m (Hindi spelling बहरीन)

بَحْرِین (canonical)
bahrīn (romanization)
बहरीन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn), possibly influenced by Persian بحرین (bahreyn).

bor+

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)

Bahrain (a town in Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


ایبٹ آباد

ur-proper noun

ایبٹ آباد • (aibṭ-ābād) m (Hindi spelling ऐब्टाबाद)

aibṭ-ābād (romanization)
ऐब्टाबाद (Hindi)

/ɛːb.ʈɑː.bɑːd̪/

ur:ایبٹ آباد


وزیرستان

وزیرستان • (vazīristān) m (Hindi spelling वजीरिस्तान or वज़ीरिस्तान)

vazīristān (romanization)
वजीरिस्तान (Hindi)
वज़ीरिस्तान (Hindi)

Waziristan (a mountainous region in northwestern Pakistan)


چوکی

چَوکی (canonical)
caukī (romanization)
चौकी (Hindi)
چَوکی (direct singular)
چَوکِیاں (direct plural)
چَوکی (oblique singular)
چَوکِیوں (oblique plural)
چَوکی (singular vocative)
چَوکِیو (plural vocative)

(by extension) duty, responsibility of vigilance


پاکستانی

ur-adj

پاکِسْتانی • (pākistānī) (Hindi spelling पाकिस्तानी)

پاکِسْتانی (canonical)
pākistānī (romanization)
पाकिस्तानी (Hindi)

From پاکِسْتان (pākistān, “Pakistan”) + ـی (-ī).


بنگلہ دیش

ur-proper noun

بَن٘گْلَہ دیش

بَن٘گْلَہ دیش • (baṅgla deś) m (Hindi spelling बांग्लादेश)

بَن٘گْلَہ دیش (canonical)
baṅgla deś (romanization)
बांग्लादेश (Hindi)

/bəŋ.ɡlɑː d̪eːʃ/

بَن٘گْ‧لَہ‧دیش


امریکا

اَمْرِیکا • (amrīkā) m (Hindi spelling अमरीका)

اَمْرِیکا (canonical)
amrīkā (romanization)
अमरीका (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic أَمْرِيكَا (ʔamrīkā), possibly influenced by Persian امریکا (amrikâ).

bor+

United States of America
United States of America

America (the United States of America, a country in North America)


قبرص

ur-proper noun

قِبْرِص • (qibris) m (Hindi spelling क़िब्रिस)

قِبْرِص (canonical)
qibris (romanization)
क़िब्रिस (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic قُبْرُص (qubruṣ), likely influenced by Persian قبرس (qebres).

Cyprus (an island in the Mediterranean Sea between the regions Europe and Middle East).


نال

Nall (a city in Khuzdar district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


زنگبار

زَن٘گْبار • (zaṅgbār) m (Hindi spelling ज़ंगबार)

زَن٘گْبار (canonical)
zaṅgbār (romanization)
ज़ंगबार (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian زنگبار (zaṅgibār). By surface analysis, زَن٘گ (zaṅg) + بار (bār).


جگہ جگہ

ur-adv

جگہ جگہ • (jagah-jagah) (Hindi spelling जगह-जगह)

jagah-jagah (romanization)
जगह-जगह (Hindi)


جگہ

ur-noun

جَگَہْ or جَگَہ • (jagah or jaga) f (Hindi spelling जगह)

جَگَہْ (canonical)
جَگَہ (canonical)
jagah (romanization)
jaga (romanization)
जगह (Hindi)
جَگَہ (direct singular)
جَگَہیں (direct plural)
جَگَہ (oblique singular)
جَگَہوں (oblique plural)
جَگَہ (singular vocative)
جَگَہو (plural vocative)

→ Telugu: జాగా (jāgā)

/d͡ʒə.ɡɑ(ː)/

Borrowed from Classical Persian جایگاه (jāygāh). جاگه (jâgah), from جا (jâ), جای (jây, “place”) + ـگاه (-gâh, “location suffix”). Compare Old Deccani جاگاہ (jāgāh). Cognate with Marathi जागा (jāgā), Bengali জায়গা (jaẏga), Assamese জেগা (zega).


ہند

ہِنْد (canonical)
hind (romanization)
हिंद (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian هند (hind), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), ultimately from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu, “stream”). Doublet of سندھ (sindh) and انڈیا (inḍiyā).

doublet

تَعْزِیرَاتِ ہِنْد

آئِینِ ہِنْد


افغان

ur-noun

اَفْغان • (afġān) m (Hindi spelling अफ़्ग़ान)

اَفْغان (canonical)
afġān (romanization)
अफ़्ग़ान (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān).


اٹک

اَٹَک (canonical)
aṭak (romanization)
अटक (Hindi)

Attock (a city in Attock district, Punjab, Pakistan)


تاتارستان

ur-proper noun

تاتارستان • (Tātāristān) ?

Tatarstan (a republic of eastern Russia)


یونائٹڈ کنگڈم

یُونائِٹِڈ کِن٘گْڈَم

यूनाइटेड किंगडम

یُونائِٹِڈ کِن٘گْڈَم • (yūnāiṭiḍ kiṅgḍam) m (Hindi spelling यूनाइटेड किंगडम)

یُونائِٹِڈ کِن٘گْڈَم (canonical)
yūnāiṭiḍ kiṅgḍam (romanization)
यूनाइटेड किंगडम (Hindi)

/juː.nɑː.ɪ.ʈɪɖ kɪŋɡ.ɖəm/


مملکت متحدہ

مَمْلَکَتِ مُتَّحِدَہ

مَمْلَکَتِ مُتَّحِدَہ • (mamlakat-i muttahida) f (Hindi spelling मम्लकति मुत्तहिदा)

مَمْلَکَتِ مُتَّحِدَہ (canonical)
mamlakat-i muttahida (romanization)
मम्लकति मुत्तहिदा (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic الْمَمْلَكَة الْمُتَّحِدَة (al-mamlaka l-muttaḥida).

bor+

الْمَمْلَكَة الْمُتَّحِدَة


بنگال

ur-proper noun

بَن٘گال • (baṅgāl) m (Hindi spelling बंगाल)

بَن٘گال (canonical)
baṅgāl (romanization)
बंगाल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بنگال (bangāl), ultimately derived from Sanskrit वङ्ग (vaṅga), the name of the Vanga Kingdom.

bor+

Indian Subcontinent
Indian Subcontinent#English

Bengal (a former province of the Indian Subcontinent, now divided into the modern-day West Bengal in India and Bangladesh)


گجراتی

ur-adj

گُجْراتی • (gujrātī) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling गुजराती)

گُجْراتی (canonical)
gujrātī (romanization)
गुजराती (Hindi)

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑː.t̪iː/

suffix

گُجْرات (gujrāt) + ـی (-ī)


گجراتی

ur-noun

گُجْراتی • (gujrātī) f (Hindi spelling गुजराती)

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑː.t̪iː/

suffix

گُجْرات (gujrāt) + ـی (-ī)


گجراتی

ur-noun

گُجْراتی • (gujrātī) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling गुजराती)

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑː.t̪iː/

suffix

گُجْرات (gujrāt) + ـی (-ī)


گجرات

ur-proper noun

گُجْرات • (gujrāt) m (Hindi spelling गुजरात)

گُجْرات (canonical)
gujrāt (romanization)
गुजरात (Hindi)

Borrowed from Punjabi گُجْرات (gujrāt), derived from the name of the Gujjars.

/ɡʊd͡ʒᵊ.ɾɑːt̪/


گجرات

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀕𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (gujjarattā), from Sanskrit गुर्जरत्रा (gurjaratrā, “country of the Gurjaras”), from गुर्जर (gurjara, “Gurjaras”).
:Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ur:map/Indian subcontinent

der

/ɡʊd͡ʒᵊ.ɾɑːt̪/


سنگاپور

ur-proper noun

سِن٘گاپُور • (siṅgāpūr) m (Hindi spelling सिंगापुर)

سِن٘گاپُور (canonical)
siṅgāpūr (romanization)
सिंगापुर (Hindi)

/sɪŋ.ɡɑː.puːɾ/

Ultimately inherited from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhapura).

inh+

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


اوہائیو

ur-proper noun

اوہائیو • (ohāiyo) ? (Hindi spelling ओहायो)


لتھوینیا

لِتُھوینِیا • (lithueniyā) m (Hindi spelling लिथुआनिया)

لِتُھوینِیا (canonical)
lithueniyā (romanization)
लिथुआनिया (Hindi)

لِت‧ھُو‧ے‧نِ‧یا


قصور

قَصُور • (qasūr) m (Hindi spelling क़सूर)

قَصُور (canonical)
qasūr (romanization)
क़सूर (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قُصُور (qusūr), from Arabic قُصُور (quṣūr), plural of قَصْر (qaṣr).

bor+

Kasur (a city in Kasur district, Punjab, Pakistan)


نیل

Borrowed from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark blue”).

(botany) indigo (plant from which the bluish dye is obtained)


فرات

ur-proper noun

فُرات • (furāt, farāt) m (Hindi spelling फ़रात)

فُرات (canonical)
furāt (romanization)
farāt (romanization)
फ़रात (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian فرات (furāt), from Arabic الْفُرَات (al-furāt), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu).

bor+

Euphrates (a river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf)


جرمنی

ur-proper noun

جَرْمَنی • (jarmanī) m (Hindi spelling जर्मनी)

جَرْمَنی (canonical)
jarmanī (romanization)
जर्मनी (Hindi)

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


فرانس

فْران٘س or فْرانْس • (frā̃s or frāns) m (Hindi spelling फ़्राँस)

فْران٘س (canonical)
فْرانْس (canonical)
frā̃s (romanization)
frāns (romanization)
फ़्राँस (Hindi)


نپولین

نپولین • (napoliyan) m (Hindi spelling नेपोलियन)

napoliyan (romanization)
नेपोलियन (Hindi)


طور

ur-noun

طور • (taur) m (formal plural اطوار, Hindi spelling तौर)

taur (romanization)
اطوار (formal plural)
तौर (Hindi)
طور (direct singular)
طور (direct plural)
طور (oblique singular)
طوروں (oblique plural)
طور (singular vocative)
طورو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian طَور (tawr, “manner, style”), from Arabic طَوْر (ṭawr).


ہندوستان

ur-proper noun

ہِنْدوسْتان • (hindostān) m (Hindi spelling हिन्दुस्तान)

ہِنْدوسْتان (canonical)
hindostān (romanization)
हिन्दुस्तान (Hindi)

ہِنْ‧دُوسْ‧تان

Borrowed from Classical Persian هندوستان (hindustān). Equivalent to ہندو (hindū, “Indian”) + ـستان (-stān, “-land”).


مالٹا

ur-proper noun

مالْٹا • (mālṭā) m (Hindi spelling माल्टा)

مالْٹا (canonical)
mālṭā (romanization)
माल्टा (Hindi)


کرویشیا

کرویشیا • (kroeśiyā) m (Hindi spelling क्रोएशिया)

kroeśiyā (romanization)
क्रोएशिया (Hindi)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


وارانسی

وارانسی • (vārāṇsī) f (Hindi spelling वाराणसी)

/ʋɑː.ɾɑːn.siː/

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī). Doublet of بنارس (banāras).


بنارس

ur-proper noun

بنارس • (banāras) f (Hindi spelling बनारस)

Ultimately from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī).

