"ковбаса" meaning in Ukrainian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "kolbassa",
            "3": "kovbasa",
            "4": "kubasa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: kolbassa, kovbasa, kubasa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: kolbassa, kovbasa, kubasa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кълбаса"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic кълбаса (kŭlbasa)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъlbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*kül",
        "t": "ash"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kül (“ash”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "basmak"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish basmak",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*колб-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic *колб- (*kolb-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ко́лоб",
        "t": "small round bun"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ко́лоб (kólob, “small round bun”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "колобо́к",
        "t": "small round bun"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian колобо́к (kolobók, “small round bun”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ко́вбиця",
        "t": "log"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ко́вбиця (kóvbycja, “log”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kol-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kol-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "кълцам",
        "t": "to chop, mince"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian кълцам (kǎlcam, “to chop, mince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "коло́ти",
        "t": "to prick"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian коло́ти (kolóty, “to prick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "кльчьтати",
        "t": "to snap one's teeth"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic кльчьтати (klĭčĭtati, “to snap one's teeth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъl̥bjь",
        "t": "gudgeon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъl̥bjь (“gudgeon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "колба́"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian колба́ (kolbá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ко́блик"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ко́блик (kóblyk)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "כל",
        "3": "כל־",
        "t": "all",
        "tr": "kol-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew כל־ (kol-, “all”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "calebasse",
        "t": "calabash"
      },
      "expansion": "French calebasse (“calabash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "колбаса́"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian колбаса́ (kolbasá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "каўбаса́"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian каўбаса́ (kaŭbasá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "колбаса"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic колбаса (kolbasa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kiełbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kiełbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "kiełbas"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian kiełbas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "klobása"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech klobása",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "kolbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak kolbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hsb",
        "2": "kołbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Upper Sorbian kołbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "kjałbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Lower Sorbian kjałbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "колба́са"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian колба́са (kolbása)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "колба́са"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian колба́са (kolbása)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "kobàsica"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kobàsica",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "klobása"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene klobása",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle and Old Ukrainian колбаса́ (kolbasá), Old East Slavic кълбаса (kŭlbasa). Slavic cognates point to several reconstructed forms (Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa, *klobasa, *kobasa), indicating that this is a very early borrowing, with no clear antecedent. It is considered most likely to originate from Turkic for \"grilled cutlet,\" literally \"pressed on ashes,\" from Proto-Turkic *kül (“ash”) + *bas (“to press”) (modern Turkish basmak).\nOther possible connections include Old East Slavic *колб- (*kolb-) or *ковб- (*kovb-), cognate of Russian ко́лоб (kólob, “small round bun”), Russian and Ukrainian колобо́к (kolobók, “small round bun”), Ukrainian ко́вбиця (kóvbycja, “log”), ковба́н (kovbán, “log”), ко́вбик (kóvbyk, “stomach”), ковба́тка (kovbátka, “morsel of meat”), or onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *kol-, *kel-, cognate of Bulgarian кълцам (kǎlcam, “to chop, mince”), Ukrainian коло́ти (kolóty, “to prick”), лу́скати (lúskaty, “to shell (nuts)”), дзьо́бати (dzʹóbaty, “to peck”), Old Church Slavonic кльчьтати (klĭčĭtati, “to snap one's teeth”).\nThere is also the unlikely suggestion of a connection to Proto-Slavic *kъl̥bjь (“gudgeon”); compare Russian колба́ (kolbá), колбь (kolbʹ), Ukrainian ко́блик (kóblyk), ко́вблик (kóvblyk).\nSpeculations of an origin in Hebrew כל־ (kol-, “all”) בּשׂר (basár, “meat, food”) or French calebasse (“calabash”) are considered tenuous in the light of semasiology, chronology, and geography.\nCompare Russian колбаса́ (kolbasá), Belarusian каўбаса́ (kaŭbasá), кілбаса́ (kilbasá) and dialectal келбаса́ (kjelbasá), the last two from Polish, Old East Slavic колбаса (kolbasa), Polish kiełbasa and archaic kiełbodziej (“sausage stuffer”), Kashubian kiełbas, Czech klobása, rarely klobás, and archaically koblása, Slovak kolbasa, klobása, kubása, and dialectal klbása, Upper Sorbian kołbasa and dialectal kołbasa, archaic Lower Sorbian kjałbasa, rarely kjałbas, Bulgarian колба́са (kolbása), колба́с (kolbás), and dialectal калба́са (kalbása), кълбаса (kǎlbasa), and коба́са (kobása), Macedonian колба́са (kolbása), Serbo-Croatian kobàsica and dialectal klobása, and klobásica, Slovene klobása.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ковбаса́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kovbasá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаси́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́с",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сний",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаса́",
      "roman": "kovbasá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаси́",
      "roman": "kovbasý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́с",
      "roman": "kovbás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасі́",
      "roman": "kovbasí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сам",
      "roman": "kovbásam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасу́",
      "roman": "kovbasú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасо́ю",
      "roman": "kovbasóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сами",
      "roman": "kovbásamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасі́",
      "roman": "kovbasí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сах",
      "roman": "kovbásax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́со",
