کیا

کْیا (canonical)
kyā (romanization)
क्या (Hindi)
کیا (direct)
کس (indirect)
کس نے (ergative)
کس کا (genitive)
کسے (dative)
کس کو (dative)
کیا (direct)
کن (indirect)
کنھوں نے (ergative)
کن کا (genitive)
کنھیں (dative)
کن کو (dative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀺𑀁 (kiṃ), 𑀓𑀺 (ki), from Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what, which”), probably influenced by the alternative nominative form का (kā). Doublet of کہ (ke, ki). Compare Punjabi ਕੀ (kī)/کی (kī), Gujarati કિયું (kiyũ), Marathi की (kī), Bengali কি (ki), Assamese কি (ki), Kashmiri کیاہ (kyah).

inh+

آم کا دام کْیا ہَے؟

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun#English

subjective interrogative pronoun used to refer to inanimate objects or abstract entities, also often used to refer to animals: what


کچھ

From, undergoing metathesis, Old Hindi कछु (kachu), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀺 (kiṃci), from Sanskrit किंचिद् (kiṃcid), neuter singular of कश्चिद् (kaścid, “someone”) (whence کوئی (koī, “anyone”)).
The -ch- reflects -śc- in Sanskrit कश्चिद् (kaścid).


انت

اَنْتَ (canonical)
anta (romanization)
अंत (Hindi)


کون

کَون (canonical)
kaun (romanization)
कौन (Hindi)
کیا (direct)
کس (indirect)
کس نے (ergative)
کس کا (genitive)
کسے (dative)
کس کو (dative)
کیا (direct)
کن (indirect)
کنھوں نے (ergative)
کن کا (genitive)
کنھیں (dative)
کن کو (dative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa कवण (kavaṇa), from Sanskrit कः पुनर् (kaḥ punar, “who”). Compare Gujarati કોણ (koṇ), Marathi कोण (koṇ), Assamese কোন (kün).

کَون بول رَہے ہَیں؟

subjective interrogative pronoun used to refer to persons: who


آپ

āp (romanization)
आप (Hindi)
آپ (direct)
آپ (indirect)
آپ نے (ergative)
آپ کا (genitive)
آپ کو (dative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Gujarati આપું (āpũ), Nepali आंत (ānta), Marathi आपण (āpaṇ), Bengali আপনি (apni), Sinhalese අපි (api). Compare Kamkata-viri amú (“self”), Dhivehi އަހަރެން (aharen̊).

inh

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

Early Modern English
Early Modern English

(formal, polite) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English formal ye.


تو

تُو (canonical)
tū (romanization)
तू (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुहुं (tuhũ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑀁 (tumaṃ), 𑀢𑀼𑀁 (tuṃ), from Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam).

inh+

second-person singular
second-person singular#English

(informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) second-person singular subjective personal pronoun: you, thou; Early Modern English thou.

اے خدا تو ہی میرا مددگار ہے!

(dialectal, literary, religion) second-person singular subjective personal pronoun, intimate or very polite: Thou


تو

head

تُو • (tū) sg (plural تم, Hindi spelling तू)

تُو (canonical)
tū (romanization)
تم (plural)
तू (Hindi)
تُو (direct)
تجھ (indirect)
تو نے (ergative)
تیرا (genitive)
تجھے (dative)
تجھ کو (dative)

(informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) the individual spoken or written to; you, thou, Early Modern English thou.


تم

تُم (canonical)
tum (romanization)
तुम (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, nom. sg.).

inh+

کیا تم مجھ سے محبت کرتی ہو؟

تم جیسے لوگوں کی ہی ضرورت ہے یہاں۔

(semiformal, familiar) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English ye.


ان

انـ (canonical)
an- (romanization)
अन- (Hindi)

Inherited from Sanskrit अन- (ana-).
Compare Middle Persian ʾn (an-).

ان + کہا (kahā, “said”) → انکہا (ankahā, “unsaid, unspoken”)

A negating prefix. non-, un-, a-, an-, etc.


