A

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for adenine in genetic code.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter symbol for alanine in proteins.


pseudo-

(biology) Not a true, appearing like a true


familia

(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below ordo and above genus.


Polycystidea

(obsolete, zoology) A division of Gregarinia including those that have two or more internal divisions of the body.

(obsolete, zoology) A species of large brown algae, Cystophora polycystidea found in Spencer Gulf, South Australia.


槿

Han char

槿 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木廿中一 (DTLM), four-corner 4491₄, composition ⿰木堇)

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

(botany) a type of rose known as Chinese hibiscus, Chinese rose, Hawaiian hibiscus, shoeblackplant (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


Derives from overset Io, a Latin abbreviation of either interiectiō (“interjection”) or the interjection iō (“hey!”), placed at the end of an exclamation to mark it as such. It expresses awe, wonderment (Latin admīrātiō) in the clause.

punctuation mark denoting excitement, surprise, or shock

TYPE: Mexico. Nayarit: Tepic, 10 Feb. 1927, Marcus E. Jones 23357 (holotype, POM not seen; isotype, US!).

2008 June, A Michele Funston, “Taxonomic Revision of Roldana (Asteraceae: Senecioneae), a Genus of the Southwestern U.S.A., Mexico, and Central America”, in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 95, number 2 (in English), page 307:

(botany) Placed after a herbarium abbreviation to indicate that the mentioned material held there has been examined directly by the author.


-ulus

(taxonomy) used to form genus names, especially from other genus names, indicating smaller size


A (copper/bronze) handmirror, symbol of the Greek goddess Aphrodite (and her Roman equivalent Venus). The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.

In his Mantissa Plantarum (1767) and Mantissa Plantarum altera (1771), [Linnaeus] regularly used ♂, ♀ and ☿ for male, female and hermaphrodite flowers respectively.

1961 August 17, New Scientist, volume 11, number 248 (in English), Reed Business Information, →ISSN, page 413:

Figure 2. Ossicones, secondary ossification, and sinuses of Giraffa: A Lateral aspect of skull showing courses of veins, areas of dense ossification (heavily stippled) and lesser secondary ossification (lightly stippled), and outlines of skull roofs of male (♂) and female (♀) adults.

1990, Charles S. Churcher, “Cranial Appendages of Giraffoidea”, George A. Bubenik, Anthony B. Bubenik, Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers: Evolution, Morphology, Physiology, and Social Significance, New York: Springer-Verlag, chapter 1.5, page 183

I was quite surprised that a few of my friends found the male ♂ (mars) and female ♀ (venus) symbols on toilets in pubs/bars confusing ...

2015 July 6, Andy Burns, “Re: C4 last leg”, in uk.tech.broadcast (Usenet; in English):

(botany, of a flower) pistillate, carpellate.


Use as a multiplication sign is usually attributed to English mathematician William Oughtred.

Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora; Ursus maritimus × Ursus arctos

(taxonomy) Used in various ways to indicate hybridization between two or more different taxa.


The circle and arrow represent the shield and spear, respectively, of the Ancient Greek god of war Ares (and his Ancient Roman equivalent Mars). In the Medieval era the spear had crossed in front of the shield, and the ancient form lacked the shield altogether.

Habitat in Cubae humidiusculis. ♂, ♃.

1767, Carl Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum, 6 edition (in Latin), page 80:

(the orbital period of Mars is 2 years)


A simple caduceus (☤) of the Greek god Hermes (and his Roman equivalent Mercury), as seen with a much longer staff in stylized representations of that god e.g. on pottery. The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.

(Replaced by ⟨⚥⟩.)

(botany, of a flower, obsolete) perfect, hermaphrodite.

Ants like the honey-bees and one section of the wasps, are social insects with, in any well-established nest or community, three distinct forms—the perfect and fertile female (♀) the male (♂), and the so-called neuter or worker (☿), which is merely an undeveloped female.

