f

Modification of upper case Latin letter F, from Greek Ϝ (W, “Digamma”), from Phœnician 𐤅 (W, “waw”), the ultimate source being probably Egyptian.


i

head

i (lower case Roman numeral, upper case I)

I (uppercase)
I (alternative)
Ⅰ (alternative)
ⅰ (alternative)

Lower case form of upper case Roman numeral I, apparently derived from the shape of a notch scored across a tally stick.


More information
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠁⟩: ⡁ ⢁ ⣁


b

Pronunciation of IPA [bɑː, ɑbbɑː] with the sound [b]

Modification of capital letter B by dropping its upper loop, from the Greek letter Β (“Beta”).


m

Pronunciation of IPA [mːɑː, ɑmmɑː] with the sound [m]

(music) mezzo, as in mezzo piano and mezzo forte


III

iii (alternative)
IIJ (alternative nonstandard)
iij (alternative nonstandard)
IIV (alternative nonstandard)
iiv (alternative nonstandard)
III. (alternative numeral ordinal)


IV

iv (alternative)
IIII (alternative)
iiii (alternative)
IIIJ (alternative nonstandard)
iiij (alternative nonstandard)
IV. (alternative numeral ordinal)


VII

VII (alternative numeral)
vii (alternative numeral)
vij (alternative numeral)
VII. (alternative numeral ordinal)


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ६ (6)). See 6 § Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit for more.

(music, superscript) an indicator that a triad is in first inversion.


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ७ (7)). See 7 § Evolution of the Arabic digit for more.

(music, superscript) an indicator that a chord is a dominant or major seventh chord


From Italian ottava (“octave”). Since the 20th century, the "a" has sometimes been interpreted as representing alta in Italian ottava alta (“octave higher”); compare 8vb.

(music) An instruction to play one octave higher or lower than indicated.


Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes

Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used as a placeholder in the text to indicate that a bar of the chant should be omitted; typically used when a verse or half-verse is very short.


Use as a multiplication sign is usually attributed to English mathematician William Oughtred.

Russ Millions × Tion Wayne

BAPE × Stüssy

2022 July 23, Gargi Harjai, “Where to buy the John Richmond × Playboy collection? Price, release date, and more explored”, in Sportskeeda (in English):

(music, fashion, etc.) Used to denote collaboration in the design, execution or branding of a piece.


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠷⟩: ⡷ ⢷ ⣷


(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where an extra breath should be taken, resulting in a brief pause.


dim

A Cᵈⁱᵐ chord is composed of C–E^♭-G^♭.

(music, popular music notation) diminished chord


(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where a barline occurs in the chant.


G

From a modification of the Latin letter C (“ce”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

(music) The major chord with a root of G.


I

From the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.


N

From the Etruscan letter 𐌍 (n, en), from the Ancient Greek letter Ν (N, nu), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤍 (n, nun), possibly from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓆓.

(music) Neapolitan chord (usually in first inversion, therefore followed by a superscript six)


V

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y, U, and F.

v (alternative numeral)
V. (alternative numeral ordinal)


RV

Initialism for German Ryom-Verzeichnis (“Ryom-Catalog”).

(music) Initialism, used in combination with a reference number to indicate a particular work of music by Antonio Vivaldi according to a catalog originally assembled by Danish musicologist Peter Ryom.


† (English symbol name dagger or obelus)

dagger (English name symbol)
obelus (English name symbol)

Derives from the obelus, ⟨⸓⟩. Originally shaped like a dagger, it is now sometimes identical in shape to a Latin cross.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used in the margin to indicate a nonstandard place where a verse should be sung with the second part of a two-part chant; typically used for the final verse of a psalm with an odd number of verses.


Δ

(music) Used after a pitch class to denote a major seventh chord with a note of said pitch as its root.


D.C. al fine

(music) Repeat from the beginning to the end, or to the word "fine".


NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «A7».ogg

(music) The dominant seventh chord on A, formed by the notes A, C♯, E and G, also written as A⁷.


