кижи

head

кижи • (kiji) (definite accusative кижини, plural кижилер)

kiji (romanization)
кижини (accusative definite)
кижилер (plural)
кижи (nominative singular)
кижилер (nominative plural)
кижиниң (genitive singular)
кижилерниң (genitive plural)
кижини (accusative singular)
кижилерни (accusative plural)
кижиге (dative singular)
кижилерге (dative plural)
кижиде (locative singular)
кижилерде (locative plural)
кижиден (ablative singular)
кижилерден (ablative plural)
кижиже (prolative singular)
кижилерже (plural prolative)
кижидиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кижилердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кижим (nominative possessive singular)
кижилерим (nominative plural possessive)
кижимниң (genitive possessive singular)
кижилеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
кижимни (accusative possessive singular)
кижилеримни (accusative plural possessive)
кижимге (dative possessive singular)
кижилеримге (dative plural possessive)
кижимде (locative possessive singular)
кижилеримде (locative plural possessive)
кижимден (ablative possessive singular)
кижилеримден (ablative plural possessive)
кижимже (possessive prolative singular)
кижилеримже (plural possessive prolative)
кижимдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кижилеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

кижилеримниң

кижилеримден

кижилеримдиве

From Proto-Turkic *kiĺi (“person, people”). Cognate to Turkish kişi (“person”).

эр кижи


кыш

head

кыш • (kış) (definite accusative кышты, plural кыштар)

kış (romanization)
кышты (accusative definite)
кыштар (plural)


сарлык

сарлык • (sarlık) (definite accusative сарлыкты, plural сарлыктар)

sarlık (romanization)
сарлыкты (accusative definite)
сарлыктар (plural)

Cognate with Southern Altai сарлык (sarlïk), Khakas сарлых (sarlıx); probably borrowed into Mongolic languages such as Mongolian сарлаг (sarlag).
Derived by Bazin from *сар (*sar, “butter”) + -лык (-lık), deriving the former from саржаг (sarjag, “butter”).
However Stachowski rejects this etymology, and connects the word to Southern Altai сарадак (saradak, “a year old wapiti fawn”) (and cognates), which he ultimately derives ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čara.
Thus the word would be a doublet of шары (şarı, “ox”), however Tuvan ш- (ş-) is usually taken to be the regular reflex of Proto-Turkic *č- rather than Tuvan с- (s-).


кыс

head

кыс • (kıs) (definite accusative кысты, plural кыстар)

kıs (romanization)
кысты (accusative definite)
кыстар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl, woman”). Cognate with Turkish kız, Chuvash хӗр (hĕr).

Чаа-Хөлдүң хаяң кыстары дег хаяң / Чараш кыстар хаяң көрбээн-не мен хаяң

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Хаяң”, in Divine music from the jail:

How I've never seen girls / As beautiful as Chaa-Khol's girls

Çaa-Xöldüñ xayañ kıstarı deg xayañ / Çaraş kıstar xayañ körbeen-ne men xayañ


кыс

кыс дагаа


күс

күс • (küs) (definite accusative күстү, plural күстер)

küs (romanization)
күстү (accusative definite)
күстер (plural)

From Old Turkic [script needed] (küz), from Proto-Turkic *kǖŕ (“autumn”).


эзер

эзер • (ezer) (definite accusative эзерни, plural эзерлер)

ezer (romanization)
эзерни (accusative definite)
эзерлер (plural)

From Common Turkic *ēder (“saddle”).
Cognate with
Kazakh ер (er), Kyrgyz ээр (eer), Uzbek egar, Uyghur ئېگەر (ëger), Azerbaijani yəhər, Turkish eyer, Khakas изер (izer), Shor эзер (ezer), Bashkir эйәр (eyər) etc.


тик

From Mongolic (whence also modern Mongolian тэг (teg, “zero”)), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tēk (“odd, only, solitary”).


бис

From Proto-Turkic *bi-ŕ (“we”). Cognate to Turkish biz (“we”).

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


телег

head

телег • (teleg) (definite accusative телегни, plural телеглер)

teleg (romanization)
телегни (accusative definite)
телеглер (plural)

Compare Written Oirat ᡐᡄᠯᡄᡊᡎᡉᡉᡑ (telenggüüd, plural with -güüd) and Southern Altai телеҥит (teleŋit).

nc

a Telengit, an Altaian, or a Teleut (person)


чаш

head

чаш • (çaş) (definite accusative чашты, plural чаштар)

çaş (romanization)
чашты (accusative definite)
чаштар (plural)
чаш (nominative singular)
чаштар (nominative plural)
чаштың (genitive singular)
чаштарның (genitive plural)
чашты (accusative singular)
чаштарны (accusative plural)
чашка (dative singular)
чаштарга (dative plural)
чашта (locative singular)
чаштарда (locative plural)
чаштан (ablative singular)
чаштардан (ablative plural)
чашче (prolative singular)
чаштарже (plural prolative)
чаштыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
чаштардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
чашым (nominative possessive singular)
чаштарым (nominative plural possessive)
чашымның (genitive possessive singular)
чаштарымның (genitive plural possessive)
чашымны (accusative possessive singular)
чаштарымны (accusative plural possessive)
чашымга (dative possessive singular)
чаштарымга (dative plural possessive)
чашымда (locative possessive singular)
чаштарымда (locative plural possessive)
чашымдан (ablative possessive singular)
чаштарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
чашымже (possessive prolative singular)
чаштарымже (plural possessive prolative)
чашымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
чаштарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

чаштарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *jāĺ (“tear”). Cognate with Khakas час (ças), Southern Altai јаш (ǰaš), Kazakh жас (jas), Turkish yaş.


чаш

From Proto-Turkic *jāĺ (“young”). Cognate with Turkish yaş (“fresh”).


чаш

First person singular possessive forms

чаштарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *s(i)ač (“hair”). Cognate with Turkish saç (“hair”).


орта

Compare Tofa оърта (o̰rta); Azerbaijani orada (“there”) and Turkish orada (“there”).


эрги

From Proto-Turkic *es-(kü) (“old, ancient”). Cognate with Turkish eski (“old”).

Мээң эрги адрезимче бижиңер.


тоску

tosku (romanization)
9-ку (abbreviation)

From тос (tos, “nine”) + -ку (-ku, “adjectival suffix”).


орту

head

орту • (ortu) (definite accusative ортуну, plural ортулар)

ortu (romanization)
ортуну (accusative definite)
ортулар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *or- (“middle”). Cognate with Turkish orta (“middle”).

Арыгның ортузунда оймак бар.

There's a glade in the middle of the forest.


аар

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïr (“heavy”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰍𐰃𐰺 (aɣïr), Turkish ağır, Uzbek ogʻir, Bashkir ауыр (awır) and Yakut ыар (ıar).


хөл

head

хөл • (xöl) (definite accusative хөлдү, plural хөлдер)

xöl (romanization)
хөлдү (accusative definite)
хөлдер (plural)
хөл (nominative singular)
хөлдер (nominative plural)
хөлдүң (genitive singular)
хөлдерниң (genitive plural)
хөлдү (accusative singular)
хөлдерни (accusative plural)
хөлге (dative singular)
хөлдерге (dative plural)
хөлде (locative singular)
хөлдерде (locative plural)
хөлден (ablative singular)
хөлдерден (ablative plural)
хөлже (prolative singular)
хөлдерже (plural prolative)
хөлдүве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
хөлдердүве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
хөлүм (nominative possessive singular)
хөлдерим (nominative plural possessive)
хөлүмнүң (genitive possessive singular)
хөлдеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
хөлүмнү (accusative possessive singular)
хөлдеримни (accusative plural possessive)
хөлүмге (dative possessive singular)
хөлдеримге (dative plural possessive)
хөлүмде (locative possessive singular)
хөлдеримде (locative plural possessive)
хөлүмден (ablative possessive singular)
хөлдеримден (ablative plural possessive)
хөлүмже (possessive prolative singular)
хөлдеримже (plural possessive prolative)
хөлүмдүве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
хөлдеримдүве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

хөлдеримдүве

From Proto-Turkic *kȫl (“lake”). Cognate with Turkish göl (“lake”).


ээ

head

ээ • (ee) (definite accusative ээни, plural ээлер)

ee (romanization)
ээни (accusative definite)
ээлер (plural)
ээ (nominative singular)
ээлер (nominative plural)
ээниң (genitive singular)
ээлерниң (genitive plural)
ээни (accusative singular)
ээлерни (accusative plural)
ээге (dative singular)
ээлерге (dative plural)
ээде (locative singular)
ээлерде (locative plural)
ээден (ablative singular)
ээлерден (ablative plural)
ээже (prolative singular)
ээлерже (plural prolative)
ээдиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
ээлердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
ээм (nominative possessive singular)
ээлерим (nominative plural possessive)
ээмниң (genitive possessive singular)
ээлеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
ээмни (accusative possessive singular)
ээлеримни (accusative plural possessive)
ээмге (dative possessive singular)
ээлеримге (dative plural possessive)
ээмде (locative possessive singular)
ээлеримде (locative plural possessive)
ээмден (ablative possessive singular)
ээлеримден (ablative plural possessive)
ээмже (possessive prolative singular)
ээлеримже (plural possessive prolative)
ээмдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
ээлеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *Edi (“host”), possibly through Written Oirat ᠡ (ee). Cognate with Mongolian эзэн (ezen), Turkish iye.

Ээзи эжикти ажыдар билек, ыт дашкаар үне халаан.

As soon as its owner opened the door, the dog rushed outside.

Eezi ejikti ajıdar bilek, ıt daşkaar üne xalaan.

owner (person who holds something as his property)


дөө

From Proto-Turkic *ti- (“that”). Cognate with Yakut ити (iti, “that”).

Бо даг дөө дагдан бедик.

This mountain is taller than that mountain.

(demonstrative) that (far from the speaker and listener)


чүү

From its earlier form *če-gü, from Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”). Possibly influenced by Mongolian уу (uu, “what”).

Бөгүн кежээ чүнү кылыр силер?


улус

head

улус • (ulus) (definite accusative улусту, plural улустар)

ulus (romanization)
улусту (accusative definite)
улустар (plural)

Borrowed from Mongolic, from Proto-Turkic *ulu-ĺ (“country, city”). Compare Kalmyk улс (uls, “people”) and Mongolian улс (uls, “state, country; people”).

nc

Шөлде улус аажок хөй.


чанар

head

чанар • (çanar)

tyv-verb

чанар • (çanar)

From Proto-Turkic *jAn (“to turn back; again”). Cognate to Turkish yine (“again”).

inh

Мээң чанар үем келди.


кыры

head

кыры • (kırı) (definite accusative кырыны, plural кырылар)

kırı (romanization)
кырыны (accusative definite)
кырылар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kar, *karɨ (“forearm”), commonly connected with Proto-Mongolic *gar (“hand”) or Proto-Tungusic *gara (“branch, bough”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (qarï), Kazakh қар (qar), Mongolian гар (gar), Evenki гара (gara).


аза

аза • (aza) (definite accusative азаны, plural азалар)

aza (romanization)
азаны (accusative definite)
азалар (plural)
аза (nominative singular)
азалар (nominative plural)
азаның (genitive singular)
азаларның (genitive plural)
азаны (accusative singular)
азаларны (accusative plural)
азага (dative singular)
азаларга (dative plural)
азада (locative singular)
азаларда (locative plural)
азадан (ablative singular)
азалардан (ablative plural)
азаже (prolative singular)
азаларже (plural prolative)
азадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
азалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
азам (nominative possessive singular)
азаларым (nominative plural possessive)
азамның (genitive possessive singular)
азаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
азамны (accusative possessive singular)
азаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
азамга (dative possessive singular)
азаларымга (dative plural possessive)
азамда (locative possessive singular)
азаларымда (locative plural possessive)
азамдан (ablative possessive singular)
азаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
азамже (possessive prolative singular)
азаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
азамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
азаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

азаларымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *Ada (“danger”). Cognate with Southern Altai аза (aza), Shor айна, Khakas айна (ayna), Tatar aza.


мында

head

мында • (mında)


ону

accusative of ол (ol, “he, she, it; that”)


суг

суг • (sug) (definite accusative сугну, plural суглар)

sug (romanization)
сугну (accusative definite)
суглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *sɨb, *sub (“water”). Cognate with Northern Altai суг (sug), суу (suu), Shor суғ, Western Yugur su, etc.


оглу

оол оол#Tuvan

third-person singular possessed nominative of оол (ool)


оол

оол • (ool) (definite accusative оолду, plural оолдар)

ool (romanization)
оолду (accusative definite)
оолдар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ogul (“son”).
Cognate with Azerbaijani oğul, Bashkir ул (ul), Crimean Tatar oğul, Gagauz ool, Kyrgyz уул (uul), Old Turkic [script needed] (ogul, “son”), Tatar ул (ul) Turkish oğul, Turkmen ogul, Uyghur ئوغۇل (oghul), Uzbek oʻgʻil, Yakut уол (uol).


арга

head

арга • (arga) (definite accusative арганы, plural аргалар)

arga (romanization)
арганы (accusative definite)
аргалар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ărka (“back”). Originally referred to the slope behind a mountain. Due to the humidity of the northern side of Tuvan mountains which made them abundant with trees, this word eventually became synonymous with mountainous forests in general. Compare Tofa арha (“northern slope of a mountain”).
Semantic development: "back" → "back of a mountain" → "mountainous forest".


