тот

тодар тодар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тодар (todar)


тур

турар турар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of турар (turar, “to stand”)

турар турар#Tuvan

third-person present punctual auxiliary of турар


чор

чоруур чоруур#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of чоруур (çoruur, “to go, to walk”)

чоруур чоруур#Tuvan

present concrete progressive auxiliary of чоруур (çoruur)


коргар

head

коргар • (korgar) (stem корт-, indefinite past корткан, negative кортпас)

korgar (romanization)
корт- (stem)
корткан (indefinite past)
кортпас (negative)

Чыланнардан коргар мен.

(intransitive, transitive, + allative case) to be afraid, fear


баар

баар • (baar) (stem бар-, indefinite past барган, negative барбас)

baar (romanization)
бар- (stem)
барган (indefinite past)
барбас (negative)

Мен база киноже баар мен.


дээр

дээр • (deer) (stem ди-, indefinite past дээн, negative дивес)

deer (romanization)
ди- (stem)
дээн (indefinite past)
дивес (negative)
дээр (future indicative)
дээр (first-person singular)
дивес (first-person negative plural)
дивес (first-person negative singular)
дээр (second-person singular)
дивес (negative plural second-person)
дивес (negative second-person singular)
дээр
дивес (negative plural third-person)
дивес (negative)
дээн (indicative past past-i)
дээн (first-person singular)
дивеен (first-person negative plural)
дивеен (first-person negative singular)
дээн (second-person singular)
дивеен (negative plural second-person)
дивеен (negative second-person singular)
дээн
дивеен (negative plural third-person)
дивеен (negative)
дидим (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
дидивис (first-person plural third-person)
диведим (first-person negative singular)
диведивис (first-person negative plural third-person)
дидиң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
дидиңер (plural second-person third-person)
диведиң (negative second-person singular)
диведиңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
диди (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
дидилер (plural third-person)
диведи (negative singular third-person)
диведилер (negative plural third-person)
дижей (resultative singular third-person)
дижей (first-person singular third-person)
дижей (second-person singular third-person)
дижей (plural third-person)
дизимзе (conditional first-person singular)
дизивиссе (first-person plural third-person)
дивезимзе (first-person negative singular)
дивезивиссе (first-person negative plural third-person)
дизиңзе (conditional second-person singular)
дизиңерзе (plural second-person third-person)
дивезиңзе (negative second-person singular)
дивезиңерзе (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизе (conditional singular third-person)
дизилер (plural third-person)
дивезе (negative singular third-person)
дивезилер (negative plural third-person)
дидир (evidential singular third-person)
дидир (first-person singular third-person)
диведир (first-person negative plural third-person)
диведир (first-person negative singular third-person)
дидир (second-person singular third-person)
диведир (negative plural second-person third-person)
диведир (negative second-person singular third-person)
дидир (plural third-person)
диведир (negative plural third-person)
дигей (optative singular third-person)
дигей (first-person singular third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative plural third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative singular third-person)
дигей (second-person singular third-person)
дивегей (negative plural second-person third-person)
дивегей (negative second-person singular third-person)
дигей (plural third-person)
дивегей (negative plural third-person)
дийн (first-person imperative singular)
дилиңер (first-person plural third-person)
дивейн (first-person negative singular)
дивелиңер (first-person negative plural third-person)
ди (imperative second-person singular)
диңер (plural second-person third-person)
диве (negative second-person singular)
дивеңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизин (imperative singular third-person)
дизиннер (plural third-person)
дивезин (negative singular third-person)
дивезиннер (negative plural third-person)
дээр (future participle third-person)
дивес (future negative participle third-person)
дээн (participle past past-i third-person)
дивеен (negative participle past past-i third-person)
дип (converb third-person)
дий (converb third-person)
дээш (converb past third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *dǟ-är (“one may say”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰃𐰼 (t²ir² /ter/), Turkish der (“he/she/they/it says”).

inh+

Ол мени мынчаар кыл дээн.


дээр

head

дээр • (deer) (stem дег-, indefinite past дегген, negative дегбес)

deer (romanization)
дег- (stem)
дегген (indefinite past)
дегбес (negative)
дээр (future indicative)
дээр (first-person singular)
дивес (first-person negative plural)
дивес (first-person negative singular)
дээр (second-person singular)
дивес (negative plural second-person)
дивес (negative second-person singular)
дээр
дивес (negative plural third-person)
дивес (negative)
дээн (indicative past past-i)
дээн (first-person singular)
дивеен (first-person negative plural)
дивеен (first-person negative singular)
дээн (second-person singular)
дивеен (negative plural second-person)
дивеен (negative second-person singular)
дээн
дивеен (negative plural third-person)
дивеен (negative)
дидим (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
дидивис (first-person plural third-person)
диведим (first-person negative singular)
диведивис (first-person negative plural third-person)
дидиң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
дидиңер (plural second-person third-person)
диведиң (negative second-person singular)
диведиңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
диди (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
дидилер (plural third-person)
диведи (negative singular third-person)
диведилер (negative plural third-person)
дижей (resultative singular third-person)
дижей (first-person singular third-person)
дижей (second-person singular third-person)
дижей (plural third-person)
дизимзе (conditional first-person singular)
дизивиссе (first-person plural third-person)
дивезимзе (first-person negative singular)
дивезивиссе (first-person negative plural third-person)
дизиңзе (conditional second-person singular)
дизиңерзе (plural second-person third-person)
дивезиңзе (negative second-person singular)
дивезиңерзе (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизе (conditional singular third-person)
дизилер (plural third-person)
дивезе (negative singular third-person)
дивезилер (negative plural third-person)
дидир (evidential singular third-person)
дидир (first-person singular third-person)
диведир (first-person negative plural third-person)
диведир (first-person negative singular third-person)
дидир (second-person singular third-person)
диведир (negative plural second-person third-person)
диведир (negative second-person singular third-person)
дидир (plural third-person)
диведир (negative plural third-person)
дигей (optative singular third-person)
дигей (first-person singular third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative plural third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative singular third-person)
дигей (second-person singular third-person)
дивегей (negative plural second-person third-person)
дивегей (negative second-person singular third-person)
дигей (plural third-person)
дивегей (negative plural third-person)
дийн (first-person imperative singular)
дилиңер (first-person plural third-person)
дивейн (first-person negative singular)
дивелиңер (first-person negative plural third-person)
ди (imperative second-person singular)
диңер (plural second-person third-person)
диве (negative second-person singular)
дивеңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизин (imperative singular third-person)
дизиннер (plural third-person)
дивезин (negative singular third-person)
дивезиннер (negative plural third-person)
дээр (future participle third-person)
дивес (future negative participle third-person)
дээн (participle past past-i third-person)
дивеен (negative participle past past-i third-person)
дип (converb third-person)
дий (converb third-person)
дээш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *deg-är (“one may touch, reach”).


каар

Possibly a back-formation of калыр (kalır), through removal of perceived passive suffix -л (-l).

Мени бажыңымга чедир үдеп каан.

