н

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The fifteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ш

The twenty-ninth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


п

The nineteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


й

The eleventh letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ф

The twenty-fifth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ъ

The thirty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


э

The thirty-fourth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


б

The second letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


р

The twentieth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


щ

The thirtieth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


к

The twelfth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ц

The twenty-seventh letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


м

The fourteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


з

The ninth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ь

The thirty-third letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


г

The fourth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ы

The thirty-second letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ж

The eighth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


т

The twenty-second letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


д

The fifth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


х

The twenty-sixth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ч

The twenty-eighth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


в

The third letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


л

The thirteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


с

The twenty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


е

The sixth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ю

The thirty-fifth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


о

The seventeenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

The tenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


а

The first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


у

The twenty-third letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


я

The thirty-sixth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


он

From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognate with Turkish on.


ё

The seventh letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


чай

head

чай • (çay) (definite accusative чайны, plural чайлар)

çay (romanization)
чайны (accusative definite)
чайлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yāy. Cognate with Khakas чайғы (çayğı), Shor чайғы, Kyrgyz жай (jay), Southern Altai јай (ǰay), Karachay-Balkar джай (cay), Tatar җәй (cäy), Turkmen ýaý etc.


час

час • (ças) (definite accusative часты, plural частар)

ças (romanization)
часты (accusative definite)
частар (plural)

From earlier *čaz < *yāz, from Proto-Turkic *yāŕ (“spring, summer”).


ном

ном • (nom) (definite accusative номну, plural номнар)

nom (romanization)
номну (accusative definite)
номнар (plural)
ном (nominative singular)
номнар (nominative plural)
номнуң (genitive singular)
номнарның (genitive plural)
номну (accusative singular)
номнарны (accusative plural)
номга (dative singular)
номнарга (dative plural)
номда (locative singular)
номнарда (locative plural)
номдан (ablative singular)
номнардан (ablative plural)
номже (prolative singular)
номнарже (plural prolative)
номдува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
номнардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
номум (nominative possessive singular)
номнарым (nominative plural possessive)
номумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
номнарымның (genitive plural possessive)
номумну (accusative possessive singular)
номнарымны (accusative plural possessive)
номумга (dative possessive singular)
номнарымга (dative plural possessive)
номумда (locative possessive singular)
номнарымда (locative plural possessive)
номумдан (ablative possessive singular)
номнарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
номумже (possessive prolative singular)
номнарымже (plural possessive prolative)
номумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
номнарымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

номнарымдува

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *nom (“book”). Cognate with Mongolian ном (nom, “book”).


январь

head

январь • (yanvarʹ) (definite accusative январьны, plural январьлар)

yanvarʹ (romanization)
январьны (accusative definite)
январьлар (plural)

Borrowed from Russian янва́рь (janvárʹ).


октябрь

октябрь • (oktyabrʹ) (definite accusative октябрьны, plural октябрьлар)

oktyabrʹ (romanization)
октябрьны (accusative definite)
октябрьлар (plural)

[ʔo̞k̠̚.tʲɐˑb̥ɾ]

Borrowed from Russian октя́брь (oktjábrʹ).


ноябрь

ноябрь • (noyabrʹ) (definite accusative ноябрьны, plural ноябрьлар)

noyabrʹ (romanization)
ноябрьны (accusative definite)
ноябрьлар (plural)

Borrowed from Russian ноя́брь m (nojábrʹ, “November”), from Old East Slavic ноѩбрь m (nojębrĭ, “November”), from Byzantine Greek Νοέμβριος m (Noémbrios, “November”), from Latin november m (“November”).


июнь

head

июнь • (iyunʹ) (definite accusative июньну, plural июньнар)

iyunʹ (romanization)
июньну (accusative definite)
июньнар (plural)


апрель

апрель • (aprelʹ) (definite accusative апрельди, plural апрельдер)

aprelʹ (romanization)
апрельди (accusative definite)
апрельдер (plural)


май

май • (may) (definite accusative майны, plural майлар)

may (romanization)
майны (accusative definite)
майлар (plural)


копьё

копьё • (kopʹyo) (definite accusative копьёну, plural копьёлер)

kopʹyo (romanization)
копьёну (accusative definite)
копьёлер (plural)


Ы

The thirty-second letter of the Tuvan alphabet


Азия

Азия • (Aziya) (definite accusative Азияны, plural Азиялар)

Aziya (romanization)
Азияны (accusative definite)
Азиялар (plural)
Азия (nominative singular)
Азиялар (nominative plural)
Азияның (genitive singular)
Азияларның (genitive plural)
Азияны (accusative singular)
Азияларны (accusative plural)
Азияга (dative singular)
Азияларга (dative plural)
Азияда (locative singular)
Азияларда (locative plural)
Азиядан (ablative singular)
Азиялардан (ablative plural)
Азияже (prolative singular)
Азияларже (plural prolative)
Азиядыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
Азиялардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
Азиям (nominative possessive singular)
Азияларым (nominative plural possessive)
Азиямның (genitive possessive singular)
Азияларымның (genitive plural possessive)
Азиямны (accusative possessive singular)
Азияларымны (accusative plural possessive)
Азиямга (dative possessive singular)
Азияларымга (dative plural possessive)
Азиямда (locative possessive singular)
Азияларымда (locative plural possessive)
Азиямдан (ablative possessive singular)
Азияларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
Азиямже (possessive prolative singular)
Азияларымже (plural possessive prolative)
Азиямдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
Азияларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

Азияларымның

Азияларымдан

Азияларымдыва


неделя

head

неделя • (nedelya) (definite accusative неделяны, plural неделялар)

nedelya (romanization)
неделяны (accusative definite)
неделялар (plural)

Borrowed from Russian неде́ля (nedélja).


аэропорт

аэропорт • (aeroport) (definite accusative аэропортту, plural аэропорттар)

aeroport (romanization)
аэропортту (accusative definite)
аэропорттар (plural)

Borrowed from Russian аэропорт (aeroport).


бок

бок • (bok) (definite accusative бокту, plural боктар)

bok (romanization)
бокту (accusative definite)
боктар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *bok (“dirt”). Cognate to Turkish bok (“faeces”).


от

от • (ot) (definite accusative отту, plural оттар)

ot (romanization)
отту (accusative definite)
оттар (plural)


бар

From Proto-Turkic *bār (“there is, there are”). Cognate to Turkish var (“there is”).

inh

Соок суг бар бе?

Have you got cold water? (literally, “Is there cold water?”)


тот

тодар тодар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тодар (todar)


чем

head

чем • (çem) (definite accusative чемни, plural чемнер)

çem (romanization)
чемни (accusative definite)
чемнер (plural)


кадык

кадык • (kadık)

tyv-adj

кадык • (kadık)

From Proto-Turkic *Kạt (“hard”). Doublet of кадыг (kadıg, “hard, solid”). Cognate with Shor хазых, Southern Altai кадык (kadïk).


кадык

head

кадык • (kadık) (definite accusative кадыкты, plural кадыктар)

kadık (romanization)
кадыкты (accusative definite)
кадыктар (plural)
кадык (nominative singular)
кадыктар (nominative plural)
кадыктың (genitive singular)
кадыктарның (genitive plural)
кадыкты (accusative singular)
кадыктарны (accusative plural)
кадыкка (dative singular)
кадыктарга (dative plural)
кадыкта (locative singular)
кадыктарда (locative plural)
кадыктан (ablative singular)
кадыктардан (ablative plural)
кадыкче (prolative singular)
кадыктарже (plural prolative)
кадыктыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кадыктардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кадыкым (nominative possessive singular)
кадыктарым (nominative plural possessive)
кадыкымның (genitive possessive singular)
кадыктарымның (genitive plural possessive)
кадыкымны (accusative possessive singular)
кадыктарымны (accusative plural possessive)
кадыкымга (dative possessive singular)
кадыктарымга (dative plural possessive)
кадыкымда (locative possessive singular)
кадыктарымда (locative plural possessive)
кадыкымдан (ablative possessive singular)
кадыктарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
кадыкымже (possessive prolative singular)
кадыктарымже (plural possessive prolative)
кадыкымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кадыктарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

кадыктардыва

First person singular possessive forms

кадыктарымның

кадыктарымны

кадыктарымга

кадыктарымда

кадыктарымдан

кадыктарымже

кадыктарымдыва


лампа

head

лампа • (lampa) (definite accusative лампаны, plural лампалар)

lampa (romanization)
лампаны (accusative definite)
лампалар (plural)

Borrowed from Russian ла́мпа f inan (lámpa), from French lampe f, from Old French lampe f, from Latin lampas f, from Ancient Greek λαμπάς f (lampás).


ү

The twenty-fourth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


бут

head

бут • (but) (definite accusative бутту, plural буттар)

but (romanization)
бутту (accusative definite)
буттар (plural)
бут (nominative singular)
буттар (nominative plural)
буттуң (genitive singular)
буттарның (genitive plural)
бутту (accusative singular)
буттарны (accusative plural)
бутка (dative singular)
буттарга (dative plural)
бутта (locative singular)
буттарда (locative plural)
буттан (ablative singular)
буттардан (ablative plural)
бутче (prolative singular)
буттарже (plural prolative)
буттува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
буттардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
бутум (nominative possessive singular)
буттарым (nominative plural possessive)
бутумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
буттарымның (genitive plural possessive)
бутумну (accusative possessive singular)
буттарымны (accusative plural possessive)
бутумга (dative possessive singular)
буттарымга (dative plural possessive)
бутумда (locative possessive singular)
буттарымда (locative plural possessive)
бутумдан (ablative possessive singular)
буттарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
бутумже (possessive prolative singular)
буттарымже (plural possessive prolative)
бутумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
буттарымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

буттарымдува

From Proto-Turkic *būt (“leg, foot”). Cognate with Turkish but (“thigh”).


хар

head

хар • (xar) (definite accusative харны, plural харлар)

xar (romanization)
харны (accusative definite)
харлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”). Cognate with Turkish kar (“snow”).

Мээң харым үжен.


ача

ача • (aça) (definite accusative ачаны, plural ачалар)

aça (romanization)
ачаны (accusative definite)
ачалар (plural)
ача (nominative singular)
ачалар (nominative plural)
ачаның (genitive singular)
ачаларның (genitive plural)
ачаны (accusative singular)
ачаларны (accusative plural)
ачага (dative singular)
ачаларга (dative plural)
ачада (locative singular)
ачаларда (locative plural)
ачадан (ablative singular)
ачалардан (ablative plural)
ачаже (prolative singular)
ачаларже (plural prolative)
ачадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
ачалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
ачам (nominative possessive singular)
ачаларым (nominative plural possessive)
ачамның (genitive possessive singular)
ачаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
ачамны (accusative possessive singular)
ачаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
ачамга (dative possessive singular)
ачаларымга (dative plural possessive)
ачамда (locative possessive singular)
ачаларымда (locative plural possessive)
ачамдан (ablative possessive singular)
ачаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
ачамже (possessive prolative singular)
ачаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
ачамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
ачаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

ачаларымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *ata (“father, ancestor”). Cognate to Turkish ata (“ancestor”).


ак

From Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Kazakh ақ (aq), Southern Altai ак (ak), Kumyk акъ (aq), Shor ақ, Western Yugur aq, Turkish ak (“white”).


ак

head

ак • (ak) (definite accusative акты, plural актар)

ak (romanization)
акты (accusative definite)
актар (plural)


ай

ай • (ay) (definite accusative айны, plural айлар)

ay (romanization)
айны (accusative definite)
айлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *āy (“moon, month”). Compare Turkish ay (“moon”).