арга

From Classical Mongolian ᠠᠷᠭᠠ (arg-a). Cognate with Mongolian арга (arga).


оран

head

оран • (oran) (definite accusative оранны, plural ораннар)

oran (romanization)
оранны (accusative definite)
ораннар (plural)
оран (nominative singular)
ораннар (nominative plural)
оранның (genitive singular)
ораннарның (genitive plural)
оранны (accusative singular)
ораннарны (accusative plural)
оранга (dative singular)
ораннарга (dative plural)
оранда (locative singular)
ораннарда (locative plural)
орандан (ablative singular)
ораннардан (ablative plural)
оранже (prolative singular)
ораннарже (plural prolative)
орандыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
ораннардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
ораным (nominative possessive singular)
ораннарым (nominative plural possessive)
оранымның (genitive possessive singular)
ораннарымның (genitive plural possessive)
оранымны (accusative possessive singular)
ораннарымны (accusative plural possessive)
оранымга (dative possessive singular)
ораннарымга (dative plural possessive)
оранымда (locative possessive singular)
ораннарымда (locative plural possessive)
оранымдан (ablative possessive singular)
ораннарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
оранымже (possessive prolative singular)
ораннарымже (plural possessive prolative)
оранымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
ораннарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

ораннарымның

ораннарымдан

ораннарымдыва

From Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠨ (orun), from Proto-Mongolic *oran (“place”). Cognate with Mongolian орон (oron).


тей

head

тей • (tey) (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])


кыр

кыр • (kır) (definite accusative кырны, plural кырлар)

kır (romanization)
кырны (accusative definite)
кырлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kïr (“mountain”).
Various postpositional senses are attested in Kumyk къыр (qır), dialectal Tatar кыр (qır) and Turkish kır.


кыр

Стол кырында лампа хып тур.


дээш

дээш • (deeş)

tyv-postp

дээш • (deeş)

From дээр (deer, “to say”) + -геш (-geş, “suffix indicating posterity; after”).

suffix

Силерниң-биле чугаалажыр дээш келдим.

Озалдаан дээш өршээп көрүңер.


дээш

head

дээш • (deeş)

дээр дээр#Tuvan


омааш

омааш • (omaaş) (definite accusative омаашты, plural омааштар)

omaaş (romanization)
омаашты (accusative definite)
омааштар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *omač.
Compare Shor омаш (omaš, “scoop,bucket”).


ирги

Балык кайда садып турар ирги?


чаг

чаг • (çag) (definite accusative чагны, plural чаглар)

çag (romanization)
чагны (accusative definite)
чаглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yāg (“fat”).
list of cognates
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (yag), Old Turkic [script needed] (yag), Khakas чағ (çağ), Shor чағ, Yakut сыа (sıa), Karachay-Balkar джау (cau), Kumyk яв (yaw), Dialectal Kyrgyz жоо (joo, “fat”), Southern Altai јуу (ǰuu), Uzbek yogʻ, Uyghur ياغ (yagh), Azerbaijani yağ,
Salar [script needed] (yağ), Turkmen ýag, Turkish yağ , Chuvash ҫу (śu) etc.


эрткен үе

эрткен үелер

эрткен үе • (ertken üe) (definite accusative эрткен үени, plural эрткен үелер)

ertken üe (romanization)
эрткен үени (accusative definite)
эрткен үелер (plural)


ийин

Шагым чок-тур ийин.


барыын

барыын • (barıın)

tyv-adj

барыын • (barıın)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *baraɣun (“righthand side, west”). Cognate with Mongolian баруун (baruun, “right; west”).


Кыдат

head

Кыдат • (Kıdat)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᡅᡐᠠᡑ pl (kitad, “the Chinese; China”); ultimately from Khitan.

bor

Кыдат Улус Республика

Кыдат Республика


коңга

head

коңга • (koñga) (definite accusative коңганы, plural коңгалар)

koñga (romanization)
коңганы (accusative definite)
коңгалар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *Koŋra- (“bell”). Cognate with Bashkir ҡыңғырау (qıñğıraw), Kazakh қоңырау (qoñyrau), Kyrgyz коңгуроо (koŋguroo), Uzbek qo'ngi'roq.


хем

хем • (xem) (definite accusative хемни, plural хемнер)

xem (romanization)
хемни (accusative definite)
хемнер (plural)

From Proto-Yeniseian *kVm. Compare Kott kem (“river”). Compare Tofa һем (hem). Compare Middle Mongol [Term?], Middle Chinese 謙 (*kʰem, “Yenisei”), and also Written Oirat ᡍᡄᡏ (kem).


өкпе

өкпе • (ökpe) (definite accusative өкпени, plural өкпелер)

ökpe (romanization)
өкпени (accusative definite)
өкпелер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *öpke (“lung”). Cognate with Bashkir үпкә (üpkə), Uzbek oʻpka, Turkmen öýken, Uyghur ئۆپكە (öpke), Kyrgyz өпкө (öpkö), Southern Altai ӧкпӧ (ökpö), etc.


башкыш

башкыш • (başkış) (definite accusative башкышты, plural башкыштар)

başkış (romanization)
башкышты (accusative definite)
башкыштар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *bAs-kïč (“stairway”).
Cognate with Khakas пасхыс (pasxıs),
Bashkir баҫҡыс (baśqıs),
Kazakh басқыш (basqyş), Kyrgyz баскыч (baskıc, “footstep, ladder”),
Tatar баскыч (baskıç), Uzbek bosqich (“stage”) etc.


ижер

head

ижер • (ijer) (stem иш-, indefinite past ишкен, negative ишпес)

ijer (romanization)
иш- (stem)
ишкен (indefinite past)
ишпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ič- (“to drink”). Cognate with Turkish içmek.

Ишпес мен.


чер

чер • (çer) (definite accusative черни, plural черлер)

çer (romanization)
черни (accusative definite)
черлер (plural)
чер (nominative singular)
черлер (nominative plural)
черниң (genitive singular)
черлерниң (genitive plural)
черни (accusative singular)
черлерни (accusative plural)
черге (dative singular)
черлерге (dative plural)
черде (locative singular)
черлерде (locative plural)
черден (ablative singular)
черлерден (ablative plural)
черже (prolative singular)
черлерже (plural prolative)
чердиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
черлердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
черим (nominative possessive singular)
черлерим (nominative plural possessive)
черимниң (genitive possessive singular)
черлеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
черимни (accusative possessive singular)
черлеримни (accusative plural possessive)
черимге (dative possessive singular)
черлеримге (dative plural possessive)
черимде (locative possessive singular)
черлеримде (locative plural possessive)
черимден (ablative possessive singular)
черлеримден (ablative plural possessive)
черимже (possessive prolative singular)
черлеримже (plural possessive prolative)
черимдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
черлеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

черлеримдиве

From Proto-Turkic *yẹr (“land, Earth”). Cognate with Kazakh жер (jer), Khakas чир (çir), Yakut сир (sir), Turkish yer.

Ол чаңгыс черге чурттай албас.


бажа

From Proto-Turkic *bāča (“elder sister; husband of sisters”).


чыдар

head

чыдар • (çıdar) (stem чыт-, indefinite past чыткан, negative чытпас)

çıdar (romanization)
чыт- (stem)
чыткан (indefinite past)
чытпас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *jat- (“to lie, to sleep”). Cognate with Kazakh жату (jatu), Shor чадарға, Turkish yatmak, Yakut сыт (sıt).

cog

Shor чадарға

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is lying down or otherwise stationary.

Хар мөңгүн дег кылаңайнып чыдыр.

(auxiliary, чыдыр + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is lying down or otherwise stationary.


чүг

head

чүг • (çüg) (definite accusative чүгнү, plural чүглер)

çüg (romanization)
чүгнү (accusative definite)
чүглер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yǖg. Cognates with Khakas чӱг (çüg), Western Yugur yüɣï; Karakhanid [script needed] (yǖg).


чүгүрер

чүгүрер • (çügürer) (stem чүгүр-, indefinite past чүгүрген, negative чүгүрбес)

çügürer (romanization)
чүгүр- (stem)
чүгүрген (indefinite past)
чүгүрбес (negative)


байы-

From Proto-Turkic *bāj-a-; equivalent to бай (bay, “rich”) + -ы- (-ı-, denominal verb suffix). Cognate with Khakas пайы- (payı-), Southern Altai байы- (bayï-), Kazakh байы- (baiy-), etc.

suffix

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan


ырлаар

Morphologically ыр (ır, “song”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar). Cognate with Yakut ыллаа (ıllaa).


ырладыр

head

ырладыр • (ırladır) (stem ырлат-)

Morphologically from ырла- (ırla-, “to sing”) + -дыр (-dır).


байыыр

байыыр • (bayıır) (stem байы-, indefinite past байаан, negative байывас)

bayıır (romanization)
байы- (stem)
байаан (indefinite past)
байывас (negative)
байыыр (future indicative)
байыыр (first-person singular)
байывас (first-person negative plural)
байывас (first-person negative singular)
байыыр (second-person singular)
байывас (negative plural second-person)
байывас (negative second-person singular)
байыыр
байывас (negative plural third-person)
байывас (negative)
байаан (indicative past past-i)
байаан (first-person singular)
байываан (first-person negative plural)
байываан (first-person negative singular)
байаан (second-person singular)
байываан (negative plural second-person)
байываан (negative second-person singular)
байаан
байываан (negative plural third-person)
байываан (negative)
байыдым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
байыдывыс (first-person plural third-person)
байывадым (first-person negative singular)
байывадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
байыдың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
байыдыңар (plural second-person third-person)
байывадың (negative second-person singular)
байывадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
байыды (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
байыдылар (plural third-person)
байывады (negative singular third-person)
байывадылар (negative plural third-person)
байыжай (resultative singular third-person)
байыжай (first-person singular third-person)
байыжай (second-person singular third-person)
байыжай (plural third-person)
байызымза (conditional first-person singular)
байызывысса (first-person plural third-person)
байывазымза (first-person negative singular)
байывазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
байызыңза (conditional second-person singular)
байызыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
байывазыңза (negative second-person singular)
байывазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
байыза (conditional singular third-person)
байызылар (plural third-person)
байываза (negative singular third-person)
байывазылар (negative plural third-person)
байыдыр (evidential singular third-person)
байыдыр (first-person singular third-person)
байывадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
байывадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
байыдыр (second-person singular third-person)
байывадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
байывадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
байыдыр (plural third-person)
байывадыр (negative plural third-person)
байыгай (optative singular third-person)
байыгай (first-person singular third-person)
байывагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
байывагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
байыгай (second-person singular third-person)
байывагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
байывагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
байыгай (plural third-person)
байывагай (negative plural third-person)
байыйн (first-person imperative singular)
байылыңар (first-person plural third-person)
байывайн (first-person negative singular)
байывалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
байы (imperative second-person singular)
байыңар (plural second-person third-person)
байыва (negative second-person singular)
байываңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
байызын (imperative singular third-person)
байызыннар (plural third-person)
байывазын (negative singular third-person)
байывазыннар (negative plural third-person)
байыыр (future participle third-person)
байывас (future negative participle third-person)
байаан (participle past past-i third-person)
байываан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
байып (converb third-person)
байый (converb third-person)
байааш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *bāyu-; equivalent to бай (bay, “rich”) + -ы- (-ı-, denominal verbal suffix) + -ыр (-ır, infinitive suffix).
Cognate with Khakas пайирға (payirğa),Southern Altai байыыр (bayïïr), Kyrgyz баюу (bayuu), Kazakh баю (baü), etc.

suf

Тос-ла чүзүн малымайны / Доруктурза, байыыр-ла мен

1921, Ayana Samiyayevna Mongush (lyrics and music), “Tooruktug Dolgai Tangdym”:

My livestock of nine colours / If I breed them, I will grow rich

Tos-la çüzün malımaynı / Dorukturza, bayıır-la men


чаңгыс

head

чаңгыс • (çañgıs)

tyv-adj

чаңгыс • (çañgıs)

From Proto-Turkic *yalïŋ (“lone, solitary; naked”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (jalïŋus, “sole, only”), Old Uyghur [script needed] (jalŋuz, “sole, only”), Bashkir яңғыҙ (yañğıź, “lonely”), Tatar ялгыз (yalgız, “lonely”), Kazakh жалғыз (jalğyz, “lonely”), Southern Altai јаҥыс (ǰaŋïs, “lone, only, lonely”), Turkish yalnız (“lonely”).

cog

Бо кижи мээң-биле чаңгыс черде ажылдап турар.

This person works at the same place as me.

Bo kiji meeñ-bile çañgıs çerde ajıldap turar.


тывалаар

head

тывалаар • (tıvalaar) (stem тывала-, indefinite past тывалаан, negative тывалавас)

tıvalaar (romanization)
тывала- (stem)
тывалаан (indefinite past)
тывалавас (negative)

From тыва (tıva, “Tuvan”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


буряттаар

head

буряттаар • (buryattaar) (stem бурятта-)

buryattaar (romanization)
бурятта- (stem)

/buɾʲɑˑtːɑːɾ/

From бурят (buryat, “Buryat”) + -ла- (-la-).