(auxiliary, + -п) indicates completeness of an action


тары

head

тары • (tarı)

тарыыр тарыыр#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тарыыр (tarıır, “to grow [plants]”)


чуур

чуур • (çuur)

çuur (romanization)
чуур (future indicative)
чуур (first-person singular)
чувас (first-person negative plural)
чувас (first-person negative singular)
чуур (second-person singular)
чувас (negative plural second-person)
чувас (negative second-person singular)
чуур
чувас (negative plural third-person)
чувас (negative)
чаан (indicative past past-i)
чаан (first-person singular)
чуваан (first-person negative plural)
чуваан (first-person negative singular)
чаан (second-person singular)
чуваан (negative plural second-person)
чуваан (negative second-person singular)
чаан
чуваан (negative plural third-person)
чуваан (negative)
чудум (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
чудувус (first-person plural third-person)
чувадум (first-person negative singular)
чувадувус (first-person negative plural third-person)
чудуң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
чудуңар (plural second-person third-person)
чувадуң (negative second-person singular)
чувадуңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чуду (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
чудулар (plural third-person)
чуваду (negative singular third-person)
чувадулар (negative plural third-person)
чужай (resultative singular third-person)
чужай (first-person singular third-person)
чужай (second-person singular third-person)
чужай (plural third-person)
чузумза (conditional first-person singular)
чузувусса (first-person plural third-person)
чувазымза (first-person negative singular)
чувазывусса (first-person negative plural third-person)
чузуңза (conditional second-person singular)
чузуңарза (plural second-person third-person)
чувазыңза (negative second-person singular)
чувазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
чуза (conditional singular third-person)
чузулар (plural third-person)
чуваза (negative singular third-person)
чувазылар (negative plural third-person)
чудур (evidential singular third-person)
чудур (first-person singular third-person)
чувадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
чувадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
чудур (second-person singular third-person)
чувадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
чувадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
чудур (plural third-person)
чувадыр (negative plural third-person)
чугай (optative singular third-person)
чугай (first-person singular third-person)
чувагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
чувагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
чугай (second-person singular third-person)
чувагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
чувагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
чугай (plural third-person)
чувагай (negative plural third-person)
чуйн (first-person imperative singular)
чулыңар (first-person plural third-person)
чувайн (first-person negative singular)
чувалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
чу (imperative second-person singular)
чуңар (plural second-person third-person)
чува (negative second-person singular)
чуваңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чузун (imperative singular third-person)
чузуннар (plural third-person)
чувазын (negative singular third-person)
чувазыннар (negative plural third-person)
чуур (future participle third-person)
чувас (future negative participle third-person)
чаан (participle past past-i third-person)
чуваан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
чуп (converb third-person)
чуй (converb third-person)
чааш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *yu(b)- (“to wash; to bathe, to swim”).


тывар

head

тывар • (tıvar)

tyv-verb

тывар • (tıvar)

From Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to find”). Cognate with Turkish tapmak (“to find (dial.)”).

— Кым болур сен ынчаш? — Кым болур деп мен, тып көрем, авай?

1999, Aldyn-ool A.A., Бодуң номчу - бир классчыларга, page 43:

— What will you be then? — Why don't you try to guess what I'll be, mother?

— Kım bolur sen ınçaş? — Kım bolur dep men, tıp körem, avay?


эштир

head

эштир • (eştir) (stem эжин-, indefinite past эжинген, negative эжинмес)

eştir (romanization)
эжин- (stem)
эжинген (indefinite past)
эжинмес (negative)


саттынар

саттынар • (sattınar)


садар

садар • (sadar) (stem сат-, indefinite past саткан, negative сатпас)

sadar (romanization)
сат- (stem)
саткан (indefinite past)
сатпас (negative)

Morphologically сат- (sat-) + -ар (-ar).


маңнаар

маңнаар • (mañnaar)

Morphologically маңна- (mañna-) + -ар (-ar).


чүдей

чүдей • (çüdey)

чүдээр чүдээр#Tuvan


көөр

From Proto-Turkic *köri-, *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Kyrgyz көрүү (körüü), Turkish görmek.

Соңганы хаавыдып көр.

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to soften a request; please


хүлүмзүрүүр

хүлүмзүрүүр • (xülümzürüür)

From Proto-Turkic *gül-. Cognate with Turkish gülümsemek (“to smile”).


шенеттинер

шенеттинер • (şenettiner)


өөренир

өөренир • (öörenir) (stem өөрен-, indefinite past өөренген, negative өөренбес)

öörenir (romanization)
өөрен- (stem)
өөренген (indefinite past)
өөренбес (negative)

Reflexive form of Proto-Turkic *ögren- (“to get accustomed to; to learn”). Cognate with Turkish öğrenmek (“to learn”), see there for further cognates.

inh

Каш дугаар класстан эгелеп даштыкы дыл өөренип турарыл?

From which class on do you learn a foreign language?

Kaş dugaar klasstan egelep daştıkı dıl öörenip turarıl?


өөредир

head

өөредир • (ööredir) (stem өөрет-, indefinite past өөреткен, negative өөретпес)

ööredir (romanization)
өөрет- (stem)
өөреткен (indefinite past)
өөретпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ögret-. Cognate with Turkish öğretmek.


кадар

кадар • (kadar) (stem кат-, indefinite past каткан, negative катпас)

kadar (romanization)
кат- (stem)
каткан (indefinite past)
катпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *Kat- (“to mix, add”).


чанар

чанар • (çanar)

tyv-verb

чанар • (çanar)

From Proto-Turkic *jAn (“to turn back; again”). Cognate to Turkish yine (“again”).

inh

Мээң чанар үем келди.


дээш

head

дээш • (deeş)

From дээр (deer, “to say”) + -геш (-geş, “suffix indicating posterity; after”).

suffix

дээр дээр#Tuvan


ижер

head

ижер • (ijer) (stem иш-, indefinite past ишкен, negative ишпес)

ijer (romanization)
иш- (stem)
ишкен (indefinite past)
ишпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”). Cognate with Turkish içmek.

Ишпес мен.


чыдар

чыдар • (çıdar) (stem чыт-, indefinite past чыткан, negative чытпас)

çıdar (romanization)
чыт- (stem)
чыткан (indefinite past)
чытпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *jat- (“to lie, to sleep”). Cognate with Kazakh жату (jatu), Shor чадарға, Turkish yatmak, Yakut сыт (sıt).

cog

Shor чадарға

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is lying down or otherwise stationary.

Хар мөңгүн дег кылаңайнып чыдыр.

(auxiliary, чыдыр + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is lying down or otherwise stationary.


байы-

From Proto-Turkic *bāj-a-; equivalent to бай (bay, “rich”) + -ы- (-ı-, denominal verb suffix). Cognate with Khakas пайы- (payı-), Southern Altai байы- (bayï-), Kazakh байы- (baiy-), etc.

suffix

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan


ырлаар

Morphologically ыр (ır, “song”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar). Cognate with Yakut ыллаа (ıllaa).


чүгүрер

head

чүгүрер • (çügürer) (stem чүгүр-, indefinite past чүгүрген, negative чүгүрбес)

çügürer (romanization)
чүгүр- (stem)
чүгүрген (indefinite past)
чүгүрбес (negative)


ырладыр

ырладыр • (ırladır) (stem ырлат-)

Morphologically from ырла- (ırla-, “to sing”) + -дыр (-dır).


байыыр

байыыр • (bayıır) (stem байы-, indefinite past байаан, negative байывас)