тур

турар турар#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of турар (turar, “to stand”)

турар турар#Tuvan

third-person present punctual auxiliary of турар


кулак

кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)

kulak (romanization)
кулакты (accusative definite)
кулактар (plural)
кулак (nominative singular)
кулактар (nominative plural)
кулактың (genitive singular)
кулактарның (genitive plural)
кулакты (accusative singular)
кулактарны (accusative plural)
кулакка (dative singular)
кулактарга (dative plural)
кулакта (locative singular)
кулактарда (locative plural)
кулактан (ablative singular)
кулактардан (ablative plural)
кулакче (prolative singular)
кулактарже (plural prolative)
кулактыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кулактардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кулакым (nominative possessive singular)
кулактарым (nominative plural possessive)
кулакымның (genitive possessive singular)
кулактарымның (genitive plural possessive)
кулакымны (accusative possessive singular)
кулактарымны (accusative plural possessive)
кулакымга (dative possessive singular)
кулактарымга (dative plural possessive)
кулакымда (locative possessive singular)
кулактарымда (locative plural possessive)
кулакымдан (ablative possessive singular)
кулактарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
кулакымже (possessive prolative singular)
кулактарымже (plural possessive prolative)
кулакымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кулактарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

кулактардыва

First person singular possessive forms

кулактарымның

кулактарымны

кулактарымга

кулактарымда

кулактарымдан

кулактарымже

кулактарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Turkish kulak.


щётка

head

щётка • (şşyotka) (definite accusative щётканы, plural щёткалар)

şşyotka (romanization)
щётканы (accusative definite)
щёткалар (plural)
щётка (nominative singular)
щёткалар (nominative plural)
щётканың (genitive singular)
щёткаларның (genitive plural)
щётканы (accusative singular)
щёткаларны (accusative plural)
щёткага (dative singular)
щёткаларга (dative plural)
щёткада (locative singular)
щёткаларда (locative plural)
щёткадан (ablative singular)
щёткалардан (ablative plural)
щёткаже (prolative singular)
щёткаларже (plural prolative)
щёткадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
щёткалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
щёткам (nominative possessive singular)
щёткаларым (nominative plural possessive)
щёткамның (genitive possessive singular)
щёткаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
щёткамны (accusative possessive singular)
щёткаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
щёткамга (dative possessive singular)
щёткаларымга (dative plural possessive)
щёткамда (locative possessive singular)
щёткаларымда (locative plural possessive)
щёткамдан (ablative possessive singular)
щёткаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
щёткамже (possessive prolative singular)
щёткаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
щёткамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
щёткаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

щёткалардыва

First person singular possessive forms

щёткаларымның

щёткаларымны

щёткаларымга

щёткаларымда

щёткаларымдан

щёткаларымже

щёткаларымдыва


кино

From Russian кино́ (kinó), a clipping of кинемато́граф (kinematógraf, “cinematography”) and/or a borrowing from German Kino.


шаг

head

шаг • (şag) (definite accusative шагны, plural шаглар)

şag (romanization)
шагны (accusative definite)
шаглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *čiāk (“time”). Cognate with Turkish çağ (“era, age”).

Кажан-бир шагда ол чанып келир.


бир

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”, cardinal).


аш

аш • (aş) (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])


эм

эм • (em) (definite accusative эмни, plural эмнер)

em (romanization)
эмни (accusative definite)
эмнер (plural)


эр

From Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Turkish erkek (“man”).


эр

эр • (er) (definite accusative эрни, plural эрлер)

er (romanization)
эрни (accusative definite)
эрлер (plural)


кум

кум • (kum) (definite accusative кумну, plural кумнар)

kum (romanization)
кумну (accusative definite)
кумнар (plural)


хан

хан • (xan) (definite accusative ханны, plural ханнар)

xan (romanization)
ханны (accusative definite)
ханнар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”). Cognate with Turkish kan.


бо

From Proto-Turkic *bu (“this”). Cognate with Turkish bu (“this”).

Бо номнуң ады чүл?


база

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bAsa (“also, as well”), from Sogdian ܦܣܐ (psʾ /pasā̆/, “then, afterwards, on the other hand”), 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫍 (psʾh /pasā̆/).
Cognate with Tofa баъса (“again”), баъсаӄ, паъса; Khakas паза (paza), Shor паза (“again”), Southern Altai база (baza); Old Uyghur 𐽼𐽰𐽿𐽰 (pʾsʾ /basa/), Old Turkic 𐰉𐰽𐰀 (b¹s¹a /basa/). Compare also Mongolian ᠪᠠᠰᠠ (basa) / бас (bas, “also, and”).

der

Мен база киноже баар мен.


кара

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Turkish kara (“black”).


кара

head

кара • (kara) (definite accusative караны, plural каралар)

kara (romanization)
караны (accusative definite)
каралар (plural)


ча

ча • (ça) (definite accusative чаны, plural чалар)

ça (romanization)
чаны (accusative definite)
чалар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”).
Cognate with Bashkir йәйә (yəyə, “bow”), Kyrgyz жаа (jaa, “bow”).


дош

дош • (doş) (definite accusative дошту, plural доштар)

doş (romanization)
дошту (accusative definite)
доштар (plural)
дош (nominative singular)
доштар (nominative plural)
доштуң (genitive singular)
доштарның (genitive plural)
дошту (accusative singular)
доштарны (accusative plural)
дошка (dative singular)
доштарга (dative plural)
дошта (locative singular)
доштарда (locative plural)
доштан (ablative singular)
доштардан (ablative plural)
дошче (prolative singular)
доштарже (plural prolative)
доштува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
доштардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
дошум (nominative possessive singular)
доштарым (nominative plural possessive)
дошумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
доштарымның (genitive plural possessive)
дошумну (accusative possessive singular)
доштарымны (accusative plural possessive)
дошумга (dative possessive singular)
доштарымга (dative plural possessive)
дошумда (locative possessive singular)
доштарымда (locative plural possessive)
дошумдан (ablative possessive singular)
доштарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
дошумже (possessive prolative singular)
доштарымже (plural possessive prolative)
дошумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
доштарымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

доштарымдува


партия

head

партия • (partiya) (definite accusative партияны, plural партиялар)

partiya (romanization)
партияны (accusative definite)
партиялар (plural)
партия (nominative singular)
партиялар (nominative plural)
партияның (genitive singular)
партияларның (genitive plural)
партияны (accusative singular)
партияларны (accusative plural)
партияга (dative singular)
партияларга (dative plural)
партияда (locative singular)
партияларда (locative plural)
партиядан (ablative singular)
партиялардан (ablative plural)
партияже (prolative singular)
партияларже (plural prolative)
партиядыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
партиялардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
партиям (nominative possessive singular)
партияларым (nominative plural possessive)
партиямның (genitive possessive singular)
партияларымның (genitive plural possessive)
партиямны (accusative possessive singular)
партияларымны (accusative plural possessive)
партиямга (dative possessive singular)
партияларымга (dative plural possessive)
партиямда (locative possessive singular)
партияларымда (locative plural possessive)
партиямдан (ablative possessive singular)
партияларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
партиямже (possessive prolative singular)
партияларымже (plural possessive prolative)
партиямдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
партияларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

партияларның

партиялардан

партиялардыва

First person singular possessive forms

партияларымның

партияларымны

партияларымга

партияларымда

партияларымдан

партияларымже

партияларымдыва

Borrowed from Russian па́ртия (pártija).


кол

From Mongolic. Cognate with Mongolian гол (gol, “main”).

кол редактор ― kol redaktor ― editor-in-chief

кол роль


ава

head

ава • (ava) (definite accusative аваны, plural авалар)

ava (romanization)
аваны (accusative definite)
авалар (plural)
ава (nominative singular)
авалар (nominative plural)
аваның (genitive singular)
аваларның (genitive plural)
аваны (accusative singular)
аваларны (accusative plural)
авага (dative singular)
аваларга (dative plural)
авада (locative singular)
аваларда (locative plural)
авадан (ablative singular)
авалардан (ablative plural)
аваже (prolative singular)
аваларже (plural prolative)
авадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
авалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
авам (nominative possessive singular)
аваларым (nominative plural possessive)
авамның (genitive possessive singular)
аваларымның (genitive plural possessive)
авамны (accusative possessive singular)
аваларымны (accusative plural possessive)
авамга (dative possessive singular)
аваларымга (dative plural possessive)
авамда (locative possessive singular)
аваларымда (locative plural possessive)
авамдан (ablative possessive singular)
аваларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
авамже (possessive prolative singular)
аваларымже (plural possessive prolative)
авамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
аваларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

аваларымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *apa (“mother, elder sister, aunt”). Cognate to dialectal Turkish aba (“mother, elder sister”).


баш

head

баш • (baş) (definite accusative башты, plural баштар)

baş (romanization)
башты (accusative definite)
баштар (plural)
баш (nominative singular)
баштар (nominative plural)
баштың (genitive singular)
баштарның (genitive plural)
башты (accusative singular)
баштарны (accusative plural)
башка (dative singular)
баштарга (dative plural)
башта (locative singular)
баштарда (locative plural)
баштан (ablative singular)
баштардан (ablative plural)
башче (prolative singular)
баштарже (plural prolative)
баштыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
баштардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
башым (nominative possessive singular)
баштарым (nominative plural possessive)
башымның (genitive possessive singular)
баштарымның (genitive plural possessive)
башымны (accusative possessive singular)
баштарымны (accusative plural possessive)
башымга (dative possessive singular)
баштарымга (dative plural possessive)
башымда (locative possessive singular)
баштарымда (locative plural possessive)
башымдан (ablative possessive singular)
баштарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
башымже (possessive prolative singular)
баштарымже (plural possessive prolative)
башымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
баштарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

баштарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *baĺč (“head”). Cognate with Turkish baş (“head”).


балык

head

балык • (balık) (definite accusative балыкты, plural балыктар)

balık (romanization)
балыкты (accusative definite)
балыктар (plural)
балык (nominative singular)
балыктар (nominative plural)
балыктың (genitive singular)
балыктарның (genitive plural)
балыкты (accusative singular)
балыктарны (accusative plural)
балыкка (dative singular)
балыктарга (dative plural)
балыкта (locative singular)
балыктарда (locative plural)
балыктан (ablative singular)
балыктардан (ablative plural)
балыкче (prolative singular)
балыктарже (plural prolative)
балыктыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
балыктардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
балыкым (nominative possessive singular)
балыктарым (nominative plural possessive)
балыкымның (genitive possessive singular)
балыктарымның (genitive plural possessive)
балыкымны (accusative possessive singular)
балыктарымны (accusative plural possessive)
балыкымга (dative possessive singular)
балыктарымга (dative plural possessive)
балыкымда (locative possessive singular)
балыктарымда (locative plural possessive)
балыкымдан (ablative possessive singular)
балыктарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
балыкымже (possessive prolative singular)
балыктарымже (plural possessive prolative)
балыкымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
балыктарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

балыктардыва

First person singular possessive forms

балыктарымның

балыктарымны

балыктарымга

балыктарымда

балыктарымдан

балыктарымже

балыктарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *bālïk (“fish”). Cognate with Turkish balık.


хой

head

хой • (xoy) (definite accusative хойну, plural хойлар)

xoy (romanization)
хойну (accusative definite)
хойлар (plural)

From Common Turkic *qoy (“sheep”), from Proto-Turkic.
list of cognates
Cognate with Khakas хой (xoy), Tofa һой, Western Yugur qoy, Azerbaijani qoyun, Turkish koyun, Turkmen goýun, Salar ğoy, Kazakh қой (qoi), Kyrgyz кой (koy), Southern Altai кой (koy), Siberian Tatar ҡуй, Crimean Tatar qoy, Karachay-Balkar къой (qoy), Uzbek qo'y, Chagatai قوي, Uyghur قوي (qoy), etc.


чор

чоруур чоруур#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of чоруур (çoruur, “to go, to walk”)

чоруур чоруур#Tuvan

present concrete progressive auxiliary of чоруур (çoruur)


Кызыл

Кызыл • (Kızıl)

Kızıl (romanization)
Кызыл (nominative singular)
Кызылдың (genitive singular)
Кызылды (accusative singular)
Кызылга (dative singular)
Кызылда (locative singular)
Кызылдан (ablative singular)
Кызылже (prolative singular)
Кызылдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
Кызылым (nominative possessive singular)
Кызылымның (genitive possessive singular)
Кызылымны (accusative possessive singular)
Кызылымга (dative possessive singular)
Кызылымда (locative possessive singular)
Кызылымдан (ablative possessive singular)
Кызылымже (possessive prolative singular)
Кызылымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

→ Mongolian: ᠬᠢᠰᠤᠯ (kisul, obsolete)

→ Russian: Кызы́л (Kyzýl)

From кызыл (kızıl, “red”). Replaced former name of the city Хем-Белдир (Xem-Beldir) in 1926.