кыдаттаар

кыдаттаар • (kıdattaar) (stem кыдатта-)

tyv-verb

кыдаттаар • (kıdattaar) (stem кыдатта-)

kıdattaar (romanization)
кыдатта- (stem)

/k̠ɤdɑtːɑːɾ/

From кыдат (kıdat, “Chinese”) + -ла- (-la-).


байы

head

байы • (bayı)

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of байыыр (bayıır)


тарыыр мен

тарыыр мен • (tarıır men)

тарыыр тарыыр#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тарыыр (tarıır)


тывала

тывала • (tıvala)

тывалаар тывалаар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тывалаар (tıvalaar)


тывалаар мен

тывалаар мен • (tıvalaar men)

тывалаар тывалаар#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тывалаар (tıvalaar)


байыыр мен

байыыр мен • (bayıır men)

байыыр байыыр#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of байыыр (bayıır)


республиказы

республиказы • (respublikazı)

From республика (respublika) + -зы (-zı).

республика республика#Tuvan

third-person possessive of республика (respublika)


тодар мен

тодар тодар#Tuvan

first-person singular present-future of тодар (todar)


агаар

агаар • (agaar) (definite accusative агаарны, plural агаарлар)

agaar (romanization)
агаарны (accusative definite)
агаарлар (plural)

Borrowed from a Mongolic language, ultimately from Proto-Mongolic [Term?] (“air”).


буруу

буруу • (buruu) (definite accusative бурууну, plural буруулар)

buruu (romanization)
бурууну (accusative definite)
буруулар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *buruɣu (“wrong, bad”). Cognate with Mongolian буруу (buruu, “wrong”).


моол

моол • (mool) (definite accusative моолду, plural моолдар)

mool (romanization)
моолду (accusative definite)
моолдар (plural)

From earlier *moƣul. Ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol).

моол дыл

Mongol (person)
(attributive) Mongol, Mongolian


Кара-оол

[k̠ɐ.ɾɐ o̞ːɫ]

Compare Khakas Хароол (Xarool); Mongolian Хархүү (Xarxüü); etc.


боолаар

From боо (boo, “gun”) + -лаар (-laar, denominal verb-forming suffix). Compare also Mongolian буудах (buudax).


кара-бажың

head

кара-бажыңны

кара-бажыңнар

кара-бажың • (kara-bajıñ) (definite accusative кара-бажыңны, plural кара-бажыңнар)

kara-bajıñ (romanization)
кара-бажыңны (accusative definite)
кара-бажыңнар (plural)
кара-бажың (nominative singular)
кара-бажыңнар (nominative plural)
кара-бажыңның (genitive singular)
кара-бажыңнарның (genitive plural)
кара-бажыңны (accusative singular)
кара-бажыңнарны (accusative plural)
кара-бажыңга (dative singular)
кара-бажыңнарга (dative plural)
кара-бажыңда (locative singular)
кара-бажыңнарда (locative plural)
кара-бажыңдан (ablative singular)
кара-бажыңнардан (ablative plural)
кара-бажыңже (prolative singular)
кара-бажыңнарже (plural prolative)
кара-бажыңдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кара-бажыңнардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кара-бажыңым (nominative possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарым (nominative plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымның (genitive possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарымның (genitive plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымны (accusative possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарымны (accusative plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымга (dative possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарымга (dative plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымда (locative possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарымда (locative plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымдан (ablative possessive singular)
кара-бажыңнарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
кара-бажыңымже (possessive prolative singular)
кара-бажыңнарымже (plural possessive prolative)
кара-бажыңымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кара-бажыңнарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

кара-бажыңнар

кара-бажыңның

кара-бажыңнарның

кара-бажыңны

кара-бажыңнарны

кара-бажыңга

кара-бажыңнарга

кара-бажыңда

кара-бажыңнарда

кара-бажыңдан

кара-бажыңнардан

кара-бажыңже

кара-бажыңнарже

кара-бажыңдыва

кара-бажыңнардыва

First person singular possessive forms

кара-бажыңым

кара-бажыңнарым

кара-бажыңымның

кара-бажыңнарымның

кара-бажыңымны

кара-бажыңнарымны

кара-бажыңымга

кара-бажыңнарымга

кара-бажыңымда

кара-бажыңнарымда

кара-бажыңымдан

кара-бажыңнарымдан

кара-бажыңымже

кара-бажыңнарымже

кара-бажыңымдыва

кара-бажыңнарымдыва

Calque of Mongolian ᠬᠠᠷᠠ
ᠭᠡᠷ (qar-a ger, literally “black house”).

cal

Кара-бажың иштин ойда / Каргыраалап ырлап чоруур мен

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Делегейни Чаңгыландыр”, in Divine music from the jail:

While I'm in jail / I'll keep on singing kargyraa

Kara-bajıñ iştin oyda / Kargıraalap ırlap çoruur men


ха-дуңма

head

ха-дуңма • (xa-duñma) (definite accusative ха-дуңманы, uncountable)

xa-duñma (romanization)
ха-дуңманы (accusative definite)

акы-дуңма акы-дуңма#Tuvan


акы-дуңма

акы-дуңмалар

акы-дуңма • (akı-duñma) (definite accusative акы-дуңманы, plural акы-дуңмалар)

akı-duñma (romanization)
акы-дуңманы (accusative definite)
акы-дуңмалар (plural)
акы-дуңма (nominative singular)
акы-дуңмалар (nominative plural)
акы-дуңманың (genitive singular)
акы-дуңмаларның (genitive plural)
акы-дуңманы (accusative singular)
акы-дуңмаларны (accusative plural)
акы-дуңмага (dative singular)
акы-дуңмаларга (dative plural)
акы-дуңмада (locative singular)
акы-дуңмаларда (locative plural)
акы-дуңмадан (ablative singular)
акы-дуңмалардан (ablative plural)
акы-дуңмаже (prolative singular)
акы-дуңмаларже (plural prolative)
акы-дуңмадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
акы-дуңмалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
акы-дуңмам (nominative possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларым (nominative plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамның (genitive possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамны (accusative possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамга (dative possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларымга (dative plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамда (locative possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларымда (locative plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамдан (ablative possessive singular)
акы-дуңмаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
акы-дуңмамже (possessive prolative singular)
акы-дуңмаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
акы-дуңмамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
акы-дуңмаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

акы-дуңмалар

акы-дуңманың

акы-дуңмаларның

акы-дуңмаларны

акы-дуңмаларга

акы-дуңмаларда

акы-дуңмадан

акы-дуңмалардан

акы-дуңмаларже

акы-дуңмадыва

акы-дуңмалардыва

First person singular possessive forms

акы-дуңмаларым

акы-дуңмамның

акы-дуңмаларымның

акы-дуңмамны

акы-дуңмаларымны

акы-дуңмамга

акы-дуңмаларымга

акы-дуңмамда

акы-дуңмаларымда

акы-дуңмамдан

акы-дуңмаларымдан

акы-дуңмамже

акы-дуңмаларымже

акы-дуңмамдыва

акы-дуңмаларымдыва

Literally ‘elder sibling and younger sibling’. Compare Mongolian ах дүү (ax düü), Manchu ᠠᡥᡡᠨ
ᡩᡝᠣ (ahūn deo), Chinese 兄弟 (xiōngdì).

Аймак чоннар бүлези / Акы–дуңма найыралдыг

2011, “Мен тыва мен”, Bayantsagaan Oohiy (lyrics):

A family of tribes and peoples / Friendly as brothers and sisters

Aymak çonnar bülezi / Akı–duñma nayıraldıg


мээрең

head

мээрең • (meereñ) (definite accusative мээреңни, plural мээреңнер)

meereñ (romanization)
мээреңни (accusative definite)
мээреңнер (plural)

Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ (meyiren), from Manchu ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ (meiren). Compare Mongolian мэйрэн (mejren).

(historical) meiren (adjutant during the Qing Dynasty)


чазак

чазак • (çazak) (definite accusative чазакты, plural чазактар)

çazak (romanization)
чазакты (accusative definite)
чазактар (plural)

Borrowed from Mongolic, either Written Oirat ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡎ (zasag) or Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ (ǰasag). Compare also Southern Altai јазак (ǰazak); Russian яса́к m inan (jasák); etc.
Also could be analysed as the nominal form of чазаар (çazaar, “to govern”).


эргилзимзе

эргилер эргилер#Tuvan

first-person singular conditional of эргилер (ergiler)


долганзымза

долганзымза • (dolganzımza)

From долган- (dolgan-) + -зымза (-zımza).

долганыр долганыр#Tuvan

first-person singular conditional of долганыр (dolganır)


келир

келир • (kelir) (stem кел-, indefinite past келген, negative келбес)

kelir (romanization)
кел- (stem)
келген (indefinite past)
келбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kẹl- (“to come”). Cognate with Khakas килир (kilir), Turkish gelmek, Yakut кэлэр (keler).


келир

келир чыл

next year (literally, “the forthcoming year”)

келир үе

the future (literally, “the forthcoming time”)


кожуун

кожуун • (kojuun) (definite accusative кожуунну, plural кожууннар)

kojuun (romanization)
кожуунну (accusative definite)
кожууннар (plural)

→ Russian: кожу́ун m (kožúun) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Mongolic, probably Written Oirat ᡍᡆᠱᡇᡇᠨ (xošuun).
Compare also Kalmyk хошун (xoşun), Buryat хушуун (xušuun), хошуун (xošuun), Mongolian хошуу (xošuu), etc.

a kozhuun, a banner (administrative division, originally Mongol military unit)


бодум

From Proto-Turkic *bod-ïm (“myself”); equivalent to бот (bot, “self”) + -ум (-um, first-person singular possessive suffix). Cognate with Khakas позым (pozım).


калга

head

калга • (kalga) (definite accusative калганы, plural калгалар)

kalga (romanization)
калганы (accusative definite)
калгалар (plural)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ (qalk-a).


Көпсү-Хөл

Көпсү-Хөл • (Köpsü-Xöl)

Related with көп суг (köp sug, “a lot of water”) and хөл (xöl, “lake”). Compare Mongolian ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠦᠭᠥᠯ (köbsügöl) / Хөвсгөл (Xövsgöl).

Khövsgöl (lake in northwestern Mongolia)


үшкү

From үш (üş, “three”) + -кү (-kü, “adjectival suffix”).


Тывага

head

Тывага • (Tıvaga)

Тыва Тыва#Tuvan


сээңии

сээңии • (seeñii)


ооңуу

ооңуу • (ooñuu)

From ооң (ooñ, “his, her, its”) + -уу (-uu).


мээңии

мээңии • (meeñii)


эртенги

From эртен (erten, “morning”) + -ги (-gi). Cognate with Khakas иртенгі (irtengì), Kazakh ертеңгі (erteñgı), etc.

эртенги чем

breakfast (literally, “the morning meal”)


бөгүнгү

бөгүнгү • (bögüngü)

tyv-adj

бөгүнгү • (bögüngü)

From Proto-Turkic *bu-gün-ki; equivalent to бөгүн (bögün, “today”, predicative) + -гү (-gü, attributive suffix). Cognate with Khakas пӱӱнгі (püüngì), Yakut бүгүҥҥү (bügüññü), Southern Altai бӱгӱнги (bügüngi), Kazakh бүгінгі (bügıñı), Turkish bugünkü, etc.

cog

Yakut бүгүҥҥү (bügüññü)

Kazakh бүгінгі (bügıñı)


бөгүн

head

бөгүн • (bögün)

From Proto-Turkic *bu-gün; equivalent to бо (bo, “this”) + хүн (xün, “day”). Cognate with Khakas пӱӱн (püün), Shor пӱӱн, Yakut бүгүн (bügün), Western Yugur poɣïn, Southern Altai бӱгӱн (bügün), Kazakh бүгін (bügın), Turkish bugün, etc.


эртенги чем

эртенги чемни

эртенги чемнер

эртенги чем • (ertengi çem) (definite accusative эртенги чемни, plural эртенги чемнер)

ertengi çem (romanization)
эртенги чемни (accusative definite)
эртенги чемнер (plural)

/ɛɾtɛnɡi t͡ʃɛm/


дүүнгү

дүүнгү • (düüngü)

tyv-adj

дүүнгү • (düüngü)

From Proto-Turkic [Term?]; equivalent to дүүн (düün, “yesterday”, predicative) + -гү (-gü, attributive suffix). Cognate with Turkish dünkü, etc.


дүүн

head

дүүн • (düün)

From Proto-Turkic *tü-gün (“yesterday”, literally ‘that day’); equivalent to дөө (döö, “that”) + хүн (xün, “day”). Cognate with Tofa дүүн (düün, “yesterday”), Turkish dühün (“yesterday”, dialectal), etc.