ان

ur-pron

اِن • (in) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling इन)

اِن (canonical)
in (romanization)
इन (Hindi)

third-person plural
third-person plural#English

(proximal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them

third-person singular
third-person singular#English

(formal, proximal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her


ان

اُن • (un) m pl or f pl (Hindi spelling उन)

اُن (canonical)
un (romanization)
उन (Hindi)

(distal) third-person plural objective personal pronoun: them

(formal, distal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her


جو

جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)

jo (romanization)
जो (Hindi)
جو (direct)
جس (indirect)
جس نے (ergative)
جس کا (genitive)
جسے (dative)
جس کو (dative)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.


ہم

ہَم (canonical)
ham (romanization)
हम (Hindi)

Inherited from Old Hindi हम (hama), हंम (haṃma), from Apabhramsa अम्हे (amhe), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme).

ہَم ہون٘گے کامْیاب۔

ہَم سے نا کَبھی جُدا ہونا۔

first-person plural
first-person plural#English

مَیں میں#Urdu

مُجھ مجھ#Urdu

first-person plural subjective or objective personal pronoun: we, us; plural of مَیں (ma͠i), مُجھ (mujh)


میں

مَیں (canonical)
ma͠i (romanization)
मैं (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā).

میں ایک آدمی ہوں۔

first-person singular
first-person singular#English

first-person singular subjective personal pronoun: I


خود

xud (romanization)
xvud (romanization)
ख़ुद (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian خْوَد (xwad)/خْوُد (xwud).

bor+

میں یہ کام خود کروں گا۔

reflexive pronoun
reflexive pronoun#English


اس

اِس (canonical)
is (romanization)
इस (Hindi)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀲𑁄 (eso), from Sanskrit एषः (eṣaḥ).

inh+

(proximal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her, (oblique case) it


اس

اُس (canonical)
us (romanization)
उस (Hindi)

(distal) third-person singular objective personal pronoun: him, (oblique case) her, (oblique case) it


اس

head

اُس • (us) sg (plural اُن, Hindi spelling उस)

اُس (canonical)
us (romanization)
اُن (plural)
उस (Hindi)


مرا

مِرا (canonical)
mirā (romanization)
मिरा (Hindi)

میرا میرا#Urdu


وہ

vo (romanization)
वो (Hindi)
वह (Hindi)
وہ (direct)
اُس (indirect)
اُس نے (ergative)
اُس کا (genitive)
اُسے (dative)
اُس کو (dative)
وہ (direct)
اُن (indirect)
اُنھوں نے (ergative)
اُن کا (genitive)
اُنھیں (dative)
اُن کو (dative)

Most likely from Old Hindi उहु (uhu), उहुं (uhuṃ), from Apabhramsa ओहु (ohu), from Prakrit 𑀅𑀳𑁄 (aho), from Sanskrit असौ (asáu, “that”). The inflected forms are formed by analogy with its proximal counterpart یہ (ye).

demonstrative determiner
demonstrative determiner#English

distal demonstrative determiner: that, those


وہی

وَہِی (canonical)
vahī (romanization)
वही (Hindi)

وہ وَہی آدمی ہَے جِسے مَیں نے دُکان پَر دیکھا تھا۔

He is that very/the same man whom I saw at the shop.

vo vahī ādmī hai jise ma͠i ne dukān par dekhā thā.


کہ

کِہ (canonical)
ki (romanization)
कि (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کِه (ki), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭪 (AYK /kū/).

bor+

عِشْق پَر زور نَہِیں۔ ہَے یہ وہ آتِش غالِب کِہ لَگائے نَہ لَگے اَور بُجھائے نَہ بَنے۔
'iśq par zor nahī̃. hai ye vo ātiś ġālib ki lagāe na lage aur bujhāe na bane.

1879, Mirza Ghalib, Dīvān-i Ghālib, Hindustani Book Trust, Bombay

There is no compulsion in passionate love. It is that fire, Ghālib, that ignites not when ignited and dies not when quenched.


اپنے آپ

ur-adj

اَپْنے آپ • (apne āp) (Hindi spelling अपने आप)

اَپْنے آپ (canonical)
apne āp (romanization)
अपने आप (Hindi)


اپنا

اَپْنا (canonical)
apnā (romanization)
अपना (Hindi)
اپنا (direct masculine singular)
اپنے (direct masculine plural)
اپنی (direct feminine singular)
اپنی (direct feminine plural)
اپنے (indirect masculine singular)
اپنے (indirect masculine plural)
اپنی (feminine indirect singular)
اپنی (feminine indirect plural)

Cognate with Southern Hindko اپڑا (apṛā) and Punjabi اپݨا (apṇā).