Kyzyl (the capital city of the Tuva Republic, Russia)


акы

head

акы • (akı) (definite accusative акыны, plural акылар)

akı (romanization)
акыны (accusative definite)
акылар (plural)
акы (nominative singular)
акылар (nominative plural)
акының (genitive singular)
акыларның (genitive plural)
акыны (accusative singular)
акыларны (accusative plural)
акыга (dative singular)
акыларга (dative plural)
акыда (locative singular)
акыларда (locative plural)
акыдан (ablative singular)
акылардан (ablative plural)
акыже (prolative singular)
акыларже (plural prolative)
акыдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
акылардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
акым (nominative possessive singular)
акыларым (nominative plural possessive)
акымның (genitive possessive singular)
акыларымның (genitive plural possessive)
акымны (accusative possessive singular)
акыларымны (accusative plural possessive)
акымга (dative possessive singular)
акыларымга (dative plural possessive)
акымда (locative possessive singular)
акыларымда (locative plural possessive)
акымдан (ablative possessive singular)
акыларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
акымже (possessive prolative singular)
акыларымже (plural possessive prolative)
акымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
акыларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

акыларымдыва


оларның

head

оларның • (olarnıñ)

олар олар#Tuvan

genitive of олар (olar, “they; those”); their


чылан

чылан • (çılan) (definite accusative чыланны, plural чыланнар)

çılan (romanization)
чыланны (accusative definite)
чыланнар (plural)


чон

чон • (çon) (definite accusative чонну, plural чоннар)

çon (romanization)
чонну (accusative definite)
чоннар (plural)

From Mongolic. Compare Khakas чон (çon), Shor чон (čon), Yakut дьон (jon), Dolgan дьон (con), Southern Altai јон (ǰon); and Mongolian ᠵᠣᠨ (ǰon) / зон (zon).


ол

From Proto-Turkic *ol (“he, she, it; that”).

he, she, it (third-person singular subject pronoun)


бе

From Proto-Turkic *-mi (“interrogative particle”). Cognate to Mongolian бэ (be), Kazakh бе (be), Turkish mi.

inh

Сен шай ижиксей-дир сен бе?

Particle for forming yes-or-no questions.


кат

head

кат • (kat) (definite accusative катты, plural каттар)

kat (romanization)
катты (accusative definite)
каттар (plural)

Бо арыгда кат хөй.

There are a lot of berries in this forest.


мал

мал • (mal) (definite accusative малды, plural малдар)

mal (romanization)
малды (accusative definite)
малдар (plural)

Ultimately from Arabic مَال (māl, “property”), possibly through back-formation from малчын (malçın, “herder”), a Mongolic borrowing.


мени

мен мен#Tuvan


коргар

head

коргар • (korgar) (stem корт-, indefinite past корткан, negative кортпас)

korgar (romanization)
корт- (stem)
корткан (indefinite past)
кортпас (negative)

Чыланнардан коргар мен.

(intransitive, transitive, + allative case) to be afraid, fear


мен

Inherited from Common Turkic *ben (“I”, with oblique *-n), from Proto-Turkic *be (“I”).
Cognate with Tofa мен (men, pronoun and predicative particle), Khakas мин (min, pronoun), Northern Altai мен (men, pronoun), мин (min); Southern Altai мен (men, pronoun), Kazakh мен (men, pronoun), -мін (-mın), -бін (-bın), -пін (-pın), -мын (-myn), -бын (-byn), -пын (-pyn); Turkish ben (pronoun); Old Turkic 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /bän/, pronoun), 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /män/, predicative particle).

inh

with oblique <i class="Latn mention" lang="trk-pro">*-n</i>

cog

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


мен

Тос-ла чүзүн малымайны / Доруктурза, байыыр-ла мен.

1921, “Тоорутукг долгай тандым”:

My livestocks of nine colours / If my taiga raises them, I’ll be rich.

Tos-la çüzün malımaynı / Dorukturza, bayıır-la men.

.Мен — тыва мен, / Мөңге харлыг дагның оглу мен.

2011, “Мен — тыва мен”:

I am a Tuvan, / I'm the son of the mountains capped with perpetual snow.

.Men — tıva men, / Möñge xarlıg dagnıñ oglu men.

Forms the first-person singular predicative when used in conjunction with nouns, adjectives, and certain verb tenses, including the present-future and indefinite past.


сылдыс

head

сылдыс • (sıldıs) (definite accusative сылдысты, plural сылдыстар)

sıldıs (romanization)
сылдысты (accusative definite)
сылдыстар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yulduŕ (“star”) but čïldïs would be expected.


далай

далай • (dalay) (definite accusative далайны, plural далайлар)

dalay (romanization)
далайны (accusative definite)
далайлар (plural)
далай (nominative singular)
далайлар (nominative plural)
далайның (genitive singular)
далайларның (genitive plural)
далайны (accusative singular)
далайларны (accusative plural)
далайга (dative singular)
далайларга (dative plural)
далайда (locative singular)
далайларда (locative plural)
далайдан (ablative singular)
далайлардан (ablative plural)
далайже (prolative singular)
далайларже (plural prolative)
далайдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
далайлардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
далайым (nominative possessive singular)
далайларым (nominative plural possessive)
далайымның (genitive possessive singular)
далайларымның (genitive plural possessive)
далайымны (accusative possessive singular)
далайларымны (accusative plural possessive)
далайымга (dative possessive singular)
далайларымга (dative plural possessive)
далайымда (locative possessive singular)
далайларымда (locative plural possessive)
далайымдан (ablative possessive singular)
далайларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
далайымже (possessive prolative singular)
далайларымже (plural possessive prolative)
далайымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
далайларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

далайлардыва

First person singular possessive forms

далайларымның

далайларымны

далайларымга

далайларымда

далайларымдан

далайларымже

далайларымдыва

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *dalaj (“sea, ocean”). Cognate with Mongolian далай (dalaj, “ocean”).


эки

From Proto-Turkic *edgü (“good, excellent”). Cognate to Turkish iyi (“good”).


беш

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺ(k) (“five”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐱁 (b²š /beš/, “five”).


сен

From Proto-Turkic *sẹ- (“thou”). Cognate with Turkish sen (“you”).


кажан

From Proto-Turkic *ka- (“interrogative prefix”).

inh

Ол кажан келирил?


үш

From Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”). Cognate with Khakas ӱс (üs), Southern Altai ӱч (üč), etc.


ашак

head

ашак • (aşak) (definite accusative ашакты, plural ашактар)

aşak (romanization)
ашакты (accusative definite)
ашактар (plural)
ашак (nominative singular)
ашактар (nominative plural)
ашактың (genitive singular)
ашактарның (genitive plural)
ашакты (accusative singular)
ашактарны (accusative plural)
ашакка (dative singular)
ашактарга (dative plural)
ашакта (locative singular)
ашактарда (locative plural)
ашактан (ablative singular)
ашактардан (ablative plural)
ашакче (prolative singular)
ашактарже (plural prolative)
ашактыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
ашактардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
ашакым (nominative possessive singular)
ашактарым (nominative plural possessive)
ашакымның (genitive possessive singular)
ашактарымның (genitive plural possessive)
ашакымны (accusative possessive singular)
ашактарымны (accusative plural possessive)
ашакымга (dative possessive singular)
ашактарымга (dative plural possessive)
ашакымда (locative possessive singular)
ашактарымда (locative plural possessive)
ашакымдан (ablative possessive singular)
ашактарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
ашакымже (possessive prolative singular)
ашактарымже (plural possessive prolative)
ашакымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
ашактарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

ашактарымның

ашактарымдан

ашактарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *abučka (“husband, old man”). Cognate with Turkish abuş (“elder sister”), Kyrgyz абышка (abışka, “old man”).


кызыл

head

кызыл • (kızıl)

tyv-adj

кызыл • (kızıl)

From Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Cognate with Turkish kızıl (“scarlet”).


кызыл

head

кызыл • (kızıl) (definite accusative кызылды, plural кызылдар)

kızıl (romanization)
кызылды (accusative definite)
кызылдар (plural)


даш

даш • (daş) (definite accusative дашты, plural даштар)

daş (romanization)
дашты (accusative definite)
даштар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tiāĺ (“stone”). Cognate to Turkish taş (“stone”).


ат

ат • (at) (definite accusative атты, plural аттар)

at (romanization)
атты (accusative definite)
аттар (plural)
ат (nominative singular)
аттар (nominative plural)
аттың (genitive singular)
аттарның (genitive plural)
атты (accusative singular)
аттарны (accusative plural)
атка (dative singular)
аттарга (dative plural)
атта (locative singular)
аттарда (locative plural)
аттан (ablative singular)
аттардан (ablative plural)
атче (prolative singular)
аттарже (plural prolative)
аттыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
аттардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
атым (nominative possessive singular)
аттарым (nominative plural possessive)
атымның (genitive possessive singular)
аттарымның (genitive plural possessive)
атымны (accusative possessive singular)
аттарымны (accusative plural possessive)
атымга (dative possessive singular)
аттарымга (dative plural possessive)
атымда (locative possessive singular)
аттарымда (locative plural possessive)
атымдан (ablative possessive singular)
аттарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
атымже (possessive prolative singular)
аттарымже (plural possessive prolative)
атымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
аттарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

From Proto-Turkic *āt (“name”). Cognate with Kumyk ат (at), Turkish ad.

Мээң дуңмамның ады Кара-оол.


узун

From Proto-Turkic *uŕɨ-n (“long”). Cognate with Turkish uzun (“long”).

Бо хоорайда эң узун кудумчу-дур.


сарай

Via Russian сарай (saraj, “pigsty”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “palace”).


ине

head

ине • (ine) (definite accusative инени, plural инелер)

ine (romanization)
инени (accusative definite)
инелер (plural)


дөртен

дөртен • (dörten)


үжен

үжен • (üjen)


алды

алды • (aldı)


тозан

From тос (tos, “nine”) + он (on, “ten”), literally ‘nine tens’.
Cognate with Kazakh тоқсан (toqsan), Kyrgyz токсон (tokson), Southern Altai тогузон (toguzon), Kumyk токъсан (toqsan), etc.


бежен

By surface analysis, беш (beş, “five”) + он (on, “ten”).


дөрт

head

дөрт • (dört)


чээрби

чээрби • (çeerbi)

From Old Turkic 𐰘𐰏𐰼𐰢𐰃 (yigirmi/yégirmi), from Proto-Turkic *yẹgirmi (“twenty”).
Cognate with Kumyk йигирма (yigirma), Kyrgyz жыйырма (jıyırma), Shor чегирбе, Western Yugur yïğïrma, Yakut сүүрбэ (süürbe), etc.

cog

Shor чегирбе


алдан

Compound of алды (aldı, “six”) + он (on, “ten”).


чеди

head

чеди • (çedi)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i (“seven”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃 (yeti, “seven”), Kazakh жеті (jetı), Kyrgyz жети (jeti), Shor четти, Turkmen ýedi, Turkish yedi.


сес

Earlier *sēs<*segis<*sekis<*sekiz, from Proto-Turkic *sekiŕ (“eight”). Cognate with Kazakh сегіз (segız), Kyrgyz сегиз (segiz), Southern Altai сегис (segis), Old Turkic 𐰾𐰚𐰔 (sekiz), Western Yugur saqïz, Uzbek sakkiz, Turkish sekiz, etc.


чеден

чеден • (çeden)


тос

From Proto-Turkic *tokuŕ (“nine”). Cognate with Bashkir туғыҙ (tuğıź), Western Yugur dohğus, Tofa тоһъос (toh'os), Turkish dokuz (“nine”).


