See fons in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰeh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-"
],
[
"*gʷʰew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰew-"
],
[
"faveō",
"faveo#Latin"
],
[
"Foniō",
"Fonio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fVu(V)ni-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fVu(V)ni-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷʰow-ni-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰow-ni-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "faveō"
},
"expansion": "Latin faveō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰow(H)ni-",
"t": "favorable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰow(H)ni- (“favorable”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xve",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Venetic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Foniō"
},
"expansion": "Latin Foniō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Various theories have been proposed:\n* De Vaan suggests a derivation from Proto-Italic *fVu(V)ni-, itself perhaps ultimately from the root *bʰeh₂-.\n* Alternatively, the term has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰow-ni-, itself from the root *gʷʰew-. It is likely that the term is cognate with Latin faveō.\n* Prósper proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰow(H)ni- (“favorable”), whence also possibly the Venetic source of Latin Foniō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "nominative singular",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "fons m (nominative singular)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "lig"
},
"expansion": "(late Iguvine)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "xum",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"merciful"
],
"id": "en-fons-xum-adj-selowlNI",
"links": [
[
"merciful",
"merciful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per De Vaan) merciful"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "2 3 18 7 19 1 1 2 4 2 2 9 7 6 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Iguvine Umbrian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "0 1 15 8 16 1 1 1 2 0 0 18 17 4 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "24 51 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"favorable"
],
"id": "en-fons-xum-adj-jesKOKNT",
"links": [
[
"favorable",
"favorable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per Poultney) favorable"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"propitious"
],
"id": "en-fons-xum-adj-J2F3Kyu6",
"links": [
[
"propitious",
"propitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per Meiser) propitious"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph",
"de:Gerhard Meiser",
"de:Matthias Andreas Fritz"
],
"word": "fons"
}
{
"categories": [
"Late Iguvine Umbrian",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Umbrian adjectives",
"Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Umbrian lemmas",
"Umbrian terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰeh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂-"
],
[
"*gʷʰew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰew-"
],
[
"faveō",
"faveo#Latin"
],
[
"Foniō",
"Fonio#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fVu(V)ni-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "ncog"
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{
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"expansion": "Latin faveō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰow(H)ni-",
"t": "favorable"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xve",
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},
"expansion": "Venetic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Foniō"
},
"expansion": "Latin Foniō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Various theories have been proposed:\n* De Vaan suggests a derivation from Proto-Italic *fVu(V)ni-, itself perhaps ultimately from the root *bʰeh₂-.\n* Alternatively, the term has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰow-ni-, itself from the root *gʷʰew-. It is likely that the term is cognate with Latin faveō.\n* Prósper proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰow(H)ni- (“favorable”), whence also possibly the Venetic source of Latin Foniō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "nominative singular",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "fons m (nominative singular)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "lig"
},
"expansion": "(late Iguvine)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
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"lang_code": "xum",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"merciful"
],
"links": [
[
"merciful",
"merciful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per De Vaan) merciful"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"favorable"
],
"links": [
[
"favorable",
"favorable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per Poultney) favorable"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Umbrian terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"propitious"
],
"links": [
[
"propitious",
"propitious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(per Meiser) propitious"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph",
"de:Gerhard Meiser",
"de:Matthias Andreas Fritz"
],
"word": "fons"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fons meaning in Umbrian (3.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per De Vaan",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per De Vaan",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per Poultney",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per Poultney",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per Meiser",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: per Meiser",
"path": [
"fons"
],
"section": "Umbrian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "fons",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Umbrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.