      "roman": "kovbáso",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ковбаса́<>",
        "adj": "ковба́сний"
      },
      "expansion": "ковбаса́ • (kovbasá) f inan (genitive ковбаси́, nominative plural ковба́си, genitive plural ковба́с, relational adjective ковба́сний)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ковбаса́<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern d",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Sausages",
          "orig": "uk:Sausages",
          "parents": [
            "Meats",
            "Foods",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kovbásna",
          "word": "ковба́сна"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbásnyj",
          "word": "ковба́сний"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kovbasá",
          "word": "Ковбаса́"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasnýk",
          "word": "ковбасни́к"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasnýcja",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковбасни́ця"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasnjá",
          "word": "ковбасня́"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasóvyj",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковбасо́вий"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kovbasjúk",
          "word": "Ковбасю́к"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasjányk",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковбася́ник"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasjánka",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковбася́нка"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sausage"
      ],
      "id": "en-ковбаса-uk-noun-MMquL8t8",
      "links": [
        [
          "sausage",
          "sausage"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "kóvba",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ко́вба"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kóvbalʹ",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ко́вбаль"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbán",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковба́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kóvbyk",
          "word": "ко́вбик"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbánja",
          "word": "ковба́ня"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbásyty",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковба́сити"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbátka",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ковба́тка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbáška",
          "word": "ковба́шка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbýcja",
          "word": "ковби́ця"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "kovbáska",
          "tags": [
            "diminutive"
          ],
          "word": "ковба́ска"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbásočka",
          "tags": [
            "diminutive"
          ],
          "word": "ковба́сочка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasýsʹko",
          "tags": [
            "augmentative"
          ],
          "word": "ковбаси́сько"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kovbasýšče",
          "tags": [
            "augmentative"
          ],
          "word": "ковбаси́ще"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kivbasá",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "ківбаса́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɔu̯bɐˈsa]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-ковбаса.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ковбаса"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kovbásna",
      "word": "ковба́сна"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbásnyj",
      "word": "ковба́сний"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kovbasá",
      "word": "Ковбаса́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasnýk",
      "word": "ковбасни́к"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasnýcja",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковбасни́ця"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasnjá",
      "word": "ковбасня́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasóvyj",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковбасо́вий"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kovbasjúk",
      "word": "Ковбасю́к"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasjányk",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковбася́ник"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasjánka",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковбася́нка"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "kolbassa",
            "3": "kovbasa",
            "4": "kubasa",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: kolbassa, kovbasa, kubasa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: kolbassa, kovbasa, kubasa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кълбаса"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic кълбаса (kŭlbasa)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъlbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*kül",
        "t": "ash"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kül (“ash”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "basmak"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish basmak",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*колб-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic *колб- (*kolb-)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ко́лоб",
        "t": "small round bun"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ко́лоб (kólob, “small round bun”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "колобо́к",
        "t": "small round bun"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian колобо́к (kolobók, “small round bun”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ко́вбиця",
        "t": "log"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ко́вбиця (kóvbycja, “log”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "title": "onomatopoeic"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kol-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kol-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "кълцам",
        "t": "to chop, mince"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian кълцам (kǎlcam, “to chop, mince”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "коло́ти",
        "t": "to prick"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian коло́ти (kolóty, “to prick”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "кльчьтати",
        "t": "to snap one's teeth"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic кльчьтати (klĭčĭtati, “to snap one's teeth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъl̥bjь",
        "t": "gudgeon"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъl̥bjь (“gudgeon”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "колба́"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian колба́ (kolbá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ко́блик"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ко́блик (kóblyk)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "כל",
        "3": "כל־",
        "t": "all",
        "tr": "kol-"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew כל־ (kol-, “all”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "calebasse",
        "t": "calabash"
      },
      "expansion": "French calebasse (“calabash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": ",",
      "name": ","