bayıır (romanization)
байы- (stem)
байаан (indefinite past)
байывас (negative)
байыыр (future indicative)
байыыр (first-person singular)
байывас (first-person negative plural)
байывас (first-person negative singular)
байыыр (second-person singular)
байывас (negative plural second-person)
байывас (negative second-person singular)
байыыр
байывас (negative plural third-person)
байывас (negative)
байаан (indicative past past-i)
байаан (first-person singular)
байываан (first-person negative plural)
байываан (first-person negative singular)
байаан (second-person singular)
байываан (negative plural second-person)
байываан (negative second-person singular)
байаан
байываан (negative plural third-person)
байываан (negative)
байыдым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
байыдывыс (first-person plural third-person)
байывадым (first-person negative singular)
байывадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
байыдың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
байыдыңар (plural second-person third-person)
байывадың (negative second-person singular)
байывадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
байыды (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
байыдылар (plural third-person)
байывады (negative singular third-person)
байывадылар (negative plural third-person)
байыжай (resultative singular third-person)
байыжай (first-person singular third-person)
байыжай (second-person singular third-person)
байыжай (plural third-person)
байызымза (conditional first-person singular)
байызывысса (first-person plural third-person)
байывазымза (first-person negative singular)
байывазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
байызыңза (conditional second-person singular)
байызыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
байывазыңза (negative second-person singular)
байывазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
байыза (conditional singular third-person)
байызылар (plural third-person)
байываза (negative singular third-person)
байывазылар (negative plural third-person)
байыдыр (evidential singular third-person)
байыдыр (first-person singular third-person)
байывадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
байывадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
байыдыр (second-person singular third-person)
байывадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
байывадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
байыдыр (plural third-person)
байывадыр (negative plural third-person)
байыгай (optative singular third-person)
байыгай (first-person singular third-person)
байывагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
байывагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
байыгай (second-person singular third-person)
байывагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
байывагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
байыгай (plural third-person)
байывагай (negative plural third-person)
байыйн (first-person imperative singular)
байылыңар (first-person plural third-person)
байывайн (first-person negative singular)
байывалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
байы (imperative second-person singular)
байыңар (plural second-person third-person)
байыва (negative second-person singular)
байываңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
байызын (imperative singular third-person)
байызыннар (plural third-person)
байывазын (negative singular third-person)
байывазыннар (negative plural third-person)
байыыр (future participle third-person)
байывас (future negative participle third-person)
байаан (participle past past-i third-person)
байываан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
байып (converb third-person)
байый (converb third-person)
байааш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *bāyu-; equivalent to бай (bay, “rich”) + -ы- (-ı-, denominal verbal suffix) + -ыр (-ır, infinitive suffix).
Cognate with Khakas пайирға (payirğa),Southern Altai байыыр (bayïïr), Kyrgyz баюу (bayuu), Kazakh баю (baü), etc.

suf

Тос-ла чүзүн малымайны / Доруктурза, байыыр-ла мен

1921, Ayana Samiyayevna Mongush (lyrics and music), “Tooruktug Dolgai Tangdym”:

My livestock of nine colours / If I breed them, I will grow rich

Tos-la çüzün malımaynı / Dorukturza, bayıır-la men


тывалаар

head

тывалаар • (tıvalaar) (stem тывала-, indefinite past тывалаан, negative тывалавас)

tıvalaar (romanization)
тывала- (stem)
тывалаан (indefinite past)
тывалавас (negative)

From тыва (tıva, “Tuvan”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


буряттаар

head

буряттаар • (buryattaar) (stem бурятта-)

buryattaar (romanization)
бурятта- (stem)

/buɾʲɑˑtːɑːɾ/

From бурят (buryat, “Buryat”) + -ла- (-la-).


кыдаттаар

кыдаттаар • (kıdattaar) (stem кыдатта-)

tyv-verb

кыдаттаар • (kıdattaar) (stem кыдатта-)

kıdattaar (romanization)
кыдатта- (stem)

/k̠ɤdɑtːɑːɾ/

From кыдат (kıdat, “Chinese”) + -ла- (-la-).


байы

head

байы • (bayı)

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of байыыр (bayıır)


байыыр мен

байыыр мен • (bayıır men)

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of байыыр (bayıır)


тывала

тывала • (tıvala)

тывалаар тывалаар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тывалаар (tıvalaar)


тодар мен

тодар тодар#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тодар (todar)


тарыыр мен

тарыыр мен • (tarıır men)

тарыыр тарыыр#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тарыыр (tarıır)


тывалаар мен

тывалаар мен • (tıvalaar men)

тывалаар тывалаар#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тывалаар (tıvalaar)


боолаар

From боо (boo, “gun”) + -лаар (-laar, denominal verb-forming suffix). Compare also Mongolian буудах (buudax).


эргилзимзе

эргилер эргилер#Tuvan

first-person singular conditional of эргилер (ergiler)


долганзымза

head

долганзымза • (dolganzımza)

From долган- (dolgan-) + -зымза (-zımza).

долганыр долганыр#Tuvan

first-person singular conditional of долганыр (dolganır)


келир

келир • (kelir) (stem кел-, indefinite past келген, negative келбес)

kelir (romanization)
кел- (stem)
келген (indefinite past)
келбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Khakas килир (kilir), Turkish gelmek, Yakut кэлэр (keler).


олур

From Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Compare to Old Turkic [script needed] (olur-).

олурар олурар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of олурар (olurar, “to sit”)

Аарыг кижи сегип олур

олурар олурар#Tuvan

present concrete progressive auxiliary of олурар (olurar), expressing a prolonged or beginning action


чыдыр

чыдыр • (çıdır)

Compare also Khakas -ча (-ça), -че (-çe); -чадыр (-çadır), -чедір (-çedìr); Kazakh жатыр (jatyr); etc.

Уруглар удуп чыдыр.

The children are sleeping. (progressively)

Бо дагның ындында улуг хем агып чыдыр.

Beyond the mountain flows a great river. (continuously)

чыт- чыдар#Tuvan

progressive-continuous aspect
w:Continuous and progressive aspects

present auxiliary of чыт- (çıt-, “to lie”), forming a progressive-continuous aspect


чок

From Proto-Turkic *yōk (“is not; there is not”). Cognate with Khakas чох (çox), Northern Altai чок (čok), Yakut суох (suoq), Kazakh жоқ (joq), Turkish yok.


чоруур

head

чоруур • (çoruur)

tyv-verb

чоруур • (çoruur)

From Proto-Turkic *yüri- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish yürümek (“to walk”).

Бис оожум чоруп олурган бис.

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is moving.

Мени саадатпа, мен аажок далажып чор мен.

Meni saadatpa, men aajok dalajıp çor men.

(auxiliary, чор + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is moving.


чугаалаар

head

чугаалаар • (çugaalaar)

tyv-verb

чугаалаар • (çugaalaar)

чугаа (çugaa, “speech”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


кирер

head

кирер • (kirer) (stem кир-, indefinite past кирген, negative кирбес)

kirer (romanization)
кир- (stem)
кирген (indefinite past)
кирбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kīr- (“to enter”). Cognate with Turkish girmek (“to enter”).

Ажылдап кирген.

(auxiliary, + -п) to start (doing something)


бээр

From Proto-Turkic *bēr- (“to give”). Cognate with Tofa бәәр, Khakas пирерге (pirerge), Yakut биэр (bier), Southern Altai берер (berer), Kazakh беру (beru), Turkish vermek, etc.

Меңээ билеттен берип көрүңер.

Ол үне берген

Хенертен чаъс чай берген.

Suddenly, it started to rain. (inceptively)

Оюн салчак арбын чоннуң ортузунга чурттай бээр мен

(Can we date this quote?), “Чыраа-хоор [Çıraa-xoor, Chyraa-khoor]”:

I will live there along the populous tribes of the Oyuns and the Salchaks

(auxiliary) Used to form the perfective of a verb, following its imperfective converbal in variant -е (-e), -э (-e), -и (-i), -ү (-ü), -а (-a), -ы (-ı), -у (-u), or -й (-y)

Меңээ адың чугаалап бер.

(auxiliary) Used to indicate an action having its external concern or purpose, following associative converbal in -п (-p) or its epenthetic variants


бодаар

бодаар • (bodaar) (stem бода-, indefinite past бодаан, negative бодавас)

bodaar (romanization)
бода- (stem)
бодаан (indefinite past)
бодавас (negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *bodu- (“to think”). Cognate with Mongolian бодох (bodox, “to think”).

Ону ынчаар эки ырлаар деп бодаваан мен.


кылыр

кылыр • (kılır) (stem кылыр-, indefinite past кылган, negative кылбас)

kılır (romanization)
кылыр- (stem)
кылган (indefinite past)
кылбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kïl- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Turkish kılmak (“to make”).

Чүү-даа кылбаан мен.


чалбарыыр

чалбарыыр • (çalbarıır) (stem чалбар-)

tyv-verb

чалбарыыр • (çalbarıır) (stem чалбар-)

From Proto-Turkic *jāl- (“to ask, require”). Cognate with Turkish yalvarmak (“to implore, beg”).


олурар

head

олурар • (olurar) (stem олур-, indefinite past олурган, negative олурбас)

olurar (romanization)
олур- (stem)
олурган (indefinite past)
олурбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Cognate with Turkish oturmak (“to sit”).