1903, C. T. Bingham, Hymenoptera.—Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps (The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma) (in English), London: Taylor and Francis, page v:


CV

(virology) circovirus: A virus of the genus Circovirus

(virology) coronavirus: A virus of the genus Coronavirus


XX

An autosomal recessive gene causes gonadal dysgenesis in XX individuals, and several distinct entities have been identified.

2001, Kenneth L. Becker (ed), Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism (in English), →ISBN, page 857:

If a Y chromosome is present in an XX-karyotyped individual, gonadal removal is necessary due to the risk of gonadoblastoma.

2007, Fima Lifshitz (ed), Pediatric Endocrinology, Volume 2 (in English), →ISBN, page 358:

The group at John Hopkins^([sic]), as well as many others, dropped the "true sex" policy (such as XX or XY) and adopted the "optimal gender" policy for assigning sex to sexually ambiguous children.

2009, Gerald N. Callahan, Between XX and XY: Intersexuality and the Myth of Two Sexes (in English), →ISBN, page 30:

(genetics) Having a female configuration of chromosomes as per the XY system.

(genetics) Synonym of ZZ (“having a male configuration of chromosomes as per the ZW system”)


-us

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names.


Archebacteria

(biology) Alternative spelling of Archaebacteria


PCV

(virology, taxonomy) Porcine circovirus: A taxonomic species within the genus Circovirus – now divided into species Porcine circovirus 1, Porcine circovirus 2, Porcine circovirus 3.


Artemisia pontica

(botany) A taxonomic species within the family Asteraceae – Roman wormwood, as used in absinthe.


Ad

(virology) adenovirus; Abbreviation of Adenoviridae.


Ah

Aetokthonos hydrillicola
Aetokthonos hydrillicola#Translingual

(taxonomy) Abbreviation of Aetokthonos hydrillicola.


Ala

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter symbol for alanine


Asp

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of aspartic acid


B

(biochemistry) As an IUPAC code for amino acids, aspartic acid or asparagine.


C

* (element symbol, carbon): abbreviation
* (metrology, coulomb): abbreviation
* (computing, hexadecimal 12): From its position as the twelfth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for cysteine

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any cytosine


D

* (chemistry, deuterium): abbreviation of deuterium
* (computing, hexadecimal 13): From its position as the thirteenth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}
* (Germany): abbreviation of German word Deutschland (“Germany”)

(biochemistry) IUPAC one-letter abbreviation for aspartic acid.


E

From the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for glutamic acid


F

From the Etruscan letter 𐌅 (v, “ve”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϝ (W, “digamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for phenylalanine.


G

From a modification of the Latin letter C (“ce”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

(biochemistry) glycine, a natural amino acid.

(biochemistry) Any of the nucleotides guanodine, nucleoside guanosine, or nucleobase guanine, which are components of DNA.


H

From the Etruscan letter 𐌇 (h, he), from the Ancient Greek letter Η (Ē, eta), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤇 (ḥ, het), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓈈 or maybe 𓉗.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for histidine


His

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of histidine


I

From the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for isoleucine


Ile

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of isoleucine


K

From the Etruscan letter 𐌊 (k, “ka”), from the Ancient Greek letter Κ (K, “kappa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤊 (k, “kap”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂧.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for lysine.


L

From the Etruscan letter 𐌋 (l, “el”), from the Ancient Greek letter Λ (L, “lambda”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤋 (l, “lamed”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌅.

(biochemistry, IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation) leucine


Leu

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of leucine


Lys

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of lysine


M

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of methionine, as established by IUPAC.


Met

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of methionine


N

From the Etruscan letter 𐌍 (n, en), from the Ancient Greek letter Ν (N, nu), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤍 (n, nun), possibly from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓆓.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for aspargine


P

From the Etruscan letter 𐌐 (p, “pe”), from the Ancient Greek letter Π (P, “pi”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤐 (p, “pe”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂋.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for proline


Pro

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter Abbreviation of proline.