кыргыс

head

кыргыс • (kırgıs) (definite accusative кыргысты, plural кыргыстар)

kırgıs (romanization)
кыргысты (accusative definite)
кыргыстар (plural)
кыргыс (nominative singular)
кыргыстар (nominative plural)
кыргыстың (genitive singular)
кыргыстарның (genitive plural)
кыргысты (accusative singular)
кыргыстарны (accusative plural)
кыргыска (dative singular)
кыргыстарга (dative plural)
кыргыста (locative singular)
кыргыстарда (locative plural)
кыргыстан (ablative singular)
кыргыстардан (ablative plural)
кыргысче (prolative singular)
кыргыстарже (plural prolative)
кыргыстыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кыргыстардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кыргысым (nominative possessive singular)
кыргыстарым (nominative plural possessive)
кыргысымның (genitive possessive singular)
кыргыстарымның (genitive plural possessive)
кыргысымны (accusative possessive singular)
кыргыстарымны (accusative plural possessive)
кыргысымга (dative possessive singular)
кыргыстарымга (dative plural possessive)
кыргысымда (locative possessive singular)
кыргыстарымда (locative plural possessive)
кыргысымдан (ablative possessive singular)
кыргыстарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
кыргысымже (possessive prolative singular)
кыргыстарымже (plural possessive prolative)
кыргысымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кыргыстарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

кыргыстарның

кыргыстардан

кыргыстардыва

First person singular possessive forms

кыргыстарымның

кыргыстарымны

кыргыстарымга

кыргыстарымда

кыргыстарымдан

кыргыстарымже

кыргысымдыва

кыргыстарымдыва

Compare Khakas хырғыс (xırğıs), Mongolian ᠬᠢᠷᠭᠢᠰ (kirgis) / хиргис (xirgis), Old Turkic 𐰴𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰕 (qir¹qz), etc.


Пөштүг-Хем

head

Пөштүг-Хем • (Pöştüg-Xem)

[pʰø̞ʃ.tʰyɣ xẽ̞m]

Poshtug-Khem (river in Bai-Taiginsky Kozhuun, Tuva, Russia)


-ыкчы

-ыкчы • (-ıkçı)

Morphologically -ык (-ık, forming verbal nouns from verbs) + -чы (-çı, forming agent nouns from nouns). Cognate with Yakut -ааччы (-aaccı), Kazakh -ушы (-uşy), etc.

suffix

узан- (uzan-, “to forge”) + -ыкчы (-ıkçı) → узаныкчы (uzanıkçı, “blacksmith”)


тараачын

head

тараачын • (taraaçın) (definite accusative тараачынны, plural тараачыннар)

taraaçın (romanization)
тараачынны (accusative definite)
тараачыннар (plural)

Borrowed from Mongolic. Conpare Mongolian тариачин (tariačin) / ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ (tariyačin).


президентиден

From президент (prezident, stem) + -иден (-iden, epenthetic ablative suffix).

suf

президент президент#Tuvan

ablative singular of президент (prezident, “a president”)


президентилер

From президент (prezident) + -илер (-iler).

президент президент#Tuvan

nominative plural of президент (prezident, “president”)


президентизи

From президент (prezident, stem) + -изи (-izi, epenthetic suffix of 3rd-person possession).

Россия Федерациязының Президентизи

президент президент#Tuvan

form of third-person possession of президент (prezident, “a president”)


Доржу

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ (dorǰi), from Classical Tibetan རྡོ་རྗེ (rdo rje, “vajra”). Compare Kalmyk Дорҗ (Dorj), Mongolian Дорж (Dorž), Buryat Доржо (Doržo).


колониалдыг

head

колониалдыг • (kolonialdıg)

tyv-adj

колониалдыг • (kolonialdıg)

From Russian колониа́льный (koloniálʹnyj).

der

колониа́льный

колониалдыг чурттар


өвүр

head

өвүр • (övür) (definite accusative өвүрнү, plural өвүрлер)

övür (romanization)
өвүрнү (accusative definite)
өвүрлер (plural)

From Mongolic. Compare Classical Mongolian ᠥᠪᠦᠷ (öbür), Mongolian өвөр (övör).


Лопсаң

Лопсаң • (Lopsañ)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩ (lobsang), from Classical Tibetan བློ་བཟང (blo bzang).


төөгү

төөгү • (töögü) (definite accusative төөгүнү, plural төөгүлер)

töögü (romanization)
төөгүнү (accusative definite)
төөгүлер (plural)

From Mongolic, from Proto-Mongolic *tew-ke (“history”).
Compare Mongolian түүх (tüüx, “history”), Buryat түүхэ (tüüxe, “history”).


менде

мен мен#Tuvan


оларда

олар олар#Tuvan


сенде

сен сен#Tuvan


оң

From Proto-Turkic *oŋ (“right”). Related to Khakas оң (oñ) , Tofa оӈ (oň).


мээрең-чаңгы

мээрең-чаңгыны

мээрең-чаңгылар

мээрең-чаңгы • (meereñ-çañgı) (definite accusative мээрең-чаңгыны, plural мээрең-чаңгылар)

meereñ-çañgı (romanization)
мээрең-чаңгыны (accusative definite)
мээрең-чаңгылар (plural)

[me̞ːɾe̞ŋ t͡ʃɐŋɡ̊ɤ̞]

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ
ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ (meyiren ǰanggi), from Manchu ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ
ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ (meiren janggin). Compare also Mongolian мэйрэн занги (mejren zangi), Chinese 梅勒章京 (méilè zhāngjīng).

bor

ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ

der

ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᡤᡳᠨ

nc

мэйрэн занги


арага

head

арага • (araga) (definite accusative араганы, plural арагалар)

araga (romanization)
араганы (accusative definite)
арагалар (plural)

Ultimately from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “type of liquor”), through a Mongolic language. Cognate with Mongolian архи (arxi, “alcohol, liquor”), Turkish rakı (“liquor”).


сөстүк

head

сөстүк • (söstük) (definite accusative сөстүктү, plural сөстүктер)

söstük (romanization)
сөстүктү (accusative definite)
сөстүктер (plural)


бешки

beşki (romanization)
5-ки (abbreviation)

From беш (beş, “five”) + -ки (-ki, “adjectival suffix”).


дөрткү

dörtkü (romanization)
4-кү (abbreviation)

From дөрт (dört, “four”) + -кү (-kü, “adjectival suffix”).


өөлет

head

өөлет • (öölet) (definite accusative өөлетти, plural өөлеттер)

öölet (romanization)
өөлетти (accusative definite)
өөлеттер (plural)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡈᡃᠯᡈᡑ (ȫlöd).
Compare also Kalmyk өөлд (ööld), Buryat өөлэд (ööled), Mongolian өөлд (ööld), etc.

сөөк сөөк#Tuvan

(~ сөөк) a subgroup of the Tuvans of Dzungarian origin

кижи кижи#Tuvan


хөгжүм

хөгжүм • (xögjüm) (definite accusative хөгжүмнү, plural хөгжүмнер)

xögjüm (romanization)
хөгжүмнү (accusative definite)
хөгжүмнер (plural)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮ (köɣǰim, “music”). Compare Mongolian хөгжим (xögžim), Buryat хүгжэм (xügžem), Kalmyk көгҗм (kögjm), etc.


олур

From Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Compare to Old Turkic [script needed] (olur-).

олурар олурар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of олурар (olurar, “to sit”)

Аарыг кижи сегип олур

олурар олурар#Tuvan

present concrete progressive auxiliary of олурар (olurar), expressing a prolonged or beginning action


чыдыр

head

чыдыр • (çıdır)

Compare also Khakas -ча (-ça), -че (-çe); -чадыр (-çadır), -чедір (-çedìr); Kazakh жатыр (jatyr); etc.

Уруглар удуп чыдыр.

The children are sleeping. (progressively)

Бо дагның ындында улуг хем агып чыдыр.

Beyond the mountain flows a great river. (continuously)

чыт- чыдар#Tuvan

progressive-continuous aspect
w:Continuous and progressive aspects

present auxiliary of чыт- (çıt-, “to lie”), forming a progressive-continuous aspect


чок

From Proto-Turkic *yōk (“is not; there is not”). Cognate with Khakas чох (çox), Yakut суох (suoq), Kazakh жоқ (joq), Turkish yok.


тыва

head

тыва • (tıva) (definite accusative тываны, plural тывалар)

tıva (romanization)
тываны (accusative definite)
тывалар (plural)
тыва (nominative singular)
тывалар (nominative plural)
тываның (genitive singular)
тываларның (genitive plural)
тываны (accusative singular)
тываларны (accusative plural)
тывага (dative singular)
тываларга (dative plural)
тывада (locative singular)
тываларда (locative plural)
тывадан (ablative singular)
тывалардан (ablative plural)
тываже (prolative singular)
тываларже (plural prolative)
тывадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
тывалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
тывам (nominative possessive singular)
тываларым (nominative plural possessive)
тывамның (genitive possessive singular)
тываларымның (genitive plural possessive)
тывамны (accusative possessive singular)
тываларымны (accusative plural possessive)
тывамга (dative possessive singular)
тываларымга (dative plural possessive)
тывамда (locative possessive singular)
тываларымда (locative plural possessive)
тывамдан (ablative possessive singular)
тываларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
тывамже (possessive prolative singular)
тываларымже (plural possessive prolative)
тывамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
тываларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

тываларымның

тываларымдан

тываларымдыва

Recorded in Middle Chinese as 都波 (MC tu pa) and 都播 (MC tu paH). Compare Tofa тоъфа (toʺfa), тоъпа (toʺpa); Dukhan туъһа (tuʺha); Northern Altai туба (tuba, “Tubalar”); Khakas туба (tuba, former tribe); and Middle Mongol 禿八 (tuba), 禿巴思 (tubas, plural).

Мен тыва мен.

тыва чон, тыва улус

тыва кижи


федералдыг

head

федералдыг • (federaldıg)

tyv-adj

федералдыг • (federaldıg)

Derived from Russian федера́льный (federálʹnyj) with native ornative-adjectival suffix -дыг (-dıg).

der

федера́льный


кыдат

head

кыдат • (kıdat)

From Mongolic. Compare Classical Mongolian ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ (kitad), Written Oirat ᡍᡅᡐᠠᡑ (kitad); Mongolian хятад (xjatad), Buryat хитад (xitad), Kalmyk китд (kitd); and also Southern Altai кыдат (kïdat), Khakas хыдат (xıdat), dialectal Yakut кытат (kıtat, “warm land in the south where birds migrate to for winter”).

nc

чон чон#Tuvan

улус улус#Tuvan

кижи кижи#Tuvan


шерги

head

шерги • (şergi) (definite accusative шергини, plural шергилер)

şergi (romanization)
шергини (accusative definite)
шергилер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *čekürtke (“grasshopper”).
Cognate with
Tatar чикерткә (çikertkä),
Kazakh шегіртке (şegırtke),
Uzbek chigirtka,
Uyghur چېكەتكە (chëketke),
Azerbaijani çəyirtkə,
Turkish çekirge (“grasshopper”), etc.


кым

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Tofa ӄум (qum), Turkish kim.


овур

овур • (ovur) (definite accusative овурну, plural овурлар)

ovur (romanization)
овурну (accusative definite)
овурлар (plural)
овур (nominative singular)
овурлар (nominative plural)
овурнуң (genitive singular)
овурларның (genitive plural)
овурну (accusative singular)
овурларны (accusative plural)
овурга (dative singular)
овурларга (dative plural)
овурда (locative singular)
овурларда (locative plural)
овурдан (ablative singular)
овурлардан (ablative plural)
овурже (prolative singular)
овурларже (plural prolative)
овурдува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
овурлардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
овурум (nominative possessive singular)
овурларым (nominative plural possessive)
овурумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
овурларымның (genitive plural possessive)
овурумну (accusative possessive singular)
овурларымны (accusative plural possessive)
овурумга (dative possessive singular)
овурларымга (dative plural possessive)
овурумда (locative possessive singular)
овурларымда (locative plural possessive)
овурумдан (ablative possessive singular)
овурларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
овурумже (possessive prolative singular)
овурларымже (plural possessive prolative)
овурумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
овурларымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

овурларымның

овурларымдан

овурларымдува

From Classical Mongolian ᠣᠪᠤᠷ (obur). Cognate with Mongolian овор (ovor).


эмчи

head

эмчи • (emçi) (definite accusative эмчини, plural эмчилер)

emçi (romanization)
эмчини (accusative definite)
эмчилер (plural)


чонак

чонак • (çonak) (definite accusative чонакты, plural чонактар)

çonak (romanization)
чонакты (accusative definite)
чонактар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *jōnak. Cognate with Western Yugur yunaq (“felt”).


эң

From Old Turkic 𐰭 (ŋ /eŋ/). Cognate with Azerbaijani ən, Kyrgyz эң (eŋ), and Turkish en.

Эң эгезинде Бурган дээр биле черни чаяап каан.

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

Eñ egezinde Burgan deer bile çerni çayaap kaan.

Marks a superlative case (the most; -est)


бызаа

бызаа • (bızaa) (definite accusative бызааны, plural бызаалар)

bızaa (romanization)
бызааны (accusative definite)
бызаалар (plural)


эге

эге • (ege) (definite accusative эгени, plural эгелер)

ege (romanization)
эгени (accusative definite)
эгелер (plural)


сарыг

сарыг • (sarıg) (definite accusative сарыгны, plural сарыглар)

sarıg (romanization)
сарыгны (accusative definite)
сарыглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *siarïg. Cognate to Kazakh сары (sary), Kumyk сари (sari), Shor сарыг, Tofa сарығ, Western Yugur sarığ, Turkish sarı (“yellow”) etc.


өөреникчи

өөреникчилер

өөреникчи • (öörenikçi) (definite accusative өөреникчини, plural өөреникчилер)

öörenikçi (romanization)
өөреникчини (accusative definite)
өөреникчилер (plural)

өөренир (öörenir, “to learn”) + -кчи (-kçi, “occupational suffix”)


үст

head

үст • (üst) (definite accusative үсттү, plural үсттер)

üst (romanization)
үсттү (accusative definite)
үсттер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ǖŕ (“on top”). Cognate with Turkish üst (“top”).