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is sat down or otherwise stationary.

Мен самолётта ужуп олур мен.

(auxiliary, олур + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is sat down or otherwise stationary.


калыр

калыр • (kalır) (stem кал-, indefinite past калган, negative калбас)

kalır (romanization)
кал- (stem)
калган (indefinite past)
калбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kiāl- (“to stay behind, remain”). Cognate with Turkish kalmak (“to remain”).

inh

Кадып калган хлеб.

The bread got stale. (literally, “The bread ended up hardening.”)


болур

head

болур • (bolur) (stem бол-, indefinite past болган, negative болбас)

bolur (romanization)
бол- (stem)
болган (indefinite past)
болбас (negative)
болур (future indicative)
болур (first-person singular)
болбас (first-person negative plural)
болбас (first-person negative singular)
болур (second-person singular)
болбас (negative plural second-person)
болбас (negative second-person singular)
болур
болбас (negative plural third-person)
болбас (negative)
болган (indicative past past-i)
болган (first-person singular)
болбаан (first-person negative plural)
болбаан (first-person negative singular)
болган (second-person singular)
болбаан (negative plural second-person)
болбаан (negative second-person singular)
болган
болбаан (negative plural third-person)
болбаан (negative)
болдум (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
болдувус (first-person plural third-person)
болбадум (first-person negative singular)
болбадувус (first-person negative plural third-person)
болдуң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
болдуңар (plural second-person third-person)
болбадуң (negative second-person singular)
болбадуңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
болду (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
болдулар (plural third-person)
болбаду (negative singular third-person)
болбадулар (negative plural third-person)
болжай (resultative singular third-person)
болжай (first-person singular third-person)
болжай (second-person singular third-person)
болжай (plural third-person)
болзумза (conditional first-person singular)
болзувусса (first-person plural third-person)
болбазымза (first-person negative singular)
болбазывусса (first-person negative plural third-person)
болзуңза (conditional second-person singular)
болзуңарза (plural second-person third-person)
болбазыңза (negative second-person singular)
болбазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
болза (conditional singular third-person)
болзулар (plural third-person)
болбаза (negative singular third-person)
болбазылар (negative plural third-person)
болдур (evidential singular third-person)
болдур (first-person singular third-person)
болбадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
болбадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
болдур (second-person singular third-person)
болбадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
болбадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
болдур (plural third-person)
болбадыр (negative plural third-person)
болгай (optative singular third-person)
болгай (first-person singular third-person)
болбагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
болбагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
болгай (second-person singular third-person)
болбагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
болбагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
болгай (plural third-person)
болбагай (negative plural third-person)
болайн (first-person imperative singular)
болулыңар (first-person plural third-person)
болбайн (first-person negative singular)
болбалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
бол (imperative second-person singular)
болуңар (plural second-person third-person)
болба (negative second-person singular)
болбаңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
болзун (imperative singular third-person)
болзуннар (plural third-person)
болбазын (negative singular third-person)
болбазыннар (negative plural third-person)
болур (future participle third-person)
болбас (future negative participle third-person)
болган (participle past past-i third-person)
болбаан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
болап (converb third-person)
бола (converb third-person)
болгаш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *bōl- (“to become”). Cognate with Turkish olmak (“to become”).

Эгезинде берге болган.

Мен бо номну ап болур мен бе?

Уттуп болбас.

Don't forget. (literally, “It's not permissible/it will be bad to forget.”)

(auxiliary, + -п) indicates permission or feasibility of an action


чидер

From Proto-Turkic *jit- (“to be lost”). Cognate with Turkish yitmek (“to disappear”).

Аъдым читкеш, чадаг калдым.

My horse disappeared, so I ended up going on foot.


уттур

From Proto-Turkic *umnït- (“to forget”). Cognate with Turkish unutmak (“to forget”).


билир

билир • (bilir) (stem бил-, indefinite past билген, negative билбес)

bilir (romanization)
бил- (stem)
билген (indefinite past)
билбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *bil- (“to know”). Cognate with Turkish bilmek (“to know”).

Чүнү чугаалаарыңны билир мен.

Тывалап билир силер бе?


чедирер

From чедер (çeder, “to reach”) + -тир (-tir, “causative suffix”).

suffix

байыр чедирер

to congratulate (literally, “to deliver congratulations”)


чедер

/t͡ʃe̞ˈde̞ɾ/

From Proto-Turkic *yẹt- (“to reach”). Cognate with Turkish yetmek (“to suffice”).

Аалыңга четкен дораан бижиир сен.

Please write as soon as you've arrived to your home.


турар

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand”).

Кажаада эзерлиг аът тур.

A saddled horse is standing in the corral.

Ол бо школада ажылдап турар.

He works at this school (in the past, now and probably also will in the future).

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for most verbs, including when the subject's physical position is unimportant or unknown.

Телефон ажылдавайн тур.

Тывалап өөренип алыксап тур мен.

(auxiliary, тур + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for most verbs, including when the subject's physical position is unimportant or unknown.


дидим

From Proto-Turkic *det- (“to strive; bold, hero”). Cognate with Turkish tetik (“alert”).

inh

дээр дээр#Tuvan

first-person singular past II of дээр (deer)


-тыр

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish -dir (“it is”).

Бо мээң кадайым-дыр.

Чаъс чаар-дыр.

It'll rain (or so I have deduced from current meteorological conditions).

Куштар дыңналы-дыр.


эгелээр

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *eke (“mother”). Cognate with Mongolian эхлэх (exlex, “to begin”).

Мээң бажым аарып эгелей берди.


канчаар

head

канчаар • (kançaar) (stem канча-, indefinite past канчаан, negative канчавас)

kançaar (romanization)
канча- (stem)
канчаан (indefinite past)
канчавас (negative)

From ка- (ka-, “interrogative prefix”) + -ар (-ar, “verbalising suffix”).

suffix

А мен канчаар мен?

Ол кинотеатрга канчап чедерил?


чиир

head

чиир • (çiir) (stem чи-, indefinite past чиген, negative чивес)

çiir (romanization)
чи- (stem)
чиген (indefinite past)
чивес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *yē- (“to eat”). Cognate with Turkish yemek (“to eat”).

Кайыын эртенги чем чип ап болурул?


хөөмейлээр

хөөмейлээр • (xöömeyleer) (stem хөөмейле-, indefinite past хөөмейлээн, negative хөөмейлевес)

xöömeyleer (romanization)
хөөмейле- (stem)
хөөмейлээн (indefinite past)
хөөмейлевес (negative)

From хөөмей (xöömey, “khoomei”) + -ле (-le, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).

suffix

(intransitive) to sing in khoomei, throat sing


такпылаар

head

такпылаар • (takpılaar) (stem такпыла-, indefinite past такпылаан, negative такпылавас)

takpılaar (romanization)
такпыла- (stem)
такпылаан (indefinite past)
такпылавас (negative)

From такпы (takpı, “tobacco”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suffix

Маңгаа такпылап болбас.


дыңнаар

head

дыңнаар • (dıñnaar) (stem дыңна-, indefinite past дыңнаан, negative дыңнавас)

dıñnaar (romanization)
дыңна- (stem)
дыңнаан (indefinite past)
дыңнавас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tïŋla- (“to hear, listen”). Cognate with Turkish dinlemek (“to listen”).

inh

Мени дыңна.


чурттаар

head

чурттаар • (çurttaar) (stem чуртта-, indefinite past чурттаан, negative чурттавас)

çurttaar (romanization)
чуртта- (stem)
чурттаан (indefinite past)
чурттавас (negative)

From чурт (çurt, “country”) + -та- (-ta-, denonimal verb-forming suffix) + -ар (-ar, present participle & infinitive suffix).

suf

Мен Тывада чурттап турар мен.