Q

English: max Q

Ancient Greek language
Egyptian language
Etruscan language
Phoenician language
Q

From the Etruscan letter 𐌒 (q, “cu”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϙ (Q, “qoppa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤒 (q, “qop”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃻.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for glutamine.


R

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.


S

From the Etruscan letter 𐌔 (s, “es”), from the Ancient Greek letter Σ (S, “sigma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤔 (š, “šin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌒.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for serine


Ser

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of serine


T

From the Etruscan letter 𐌕 (t, “te”), from the Ancient Greek letter Τ (T, “tau”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤕 (t, “taw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏴.

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for thymine

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for threonine


U

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y, V, and F.

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for uracil


V

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y, U, and F.

v (alternative numeral)
V. (alternative numeral ordinal)

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for valine


Val

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of valine


W

From a modification of the Latin letter V (“ve”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.
Its use as a symbol for tungsten is based on German Wolfram.

UU (alternative obsolete)
Uu (alternative obsolete)
VV (alternative obsolete)
Vv (alternative obsolete)

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for tryptophan.


Y

A late borrowing from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), first used to write Greek loanwords in Latin, derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of U, V, and F.

(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any pyrimidine

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for tyrosine


Z

From the Etruscan letter 𐌆 (z, “ze”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤆 (z, “zayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏭.

(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for either glutamine or glutamic acid


rb

(entomology, dated) Abbreviation of orbicula.


sensu lato

From Latin sēnsū lātō (“in the broad sense”).

The circumscription of the family Malvaceae in the APG II system is much broader than previously accepted. The family in its wider circumscription can be indicated as Malvaceae sensu lato.


meso-

From Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “middle”).

(taxonomy, biology) intermediate in size or other characteristic.


Zygobranchia

(dated, zoology) A taxonomic order within the class Gastropoda – marine gastropods in which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also paired.


Zoöphyta

(zoology, archaic) An extensive, artificial, and heterogeneous group of animals, formerly adopted by many zoologists, which included the coelenterates, echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa, etc; sometimes restricted to the Coelenterata or to the Anthozoa.


Zonaria

New Latin, from Latin zonarius (“of a belt or girdle”)

(obsolete, zoology) A division of Mammalia characterized by girdle-like (zonal) placentas.


Zoanthacea

(archaic, zoology) A taxonomic suborder within the order Actinaria – members of which are now generally in order Zoantharia, including Zoanthus and allied genera of marine polyps, which are permanently attached by their bases.


head

† (English symbol name dagger or obelus)

dagger (English name symbol)
obelus (English name symbol)

Derives from the obelus, ⟨⸓⟩. Originally shaped like a dagger, it is now sometimes identical in shape to a Latin cross.

"Type: Zaire, Ruwenzori, Butago valley, Mildbraed 2575 (holotype B†; isotype BR)."

1986, Charles Jeffrey, “The Senecioneae in East Tropical Africa: Notes on Compositae: IV”, in Kew Bulletin, volume 41, number 4 (in English), →DOI, page 906:

(botany) Used to indicated a destroyed type specimen.

crux desperationis
crux desperationis#Translingual

(textual criticism, palaeography) crux critica, crux desperationis, used around a corrupt part of a text


(biology) mouse G protein-coupled receptor 26

(biology) rat G protein-coupled receptor 26


(biology) human G protein-coupled receptor 26


ε

Extinction coefficient
extinction coefficient


Δ

(genetics) Used before a gene name as a modifier to denote a deletion mutation of that gene.


ψ

(physics, biochemistry) Water potential in cells.


lepto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós, “thin”).


[…] antibody response to Influenza (A2) virus.

1877, John Holmes Dingle, Biographical Memoirs, volume 61 (in English):

(virology) A type of Asian influenza virus.