чалгын

чалгын • (çalgın) (definite accusative чалгынны, plural чалгыннар)

çalgın (romanization)
чалгынны (accusative definite)
чалгыннар (plural)


доозун

доозун • (doozun) (definite accusative доозунну, plural доозуннер)

doozun (romanization)
доозунну (accusative definite)
доозуннер (plural)


дазыл

дазыл • (dazıl) (definite accusative дазылды, plural дазылдар)

dazıl (romanization)
дазылды (accusative definite)
дазылдар (plural)


дырбак

дырбак • (dırbak) (definite accusative дырбакты, plural дырбактар)

dırbak (romanization)
дырбакты (accusative definite)
дырбактар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tïrŋa-k (“fingernail, claw”). Cognate with Turkish tırnak (“nail”).


кудурук

head

кудурук • (kuduruk) (definite accusative кудурукту, plural кудуруктар)

kuduruk (romanization)
кудурукту (accusative definite)
кудуруктар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kudruk (“tail”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸 (qudruq, “tail”), Turkish kuyruk (“tail”).


чүрек

чүрек • (çürek) (definite accusative чүректи, plural чүректер)

çürek (romanization)
чүректи (accusative definite)
чүректер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yürek (“heart, courage”). Cognate with Turkish yürek.


ыяш

ыяш • (ıyaş) (definite accusative ыяшты, plural ыяштар)

ıyaş (romanization)
ыяшты (accusative definite)
ыяштар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ïgač (“tree”). Cognate to Turkish ağaç (“tree”).

Чаа-Хөлдүң хаяң ыяжы дег хаяң / Чараш ыяш хаяң көрбээн-не мен хаяң

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Хаяң”, in Divine music from the jail:

I've never seen a tree / As beautiful as Chaa-Khol's tree

Çaa-Xöldüñ xayañ ıyajı deg xayañ / Çaraş ıyaş xayañ körbeen-ne men xayañ


дыл

дыл • (dıl) (definite accusative дылды, plural дылдар)

dıl (romanization)
дылды (accusative definite)
дылдар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *til, compare Kyrgyz тил (til), Turkish dil.

тыва дыл


карак

карак • (karak) (definite accusative каракты, plural карактар)

karak (romanization)
каракты (accusative definite)
карактар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *karak (“eye; pupil of eye”).


баар

head

баар • (baar) (stem бар-, indefinite past барган, negative барбас)

baar (romanization)
бар- (stem)
барган (indefinite past)
барбас (negative)

Мен база киноже баар мен.


баар

баар • (baar) (definite accusative баарны, plural баарлар)

baar (romanization)
баарны (accusative definite)
баарлар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *biagïr (“liver”). Cognate with Azerbaijani bağır (“liver”), Turkish bağır (“breast”).


ыр

ыр • (ır) (definite accusative ырны, plural ырлар)

ır (romanization)
ырны (accusative definite)
ырлар (plural)


харын

харын • (xarın)

From Mongolic. Compare Mongolian харин (xarin, “but”).

Ол адазынга эвес, харын-даа авазынга дөмей.

He resembles not his father, but his mother.

Ol adazınga eves, xarın-daa avazınga dömey.


дээр

дээр • (deer) (definite accusative дээрни, plural дээрлер)

deer (romanization)
дээрни (accusative definite)
дээрлер (plural)

Fusion (phonetics)
Metathesis (linguistics)

Coalesced from earlier metathetic *degir~*deŋir (compare with Khakas тигір (tigìr)), from Proto-Turkic *teŋri (“god; sky”). Cognate with Turkish tanrı (“god”).


дээр

дээр • (deer) (stem ди-, indefinite past дээн, negative дивес)

deer (romanization)
ди- (stem)
дээн (indefinite past)
дивес (negative)
дээр (future indicative)
дээр (first-person singular)
дивес (first-person negative plural)
дивес (first-person negative singular)
дээр (second-person singular)
дивес (negative plural second-person)
дивес (negative second-person singular)
дээр
дивес (negative plural third-person)
дивес (negative)
дээн (indicative past past-i)
дээн (first-person singular)
дивеен (first-person negative plural)
дивеен (first-person negative singular)
дээн (second-person singular)
дивеен (negative plural second-person)
дивеен (negative second-person singular)
дээн
дивеен (negative plural third-person)
дивеен (negative)
дидим (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
дидивис (first-person plural third-person)
диведим (first-person negative singular)
диведивис (first-person negative plural third-person)
дидиң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
дидиңер (plural second-person third-person)
диведиң (negative second-person singular)
диведиңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
диди (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
дидилер (plural third-person)
диведи (negative singular third-person)
диведилер (negative plural third-person)
дижей (resultative singular third-person)
дижей (first-person singular third-person)
дижей (second-person singular third-person)
дижей (plural third-person)
дизимзе (conditional first-person singular)
дизивиссе (first-person plural third-person)
дивезимзе (first-person negative singular)
дивезивиссе (first-person negative plural third-person)
дизиңзе (conditional second-person singular)
дизиңерзе (plural second-person third-person)
дивезиңзе (negative second-person singular)
дивезиңерзе (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизе (conditional singular third-person)
дизилер (plural third-person)
дивезе (negative singular third-person)
дивезилер (negative plural third-person)
дидир (evidential singular third-person)
дидир (first-person singular third-person)
диведир (first-person negative plural third-person)
диведир (first-person negative singular third-person)
дидир (second-person singular third-person)
диведир (negative plural second-person third-person)
диведир (negative second-person singular third-person)
дидир (plural third-person)
диведир (negative plural third-person)
дигей (optative singular third-person)
дигей (first-person singular third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative plural third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative singular third-person)
дигей (second-person singular third-person)
дивегей (negative plural second-person third-person)
дивегей (negative second-person singular third-person)
дигей (plural third-person)
дивегей (negative plural third-person)
дийн (first-person imperative singular)
дилиңер (first-person plural third-person)
дивейн (first-person negative singular)
дивелиңер (first-person negative plural third-person)
ди (imperative second-person singular)
диңер (plural second-person third-person)
диве (negative second-person singular)
дивеңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизин (imperative singular third-person)
дизиннер (plural third-person)
дивезин (negative singular third-person)
дивезиннер (negative plural third-person)
дээр (future participle third-person)
дивес (future negative participle third-person)
дээн (participle past past-i third-person)
дивеен (negative participle past past-i third-person)
дип (converb third-person)
дий (converb third-person)
дээш (converb past third-person)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *dǟ-är (“one may say”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰃𐰼 (t²ir² /ter/), Turkish der (“he/she/they/it says”).

inh+

Ол мени мынчаар кыл дээн.


дээр

head

дээр • (deer) (stem дег-, indefinite past дегген, negative дегбес)

deer (romanization)
дег- (stem)
дегген (indefinite past)
дегбес (negative)
дээр (future indicative)
дээр (first-person singular)
дивес (first-person negative plural)
дивес (first-person negative singular)
дээр (second-person singular)
дивес (negative plural second-person)
дивес (negative second-person singular)
дээр
дивес (negative plural third-person)
дивес (negative)
дээн (indicative past past-i)
дээн (first-person singular)
дивеен (first-person negative plural)
дивеен (first-person negative singular)
дээн (second-person singular)
дивеен (negative plural second-person)
дивеен (negative second-person singular)
дээн
дивеен (negative plural third-person)
дивеен (negative)
дидим (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
дидивис (first-person plural third-person)
диведим (first-person negative singular)
диведивис (first-person negative plural third-person)
дидиң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
дидиңер (plural second-person third-person)
диведиң (negative second-person singular)
диведиңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
диди (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
дидилер (plural third-person)
диведи (negative singular third-person)
диведилер (negative plural third-person)
дижей (resultative singular third-person)
дижей (first-person singular third-person)
дижей (second-person singular third-person)
дижей (plural third-person)
дизимзе (conditional first-person singular)
дизивиссе (first-person plural third-person)
дивезимзе (first-person negative singular)
дивезивиссе (first-person negative plural third-person)
дизиңзе (conditional second-person singular)
дизиңерзе (plural second-person third-person)
дивезиңзе (negative second-person singular)
дивезиңерзе (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизе (conditional singular third-person)
дизилер (plural third-person)
дивезе (negative singular third-person)
дивезилер (negative plural third-person)
дидир (evidential singular third-person)
дидир (first-person singular third-person)
диведир (first-person negative plural third-person)
диведир (first-person negative singular third-person)
дидир (second-person singular third-person)
диведир (negative plural second-person third-person)
диведир (negative second-person singular third-person)
дидир (plural third-person)
диведир (negative plural third-person)
дигей (optative singular third-person)
дигей (first-person singular third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative plural third-person)
дивегей (first-person negative singular third-person)
дигей (second-person singular third-person)
дивегей (negative plural second-person third-person)
дивегей (negative second-person singular third-person)
дигей (plural third-person)
дивегей (negative plural third-person)
дийн (first-person imperative singular)
дилиңер (first-person plural third-person)
дивейн (first-person negative singular)
дивелиңер (first-person negative plural third-person)
ди (imperative second-person singular)
диңер (plural second-person third-person)
диве (negative second-person singular)
дивеңер (negative plural second-person third-person)
дизин (imperative singular third-person)
дизиннер (plural third-person)
дивезин (negative singular third-person)
дивезиннер (negative plural third-person)
дээр (future participle third-person)
дивес (future negative participle third-person)
дээн (participle past past-i third-person)
дивеен (negative participle past past-i third-person)
дип (converb third-person)
дий (converb third-person)
дээш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *deg-är (“one may touch, reach”).


дээр

кажанга-даа дээр

кежээге дээр


сөөк

head

сөөк • (söök) (definite accusative сөөктү, plural сөөктер)

söök (romanization)
сөөктү (accusative definite)
сөөктер (plural)


аал

аал • (aal) (definite accusative аалды, plural аалдар)

aal (romanization)
аалды (accusative definite)
аалдар (plural)
аал (nominative singular)
аалдар (nominative plural)
аалдың (genitive singular)
аалдарның (genitive plural)
аалды (accusative singular)
аалдарны (accusative plural)
аалга (dative singular)
аалдарга (dative plural)
аалда (locative singular)
аалдарда (locative plural)
аалдан (ablative singular)
аалдардан (ablative plural)
аалже (prolative singular)
аалдарже (plural prolative)
аалдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
аалдардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
аалым (nominative possessive singular)
аалдарым (nominative plural possessive)
аалымның (genitive possessive singular)
аалдарымның (genitive plural possessive)
аалымны (accusative possessive singular)
аалдарымны (accusative plural possessive)
аалымга (dative possessive singular)
аалдарымга (dative plural possessive)
аалымда (locative possessive singular)
аалдарымда (locative plural possessive)
аалымдан (ablative possessive singular)
аалдарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
аалымже (possessive prolative singular)
аалдарымже (plural possessive prolative)
аалымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
аалдарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

аалдарымдыва

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āgïl. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰍𐰞 (aɣïl), Turkish ağıl, Uzbek ogʻil, Bashkir ауыл (awıl) and Yakut ыал (ıal).


үн

head

үн • (ün) (definite accusative үннү, plural үннер)

ün (romanization)
үннү (accusative definite)
үннер (plural)


өңнүк

өңнүк • (öñnük) (definite accusative өңнүктү, plural өңнүктер)

öñnük (romanization)
өңнүктү (accusative definite)
өңнүктер (plural)


сүт

сүт • (süt) (definite accusative сүттү, uncountable)

süt (romanization)
сүттү (accusative definite)


дүн

дүн • (dün) (definite accusative дүннү, plural дүннер)

dün (romanization)
дүннү (accusative definite)
дүннер (plural)


каш

From Proto-Turkic *Ka- (“interrogative prefix”). Cognate with Turkish kaç (“how many”).

inh

Каш кижи келгенил?


