"скотар" meaning in Ukrainian

See скотар in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [skɔˈtar] Audio: Uk-скотар.ogg
Etymology: From скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár). Compare Polish skotarz (“cowherd”). Etymology templates: {{af|uk|скот|-а́р}} скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár), {{cog|pl|skotarz||cowherd}} Polish skotarz (“cowherd”) Head templates: {{uk-noun|скота́р<b.pr.soft>|adj=скота́рський|f=скота́рка}} скота́р • (skotár) m pers (genitive скотаря́, nominative plural скотарі́, genitive plural скотарі́в, feminine скота́рка, relational adjective скота́рський) Inflection templates: {{uk-ndecl|скота́р<b.pr.soft>}} Forms: скота́р [canonical], skotár [romanization], скотаря́ [genitive], скотарі́ [nominative, plural], скотарі́в [genitive, plural], скота́рка [feminine], скота́рський [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], скота́р [nominative, singular], скотарі́ [nominative, plural], скотаря́ [genitive, singular], скотарі́в [genitive, plural], скотаре́ві [dative, singular], скотарю́ [dative, singular], скотаря́м [dative, plural], скотаря́ [accusative, singular], скотарі́в [accusative, plural], скотаре́м [instrumental, singular], скотаря́ми [instrumental, plural], скотаре́ві [locative, singular], скотарю́ [locative, singular], скотарі́ [locative, singular], скотаря́х [locative, plural], скота́рю [singular, vocative], скотарі́ [plural, vocative]
  1. cattle breeder, cattleman, livestock breeder, livestock handler, pastoralist, stockbreeder, stockman Categories (topical): Male people, Occupations Categories (lifeform): Livestock Derived forms: скота́рити (skotáryty) [imperfective], скота́рник (skotárnyk) [masculine], скота́рня (skotárnja) [feminine], скота́рство (skotárstvo) [neuter], скотарюва́ти (skotarjuváty) [imperfective]
    Sense id: en-скотар-uk-noun-OEE6JZas Disambiguation of Male people: 89 11 Disambiguation of Occupations: 92 8 Disambiguation of Livestock: 84 16 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header, Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b, Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ар Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 71 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 81 19 Disambiguation of Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header: 77 23
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: [skɔˈtar] Audio: Uk-скотар.ogg Forms: скота́р [canonical], skotár [romanization]
Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma|uk}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|uk|verb form|head=скота́р}} скота́р • (skotár)
  1. second-person singular imperative of скота́рити impf (skotáryty) Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: скота́рити impf (extra: skotáryty)
    Sense id: en-скотар-uk-verb-Zo-5yGkg Categories (other): Inflections with a red link for lemma
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "скот",
        "3": "-а́р"
      },
      "expansion": "скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "skotarz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cowherd"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish skotarz (“cowherd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár). Compare Polish skotarz (“cowherd”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skotár",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рка",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рський",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "roman": "skotár",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "roman": "skotarjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "roman": "skotarív",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́ві",
      "roman": "skotarévi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарю́",
      "roman": "skotarjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́м",
      "roman": "skotarjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "roman": "skotarjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "roman": "skotarív",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́м",
      "roman": "skotarém",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́ми",
      "roman": "skotarjámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́ві",
      "roman": "skotarévi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарю́",
      "roman": "skotarjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́х",
      "roman": "skotarjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рю",
      "roman": "skotárju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "скота́р<b.pr.soft>",
        "adj": "скота́рський",
        "f": "скота́рка"
      },
      "expansion": "скота́р • (skotár) m pers (genitive скотаря́, nominative plural скотарі́, genitive plural скотарі́в, feminine скота́рка, relational adjective скота́рський)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "скота́р<b.pr.soft>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "81 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ар",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Livestock",
          "orig": "uk:Livestock",
          "parents": [
            "Agriculture",
            "Animals",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Male people",
          "orig": "uk:Male people",
          "parents": [
            "Male",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "uk:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "skotáryty",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "скота́рити"
        },
        {
          "roman": "skotárnyk",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "скота́рник"
        },
        {
          "roman": "skotárnja",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "скота́рня"
        },
        {
          "roman": "skotárstvo",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "скота́рство"
        },
        {
          "roman": "skotarjuváty",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "скотарюва́ти"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cattle breeder, cattleman, livestock breeder, livestock handler, pastoralist, stockbreeder, stockman"
      ],
      "id": "en-скотар-uk-noun-OEE6JZas",
      "links": [
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "breeder",
          "breeder"
        ],
        [
          "cattleman",
          "cattleman"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "handler",
          "handler"
        ],
        [
          "pastoralist",
          "pastoralist"
        ],
        [
          "stockbreeder",