чедир

чедир • (çedir)

даартага чедир

чедир номчуур

Хемниң чоогунче чедип келдивис.


ажыл

ажыл • (ajıl) (definite accusative ажылды, plural ажылдар)

ajıl (romanization)
ажылды (accusative definite)
ажылдар (plural)

Ол ажылга мээң хөңнүм чок.


кежээ

кежээ • (kejee) (definite accusative кежээни, plural кежээлер)

kejee (romanization)
кежээни (accusative definite)
кежээлер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kēče (“late, night, evening”). Cognate with Turkish gece (“night”).

inh

Кэжээ 8 шакта хурал болур.

There will be a meeting at 8 in the evening.


алыр

From Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”). Cognate with Turkish almak.


чоруур

head

чоруур • (çoruur)

tyv-verb

чоруур • (çoruur)

From Proto-Turkic *yüri- (“to walk”). Cognate with Turkish yürümek (“to walk”).

Бис оожум чоруп олурган бис.

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is moving.

Мени саадатпа, мен аажок далажып чор мен.

Meni saadatpa, men aajok dalajıp çor men.

(auxiliary, чор + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is moving.


чугаалаар

head

чугаалаар • (çugaalaar)

tyv-verb

чугаалаар • (çugaalaar)

чугаа (çugaa, “speech”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).


чугаа

head

чугаа • (çugaa) (definite accusative чугааны, plural чугаалар)

çugaa (romanization)
чугааны (accusative definite)
чугаалар (plural)


кирер

кирер • (kirer) (stem кир-, indefinite past кирген, negative кирбес)

kirer (romanization)
кир- (stem)
кирген (indefinite past)
кирбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kīr- (“to enter”). Cognate with Turkish girmek (“to enter”).

Ажылдап кирген.

(auxiliary, + -п) to start (doing something)


изиг

изиг • (izig) (definite accusative изигни, plural изиглер)

izig (romanization)
изигни (accusative definite)
изиглер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *isig (“hot, warm”). Cognate with Karachay-Balkar исси (issi), Kumyk исси (issi), Shor изиг, Tofa иъсиғ, Turkish ısı (“heat”).


бээр

From Proto-Turkic *bēr- (“to give”). Cognate with Tofa бәәр, Khakas пирерге (pirerge), Yakut биэр (bier), Southern Altai берер (berer), Kazakh беру (beru), Turkish vermek, etc.

Меңээ билеттен берип көрүңер.

Ол үне берген

Хенертен чаъс чай берген.

Suddenly, it started to rain. (inceptively)

Оюн салчак арбын чоннуң ортузунга чурттай бээр мен

(Can we date this quote?), “Чыраа-хоор [Çıraa-xoor, Chyraa-khoor]”:

I will live there along the populous tribes of the Oyuns and the Salchaks

(auxiliary) Used to form the perfective of a verb, following its imperfective converbal in variant -е (-e), -э (-e), -и (-i), -ү (-ü), -а (-a), -ы (-ı), -у (-u), or -й (-y)

Меңээ адың чугаалап бер.

(auxiliary) Used to indicate an action having its external concern or purpose, following associative converbal in -п (-p) or its epenthetic variants


мээң

мээң • (meeñ)

From мен (men, “I”) + -ниң (-niñ, “genitive suffix”), development *meeŋ < *meiŋ < *meniŋ < *menniŋ.

suffix

мен мен#Tuvan


эвес

From *эр (*er, “to be”) + -ве (-ve, “negative suffix”) + -с (-s). Cognate with Shor эбес (ebes), Northern Altai эбес (ebes), эвес (eves), эмес (emes), Kazakh емес (emes), Kyrgyz эмес (emes), Southern Altai эмес (emes), Uzbek emas, etc.

Эки-даа багай-даа эвес.

хөй эвес


багай

From бак (bak, “bad, evil”) + -ай (-ay), from Proto-Turkic *b(i)ăk (“bad, evil”).

Ашактың дыңнаары багай.


даарта

From даң (dañ, “dawn”) + эртен (erten, “morning”).


эртен

head

эртен • (erten) (definite accusative эртенни, plural эртеннер)

erten (romanization)
эртенни (accusative definite)
эртеннер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r (“early, morning”). Cognate with Turkish erken (“early”).


дүъш

дүъш • (dǜş) (definite accusative дүъштү, plural дүъштер)

dǜş (romanization)
дүъштү (accusative definite)
дүъштер (plural)


бодаар

бодаар • (bodaar) (stem бода-, indefinite past бодаан, negative бодавас)

bodaar (romanization)
бода- (stem)
бодаан (indefinite past)
бодавас (negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *bodu- (“to think”). Cognate with Mongolian бодох (bodox, “to think”).

Ону ынчаар эки ырлаар деп бодаваан мен.


кылыр

кылыр • (kılır) (stem кылыр-, indefinite past кылган, negative кылбас)

kılır (romanization)
кылыр- (stem)
кылган (indefinite past)
кылбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kïl- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Turkish kılmak (“to make”).

Чүү-даа кылбаан мен.


чалбарыыр

чалбарыыр • (çalbarıır) (stem чалбар-)

tyv-verb

чалбарыыр • (çalbarıır) (stem чалбар-)

From Proto-Turkic *jāl- (“to ask, require”). Cognate with Turkish yalvarmak (“to implore, beg”).


шой

head

шой • (şoy) (definite accusative шойну, plural шойлар)

şoy (romanization)
шойну (accusative definite)
шойлар (plural)

Cognate with
Karakhanid جُوذِن (čoδïn, “copper”);
Tatar чуен (çuyen),
Kazakh шойын (şoiyn),
Kyrgyz чоюн (coyun),
Kumyk чоюн (çoyun),
Karachay-Balkar чоюн (çoyun),
Southern Altai чой (čoy),
Shor шойун (šoyun),
Uzbek choʻyan,
Uyghur چويۇن (choyun, “cast iron”).


мурнуку

From Proto-Turkic *burunqu (“former, old time”). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *burun (“before, earlier than”).


олурар

head

олурар • (olurar) (stem олур-, indefinite past олурган, negative олурбас)

olurar (romanization)
олур- (stem)
олурган (indefinite past)
олурбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *olur- (“to sit”). Cognate with Turkish oturmak (“to sit”).

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for certain verbs, namely when the subject is sat down or otherwise stationary.

Мен самолётта ужуп олур мен.

(auxiliary, олур + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for certain verbs, namely when the subject is sat down or otherwise stationary.


-п

Agglutinated after a verb stem which ends in a vowel, forming its affirmative modal converbal form

Бижип тур мен.

Appendix:Glossary#auxiliary verb or auxiliary

турар турар#Tuvan

олурар олурар#Tuvan

чыдар чыдар#Tuvan

чоруур чоруур#Tuvan

Used to form a verb in a specific grammatical aspect, with auxiliary турар (turar), олурар (olurar), чыдар (çıdar) or чоруур (çoruur)


чараш

чараш • (çaraş)

tyv-adj

чараш • (çaraş)

From Proto-Turkic *jara- (“to be beneficial, useful, successful”). Cognate with Azerbaijani yaraşıqlı (“beautiful”).

inh

Тыва делегейде эң чараш черлерниң бирээзи.

Tuva is one of the world's most beautiful places.

Tıva delegeyde eñ çaraş çerlerniñ bireezi.


калыр

head

калыр • (kalır) (stem кал-, indefinite past калган, negative калбас)

kalır (romanization)
кал- (stem)
калган (indefinite past)
калбас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *kiāl- (“to stay behind, remain”). Cognate with Turkish kalmak (“to remain”).

inh

Кадып калган хлеб.

The bread got stale. (literally, “The bread ended up hardening.”)


эргим

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic [Term?]. Cognate with Mongolian эрхэм (erxem, “important, dear”).


чидер

From Proto-Turkic *jit- (“to be lost”). Cognate with Turkish yitmek (“to disappear”).

Аъдым читкеш, чадаг калдым.

My horse disappeared, so I ended up going on foot.


уттур

From Proto-Turkic *umnït- (“to forget”). Cognate with Turkish unutmak (“to forget”).


чазыг

head

чазыг • (çazıg) (definite accusative чазыгны, plural чазыглар)

çazıg (romanization)
чазыгны (accusative definite)
чазыглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *jạ̄ŕ- (“to miss, sin”). Cognate with Turkish yazık (“regret, shame”).


билир

билир • (bilir) (stem бил-, indefinite past билген, negative билбес)

bilir (romanization)
бил- (stem)
билген (indefinite past)
билбес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *bil- (“to know”). Cognate with Turkish bilmek (“to know”).

Чүнү чугаалаарыңны билир мен.

Тывалап билир силер бе?


болур

болур • (bolur) (stem бол-, indefinite past болган, negative болбас)

bolur (romanization)
бол- (stem)
болган (indefinite past)
болбас (negative)
болур (future indicative)
болур (first-person singular)
болбас (first-person negative plural)
болбас (first-person negative singular)
болур (second-person singular)
болбас (negative plural second-person)
болбас (negative second-person singular)
болур
болбас (negative plural third-person)
болбас (negative)
болган (indicative past past-i)
болган (first-person singular)
болбаан (first-person negative plural)
болбаан (first-person negative singular)
болган (second-person singular)
болбаан (negative plural second-person)
болбаан (negative second-person singular)
болган
болбаан (negative plural third-person)
болбаан (negative)
болдум (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
болдувус (first-person plural third-person)
болбадум (first-person negative singular)
болбадувус (first-person negative plural third-person)
болдуң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
болдуңар (plural second-person third-person)
болбадуң (negative second-person singular)
болбадуңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
болду (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
болдулар (plural third-person)
болбаду (negative singular third-person)
болбадулар (negative plural third-person)
болжай (resultative singular third-person)
болжай (first-person singular third-person)
болжай (second-person singular third-person)
болжай (plural third-person)
болзумза (conditional first-person singular)
болзувусса (first-person plural third-person)
болбазымза (first-person negative singular)
болбазывусса (first-person negative plural third-person)
болзуңза (conditional second-person singular)
болзуңарза (plural second-person third-person)
болбазыңза (negative second-person singular)
болбазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
болза (conditional singular third-person)
болзулар (plural third-person)
болбаза (negative singular third-person)
болбазылар (negative plural third-person)
болдур (evidential singular third-person)
болдур (first-person singular third-person)
болбадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
болбадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
болдур (second-person singular third-person)
болбадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
болбадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
болдур (plural third-person)
болбадыр (negative plural third-person)
болгай (optative singular third-person)
болгай (first-person singular third-person)
болбагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
болбагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
болгай (second-person singular third-person)
болбагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
болбагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
болгай (plural third-person)
болбагай (negative plural third-person)
болайн (first-person imperative singular)
болулыңар (first-person plural third-person)
болбайн (first-person negative singular)
болбалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
бол (imperative second-person singular)
болуңар (plural second-person third-person)
болба (negative second-person singular)
болбаңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
болзун (imperative singular third-person)
болзуннар (plural third-person)
болбазын (negative singular third-person)
болбазыннар (negative plural third-person)
болур (future participle third-person)
болбас (future negative participle third-person)
болган (participle past past-i third-person)
болбаан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
болап (converb third-person)
бола (converb third-person)
болгаш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *bōl- (“to become”). Cognate with Turkish olmak (“to become”).

Эгезинде берге болган.

Мен бо номну ап болур мен бе?

Уттуп болбас.

Don't forget. (literally, “It's not permissible/it will be bad to forget.”)

(auxiliary, + -п) indicates permission or feasibility of an action


уруг

уруг • (urug) (definite accusative уругну, plural уруглар)

urug (romanization)
уругну (accusative definite)
уруглар (plural)
уруг (nominative singular)
уруглар (nominative plural)
уругнуң (genitive singular)
уругларның (genitive plural)
уругну (accusative singular)
уругларны (accusative plural)
уругга (dative singular)
уругларга (dative plural)
уругда (locative singular)
уругларда (locative plural)
уругдан (ablative singular)
уруглардан (ablative plural)
уругже (prolative singular)
уругларже (plural prolative)
уругдува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
уруглардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
уругум (nominative possessive singular)
уругларым (nominative plural possessive)
уругумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
уругларымның (genitive plural possessive)
уругумну (accusative possessive singular)
уругларымны (accusative plural possessive)
уругумга (dative possessive singular)
уругларымга (dative plural possessive)
уругумда (locative possessive singular)
уругларымда (locative plural possessive)
уругумдан (ablative possessive singular)
уругларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
уругумже (possessive prolative singular)
уругларымже (plural possessive prolative)
уругумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
уругларымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

уругларымның

уругларымдан

уругларымдува

From Proto-Turkic *urug (“seed, child, girl”). Cognate with Karakalpak urıq, Kazakh ұрық (ūryq), Khakas урух (urux), Kyrgyz урук (uruk).

inh

Мону уруглар безин билип турар.


бижиир

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 筆 (MC pit, “writing brush”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃 (b²it²i, “to write, inscribe”), Mongolian бичих (bičix, “to write”).

cog

Чагаа бижип тур мен.