Varanasi, Banaras, Benares, Kashi (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, sacred to Hinduism and Jainism)


اودھ

Inherited from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā).

inh+

Awadh (a historical region in Uttar Pradesh, India)


رام اللہ

ur-proper noun

رامَ اللہ • (rāmallāh) m (Hindi spelling रामल्लाह)

رامَ اللہ (canonical)
rāmallāh (romanization)
रामल्लाह (Hindi)

/ɾɑː.məl.lɑːɦ/

Borrowed from Arabic رَامَ اللّٰه (rāma llāh).

bor+

رَامَ اللّٰه


یروشلم

ur-proper noun

یَرُوشَلَم or یَروشَلَم • (yarūśalam or yarośalam) m (Hindi spelling यरूशलम or यरोशलम)

یَرُوشَلَم (canonical)
یَروشَلَم (canonical)
yarūśalam (romanization)
yarośalam (romanization)
यरूशलम (Hindi)
यरोशलम (Hindi)

یَ‧رُو‧شَ‧لَم

Borrowed from Aramaic יְרוּשְׁלֶם (yərūšəlem), possibly a learned borrowing. Compare Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלֵם (y'rūšálem).

cog

Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלֵם (y'rūšálem)

اسرائیلی اور فلسطینی دونوں یروشلم پر اپنا دعویٰ رکھتے ہیں اور اس کا تنازع بہت پرانا ہے۔

2017 December 6, “یروشلم دنیا کا سب سے متنازع شہر کیوں؟ [Why is Jerusalem the world's most disputed city?]”, in BBC News Urdu:

Israel and Palestine both claim Jerusalem and the dispute is quite old.

isrā'īlī aur falast̤īnī donoṉ yarūśalam par apnā daʻvá rakhte haiṉ aur is kā tanāzaʻ bahut purānā hai.

Jerusalem (a city in Israel; city in Palestine)

Jerusalem (a district of Israel, Palestine)


مشرقی پاکستان

ur-proper noun

مشرقی پاکستان • (maśriqī pākistān) m

East Pakistan (a former province of Pakistan, Asia)


مغربی پاکستان

مغربی پاکستان • (maġribī pākistān) m

West Pakistan (a former province of Pakistan, Asia)

ur:مغربی پاکستان


متھرا

مَتُھرا • (mathurā) m (Hindi spelling मथुरा)

مَتُھرا (canonical)
mathurā (romanization)
मथुरा (Hindi)

/mə.t̪ʰʊ.ɾɑː/

Mathura, Muttra (a city, the administrative center of Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India)

Mathura (a district of Uttar Pradesh, India)

Mathura (a Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India)


لاہور

لاہَور • (lāhaur) m (Hindi spelling लाहौर)

لاہَور (canonical)
lāhaur (romanization)
लाहौर (Hindi)

Unknown or disputed. A legend claims to be inherited from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”, from Ramayana, a Hindu epic. Compare Punjabi لَہَوْر (lahaur).

unknown

Unknown or disputed

com

Lahore (The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river)


خوشاب

ur-proper noun

خُوشَاب • (xūśāb) m (Hindi spelling ख़ुशाब)

خُوشَاب (canonical)
xūśāb (romanization)
ख़ुशाब (Hindi)

From خوش (xuś, “sweet”) + آب (āb, “water”), both elements from Persian.

Khushab (a city in Khushab district, Punjab, Pakistan)


مالدیو

مالْدِیوْ • (māldīv) m (Hindi spelling मालदीव)

مالْدِیوْ (canonical)
māldīv (romanization)
मालदीव (Hindi)

مالدیپ مالدیپ#Urdu

Alternative form of مالدیپ (māldīp): Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India)


اتر پردیش

उत्तर प्रदेश

اُتَّر پْرَدیش

اُتَّر پْرَدیش • (uttar pradeś) m (Hindi spelling उत्तर प्रदेश)

اُتَّر پْرَدیش (canonical)
uttar pradeś (romanization)
उत्तर प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ʊt̪ː.əɾ‿pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Borrowed from Hindi उत्तर प्रदेश (uttar pradeś), a calque of English Northern Provinces, the name of the state before 1950.

bor+

उत्तर प्रदेश


لدھیانہ

ur-proper noun

لدھیانہ • (ludhiyānā) m (Hindi spelling लुधियाना)

ludhiyānā (romanization)
लुधियाना (Hindi)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ (ludhiāṇā) / لُدِھیاݨَہ (ludhieyāṇah).

bor+

Ludhiana (a city in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India)


جبوتی

ur-proper noun

جبوتی • (jibūtī) m (Hindi spelling जिबूती)


روانڈا

روانڈا • (ravānḍā) m (Hindi spelling रवांडा)

/ɾə.ʋɑːn.ɖɑː/


گنی

Borrowed from English guinea and Guinea.


آذربائیجان

آذَرْبائِیجان

آذَرْبائِیجان • (āzarbāījān) m (Hindi spelling आज़रबाइजान)

آذَرْبائِیجان (canonical)
āzarbāījān (romanization)
आज़रबाइजान (Hindi)

/ɑː.zəɾ.bɑː.ɪ.d͡ʒɑːn/

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)

Azerbaijan (a region in northwestern Iran)


بھاگ

Bhag (a city in Kachhi district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


کینیڈا

کَینیڈا • (kaineḍā) m (Hindi spelling कनाडा)

کَینیڈا (canonical)
kaineḍā (romanization)
कनाडा (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Canada, from the Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


قصبہ

ur-noun

قَصْبَہ • (qasba) m (formal plural قَصْبات (qasbāt), Hindi spelling क़स्बा)

قَصْبَہ (canonical)
qasba (romanization)
قَصْبات (formal plural)
क़स्बा (Hindi)
قَصْبَہ (direct singular)
span> " lang="ur">قَصْبے (direct plural)
span> " lang="ur">قَصْبے (oblique singular)
span> " lang="ur">قَصْبوں (oblique plural)
span> " lang="ur">قَصْبے (singular vocative)
span> " lang="ur">قَصْبو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian قصبه (qasba), from Arabic قَصْبَة (qaṣba).


پرشیا

ur-proper noun

پَرْشِیا • (parśiyā) m (Hindi spelling पर्शिया)

پَرْشِیا (canonical)
parśiyā (romanization)
पर्शिया (Hindi)

/pəɾ.ʃɪ.jɑː/

Persia (former name of Iran, a country in Western Asia)


توران

ur-noun

توران • (tūrān) ?

Borrowed from Classical Persian توران (tūrān, “Turan”).

bor+

(historical) Turan (a region of Central Asia, originally populated by Iranian Central Asian nomads; later, Iranians came to identify Turkic neighbours as Turanians)


دہلی

ur-proper noun

دِہْلی • (dihlī) f (Hindi spelling देहली)

:Template:Wiktionary:Picture dictionary (canonical)
ur:map (canonical)
Delhi دِہْلی (canonical)
dihlī (romanization)
देहली (Hindi)

→ Arabic: دِهْلِي (dihlī)

desctree

→ English: Delhi
→ Arabic: دِلْهِي (dilhī)
→ Chinese: 德里 (Délǐ)
→ Greek: Δελχί (Delchí)
→ Hebrew: דֵלְהִי (delhī)
→ Japanese: デリー (Derī)
→ Turkish: Delhi

→ Kannada: ದೆಹಲಿ (dehali)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دهلی (dihlī), of uncertain origin. See दिल्ली (dillī) for further details.

bor+

2021 October 23, “دہلی سے ملحق گڑگاؤں میں پھر سے جمعے کی نماز کے خلاف مظاہرہ اور جے شری رام کے نعرے [Demonstrations against Friday prayers, again, in Gurgaon, adjacent to Delhi and slogans of Jai Shri Ram]”, in BBC News Urdu:

Delhi (a city in India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


قسطنطنیہ

ur-proper noun

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ

क़ुस्तुंतुनिया

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ • (qustuntuniya) m (Hindi spelling क़ुस्तुंतुनिया)

قُسْطُنْطُنِیَہ (canonical)
qustuntuniya (romanization)
क़ुस्तुंतुनिया (Hindi)

قُسْ‧طُنْ‧طُ‧نِ‧یَہ

Corrupted from Classical Persian قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya), from Arabic الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya).

der

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

Constantinople (the former name of Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey)


انطاکیہ

ur-proper noun

اَنْطاکِیَہ • (antākiya) m (Hindi spelling अन्ताकिया)

اَنْطاکِیَہ (canonical)
antākiya (romanization)
अन्ताकिया (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطَاكِيَة (ʔanṭākiya), from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia).

bor+

أَنْطَاكِيَة


حبش

حَبَش (canonical)
habaś (romanization)
हबश (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic حَبَشْ (ḥabaš, “Abyssinia”), the former name of Ethiopia.

(historical) Abyssinia (a country in Africa)


شقرا

ur-proper noun

شَقْرا • (śaqrā) ? (Hindi spelling शक़्रा)

شَقْرا (canonical)
śaqrā (romanization)
शक़्रा (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic شَقْرَاء (šaqrāʔ), feminine singular of أَشْقَر (ʔašqar).


لداخ

لَدّاخ • (laddāx) m (Hindi spelling लद्दाख़)

لَدّاخ (canonical)
laddāx (romanization)
लद्दाख़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian لداخ (ladâx), from Tibetan ལ་དྭགས (la dwags).

bor+

Ladakh (a union territory in northern India; capital: Leh and Kargil)


برلن

ur-proper noun

بَرْلِن • (barlin) m (Hindi spelling बर्लिन)

بَرْلِن (canonical)
barlin (romanization)
बर्लिन (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Berlin, itself from German Berlin.

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

(by extension) Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)


جمہوریہ

ur-noun

جَمْہُورِیَہ

جُمْہُورِیَہ

جَمْہُورِیَہ or جُمْہُورِیَہ • (jamhūriya or jumhūriya) f (formal plural جمہوریات, Hindi spelling जम्हूरिया)

جَمْہُورِیَہ (canonical)
جُمْہُورِیَہ (canonical)
jamhūriya (romanization)
jumhūriya (romanization)
جمہوریات (formal plural)
जम्हूरिया (Hindi)

/d͡ʒəm.ɦuː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

/d͡ʒʊm.ɦuː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

Borrowed from Arabic جُمْهُورِيَة (jumhūriya).

bor+

جُمْهُورِيَة

جمہوریہ ترکیہ ― jamhūrīya-e turkīye ― Republic of Türkiye


خاکنائے

ur-noun

خاکنائے • (xāknāē) m

Probably coined after آبنای (âbnây), from a compound of خاک (xâk, “earth, dirt”) + نای (nây, “lane, throat, pipe”).

خاکنائے بانامہ

xāknāē pānāmā


ممبئی

ur-proper noun

مُمْبَئی • (mumbaī) m (Hindi spelling मुंबई)

مُمْبَئی (canonical)
mumbaī (romanization)
मुंबई (Hindi)

Borrowed from Marathi मुंबई (mumbaī). Compare Punjabi ਮੁੰਬਈ (mumbaī), Gujarati મુંબઈ (mumbaī), Bengali মুম্বাই (mumbai), Assamese মুম্বাই (mumbai), Kannada ಮುಂಬೈ (mumbai), Malayalam മുംബൈ (mumbai), Telugu ముంబై (mumbai), Tamil மும்பை (mumpai).

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India, also known as Bombay)


داغستان

داغِسْتان • (dāġistān) m (Hindi spelling दाग़िसतान)

داغِسْتان (canonical)
dāġistān (romanization)
दाग़िसतान (Hindi)

/d̪ɑː.ɣɪs.t̪ɑːn/

Dagestan (a republic of Russia, located in the Caucasus region)


مغربی بنگال

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال • (maġribī bangāl) m (Hindi spelling मग़्रिबी बंगाल)

مَغْرِبی بَنْگال (canonical)
maġribī bangāl (romanization)
मग़्रिबी बंगाल (Hindi)

/məɣ.ɾɪ.biː bəŋ.ɡɑːl/

Calque of Hindi पश्चिम बंगाल (paścim baṅgāl).

calque

पश्चिम बंगाल

West Bengal (a state of India; capital: Kolkata).


گاؤں

ur-noun

گاؤں • (gāõ) m or m pl (Hindi spelling गाँव)

Inherited from Old Hindi گانوں (gā̃õ) / گاؤں (gāõ) / گانو (gā̃v), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀸𑀫 (gāma), from Sanskrit ग्राम (grā́ma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grā́mas, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-os, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”).

der

پنجاب کے ضلع گورداسپور میں ایک گاؤں نارتھ ویسٹرن ریلوے کے سٹیشن بٹالہ سے بفاصلہ ۱۰۔ میل واقع ہے۔

1909, عبد الرشید [ʻAbdurrashīd], رفیقِ مُسافَران [Rafīq-i musāfarān], page 158:

A village in the Gurdaspur district of Punjab which lies 10 miles away from the North Western railway station of Batala.