From Italian quindicesima (“fifteenth”). Since the 20th century, the "a" has sometimes been interpreted as representing alta in Italian quindicesima alta (“fifteenth higher”); compare 15mb.

der

(music) An instruction to play two octaves higher than indicated.


Originally a lowercase b written with a round loop (the so called "round B" or "B rotundum") to distinguish from a lowercase b written with a square loop ("square B" or "B quadratum"), when the only notes used in (Western) music were what are now considered C, D, E, F, G, A, B-flat and B. The round B was used for the former and the square B for the latter. The round B was then later generalized as the symbol for flat notes.

(music) A flat; a bemol (a note one semitone lower).


Originally a lowercase b written with a square loop (the so called "square B" or "B quadratum") to distinguish from a lowercase b written with a round loop ("round B" or "B rotundum"), when the only notes used in (Western) music were what are now considered C, D, E, F, G, A, B-flat and B. The round B was used for the former and the square B for the latter. The square B was then later generalized as the symbol for non-flat notes, variants of which diverged into the modern natural and sharp signs.

(music) A sharp (a note one semitone higher).


(music) a natural (The cancelling of a flat "♭" or a sharp "♯")


Florian Cajori
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Johann Bernoulli

Use as a multiplication or product operator is usually attributed to German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. On 29 July 1698, he wrote in a letter to Johann Bernoulli (translated by Florian Cajori):
I do not like × as a symbol for multiplication, as it is easily confounded with x; […] often I simply relate two quantities by an interposed dot and indicate multiplication by ZC · LM. Hence, in designating ratio I use not one point but two points, which I use at the same time for division.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which indicates nonstandard places in the text where the chant should change note.


head

+ (English symbol name plus sign or plus)

plus sign (English name symbol)
plus (English name symbol)

antonym(s) of “addition or positiveness”

From a ligature of Latin et (“and”). Compare & and ⁊ of same meaning.


More information
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠵⟩: ⡵ ⢵ ⣵


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠃⟩: ⡃ ⢃ ⣃


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠉⟩: ⡉ ⢉ ⣉


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠙⟩: ⡙ ⢙ ⣙


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠑⟩: ⡑ ⢑ ⣑


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠋⟩: ⡋ ⢋ ⣋


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠛⟩: ⡛ ⢛ ⣛


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠓⟩: ⡓ ⢓ ⣓


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠊⟩: ⡊ ⢊ ⣊


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠚⟩: ⡚ ⢚ ⣚


(music) Two eighth notes connected with a beam.


(music) Two sixteenth notes connected with a beam.


sf

(music) sforzando (of playing: with a strong initial attack)


(music) Symbol for G seventh or dominant seventh.


The caesura mark is a variant of the medieval Latin virgula (“scratch comma”).

The angel of the Lord tarrieth | round about | them that ‖ fear him : | and de|livereth | them.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used to mark the place in a verse which corresponds to the double barline in the chant, in circumstances where this is not the same place as the colon which divides the two halves of the verse; typically done when one half is very short.


BWV

Initialism for the German Bach (“J.S.Bach”)-Werke (“works”)-Verzeichnis (“catalog”).

(music) Used to indicate a particular work of music according to a reference number assigned in the Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach, a catalog which provides a reference number for each work of music by Johann Sebastian Bach, or which has been attributed to him.


(music) Symbol for B seventh or dominant seventh.


(music) Indicates the end of a repeated passage of music.