даг

head

даг • (dag) (definite accusative дагны, plural даглар)

dag (romanization)
дагны (accusative definite)
даглар (plural)


чигир

чигир • (çigir) (definite accusative чигирни, plural чигирлер)

çigir (romanization)
чигирни (accusative definite)
чигирлер (plural)
чигир (nominative singular)
чигирлер (nominative plural)
чигирниң (genitive singular)
чигирлерниң (genitive plural)
чигирни (accusative singular)
чигирлерни (accusative plural)
чигирге (dative singular)
чигирлерге (dative plural)
чигирде (locative singular)
чигирлерде (locative plural)
чигирден (ablative singular)
чигирлерден (ablative plural)
чигирже (prolative singular)
чигирлерже (plural prolative)
чигирдиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
чигирлердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
чигирим (nominative possessive singular)
чигирлерим (nominative plural possessive)
чигиримниң (genitive possessive singular)
чигирлеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
чигиримни (accusative possessive singular)
чигирлеримни (accusative plural possessive)
чигиримге (dative possessive singular)
чигирлеримге (dative plural possessive)
чигиримде (locative possessive singular)
чигирлеримде (locative plural possessive)
чигиримден (ablative possessive singular)
чигирлеримден (ablative plural possessive)
чигиримже (possessive prolative singular)
чигирлеримже (plural possessive prolative)
чигиримдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
чигирлеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

чигирлердиве

First person singular possessive forms

чигирлеримниң

чигирлеримни

чигирлеримге

чигирлеримде

чигирлеримден

чигирлеримже

чигирлеримдиве

From Mongolian чихэр (čixer, “sugar”), itself from Persian شکر (šakar) via Turkic, ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).


ө

The eighteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


азы

From Proto-Turkic *aŕu (“or”). Cognate with Karakhanid [script needed] (azu, “or”), Old Turkic [script needed] (azu, “or”).

Борта бөрү азы дилги чораан-дыр.


Тыва

head

Тыва • (Tıva)

Tıva (romanization)
Тыва (nominative singular)
Тывалар (nominative plural)
Тываның (genitive singular)
Тываларның (genitive plural)
Тываны (accusative singular)
Тываларны (accusative plural)
Тывага (dative singular)
Тываларга (dative plural)
Тывада (locative singular)
Тываларда (locative plural)
Тывадан (ablative singular)
Тывалардан (ablative plural)
Тываже (prolative singular)
Тываларже (plural prolative)
Тывадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
Тывалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
Тывам (nominative possessive singular)
Тываларым (nominative plural possessive)
Тывамның (genitive possessive singular)
Тываларымның (genitive plural possessive)
Тывамны (accusative possessive singular)
Тываларымны (accusative plural possessive)
Тывамга (dative possessive singular)
Тываларымга (dative plural possessive)
Тывамда (locative possessive singular)
Тываларымда (locative plural possessive)
Тывамдан (ablative possessive singular)
Тываларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
Тывамже (possessive prolative singular)
Тываларымже (plural possessive prolative)
Тывамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
Тываларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

Тываларымның

Тываларымдан

Тываларымдыва

desctree

→ Russian: Тыва́ f inan sg (Tyvá)
→ Mongolian:
Mongolian script: ᠲᠢᠸᠠ (tiwa)
Cyrillic script: Тыва (Tyva)


президент

head

президентини

президентилер

президент • (prezident) (definite accusative президентини, plural президентилер)

tyv-noun

президентини

президентилер

prezident (romanization)
президентини (accusative definite)
президентилер (plural)

Borrowed from Russian президе́нт m (prezidént, “a president”), from German Präsident m, from Latin præsidentem m or f (accusative singular of present active participle præsidēns m or f).

der

a president (of a state or an organisation)


үнүш

head

үнүш • (ünüş) (definite accusative үнүштү, plural үнүштер)

ünüş (romanization)
үнүштү (accusative definite)
үнүштер (plural)


кас

кас • (kas) (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

From earlier *qaz, from Proto-Turkic *kāŕ (“goose”). Cognate with Turkish kaz (“goose”).


тын

тын • (tın) (definite accusative тынны, plural тыннар)

tın (romanization)
тынны (accusative definite)
тыннар (plural)


амыр

амыр • (amır)

tyv-adj

амыр • (amır)

From Classical Mongolian ᠠᠮᠤᠷ (amur), from Proto-Mongolic *amu- (“to rest; peace”). Cognate with Mongolian амар (amar).


амыр

head

амыр • (amır)

экии экии#English

A greeting, more formal than экии; hello, greetings


амыр

амыр • (amır) (definite accusative амырны, plural амырлар)

amır (romanization)
амырны (accusative definite)
амырлар (plural)
амыр (nominative singular)
амырлар (nominative plural)
амырның (genitive singular)
амырларның (genitive plural)
амырны (accusative singular)
амырларны (accusative plural)
амырга (dative singular)
амырларга (dative plural)
амырда (locative singular)
амырларда (locative plural)
амырдан (ablative singular)
амырлардан (ablative plural)
амырже (prolative singular)
амырларже (plural prolative)
амырдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
амырлардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
амырым (nominative possessive singular)
амырларым (nominative plural possessive)
амырымның (genitive possessive singular)
амырларымның (genitive plural possessive)
амырымны (accusative possessive singular)
амырларымны (accusative plural possessive)
амырымга (dative possessive singular)
амырларымга (dative plural possessive)
амырымда (locative possessive singular)
амырларымда (locative plural possessive)
амырымдан (ablative possessive singular)
амырларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
амырымже (possessive prolative singular)
амырларымже (plural possessive prolative)
амырымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
амырларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

амырларымның

амырларымдан

амырларымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *amïr (“gentle, quiet”). Cognate with Khakas амыр (amır), Chuvash ӑмӑр (ămăr).


дилги

head

дилги • (dilgi) (definite accusative дилгини, plural дилгилер)

dilgi (romanization)
дилгини (accusative definite)
дилгилер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tülki, *tilkü (“fox”). Cognate with Turkish tilki, Bashkir төлкө (tölkö) etc.


бөрү

бөрү • (börü) (definite accusative бөрүнү, plural бөрүлер)

börü (romanization)
бөрүнү (accusative definite)
бөрүлер (plural)


дамды

дамды • (damdı) (definite accusative дамдыны, plural дамдылар)

damdı (romanization)
дамдыны (accusative definite)
дамдылар (plural)


акша

акша • (akşa) (definite accusative акшаны, plural акшалар)

akşa (romanization)
акшаны (accusative definite)
акшалар (plural)

Cognate with Bashkir аҡса (aqsa, “money”), Kazakh ақша (aqşa, “money”), Turkish akçe (“coin”).

(by extension) ruble (national currency of Russia)


салаа

салаа • (salaa) (definite accusative салааны, plural салаалар)

salaa (romanization)
салааны (accusative definite)
салаалар (plural)


ыш

ыш • (ış) (definite accusative ышты, plural ыштар)

ış (romanization)
ышты (accusative definite)
ыштар (plural)


булут

булут • (bulut) (definite accusative булутту, plural булуттар)

bulut (romanization)
булутту (accusative definite)
булуттар (plural)
булут (nominative singular)
булуттар (nominative plural)
булуттуң (genitive singular)
булуттарның (genitive plural)
булутту (accusative singular)
булуттарны (accusative plural)
булутка (dative singular)
булуттарга (dative plural)
булутта (locative singular)
булуттарда (locative plural)
булуттан (ablative singular)
булуттардан (ablative plural)
булутче (prolative singular)
булуттарже (plural prolative)
булуттува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
булуттардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
булутум (nominative possessive singular)
булуттарым (nominative plural possessive)
булутумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
булуттарымның (genitive plural possessive)
булутумну (accusative possessive singular)
булуттарымны (accusative plural possessive)
булутумга (dative possessive singular)
булуттарымга (dative plural possessive)
булутумда (locative possessive singular)
булуттарымда (locative plural possessive)
булутумдан (ablative possessive singular)
булуттарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
булутумже (possessive prolative singular)
булуттарымже (plural possessive prolative)
булутумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
булуттарымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

булуттардува

First person singular possessive forms

булуттарымның

булуттарымны

булуттарымга

булуттарымда

булуттарымдан

булуттарымже

булуттарымдува

From Proto-Turkic *bulït. Cognate with Turkish bulut, Northern Altai пулут (pulut), Yakut былыт (bılıt).


быт

head

быт • (bıt) (definite accusative бытты, plural быттар)

bıt (romanization)
бытты (accusative definite)
быттар (plural)


чаъс

чаъс • (çàs) (definite accusative чаъсты, plural чаъстар)

çàs (romanization)
чаъсты (accusative definite)
чаъстар (plural)

Related to Proto-Turkic *jaɢ- (“to rain”), whence Tuvan чаг- (çag-, “to rain, to hail, to snow”)

nc

чаъс чаар


каар

Possibly a back-formation of калыр (kalır), through removal of perceived passive suffix -л (-l).

Мени бажыңымга чедир үдеп каан.

(auxiliary, + -п) indicates completeness of an action


салгын

head

салгын • (salgın) (definite accusative салгынны, plural салгыннар)

salgın (romanization)
салгынны (accusative definite)
салгыннар (plural)

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian салхи (salxi).


хат

хат • (xat) (definite accusative хатты, plural хаттар)

xat (romanization)
хатты (accusative definite)
хаттар (plural)


теве

теве • (teve) (definite accusative тевени, plural тевелер)

teve (romanization)
тевени (accusative definite)
тевелер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *debe (“camel”). Cognate with Turkish deve.


көже

көже • (köje) (definite accusative көжени, plural көжелер)

köje (romanization)
көжени (accusative definite)
көжелер (plural)


ары

ары • (arı) (definite accusative арыны, plural арылар)

arı (romanization)
арыны (accusative definite)
арылар (plural)


ары

From Mongolic. Compare Classical Mongolian ᠠᠷᠤ (aru), Mongolian ар (ar).


куу

куу • (kuu) (definite accusative кууну, plural куулар)

kuu (romanization)
кууну (accusative definite)
куулар (plural)


куу

kuu (romanization)
кууну (accusative definite)
куулар (plural)
куу (nominative singular)
куулар (nominative plural)
куунуң (genitive singular)
кууларның (genitive plural)
кууну (accusative singular)
кууларны (accusative plural)
кууга (dative singular)
кууларга (dative plural)
кууда (locative singular)
кууларда (locative plural)
куудан (ablative singular)
куулардан (ablative plural)
кууже (prolative singular)
кууларже (plural prolative)
куудува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
куулардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
куум (nominative possessive singular)
кууларым (nominative plural possessive)
куумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
кууларымның (genitive plural possessive)
куумну (accusative possessive singular)
кууларымны (accusative plural possessive)
куумга (dative possessive singular)
кууларымга (dative plural possessive)
куумда (locative possessive singular)
кууларымда (locative plural possessive)
куумдан (ablative possessive singular)
кууларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
куумже (possessive prolative singular)
кууларымже (plural possessive prolative)
куумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кууларымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

кууларымдува

From Proto-Turkic *kugu (“swan”). Cognate with Azerbaijani qu, Southern Altai куу (kuu), Shor қуу, Turkish kuğu, Turkmen guw.


тары

head

тары • (tarı)

тарыыр тарыыр#Tuvan

second-person singular imperative of тарыыр (tarıır, “to grow [plants]”)


силер

From Proto-Turkic *siŕ + -лер (-ler). Cognate to Turkish siz (“you”).


олар

ол (ol, “he”) + -лар (-lar, “pluralising suffix”). Cognate to Turkish onlar (“they”).

suffix

they (third-person plural personal pronoun)


чаа

From Proto-Turkic *yaŋï (“new”). Cognate with Turkish yeni (“new”).

Кызылче баргаштың, чаа институтка ажылдаар мен.

When I go to Kyzyl, I'm going to work at a new university.

Kızılçe bargaştıñ, çaa institutka ajıldaar men.