تاشقند

ur-proper noun

تاشْقَنْد • (tāśqand) m (Hindi spelling ताशक़ंद)

تاشْقَنْد (canonical)
tāśqand (romanization)
ताशक़ंद (Hindi)

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


اینٹ ورپ

اَینْٹ وَرْپ

اَینْٹ وَرْپ • (ainṭ varp) m (Hindi spelling अयंट वर्प)

اَینْٹ وَرْپ (canonical)
ainṭ varp (romanization)
अयंट वर्प (Hindi)


پیرس

پَیْرِس • (pairis) m (Hindi spelling पेरिस)

پَیْرِس (canonical)
pairis (romanization)
पेरिस (Hindi)

→ Punjabi: پَیرَس (pairas)

Borrowed from English Paris. Compare Punjabi پَیْرَس (pairas).

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


پشاور

پِشاوَر • (piśāvar) m (Hindi spelling पेशावर)

پِشاوَر (canonical)
piśāvar (romanization)
पेशावर (Hindi)

/pɪ.ʃɑː.ʋəɾ/

Corrupted from Classical Persian پَرَشَاوَر (parašāvar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरूषपुर (purūṣapura). Cognates Pashto پېښور (pex̌awar) and Punjabi پِشَور (piśaur).

der

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)


مانچسٹر

ur-proper noun

مانْچِسْٹَر • (māncisṭar) m (Hindi spelling मैनचेस्टर)

مانْچِسْٹَر (canonical)
māncisṭar (romanization)
मैनचेस्टर (Hindi)

/mɑːn.t͡ʃɪs.ʈəɾ/

[mɑ̃ːt͡ʃes.ʈəɾ]

[mɑ̃ːt͡ʃəs.ʈəɾ]

Borrowed from English Manchester, influenced by languages such as Punjabi مانچَسْٹَر (māncasṭar) / مَنْچَسْٹَر (mancasṭar) or Pahari-Potwari مَنْچَسْٹَر (mancasṭar), as opposed to the direct borrowing of مینچسٹر (maincisṭar).

چناچه سنه ۱۷۷۰ عیسوئي کو مانچسٿر اور لیورپول شہر کے درمیان ایک نہر کھودنے کي

1860, Mirzapore Educational Books, volume 8, →OCLC, page 28:

Therefore in 1770 A.D. [a plan] to dig a canal between the cities of Manchester and Liverpool

cunācih sanh 1770 ʻīsva'ī ko māncisṭar aur līvarpūl śahar ke darmīyān ek nahar khodne kī

اس کے بعد بٹ مجھے راچڈیل کی طرف لے کر روانہ ہوا –– وہاں پہنچے تو اپنا دوست مانچسٹر آیا ہوا تھا۔

1979, جاوید اقبال [Jawed Iqbal], ماڈرن ابنِ بطوطہ [Māḍarn Ibn-i Bat̤ūt̤ah], Lahore: نوائے وقت پبلیکیشنز [Navā-yi Vaqt Publications], →OCLC, page 69:

After that, Butt took me towards Rochdale; when we reached there, our friend had arrived in Manchester.


لیسٹر

لَیسْٹَر • (laisṭar) m (Hindi spelling लैस्टर)

لَیسْٹَر (canonical)
laisṭar (romanization)
लैस्टर (Hindi)

Leicester (a city in Leicestershire, East Midlands, England)


ٹلفورڈ

ٹِلْفورْڈ • (ṭilforḍ) m (Hindi spelling टिल्फ़ोर्ड)

ٹِلْفورْڈ (canonical)
ṭilforḍ (romanization)
टिल्फ़ोर्ड (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Tilford / Tylford.

موجودہ نو تعمیر شدہ مرکز احمدیت اسلام آباد کا اولین ریکارڈ 1762ء کے نقشہ جات سے ملتا ہے۔ دریائے وے کے دونوں اطراف میں ٹلفورڈ برج نامی گاؤں کا ذکر ملتا ہے جو کہ اب ٹلفورڈ گرین کے نام سے جانی جاتی ہے۔

2019 August 2, “تاریخ اسلام آباد (اٹھارہویں صدی سے تعمیرِ مرکز تک)”, in الفظل [Al Fazl]:

The earliest record of the newly inaugurated headquarters of Ahmadiyyat, Islamabad, can be found in maps dated 1762 AD. On both sides of the River Way there is mention of a village named Tylford Bridge, now known as Tilford Green.

maujūdah nau taʻmīr śiddah markaz-e aḥmadiyyat islām ābād kā āvvalīn rīkārḍ 1762ʻ ke naqśah jāt se miltā hai. dariya'e ve ke donoṉ at̤rāf meṉ ṭilforḍ brij nāmī gā'oṉ kā ẕikr miltā hai jo kih ab ṭilforḍ grīn ke nām se jānī jātī hai.

Tilford (a civil parish of Surrey, South East, England)


ربوہ

رَبْوَہ • (rabva) m (Hindi spelling रब्वह)

رَبْوَہ (canonical)
rabva (romanization)
रब्वह (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic رُبْوَة (rubwa, “height, hill”).

bor+

Rabwah (a city in Chiniot district, Punjab, Pakistan), an important city for Ahmadi Muslims and former headquarters of the Ahmadiyya community, an area higher than its surroundings.


روچڈیل

raucḍel (romanization)
rocḍel (romanization)

/ɾɑːt͡ʃ.ɖeːl/

/ɾɔːt͡ʃ.ɖeːl/

Borrowed from English Rochdale. Likely influenced by Pakistani English pronunciation.

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

Rochdale (a town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England)


برمنگھم

ur-proper noun

بَرْمِنْگَھم

بَرْمِنْگَھم • (barmiṅgham) m (Hindi spelling बर्मिंघम)

بَرْمِنْگَھم (canonical)
barmiṅgham (romanization)
बर्मिंघम (Hindi)

/bəɾ.mɪŋ.ɡʱəm/

A major city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England


ہارٹلے پول

ہارْٹْلے پُول

ہارْٹْلے پُول • (hārṭle pūl) m (Hindi spelling हार्टलेपूल)

ہارْٹْلے پُول (canonical)
hārṭle pūl (romanization)
हार्टलेपूल (Hindi)

ہارْٹ‧لے‧پُول

Hartlepool (a town and seaport in County Durham, in northeastern England)


ملائیشیا

مَلائِیشِیا • (malāīśiyā) m (Hindi spelling मलेशिया)

مَلائِیشِیا (canonical)
malāīśiyā (romanization)
मलेशिया (Hindi)


سری لنکا

سِری لَن٘کا • (sirī laṅkā) m (Hindi spelling श्रीलंका)

سِری لَن٘کا (canonical)
sirī laṅkā (romanization)
श्रीलंका (Hindi)

سِ‧ری‧لَن٘‧کا

Inherited from Sanskrit श्री लङ्का (śrī laṅkā, literally “holy island”).


بلوچستان

ur-proper noun

بَلوچِسْتَان

بَلوچِسْتَان • (balocistān) m (Hindi spelling बलूचिस्तान)

بَلوچِسْتَان (canonical)
balocistān (romanization)
बलूचिस्तान (Hindi)

بَ‧لو‧چِسْ‧تان

Borrowed from Classical Persian بلوچستان (balôčistân), equivalent to بلوچ (baloc, “Baloch people”) + ـستان (-(i)stān, “-land”).

suffix

Sistan and Baluchestan
Sistan and Baluchestan#English

(by extension) Balochistan (a region between the Middle East and South Asia)

Sistan and Baluchestan (a province of Iran)

(rare) A mountainous region of Afghanistan


مالدیپ

ur-proper noun

مالْدِیپ • (māldīp) m (Hindi spelling मालदीव)

مالْدِیپ (canonical)
māldīp (romanization)
मालदीव (Hindi)

Compare Bengali মালদ্বীপ (maldip) and Hindi मालदीव (māldīv).

Maldives (an island country in the Indian Ocean, South Asia; capital: Malé).


ہسپانیہ

ہَسْپانِیَہ • (haspāniya) m (Hindi spelling हस्पानिया)

ہَسْپانِیَہ (canonical)
haspāniya (romanization)
हस्पानिया (Hindi)

Borrowed from Portuguese Hispânia, ultimately from Latin Hispania, with the spelling likely influenced by برطانیہ (bartāniyā).

ہسپانوی

Spanish; of or relating to Spain or Spanish people; Hispanic


تاجکستان

تاجِکِسْتان • (tājikistān) m (Hindi spelling ताजिकिस्तान)

تاجِکِسْتان (canonical)
tājikistān (romanization)
ताजिकिस्तान (Hindi)

تا‧جِ‧کِسْ‧تان


اطالیہ

اِطالِیَہ • (itāliya) m (Hindi spelling इतालिया)

اِطالِیَہ (canonical)
itāliya (romanization)
इतालिया (Hindi)

bor

Arabic إِطَالِيَة (ʔiṭāliya)


سندھ

ur-proper noun

سِنْدھ • (sindh) m (Hindi spelling सिंध)

سِنْدھ (canonical)
sindh (romanization)
सिंध (Hindi)

Semi-learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu). Doublet of ہِنْد (hind) and اِنْڈِیا (inḍiyā). Compare Khowar سِن (sin), Saraiki سِنّہہ (sinnh), Ushojo سندھو (sindhō).

doublet

دَرْیَائے سِنْدھ

Indus (a river in the provinces of Sindh, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan, the union territory of Ladakh in India and the autonomous region of Tibet in China)

(historical) Sind, Scinde (a province of British India)


ابو ظہبی

ur-proper noun

اَبُو ظَہْبی

اَبُو ظَہْبی • (abū zahbī) m (Hindi spelling अबू धाबी)

اَبُو ظَہْبی (canonical)
abū zahbī (romanization)
अबू धाबी (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو ظَبْي (ʔabū ẓaby). Spelling likely influenced from English Abu Dhabi.

bor+

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates, on the southern Persian Gulf)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


دبئی

ur-proper noun

دُبَئی • (dubaī) m (Hindi spelling दुबई)

دُبَئی (canonical)
dubaī (romanization)
दुबई (Hindi)

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


شارجہ

شارْجَہ • (śārja) m (Hindi spelling शारजाह)

شارْجَہ (canonical)
śārja (romanization)
शारजाह (Hindi)

/ʃɑːɾ.d͡ʒɑ(ːɦ)/

Borrowed from Gulf Arabic الشارجة (aš-šārja), from Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa). Likely influenced from English Sharjah and/or Persian شارجه (šârje).

der

اَلشَّارِقَة

Arabic اَلشَّارِقَة (aš-šāriqa)

Sharjah (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Sharjah (the capital city of Sharjah emirate, United Arab Emirates)


قونیہ

ur-proper noun

قُونِیَہ • (qūniya) m (Hindi spelling कोन्या)

قُونِیَہ (canonical)
qūniya (romanization)
कोन्या (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic قُونِيَة (qūniya), through Classical Persian قونیه (qūniya).


کلکتہ

کَلْکَتَّہ • (kalkatta) f (Hindi spelling कल्कत्ता)

کَلْکَتَّہ (canonical)
kalkatta (romanization)
कल्कत्ता (Hindi)

Kolkata (a megacity, the capital of West Bengal, India)


ہانگ کانگ

ur-noun

ہانگ کانگ • (hāng kāng) m (Hindi spelling हांग कांग or हॉन्ग कॉन्ग)

hāng kāng (romanization)
हांग कांग (Hindi)
हॉन्ग कॉन्ग (Hindi)

/ɦɑːŋɡ kɑːŋɡ/

ur:ہانگ کانگ


مدراس

ur-proper noun

مَدْراس • (madrās) f (Hindi spelling मद्रास)

مَدْراس (canonical)
madrās (romanization)
मद्रास (Hindi)

Chennai (a megacity, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India)


راجیہ سبھا

رَاجْیَہ سَبَھا

رَاجْیَہ سَبَھا • (rājya sabhā) f (Hindi spelling राज्य सभा)

رَاجْیَہ سَبَھا (canonical)
rājya sabhā (romanization)
राज्य सभा (Hindi)

/ɾɑːd͡ʒ.jə sə.bʱɑː/

رَاجْ‧يَہ‧سَ‧بَھا

Transliteration of Hindi राज्य सभा (rājya sabhā).

Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Parliament of India)


لوک سبھا

ur-prop

لوک سَبَھا • (lok sabhā) f (Hindi spelling लोक सभा)

لوک سَبَھا (canonical)
lok sabhā (romanization)
लोक सभा (Hindi)

Sanskritic formation from لوک (lok, “the people; public”) + سَبھا (sabhā, “house”), perhaps borrowed from Hindi लोक सभा (lok sabhā).

sa-com

Coordinate term: رَاجْیَہ سَبَھا (rājya sabhā)

Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India)


نیوزی لینڈ

ur-proper noun

نْیُوزی لَینْڈ

نْیُوزی لَینْڈ • (nyūzī lainḍ) m (Hindi spelling न्यूज़ीलैंड)

نْیُوزی لَینْڈ (canonical)
nyūzī lainḍ (romanization)
न्यूज़ीलैंड (Hindi)

New Zealand (a country in Oceania; capital: Wellington)


سری نگر

سِرِی نَگَر • (sirī nagar) m (Hindi spelling श्रीनगर)

سِرِی نَگَر (canonical)
sirī nagar (romanization)
श्रीनगर (Hindi)

From Sanskrit श्रीनगर (śrīnagara), from श्री (śrī) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compare Kashmiri سِریٖنَگَر (sirīnagar).

سرینگر میں دریائے جہلم کے کنارے ویران پڑے ہیں، کچھ باقی شہر کی طرح۔

2016 October 5, “سری نگر کا خاموش کیفے [The vacant cafe of Srinagar]”, in BBC News Urdu, New Delhi:

In Srinagar, the banks of river Jhelum remain vacant, somewhat like the rest of the city.

sirī nagar meṉ daryā'e jihlam ke kināre vīrān paṛe haiṉ, kuch bāqī śahar kī t̤araḥ.

Srinagar (a city, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


استنبول

اِسْتَن٘بول • (istambol) m (Hindi spelling इस्तांबुल)

اِسْتَن٘بول (canonical)
istambol (romanization)
इस्तांबुल (Hindi)

اِسْ‧تَن٘‧بول

Influenced by a number of languages, including Arabic إِسْطَنْبُول (ʔisṭanbūl) and English Istanbul.

bor

إِسْطَنْبُول

Arabic إِسْطَنْبُول (ʔisṭanbūl)

اور قسطنطینیہ ہے جو اس زمانہ میں استنبول کہلاتا ہے

c. 1870, امین الدین خان ابن ابو المکارم ہروی [Amīn al-Dīn Khān ibn Abū al-Makārim Haravī], translated by مہدی علی خان [Mehdi Ali Khan], مطلع العجائب [Mat̤laʿ al-ʿajāʼib], Lucknow: منشی نول کشور [Munshī Naval Kishor], →OCLC, page 155:

And Constantinople, which is known as Istanbul in this era

Istanbul (a major city and province of Turkey).


ارجنٹائن

ur-proper noun

ارْجَنْٹائن • (arjanṭā'īn) m (Hindi spelling अर्जेण्टीना)

ارْجَنْٹائن (canonical)
arjanṭā'īn (romanization)
अर्जेण्टीना (Hindi)

/əɾ.d͡ʒən.ʈɑː.ɪn/

Perhaps corrupted from English Argentina. Akin to Pashto ارجنټاين (arjanṭāīn).

unknown

Perhaps


فلپائن

ur-proper noun

فِلْپائِن • (filpāin) m (Hindi spelling फ़िलीपीन्स)

فِلْپائِن (canonical)
filpāin (romanization)
फ़िलीपीन्स (Hindi)

جزائر سماترا اور فلپائن اسپین سے متعلق ہیں۔

1883, منشی نول کشور [Munshī Naval Kishor], پہلا جغرافیہ [Pahlā jug̲ẖrāfiyah], page 12:

The Islands of Sumatra and the Philippines are subordinate to Spain.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


بلغاریہ

بُلْغارِیَہ • (bulġāriya) m (Hindi spelling बुल्ग़ारिया)

بُلْغارِیَہ (canonical)
bulġāriya (romanization)
बुल्ग़ारिया (Hindi)

/bʊl.ɣɑː.ɾɪ.jɑː/

From Arabic بُلْغَارِيَة (bulḡāriya). Compare Pashto بلغاريه (bulǧāryá).

bor

بُلْغَارِيَة

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeastern Europe)


آسٹریا

ur-noun

آسْٹْرِیا • (āsṭriyā) m (Hindi spelling ऑस्ट्रिया)

آسْٹْرِیا (canonical)
āsṭriyā (romanization)
ऑस्ट्रिया (Hindi)

/ɑːs.ʈɾɪ.jɑː/


سعودی عرب

سَعُودی عَرَب

سَعُودی عَرَب • (saʻūdī ʻarab) m (Hindi spelling सउदी अरब)

سَعُودی عَرَب (canonical)
saʻūdī ʻarab (romanization)
सउदी अरब (Hindi)

سَعُو‧دی‧عَ‧رَب

Saudi Arabia (a country in the Middle East).


بروخے

ur-proper noun

بْرُوخے • (brūxe) m (Hindi spelling ब्रूख़े)

بْرُوخے (canonical)
brūxe (romanization)
ब्रूख़े (Hindi)

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


لیئج

لِیئج (canonical)
li'yej (romanization)
लीज (Hindi)

Borrowed from French Liège, likely influenced by English Liège.

(learned borrowing)

Liège (a city, a province of Wallonia, Belgium)


برسلز

بْرَسَلْز • (brasalz) m (Hindi spelling ब्रसल्ज़)

بْرَسَلْز (canonical)
brasalz (romanization)
ब्रसल्ज़ (Hindi)


قرطبہ

قُرْطُبَہ • (qurt̤uba) m (Hindi spelling क़ुर्तुबा)

قُرْطُبَہ (canonical)
qurt̤uba (romanization)
क़ुर्तुबा (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic قُرْطُبَة (qurṭuba).


اشبیلیہ

ur-proper noun

اَشْبِیلِیَہ

اَشْبِیلِیَہ • (aśbīliyah) m (Hindi spelling अश्बीलिया)

اَشْبِیلِیَہ (canonical)
aśbīliyah (romanization)
अश्बीलिया (Hindi)

اَشْ‧بی‧لِ‧یَہ

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya).

bor+

إِشْبِيلِيَة

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


غرناطہ

ur-proper noun

غَرْناطَہ • (ġarnāt̤ah) m (Hindi spelling ग़र्नाता)

غَرْناطَہ (canonical)
ġarnāt̤ah (romanization)
ग़र्नाता (Hindi)

/ɣəɾ.nɑː.t̪ɑ(ːɦ)/

Borrowed from Arabic غَرْنَاطَة (ḡarnāṭa).

bor+

Granada (a city and province of Andalusia, Spain)


شیفیلڈ

ur-proper noun

شَیفِیلْڈ • (śaifīlḍ) m (Hindi spelling शैफ़ील्ड)

شَیفِیلْڈ (canonical)
śaifīlḍ (romanization)
शैफ़ील्ड (Hindi)

Sheffield (a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom)


کیلے

کَیْلے • (kayle) m (Hindi spelling कैले)

کَیْلے (canonical)
kayle (romanization)
कैले (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Calais, with possible influence from French Calais.

فرانس میں مقامی حکام کا کہنا ہے کہ شمالی ساحلی شہر کیلے میں دو حریف مہاجر گروپوں کے درمیان ہونے والی جھڑپوں میں دس افراد زخمی ہو گئے ہیں۔ کیلے اب بھی برطانیہ جانے کے خواہشمند تارکینِ وطن کے لیے مرکزِ کشش بنا ہوا ہے۔

2017 April 4, صائمہ حیدر, “فرانس: کیلے میں دو مہاجر گروپوں میں جھڑپیں، دس افراد زخمی”, in DW Urdu:

Local officials in France say ten people have been injured in clashes between rival rival refugee groups in the northern coastal city of Calais. Calais is still the center of attraction for immigrants seeking to go to the UK.

frāns meṉ muqāmī ḥukām kā kahnā hai ke śumālī sāḥilī śahar kaile meṉ do ḥarīf muhājr grūpoṉ ke darmiyan hone vālī jhaṛpoṉ meṉ das afrād zaxmī ho ga'ye haiṉ. kaile ab bhī bart̤āniya jāne ke xvāhiśmand tārikīn-e vat̤an ke li'ye markaz-e kaśiś banā hūa hai.

Calais (a city in the Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France)


ڈنکرک

ڈَنْکَرْک • (ḍankark) m (Hindi spelling डंकर्क)

ڈَنْکَرْک (canonical)
ḍankark (romanization)
डंकर्क (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Dunkirk, derived from French Dunkerque.

دوسری جنگ عظیم کے دوران ڈنکرک سے اتحادی افواج کا انخلا ایک اہم اور قابل ذکر لمحہ تھا، جو زیادہ مشہور نہیں ہے۔ اسی انخلا کی کہانی میں تقریباً 300 ہندوستانی فوجیوں کے ایک دستے کا واقعہ بھی شامل ہے۔

2021 September 15, سدھا جی تلک, “دوسری عالمی جنگ: ڈنکرک کے فراموش کردہ ہندوستانی فوجی جن میں بانی پاکستان کے فوجی معاون بھی شامل تھے”, in BBC News Urdu:

The withdrawal of Allied forces from Dunkirk during World War II was an important and notable moment, which is not well known. The story of the same withdrawal also includes the incident of a contingent of about 300 Indian soldiers.

dūsrī jaṉg-e-ʻaz̤īm ke daurān ḍaṉkark se ittiḥādī afvāj kā inxilā aik aham aur qābil-e ẕikr lamḥa thā, jo ziyada maśhūr nahīṉ hai. isī inxilā kī kahānī meṉ taqreban 300 hindūstānī faujiyoṉ ke aik daste kā vāqiʻa bhī śāmil hai.

Dunkirk (a town in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France)


تہران

تَہْران • (tahrān) m (Hindi spelling तेहरान)

تَہْران (canonical)
tahrān (romanization)
तेहरान (Hindi)


تلنگانہ

تِلَن٘گانَہ • (tilaṅgāna) m (Hindi spelling तेलंगाना)

تِلَن٘گانَہ (canonical)
tilaṅgāna (romanization)
तेलंगाना (Hindi)

desc

تِلَنْغَانَة

تِلَنْجَانَة

→ Arabic: تِلَنْغَانَة (tilanḡāna), تِلَنْجَانَة (tilanjāna)

تِ‧لَن٘‧گا‧نَہ

Borrowed from Telugu తెలంగాణ (telaṅgāṇa).

bor+

Telangana (a state of India; capital: Hyderabad).


ایتھنز

ur-proper noun

ایتَھنْز or اِیتَھنْز • (ethanz or īthanz) m (Hindi spelling एथन्ज़ or ईथन्ज़)

ایتَھنْز (canonical)
اِیتَھنْز (canonical)
ethanz (romanization)
īthanz (romanization)
एथन्ज़ (Hindi)
ईथन्ज़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Athens, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνῶν (Athēnôn).


لکشادیپ

لَکْشادِیپ • (lakśādīp) m (Hindi spelling लक्षद्वीप)

لَکْشادِیپ (canonical)
lakśādīp (romanization)
लक्षद्वीप (Hindi)

لَکْ‧شا‧دِیپ

Borrowed from Hindi लक्षद्वीप (lakṣadvīp). Compare Kashmiri لَکشادیٖپ (lakśādīp) and Punjabi ਲਕਸ਼ਦੀਪ (lakśadīp) / لَکْشَدِیپ (lakśadīp).

bor+

Lakshadweep (a union territory of India; capital: Kavaratti)


بھوٹان

ur-proper noun

بُھوٹان • (bhūṭān) m (Hindi spelling भूटान)

بُھوٹان (canonical)
bhūṭān (romanization)
भूटान (Hindi)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


نیپال

نیپال • (nepāl) m (Hindi spelling नेपाल)

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


بنگالی

بنگالی • (bangālī) f (Hindi spelling बंगाली)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بنگالی (bangālī), from بنگاله (bangāla, “Bengal”).

bor+

Nicobar district
Nicobar district#English

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

A village in Nancowry, Nicobar district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

A village in Ramkan, Qeshm County, Hormozgan, Iran.


