See ширити in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "šýrytysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "ши́ритися" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "pošýryty", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "поши́рити" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "pošýrjuvaty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "поши́рювати" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "pošýrytysja", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "поши́ритися" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "pošýrjuvatysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "поши́рюватися" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "rozšýryty", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "розши́рити" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "rozšýrjuvaty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "розши́рювати" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "rozšýrytysja", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "розши́ритися" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "rozšýrjuvatysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "розши́рюватися" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "šýrennja", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "ши́рення" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*širiti", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *širiti", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*širiti" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *širiti", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "шир", "3": "-ити", "t1": "width, breadth" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, шир (šyr, “width, breadth”) + -ити (-yty)", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *širiti. By surface analysis, шир (šyr, “width, breadth”) + -ити (-yty).", "forms": [ { "form": "ши́рити", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "šýryty", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "поши́рити", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "розши́рити", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "imperfective transitive", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "uk-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "4a", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ши́рити", "roman": "šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "ши́рить", "roman": "šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "imperfective", "present" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "imperfective", "past" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́рений", "roman": "šýrenyj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "impersonal: ши́рено", "roman": "šýreno", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "ши́рячи", "roman": "šýrjačy", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "adverbial", "imperfective", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́ривши", "roman": "šýryvšy", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "adverbial", "imperfective", "past" ] }, { "form": "ши́рю", "roman": "šýrju", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́ду ши́рити", "roman": "búdu šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́ду ши́рить", "roman": "búdu šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритиму", "roman": "šýrytymu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́риш", "roman": "šýryš", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́деш ши́рити", "roman": "búdeš šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́деш ши́рить", "roman": "búdeš šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимеш", "roman": "šýrytymeš", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рить", "roman": "šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́де ши́рити", "roman": "búde šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́де ши́рить", "roman": "búde šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритиме", "roman": "šýrytyme", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рим", "roman": "šýrym", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́римо", "roman": "šýrymo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "бу́демо ши́рити", "roman": "búdemo šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "бу́демо ши́рить", "roman": "búdemo šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимемо", "roman": "šýrytymemo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимем", "roman": "šýrytymem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рите", "roman": "šýryte", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дете ши́рити", "roman": "búdete šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дете ши́рить", "roman": "búdete šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимете", "roman": "šýrytymete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рять", "roman": "šýrjatʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дуть ши́рити", "roman": "búdutʹ šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дуть ши́рить", "roman": "búdutʹ šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимуть", "roman": "šýrytymutʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рмо", "roman": "šýrmo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "шир", "roman": "šyr", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рте", "roman": "šýrte", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рив", "roman": "šýryv", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рила", "roman": "šýryla", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рило", "roman": "šýrylo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "neuter", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "neuter", "past", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ши́рити", "2": "impf", "pf1": "поши́рити", "pf2": "розши́рити" }, "expansion": "ши́рити • (šýryty) impf (perfective поши́рити or розши́рити)", "name": "uk-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ши́рити<4a.impf.tr.ppp>" }, "name": "uk-conj" } ], "lang": "Ukrainian", "lang_code": "uk", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "šýr", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ши́р" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "šyríty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "ширі́ти" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "šyrókyj", "word": "широ́кий" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "47 31 21", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "41 27 31", "kind": "other", "name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ити", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to widen, to broaden" ], "id": "en-ширити-uk-verb-87hnuZbk", "links": [ [ "widen", "widen" ], [ "broaden", "broaden" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to expand, to spread, to extend" ], "id": "en-ширити-uk-verb-QPWBvZ0-", "links": [ [ "expand", "expand" ], [ "spread", "spread" ], [ "extend", "extend" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 19 11 14 9 16 15 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to produce, to emit (smell, fragrance, stench)" ], "id": "en-ширити-uk-verb-dtab3GEe", "links": [ [ "produce", "produce" ], [ "emit", "emit" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈʃɪrete]" }, { "audio": "Uk-ширити.