(intransitive) to live (somewhere), to reside


кичээлдээр

head

кичээлдээр • (kiçeeldeer) (stem кичээлде-, indefinite past кичээлдээн, negative кичээлдевес)

kiçeeldeer (romanization)
кичээлде- (stem)
кичээлдээн (indefinite past)
кичээлдевес (negative)

/kɪˌt͡ʃɛːlˈdɛːr/

From кичээл (kiçeel, “lesson”) + -де (-de, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).


чуруур

head

чуруур • (çuruur) (stem чуру-, indefinite past чураан, negative чурувас)

çuruur (romanization)
чуру- (stem)
чураан (indefinite past)
чурувас (negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *ǯiru- (“to scratch, draw”). Cognate with Mongolian зурах (zurax, “to draw”).


манаар

head

манаар • (manaar) (stem мана-, indefinite past манаан, negative манавас)

manaar (romanization)
мана- (stem)
манаан (indefinite past)
манавас (negative)
манаар (future indicative)
манаар (first-person singular)
манавас (first-person negative plural)
манавас (first-person negative singular)
манаар (second-person singular)
манавас (negative plural second-person)
манавас (negative second-person singular)
манаар
манавас (negative plural third-person)
манавас (negative)
манаан (indicative past past-i)
манаан (first-person singular)
манаваан (first-person negative plural)
манаваан (first-person negative singular)
манаан (second-person singular)
манаваан (negative plural second-person)
манаваан (negative second-person singular)
манаан
манаваан (negative plural third-person)
манаваан (negative)
манадым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
манадывыс (first-person plural third-person)
манавадым (first-person negative singular)
манавадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
манадың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
манадыңар (plural second-person third-person)
манавадың (negative second-person singular)
манавадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
манады (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
манадылар (plural third-person)
манавады (negative singular third-person)
манавадылар (negative plural third-person)
манажай (resultative singular third-person)
манажай (first-person singular third-person)
манажай (second-person singular third-person)
манажай (plural third-person)
маназымза (conditional first-person singular)
маназывысса (first-person plural third-person)
манавазымза (first-person negative singular)
манавазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
маназыңза (conditional second-person singular)
маназыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
манавазыңза (negative second-person singular)
манавазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
маназа (conditional singular third-person)
маназылар (plural third-person)
манаваза (negative singular third-person)
манавазылар (negative plural third-person)
манадыр (evidential singular third-person)
манадыр (first-person singular third-person)
манавадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
манавадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
манадыр (second-person singular third-person)
манавадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
манавадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
манадыр (plural third-person)
манавадыр (negative plural third-person)
манагай (optative singular third-person)
манагай (first-person singular third-person)
манавагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
манавагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
манагай (second-person singular third-person)
манавагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
манавагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
манагай (plural third-person)
манавагай (negative plural third-person)
манайн (first-person imperative singular)
маналыңар (first-person plural third-person)
манавайн (first-person negative singular)
манавалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
мана (imperative second-person singular)
манаңар (plural second-person third-person)
манава (negative second-person singular)
манаваңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
маназын (imperative singular third-person)
маназыннар (plural third-person)
манавазын (negative singular third-person)
манавазыннар (negative plural third-person)
манаар (future participle third-person)
манавас (future negative participle third-person)
манаан (participle past past-i third-person)
манаваан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
манап (converb third-person)
манай (converb third-person)
манааш (converb past third-person)

Possibly from Proto-Mongolic *hana- (“to be in wait for”).

der

Мен келгижемче мана.

Маңаа манаар мен.


апаар

head

апаар • (apaar) (stem апар-, indefinite past апарган, negative апарбас)

apaar (romanization)
апар- (stem)
апарган (indefinite past)
апарбас (negative)

Эмчи апарган чүве.

Сен ам чоруур апаар сен.


аарыыр

аарыыр • (aarıır) (stem аары-, indefinite past аараан, negative аарывас)

aarıır (romanization)
аары- (stem)
аараан (indefinite past)
аарывас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *agrï- (“to get hurt”). Cognate with Turkish ağrımak (“to hurt”).

Мал кандыг аарыглардан аарып турарыл?

What kind of disease is the cattle suffering from?

Мен аарып тур мен.

(intransitive, + ablative) to be sick, suffer of

Мээң бажым аарып тур.


таныыр

таныыр • (tanıır) (stem таны-, indefinite past танаан, negative танывас)

tanıır (romanization)
таны- (stem)
танаан (indefinite past)
танывас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tanu- (“to get to know”). Cognate with Turkish tanımak (“to know”).

Мен сени таныыр мен бе?


чөдүрер

чөдүрер • (çödürer) (stem чөдүр-, indefinite past чөдүрген, negative чөдүрбес)

çödürer (romanization)
чөдүр- (stem)
чөдүрген (indefinite past)
чөдүрбес (negative)

— Бажым аарып, чөдүрүп тур мен, эмчи.

2002, Seliverstova G.M., Bazyr G.C., Syuryun-ool V.V., Өңнүктер 5, page 67:

— My head hurts, and I have a cough, doctor.


агаарлаар

агаарлаар • (agaarlaar) (stem агаарла-, indefinite past агаарлаан, negative агаарлавас)

agaarlaar (romanization)
агаарла- (stem)
агаарлаан (indefinite past)
агаарлавас (negative)

From агаар (agaar, “air, weather”) + -ла- (-la-, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suf

Бис дүштеки чем соонда үргүлчү агаарлап турар бис.

Bis düşteki çem soonda ürgülçü agaarlap turar bis.


адаар

head

адаар • (adaar) (stem ада-, indefinite past адаан, negative адавас)

adaar (romanization)
ада- (stem)
адаан (indefinite past)
адавас (negative)

Бо сөстү канчаар адаарыл?


үнер

үнер • (üner) (stem үн-, indefinite past үнген, negative үнмес)

üner (romanization)
үн- (stem)
үнген (indefinite past)
үнмес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ȫn- (“to grow, rise”).


өлүрер

өлүрер • (ölürer) (stem өлүр-, indefinite past өлүрген, negative өлүрбес)

ölürer (romanization)
өлүр- (stem)
өлүрген (indefinite past)
өлүрбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *öltür- (“to kill”). Cognate with Turkish öldürmek.


сорар

сорар • (sorar) (stem сор-, indefinite past сорган, negative сорбас)

sorar (romanization)
сор- (stem)
сорган (indefinite past)
сорбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *sōr- (“suck”). Cognate with Southern Altai соор (soor).


каттырар

каттырар • (kattırar) (stem каттыр-, indefinite past каттырган, negative каттырбас)

kattırar (romanization)
каттыр- (stem)
каттырган (indefinite past)
каттырбас (negative)

Cognate with Southern Altai каткыр (katkïr).


шанчар

шанчар • (şançar) (stem шаш-, indefinite past шашкан, negative шашпас)

şançar (romanization)
шаш- (stem)
шашкан (indefinite past)
шашпас (negative)


өлүр

өлүр • (ölür) (stem өл-, indefinite past өлген, negative өлбес)

ölür (romanization)
өл- (stem)
өлген (indefinite past)
өлбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *öl- (“to die”). Cognate with Turkish ölmek.


удуур

удуур • (uduur) (stem уду-, indefinite past удаан, negative удувас)

uduur (romanization)
уду- (stem)
удаан (indefinite past)
удувас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ūdï- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Turkish uyumak.


ужар

ужар • (ujar) (stem уш-, indefinite past ушкан, negative ушпас)

ujar (romanization)
уш- (stem)
ушкан (indefinite past)
ушпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *uč- (“to fly”). Cognate with Turkish uçmak.


чарар

чарар • (çarar) (stem чар-, indefinite past чарган, negative чарбас)

çarar (romanization)
чар- (stem)
чарган (indefinite past)
чарбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *yār- (“to split”). Cognate with Turkish yarmak.