جہانگیر نگر

ur-proper noun

جہانگیر نگر • (jahāṅgīr nagar) m (Hindi spelling जहाँगीर नगर)

jahāṅgīr nagar (romanization)
जहाँगीर नगर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒə.ɦɑːŋ.ɡiːɾ nə.ɡəɾ/

ڈھاکہ عجیب شہر، نام جہانگیر نگر، دو چار شریف ہے، باقی کٹّی تمام

Dhaka is a strange city, its name is Jahangirnagar, there are a few nobles, the rest are all Kuttis.

ḍhākā ajīb śahar, nām jahāṅgīr nagar, do cār śarīf hai, bāqī kuṭṭī tamām

Kingbadantir Dhaka (1995), Nazir Hossain, Paradise Printers

Jahangirnagar (former name of Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh)


چٹگاؤں

چٹگاؤں • (caṭgāõ) m (Hindi spelling चटगांव)

/t͡ʃəʈ.ɡɑː.õː/

Mazhar Imam, Aksar Yaad Aate Hain; Jigar Moradabadi:
ایک دفعہ حفیظؔ جالندھری کو چٹگاؤں میں پچیس ہزار روپے کی تھیلی پیش کی گئی تھی۔
ek dafā’ hafīz jālandharī ko caṭgāõ mẽ paccīs hazār rupye kī thailī peś kī gaī thī.
Once, Hafiz Jalandhari was offered in Chittagong a bag worth twenty-five thousand rupees.

Sahir Ludhianvi, Phir Wahi Kunj-e-Qafas; Kulliyat-e-Sahir p. 109:
بول! چٹگاؤں کی مظلوم خموشی کچھ بول
bol! caṭgāõ kī mazlūm xamośī kuch bol
Speak! Say something oh oppressed silence of Chittagong

Umrao Tariq, Iktaara; Badan Ka Tavaf:
اور ہم کو چٹگاؤں لے جانے والا اسٹیمر سائیں سائیں کر رہا تھا۔
aur hamko caṭgāõ le jāne vālā isṭīmar sāī̃ sāī̃ kar rahā thā.

Chittagong District
Chittagong District#English

(by extension) Chittagong District (a district of Bangladesh)

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division#English

(by extension) Chittagong Division (a division of Bangladesh)


سلہٹ

سِلْہَٹ • (silhaṭ) m (Hindi spelling सिलेट)

سِلْہَٹ (canonical)
silhaṭ (romanization)
सिलेट (Hindi)

→ Punjabi: سِلْہَٹ (silhaṭ)

→ Pashto: سلهټ (silhaṭ)

Borrowed from Bengali শিলহট (śilohoṭ), archaic form of সিলেট (śileṭ), ultimately from Sanskrit [Term?].

Ikram Basra, Koi Tagore Ki Kawita Hai:
تجھ کو سلہٹ میں سوچ کر لکھا
tujh ko silhaṭ mein soch kar likkhā
I wrote to you thoughtfully in Sylhet.

(by extension) Sylhet District (a district of Bangladesh)

(by extension) Sylhet Division (a division of Bangladesh)


گوادر

گْوادَر • (gvādar) m (Hindi spelling ग्वादर)

گْوادَر (canonical)
gvādar (romanization)
ग्वादर (Hindi)

/ɡʊ.ɑː.d̪əɾ/

Borrowed from Baluchi گوادر (gwādar), a compound of گوات (gwát, “wind, air”) + در (dar, “door, gateway”).

compound

Gwadar (a port city in Balochistan, Pakistan)


لیل

لِیل (canonical)
līl (romanization)
लील (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Lille, ultimately taken from French Lille (with possible influence from Arabic لِيل (līl)).

Lille (the department capital of the Nord department, France; regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


لیون

Borrowed from English Lyon, taken from French Lyon.

Lyon (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


الہ آباد

ur-proper noun

اِلٰہ آباد • (iláh ābād) m (Hindi spelling इलाहाबाद)

اِلٰہ آباد (canonical)
iláh ābād (romanization)
इलाहाबाद (Hindi)

/ɪ.lɑː.ɦɑː.bɑːd̪/

Borrowed from Classical Persian اللهآباد (allāh-ābād), from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh, “Allah”) + Classical Persian آباد (ābād, “city”).

bor+

Allahabad (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India)


تل ابیب

ur-noun

تَل اَبِیب • (tal abīb) m (Hindi spelling तेल अवीव)

تَل اَبِیب (canonical)
tal abīb (romanization)
तेल अवीव (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic تَلّ أَبِيب (tall ʔabīb), ultimately from Hebrew תֵּל אָבִיב (tel āvīv).

bor+

(by extension) Tel Aviv (a district in central Israel)


مشہد

ur-proper noun

مَشْہَد • (maśhad) m (Hindi spelling मशहद)

مَشْہَد (canonical)
maśhad (romanization)
मशहद (Hindi)

Mashhad (The second largest city in Iran; capital of Razavi Khorasan)


ڈھاکہ

ڈھاکَہ • (ḍhāka) m (Hindi spelling ढाका)

ڈھاکَہ (canonical)
ḍhāka (romanization)
ढाका (Hindi)

→ Pashto: ډاکه (ḍāká)

(by extension) Dhaka District (a district of Bangladesh)

(by extension) Dhaka Division (a division of Bangladesh)


کمری

کَمْری • (kamrī) m (Hindi spelling कम्री)

کَمْری (canonical)
kamrī (romanization)
कम्री (Hindi)


ہنزلو

Hounslow (a town in western Greater London, England)


چنئی

چَنَّئی • (canna'ī) m (Hindi spelling चेन्नई)

چَنَّئی (canonical)
canna'ī (romanization)
चेन्नई (Hindi)

Chennai (the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, India)

Chennai (a district of Tamil Nadu, India, containing most of metro Chennai)


چناب

چَناب (canonical)
canāb (romanization)
चनाब (Hindi)

→ Arabic: جَنَاب (janāb)

→ English: Chenab

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Urdu چنابBorrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).
Compare Punjabi جَھناں (jhanāṉ) / چَنھاں (canhāṉ) / ਝਨਾਂ (jhanā̃) and Saraiki چَنان٘ہہ (canāṉh).

etymon

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

Chenab (a river in Punjab, Pakistan and the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the state of Himachal Pradesh in India)


چھونگ چھنگ

ur-proper noun

چھون٘گ چِھن٘گ

چھون٘گ چِھن٘گ • (choṅg chiṅg) m (Hindi spelling छोंग छिंग)

چھون٘گ چِھن٘گ (canonical)
choṅg chiṅg (romanization)
छोंग छिंग (Hindi)

/t͡ʃʰoːŋɡ t͡ʃʰɪŋɡ/

Borrowed from Mandarin 重慶／重庆 (Chóngqìng).

چھونگ چھنگ (شِنہوا) چین کی جنوب مغربی چھونگ چھنگ میونسپلٹی کی بیلٹ اینڈ روڈ کے گرد ممالک اور خطوں کے ساتھ تجارت میں 2019 کے دوران 3 فیصد سالانہ کا اضافہ ہوا جو میونسپلٹی کی کل تجارت کا 27 فیصد ہے۔

2020 January 16, “چین، چھونگ چھنگ کی بیلٹ اینڈ روڈ ممالک کے ساتھ تجارت میں اضافہ”, in INP – Independent News Pakistan, archived from the original on 2022-06-26:

Chongqing (Xinhua) China's southwestern Chongqing municipality's trade with countries and regions along the Belt and Road increased by 3 percent annually in 2019, accounting for 27 percent of the municipality's total trade.

choṅg chiṅg (śinhūā) cīn kī junūb maġribī choṅg chiṅg miyūnisipaliṭī kī bailṭ ainḍ roḍ ke gird mumālik aur xit̤t̤oṉ ke sāth tijārat meṉ 2019 ke daurān 3 fīṣad sālāna kā iẓāfa hūā jo miyūnisipaliṭī kī kul tijārat kā 27 fīṣad hai.

Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China).


محلہ

ur-noun

مَحَلَّہ • (mahalla) m (formal plural مَحَلَّات (mahallāt), Hindi spelling महल्ला or मोहल्ला or मुहल्ला)

مَحَلَّہ (canonical)
mahalla (romanization)
مَحَلَّات (formal plural)
महल्ला (Hindi)
मोहल्ला (Hindi)
मुहल्ला (Hindi)
محلَہ (direct singular)
span> " lang="ur">محلے (direct plural)
span> " lang="ur">محلے (oblique singular)
span> " lang="ur">محلوں (oblique plural)
span> " lang="ur">محلے (singular vocative)
span> " lang="ur">محلو (plural vocative)

→ English: mahallah

Borrowed from Classical Persian محله (mahalla), taken from Arabic مَحَلَّة (maḥalla). Compare Bengali মহল্লা (moholla) and Punjabi محلہ (mahallā)/ਮਹੱਲਾ (mahallā).


جبیل

ur-proper noun

جُبَیل • (jubail) m (Hindi spelling जुबैल)

جُبَیل (canonical)
jubail (romanization)
जुबैल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic جُبَيْل (jubayl), from Phoenician 𐤂𐤁𐤋 (gbl).

Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate#English

Byblos (a port city in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon)


انطلیاس

Borrowed from Arabic أَنْطِلْيَاس (ʔanṭilyās).

bor+

أَنْطِلْيَاس

Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Governorate#English

Antilyas (a city in Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon)


کراچی

ur-proper noun

کَراچی • (karācī) m (Hindi spelling कराची)

کَراچی (canonical)
karācī (romanization)
कराची (Hindi)

/kə.ɾɑː.t͡ʃiː/

Supposedly from Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī), named after Mai Kolachi.

bor

Sindhi کولاچی (kōlāčī)

Karachi (the largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province)


میونخ

ur-noun

مْیُونِخ • (myūnix) m (Hindi spelling म्यूनिख़)

مْیُونِخ (canonical)
myūnix (romanization)
म्यूनिख़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Munich, influenced by German München.

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


فرینکفرٹ

ur-proper noun

فْرَین٘کْفَرْٹ

फ़्रैंकफ़र्ट

فْرَین٘کْفَرْٹ • (fraiṅkfarṭ) m (Hindi spelling फ़्रैंकफ़र्ट)

فْرَین٘کْفَرْٹ (canonical)
fraiṅkfarṭ (romanization)
फ़्रैंकफ़र्ट (Hindi)

/fɾɛːŋk.fəɾʈ/

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-am-Main (the largest city in Hesse, in central Germany)

Frankfurt, Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (a sizable town in Brandenburg, in eastern Germany)


کبابیر

ur-noun

کَبابِیر • (kabābīr) m (Hindi spelling कबाबीर)

کَبابِیر (canonical)
kabābīr (romanization)
कबाबीर (Hindi)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْكَبَابِير (al-kabābīr).

bor+

اَلْكَبَابِير

Kababir (a neighbourhood of Haifa, Israel)


مدینہ

ur-proper noun

مَدِینَہ • (madīna) m (Hindi spelling मदीना)

مَدِینَہ (canonical)
madīna (romanization)
मदीना (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian مدینه (madīna), itself from Arabic الْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).


خیبر پختونخوا

ur-proper noun

خَیْبَر پَخْتُونخْوا

خَیْبَر پَخْتُونخْوا • (xaibar-paxtūnxvā) m (Hindi spelling ख़ैबर पख़्तूनख़्वा)

خَیْبَر پَخْتُونخْوا (canonical)
xaibar-paxtūnxvā (romanization)
ख़ैबर पख़्तूनख़्वा (Hindi)

→ English: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-خیبر پختونخوا.wav

From خیبر (xaibar, “Khyber”) + پختونخوا (paxtūnxvā, “Land of the Pashtun”), literally “the Khyber side of the Pashtun heartland”. Compare Pashto خېبر پښتونخوا (xēbar paẍtunxwâ).

cog

خېبر پښتونخوا

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English:_Q183314

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (a province in northwestern Pakistan)


پنج شیر

ur-proper noun

پَنْجْ شیر • (panj śer) m (Hindi spelling पंजशेर)

پَنْجْ شیر (canonical)
panj śer (romanization)
पंजशेर (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پنجشیر (panjšir).