اپنے تئیں

ur-pron

اپنے تئیں • (apne taī̃) (Hindi spelling अपने तईं)

apne taī̃ (romanization)
अपने तईं (Hindi)


میرا

head

میرا • (merā) m (plural ہمارا, Hindi spelling मेरा)

merā (romanization)
ہمارا (plural)
मेरा (Hindi)
میرا (direct masculine singular)
میرے (direct masculine plural)
میری (direct feminine singular)
میری (direct feminine plural)
میرے (indirect masculine singular)
میرے (indirect masculine plural)
میری (feminine indirect singular)
میری (feminine indirect plural)

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae) + را (rā, genitive affix), the first element of which is from Sanskrit मे (me), variant dative of अहम् (aham).
Cognate with Persian مرا (marâ).

af

Sauraseni Prakrit <i class="Brah mention" lang="pra">𑀫𑀏</i> (mae)

possessive determiner
possessive determiner#English

first-person singular possessive determiner: my


سب

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀩𑁆𑀩 (sabba), 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva), 𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯 (sarva), from Sanskrit सर्व (sárva), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sárwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wó-s, from *solh₂- (“whole”). Doublet of ہر. Cognate with Kamkata-viri suv, Persian هر (har).


سب

سَب (canonical)
sab (romanization)
सब (Hindi)


سب

ur-adj

سَب • (sab) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling सब)


تمہارا

head

تُمْہارا • (tumhārā) m

تُمْہارا (canonical)
tumhārā (romanization)

/t̪ʊm.ɦɑː.ɾɑː/

تمھارا تمھارا#Urdu

Alternative spelling of تمھارا (tumhārā)


ہمارا

ur-pron

ہَمارا • (hamārā) m (Hindi spelling हमारा)

ہَمارا (canonical)
hamārā (romanization)
हमारा (Hindi)

/ɦə.mɑː.ɾɑː/

Inherited from Old Hindi हमारा (hamārā), हंमारा (haṃmārā), from Apabhramsa अम्हार (amhāra) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-) by metathesis; see there for more

possessive pronoun
possessive pronoun#English

میرا میرا#Urdu

first-person plural possessive pronoun: ours; plural of میرا (merā)

(formal, majestic plural) first-person singular possessive pronoun: mine


ہمارا

ہَمارا (canonical)
hamārā (romanization)
हमारा (Hindi)
ہمارا (direct masculine singular)
ہمارے (direct masculine plural)
ہماری (direct feminine singular)
ہماری (direct feminine plural)
ہمارے (indirect masculine singular)
ہمارے (indirect masculine plural)
ہماری (feminine indirect singular)
ہماری (feminine indirect plural)

/ɦə.mɑː.ɾɑː/

سارے جہاں سے اچھا ہندوستاں ہَمارا
ہم بلبلیں ہیں اس کی، یہ گلستاں ہمارا
sāre jahā̃ se acchā hindostā̃ hamārā

Better than the whole world, is our Hindustan;
We are its nightingales, and it is our flower-garden.

ham bulbulẽ ha͠i is kī, ye gulistā̃ hamārā

میرا میرا#Urdu

first-person plural possessive determiner: our; plural of میرا (merā)

(formal, majestic plural) first-person singular possessive determiner: my


تیرا

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀏 (tae) + را (rā, genitive affix), the first element of which is from Sanskrit ते (te), variant dative of त्वम् (tvam).
Cognate with Classical Persian ترا (turā): تو (tū) + را (rā)

af

(informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) second-person singular possessive pronoun: yours, thine; Early Modern English thine.

(dialectal, literary, religion) second-person singular possessive pronoun, intimate or very polite: thine


تیرا

head

تیرا • (terā) m (plural تمہارا, Hindi spelling तेरा)

terā (romanization)
تمہارا (plural)
तेरा (Hindi)
تیرا (direct masculine singular)
تیرے (direct masculine plural)
تیری (direct feminine singular)
تیری (direct feminine plural)
تیرے (indirect masculine singular)
تیرے (indirect masculine plural)
تیری (feminine indirect singular)
تیری (feminine indirect plural)

(informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) second-person singular possessive determiner: your, thy; Early Modern English thy.