Tyr

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of tyrosine


Macropus

From Ancient Greek μακρόπους (makrópous, “long-footed”), from μακρός (makrós, “long”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

der

(taxonomy, obsolete) A generic name which has been variously used for certain fishes, birds, insects, and crustaceans. No longer in use, being antedated by the same name in mammalogy.


eudicots

(botany) A taxonomic clade within the clade Angiosperms – comprising most of the broadly defined dicotyledons.


Bryophyta

→ English: bryophyte

→ Greek: βρυόφυτα (vryófyta)

(botany, obsolete) A botanical name at the rank of division or phylum including all the bryophytes (the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts).


-ophyta

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek φυτά (phutá), plural of φυτόν (phutón, “plant”), from φύω (phúō, “to bring forth, to produce, to put forth”).

(taxonomy) Used to form names of divisions or phyla of plants or algae


-mycota

From Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”) + -ota.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of divisions or phyla of fungi


-phytina

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subdivisions or subphyla of plants or algae.


-mycotina

From -mycota (“fungal division or phylum”) + -ina (“subordinate taxon”).

af

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subdivisions or subphyla of fungi.


-opsida

New Latin, from stem of Ancient Greek ὄψις (ópsis, “appearance”)

der

(taxonomy) Used to form names of classes of plants


-phyceae

New Latin, from Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed, wrack”)

(taxonomy) Used to form names of classes of algae


-mycetes

New Latin, from Ancient Greek, a plural form of μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom, fungus, mushroom-shaped objects”)

(taxonomy) Used to form names of classes of fungi and some bacteria


-idae

→ English: -id (semantic loan)

→ Greek: -ίδες (-ídes) (semantic loan)

Family (biology)#History
Pierre André Latreille
William Kirby (entomologist)

Plural of a Latin transliteration of Ancient Greek -ίδης (-ídēs), a patronymic suffix. Known to have been interpreted by some as representing instead the plural of a Latin transliteration of Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs, adjectival suffix), from εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, resemblance”).
Proposed in 1811 by William Kirby, a British entomologist, to simplify and make uniform the system of Pierre André Latreille which divided insect orders into sections. See more on Wikipedia: Family (biology) § History.

translit

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subclasses of plants.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of families of animals.


-phycidae

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subclasses of algae


-mycetidae

New Latin, from Ancient Greek stem of μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom, fungus, mushroom-shaped objects”) + -idae

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subclasses of fungi.


-anae

New Latin, from feminine plural of Latin -anus

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names of superorders of plants, algae and fungi


-ales

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names of orders.


-acea

From Latin -acea, neutral plural of -aceus: belonging to, the nature of (enlarged from adjective suffix -ax, genitive -acis).

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names of superfamilies of plants, algae and fungi

(zoology) Used to form taxonomic names of animals of the rank of order, suborder, or similar

(zoology, obsolete) Used to form taxonomic names of animals of the rank of superfamily before the taxonomic code was changed to prohibit such names


-aceae

From the Latin -āceae, the feminine plural of -āceus (“resembling”).

(taxonomy) Used to form the name of taxonomic families of plants, algae, bacteria, and fungi


-eae

(taxonomy) Used to form names of taxonomic tribes of plants, algae and fungi


-inae

From Latin -īnae, feminine plural form of -īnus (“-ine”).

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subfamilies of animals.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of plants, algae and fungi and viruses.


-oidea

New Latin, from Latin neuter plural form of -oideus (“resembling”)

(taxonomy) Used to form names of superfamilies of animals. Name may be conserved when the rank is changed, as to a parv-, infra-, or suborder, or an order or higher rank. Previously used to form names of higher rank, eg, class, which are often conserved


-ini

New Latin, nominative plural form of Latin -inus

(taxonomy) Used to indicate tribes of animals


-ina

(taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of animals

(taxonomy) Used to form names of suborders of animals

(taxonomy) Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived

(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism


A stylized representation of (ripples of) water.