کاشغر

ur-proper noun

کاشْغَر • (kāśġar) m (Hindi spelling काशग़र)

کاشْغَر (canonical)
kāśġar (romanization)
काशग़र (Hindi)


گیسن

گِیسَن • (gīsan) m (Hindi spelling गीसन)

گِیسَن (canonical)
gīsan (romanization)
गीसन (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Giessen, itself from German Gießen.


ہیمبرگ

ہَیمْبَرْگ or ہَیمْبُرْگ • (haimbarg or haimburg) m (Hindi spelling हैंबर्ग or हैंबुर्ग)

ہَیمْبَرْگ (canonical)
ہَیمْبُرْگ (canonical)
haimbarg (romanization)
haimburg (romanization)
हैंबर्ग (Hindi)
हैंबुर्ग (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Hamburg, or directly from German Hamburg.

Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany)

Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)


سیرا لیون

سِیرا لِیون • (sīrā liyon) m (Hindi spelling सीरा लीवन)

سِیرا لِیون (canonical)
sīrā liyon (romanization)
सीरा लीवन (Hindi)

سِی‧را‧لِ‧یون

Borrowed from Arabic سِيرَالِيُون (sīrāliyūn).

bor+

سِيرَالِيُون


جالندھر

ur-noun

جالَنْدَھر • (jālandhar) m (Hindi spelling जालंधर)

جالَنْدَھر (canonical)
jālandhar (romanization)
जालंधर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒɑː.lən.d̪ʱəɾ/

جا‧لَنْ‧دَھر

Compare Punjabi جَلَنْدَھر (jalandhar) / ਜਲੰਧਰ (jalandhar).


امرتسر

ur-proper noun

اَمْرِتْسَر • (amritsar) m (Hindi spelling अमृतसर)

اَمْرِتْسَر (canonical)
amritsar (romanization)
अमृतसर (Hindi)

اَمْ‧رِتْ‧سَر


چوک

چَوک (canonical)
cauk (romanization)
चौक (Hindi)
چوک (direct singular)
چوک (direct plural)
چوک (oblique singular)
چوکوں (oblique plural)
چوک (singular vocative)
چوکو (plural vocative)

→ English: chowk

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cadukka), from Sanskrit चतुष्क (catuṣka). Cognate with Bengali চক (cok), Punjabi چَوک (cauk) / ਚੌਕ (cauk), Nepali चोक (cok), Gujarati ચોક (cok), Odia ଚଉକ (cauka).


راولپنڈی

ur-proper noun

راوَلْپِنْڈی

راوَلْپِنْڈی • (rāvalpinḍī) m (Hindi spelling रावलपिंडी)

راوَلْپِنْڈی (canonical)
rāvalpinḍī (romanization)
रावलपिंडी (Hindi)

را‧ول‧پِن‧ڈی

From Punjabi راولپنڈی (rāvalpinḍī), named after Bappa Rawal.

Rawalpindi (a city in Rawalpindi district, Punjab, Pakistan)


نو آبادی

ur-noun

نَو آبادی • (nau ābādī) f (formal plural نَو آبادیات (nau ābādyāt), Hindi spelling नौ आबादी)

نَو آبادی (canonical)
nau ābādī (romanization)
نَو آبادیات (formal plural)
नौ आबादी (Hindi)
نو آبادی (direct singular)
نو آبادِیاں (direct plural)
نو آبادی (oblique singular)
نو آبادِیوں (oblique plural)
نو آبادی (singular vocative)
نو آبادِیو (plural vocative)

/nɔː ɑː.bɑː.d̪iː/

From نَو (nau, “new”) + آبادی (ābādī, “populace; settlement”).


تنزانیہ

ur-proper noun

تَنْزانِیَہ • (tanzāniya) m (Hindi spelling तंज़ानिया)

تَنْزانِیَہ (canonical)
tanzāniya (romanization)
तंज़ानिया (Hindi)


قرہ باغ

قَرَہ باغ • (qara bāġ) m (Hindi spelling क़राबाग़)

قَرَہ باغ (canonical)
qara bāġ (romanization)
क़राबाग़ (Hindi)

/qə.ɾɑː.bɑːɣ/

Karabakh (a region between Azerbaijan and Armenia)

Qarabagh (a district of Ghazi, Afghanistan)


یون

یَوَن (canonical)
yavan (romanization)
यवन (Hindi)

Borrowed from Sanskrit यवन (yavana), itself from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/). Doublet of یونان (yūnān) and جون (javan).


انٹارکٹکا

ur-proper noun

انٹارکٹکا • (aṇṭārkṭikā) m (Hindi spelling अंटार्कटिका)

aṇṭārkṭikā (romanization)
अंटार्कटिका (Hindi)

/əɳ.ʈɑːɾk.ʈɪ.kɑː/


بھونیشور

بُھونیشْوَر • (bhūneśvar) m (Hindi spelling भुवनेश्वर)

بُھونیشْوَر (canonical)
bhūneśvar (romanization)
भुवनेश्वर (Hindi)

[bʱʊ.neːʃ.ʋəɾ]

Transliteration of Hindi भुवनेश्वर (bhuvneśvar).

transliteration

Bhubaneshwar (a city, the capital of Odisha, India)


اسکاٹ لینڈ

ur-proper noun

اسْکاٹ لَینْڈ

اسْکاٹ لَینْڈ • (askāṭ lainḍ) m (Hindi spelling स्कॉटलैंड)

اسْکاٹ لَینْڈ (canonical)
askāṭ lainḍ (romanization)
स्कॉटलैंड (Hindi)

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe).


کالسروئے

کالْسرُوئے • (kālsrū'e) m (Hindi spelling काल्सरूए)

کالْسرُوئے (canonical)
kālsrū'e (romanization)
काल्सरूए (Hindi)

Karlsruhe (a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany)


جموں

جَمُّوں • (jammū̃) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू)

جَمُّوں (canonical)
jammū̃ (romanization)
जम्मू (Hindi)

Inherited from Sanskrit जम्बू (jambū). Traditionally considered to be named after Jambu Lochan. Cognate with Saraiki ڄَمُّوں (ǰammūṉ).

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jammu (a city, the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India).

Jammu (a region of Jammu and Kashmir, India).


دہرہ دون

دِہْرَہ دُون

دِہْرَہ دُون • (dihra dūn) m (Hindi spelling देहरादून)

دِہْرَہ دُون (canonical)
dihra dūn (romanization)
देहरादून (Hindi)

From دِہْرَہ (dihra, “Dera”) + دُون (dūn, “Doon Valley”).

compound

Dehradun (a city, the state capital of Uttarakhand, India)


رنگپور

ur-proper noun

رَنگپُور • (rangpūr) m (Hindi spelling रंगपुर)

رَنگپُور (canonical)
rangpūr (romanization)
रंगपुर (Hindi)

Rangpur Division
Rangpur Division#English

Rangpur (a city, a divisional capital in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh)

Rangpur District
Rangpur District#English

(by extension) Rangpur District (a district of Bangladesh)

(by extension) Rangpur Division (a division of Bangladesh)


اروناچل پردیش

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش • (arūnācal pradeś) m (Hindi spelling अरुणाचल प्रदेश)

اَرُوناچَل پْرَدیش (canonical)
arūnācal pradeś (romanization)
अरुणाचल प्रदेश (Hindi)

desc

أَرُونَاجَل بْرَدِيش

→ Arabic: أَرُونَاجَل بْرَدِيش (ʔarūnājal bradīš)

/ə.ɾuː.nɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi अरुणाचल प्रदेश (aruṇācal pradeś).

transliteration

अरुणाचल प्रदेश

Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh#English


جونپور

ur-proper noun

جونپور • (jaunpūr) m (Hindi spelling जौनपुर)

After Muhammad Fakhr Malik Jauna Khan bin Tughluq; literally Jauna's town, جون (jon) + ـپور (-por).

Jaunpur district
Jaunpur district#English

Jaunpur; A district of Uttar Pradesh, India

A city in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India

A Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India

A Legislative Assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh, India


متحدہ عرب امارات

ur-noun

مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات

مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات • (muttahida 'arab imārāt) m pl (Hindi spelling मुत्तहिदा अरब इमारात)

مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات (canonical)
muttahida 'arab imārāt (romanization)
मुत्तहिदा अरब इमारात (Hindi)

/mʊt̪.t̪ə.ɦɪ.d̪ɑː ə.ɾəb ɪ.mɑː.ɾɑːt̪/

Calque of Arabic الْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَّة الْمُتَّحِدَة (al-ʔimārāt al-ʕarabiyya l-muttaḥida).

calque

United Arab Emirates (a country in Asia).


راجشاہی

ur-proper noun

رَاجْشَاہِی • (rājshāhī) m (Hindi spelling राजशाही)

رَاجْشَاہِی (canonical)
rājshāhī (romanization)
राजशाही (Hindi)

desc

→ Pashto: راجشاهی

→ Pashto: راجشاهی

/ɾɑːd͡ʒs.ɦɑː.ɦiː/

Borrowed from Bengali রাজশাহী (rajśahi).

Rajshahi District
Rajshahi District#English

(by extension) Rajshahi District (a district of Bangladesh)

Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division#English

(by extension) Rajshahi Division (a division of Bangladesh)


بریشال

ur-proper noun

بَرِیْشَال • (barīśāl) m (Hindi spelling बरिशाल)

بَرِیْشَال (canonical)
barīśāl (romanization)
बरिशाल (Hindi)

desc

→ Pashto: بریشال

→ Pashto: بریشال

Barisal District
Barisal District#English

(by extension) Barisal District (a district of Bangladesh)

Barisal Division
Barisal Division#English

(by extension) Barisal Division (a division of Bangladesh)


بیت اللحم

ur-noun

بَیْت اَلْلَحْم

بَیْت اَلْلَحْم • (bait al-lahm) m (Hindi spelling बैतलहम)

بَیْت اَلْلَحْم (canonical)
बैतलहम (Hindi)

From Arabic بَيْت لَحْم (bayt laḥm), ultimately from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet lékhem).

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


ہالی وڈ

ur-proper noun

ہالی وڈ • (hālī oḍ) ? (Hindi spelling हॉलीवुड)

Hollywood (an area in Los Angeles, California, United States, known as the center of the American motion picture industry)


قادیان

قادِیان • (qādiyān) m (Hindi spelling क़ादियान)

قادِیان (canonical)
qādiyān (romanization)
क़ादियान (Hindi)

→ Arabic: قَادِيَان (qādiyān)

→ English: Qadian

→ Hebrew: קַאדִיָאן (qādiyān)

→ Hindi: क़ादियान (qādiyān)

Qadian (a town in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India)


کینیا

کِینِیا • (kīniyā) m (Hindi spelling कीनिया)

کِینِیا (canonical)
kīniyā (romanization)
कीनिया (Hindi)

Borrowed from English Kenya, from a dated pronunciation. Possibly also influenced by Arabic كِينِيَا (kīniyā).


