"батарея" meaning in Ukrainian

See батарея in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [bɐtɐˈrɛjɐ] Audio: Uk-батарея.ogg
Rhymes: -ɛjɐ Etymology: From French batterie, possibly via German Batterie. Etymology templates: {{der|uk|fr|batterie}} French batterie, {{der|uk|de|Batterie}} German Batterie Head templates: {{uk-noun|батаре́я<>|adj=батаре́йний}} батаре́я • (bataréja) f inan (genitive батаре́ї, nominative plural батаре́ї, genitive plural батаре́й, relational adjective батаре́йний) Inflection templates: {{uk-ndecl|батаре́я<>}} Forms: батаре́я [canonical], bataréja [romanization], батаре́ї [genitive], батаре́ї [nominative, plural], батаре́й [genitive, plural], батаре́йний [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], батаре́я [nominative, singular], батаре́ї [nominative, plural], батаре́ї [genitive, singular], батаре́й [genitive, plural], батаре́ї [dative, singular], батаре́ям [dative, plural], батаре́ю [accusative, singular], батаре́ї [accusative, plural], батаре́єю [instrumental, singular], батаре́ями [instrumental, plural], батаре́ї [locative, singular], батаре́ях [locative, plural], батаре́є [singular, vocative], батаре́ї [plural, vocative]
  1. (military) battery (coordinated group of artillery weapons) Categories (topical): Military units, Artillery
    Sense id: en-батарея-uk-noun-VyrgTH-J Disambiguation of Artillery: 50 25 8 2 15 Categories (other): Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a: 20 26 16 15 23 Topics: government, military, politics, war
  2. (electricity) battery (electric power source consisting of electrochemical cells) Categories (topical): Electricity
    Sense id: en-батарея-uk-noun-Z0L9hdb9 Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header, Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 20 2 20 2 2 2 6 7 20 2 2 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 1 21 1 1 1 5 7 21 1 1 19 Disambiguation of Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header: 14 42 9 2 33 Disambiguation of Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a: 20 26 16 15 23 Topics: business, electrical-engineering, electricity, electromagnetism, energy, engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics
  3. radiator (metal fixture for heating a room) Synonyms: радіа́тор
    Sense id: en-батарея-uk-noun-bDwEDUU- Categories (other): Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a: 20 26 16 15 23
  4. (figuratively, sometimes humorous) battery (an array of similar things) Tags: figuratively, humorous, sometimes
    Sense id: en-батарея-uk-noun-n0FNUnhl Categories (other): Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a: 20 26 16 15 23
  5. (chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal) Categories (topical): Chess
    Sense id: en-батарея-uk-noun-FbVeS9Fq Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 20 2 20 2 2 2 6 7 20 2 2 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 1 21 1 1 1 5 7 21 1 1 19 Disambiguation of Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a: 20 26 16 15 23 Topics: board-games, chess, games
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: батері́я (bateríja) (english: 1928-1933 spelling) Derived forms: батаре́єць (bataréjecʹ) [masculine], батаре́йка (bataréjka) [feminine] Related terms: акумуля́тор (akumuljátor) [masculine]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bataréjecʹ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "батаре́єць"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "bataréjka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "батаре́йка"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "batterie"
      },
      "expansion": "French batterie",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Batterie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Batterie",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French batterie, possibly via German Batterie.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "батаре́я",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bataréja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́йний",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "j-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́я",
      "roman": "bataréja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́й",
      "roman": "bataréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ям",
      "roman": "bataréjam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ю",
      "roman": "bataréju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́єю",
      "roman": "bataréjeju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ями",
      "roman": "bataréjamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ях",
      "roman": "bataréjax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́є",
      "roman": "bataréje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "батаре́я<>",
        "adj": "батаре́йний"
      },
      "expansion": "батаре́я • (bataréja) f inan (genitive батаре́ї, nominative plural батаре́ї, genitive plural батаре́й, relational adjective батаре́йний)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ба‧та‧рея"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "батаре́я<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "akumuljátor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "акумуля́тор"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Military units",
          "orig": "uk:Military units",
          "parents": [
            "Military",
            "Occupations",
            "Society",
            "People",
            "Work",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human behaviour"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 16 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 25 8 2 15",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Artillery",
          "orig": "uk:Artillery",
          "parents": [
            "Weapons",
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (coordinated group of artillery weapons)"
      ],
      "id": "en-батарея-uk-noun-VyrgTH-J",
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) battery (coordinated group of artillery weapons)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Electricity",
          "orig": "uk:Electricity",
          "parents": [
            "Electromagnetism",
            "Physics",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 2 20 2 2 2 6 7 20 2 2 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 21 1 1 1 5 7 21 1 1 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 42 9 2 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 16 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (electric power source consisting of electrochemical cells)"
      ],
      "id": "en-батарея-uk-noun-Z0L9hdb9",
      "links": [
        [
          "electricity",
          "electricity"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(electricity) battery (electric power source consisting of electrochemical cells)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "electrical-engineering",