A pair of fish; the stroke joining them is relatively recent.


The Greek letter Zeta with an abbreviation stroke, for Ζεύς (Zeús), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Jupiter. The form changed from Classical and early Medieval ⟨Ƶ⟩ to one with a more salient cross, ⟨♃⟩, in the 15th–16th century, at about the time that Christian crosses were added to ⟨☿⟩, ⟨♀⟩ and ⟨♄⟩, and so may have had a similar motivation.

Habitat in Cubae humidiusculis. ♂, ♃.

(the orbital period of Jupiter is 12 years)

(botany, obsolete) herbaceous perennial plant.


The Greek letters kappa-rho with an abbreviation stroke at bottom, for Κρόνος (Krónos), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Saturn. The cross at top was added later, to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.

Habitat in Carthagenae silvis, ♄.

1767, Carl Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum, 6 edition (in Latin), page 118:

(the orbital period of Saturn is 30 years)

(botany, obsolete) woody perennial plant.


FIV

(virology, initialism) Feline immunodeficiency virus.


The shield of the sun god Apollo, with a boss in the center. Medieval replacement of ⟨🜚⟩, the sun with a single ray, which in ancient times had replaced a sun orb surrounded by multiple rays.
Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph ⟨⟩ and the Chinese character ⟨⟩, both of which mean 'sun' and 'day'.


incertae sedis

From Latin incertae, genitive singular feminine of incertus (“uncertain”) + sēdis, genitive singular of sēdēs (“seat; place”). The two forms agree in the genitive case and together literally mean "of uncertain placement".

The placement of the genus Dipentodon? Well, in the APG II (2003) system it is listed as incertae sedis.

(taxonomy) A term applied to a taxon or group of taxa whose relationship with others is unknown or undecided.


pseudoplatanus

specific epithet
specific epithet#English


pseudoplatanus

head

pseudoplatanus m (feminine pseudoplatana, neuter pseudoplatanum)

pseudoplatana (feminine)
pseudoplatanum (neuter)


Dysnomia

(taxonomy, obsolete) Synonym of Epioblasma (genus).


APG II

(botany) The classification (of the Angiosperms) in the second, 2003, publication by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, as distinct from APG (1998), the classification in the first, 1998, publication of that group.


Gymnospermae

New Latin, feminine plural of gymnospermus (“having naked seeds”)

Cycadidae

(plants with seeds not enclosed in an ovary): Coniferae - class

(botany) The group of seed plants, whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary

A taxonomic clade within the clade spermatophytes.

A taxonomic superclass within the subphylum Spermatophytina.

Cycadales

Cycadidae, Ginkgoidae, Gnetidae, Pinidae - subclasses


HeLa

From English Henrietta+Lacks. Named after the American cancer patient Henrietta Lacks.

named-after

(medicine, cytology) A strain of cells derived from a cervical cancer tumor of Henrietta Lacks.


sensu stricto

From Latin sēnsū strictō (“in the narrow sense”).

der

Liliaceae sensu stricto är en i stort sett nordhe- misfärisk familj med centrum i Asien.

Swedish, 1985, Svensk botanisk tidskrift, 79: 12

Relevant to Florida species is Thorne's inclusion of the Agavaceae and Amaryllidaceae in the family. The Liliaceae sensu stricto have been defined as having actinomorphic flowers, six stamens, and most importantly, a superior ovary.

English, 1986, Wendy B. Zomlefer, Common Florida Angiosperm Families, volume 1, page 73

Among the bryophytes, mosses (the Bryophyta sensu stricto) are the most speciose group, comprising approximately 10000 or more species.

English, 2000, Arthur Jonathan Shaw, Bernard Goffinet (eds.) Bryophyte Biology, page 71

División Bryophyta (Sensu stricto)

Spanish, 2004, Ernesto Velázquez Montes, Rosa María Fonseca, Manual de Prácticas de Laboratorio: Briofitas, Pteridofitas y Gimnospermas, page 31

Celle-ci (Liliaceae sensu stricto) est principalement une source de plantes ornementales.