واسط

واسِط • (vāsit) m (Hindi spelling वासित)

واسِط (canonical)
vāsit (romanization)
वासित (Hindi)


کیرلا

کیرَلا • (keralā) ? (Hindi spelling केरला)

کیرَلا (canonical)
keralā (romanization)
केरला (Hindi)


گوا

گوَا (canonical)
goā (romanization)
गोवा (Hindi)


اتر کھنڈ

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ • (uttar khanḍ) m (Hindi spelling उत्तराखंड)

اُتَّر کَھنْڈ (canonical)
uttar khanḍ (romanization)
उत्तराखंड (Hindi)

/ʊt̪.t̪əɾ kʰənɖ/


جھارکھنڈ

جھارْکَھنْڈ • (jhārkhanḍ) ? (Hindi spelling झारखंड)

جھارْکَھنْڈ (canonical)
jhārkhanḍ (romanization)
झारखंड (Hindi)

/d͡ʒʱɑːɾ.kʰənɖ/

Transliteration of Hindi झारखंड (jhārkhaṇḍ)


تریپورہ

ur-proper noun

تْرِیپُورَہ • (trīpūra) ? (Hindi spelling त्रीपूरा)

تْرِیپُورَہ (canonical)
trīpūra (romanization)
त्रीपूरा (Hindi)


تامل ناڈو

تامِل ناڈُو • (tāmil nāḍū) ? (Hindi spelling तामिल नाडू)

تامِل ناڈُو (canonical)
tāmil nāḍū (romanization)
तामिल नाडू (Hindi)

Transliteration of Hindi तामिल नाडू (tāmil nāḍū)


ناگالینڈ

ur-proper noun

ناگالَینْڈ • (nāgālainḍ) ? (Hindi spelling नागालैंड)

ناگالَینْڈ (canonical)
nāgālainḍ (romanization)
नागालैंड (Hindi)

/nɑː.ɡɑː.lɛːnɖ/


میزورم

مِیزورَم • (mīzoram) ? (Hindi spelling मीज़ोरम)

مِیزورَم (canonical)
mīzoram (romanization)
मीज़ोरम (Hindi)


منی پور

مَنی پُور • (manī pūr) ? (Hindi spelling मनी पूर)

مَنی پُور (canonical)
manī pūr (romanization)
मनी पूर (Hindi)


مدھیہ پردیش

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش • (madhya pradeś) ? (Hindi spelling मधिया प्रदेश)

مَدھیَہ پْرَدیش (canonical)
madhya pradeś (romanization)
मधिया प्रदेश (Hindi)

/məd̪ʱ.jɑː pɾə.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi मध्य प्रदेश (madhya pradeś)


اوڈیشہ

ur-proper noun

اوڈِیشہ • (oḍīśah) m (Hindi spelling ओडीशह)

اوڈِیشہ (canonical)
oḍīśah (romanization)
ओडीशह (Hindi)

/oː.ɖiː.ʃəɦ/


چھتیس گڑھ

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ • (chattīs gaṛh) m (Hindi spelling छत्तीसगढ़)

چَھتِّیس گَڑھ (canonical)
chattīs gaṛh (romanization)
छत्तीसगढ़ (Hindi)

/t͡ʃʰət̪.t̪iːs ɡəɽʱ/

From چَھتِّیس (chattīs, “thirty-six”) + گَڑھ (gaṛh, “forts”).


جموں و کشمیر

ur-proper noun

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر

जम्मू और कश्मीर

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر • (jammūṉ o kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू और कश्मीर)

جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر (canonical)
jammūṉ o kaśmīr (romanization)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (Hindi)

LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-جموں و کشمیر.wav

From جَمُّوں (jammū̃, “Jammu”) + و (o, “and/&”) + کَشْمِیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”), likely a calque of English Jammu and Kashmir. Compare Hindi जम्मू और कश्मीर (jammū aur kaśmīr).

noncog

जम्मू और कश्मीर

Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory in northern India; capital: Jammu and Srinagar)

(now historical) Jammu and Kashmir, a princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.

Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir


ہریانہ

ur-proper noun

ہَرِیانَہ • (hariyāna) m (Hindi spelling हरियाणा)

ہَرِیانَہ (canonical)
hariyāna (romanization)
हरियाणा (Hindi)


راجستھان

راجَسْتھان • (rājasthān) ? (Hindi spelling राजस्थान)

راجَسْتھان (canonical)
rājasthān (romanization)
राजस्थान (Hindi)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʒəs.t̪ʰɑːn/

Transliteration of Hindi राजस्थान (rājasthān)


میگھالیہ

ur-proper noun

میگھالِیَہ • (meghāliya) ? (Hindi spelling मेघालिया)

میگھالِیَہ (canonical)
meghāliya (romanization)
मेघालिया (Hindi)


ہماچل پردیش

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش • (himācal pradeś) ? (Hindi spelling हिमाचल प्रदेश)

ہِماچَل پْرَدیش (canonical)
himācal pradeś (romanization)
हिमाचल प्रदेश (Hindi)

/ɦɪ.mɑː.t͡ʃəl pɾɑː.d̪eːʃ/

Transliteration of Hindi हिमाचल प्रदेश (himācal pradeś)

transliteration

हिमाचल प्रदेश


جزائر انڈمان و نکوبار

ur-proper noun

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار

जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار • (jazāir-e-anḍamān-o-nikobār) m pl (Hindi spelling जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार)

جَزائِرِ انْڈمان و نِکوبار (canonical)
jazāir-e-anḍamān-o-nikobār (romanization)
जज़ाइर-ए-अंडमान-ओ-निकोबार (Hindi)

/d͡ʒə.zɑː.ɪɾ eː ən.ɖə.mɑːn oː nɪ.koː.bɑːɾ/

Calque of Hindi अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह (aṇḍamān aur nikobār dvīpsamūh)

calque

अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीपसमूह

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andaman and Nicobar Islands#English

Andaman and Nicobar Islands (a union territory of India; capital: Port Blair)

en-جزائر_انڈمان_و_نکوبار-ur-name-J4Cdj2oi


چنڈی گڑھ

ur-proper noun

چَنْڈی گَڑھ • (caṇḍī-gaṛh) m (Hindi spelling चंडीगढ़)

چَنْڈی گَڑھ (canonical)
caṇḍī-gaṛh (romanization)
चंडीगढ़ (Hindi)

/t͡ʃən.ɖiː.ɡəɽʱ/

Chandigarh (a city in northern India, which serves as the capital of the states of Haryana and Punjab)


بعلبک

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَعْلَبَکّ (ba'labakk), from Arabic بَعْلَبَكّ (baʕlabakk).

bor+

Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate#English

Baalbek (the capital city of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon)


پرتگال

ur-proper noun

پُرْتُگال • (purtugāl) m (Hindi spelling पुर्तगाल)

پُرْتُگال (canonical)
purtugāl (romanization)
पुर्तगाल (Hindi)

/pʊɾ.t̪ʊ.ɡɑːl/

/pʊɾ.t̪ə.ɡɑːl/


دیسی

ur-adj

دیسی • (desī) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling देसी)

Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent#English

local, native, indigenous (to the Indian subcontinent)


ایشیا

ur-proper noun

ایشِیا • (eśiyā) m (Hindi spelling एशिया)

ایشِیا (canonical)
eśiyā (romanization)
एशिया (Hindi)

Meronyms: جنوبی ایشیا (jnobī eśyā), شمالی ایشیا (śmālī eśyā), مشرقی ایشیا, مغربی ایشیا


مغربی ایشیا

مَغْرِبی ایشِیا

مَغْرِبی ایشِیا • (maġribī eśiyā) m (Hindi spelling मग़्रिबी एशिया)

مَغْرِبی ایشِیا (canonical)
maġribī eśiyā (romanization)
मग़्रिबी एशिया (Hindi)

Holonym: ایشیا (eśyā)


مشرقی ایشیا

مَشْرِقی ایشِیا

مَشْرِقی ایشِیا • (maśriqī eśiyā) m (Hindi spelling मश्रिक़ी एशिया)

مَشْرِقی ایشِیا (canonical)
maśriqī eśiyā (romanization)
मश्रिक़ी एशिया (Hindi)

Holonym: ایشیا (eśyā)


جنوبی ایشیا

جُنُوبی ایشِیا

جُنُوبی ایشِیا • (junūbī eśiyā) m (Hindi spelling जुनूबी एशिया)

جُنُوبی ایشِیا (canonical)
junūbī eśiyā (romanization)
जुनूबी एशिया (Hindi)

Holonym: ایشیا (eśyā)


ڈوور

ڈووَر (canonical)
ḍovar (romanization)
डोवर (Hindi)

Dover (a town and major port in Kent, England)


جبرالٹر

جِبْرالْٹَر • (jibrālṭar) m (Hindi spelling जिब्राल्टर)

جِبْرالْٹَر (canonical)
jibrālṭar (romanization)
जिब्राल्टर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒɪb.ɾɑːl.ʈəɾ/

Borrowed from English Gibraltar, taken from Spanish Gibraltar, itself from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq), meaning "Mountain of Tariq".

der

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


قاہرہ

ur-proper noun

قاہِرَہ • (qāhira) m (Hindi spelling क़ाहिरा)

قاہِرَہ (canonical)
qāhira (romanization)
क़ाहिरा (Hindi)

/qɑː.ɦɪ.ɾɑ(ː)/

Borrowed from Classical Persian قاهره (qāhira), itself from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


اسکندریہ

ur-proper noun

اِسْکَنْدَرِیَہ

اِسْکَنْدَرِیَہ • (iskandariya) m (Hindi spelling इसकंदरिया)

اِسْکَنْدَرِیَہ (canonical)
iskandariya (romanization)
इसकंदरिया (Hindi)

From Arabic الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة (al-ʔiskandariyya).

bor

الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة


ہمالیہ

ur-proper noun

ہِمالِیَہ • (himāliya) m (Hindi spelling हिमालय)

ہِمالِیَہ (canonical)
himāliya (romanization)
हिमालय (Hindi)

→ Arabic: هِمَالِيَة (himāliya)

Semi-learned borrowing from Classical Sanskrit हिमालय (himālaya).

slbor

Himalayas (a mountain range across the entire Indian subcontinent).


اوڑی

اُوڑی (canonical)
ūṛī (romanization)
ऊड़ी (Hindi)

Borrowed from Pahari-Potwari اُوڑی (ūṛī).

bor+

Uri (a town, a tehsil in Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


لوسیل

ur-proper noun

لُوسَیْل • (lūsayl) m (Hindi spelling लूसैल)

لُوسَیْل (canonical)
lūsayl (romanization)
लूसैल (Hindi)


مڈغاسکر

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


مظفر آباد

مُظَفَّر آباد

मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद

مُظَفَّر آباد • (muz̤affar ābād) m (Hindi spelling मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद)

مُظَفَّر آباد (canonical)
muz̤affar ābād (romanization)
मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (Hindi)

desc

مُظَفَّر أَبَاد

→ Arabic: مُظَفَّر أَبَاد (muẓaffar ʔabād)

→ English: Muzaffarabad

मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद

→ Hindi: मुज़फ़्फ़राबाद (muzaffarābād)

From مُظَفَّر (muz̤affar) + آباد (-ābād), named after Sultan Muzaffar Khan who founded the city.

Muzaffarabad (the capital city of the region of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan).

Muzaffarabad District
Muzaffarabad District#English

(by extension) Muzaffarabad District (a district of Azad Kashmir)

Muzaffarabad Division
Muzaffarabad Division#English

(by extension) Muzaffarabad Division (a division of Azad Kashmir)


دادو

دادُو (canonical)
dādū (romanization)
दादू (Hindi)

Named after Syed Dad Muhammad Shah Alias Dadu, the founder of the city.