аңнаар

аңнаар • (añnaar) (stem аңна-, indefinite past аңнаан, negative аңнавас)

añnaar (romanization)
аңна- (stem)
аңнаан (indefinite past)
аңнавас (negative)

From аң (añ, “beast”) + -на (-na, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


тынар

head

тынар • (tınar) (stem тын-, indefinite past тынган, negative тынмас)

tınar (romanization)
тын- (stem)
тынган (indefinite past)
тынмас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tï̄n (“to breathe”). Cognate with Yakut тыын (tıın, “spirit, breath”).


октаар

октаар • (oktaar) (stem окта-, indefinite past октаан, negative октавас)

oktaar (romanization)
окта- (stem)
октаан (indefinite past)
октавас (negative)

From ок (ok, “bullet”) + -та (-ta, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


дүжер

head

дүжер • (düjer) (stem дүш-, indefinite past дүшкен, negative дүшпес)

düjer (romanization)
дүш- (stem)
дүшкен (indefinite past)
дүшпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tüĺ- (“to fall”). Cognate with Turkish düşmek.


сөглээр

сөглээр • (sögleer) (stem сөгле-, indefinite past сөглээн, negative сөглевес)

sögleer (romanization)
сөгле- (stem)
сөглээн (indefinite past)
сөглевес (negative)

From сөс (sös, “word”) + -ле (-le, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).

suf

Чолдуг-омак сеткилимден сеңээ / Чоргаарланып сөглейн.

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Чүгле Сен сен”, in Divine music from the jail:

Let me proudly speak / My joyous thoughts to you

Çoldug-omak setkilimden señee / Çorgaarlanıp sögleyn.


тудар

head

тудар • (tudar) (stem тут-, indefinite past туткан, negative тутпас)

tudar (romanization)
тут- (stem)
туткан (indefinite past)
тутпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Turkish tutmak.


ойнаар

ойнаар • (oynaar) (stem ойна-, indefinite past ойнаан, negative ойнавас)

oynaar (romanization)
ойна- (stem)
ойнаан (indefinite past)
ойнавас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *oyna-. Equivalent to оюн (oyun, “game”) + -а- (-a-, denominal verb suffix). Cognate with Khakas ойнирға (oynirğa), Yakut оонньуур (oonnyuur), Southern Altai ойноор (oynoor), Kazakh ойнау (oinau) / ويناۋ, Turkish oynamak, etc.

suffix

(transitive) to play (a game, a sport, an instrument, etc.)


ажар

head

ажар • (ajar) (stem аш-, indefinite past ашкан, negative ашпас)

ajar (romanization)
аш- (stem)
ашкан (indefinite past)
ашпас (negative)
ажар (future indicative)
ажар (first-person singular)
ашпас (first-person negative plural)
ашпас (first-person negative singular)
ажар (second-person singular)
ашпас (negative plural second-person)
ашпас (negative second-person singular)
ажар
ашпас (negative plural third-person)
ашпас (negative)
ашкан (indicative past past-i)
ашкан (first-person singular)
ашпаан (first-person negative plural)
ашпаан (first-person negative singular)
ашкан (second-person singular)
ашпаан (negative plural second-person)
ашпаан (negative second-person singular)
ашкан
ашпаан (negative plural third-person)
ашпаан (negative)
аштым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
аштывыс (first-person plural third-person)
ашпадым (first-person negative singular)
ашпадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
аштың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
аштыңар (plural second-person third-person)
ашпадың (negative second-person singular)
ашпадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
ашты (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
аштылар (plural third-person)
ашпады (negative singular third-person)
ашпадылар (negative plural third-person)
ашчай (resultative singular third-person)
ашчай (first-person singular third-person)
ашчай (second-person singular third-person)
ашчай (plural third-person)
ашсымза (conditional first-person singular)
ашсывысса (first-person plural third-person)
ашпазымза (first-person negative singular)
ашпазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
ашсыңза (conditional second-person singular)
ашсыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
ашпазыңза (negative second-person singular)
ашпазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
ашса (conditional singular third-person)
ашсылар (plural third-person)
ашпаза (negative singular third-person)
ашпазылар (negative plural third-person)
аштыр (evidential singular third-person)
аштыр (first-person singular third-person)
ашпадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
ашпадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
аштыр (second-person singular third-person)
ашпадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
ашпадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
аштыр (plural third-person)
ашпадыр (negative plural third-person)
ашкай (optative singular third-person)
ашкай (first-person singular third-person)
ашпагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
ашпагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
ашкай (second-person singular third-person)
ашпагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
ашпагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
ашкай (plural third-person)
ашпагай (negative plural third-person)
ажайн (first-person imperative singular)
ажылыңар (first-person plural third-person)
ашпайн (first-person negative singular)
ашпалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
аш (imperative second-person singular)
ажыңар (plural second-person third-person)
ашпа (negative second-person singular)
ашпаңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
ашсын (imperative singular third-person)
ашсыннар (plural third-person)
ашпазын (negative singular third-person)
ашпазыннар (negative plural third-person)
ажар (future participle third-person)
ашпас (future negative participle third-person)
ашкан (participle past past-i third-person)
ашпаан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
ажап (converb third-person)
ажа (converb third-person)
ашкаш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *ač-. Cognate with Turkish açmak (“to open”), etc.


херечилээр

херечилээр • (xereçileer) (stem херечи-, indefinite past херечилээн, negative херечилевес)

xereçileer (romanization)
херечи- (stem)
херечилээн (indefinite past)
херечилевес (negative)

From херечи (xereçi, “witness”) + -ле (-le, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).


кедер

head

кедер • (keder) (stem кет-, indefinite past кеткен, negative кетпес)

keder (romanization)
кет- (stem)
кеткен (indefinite past)
кетпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ged- (“to dress, wear”). Cognate with Azerbaijani geymək, Southern Altai кийер (kiyer), Turkish giymek.


угаар

угаар • (ugaar) (stem угаа-, indefinite past угааган, negative угаавас)

ugaar (romanization)
угаа- (stem)
угааган (indefinite past)
угаавас (negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *uka- (“to understand; mind”).


доктаадыр

head

доктаадыр • (doktaadır) (stem доктаат-, indefinite past доктааткан, negative доктаатпас)

doktaadır (romanization)
доктаат- (stem)
доктааткан (indefinite past)
доктаатпас (negative)

From доктаа- (doktaa-, “to stop, halt”) + -т (-t, “causative suffix”) + -ыр (-ır).


амыдыраар

head

амыдыраар • (amıdıraar) (stem амыдыра-, indefinite past амыдыраан, negative амыдыравас)

amıdıraar (romanization)
амыдыра- (stem)
амыдыраан (indefinite past)
амыдыравас (negative)

From Mongolic amidura-qu ‘to live’.
Compare with Kalmyk әмдрх (ämdrx), Buryat амидарха (amidarxa), Mongolian амьдрах (amʹdrax), etc.

Мен силерниң үр амыдыраарыңарны күзеп олур мен.

Men silerniñ ür amıdıraarıñarnı küzep olur men.


доктаар

доктаар • (doktaar) (stem докта-, indefinite past доктаан, negative доктавас)

doktaar (romanization)
докта- (stem)
доктаан (indefinite past)
доктавас (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ (ǰoɣsuqu), from Proto-Mongolic *ǯogso- (“to stand still, stop”). Cognate with Mongolian зогсох (zogsox).


амыраар

head

амыраар • (amıraar) (stem амыра-, indefinite past амыраан, negative амыравас)

amıraar (romanization)
амыра- (stem)
амыраан (indefinite past)
амыравас (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ (amaraqu), from Proto-Mongolic *amu- (“to rest; peace”). Cognate with Mongolian амрах (amrax, “to rest”).


доозар

доозар • (doozar) (stem доос-, indefinite past дооскан, negative дооспас)

doozar (romanization)
доос- (stem)
дооскан (indefinite past)
дооспас (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ (daɣusqaqu), from Proto-Mongolic *daɣus- (“to finish”). Cognate with Mongolian дуусгах (duusgax).