дугуй

head

дугуй • (duguy) (definite accusative дугуйну, plural дугуйлар)

duguy (romanization)
дугуйну (accusative definite)
дугуйлар (plural)


эш

эш • (eş) (definite accusative эшти, plural эштер)

eş (romanization)
эшти (accusative definite)
эштер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄ĺ (“friend, companion”). Cognate with Turkish eş (“spouse”).


ыт

ыт • (ıt) (definite accusative ытты, plural ыттар)

ıt (romanization)
ытты (accusative definite)
ыттар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ï̄t (“dog”). Cognate with Turkish it.


аң

аң • (añ) (definite accusative аңны, plural аңнар)

añ (romanization)
аңны (accusative definite)
аңнар (plural)
аң (nominative singular)
аңнар (nominative plural)
аңның (genitive singular)
аңнарның (genitive plural)
аңны (accusative singular)
аңнарны (accusative plural)
аңга (dative singular)
аңнарга (dative plural)
аңда (locative singular)
аңнарда (locative plural)
аңдан (ablative singular)
аңнардан (ablative plural)
аңже (prolative singular)
аңнарже (plural prolative)
аңдыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
аңнардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
аңым (nominative possessive singular)
аңнарым (nominative plural possessive)
аңымның (genitive possessive singular)
аңнарымның (genitive plural possessive)
аңымны (accusative possessive singular)
аңнарымны (accusative plural possessive)
аңымга (dative possessive singular)
аңнарымга (dative plural possessive)
аңымда (locative possessive singular)
аңнарымда (locative plural possessive)
аңымдан (ablative possessive singular)
аңнарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
аңымже (possessive prolative singular)
аңнарымже (plural possessive prolative)
аңымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
аңнарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms


улуг өөрдүм

head

улуг өөрдүм • (ulug öördüm)

/ʊˌlʊɣ‿øːrˈdʏm/


хоорай

хоорай • (xooray) (definite accusative хоорайны, plural хоорайлар)

xooray (romanization)
хоорайны (accusative definite)
хоорайлар (plural)


манчы

манчы • (mançı) (definite accusative манчыны, plural манчылар)

mançı (romanization)
манчыны (accusative definite)
манчылар (plural)


көдээ суур

көдээ суур • (ködee suur) (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])


улуг

From Proto-Turkic *ulug (“big, great”). Cognate with Turkish ulu (“great”).

Ол эшинден ийи хар улуг.

He's years older than his friend. (literally, “bigger”)


быштак

быштак • (bıştak) (definite accusative быштакты, plural быштактар)

bıştak (romanization)
быштакты (accusative definite)
быштактар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *biĺči- (“to become boiled, ripe”). Cognate with Kyrgyz быштак (bıştak), Southern Altai быштак (bïštak), Karachay-Balkar бышлакъ (bışlaq)/ бишлакъ (bişlaq), Kumyk бишлакъ (bişlaq), Uzbek pishloq, Uyghur پىشلاق (pishlaq),Soyot :пыъштак, Shor пыжлақ (pïžlaq), Northern Altai пыштак (pïštak), Siberian Tatar пышлаҡ (pışlaq).


диш

head

диш • (diş) (definite accusative дишти, plural диштер)

diş (romanization)
дишти (accusative definite)
диштер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tīĺ (“tooth”). Cognate with Turkish diş (“tooth”).


амытан

амытан • (amıtan) (definite accusative амытанны, plural амытаннар)

amıtan (romanization)
амытанны (accusative definite)
амытаннар (plural)


чуур

чуур • (çuur)

çuur (romanization)
чуур (future indicative)
чуур (first-person singular)
чувас (first-person negative plural)
чувас (first-person negative singular)
чуур (second-person singular)
чувас (negative plural second-person)
чувас (negative second-person singular)
чуур
чувас (negative plural third-person)
чувас (negative)
чаан (indicative past past-i)
чаан (first-person singular)
чуваан (first-person negative plural)
чуваан (first-person negative singular)
чаан (second-person singular)
чуваан (negative plural second-person)
чуваан (negative second-person singular)
чаан
чуваан (negative plural third-person)
чуваан (negative)
чудум (first-person indicative past past-ii singular)
чудувус (first-person plural third-person)
чувадум (first-person negative singular)
чувадувус (first-person negative plural third-person)
чудуң (indicative past past-ii second-person singular)
чудуңар (plural second-person third-person)
чувадуң (negative second-person singular)
чувадуңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чуду (indicative past past-ii singular third-person)
чудулар (plural third-person)
чуваду (negative singular third-person)
чувадулар (negative plural third-person)
чужай (resultative singular third-person)
чужай (first-person singular third-person)
чужай (second-person singular third-person)
чужай (plural third-person)
чузумза (conditional first-person singular)
чузувусса (first-person plural third-person)
чувазымза (first-person negative singular)
чувазывусса (first-person negative plural third-person)
чузуңза (conditional second-person singular)
чузуңарза (plural second-person third-person)
чувазыңза (negative second-person singular)
чувазыңарза (negative plural second-person third-person)
чуза (conditional singular third-person)
чузулар (plural third-person)
чуваза (negative singular third-person)
чувазылар (negative plural third-person)
чудур (evidential singular third-person)
чудур (first-person singular third-person)
чувадыр (first-person negative plural third-person)
чувадыр (first-person negative singular third-person)
чудур (second-person singular third-person)
чувадыр (negative plural second-person third-person)
чувадыр (negative second-person singular third-person)
чудур (plural third-person)
чувадыр (negative plural third-person)
чугай (optative singular third-person)
чугай (first-person singular third-person)
чувагай (first-person negative plural third-person)
чувагай (first-person negative singular third-person)
чугай (second-person singular third-person)
чувагай (negative plural second-person third-person)
чувагай (negative second-person singular third-person)
чугай (plural third-person)
чувагай (negative plural third-person)
чуйн (first-person imperative singular)
чулыңар (first-person plural third-person)
чувайн (first-person negative singular)
чувалыңар (first-person negative plural third-person)
чу (imperative second-person singular)
чуңар (plural second-person third-person)
чува (negative second-person singular)
чуваңар (negative plural second-person third-person)
чузун (imperative singular third-person)
чузуннар (plural third-person)
чувазын (negative singular third-person)
чувазыннар (negative plural third-person)
чуур (future participle third-person)
чувас (future negative participle third-person)
чаан (participle past past-i third-person)
чуваан (negative participle past past-i third-person)
чуп (converb third-person)
чуй (converb third-person)
чааш (converb past third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *yu(b)- (“to wash; to bathe, to swim”).


хавак кирбии

head

хавак кирбии

хавак кирбиини

хавак кирбиилер

хавак кирбии • (xavak kirbii) (definite accusative хавак кирбиини, plural хавак кирбиилер)

tyv-noun

хавак кирбии

xavak kirbii (romanization)
хавак кирбиини (accusative definite)
хавак кирбиилер (plural)


ланчыы

head

ланчыы • (lançıı) (definite accusative ланчыыны, plural ланчыылар)

lançıı (romanization)
ланчыыны (accusative definite)
ланчыылар (plural)

[lˠɐn.d͡ʒɤː]

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠯᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤ (lanǰuu), from Mandarin 連珠／连珠 (liánzhū, “repeating”).


боо

head

боо • (boo) (definite accusative боону, plural боолар)

boo (romanization)
боону (accusative definite)
боолар (plural)

Borrowed from Mongolic (Written Oirat ᡋᡇᡇ (buu) or Classical Mongolian ᠪᠤᠤ (buu)), from Mandarin 炮 (pào, “cannon”). Compare also Tofa боо (boo); Kalmyk бу (bu), Buryat буу (buu), Mongolian буу (buu).

боо-биле адар


шажын

шажын • (şajın) (definite accusative шажынны, plural шажыннар)

şajın (romanization)
шажынны (accusative definite)
шажыннар (plural)

From a Mongolian source. Cognate to Mongolian шашин (šašin, “religion”).


кызаңнааш

кызаңнааштар

кызаңнааш • (kızañnaaş) (definite accusative кызаңнаашты, plural кызаңнааштар)

kızañnaaş (romanization)
кызаңнаашты (accusative definite)
кызаңнааштар (plural)


чаңнык

чаңнык • (çañnık) (definite accusative чаңныкты, plural чаңныктар)

çañnık (romanization)
чаңныкты (accusative definite)
чаңныктар (plural)


боостаа

боостаа • (boostaa) (definite accusative боостааны, plural боостаалар)

boostaa (romanization)
боостааны (accusative definite)
боостаалар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *bokur-dak. Cognate with Kyrgyz богуз (boguz), Tatar бугаз (buğaz), Turkish boğaz.


моюн

моюн • (moyun) (definite accusative моюнну, plural моюннар)

moyun (romanization)
моюнну (accusative definite)
моюннар (plural)


эът

эът • (èt) (definite accusative эътти, plural эъттер)

èt (romanization)
эътти (accusative definite)
эъттер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *et (“meat”). Cognate to Tofa эът (èt), Dukhan [Term?]; Northern Altai эт (et), Khakas ит (it), Shor эт (et), Yakut эт (et), Dolgan эт (et); Kyrgyz эт (et), Southern Altai эт (et), Kazakh ет (et), Turkish et; etc.

хой эъди

инек эъди


дус

дус • (dus) (definite accusative дусту, plural дустар)

dus (romanization)
дусту (accusative definite)
дустар (plural)


дүрген

дүрген • (dürgen)

tyv-adj

дүрген • (dürgen)


эр кижи

head

эр кижи • (er kiji) (definite accusative эр кижини, plural эр кижилер)

er kiji (romanization)
эр кижини (accusative definite)
эр кижилер (plural)


чеди хонук

чеди хонукту

чеди хонук • (çedi xonuk) (definite accusative чеди хонукту, uncountable)

çedi xonuk (romanization)
чеди хонукту (accusative definite)


шак

шак • (şak) (definite accusative шакты, plural шактар)

şak (romanization)
шакты (accusative definite)
шактар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *čiāk (“time”). Cognate with Turkish çağ (“era, period”).

Беш шак он беш минута.


тывар

тывар • (tıvar)

tyv-verb

тывар • (tıvar)

From Proto-Turkic *tap- (“to find”). Cognate with Turkish tapmak (“to find (dial.)”).

— Кым болур сен ынчаш? — Кым болур деп мен, тып көрем, авай?

1999, Aldyn-ool A.A., Бодуң номчу - бир классчыларга, page 43:

— What will you be then? — Why don't you try to guess what I'll be, mother?

— Kım bolur sen ınçaş? — Kım bolur dep men, tıp körem, avay?


хавак

head

хавак • (xavak) (definite accusative хавакты, plural хавактар)

xavak (romanization)
хавакты (accusative definite)
хавактар (plural)


дайын

дайын • (dayın) (definite accusative дайынны, plural дайыннар)

dayın (romanization)
дайынны (accusative definite)
дайыннар (plural)

Borrowed from Mongolic (Written Oirat ᡑᠠᠶᡅᠨ or Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ). Compare with Kalmyk дән (dän), Buryat дайн (dajn), Mongolian дайн (dajn), etc.


эштир

эштир • (eştir) (stem эжин-, indefinite past эжинген, negative эжинмес)

eştir (romanization)
эжин- (stem)
эжинген (indefinite past)
эжинмес (negative)


хүн

хүн • (xün) (definite accusative хүннү, plural хүннер)

xün (romanization)
хүннү (accusative definite)
хүннер (plural)
хүн (nominative singular)
хүннер (nominative plural)
хүннүң (genitive singular)
хүннерниң (genitive plural)
хүннү (accusative singular)
хүннерни (accusative plural)
хүнге (dative singular)
хүннерге (dative plural)
хүнде (locative singular)
хүннерде (locative plural)
хүнден (ablative singular)
хүннерден (ablative plural)
хүнже (prolative singular)
хүннерже (plural prolative)
хүндүве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
хүннердүве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
хүнүм (nominative possessive singular)
хүннерим (nominative plural possessive)
хүнүмнүң (genitive possessive singular)
хүннеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
хүнүмнү (accusative possessive singular)
хүннеримни (accusative plural possessive)
хүнүмге (dative possessive singular)
хүннеримге (dative plural possessive)
хүнүмде (locative possessive singular)
хүннеримде (locative plural possessive)
хүнүмден (ablative possessive singular)
хүннеримден (ablative plural possessive)
хүнүмже (possessive prolative singular)
хүннеримже (plural possessive prolative)
хүнүмдүве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
хүннеримдүве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

хүннеримдүве


саттынар

head

саттынар • (sattınar)


садар

садар • (sadar) (stem сат-, indefinite past саткан, negative сатпас)

sadar (romanization)
сат- (stem)
саткан (indefinite past)
сатпас (negative)

Morphologically сат- (sat-) + -ар (-ar).