чедирер

From чедер (çeder, “to reach”) + -тир (-tir, “causative suffix”).

suffix

байыр чедирер

to congratulate (literally, “to deliver congratulations”)


чедер

/t͡ʃe̞ˈde̞ɾ/

From Proto-Turkic *yẹt- (“to reach”). Cognate with Turkish yetmek (“to suffice”).

Аалыңга четкен дораан бижиир сен.

Please write as soon as you've arrived to your home.


дораан

From Mongolic. Cognate with Mongolian дараа (daraa, “afterwards, following”).

cog

Аалыңга четкен дораан бижиир сен.


турар

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish durmak (“to stand”).

Кажаада эзерлиг аът тур.

A saddled horse is standing in the corral.

Ол бо школада ажылдап турар.

He works at this school (in the past, now and probably also will in the future).

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to form the habitual aspect for most verbs, including when the subject's physical position is unimportant or unknown.

Телефон ажылдавайн тур.

Тывалап өөренип алыксап тур мен.

(auxiliary, тур + -п) Used to form the progressive tense for most verbs, including when the subject's physical position is unimportant or unknown.


эрес

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *ere (“man”). Cognate with Mongolian эр (er, “masculine, bold”) and Turkmen eren (“brave man, sage”).


чорук

head

чорук • (çoruk) (definite accusative чорукту, plural чоруктар)

çoruk (romanization)
чорукту (accusative definite)
чоруктар (plural)

маадыр чорук

чөптүг чорук

ажыл чок чорук

unemployment (literally, “the jobless way”)

A word put after adjectives in order to form certain nouns; manner, way


дидим

From Proto-Turkic *det- (“to strive; bold, hero”). Cognate with Turkish tetik (“alert”).


дидим

дээр дээр#Tuvan

first-person singular past II of дээр (deer)


-тыр

таныштырар

to introduce (literally, “to cause to meet”)

кылдырар

иштирер


-тыр

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”). Cognate with Turkish -dir (“it is”).

Бо мээң кадайым-дыр.

Чаъс чаар-дыр.

It'll rain (or so I have deduced from current meteorological conditions).

Куштар дыңналы-дыр.


хонук

head

хонук • (xonuk) (definite accusative хонукту, plural хонуктар)

xonuk (romanization)
хонукту (accusative definite)
хонуктар (plural)

From хонар (xonar, “to stay overnight, lodge”).

Бир хонукта чээрби дөрт шак бар.


эгелээр

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *eke (“mother”). Cognate with Mongolian эхлэх (exlex, “to begin”).

Мээң бажым аарып эгелей берди.


чүве

чүве • (çüve) (definite accusative чүвени, plural чүвелер)

çüve (romanization)
чүвени (accusative definite)
чүвелер (plural)

Бо чүве силернии.

Ол кортук эвес кижи чүве.


ындыг

ындыг • (ındıg)

tyv-adj

ындыг • (ındıg)

From ын- (ın-, “that”) + -дыг (-dıg, adjectival suffix).


ындыг

head

ындыг • (ındıg)


мындыг

мындыг • (mındıg)

tyv-adj

мындыг • (mındıg)

бо (bo, “this”) + -тыг (-tıg, “adjectival suffix”)


мындыг

head

мындыг • (mındıg)


чүге

чүге • (çüge)

From чүү (çüü, “what”) + -ге (-ge, “to”). Cognate with Turkish niye (“why”).

чүү чүү#Tuvan

Сен бистиң-биле чүге барбадың?


канчаар

канчаар • (kançaar) (stem канча-, indefinite past канчаан, negative канчавас)

kançaar (romanization)
канча- (stem)
канчаан (indefinite past)
канчавас (negative)

From ка- (ka-, “interrogative prefix”) + -ар (-ar, “verbalising suffix”).

suffix

А мен канчаар мен?

Ол кинотеатрга канчап чедерил?


канчаар

head

канчаар • (kançaar)

tyv-adv

канчаар • (kançaar)

Мону канчаар кылырын мен уткан мен.


кандыг

head

кандыг • (kandıg)

tyv-adj

кандыг • (kandıg)

From ка- (ka-, “interrogative prefix”) + -тыг (-tıg, “adjectival suffix”).


хөй

From Proto-Turkic *köp (“many”). Cognate with Kazakh көп (köp, “many”), Turkish köp (“many (dial.)”).

Школаңарда хөй өөреникчи бар бе?

Are there a lot of students at your school?


бичии

head

бичии • (biçii)

tyv-adj

бичии • (biçii)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *biči- (“small”).

Бичии уруг ам-даа чугаалап билбес.

The little child doesn't know how to speak yet.


кайы

head

кайы • (kayı)

From Proto-Turkic *ka- (“interrogative prefix”).

inh

Почта кайы шактарда ажылдап турарыл?

At which hour of the day is the post office working?


кайыын

head

кайыын • (kayıın)

From Proto-Turkic *Ka- (“interrogative prefix”).

inh

Ындыг ховар номну кайыын тып алдың?

(From) where did you find such a rare book?

(interrogative) from what place? whence?


кайнаар

Кайнаар баар силер?


ижин

head

ижин • (ijin) (definite accusative ижинни, plural ижиннер)

ijin (romanization)
ижинни (accusative definite)
ижиннер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ič (“interior, intestines”). Cognate with Turkish iç (“interior”).

inh

Бажың иштинде ыржым-дыр.


бүгүде

head

бүгүде • (bügüde)

Бүгүде, экии!


ийе

Cognate with Bashkir эйе (eye, “yes”), Kazakh иә (iä, “yes”), Tatar әйе (äye, “yes”).


кайда

Ол кайда-даа чок.


бүгү

бүгү • (bügü)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *bük- (“all, everything”). Cognate with Mongolian бүх (büx, “all, every”).

der

Бүгү делегейниң пролетарлары болгаш дарлаткан араттары каттыжыңар!

All the world's workers and oppressed peoples, unite! (Communist slogan)

Bügü delegeyniñ proletarları bolgaş darlatkan arattarı kattıjıñar!


ужурашкыже

head

ужурашкыже • (ujuraşkıje)

ужуражыр (ujurajır, “to meet”) + -кыже (-kıje, “limitative suffix”), literally “until the next encounter”.


четтирдим

head

четтирдим • (çettirdim)

/t͡ʃe̞ˌtːɪrˈdɪm/

четтирер (çettirer, “to thank”) + -ди (-di, “definite past suffix”) + -м (-m, “first-person suffix”).


байырлыг

head

байырлыг • (bayırlıg)

tyv-adj

байырлыг • (bayırlıg)

From байыр (bayır, “delight, joy”) + -лыг (-lıg, ornative suffix). The interjection is a calque of Mongolic. Compare Mongolian баяртай (bajartaj).


байырлыг

head

байырлыг • (bayırlıg)


буруулуг болдум

буруулуг болдум


мээң адым

мээң адым • (meeñ adım)


адыңар кымыл

адыңар кымыл?

адыңар кымыл? • (adıñar kımıl?)


өршээп көрүңерем

өршээп көрүңерем

өршээп көрүңерем • (örşeep körüñerem)


эвээш

эвээш • (eveeş)

tyv-adj

эвээш • (eveeş)


эвээш

head

эвээш • (eveeş)

Ол эвээш чугаалаар, ынчалза-даа кылыры хөй.

Ol eveeş çugaalaar, ınçalza-daa kılırı xöy.


сөс

сөс • (sös) (definite accusative сөстү, plural сөстер)

sös (romanization)
сөстү (accusative definite)
сөстер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *söŕ (“word, speech”). Cognate with Turkish söz (“word”).

Ооң сөстеринден мен чаза хорадай-ла бердим.

Ooñ sösterinden men çaza xoraday-la berdim.


кадай

кадай • (kaday) (definite accusative кадайны, plural кадайлар)

kaday (romanization)
кадайны (accusative definite)
кадайлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *xātun (“queen, lady”). Cognate with Turkish kadın (“woman”).


чиир

чиир • (çiir) (stem чи-, indefinite past чиген, negative чивес)

çiir (romanization)
чи- (stem)
чиген (indefinite past)
чивес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *yē- (“to eat”). Cognate with Turkish yemek (“to eat”).

Кайыын эртенги чем чип ап болурул?


чагаа

чагаа • (çagaa) (definite accusative чагааны, plural чагаалар)

çagaa (romanization)
чагааны (accusative definite)
чагаалар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic [Term?]. Cognate with Mongolian захиа (zaxia, “letter, messsage”).


кичээлдээр

head

кичээлдээр • (kiçeeldeer) (stem кичээлде-, indefinite past кичээлдээн, negative кичээлдевес)

kiçeeldeer (romanization)
кичээлде- (stem)
кичээлдээн (indefinite past)
кичээлдевес (negative)

/kɪˌt͡ʃɛːlˈdɛːr/

From кичээл (kiçeel, “lesson”) + -де (-de, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).


кичээл

head

кичээл • (kiçeel) (definite accusative кичээлди, plural кичээлдер)

kiçeel (romanization)
кичээлди (accusative definite)
кичээлдер (plural)

/kɪˈt͡ʃe̞ːl/

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *kičiɣe- (“to try, be diligent”). Cognate with Mongolian хичээл (xičeel, “lesson”).

der

Бирги кичээл сес шакта эгелээр.


хөөмейлээр

head

хөөмейлээр • (xöömeyleer) (stem хөөмейле-, indefinite past хөөмейлээн, negative хөөмейлевес)

xöömeyleer (romanization)
хөөмейле- (stem)
хөөмейлээн (indefinite past)
хөөмейлевес (negative)

From хөөмей (xöömey, “khoomei”) + -ле (-le, “verbalising suffix”) + -эр (-er).

suffix

(intransitive) to sing in khoomei, throat sing


тывалап билбес мен

head

тывалап билбес мен

тывалап билбес мен • (tıvalap bilbes men)

en-тывалап_билбес_мен-tyv-phrase-ziy8-O2X


такпы

такпы • (takpı) (definite accusative такпыны, plural такпылар)

takpı (romanization)
такпыны (accusative definite)
такпылар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic. Cognate with Mongolian тамхи (tamxi, “tobacco”).


такпылаар

такпылаар • (takpılaar) (stem такпыла-, indefinite past такпылаан, negative такпылавас)

takpılaar (romanization)
такпыла- (stem)
такпылаан (indefinite past)
такпылавас (negative)

From такпы (takpı, “tobacco”) + -ла (-la, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suffix

Маңгаа такпылап болбас.


манаар

head

манаар • (manaar) (stem мана-, indefinite past манаан, negative манавас)

manaar (romanization)
мана- (stem)
манаан (indefinite past)
манавас (negative)
манаар (future indicative)
манаар (first-person singular)
манавас (first-person negative plural)
манавас (first-person negative singular)
манаар (second-person singular)
манавас (negative plural second-person)
манавас (negative second-person singular)
манаар
манавас (negative plural third-person)
манавас (negative)
манаан (indicative past past-i)
манаан (first-person singular)
манаваан (first-person negative plural)
манаваан (first-person negative singular)
манаан (second-person singular)
манаваан (negative plural second-person)
манаваан (negative second-person singular)
манаан
манаваан (negative plural third-person)
манаваан (negative)
манадым (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
манадывыс (first-person plural third-person)
манавадым (first-person negative singular)
манавадывыс (first-person negative plural third-person)
манадың (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
манадыңар (plural second-person third-person)
манавадың (negative second-person singular)
манавадыңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
манады (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
манадылар (plural third-person)
манавады (negative singular third-person)
манавадылар (negative plural third-person)
манажай (resultative singular third-person)
манажай (first-person singular third-person)
манажай (second-person singular third-person)
манажай (plural third-person)
маназымза (conditional first-person singular)
маназывысса (first-person plural third-person)
манавазымза (first-person negative singular)
манавазывысса (first-person negative plural third-person)
маназыңза (conditional second-person singular)
маназыңарза (plural second-person third-person)
манавазыңза (negative second-person singular)
манавазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
маназа (conditional singular third-person)
маназылар (plural third-person)
манаваза (negative singular third-person)
манавазылар (negative plural third-person)
манадыр (evidential singular third-person)
манадыр (first-person singular third-person)
манавадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
манавадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
манадыр (second-person singular third-person)
манавадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
манавадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
манадыр (plural third-person)
манавадыр (negative plural third-person)
манагай (optative singular third-person)
манагай (first-person singular third-person)
манавагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
манавагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
манагай (second-person singular third-person)
манавагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
манавагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
манагай (plural third-person)
манавагай (negative plural third-person)
манайн (first-person imperative singular)
маналыңар (first-person plural third-person)
манавайн (first-person negative singular)
манавалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
мана (imperative second-person singular)
манаңар (plural second-person third-person)
манава (negative second-person singular)
манаваңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
маназын (imperative singular third-person)
маназыннар (plural third-person)
манавазын (negative singular third-person)
манавазыннар (negative plural third-person)
манаар (future participle third-person)
манавас (future negative participle third-person)
манаан (participle past past-i third-person)
манаваан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
манап (converb third-person)
манай (converb third-person)
манааш (converb past third-person)

Possibly from Proto-Mongolic *hana- (“to be in wait for”).

der

Мен келгижемче мана.

Маңаа манаар мен.


өрээл

head

өрээл • (öreel) (definite accusative өрээлди, plural өрээлдер)

öreel (romanization)
өрээлди (accusative definite)
өрээлдер (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic. Cognate with Mongolian өрөө (öröö, “room”).