баштай

head

баштай • (baştay)

From башта- (başta-, “to be in the head”) + -й (-y, imperfective converb suffix).

suf

баштаар баштаар#Tuvan

imperfective converb of баштаар (baştaar, “to be in the head”): initially, in the beginning


сүмелээр

head

сүмелээр • (sümeleer) (stem сүмеле-, indefinite past сүмелээн, negative сүмелевес)

sümeleer (romanization)
сүмеле- (stem)
сүмелээн (indefinite past)
сүмелевес (negative)

From сүме (süme, “advice”) + -ле (-le, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).


хамааржыр

head

хамааржыр • (xamaarjır) (stem хамаарыш-, indefinite past хамаарышкан, negative хамаарышпас)

xamaarjır (romanization)
хамаарыш- (stem)
хамаарышкан (indefinite past)
хамаарышпас (negative)


өршээр

өршээр • (örşeer) (stem өршээ-, indefinite past өршээген, negative өршээвес)

örşeer (romanization)
өршээ- (stem)
өршээген (indefinite past)
өршээвес (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠥᠷᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ (örüsiyekü). Cognate with Mongolian өршөөх (öršööx).


төнер

head

төнер • (töner) (stem төн-, indefinite past төнген, negative төнмес)

töner (romanization)
төн- (stem)
төнген (indefinite past)
төнмес (negative)


дузалаар

дузалаар • (duzalaar) (stem дузала-, indefinite past дузалаан, negative дузалавас)

duzalaar (romanization)
дузала- (stem)
дузалаан (indefinite past)
дузалавас (negative)

From дуза (duza, “help”) + -ла (-la) + -ар (-ar).


идегээр

head

идегээр • (idegeer) (stem идеге-, indefinite past идегээн, negative идегевес)

idegeer (romanization)
идеге- (stem)
идегээн (indefinite past)
идегевес (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ (itegekü), from Proto-Mongolic *itege- (“to hope, believe”). Cognate with Mongolian итгэх (itgex).

der

(transitive, + dative) to believe in, trust


төндүрер

head

төндүрер • (töndürer) (stem төндүр-, indefinite past төндүрген, negative төндүрбес)

töndürer (romanization)
төндүр- (stem)
төндүрген (indefinite past)
төндүрбес (negative)

From төн- (tön-, “to end”) + -дүр (-dür, “causative suffix”) + -эр (-er).


казыыр

head

казыыр • (kazıır) (stem казы-, indefinite past казаан, negative казывас)

kazıır (romanization)
казы- (stem)
казаан (indefinite past)
казывас (negative)


бүзүрээр

бүзүрээр • (büzüreer) (stem бүзүре-, indefinite past бүзүрээн, negative бүзүревес)

büzüreer (romanization)
бүзүре- (stem)
бүзүрээн (indefinite past)
бүзүревес (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ (bisirekü). Cognate with Mongolian бишрэх (bišrex, “to worship, revere”).

cog

Амдыызында сеңээ бүзүревес мен аан.

Силер Бурганга бүзүрээр силер бе?

(transitive, + dative case) to believe, trust


дыштаныр

head

дыштаныр • (dıştanır) (stem дыштан-, indefinite past дыштанган, negative дыштанмас)

dıştanır (romanization)
дыштан- (stem)
дыштанган (indefinite past)
дыштанмас (negative)

Чедиги хүнге чедир Бурган Бодунуң ажыл-херээн дооскан. Ынчан Ол чедиги хүннү алгап-йөрээп, «ыдыктыг» деп чарлаан, чүге дээрге ол хүн Бурган Бодунуң бүгү ажыл-херээн дооскаш, дыштанган.

Çedigi xünge çedir Burgan Bodunuñ ajıl-xereen dooskan. Inçan Ol çedigi xünnü algap-yöreep, «ıdıktıg» dep çarlaan, çüge deerge ol xün Burgan Bodunuñ bügü ajıl-xereen dooskaş, dıştangan.
And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.


назылаар

назылаар • (nazılaar) (stem назыла-, indefinite past назылаан, negative назылавас)

nazılaar (romanization)
назыла- (stem)
назылаан (indefinite past)
назылавас (negative)

From назы (nazı, “age”) + -ла (-la) + -ар (-ar).


кыйгырар

head

кыйгырар • (kıygırar) (stem кыйгыр-, indefinite past кыйгырган, negative кыйгырбас)

kıygırar (romanization)
кыйгыр- (stem)
кыйгырган (indefinite past)
кыйгырбас (negative)


медээлээр

медээлээр • (medeeleer) (stem медээле-, indefinite past медээлээн, negative медээлевес)

medeeleer (romanization)
медээле- (stem)
медээлээн (indefinite past)
медээлевес (negative)

/mɛˌdɛːˈlɛːr/

From медээ (medee, “news”) + -ле (-le) + -эр (-er).


хүлээнир

head

хүлээнир • (xüleenir) (stem хүлээн-, indefinite past хүлээнген, negative хүлээнмес)

xüleenir (romanization)
хүлээн- (stem)
хүлээнген (indefinite past)
хүлээнмес (negative)

/xʏˌlɛːˈnɪr/

From хүлээ- (xülee-, “to accept”) + -н (-n, “reflexive suffix”) + -ир (-ir).


хүлээдир

head

хүлээдир • (xüleedir) (stem хүлээт-, indefinite past хүлээткен, negative хүлээтпес)

xüleedir (romanization)
хүлээт- (stem)
хүлээткен (indefinite past)
хүлээтпес (negative)

From хүлээ- (xülee-, “to accept”) + -т (-t, “causative suffix”) + -ир (-ir).

suf

(transitive) to make take responsibility


сонуургаар

head

сонуургаар • (sonuurgaar) (stem сонуурга-, indefinite past сонуургаан, negative сонуургавас)

sonuurgaar (romanization)
сонуурга- (stem)
сонуургаан (indefinite past)
сонуургавас (negative)

/sɔˌnʊːrˈɢaːr/

From Classical Mongolian ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ (sonirqaqu). Cognate with Mongolian сонирхох (sonirxox).


хүлээр

head

хүлээр • (xüleer) (stem хүлээ-, indefinite past хүлээген, negative хүлээвес)

xüleer (romanization)
хүлээ- (stem)
хүлээген (indefinite past)
хүлээвес (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ (küliyekü), from Proto-Mongolic *küli- (“to wait”). Cognate with Mongolian хүлээх (xüleex, “to wait; to accept”).


оттур

head

оттур • (ottur) (stem одун-, indefinite past одунган, negative одунмас)

ottur (romanization)
одун- (stem)
одунган (indefinite past)
одунмас (negative)
оттур (future indicative)
оттур (first-person singular)
одунмас (first-person negative plural)
одунмас (first-person negative singular)
оттур (second-person singular)
одунмас (negative plural second-person)
одунмас (negative second-person singular)
оттур
одунмас (negative plural third-person)
одунмас (negative)
одунган (indicative past past-i)
одунган (first-person singular)
одунмаан (first-person negative plural)
одунмаан (first-person negative singular)
одунган (second-person singular)
одунмаан (negative plural second-person)
одунмаан (negative second-person singular)
одунган
одунмаан (negative plural third-person)
одунмаан (negative)
одуннум (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
одуннувус (first-person plural third-person)
одунмадум (first-person negative singular)
одунмадувус (first-person negative plural third-person)
одуннуң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
одуннуңар (plural second-person third-person)
одунмадуң (negative second-person singular)
одунмадуңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
одунну (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
одуннулар (plural third-person)
одунмаду (negative singular third-person)
одунмадулар (negative plural third-person)
одунжай (resultative singular third-person)
одунжай (first-person singular third-person)
одунжай (second-person singular third-person)
одунжай (plural third-person)
одуннумза (conditional first-person singular)
одуннувусса (first-person plural third-person)
одунмазымза (first-person negative singular)
одунмазывусса (first-person negative plural third-person)
одуннуңза (conditional second-person singular)
одуннуңарза (plural second-person third-person)
одунмазыңза (negative second-person singular)
одунмазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
одунна (conditional singular third-person)
одунмаза (negative singular third-person)
одунмазылар (negative plural third-person)
одуннур (evidential singular third-person)
одуннур (first-person singular third-person)
одунмадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
одунмадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
одуннур (second-person singular third-person)
одунмадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
одунмадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
одуннур (plural third-person)
одунмадыр (negative plural third-person)
одунгай (optative singular third-person)
одунгай (first-person singular third-person)
одунмагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
одунмагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
одунгай (second-person singular third-person)
одунмагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
одунмагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
одунгай (plural third-person)
одунмагай (negative plural third-person)
одунайн (first-person imperative singular)
одунулыңар (first-person plural third-person)
одунмайн (first-person negative singular)
одунмалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
одун (imperative second-person singular)
одунуңар (plural second-person third-person)
одунма (negative second-person singular)
одунмаңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
одуннун (imperative singular third-person)
одуннуннар (plural third-person)
одунмазын (negative singular third-person)
одунмазыннар (negative plural third-person)
оттур (future participle third-person)
одунмас (future negative participle third-person)
одунган (participle past past-i third-person)
одунмаан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
одунап (converb third-person)
одуна (converb third-person)
одунгаш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *od- (“to wake up”). Cognate with Turkish uyanmak.