селеске

селеске • (seleske) (definite accusative селескени, plural селескелер)

seleske (romanization)
селескени (accusative definite)
селескелер (plural)


хөлеге

хөлеге • (xölege) (definite accusative хөлегени, plural хөлегелер)

xölege (romanization)
хөлегени (accusative definite)
хөлегелер (plural)

From *köläkä (“shadow, shade”), from Proto-Turkic *köl- (“shadow, shade”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (kölägä, “shadow”), Kyrgyz көлөкө (kölökö), Bashkir күләгә (küləgə, “shadow, shade”).


дер

head

дер • (der) (definite accusative дерни, plural дерлер)

der (romanization)
дерни (accusative definite)
дерлер (plural)


сегел

сегел • (segel) (definite accusative сегелди, plural сегелдер)

segel (romanization)
сегелди (accusative definite)
сегелдер (plural)


сегел сал

сегел салдар

сегел сал • (segel sal) (definite accusative сегел салды, plural сегел салдар)

segel sal (romanization)
сегел салды (accusative definite)
сегел салдар (plural)


ыыт

ыыт • (ııt) (definite accusative ыытты, plural ыыттар)

ııt (romanization)
ыытты (accusative definite)
ыыттар (plural)


думчук

думчук • (dumçuk) (definite accusative думчукту, plural думчуктар)

dumçuk (romanization)
думчукту (accusative definite)
думчуктар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tumšuk. Cognate with Turkish tumşuk (“large beak”), Kazakh тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”), Kyrgyz тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”), Uzbek tumshuq (“beak”), Uyghur تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”) and Yakut тумус (tumus, “beak”).


хаай

хаай • (xaay) (definite accusative хаайны, plural хаайлар)

xaay (romanization)
хаайны (accusative definite)
хаайлар (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kaŋïr. Cognate with Tofa хаай (xaay), Turkmen gaňşyrawuk (“nasal cavity”).


бүүрек

бүүрек • (büürek) (definite accusative бүүректи, plural бүүректер)

büürek (romanization)
бүүректи (accusative definite)
бүүректер (plural)

[p̬ʉːˈre̞k̟]


чиик

чиик • (çiik)

tyv-adj

чиик • (çiik)

From a Proto-Turkic source. Compare Yakut чэпчэки (cepceki, “light”).


дискек

head

дискек • (diskek) (definite accusative дискекти, plural дискектер)

diskek (romanization)
дискекти (accusative definite)
дискектер (plural)


чырык

чырык • (çırık) (definite accusative чырыкты, plural чырыктар)

çırık (romanization)
чырыкты (accusative definite)
чырыктар (plural)

From Common Turkic *yaruq (“light”).
Synchronously, чыры- (çırı-, “to light up”) + -к (-k, “nominalising suffix”).


чырык

head

чырык • (çırık)

tyv-adj

чырык • (çırık)

Чырык черде кымдан артык чазык / Шырайлар-ла көвей

1999, Vladimir Oidupaa (lyrics and music), “Чүгле сен сен”, in Divine music from the jail:

In bright places, far more gracious than any else, / There are many faces

Çırık çerde kımdan artık çazık / Şıraylar-la kövey


сал

head

сал • (sal) (definite accusative салды, plural салдар)

sal (romanization)
салды (accusative definite)
салдар (plural)


бижек

бижек • (bijek) (definite accusative бижекти, plural бижектер)

bijek (romanization)
бижекти (accusative definite)
бижектер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *bïčgak (“knife”). Cognate with Tofa пишек, Nogai пышак (pışak), Kyrgyz бычак (bıcak), Southern Altai бычак (bïčak), Khakas пычах (pıçax), Shor пычақ (pïčaq), Yakut быһах (bıhaq).


будук

будук • (buduk) (definite accusative будукту, plural будуктар)

buduk (romanization)
будукту (accusative definite)
будуктар (plural)


согун

согун • (sogun) (definite accusative согунну, plural согуннар)

sogun (romanization)
согунну (accusative definite)
согуннар (plural)


чуурга

чуурга • (çuurga) (definite accusative чуурганы, plural чуургалар)

çuurga (romanization)
чуурганы (accusative definite)
чуургалар (plural)

Proto-Turkic *yumurtka (“egg”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (yumurtqa, “egg”); Khakas нымырха (nımırxa), Shor нымыртқа, Tofa нюмурһа, Yakut сымыыт (sımııt), Bashkir йомортҡа (yomortqa), Kazakh жұмыртқа (jūmyrtqa), Kyrgyz жумуртка (jumurtka), Southern Altai јымыртка (ǰïmïrtka), Azerbaijani, Turkish yumurta , Turkmen ýumurtga etc.

cog

Shor нымыртқа

Tofa нюмурһа


хол

head

хол • (xol) (definite accusative холду, plural холдар)

xol (romanization)
холду (accusative definite)
холдар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kol (“upper arm, hand”). Akin to the Yakut term below, but a false cognate with the Archi term above.


бажың

бажың • (bajıñ) (definite accusative бажыңны, plural бажыңнар)

bajıñ (romanization)
бажыңны (accusative definite)
бажыңнар (plural)

house (fixed residence, as opposed to a yurt)

школа бажыңы


моортай

моортай • (moortay) (definite accusative моортайны, plural моортайлар)

moortay (romanization)
моортайны (accusative definite)
моортайлар (plural)

From Mongolic *muur (“onomatopoeia for purring”) + -тай (-tay, “adjectival suffix”), literally "purring (animal)". Cognate to Mongolian муур (muur), Dukhan муурдай.

cog

Dukhan муурдай


диис

head

диис • (diis) (definite accusative диисти, plural диистер)

diis (romanization)
диисти (accusative definite)
диистер (plural)

From onomatopoeia of calling a cat. Compare Russian ки́са (kísa), English puss.


өшкү

өшкү • (öşkü) (definite accusative өшкүнү, plural өшкүлер)

öşkü (romanization)
өшкүнү (accusative definite)
өшкүлер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *ečkü. Cognate to Northern Altai эшке (eške), Shor ӧшкӱ (öškü, “goat (at home)”), Khakas ӧскі, etc.


маңнаар

маңнаар • (mañnaar)

Morphologically маңна- (mañna-) + -ар (-ar).


аът

аът • (àt) (definite accusative аътты, plural аъттар)

àt (romanization)
аътты (accusative definite)
аъттар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *at (“horse”).
Cognate with Tofa аът (aʺt), Khakas ат (at), Southern Altai ат (at), Kyrgyz ат (at), Kazakh ат (at), Turkish at, etc.


хаван

хаван • (xavan) (definite accusative хаванны, plural хаваннар)

xavan (romanization)
хаванны (accusative definite)
хаваннар (plural)


дээк

дээк • (deek) (definite accusative дээкти, plural дээктер)

deek (romanization)
дээкти (accusative definite)
дээктер (plural)


шооча

шооча • (şooça) (definite accusative шоочаны, plural шоочалар)

şooça (romanization)
шоочаны (accusative definite)
шоочалар (plural)


чүдей

чүдей • (çüdey)

чүдээр чүдээр#Tuvan


чыл

чыл • (çıl) (definite accusative чылды, plural чылдар)

çıl (romanization)
чылды (accusative definite)
чылдар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”). Cognate with Turkish yıl.


оор

оор • (oor) (definite accusative оорну, plural оорлар)

oor (romanization)
оорну (accusative definite)
оорлар (plural)


дүш

дүш • (düş) (definite accusative дүштү, plural дүштер)

düş (romanization)
дүштү (accusative definite)
дүштер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *tǖĺ (“dream”), compare Turkish düş (“dream”) and Bashkir төш (töş, “dream”).


дүш

From Proto-Turkic *düĺ (“noon”), compare Bashkir төш (töş, “noon”).


болгаш

болгаш • (bolgaş)

From болур (bolur, “to be”) + -гаш (-gaş, “suffix indicating posterity; after”).

suffix

Менде словарь болгаш номнар бар.


көөр

From Proto-Turkic *köri-, *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Kyrgyz көрүү (körüü), Turkish görmek.

Соңганы хаавыдып көр.

(auxiliary, + -п) Used to soften a request; please


узун чыда

head

узун чыдалар

узун чыда • (uzun çıda) (definite accusative узун чыданы, plural узун чыдалар)

uzun çıda (romanization)
узун чыданы (accusative definite)
узун чыдалар (plural)


пага

пага • (paga) (definite accusative паганы, plural пагалар)

paga (romanization)
паганы (accusative definite)
пагалар (plural)


пага төлү

пага төлүлер

пага төлү • (paga tölü) (definite accusative пага төлүн, plural пага төлүлер)

paga tölü (romanization)
пага төлүн (accusative definite)
пага төлүлер (plural)


көрүнчүк

көрүнчүк • (körünçük) (definite accusative көрүнчүктү, plural көрүнчүктер)

körünçük (romanization)
көрүнчүктү (accusative definite)
көрүнчүктер (plural)


көзенек

көзенек • (közenek) (definite accusative көзенекти, plural көзенектер)

közenek (romanization)
көзенекти (accusative definite)
көзенектер (plural)


демир

демир • (demir) (definite accusative демирни, plural демирлер)

demir (romanization)
демирни (accusative definite)
демирлер (plural)


хүлүмзүрүүр

хүлүмзүрүүр • (xülümzürüür)

From Proto-Turkic *gül-. Cognate with Turkish gülümsemek (“to smile”).


шенеттинер

шенеттинер • (şenettiner)


өөренир

өөренир • (öörenir) (stem өөрен-, indefinite past өөренген, negative өөренбес)

öörenir (romanization)
өөрен- (stem)
өөренген (indefinite past)
өөренбес (negative)

Reflexive form of Proto-Turkic *ögren- (“to get accustomed to; to learn”). Cognate with Turkish öğrenmek (“to learn”), see there for further cognates.

inh

Каш дугаар класстан эгелеп даштыкы дыл өөренип турарыл?

From which class on do you learn a foreign language?

Kaş dugaar klasstan egelep daştıkı dıl öörenip turarıl?


эрес дидим чорук

head

эрес дидим чорук

эрес дидим чорукту

эрес дидим чоруктар

эрес дидим чорук • (eres didim çoruk) (definite accusative эрес дидим чорукту, plural эрес дидим чоруктар)

tyv-noun

эрес дидим чорук

eres didim çoruk (romanization)
эрес дидим чорукту (accusative definite)
эрес дидим чоруктар (plural)


өөредир

head

өөредир • (ööredir) (stem өөрет-, indefinite past өөреткен, negative өөретпес)

ööredir (romanization)
өөрет- (stem)
өөреткен (indefinite past)
өөретпес (negative)

From Proto-Turkic *ögret-. Cognate with Turkish öğretmek.


согуна

согуна • (soguna) (definite accusative согунаны, plural согуналар)

soguna (romanization)
согунаны (accusative definite)
согуналар (plural)


кежээки хаяа

кежээки хаяаны

кежээки хаяалары

кежээки хаяа • (kejeeki xayaa) (definite accusative кежээки хаяаны, plural кежээки хаяалары)

tyv-noun

кежээки хаяалары

kejeeki xayaa (romanization)
кежээки хаяаны (accusative definite)
кежээки хаяалары (plural)

From кежээки (kejeeki, “evening”) + хаяа (xayaa, “radiance”).