French, 2009, François Couplan, Le régal végétal: Plantes sauvages comestibles, page 76

Похоже, что Суд ЕС действительно учитывал эту пропорциональность sensu stricto как в решении по делу Marks & Spencer², так и в решении по делу N³.

Russian, 2010, А.С. Захаров, "Налоговое право ЕС" page 79

(taxonomy) In the narrow sense (of a taxon). Added after a taxon to mean the taxon is being used in the sense of the original author, or without taxa which may otherwise be associated with it.


Labyrinthodontia

New Latin, from Ancient Greek λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “maze”) + ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”) + -ia.

(informal, paleontology) A taxonomic subclass within the class Amphibia – extinct amphibians rather like crocodiles, supposedly ancestral to all terrestrial vertebrates; the group is now considered polyphyletic.


nomen oblitum

From Latin nōmen (“name”) + oblītus (“forgotten”).

(taxonomy) In zoological nomenclature, a name which has not been used in the scientific community for more than 50 years after its original proposal, and which has been replaced by a more recent name in common use.


head

+ (English symbol name plus sign or plus)

plus sign (English name symbol)
plus (English name symbol)

antonym(s) of “addition or positiveness”

From a ligature of Latin et (“and”). Compare & and ⁊ of same meaning.


nomen nudum

From Latin nōmen (“name”) + nūdum, nominative singular neuter of nūdus (“naked”).

(taxonomy) In zoological nomenclature, a name which has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


nomen dubium

From Latin nomen (“name”) + dubium (“dubious”).

Da der Typus von obscuripes trotz zweimaliger Nachsuche nicht aufzufinden war, mussten wir obscuripes als nomen dubium betrachten.

1999, Ulrich Schmid, “Syrphus obscuripes Strobl, 1910: ein älteres Synonym von Epistrophe similis Doczkal & Schmid, 1994 (Diptera, Syrphidae)”, in Volucella, volume 4 (in German), pages 103–104:

Camptocladius hexalobus Kieffer, 1924: 395 (= Pseudosmittia hexalobus Kieffer, nomen dubium). Type lost. A likely senior synonym of either P. trilobata or P. obtusa.

2003, O. A. Sӕther, L. C. Ferrington Jr., “Nomenclature notes on some orthoclads (Diptera: Chironomidae)”, in Zootaxa, volume 322 (in English), pages 1–7:

(taxonomy) In zoological nomenclature, a name that is not described clearly enough to recognize, generally when a type specimen can not be examined or lacks essential diagnostic characters.


abei

From Tokiharu Abe, Japanese ichthyologist.

(taxonomy) Used as a specific epithet in 37 accepted species names and 25 synonyms at the Catalog of Life; Abe's.


(entomology) A symbol to indicate that an illustration represent the underside of a specimen.


-ia

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), which form abstract nouns of feminine gender.

Used to form taxonomic names, especially to form genus names when appended to the name of a person, usually a scientist or a patron.


-ara

(taxonomy) Used to form the name of nothogenera, in particular for orchids


Aitch.

(botany) An author name abbreviation for botanist James Edward Tierney Aitchison (1836-1898).


ZW

(genetics) Having a female configuration of chromosomes as per the ZW system.


Arg

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of arginine


Asn

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of aspargine


Cys

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of cysteine


Gln

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of glutamine


Glu

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of glutamic acid


Gly

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of glycine


Phe

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of phenylalanine


Thr

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of threonine


Trp

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter Abbreviation of tryptophan.


s.l.