хорадаар

хорадаар • (xoradaar) (stem хорада-, indefinite past хорадаан, negative хорадавас)

xoradaar (romanization)
хорада- (stem)
хорадаан (indefinite past)
хорадавас (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ (qooradaqu). Cognate with Mongolian хордох (xordox, “to begrudge”).


ыглаар

head

ыглаар • (ıglaar) (stem ыгла-, indefinite past ыглаан, negative ыглавас)

ıglaar (romanization)
ыгла- (stem)
ыглаан (indefinite past)
ыглавас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *jɨ̄g-(la-) (“to cry”). Cognate with Turkish ağlamak.


харыылаар

харыылаар • (xarıılaar) (stem харыыла-, indefinite past харыылаан, negative харылавас)

xarıılaar (romanization)
харыыла- (stem)
харыылаан (indefinite past)
харылавас (negative)

From харыы (xarıı, “answer”) + -ла (-la) + -ар (-ar).


чадаар

head

чадаар • (çadaar) (stem чада-, indefinite past чадаан, negative чадавас)

çadaar (romanization)
чада- (stem)
чадаан (indefinite past)
чадавас (negative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ (čidaqu). Cognate with Mongolian чадах (čadax, “to be able”).

Ону кылып чадап кагдым.

Олар келбес чадавас боор.

Бис удавас ужуражыр чадавас бис.

(auxiliary, in the negative) Indicates possibility or probability; perhaps, possibly, might, maybe


тодар

тодар • (todar) (stem тот-, indefinite past тоткан, negative тотпас)

todar (romanization)
тот- (stem)
тоткан (indefinite past)
тотпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tod- (“become satiated, full”). Cognate with Turkish doymak.


согар

head

согар • (sogar) (stem сок-, indefinite past соккан, negative сокпас)

sogar (romanization)
сок- (stem)
соккан (indefinite past)
сокпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *sok- (“to hit, beat”).


ойнап

ойна- ойнаар#Tuvan

modal converb of ойна- (oyna-, “to play”, affirmative stem)


кезер

From Proto-Turkic *kes- (“to cut”). Cognate with Southern Altai кезер (kezer), Kazakh кесу (kesu), Kyrgyz кесүү (kesüü), Kumyk гесмек (gesmek), Azerbaijani kəsmək, Turkish kesmek, Khakas кизерге (kizerge), Shor кезерге, Western Yugur kes-, etc.

cog

Shor кезерге


чылгаар

head

чылгаар • (çılgaar) (stem чилга-)

tyv-verb

чылгаар • (çılgaar) (stem чилга-)

çılgaar (romanization)
чилга- (stem)
чылгаар (future indicative)
чылгаар (first-person singular)
чилгавас (first-person negative plural)
чилгавас (first-person negative singular)
чылгаар (second-person singular)
чилгавас (negative plural second-person)
чилгавас (negative second-person singular)
чылгаар
чилгавас (negative plural third-person)
чилгавас (negative)
чилгаан (indicative past past-i)
чилгаан (first-person singular)
чилгаваан (first-person negative plural)
чилгаваан (first-person negative singular)
чилгаан (second-person singular)
чилгаваан (negative plural second-person)
чилгаваан (negative second-person singular)
чилгаан
чилгаваан (negative plural third-person)
чилгаваан (negative)
чилгадым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
чилгадывыс (first-person plural third-person)
чилгавадым (first-person negative singular)
чилгавадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
чилгадың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
чилгадыңар (plural second-person third-person)
чилгавадың (negative second-person singular)
чилгавадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чилгады (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
чилгадылар (plural third-person)
чилгавады (negative singular third-person)
чилгавадылар (negative plural third-person)
чилгажай (resultative singular third-person)
чилгажай (first-person singular third-person)
чилгажай (second-person singular third-person)
чилгажай (plural third-person)
чилгазымза (conditional first-person singular)
чилгазывысса (first-person plural third-person)
чилгавазымза (first-person negative singular)
чилгавазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
чилгазыңза (conditional second-person singular)
чилгазыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
чилгавазыңза (negative second-person singular)
чилгавазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
чилгаза (conditional singular third-person)
чилгазылар (plural third-person)
чилгаваза (negative singular third-person)
чилгавазылар (negative plural third-person)
чилгадыр (evidential singular third-person)
чилгадыр (first-person singular third-person)
чилгавадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
чилгавадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
чилгадыр (second-person singular third-person)
чилгавадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
чилгавадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
чилгадыр (plural third-person)
чилгавадыр (negative plural third-person)
чилгагай (optative singular third-person)
чилгагай (first-person singular third-person)
чилгавагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
чилгавагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
чилгагай (second-person singular third-person)
чилгавагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
чилгавагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
чилгагай (plural third-person)
чилгавагай (negative plural third-person)
чилгайн (first-person imperative singular)
чилгалыңар (first-person plural third-person)
чилгавайн (first-person negative singular)
чилгавалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
чилга (imperative second-person singular)
чилгаңар (plural second-person third-person)
чилгава (negative second-person singular)
чилгаваңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чилгазын (imperative singular third-person)
чилгазыннар (plural third-person)
чилгавазын (negative singular third-person)
чилгавазыннар (negative plural third-person)
чылгаар (future participle third-person)
чилгавас (future negative participle third-person)
чилгаан (participle past past-i third-person)
чилгаваан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
чилгап (converb third-person)
чилгай (converb third-person)
чилгааш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *yālga- ("to lick"). Cognate with Turkish yalamak and Yakut салаа (salaa).


агып

head

агып • (agıp)

modal converb of ак- (ak-, “to flow”, affirmative stem)


удуп

уду- удуур#Tuvan

modal converb of уду- (udu-, “to sleep”, affirmative stem)


амыдыраарыңарны

амыдыраарыңарны • (amıdıraarıñarnı)

амыдыраар амыдыраар#Tuvan

definite accusative of second-person plural possession of амыдыраар (amıdıraar, “to live”, as a substantive)


өлүп калыр

өлүп калыр • (ölüp kalır)

tyv-verb

өлүп калыр • (ölüp kalır)

Compare Southern Altai ӧлӱп калар (ölüp kalar).

өлүр өлүр#Tuvan

compound perfective of өлүр (ölür, “to die”)


дуглаар

head

дуглаар • (duglaar) (stem дугла-, indefinite past дуглаан, negative дуглавас)

duglaar (romanization)
дугла- (stem)
дуглаан (indefinite past)
дуглавас (negative)

Inherited from Common Turkic *tūgla- ~ *tōgla- (“to obstruct, close”). Cognate with Karakhanid تُغْلاماقْ (tuğlāmāq ~ toğlāmāq, “to close”).