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg" } ], "word": "ширити" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Ukrainian class 4 verbs", "Ukrainian class 4a verbs", "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header", "Ukrainian imperfective verbs", "Ukrainian lemmas", "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic", "Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic", "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ити", "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Ukrainian transitive verbs", "Ukrainian verbs" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "šýrytysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "ши́ритися" }, { "roman": "pošýryty", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "поши́рити" }, { "roman": "pošýrjuvaty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "поши́рювати" }, { "roman": "pošýrytysja", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "поши́ритися" }, { "roman": "pošýrjuvatysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "поши́рюватися" }, { "roman": "rozšýryty", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "розши́рити" }, { "roman": "rozšýrjuvaty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "розши́рювати" }, { "roman": "rozšýrytysja", "tags": [ "perfective" ], "word": "розши́ритися" }, { "roman": "rozšýrjuvatysja", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "розши́рюватися" }, { "roman": "šýrennja", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "ши́рення" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*širiti", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *širiti", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "sla-pro", "3": "*širiti" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *širiti", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "шир", "3": "-ити", "t1": "width, breadth" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, шир (šyr, “width, breadth”) + -ити (-yty)", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *širiti. By surface analysis, шир (šyr, “width, breadth”) + -ити (-yty).", "forms": [ { "form": "ши́рити", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "šýryty", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "поши́рити", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "розши́рити", "tags": [ "perfective" ] }, { "form": "imperfective transitive", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "uk-conj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "4a", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ши́рити", "roman": "šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "ши́рить", "roman": "šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "imperfective", "present" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "active", "imperfective", "past" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́рений", "roman": "šýrenyj", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "impersonal: ши́рено", "roman": "šýreno", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "passive", "past" ] }, { "form": "ши́рячи", "roman": "šýrjačy", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "adverbial", "imperfective", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́ривши", "roman": "šýryvšy", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "adverbial", "imperfective", "past" ] }, { "form": "ши́рю", "roman": "šýrju", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́ду ши́рити", "roman": "búdu šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́ду ши́рить", "roman": "búdu šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритиму", "roman": "šýrytymu", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́риш", "roman": "šýryš", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́деш ши́рити", "roman": "búdeš šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "бу́деш ши́рить", "roman": "búdeš šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимеш", "roman": "šýrytymeš", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рить", "roman": "šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́де ши́рити", "roman": "búde šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́де ши́рить", "roman": "búde šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритиме", "roman": "šýrytyme", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рим", "roman": "šýrym", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "ши́римо", "roman": "šýrymo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfective", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "бу́демо ши́рити", "roman": "búdemo šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "бу́демо ши́рить", "roman": "búdemo šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимемо", "roman": "šýrytymemo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимем", "roman": "šýrytymem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "imperfective", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рите", "roman": "šýryte", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дете ши́рити", "roman": "búdete šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дете ши́рить", "roman": "búdete šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимете", "roman": "šýrytymete", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рять", "roman": "šýrjatʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfective", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дуть ши́рити", "roman": "búdutʹ šýryty", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "бу́дуть ши́рить", "roman": "búdutʹ šýrytʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́ритимуть", "roman": "šýrytymutʹ", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "imperfective", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рмо", "roman": "šýrmo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "шир", "roman": "šyr", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рте", "roman": "šýrte", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "ши́рив", "roman": "šýryv", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "masculine", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рила", "roman": "šýryla", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "feminine", "past", "plural" ] }, { "form": "ши́рило", "roman": "šýrylo", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "neuter", "past", "singular" ] }, { "form": "ши́рили", "roman": "šýryly", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "neuter", "past", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ши́рити", "2": "impf", "pf1": "поши́рити", "pf2": "розши́рити" }, "expansion": "ши́рити • (šýryty) impf (perfective поши́рити or розши́рити)", "name": "uk-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ши́рити<4a.impf.tr.ppp>" }, "name": "uk-conj" } ], "lang": "Ukrainian", "lang_code": "uk", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "roman": "šýr", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ши́р" }, { "roman": "šyríty", "tags": [ "imperfective" ], "word": "ширі́ти" }, { "roman": "šyrókyj", "word": "широ́кий" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to widen, to broaden" ], "links": [ [ "widen", "widen" ], [ "broaden", "broaden" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "glosses": [ "to expand, to spread, to extend" ], "links": [ [ "expand", "expand" ], [ "spread", "spread" ], [ "extend", "extend" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "glosses": [ "to produce, to emit (smell, fragrance, stench)" ], "links": [ [ "produce", "produce" ], [ "emit", "emit" ] ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈʃɪrete]" }, { "audio": "Uk-ширити.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Uk-%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8.ogg" } ], "word": "ширити" }
Download raw JSONL data for ширити meaning in Ukrainian (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ukrainian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.