Өөрээлинде музыканы дыңнап олур.


тыва дыл

тыва дыл • (tıva dıl) (definite accusative тыва дылды, uncountable)

tıva dıl (romanization)
тыва дылды (accusative definite)

/tʰɯˈʋa tɯɫ/

From тыва (tıva, “Tuvan”) + дыл (dıl, “language”).


хөөмей

head

хөөмей • (xöömey) (definite accusative хөөмейни, plural хөөмейлер)

xöömey (romanization)
хөөмейни (accusative definite)
хөөмейлер (plural)

From Mongolian хөөмий (xöömii), possibly from хөх (xöx, “chest”).

Өткүт хөөмей ырынга / Өөрүп талаан тыва мен.

To the sound of the sonorous khoomei song / Greatly rejoiced I, a Tuvan

Ötküt xöömey ırınga / Öörüp talaan tıva men.

khoomei (traditional Tuvan throat singing)


чурттаар

чурттаар • (çurttaar) (stem чуртта-, indefinite past чурттаан, negative чурттавас)

çurttaar (romanization)
чуртта- (stem)
чурттаан (indefinite past)
чурттавас (negative)

From чурт (çurt, “country”) + -та- (-ta-, denonimal verb-forming suffix) + -ар (-ar, present participle & infinitive suffix).

suf

Мен Тывада чурттап турар мен.

(intransitive) to live (somewhere), to reside


дыңнаар

head

дыңнаар • (dıñnaar) (stem дыңна-, indefinite past дыңнаан, negative дыңнавас)

dıñnaar (romanization)
дыңна- (stem)
дыңнаан (indefinite past)
дыңнавас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tïŋla- (“to hear, listen”). Cognate with Turkish dinlemek (“to listen”).

inh

Мени дыңна.


делегей

head

делегей • (delegey) (definite accusative делегейни, plural делегейлер)

delegey (romanization)
делегейни (accusative definite)
делегейлер (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *del- (“to expand”). Cognate with Mongolian дэлхий (delxii, “world”).


чурт

чурт • (çurt) (definite accusative чуртту, plural чурттар)

çurt (romanization)
чуртту (accusative definite)
чурттар (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *jūrt (“dwelling place”). Cognate with Turkish yurt (“homeland”).

inh+

Ол медээ бүгү чуртка тарай хона берген.

The information started to spread to the entire country.


болар

From бо (bo, “this”) + -лар (-lar, “pluralising suffix”). Cognate to Turkish bunlar (“these”).


дөөлер

head

дөөлер • (dööler)

дөө (döö, “that”) + -лер (-ler, “pluralising suffix”).

suffix

(demonstrative) those (far from the speaker and listener)


чурук

head

чурук • (çuruk) (definite accusative чурукту, plural чуруктар)

çuruk (romanization)
чурукту (accusative definite)
чуруктар (plural)

From чуруур (çuruur, “to draw”) + -к (-k, “nominalising suffix”).


чуруур

head

чуруур • (çuruur) (stem чуру-, indefinite past чураан, negative чурувас)

çuruur (romanization)
чуру- (stem)
чураан (indefinite past)
чурувас (negative)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *ǯiru- (“to scratch, draw”). Cognate with Mongolian зурах (zurax, “to draw”).


соонда

From соң (soñ, “end”) + -у (-u, “third-person possessive suffix”) + -да (-da) + [Term?] (“locative suffix”). Cognate with Khakas соонда (soonda), Yakut уонна (uonna), Southern Altai соондо (soondo), Southern Altai соҥында (soŋïnda), Kazakh соңында (soñynda), Turkish sonra, sonunda, etc.

suffix

А ооң соонда чүү болганыл?


соң

head

соң • (soñ) (definite accusative соңну, plural соңнар)

soñ (romanization)
соңну (accusative definite)
соңнар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *soŋ (“back, end, after”). Cognate with Turkish son (“end”), etc.


каш шак-тыр

каш шак-тыр?

каш шак-тыр? • (kaş şak-tır?)


хүрең

хүрең • (xüreñ)

tyv-adj

хүрең • (xüreñ)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *küre- (“brown”). Cognate with Mongolian хүрэн (xüren, “brown”).


хүрең

head

хүрең • (xüreñ) (definite accusative хүреңни, plural хүреңнер)

xüreñ (romanization)
хүреңни (accusative definite)
хүреңнер (plural)


ягаан

From Proto-Mongolic *jagaxan (“pink”). Cognate with Mongolian ягаан (jagaan, “pink”).


ягаан

ягаан • (yagaan) (definite accusative ягаанны, plural ягааннар)

yagaan (romanization)
ягаанны (accusative definite)
ягааннар (plural)


ногаан

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *nogoɣan (“green”). Cognate with Mongolian ногоон (nogoon, “green”).


ногаан

ногаан • (nogaan) (definite accusative ногаанны, plural ногааннар)

nogaan (romanization)
ногаанны (accusative definite)
ногааннар (plural)


өкпең

өкпең • (ökpeñ)

tyv-adj

өкпең • (ökpeñ)


өкпең

head

өкпең • (ökpeñ) (definite accusative өкпеңни, plural өкпеңнер)

ökpeñ (romanization)
өкпеңни (accusative definite)
өкпеңнер (plural)


ак-кызыл

ак-кызыл • (ak-kızıl)

tyv-adj

ак-кызыл • (ak-kızıl)

From ак (ak, “white”) + кызыл (kızıl, “red”).


ак-кызыл

head

ак-кызыл • (ak-kızıl) (definite accusative ак-кызылды, plural ак-кызылдар)

ak-kızıl (romanization)
ак-кызылды (accusative definite)
ак-кызылдар (plural)


ак-сарыг

From ак (ak, “white”) + сарыг (sarıg, “yellow”).


ак-сарыг

head

ак-сарыг • (ak-sarıg) (definite accusative ак-сарыгны, plural ак-сарыглар)

ak-sarıg (romanization)
ак-сарыгны (accusative definite)
ак-сарыглар (plural)


кызыл-сарыг

кызыл-сарыг • (kızıl-sarıg)

tyv-adj

кызыл-сарыг • (kızıl-sarıg)

From кызыл (kızıl, “red”) + сарыг (sarıg, “yellow”).


кызыл-сарыг

head

кызыл-сарыгны

кызыл-сарыглар

кызыл-сарыг • (kızıl-sarıg) (definite accusative кызыл-сарыгны, plural кызыл-сарыглар)

kızıl-sarıg (romanization)
кызыл-сарыгны (accusative definite)
кызыл-сарыглар (plural)


сарыг-ногаан

From сарыг (sarıg, “yellow”) + ногаан (nogaan, “green”).


сарыг-ногаан

head

сарыг-ногаанны

сарыг-ногааннар

сарыг-ногаан • (sarıg-nogaan) (definite accusative сарыг-ногаанны, plural сарыг-ногааннар)

sarıg-nogaan (romanization)
сарыг-ногаанны (accusative definite)
сарыг-ногааннар (plural)


өң

өң • (öñ) (definite accusative өңнү, plural өңнер)

öñ (romanization)
өңнү (accusative definite)
өңнер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *öŋ (“front, colour”). Cognate with Yakut өҥ (öñ, “colour”).


көвүрүг

көвүрүг • (kövürüg) (definite accusative көвүрүгнү, plural көвүрүглер)

kövürüg (romanization)
көвүрүгнү (accusative definite)
көвүрүглер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *köprüg. Cognate with Turkish köprü (“bridge”).


күдээ

күдээ • (küdee) (definite accusative күдээни, plural күдээлер)

küdee (romanization)
күдээни (accusative definite)
күдээлер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *küdegü (“bridegroom, young husband,son-in-law”). Cognate with Khakas кізӧ, Shor кӱзе (küze), Kyrgyz күйөө (küyöö), Southern Altai кӱйӱ (küyü), Kumyk гиев (giyew), etc.


ак-көк

head

ак-көк • (ak-kök) (definite accusative ак-көктү, plural ак-көктер)

ak-kök (romanization)
ак-көктү (accusative definite)
ак-көктер (plural)


апаар

апаар • (apaar) (stem апар-, indefinite past апарган, negative апарбас)

apaar (romanization)
апар- (stem)
апарган (indefinite past)
апарбас (negative)

Эмчи апарган чүве.

Сен ам чоруур апаар сен.


чөдүрер

чөдүрер • (çödürer) (stem чөдүр-, indefinite past чөдүрген, negative чөдүрбес)

çödürer (romanization)
чөдүр- (stem)
чөдүрген (indefinite past)
чөдүрбес (negative)

— Бажым аарып, чөдүрүп тур мен, эмчи.

2002, Seliverstova G.M., Bazyr G.C., Syuryun-ool V.V., Өңнүктер 5, page 67:

— My head hurts, and I have a cough, doctor.


таныжар

таныжар • (tanıjar) (stem таныш-, indefinite past танышкан, negative танышпас)

tanıjar (romanization)
таныш- (stem)
танышкан (indefinite past)
танышпас (negative)

From таны- (tanı-, “to know”) + -ш (-ş, “reciprocal suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suffix

Мээң кадайым-биле он беш чыл бурунгаар танышкан мен.

Meeñ kadayım-bile on beş çıl burungaar tanışkan men.

(intransitive, + -биле) to be acquainted with, meet


таныштырар

head

таныштырар • (tanıştırar) (stem таныштыр-, indefinite past таныштырган, negative таныштырбас)

tanıştırar (romanization)
таныштыр- (stem)
таныштырган (indefinite past)
таныштырбас (negative)

From таны- (tanı-, “to know”) + -ш (-ş, “reciprocal suffix”) + -тыр (-tır, “causative suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suffix

Мени бо кижи-биле таныштырып көрүңерем.

(transitive) to introduce, to cause to meet


аарыыр

head

аарыыр • (aarıır) (stem аары-, indefinite past аараан, negative аарывас)

aarıır (romanization)
аары- (stem)
аараан (indefinite past)
аарывас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *agrï- (“to get hurt”). Cognate with Turkish ağrımak (“to hurt”).

Мал кандыг аарыглардан аарып турарыл?

What kind of disease is the cattle suffering from?

Мен аарып тур мен.

(intransitive, + ablative) to be sick, suffer of

Мээң бажым аарып тур.


аарыг

аарыг • (aarıg)

tyv-adj

аарыг • (aarıg)

From аарыыр (aarıır, “to be sick”), from Proto-Turkic *agrïg (“pain”). Cognate with Kazakh ауру (auru), Kyrgyz оору (ooru), Southern Altai оору (ooru), Shor ағрығ, Tofa аарығ.

Ол аарыг кылдыр көстүр.


аарыг

head

аарыг • (aarıg) (definite accusative аарыгны, plural аарыглар)

aarıg (romanization)
аарыгны (accusative definite)
аарыглар (plural)


садыг

садыг • (sadıg) (definite accusative садыгны, plural садыглар)

sadıg (romanization)
садыгны (accusative definite)
садыглар (plural)

From садар (sadar, “to sell”), Proto-Turkic *satïg.

хлеб садыы


таныыр

таныыр • (tanıır) (stem таны-, indefinite past танаан, negative танывас)

tanıır (romanization)
таны- (stem)
танаан (indefinite past)
танывас (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *tanu- (“to get to know”). Cognate with Turkish tanımak (“to know”).

Мен сени таныыр мен бе?


Бурган

Бурган • (Burgan) (definite accusative Бурганны, plural Бурганнар)

Burgan (romanization)
Бурганны (accusative definite)
Бурганнар (plural)
Бурган (nominative singular)
Бурганнар (nominative plural)
Бурганның (genitive singular)
Бурганнарның (genitive plural)
Бурганны (accusative singular)
Бурганнарны (accusative plural)
Бурганга (dative singular)
Бурганнарга (dative plural)
Бурганда (locative singular)
Бурганнарда (locative plural)
Бургандан (ablative singular)
Бурганнардан (ablative plural)
Бурганже (prolative singular)
Бурганнарже (plural prolative)
Бургандыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
Бурганнардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
Бурганым (nominative possessive singular)
Бурганнарым (nominative plural possessive)
Бурганымның (genitive possessive singular)
Бурганнарымның (genitive plural possessive)
Бурганымны (accusative possessive singular)
Бурганнарымны (accusative plural possessive)
Бурганымга (dative possessive singular)
Бурганнарымга (dative plural possessive)
Бурганымда (locative possessive singular)
Бурганнарымда (locative plural possessive)
Бурганымдан (ablative possessive singular)
Бурганнарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
Бурганымже (possessive prolative singular)
Бурганнарымже (plural possessive prolative)
Бурганымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
Бурганнарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

Бурганнарның

Бурганнардан

Бурганнардыва

First person singular possessive forms

Бурганнарымның

Бурганнарымны

Бурганнарымга

Бурганнарымда

Бурганнарымдан

Бурганнарымже

Бурганымдыва

Бурганнарымдыва

Ынчангаш өндүр улуг-дур сен, Дээрги-Бурган-Чаяакчы! Сеңээ деңнежипки дег кым-даа чок-тур, Сенден өске Бурган-даа чок-тур, бис боттарывыстың кулаавыс-биле дыңнадывыс.

Wherefore thou art great, O Lord God: for there is none like thee, neither is there any God beside thee, according to all that we have heard with our ears.