(music) The five-lined musical staff, used in standard Western musical notation


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠂⟩: ⡂ ⢂ ⣂


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠅⟩: ⡅ ⢅ ⣅


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠆⟩: ⡆ ⢆ ⣆


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠌⟩: ⡌ ⢌ ⣌


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠒⟩: ⡒ ⢒ ⣒


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠔⟩: ⡔ ⢔ ⣔


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠡⟩: ⡡ ⢡ ⣡


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠤⟩: ⡤ ⢤ ⣤


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠇⟩: ⡇ ⢇ ⣇


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠍⟩: ⡍ ⢍ ⣍


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠎⟩: ⡎ ⢎ ⣎


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠕⟩: ⡕ ⢕ ⣕


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠥⟩: ⡥ ⢥ ⣥


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠣⟩: ⡣ ⢣ ⣣


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠩⟩: ⡩ ⢩ ⣩


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠪⟩: ⡪ ⢪ ⣪


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠱⟩: ⡱ ⢱ ⣱


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠸⟩: ⡸ ⢸ ⣸


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠴⟩: ⡴ ⢴ ⣴


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠬⟩: ⡬ ⢬ ⣬


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠏⟩: ⡏ ⢏ ⣏


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠗⟩: ⡗ ⢗ ⣗


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠝⟩: ⡝ ⢝ ⣝


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠞⟩: ⡞ ⢞ ⣞


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠧⟩: ⡧ ⢧ ⣧


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠫⟩: ⡫ ⢫ ⣫


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠭⟩: ⡭ ⢭ ⣭


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠮⟩: ⡮ ⢮ ⣮


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠳⟩: ⡳ ⢳ ⣳


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠶⟩: ⡶ ⢶ ⣶


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠹⟩: ⡹ ⢹ ⣹


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠺⟩: ⡺ ⢺ ⣺


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠟⟩: ⡟ ⢟ ⣟


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠻⟩: ⡻ ⢻ ⣻


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠽⟩: ⡽ ⢽ ⣽


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠾⟩: ⡾ ⢾ ⣾


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠿⟩: ⡿ ⢿ ⣿


`num`

# (English symbol name number sign or hash or pound sign or octothorpe)

number sign (English name symbol)
hash (English name symbol)
pound sign (English name symbol)
octothorpe (English name symbol)

(music) alternative form of ♯ (“sharp”).


A simplification of the punctus elevatus, ⟨⹎⟩.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks the place which splits a verse in two, corresponding to the central double barline in a two-part chant (unless otherwise indicated by ‖).


`vert`

| (English symbol name vertical bar or vertical line or pipe or pipe key)

vertical bar (English name symbol)
vertical line (English name symbol)
pipe (English name symbol)
pipe key (English name symbol)

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where a barline occurs in the chant.


rf

rfz (alternative)
rfz. (alternative)
rinf. (alternative)

(music) rinforzando (of playing: with special emphasis)


(music) Indicates the beginning of a repeated passage of music.


1̂

(music) tonic, or the first scale degree


2̂

(music) supertonic, or the second scale degree


3̂

(music) mediant, or the third scale degree


4̂

(music) subdominant, or the fourth scale degree


5̂

(music) dominant, or the fifth scale degree


6̂

(music) submediant, or the sixth scale degree


7̂

(music) subtonic or leading tone, the seventh scale degree


From Italian ottava bassa (“octave lower”), by analogy with 8va interpreted as an abbreviation of Italian ottava alta (“octave higher”).

(music) An instruction to play one octave lower than indicated.


⁶₄

second inversion
second inversion#English

(music) Indicates that a triad is in second inversion.


V⁷

dominant seventh chord
dominant seventh chord

(music) dominant seventh chord with the root as the dominant scale degree


(music) Indicates that the tempo quickens to one and a half times its original pace.


(music) Indicates that the tempo slows to two-thirds of its original pace.


Ⅴ/Ⅴ

(music) secondary dominant triad that tonicizes the dominant in the original key


Ⅴ⁷/Ⅴ

(music) secondary dominant seventh chord that tonicizes the dominant in the original key


ᴹ⁷

(music) An indicator that a seventh chord is major.


˚⁷

diminished
diminished seventh chord#English

(music) An indicator that a seventh chord is diminished.


Ø⁷

half diminished
half-diminished seventh chord

(music) an indicator that a seventh chord is half diminished


(music, quarter notes and longer) split into eighth note pulses

(music, quarter notes and shorter) split into two notes each with half the duration of the notated note


(music, quarter notes and longer) split into sixteenth note pulses

(music, quarter notes and shorter) split into four notes each with one fourth the duration of the notated note, sometimes resulting in a tremolo


(music) an indicator that a note's duration should be multiplied by 1.5


(music) an indicator that a note's duration should be multiplied by 1.75


(music) A separator between two measures or bars.