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "колбаса́"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian колбаса́ (kolbasá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "каўбаса́"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian каўбаса́ (kaŭbasá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "колбаса"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic колбаса (kolbasa)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kiełbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kiełbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "kiełbas"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian kiełbas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "klobása"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech klobása",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "kolbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak kolbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hsb",
        "2": "kołbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Upper Sorbian kołbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dsb",
        "2": "kjałbasa"
      },
      "expansion": "Lower Sorbian kjałbasa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "колба́са"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian колба́са (kolbása)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "колба́са"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian колба́са (kolbása)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "kobàsica"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kobàsica",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "klobása"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene klobása",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle and Old Ukrainian колбаса́ (kolbasá), Old East Slavic кълбаса (kŭlbasa). Slavic cognates point to several reconstructed forms (Proto-Slavic *kъlbasa, *klobasa, *kobasa), indicating that this is a very early borrowing, with no clear antecedent. It is considered most likely to originate from Turkic for \"grilled cutlet,\" literally \"pressed on ashes,\" from Proto-Turkic *kül (“ash”) + *bas (“to press”) (modern Turkish basmak).\nOther possible connections include Old East Slavic *колб- (*kolb-) or *ковб- (*kovb-), cognate of Russian ко́лоб (kólob, “small round bun”), Russian and Ukrainian колобо́к (kolobók, “small round bun”), Ukrainian ко́вбиця (kóvbycja, “log”), ковба́н (kovbán, “log”), ко́вбик (kóvbyk, “stomach”), ковба́тка (kovbátka, “morsel of meat”), or onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *kol-, *kel-, cognate of Bulgarian кълцам (kǎlcam, “to chop, mince”), Ukrainian коло́ти (kolóty, “to prick”), лу́скати (lúskaty, “to shell (nuts)”), дзьо́бати (dzʹóbaty, “to peck”), Old Church Slavonic кльчьтати (klĭčĭtati, “to snap one's teeth”).\nThere is also the unlikely suggestion of a connection to Proto-Slavic *kъl̥bjь (“gudgeon”); compare Russian колба́ (kolbá), колбь (kolbʹ), Ukrainian ко́блик (kóblyk), ко́вблик (kóvblyk).\nSpeculations of an origin in Hebrew כל־ (kol-, “all”) בּשׂר (basár, “meat, food”) or French calebasse (“calabash”) are considered tenuous in the light of semasiology, chronology, and geography.\nCompare Russian колбаса́ (kolbasá), Belarusian каўбаса́ (kaŭbasá), кілбаса́ (kilbasá) and dialectal келбаса́ (kjelbasá), the last two from Polish, Old East Slavic колбаса (kolbasa), Polish kiełbasa and archaic kiełbodziej (“sausage stuffer”), Kashubian kiełbas, Czech klobása, rarely klobás, and archaically koblása, Slovak kolbasa, klobása, kubása, and dialectal klbása, Upper Sorbian kołbasa and dialectal kołbasa, archaic Lower Sorbian kjałbasa, rarely kjałbas, Bulgarian колба́са (kolbása), колба́с (kolbás), and dialectal калба́са (kalbása), кълбаса (kǎlbasa), and коба́са (kobása), Macedonian колба́са (kolbása), Serbo-Croatian kobàsica and dialectal klobása, and klobásica, Slovene klobása.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ковбаса́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kovbasá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаси́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́с",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сний",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаса́",
      "roman": "kovbasá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбаси́",
      "roman": "kovbasý",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́с",
      "roman": "kovbás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасі́",
      "roman": "kovbasí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сам",
      "roman": "kovbásam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасу́",
      "roman": "kovbasú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасо́ю",
      "roman": "kovbasóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сами",
      "roman": "kovbásamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковбасі́",
      "roman": "kovbasí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́сах",
      "roman": "kovbásax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́со",
      "roman": "kovbáso",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ковба́си",
      "roman": "kovbásy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ковбаса́<>",
        "adj": "ковба́сний"
      },
      "expansion": "ковбаса́ • (kovbasá) f inan (genitive ковбаси́, nominative plural ковба́си, genitive plural ковба́с, relational adjective ковба́сний)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ковбаса́<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "kóvba",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ко́вба"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kóvbalʹ",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ко́вбаль"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbán",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковба́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kóvbyk",
      "word": "ко́вбик"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbánja",
      "word": "ковба́ня"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbásyty",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковба́сити"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbátka",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ковба́тка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbáška",
      "word": "ковба́шка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbýcja",
      "word": "ковби́ця"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ukrainian feminine nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form accent-d nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form nouns",
        "Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
        "Ukrainian lemmas",
        "Ukrainian nouns",
        "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern d",
        "Ukrainian onomatopoeias",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Turkic languages",
        "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ukrainian terms with audio links",
        "uk:Sausages"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sausage"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sausage",
          "sausage"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kɔu̯bɐˈsa]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-ковбаса.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Uk-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kovbáska",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "ковба́ска"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbásočka",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "ковба́сочка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasýsʹko",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ],
      "word": "ковбаси́сько"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kovbasýšče",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ],
      "word": "ковбаси́ще"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kivbasá",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "ківбаса́"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ковбаса"
}