        "electricity",
        "electromagnetism",
        "energy",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 16 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "radiator (metal fixture for heating a room)"
      ],
      "id": "en-батарея-uk-noun-bDwEDUU-",
      "links": [
        [
          "radiator",
          "radiator"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "радіа́тор"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 16 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (an array of similar things)"
      ],
      "id": "en-батарея-uk-noun-n0FNUnhl",
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, sometimes humorous) battery (an array of similar things)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous",
        "sometimes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "uk:Chess",
          "parents": [
            "Board games",
            "Tabletop games",
            "Games",
            "Recreation",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 2 20 2 2 2 6 7 20 2 2 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 1 21 1 1 1 5 7 21 1 1 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 26 16 15 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)"
      ],
      "id": "en-батарея-uk-noun-FbVeS9Fq",
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bɐtɐˈrɛjɐ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-батарея.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛjɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "1928-1933 spelling",
      "roman": "bateríja",
      "word": "батері́я"
    }
  ],
  "word": "батарея"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Ukrainian/ɛjɐ",
    "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ukrainian feminine nouns",
    "Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
    "Ukrainian j-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Ukrainian j-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "Ukrainian lemmas",
    "Ukrainian nouns",
    "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Ukrainian terms derived from French",
    "Ukrainian terms derived from German",
    "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "uk:Artillery"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bataréjecʹ",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "батаре́єць"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bataréjka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "батаре́йка"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "batterie"
      },
      "expansion": "French batterie",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "de",
        "3": "Batterie"
      },
      "expansion": "German Batterie",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French batterie, possibly via German Batterie.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "батаре́я",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bataréja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́йний",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "j-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́я",
      "roman": "bataréja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́й",
      "roman": "bataréj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ям",
      "roman": "bataréjam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ю",
      "roman": "bataréju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́єю",
      "roman": "bataréjeju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ями",
      "roman": "bataréjamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ях",
      "roman": "bataréjax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́є",
      "roman": "bataréje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "батаре́ї",
      "roman": "bataréji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "батаре́я<>",
        "adj": "батаре́йний"
      },
      "expansion": "батаре́я • (bataréja) f inan (genitive батаре́ї, nominative plural батаре́ї, genitive plural батаре́й, relational adjective батаре́йний)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ба‧та‧рея"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "батаре́я<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "akumuljátor",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "акумуля́тор"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "uk:Military units"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (coordinated group of artillery weapons)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) battery (coordinated group of artillery weapons)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "uk:Electricity"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (electric power source consisting of electrochemical cells)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "electricity",
          "electricity"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(electricity) battery (electric power source consisting of electrochemical cells)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "electrical-engineering",
        "electricity",
        "electromagnetism",
        "energy",
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "radiator (metal fixture for heating a room)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "radiator",
          "radiator"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "радіа́тор"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ukrainian humorous terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (an array of similar things)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "humorous",
          "humorous"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively, sometimes humorous) battery (an array of similar things)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "humorous",
        "sometimes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "uk:Chess"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chess",
          "chess"
        ],
        [
          "battery",
          "battery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chess) battery (two or more major pieces on the same rank, file, or diagonal)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "board-games",
        "chess",
        "games"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bɐtɐˈrɛjɐ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Uk-батарея.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Uk-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛjɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "1928-1933 spelling",
      "roman": "bateríja",
      "word": "батері́я"
    }
  ],
  "word": "батарея"
}

Download raw JSONL data for батарея meaning in Ukrainian (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ukrainian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.