Abbreviation of sensu lato (“in the broad sense”).

abbreviation of

(taxonomy) sensu lato (in the broad sense)


Buser

(botany) Abbreviation of botanist Robert Buser (1857-1931).


fuscus

mul-adj

fuscus m (feminine fusca, neuter fuscum)


ↆ

(botany, V-shaped form) non-woody (herbaceous) perennial


Ameranthropoides loysi

(cryptozoology) The de Loys' Ape, a large South American primate allegedly encountered by François de Loys. It is a popular creature in cryptozoology.


(palaeography, Coptic) Conventionally used in modern texts to indicate a pre-pronominal form in Coptic grammar, as opposed to the simple hyphen for other uses.


Frullanoides

(taxonomy) A taxonomic genus within the family Lejeuneaceae – a group of liverworts.


(botany) Perfect (flower), hermaphrodite.


(botany) non-sexual (vegetative) reproduction.

(zoology) non-reproducing (e.g. worker bees).


Lichinaceae

(mycology, lichenology) A taxonomic family within the order Lichinales – often found in lichen.


pentaphyllus

From Byzantine Greek πεντᾰ́φῠλλος (pentắphŭllos).

der

πεντᾰ́φῠλλος


fournieri

From French Fournier (“surname”), after Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier, Belgian botanist, + Latin -ī (“genitive inflectional ending”).


-ella

(taxonomy) A suffix used to form taxonomic names, of genera of bacteria.


Aecidium

New Latin, from Ancient Greek αἰκία (aikía, “injury”) + -idium (“diminutive”)

(mycology) A taxonomic genus within the order Pucciniales, a form-genus name applied to a stage of development of a fungus whose aecia have developed but whose species has not been identified.


Vira

(biology) A phylum consisting of all viruses, in the LHT viral classification scheme.

Virus classification#LHT System of Virus Classification

Virus

the associated regnum in the standard classification


Sinanthropus

(anthropology, paleontology, archaeology, obsolete) A taxonomic genus within the family Hominidae – a group of extinct bipedal hominids.


Zinjanthropus

From Zinj (“East Africa”) + Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man”).


antiscorbutica

(taxonomy) A species descriptor for plants seeming to have anti-scurvy uses, use as an antiscorbutic.


(genetics) one of several genes found in species of the genus Caenorhabditis, each of which encodes a different type of acetylcholinesterase


nasutus

mul-adj

nasutus m (feminine nasuta, neuter nasutum)


ericifolia

From erīcē (“heather”) + folia (“leaved”).

(taxonomy) Having leaves similar to those of heather


arachidicola

From Latin arachis (“peanut”) (New Latin; stem arachid-) + Latin -i- (linking vowel in compounds) + Latin -cola (“-inhabitor, -inhabitant”).


A simplification of the punctus elevatus, ⟨⹎⟩.

A new species of fly (Diptera: Tachinidae: Musca)

(taxonomy) Separates different levels of an abbreviated taxonomy.


neoformans

From neo- + fōrmāns (“shaping, forming”).

Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans#Translingual

(taxonomy) a specific epithet, e.g. of Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like fungi which may cause cryptococcosis in humans.


Abdominales

New Latin, from Latin stem of abdomen (“belly, abdomen”) + -ales

(zoology, obsolete) An order of fish, including the greater part of freshwater fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals. This order is now a synonym within the order Cypriniformes.


Mineralia

(archaic, taxonomy) The taxonomic category for all non-life; that which is not life is a mineral.


Vitae

(archaic, biology, taxonomy) the taxonomic category for all life; that which is not life is a mineral.


Acrania

(zoology, obsolete) A class of Vertebrata including Branchiostoma (syn. Amphioxus), in which no skull exists.


Botanical use (sense 2) is based on ⟨☉⟩ ("annual").

w:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society


XY

For example. copulation of females with sterile males carrying deficient Y chromosomes lay as many eggs as do females inseminated by normal XY males.

1973, E.W. Caspari, Advances in Genetics (in English), →ISBN, page 334:

There is evidence to show that, occasionally, XY germ cells can undergo oogenesis when in an ovarian environment.