Inçangaş öndür ulug-dur sen, Deergi-Burgan-Çayaakçı! Señee deñnejipki deg kım-daa çok-tur, Senden öske Burgan-daa çok-tur, bis bottarıvıstıñ kulaavıs-bile dıñnadıvıs.


өг-бүле

head

өг-бүле • (ög-büle) (definite accusative өг-бүлени, plural өг-бүлелер)

ög-büle (romanization)
өг-бүлени (accusative definite)
өг-бүлелер (plural)
өг-бүле (nominative singular)
өг-бүлелер (nominative plural)
өг-бүлениң (genitive singular)
өг-бүлелерниң (genitive plural)
өг-бүлени (accusative singular)
өг-бүлелерни (accusative plural)
өг-бүлеге (dative singular)
өг-бүлелерге (dative plural)
өг-бүледе (locative singular)
өг-бүлелерде (locative plural)
өг-бүледен (ablative singular)
өг-бүлелерден (ablative plural)
өг-бүлеже (prolative singular)
өг-бүлелерже (plural prolative)
өг-бүледиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
өг-бүлелердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
өг-бүлем (nominative possessive singular)
өг-бүлелерим (nominative plural possessive)
өг-бүлемниң (genitive possessive singular)
өг-бүлелеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
өг-бүлемни (accusative possessive singular)
өг-бүлелеримни (accusative plural possessive)
өг-бүлемге (dative possessive singular)
өг-бүлелеримге (dative plural possessive)
өг-бүлемде (locative possessive singular)
өг-бүлелеримде (locative plural possessive)
өг-бүлемден (ablative possessive singular)
өг-бүлелеримден (ablative plural possessive)
өг-бүлемже (possessive prolative singular)
өг-бүлелеримже (plural possessive prolative)
өг-бүлемдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
өг-бүлелеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

өг-бүлелерниң

өг-бүлелерни

өг-бүлелерге

өг-бүлелерде

өг-бүлелерден

өг-бүлелерже

өг-бүлелердиве

First person singular possessive forms

өг-бүлелерим

өг-бүлелеримниң

өг-бүлелеримни

өг-бүлелеримге

өг-бүлелеримде

өг-бүлелеримден

өг-бүлелеримже

өг-бүлемдиве

өг-бүлелеримдиве

Compound of native өг (ög, “yurt”) and Mongolic loanword бүле (büle, “family”). Compare Kyrgyz үй-бүлө (üy-bülö).

Өг-бүлемде үш кижи бар.


агаарлаар

head

агаарлаар • (agaarlaar) (stem агаарла-, indefinite past агаарлаан, negative агаарлавас)

agaarlaar (romanization)
агаарла- (stem)
агаарлаан (indefinite past)
агаарлавас (negative)

From агаар (agaar, “air, weather”) + -ла- (-la-, “verbalising suffix”) + -ар (-ar).

suf

Бис дүштеки чем соонда үргүлчү агаарлап турар бис.

Bis düşteki çem soonda ürgülçü agaarlap turar bis.


эгээ

head

эгээ • (egee) (definite accusative эгээни, plural эгээлер)

egee (romanization)
эгээни (accusative definite)
эгээлер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄ke- (“file”). Cognate with Kazakh егеу (egeu), Uzbek egov, Kyrgyz өгөө (ögöö), Kumyk эгев (egew), Southern Altai эгӱ (egü),Tatar игәү (igäw), Karachay-Balkar егеу (yegeu), Bashkir игәү (igəw), Kumyk эгев (egew), Uyghur ekek, Nogai эгев (égev), Turkish eğe (“file”).


дүштеки чем

дүштеки чемни

дүштеки чемнер

дүштеки чем • (düşteki çem) (definite accusative дүштеки чемни, plural дүштеки чемнер)

düşteki çem (romanization)
дүштеки чемни (accusative definite)
дүштеки чемнер (plural)

From дүш (düş, “noon”) + -теки (-teki, “relative suffix”) + чем (çem, “food”).

suffix

lunch (meal usually eaten in the afternoon)


мөңгүн

head

мөңгүн • (möñgün) (definite accusative мөңгүннү, plural мөңгүннер)

möñgün (romanization)
мөңгүннү (accusative definite)
мөңгүннер (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *meŋgün. Cognate with Mongolian мөнгө (möngö, “silver”).


мөңгүн

мөңгүн • (möñgün)

tyv-adj

мөңгүн • (möñgün)


кодан

head

кодан • (kodan) (definite accusative коданны, plural коданнар)

kodan (romanization)
коданны (accusative definite)
коданнар (plural)


арыг

арыг • (arıg) (definite accusative арыгны, plural арыглар)

arıg (romanization)
арыгны (accusative definite)
арыглар (plural)


арыг

арыг • (arıg)

tyv-adj

арыг • (arıg)


дыка

head

дыка • (dıka)

Ооң өңнүктери дыка хөй.

Дыка өөрүп тур мен.


бойдус

бойдус • (boydus) (definite accusative бойдусту, plural бойдустар)

boydus (romanization)
бойдусту (accusative definite)
бойдустар (plural)


честек-кат

честек-катты

честек-каттар

честек-кат • (çestek-kat) (definite accusative честек-катты, plural честек-каттар)

çestek-kat (romanization)
честек-катты (accusative definite)
честек-каттар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *jegelek (“strawberry”) + кат (kat). Cognate to Khakas чистек (çistek, “berry”), Kazakh жидек (jidek, “berry”).


найырал

найырал • (nayıral) (definite accusative найыралды, plural найыралдар)

nayıral (romanization)
найыралды (accusative definite)
найыралдар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *naji- (“friendship”). Cognate with Mongolian найрамдал (najramdal, “friendship”).


ырак

head

ырак • (ırak)

tyv-adj

ырак • (ırak)

From Proto-Turkic *ïrak (“far”). Cognate with Turkish ırak.


ырак

head

ырак • (ırak)

Акым бистен ырак чурттап турар.


кады

кады • (kadı)

Кырган-авам бис-биле чурттап орар.


адаар

адаар • (adaar) (stem ада-, indefinite past адаан, negative адавас)

adaar (romanization)
ада- (stem)
адаан (indefinite past)
адавас (negative)

Бо сөстү канчаар адаарыл?


чаак

чаак • (çaak) (definite accusative чаакты, plural чаактар)

çaak (romanization)
чаакты (accusative definite)
чаактар (plural)


чес

чес • (çes) (definite accusative чести, plural честер)

çes (romanization)
чести (accusative definite)
честер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yeŕ (“brass, copper”).


каш харлыг силер

каш харлыг силер • (kaş xarlıg siler)


өске

өске • (öske)

tyv-adj

өске • (öske)

From Proto-Turkic *öŕ-ge (“other”). Cognate with Turkish özge.

Өске ажылга ажылдаксап тур мен.


аас-кежик

head

аас-кежиктер

аас-кежик • (aas-kejik) (definite accusative аас-кежикти, plural аас-кежиктер)

aas-kejik (romanization)
аас-кежикти (accusative definite)
аас-кежиктер (plural)
аас-кежик (nominative singular)
аас-кежиктер (nominative plural)
аас-кежиктиң (genitive singular)
аас-кежиктерниң (genitive plural)
аас-кежикти (accusative singular)
аас-кежиктерни (accusative plural)
аас-кежикке (dative singular)
аас-кежиктерге (dative plural)
аас-кежикте (locative singular)
аас-кежиктерде (locative plural)
аас-кежиктен (ablative singular)
аас-кежиктерден (ablative plural)
аас-кежикче (prolative singular)
аас-кежиктерже (plural prolative)
аас-кежиктиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
аас-кежиктердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
аас-кежиким (nominative possessive singular)
аас-кежиктерим (nominative plural possessive)
аас-кежикимниң (genitive possessive singular)
аас-кежиктеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
аас-кежикимни (accusative possessive singular)
аас-кежиктеримни (accusative plural possessive)
аас-кежикимге (dative possessive singular)
аас-кежиктеримге (dative plural possessive)
аас-кежикимде (locative possessive singular)
аас-кежиктеримде (locative plural possessive)
аас-кежикимден (ablative possessive singular)
аас-кежиктеримден (ablative plural possessive)
аас-кежикимже (possessive prolative singular)
аас-кежиктеримже (plural possessive prolative)
аас-кежикимдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
аас-кежиктеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

аас-кежиктер

аас-кежиктиң

аас-кежиктерниң

аас-кежиктерни

аас-кежиктерге

аас-кежиктерде

аас-кежиктен

аас-кежиктерден

аас-кежиктерже

аас-кежиктиве

аас-кежиктердиве

First person singular possessive forms

аас-кежиктерим

аас-кежикимниң

аас-кежиктеримниң

аас-кежикимни

аас-кежиктеримни

аас-кежикимге

аас-кежиктеримге

аас-кежикимде

аас-кежиктеримде

аас-кежикимден

аас-кежиктеримден

аас-кежикимже

аас-кежиктеримже

аас-кежикимдиве

аас-кежиктеримдиве

/ˌaːs kɛˈʒɪk/

Calque of Mongolian амны хишиг (amny xišig, “one's share of happiness”, literally “mouth's fortune”).

calque

Аас-кежиим, омакшылым чечээ / Алызында чүгле сен сен, ынаам

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Чүгле сен сен”, in Divine music from the jail:

The flower of my happiness and joy / In the end, is only you, my love

Aas-kejiim, omakşılım çeçee / Alızında çügle sen sen, ınaam


төрүттүнген хүнү

head

төрүттүнген хүнү

төрүттүнген хүнүн

төрүттүнген хүнүлер

төрүттүнген хүнү • (törüttüngen xünü) (definite accusative төрүттүнген хүнүн, plural төрүттүнген хүнүлер)

törüttüngen xünü (romanization)
төрүттүнген хүнүн (accusative definite)
төрүттүнген хүнүлер (plural)

/tʰø.rʏˌtːʏnˈɡɛn xʏˈnʏ/

From төрүттүн- (törüttün-, “be born”) + -ген (-gen, “indefinite past suffix”) + хүн (xün, “day”) + -ү (-ü, “3rd-person possessive suffix”).

suffix

Төрүттүнген хүнүң-биле байыр чедирип тур мен.

Törüttüngen xünüñ-bile bayır çedirip tur men.


дуңма

head

дуңма • (duñma) (definite accusative дуңманы, plural дуңмалар)

duñma (romanization)
дуңманы (accusative definite)
дуңмалар (plural)
дуңма (nominative singular)
дуңмалар (nominative plural)
дуңманың (genitive singular)
дуңмаларның (genitive plural)
дуңманы (accusative singular)
дуңмаларны (accusative plural)
дуңмага (dative singular)
дуңмаларга (dative plural)
дуңмада (locative singular)
дуңмаларда (locative plural)
дуңмадан (ablative singular)
дуңмалардан (ablative plural)
дуңмаже (prolative singular)
дуңмаларже (plural prolative)
дуңмадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
дуңмалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
дуңмам (nominative possessive singular)
дуңмаларым (nominative plural possessive)
дуңмамның (genitive possessive singular)
дуңмаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
дуңмамны (accusative possessive singular)
дуңмаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
дуңмамга (dative possessive singular)
дуңмаларымга (dative plural possessive)
дуңмамда (locative possessive singular)
дуңмаларымда (locative plural possessive)
дуңмамдан (ablative possessive singular)
дуңмаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
дуңмамже (possessive prolative singular)
дуңмаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
дуңмамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
дуңмаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

дуңмалардыва

First person singular possessive forms

дуңмаларымның

дуңмаларымны

дуңмаларымга

дуңмаларымда

дуңмаларымдан

дуңмаларымже

дуңмаларымдыва

Compare to Northern Altai тумга (tumga), Shor туңма (tuŋma), Khakas туңма (tuñma), etc.


угба

head

угба • (ugba) (definite accusative угбаны, plural угбалар)

ugba (romanization)
угбаны (accusative definite)
угбалар (plural)
угба (nominative singular)
угбалар (nominative plural)
угбаның (genitive singular)
угбаларның (genitive plural)
угбаны (accusative singular)
угбаларны (accusative plural)
угбага (dative singular)
угбаларга (dative plural)
угбада (locative singular)
угбаларда (locative plural)
угбадан (ablative singular)
угбалардан (ablative plural)
угбаже (prolative singular)
угбаларже (plural prolative)
угбадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
угбалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
угбам (nominative possessive singular)
угбаларым (nominative plural possessive)
угбамның (genitive possessive singular)
угбаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
угбамны (accusative possessive singular)
угбаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
угбамга (dative possessive singular)
угбаларымга (dative plural possessive)
угбамда (locative possessive singular)
угбаларымда (locative plural possessive)
угбамдан (ablative possessive singular)
угбаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
угбамже (possessive prolative singular)
угбаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
угбамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
угбаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

угбаларымның

угбаларымдан

угбаларымдыва


чырыыр

head

чырыыр • (çırıır) (stem чыры-, indefinite past чыраан, negative чырывас)

çırıır (romanization)
чыры- (stem)
чыраан (indefinite past)
чырывас (negative)


номчуур

номчуур • (nomçuur) (stem номчу-, indefinite past номчаан, negative номчувас)

nomçuur (romanization)
номчу- (stem)
номчаан (indefinite past)
номчувас (negative)

/nɔmˈt͡ʃʊːr/

From ном (nom, “book”) + -чу (-çu, “verbalising suffix”) + -ур (-ur).