(dialectal, literary, religion) second-person singular possessive determiner, intimate or very polite: thy


یہ

ye (romanization)
ये (Hindi)
यह (Hindi)
یِہ (direct)
اِس (indirect)
اِس نے (ergative)
اِس کا (genitive)
اِسے (dative)
اِس کو (dative)
یہ (direct)
اِن (indirect)
اِنھوں نے (ergative)
اِن کا (genitive)
اِنھیں (dative)
اِن کو (dative)

Inherited from Old Hindi यहु (yahu), from Apabhramsa एहु m (ehu), एह f (eha), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀲𑁄 m (eso), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 f (esā), from Sanskrit एषः m (eṣaḥ), एषा f (eṣā).

proximal demonstrative determiner: this, these


کوئی

ur-pron

کوئی • (koī) m or f (Hindi spelling कोई)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit, from Sanskrit कश्चिद् (káścid). Likely also influenced by Sanskrit कोऽपि (kó’pi). Cognate to Awadhi कोई (koī), Braj कोऊ (koū), Punjabi ਕੋਈ (koī), Gujarati કોઈ (koī), Marathi कुणी (kuṇī), Bengali কেউ (keu), Bhojpuri केऊ (kēū), Assamese কেও (keü).


تمھیں

تمھیں • (tumhẽ) (Hindi spelling तुम्हें)

تمہیں تمہیں#Urdu


انھیں

اِنھیں (canonical)
inhẽ (romanization)
इन्हें (Hindi)
اُنھیں (canonical)
unhẽ (romanization)
उन्हें (Hindi)

اِنہیں انہیں#Urdu

اُنہیں انہیں#Urdu


تمھارا

تُمھارا • (tumhārā) m (Hindi spelling तुम्हारा)

تُمھارا (canonical)
tumhārā (romanization)
तुम्हारा (Hindi)
تمھارا (direct masculine singular)
تمھارے (direct masculine plural)
تمھاری (direct feminine singular)
تمھاری (direct feminine plural)
تمھارے (indirect masculine singular)
تمھارے (indirect masculine plural)
تمھاری (feminine indirect singular)
تمھاری (feminine indirect plural)

/t̪ʊ.mʱɑː.ɾɑː/

Probably from Apabhramsa तुम्हारा (tumhārā), formed from Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe) or 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (tumhehiṃ) + را (rā, genitive affix) by analogy with 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe) or 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (amhehiṃ) to अम्हारा (amhārā) or possibly inherited from Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸𑀡𑀁 (tumhāṇaṃ), genitive of 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe).

af

<i class="Brah mention" lang="pra">𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁</i> (tumhehiṃ)

(semiformal, familiar) second-person possessive pronoun, grammatically plural: yours; Early Modern English yours.


تمھارا

تُمھارا (canonical)
tumhārā (romanization)
तुम्हारा (Hindi)

/t̪ʊ.mʱɑː.ɾɑː/

second-person possessive determiner, grammatically plural: your; Early Modern English your.


تجھ

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुज्झु (tujjhu), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀁 (tujjhaṃ), from Sanskrit तुभ्यम् (tubhyam).

inh+

(informal, intimate, contemptuous, possibly vulgar) second-person singular objective personal pronoun: (oblique case) you, thee; Early Modern English thee.

(dialectal, literary, religion) second-person singular objective personal pronoun, intimate or very polite: thee


تجھ

head

تجھ • (tujh) sg (plural تم, Hindi spelling तुझ)

tujh (romanization)
تم (plural)
तुझ (Hindi)

(oblique case) you, thee, Early Modern English thee.


انہوں نے

ur-pron

اِنْہوں نے • (inhõ-ne) (Hindi spelling इन्होंने)

اُنْہوں نے • (unhõ-ne) (Hindi spelling उन्होंने)

اِنْہوں نے (canonical)
inhõ-ne (romanization)
इन्होंने (Hindi)
اُنْہوں نے (canonical)
unhõ-ne (romanization)
उन्होंने (Hindi)

اِنھوں نے
انھوں نے#Urdu

Alternative spelling of اِنھوں نے (inhõ-ne)

اُنھوں نے
انھوں نے#Urdu

Alternative spelling of اُنھوں نے (unhõ-ne)