          "stockbreeder"
        ],
        [
          "stockman",
          "stockman"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skɔˈtar]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-скотар.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "скотар"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skotár",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "скота́р"
      },
      "expansion": "скота́р • (skotár)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Inflections with a red link for lemma",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "skotáryty",
          "word": "скота́рити impf"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular imperative of скота́рити impf (skotáryty)"
      ],
      "id": "en-скотар-uk-verb-Zo-5yGkg",
      "links": [
        [
          "скота́рити",
          "скотарити#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skɔˈtar]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-скотар.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "скотар"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ukrainian lemmas",
    "Ukrainian masculine nouns",
    "Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
    "Ukrainian nouns",
    "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
    "Ukrainian personal nouns",
    "Ukrainian soft masculine-form accent-b nouns",
    "Ukrainian soft masculine-form nouns",
    "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ар",
    "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ukrainian verb forms",
    "uk:Livestock",
    "uk:Male people",
    "uk:Occupations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "skotáryty",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "скота́рити"
    },
    {
      "roman": "skotárnyk",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "скота́рник"
    },
    {
      "roman": "skotárnja",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "скота́рня"
    },
    {
      "roman": "skotárstvo",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "скота́рство"
    },
    {
      "roman": "skotarjuváty",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "скотарюва́ти"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "скот",
        "3": "-а́р"
      },
      "expansion": "скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "skotarz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cowherd"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish skotarz (“cowherd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From скот (skot) + -а́р (-ár). Compare Polish skotarz (“cowherd”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skotár",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рка",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рський",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-b",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "roman": "skotár",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "roman": "skotarjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "roman": "skotarív",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́ві",
      "roman": "skotarévi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарю́",
      "roman": "skotarjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́м",
      "roman": "skotarjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́",
      "roman": "skotarjá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́в",
      "roman": "skotarív",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́м",
      "roman": "skotarém",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́ми",
      "roman": "skotarjámy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаре́ві",
      "roman": "skotarévi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарю́",
      "roman": "skotarjú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотаря́х",
      "roman": "skotarjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скота́рю",
      "roman": "skotárju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "скотарі́",
      "roman": "skotarí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "скота́р<b.pr.soft>",
        "adj": "скота́рський",
        "f": "скота́рка"
      },
      "expansion": "скота́р • (skotár) m pers (genitive скотаря́, nominative plural скотарі́, genitive plural скотарі́в, feminine скота́рка, relational adjective скота́рський)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "скота́р<b.pr.soft>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cattle breeder, cattleman, livestock breeder, livestock handler, pastoralist, stockbreeder, stockman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cattle",
          "cattle"
        ],
        [
          "breeder",
          "breeder"
        ],
        [
          "cattleman",
          "cattleman"
        ],
        [
          "livestock",
          "livestock"
        ],
        [
          "handler",
          "handler"
        ],
        [
          "pastoralist",
          "pastoralist"
        ],
        [
          "stockbreeder",
          "stockbreeder"
        ],
        [
          "stockman",
          "stockman"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skɔˈtar]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-скотар.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "скотар"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
    "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ukrainian verb forms",
    "uk:Livestock",
    "uk:Male people",
    "uk:Occupations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk"
      },
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "скота́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skotár",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "скота́р"
      },
      "expansion": "скота́р • (skotár)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Inflections with a red link for lemma"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "skotáryty",
          "word": "скота́рити impf"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular imperative of скота́рити impf (skotáryty)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "скота́рити",
          "скотарити#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skɔˈtar]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-скотар.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Uk-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "скотар"
}

Download raw JSONL data for скотар meaning in Ukrainian (6.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ukrainian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.