эртенги хаяа

head

эртенги хаяаны

эртенги хаяалар

эртенги хаяа • (ertengi xayaa) (definite accusative эртенги хаяаны, plural эртенги хаяалар)

ertengi xayaa (romanization)
эртенги хаяаны (accusative definite)
эртенги хаяалар (plural)

From эртенги (ertengi, “morning”) + хаяа (xayaa, “radiance”).


хүннүң ажары

head

хүннүң ажары

хүннүң ажарын

хүннүң ажарлары

хүннүң ажары • (xünnüñ ajarı) (definite accusative хүннүң ажарын, plural хүннүң ажарлары)

tyv-noun

хүннүң ажары

хүннүң ажарын

хүннүң ажарлары

xünnüñ ajarı (romanization)
хүннүң ажарын (accusative definite)
хүннүң ажарлары (plural)

From хүн (xün, “day”) + ажар (ajar, “open”), literally “day's opening”.


солаңгы

head

солаңгы • (solañgı) (definite accusative солаңгыны, plural солаңгылар)

solañgı (romanization)
солаңгыны (accusative definite)
солаңгылар (plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *soloŋga (“rainbow”). Cognate with Mongolian солонго (solongo, “rainbow”).


куш

куш • (kuş) (definite accusative кушту, plural куштар)

kuş (romanization)
кушту (accusative definite)
куштар (plural)


биле

From Proto-Turkic *bile (“with, together, also”). Cognate with Shor пла, Karachay-Balkar бла (bla), Kumyk булан (bulan), Turkish ile, Western Yugur pli.

inh

instrumental case
instrumental case#English

Hyphenated after a word, forming its comitative or instrumental case.


кеш

head

кеш • (keş) (definite accusative кешти, plural кештер)

keş (romanization)
кешти (accusative definite)
кештер (plural)
кеш (nominative singular)
кештер (nominative plural)
кештиң (genitive singular)
кештерниң (genitive plural)
кешти (accusative singular)
кештерни (accusative plural)
кешке (dative singular)
кештерге (dative plural)
кеште (locative singular)
кештерде (locative plural)
кештен (ablative singular)
кештерден (ablative plural)
кешче (prolative singular)
кештерже (plural prolative)
кештиве (prolative prolative-ii singular)
кештердиве (plural prolative prolative-ii)
кешим (nominative possessive singular)
кештерим (nominative plural possessive)
кешимниң (genitive possessive singular)
кештеримниң (genitive plural possessive)
кешимни (accusative possessive singular)
кештеримни (accusative plural possessive)
кешимге (dative possessive singular)
кештеримге (dative plural possessive)
кешимде (locative possessive singular)
кештеримде (locative plural possessive)
кешимден (ablative possessive singular)
кештеримден (ablative plural possessive)
кешимже (possessive prolative singular)
кештеримже (plural possessive prolative)
кешимдиве (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
кештеримдиве (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

кештеримдиве


чан

head

чан • (çan) (definite accusative чанны, plural чаннар)

çan (romanization)
чанны (accusative definite)
чаннар (plural)


бай

From Proto-Turkic *bāj (“rich, noble; many, numerous”). Cognate with Turkish bay.


өг

head

өг • (ög) (definite accusative өгнү, plural өглер)

ög (romanization)
өгнү (accusative definite)
өглер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *eb (“dwelling place, house”). Cognate with Kazakh үй (üi), Kyrgyz үй (üy), Turkmen öý, Turkish ev.


уг

head

уг • (ug) (definite accusative угну, plural углар)

ug (romanization)
угну (accusative definite)
углар (plural)
уг (nominative singular)
углар (nominative plural)
угнуң (genitive singular)
угларның (genitive plural)
угну (accusative singular)
угларны (accusative plural)
угга (dative singular)
угларга (dative plural)
угда (locative singular)
угларда (locative plural)
угдан (ablative singular)
углардан (ablative plural)
угже (prolative singular)
угларже (plural prolative)
угдува (prolative prolative-ii singular)
углардува (plural prolative prolative-ii)
угум (nominative possessive singular)
угларым (nominative plural possessive)
угумнуң (genitive possessive singular)
угларымның (genitive plural possessive)
угумну (accusative possessive singular)
угларымны (accusative plural possessive)
угумга (dative possessive singular)
угларымга (dative plural possessive)
угумда (locative possessive singular)
угларымда (locative plural possessive)
угумдан (ablative possessive singular)
угларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
угумже (possessive prolative singular)
угларымже (plural possessive prolative)
угумдува (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
угларымдува (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms


арын

head

арын • (arın) (definite accusative арынны, plural арыннар)

arın (romanization)
арынны (accusative definite)
арыннар (plural)
арын (nominative singular)
арыннар (nominative plural)
арынның (genitive singular)
арыннарның (genitive plural)
арынны (accusative singular)
арыннарны (accusative plural)
арынга (dative singular)
арыннарга (dative plural)
арында (locative singular)
арыннарда (locative plural)
арындан (ablative singular)
арыннардан (ablative plural)
арынже (prolative singular)
арыннарже (plural prolative)
арындыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
арыннардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
арыным (nominative possessive singular)
арыннарым (nominative plural possessive)
арынымның (genitive possessive singular)
арыннарымның (genitive plural possessive)
арынымны (accusative possessive singular)
арыннарымны (accusative plural possessive)
арынымга (dative possessive singular)
арыннарымга (dative plural possessive)
арынымда (locative possessive singular)
арыннарымда (locative plural possessive)
арынымдан (ablative possessive singular)
арыннарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
арынымже (possessive prolative singular)
арыннарымже (plural possessive prolative)
арынымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
арыннарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

арыннарымның

арыннарымдан

арыннарымдыва

From Proto-Turkic *āl (“front, forehead”). Cognate with Turkish alın (“forehead”).


үр

From Proto-Turkic *ür (“long (of time)”). Cognate with Yakut өр (ör).

Үр чораан соонда бис баар черивиске чеде берген болган бис.

After walking for a long time, we reached our destination.

Ür çoraan soonda bis baar çeriviske çede bergen bolgan bis.


шын

head

шын • (şın) (definite accusative шынны, plural шыннар)

şın (romanization)
шынны (accusative definite)
шыннар (plural)
шын (nominative singular)
шыннар (nominative plural)
шынның (genitive singular)
шыннарның (genitive plural)
шынны (accusative singular)
шыннарны (accusative plural)
шынга (dative singular)
шыннарга (dative plural)
шында (locative singular)
шыннарда (locative plural)
шындан (ablative singular)
шыннардан (ablative plural)
шынже (prolative singular)
шыннарже (plural prolative)
шындыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыннардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
шыным (nominative possessive singular)
шыннарым (nominative plural possessive)
шынымның (genitive possessive singular)
шыннарымның (genitive plural possessive)
шынымны (accusative possessive singular)
шыннарымны (accusative plural possessive)
шынымга (dative possessive singular)
шыннарымга (dative plural possessive)
шынымда (locative possessive singular)
шыннарымда (locative plural possessive)
шынымдан (ablative possessive singular)
шыннарымдан (ablative plural possessive)
шынымже (possessive prolative singular)
шыннарымже (plural possessive prolative)
шынымдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
шыннарымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

First person singular possessive forms

шыннарымдыва


даа

Cognate with Khakas даа (daa), таа (taa), дее (dee), тее (tee); Shor да, та, Yakut да (da); Southern Altai да (da), та (ta), де (de), те (te), ; Kazakh да (da), де (de); etc.

(in the form …-даа, …-даа) both … and … (affirmatively); neither … nor … (negatively)


даа

head

даа • (daa) (definite accusative дааны, plural даалар)

daa (romanization)
дааны (accusative definite)
даалар (plural)

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠠ (da, “chief”), from Manchu ᡩᠠ (da, “chief”).

үгер-даа үгер-даа#Tuvan

short for үгер-даа (üger-daa, “appointed chief of a banner”)


капка

kapka (romanization)
капка (nominative singular)
капкалар (nominative plural)
капканың (genitive singular)
капкаларның (genitive plural)
капканы (accusative singular)
капкаларны (accusative plural)
капкага (dative singular)
капкаларга (dative plural)
капкада (locative singular)
капкаларда (locative plural)
капкадан (ablative singular)
капкалардан (ablative plural)
капкаже (prolative singular)
капкаларже (plural prolative)
капкадыва (prolative prolative-ii singular)
капкалардыва (plural prolative prolative-ii)
капкам (nominative possessive singular)
капкаларым (nominative plural possessive)
капкамның (genitive possessive singular)
капкаларымның (genitive plural possessive)
капкамны (accusative possessive singular)
капкаларымны (accusative plural possessive)
капкамга (dative possessive singular)
капкаларымга (dative plural possessive)
капкамда (locative possessive singular)
капкаларымда (locative plural possessive)
капкамдан (ablative possessive singular)
капкаларымдан (ablative plural possessive)
капкамже (possessive prolative singular)
капкаларымже (plural possessive prolative)
капкамдыва (possessive prolative prolative-ii singular)
капкаларымдыва (plural possessive prolative prolative-ii)

tyv-decl-noun

капкалардыва

First person singular possessive forms

капкаларымның

капкаларымны

капкаларымга

капкаларымда

капкаларымдан

капкаларымже

капкаларымдыва

Probably from Proto-Turkic *kap- (“to snatch, take; to bite”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (kap-, “to close, contact, catch”). Also compare Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, grab”); the similarity may reflect an onomatopoeic origin of both stems. Compare Turkish kapan (“trap, snare”), Russian капка́н (kapkán) (borrowed from Turkic), Crimean Tatar qapqan, and Georgian ხაფანგი (xapangi, “trap”).


кадар

From Proto-Turkic *Kat- (“to mix, add”).

Он кадар беш он беш болур.


кадар

head

кадар • (kadar) (stem кат-, indefinite past каткан, negative катпас)

kadar (romanization)
кат- (stem)
каткан (indefinite past)
катпас (negative)


ң

The sixteenth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


сени

сен сен#Tuvan


алдын

алдын • (aldın) (definite accusative алдынны, plural алдыннар)

aldın (romanization)
алдынны (accusative definite)
алдыннар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *altun (“gold”). Cognate with Turkish altın, etc.


адыг

адыг • (adıg) (definite accusative адыгны, plural адыглар)

adıg (romanization)
адыгны (accusative definite)
адыглар (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *adïg (“bear”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰑𐰍 (adïɣ), Bashkir айыу (ayıw), Kazakh аю (aü),Kyrgyz аюу (ayuu), Southern Altai айу (ayu), Karachay-Balkar айыу (ayıu), Khakas азығ (azığ), Turkish ayı, Uzbek ayiq, Karaim аyuv.


дүлгүүр

дүлгүүр • (dülgüür) (definite accusative дүлгүүрнү, plural дүлгүүрлер)

dülgüür (romanization)
дүлгүүрнү (accusative definite)
дүлгүүрлер (plural)


ортулук

ортулук • (ortuluk) (definite accusative ортулукту, plural ортулуктар)

ortuluk (romanization)
ортулукту (accusative definite)
ортулуктар (plural)


аас

аас • (aas) (definite accusative аасты, plural аастер)

aas (romanization)
аасты (accusative definite)
аастер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *āgïŕ (“mouth”). Cognate with Turkish ağız (“mouth”).


карт

cover (the front and back of a book, magazine, etc.)


солун

From Classical Mongolian ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ (sonin). Cognate with Mongolian сонин (sonin).

Мен силерге бир-ле кончуг солун чүве дыңнадыйн.

Let me tell you something very interesting.

Men silerge bir-le konçug solun çüve dıñnadıyn.


солун

солун • (solun) (definite accusative солунну, plural солуннар)

solun (romanization)
солунну (accusative definite)
солуннар (plural)


аңчы

аңчы • (añçı) (definite accusative аңчыны, plural аңчылар)

añçı (romanization)
аңчыны (accusative definite)
аңчылар (plural)

аң (añ, “wild animal”) + -чы (-çı, denominal agentive suffix).