Dadu (a city in Dadu district, Sindh, Pakistan)


جموں اور کشمیر

ur-proper noun

जम्मू और कश्मीर

جموں اور کشمیر • (jammū̃ aur kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling जम्मू और कश्मीर)

jammū̃ aur kaśmīr (romanization)
जम्मू और कश्मीर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒəm.mũː ɔːɾ kəʃ.miːɾ/

جموں و کشمیر
جموں و کشمیر#Urdu

Alternative form of جموں و کشمیر (jammū̃-o-kaśmīr): Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory in northern India; capital: Jammu and Srinagar)


آزاد جموں و کشمیر

آزاد جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر

आज़ाद जम्मू-ओ-कश्मीर

آزاد جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر • (āzād jammū̃-o-kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling आज़ाद जम्मू-ओ-कश्मीर)

آزاد جَمُّوں و کَشْمِیر (canonical)
āzād jammū̃-o-kaśmīr (romanization)
आज़ाद जम्मू-ओ-कश्मीर (Hindi)

/ɑː.zɑːd̪ d͡ʒəm.mũː oː kəʃ.miːɾ/

LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-آزاد جموں و کشمیر.wav

From آزاد (āzād, “free”) + جموں (jmõ, “Jammu”) + کشمیر (o, “and”) + [Term?] (“Kashmir”).

af

Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir#English

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (an autonomous territory of Pakistan; capital: Muzaffarabad)


آزاد کشمیر

ur-proper noun

آزاد کَشْمِیر

आज़ाद कश्मीर

آزاد کَشْمِیر • (āzād kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling आज़ाद कश्मीर)

آزاد کَشْمِیر (canonical)
āzād kaśmīr (romanization)
आज़ाद कश्मीर (Hindi)

/ɑː.zɑːd̪ kəʃ.miːɾ/

From آزاد (āzād, “free”) + کشمیر (“Kashmir”)

آزاد جموں و کشمیر
آزاد جموں و کشمیر#Urdu

Alternative form of آزاد جموں و کشمیر (āzād jammū̃-o-kaśmīr)


مقبوضہ کشمیر

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر • (maqbūẓa kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling मक़्बूज़ा कश्मीर)

مَقْبُوضَہ کَشْمِیر (canonical)
maqbūẓa kaśmīr (romanization)
मक़्बूज़ा कश्मीर (Hindi)

From مقبوضہ (maqbūẓa, “occupied”) + کشمیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”)

com

(Pakistan) the de facto India union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh collectively called "Indian-Administered Kashmir", one of three parts that together form the dejure province of Kashmir, the other being Azad Kashmir and Aksai Chin.

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

(by extension) Jammu and Kashmir (a union territory in northern India; capital: Jammu and Srinagar)


گورداسپور

ur-proper noun

گورْداسْپُور

گورْداسْپُور • (gordāspūr) m (Hindi spelling गुरदासपुर)

گورْداسْپُور (canonical)
gordāspūr (romanization)
गुरदासपुर (Hindi)

[ɡʊɾ.d̪ɑːs.puːɾ]

گُور‧داس‧پُور

From گورداس (gordās) + ـپُور (-pūr, “town; city; village”). Named after Mahant Guriya das ji.

suffix

لیکن پنجابی کا جو لہجہ سب کے لیے معیار قرار پایا، جس کی گرامر و اصول سب کے لئے قابل قبول ہوئے وہ لاہور، امرتسر، گورداسپور، سیالکوٹ اور ان کے نواحی علاقوں کا ہے۔

2023 January 18, Ashraf Sharif, “پنجاب کی لسانی تاریخ کا کھوج [Exploring the Linguistic History of Punjab]”, in روزنامہ ٩٢نیوز [Daily 92 News ePaper]:

However, the dialect of Punjabi which was set as the standard for all, and whose grammar and principles became acceptable to all, belongs to Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Sialkot and their suburbs.

lekin panjābī kā jo lahja sab ke liye miʻyar qarār pāya, jis kī grāmar o aṣūl sab ke liy'e qābl-e-qabūl hū'e vo lāhaur, amritsar, gordāspūr, siyalkoṭ aur un ke nuvāḥī ʻilāqoṉ kā hai.

گورداسپور کی متنازعہ تقسیم

2022 August 15, Farooq Azam, “جب لاہور اچانک بھارت کے بجائے پاکستان کا حصہ بن گیا [When Lahore suddenly became a part of Pakistan instead of India]”, in DW Urdu:

Gurdaspur (a city and administrative headquarters of Gurdaspur District in the Indian state of Punjab).

میاں فضل حسین کا تعلق بھٹی راجپوت سے تھا اور ان کا خاندان گو بٹالہ ضلع گورداسپور کا متوطن تھا

1995, Research Society of Pakistan, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, page 61:

Mian Fazl Hussain belonged to Bhatti Rajput and his family were from Batala, district Gurdaspur

miyaṉ faẓl ḥusain kā taʻluq bhaṭṭī rājpūt se thā āur un kā xāndān go baṭāla ẓilaʻ gordāspūr kā mutavat̤t̤in thā

Gurdaspur District
Gurdaspur District#English

(by extension) Gurdaspur District (a district of Punjab, India)


انتظامی تقسیم

ur-noun

اِنْتِظامی تَقْسِیم

اِنْتِظامی تَقْسِیم • (intizāmī taqsīm) f (Hindi spelling अिंतिज़ामी तक़्सीम)

اِنْتِظامی تَقْسِیم (canonical)
intizāmī taqsīm (romanization)
अिंतिज़ामी तक़्सीम (Hindi)

From انتظامی (“administrative”) + تقسیم (“division”).


گلگت بلتستان

ur-proper noun

گِلْگِت بَلْتِسْتان

गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान

گِلْگِت بَلْتِسْتان • (gilgit baltistān) m (Hindi spelling गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान)

گِلْگِت بَلْتِسْتان (canonical)
gilgit baltistān (romanization)
गिलगित-बल्तिस्तान (Hindi)

LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-گلگت بلتستان.wav

From گلگت (“Gilgit”) + بلتستان (“Baltistan”), the latter borrowed from Classical Persian بلتستان (baltistân), equivalent to بلتی (“Balti people”) + ـستان (“-land”).

Gilgit-Baltistan (an autonomous territory of Pakistan; capital: Gilgit)


دہلوی

ur-noun

دِہْلَوی • (dihlavī) m or f (Hindi spelling देहलवी)

دِہْلَوی (canonical)
dihlavī (romanization)
देहलवी (Hindi)
دِہلَوی (direct singular)
دِہلَوی (direct plural)
دِہلَوی (oblique singular)
دِہلَوِیوں (oblique plural)
دِہلَوی (singular vocative)
دِہلَوِیو (plural vocative)
دِہلَوی (direct singular)
دِہلَوِیاں (direct plural)
دِہلَوی (oblique singular)
دِہلَوِیوں (oblique plural)
دِہلَوی (singular vocative)
دِہلَوِیو (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دهلوی (dehlavi)


دادرا و نگر حویلی و دمن و دیو

ur-proper noun

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو • (dādrā-o-nagar-havailī-o-daman-o-dīv) m (Hindi spelling दादरा ओ नगर हवय्ली ओ दमन ओ दीव)

دادرا و نَگَر حَوَیْلی و دَمَن و دِیو (canonical)
dādrā-o-nagar-havailī-o-daman-o-dīv (romanization)
दादरा ओ नगर हवय्ली ओ दमन ओ दीव (Hindi)

/d̪ɑːd̪.ɾɑː oː nə.ɡəɾ.ɦə.ʋeː.liː oː d̪ə.mən oː d̪iː.oː/

Calque of English Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Compare Hindi दादरा और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव (dādrā aur nagar havelī evã daman aur dīv)

noncog

दादरा और नगर हवेली एवं दमन और दीव

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu#English

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (a union territory of India; capital: Daman)

en-دادرا_و_نگر_حویلی_و_دمن_و_دیو-ur-name-rCLD~D2B


قراقرم

ur-proper noun

قَراقُرَم • (qarāquram) m (Hindi spelling क़राक़ुरम)

قَراقُرَم (canonical)
qarāquram (romanization)
क़राक़ुरम (Hindi)

Ultimately from a Turkic language. See Karakoram.

Karakoram (a mountain range located in the regions of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan and Ladakh, India).


سورن کوٹ

سُورَن کوٹ • (sūran koṭ) m (Hindi spelling सूरनकोट)

سُورَن کوٹ (canonical)
sūran koṭ (romanization)
सूरनकोट (Hindi)

Surankote, Surankot (a town, a tehsil in Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


مہنڈر

مِہِنْڈَر • (mihinḍar) m (Hindi spelling मेंढर)

مِہِنْڈَر (canonical)
mihinḍar (romanization)
मेंढर (Hindi)

/mɪ.ɦɪn.ɖəɾ/

Mendhar (a town, a tehsil in Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


تھنہ منڈی

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی • (thana manḍī) m (Hindi spelling थनामंडी)

تَھنَہ مَنْڈی (canonical)
thana manḍī (romanization)
थनामंडी (Hindi)

Thanamandi (a town, a tehsil in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


شوپیاں

شوپیاں • (śopiyā̃) m

[ʃʊ.pɪ.jɑ̃ː]

Shopian (a city, a district of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


راجوری

راجَوری • (rājaurī) m (Hindi spelling राजौरी)

راجَوری (canonical)
rājaurī (romanization)
राजौरी (Hindi)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʒɔː.ɾiː/

Rajouri, Rajauri (a city, a district of Jammu and Kashmir, India)


درہال

دَرْہال • (darhāl) m (Hindi spelling दर्हाल)

دَرْہال (canonical)
darhāl (romanization)
दर्हाल (Hindi)

Darhal (a town, a tehsil in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir, India)


سکندر آباد

سِکَنْدَر آباد

سِکَنْدَر آباد • (sikandar ābād) m (Hindi spelling सिकंदराबाद)

سِکَنْدَر آباد (canonical)
sikandar ābād (romanization)
सिकंदराबाद (Hindi)

→ English: Secunderabad

Secunderabad (a city in Telangana, India)


احمد آباد

اَحْمَد آباد

اَحْمَد آباد • (aḥmad ābād) m (Hindi spelling अहमदाबाद)

اَحْمَد آباد (canonical)
aḥmad ābād (romanization)
अहमदाबाद (Hindi)

desc

أَحْمَد آبَاد

→ Arabic: أَحْمَد آبَاد (ʔaḥmad ʔābād)

→ Arabic: أَحْمَد آبَاد (ʔaḥmad ʔābād)

→ Hebrew: אחמדאבאד (aḥmadābād)

[ɛɦ.mə.d̪ɑː.bɑːd̪]

Ahmedabad, Amdavad (the largest city in Gujarat, India)


برازیل

ur-proper noun

بْرازِیل • (brāzīl) m (Hindi spelling ब्राज़ील)

بْرازِیل (canonical)
brāzīl (romanization)
ब्राज़ील (Hindi)

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


گوجرانوالہ

گوجْران٘وَالَہ

گوجْران٘وَالَہ • (gojrāṉvāla) m (Hindi spelling गुजरांवाला)

گوجْران٘وَالَہ (canonical)
gojrāṉvāla (romanization)
गुजरांवाला (Hindi)

/ɡʊd͡ʒ.ɾɑ̃ː.ʋɑː.lɑ(ː)/

From Punjabi گوجرانوالہ (gujranvālā), named after the Gujjars.


کوئٹہ

کوئٹَہ • (ko'eṭa) m (Hindi spelling क्वेटा)

کوئٹَہ (canonical)
ko'eṭa (romanization)
क्वेटा (Hindi)

Supposedly from Pashto کولکوټ (kwalkōṭ).

Quetta (a city in Quetta district, Balochistan, Pakistan)


ملتان

مُلْتان • (multān) m (Hindi spelling मुल्तान)

مُلْتان (canonical)
multān (romanization)
मुल्तान (Hindi)

From Saraiki ملتان (multān), perhaps from Sanskrit मुलस्थान (mulasthāna), from मुल (mula, “an ancient Hindu tribe”) + स्थान (sthāna).

compound

Multan (a city in Multan district, Punjab, Pakistan)


سرگودھا

ur-proper noun

سَرْگودھا • (sargodhā) m (Hindi spelling सरगोधा)

سَرْگودھا (canonical)
sargodhā (romanization)
सरगोधा (Hindi)

/səɾ.ɡoː.d̪ʱɑː/

From Punjabi سرگودھا (sargodhā), from ਸਰ (sar, “pond, pool”) + ਗੋਧਾ (godhā, “a Hindu faqir”).

com

Sargodha (a city in Sargodha district, Punjab, Pakistan)


بہاولپور

ur-proper noun

بَہاوَلْپُور

بَہاوَلْپُور • (bahāvalpūr) m (Hindi spelling बहावलपुर)

بَہاوَلْپُور (canonical)
bahāvalpūr (romanization)
बहावलपुर (Hindi)

بَ‧ہا‧وَل‧پور

From بہاول (bahāval, “Nawab Mohammad Bahawal Khan II”) + پور (pūr).

compound

Bahawalpur (a city in Bahawalpur district, Punjab, Pakistan)