(music) A line that closes the staff at the beginning and end of the staff on the right and left side of the page.

(music) A line that connects the staves of grand staff.


(music) An indicator of a change of key signature or any other major change.

(music) indicates a da capo or dal segno

(music, rare) Used at the end of single-line pieces, e.g. for scales or some demonstrative pieces.


(music) indicates the end of a piece or movement


(music) indicates where to return from a dal segno


From Italian quindicesima bassa (“fifteenth lower”), by analogy with 15ma interpreted as an abbreviation of Italian quindicesima alta (“fifteenth higher”).

der

(music, very rare) An instruction to play two octaves lower than indicated.


sfz

(music) sforzando (of playing: with a strong initial attack)


mov.

(music) abbreviation of movimento (“movement, motion”)


iv

IV (alternative)
IIII (alternative)
iiii (alternative)
IIIJ (alternative nonstandard)
iiij (alternative nonstandard)


𝆩⁷ (alternative)
Ø (alternative)
Ø⁷ (alternative)

half-diminished seventh chord
half-diminished seventh chord

(music, jazz theory) Used after a pitch class to denote a half-diminished seventh chord with a note of said pitch as its root.

(music) niente, a dynamic marker representing total silence


(music) A fermata note. E.g. fermata ⟨♩͒⟩ is held longer than an unmarked quarter note ⟨♩⟩.


(music, Persian) sori (a quarter-tone sharp)


(music, Persian) koron (a quarter-tone flat)


1827, Franz Schubert, Impromptu in G♭ major, Opus 90, № 3, Andante (D. 899), published 1857, incipit


(music, rare) A quarter tone sharp note.


(music, dated) A three-quarter tone sharp note.

(music) An undefined microtone note between a sharp and three-quarter tone sharp; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


(music, dated) A quarter tone sharp note.

(music) An undefined microtone note between a quarter tone sharp and a full sharp; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


(music) An undefined microtone note less than a quarter tone sharp; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


(music, dated) A quarter tone flat note.

(music) An undefined microtone note less than a quarter tone flat; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


(music) An undefined microtone note between a quarter tone flat and a full flat; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


(music, dated) A three-quarter tone flat note.

(music) An undefined microtone note between a flat and three-quarter tone flat; the exact value needs to be defined for each work.


Bloomsbury Publishing
The Guardian
Twitter
Vox (website)

Various:
* (punk): Arose in the late 1970s, origin obscure.
* (solidarity): Proposed by the British Twitter user @cheeahs on 26 June 2016 as an object which can be subtly attached to one's clothing to signify being a "safe" ally to those experiencing racism following the United Kingdom's Brexit referendum. After going viral on the platform in the following days, the safety pin became a symbol against worldwide racism as a whole and later any forms of discrimination in general.
* (diaper): Resembles a diaper pin; by extension used as a metonym for babies or childcare in general.
* (sewing): Safety pins are widely applicable to sewing as they can be used to fasten fabrics; by extension, applicable and useful also in arts and crafts.


(music) An instruction indicating that the player should rest for multiple bars.


rfz

rf (alternative)
rfz. (alternative)
rinf. (alternative)

(music) rinforzando (of playing: with special emphasis)


rfz.

rf (alternative)
rfz (alternative)
rinf. (alternative)


rinf.

rf (alternative)
rfz (alternative)
rfz. (alternative)


head

sus4 (English symbol name suspended fourth)

A Cˢᵘˢ⁴ chord is composed of C–F-G.

suspended fourth chord
suspended fourth chord

(music, popular music notation) suspended fourth chord


sus2 (English symbol name suspended second)

A Cˢᵘˢ² chord is composed of C–D-G.

suspended second chord
suspended second chord

(music, popular music notation) suspended second chord