1994, R. V. Short, E. Balaban, editors, The Differences between the Sexes (in English), →ISBN, page 15:

The group at John Hopkins^([sic]), as well as many others, dropped the "true sex" policy (such as XX or XY) and adopted the "optimal gender" policy for assigning sex to sexually ambiguous children.

(genetics) Having a male configuration of chromosomes as per the XY system.

(genetics) Synonym of ZW (“having a female configuration of chromosomes as per the ZW system”)


longi

From Mandarin 龍／龙 (lóng, “dragon”) + -i.

(taxonomy) A species descriptor, for species associated with dragons in China


nomen novum

nomina nova (plural)
nom. nov. (alternative)

From Latin nomen (“name”) and Latin novus (-a, -um) (“new”).

(taxonomy) A new taxonomic name for a biological taxon, renamed because the old name is also that of another taxon or for similar reasons.


pinnatus

mul-adj

pinnatus m (feminine pinnata, neuter pinnatum)


punctatus

punctatus m (feminine punctata, neuter punctatum)


CRKP

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae#Translingual

Klebsiella pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumonia

(microbiology) Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia.


-ites

From Latin -ītēs, from Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names, normally masculine.


XBB

(virology) A variant of SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19 virus”), a sublineage of the Omicron variant (“B.1.1.529”), a recombinant strain resulting from the mixture of BA.2.10.1 and BA.2.75


reflexus

reflexus m (feminine reflexa, neuter reflexum)


-oida

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names, especially of molluscs


natalensis

(taxonomy, relational) Natal; of or from Natal


fruticosus

(botany) fruticose; used in taxonomic names for organisms


thetaiotaomicron

From Ancient Greek θῆτα (thêta) + ἰῶτα (iôta) + ὂ μικρόν (ò mikrón) (for no obvious reason).


microcarpus

microcarpus m (feminine microcarpa, neuter microcarpum)

microcarpa (feminine)
microcarpum (neuter)

Borrowed from Latin mīcrocarpus, from Ancient Greek μῑκρόκαρπος (mīkrókarpos).


melas

From Ancient Greek μέλᾱς (mélās, “dark, black”).


microdon

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) + ὀδών (odṓn).


canicrus

From Latin cānus (“hoary, white, gray, aged”) + Latin crūs (“leg”).

af

(taxonomy) used as a specific epithet: grizzled


hesperus

From Ancient Greek ἕσπερος (hésperos, “western”).


acaciifolius

mul-adj

acaciifolius m (feminine acaciifolia, neuter acaciifolium)

acaciifolia (feminine)
acaciifolium (neuter)

(taxonomy) Alternative form of acacifolius


sodiroanus

Named in a pseudo-Latin manner for botanist Luis Sodiro

(taxonomy) Sodiro (attributive); used in taxonomic names for organisms that often have English names of the form "Sodiro's ..."


alaskanus

alaskanus m (feminine alaskana, neuter alaskanum)


tumpara

From a local Indonesian name for the tarsier.

(taxonomy) Siau (island in Indonesia) (attributive)


aceratoides

(taxonomy, specific epithet) resembling the man orchids (of the genus Aceras)


Accipitres

From Latin accipitres, plural of accipiter (“hawk”).

(obsolete, zoology) An obsolete order that includes rapacious birds, and now forms part of the Accipitriformes. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.

Aves in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae#Accipitres


brachyrhynchos

Scientific coinage: from Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús) + Ancient Greek ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos)

(taxonomy) used in the sense of short-snouted, short-billed or short-beaked


cervicornis

Noch konnten, nach diesem Begriff, einige Eschariten unter den Milleporiten stehen, wie ich denn in der Folge, die Milleporam reteporam, und cervicornem, dorthin rechnen werde.

1778, Johann Samuel Schröter, Vollständige Einleitung in die Kenntniß und Geschichte der Steine und Versteinerungen. Dritter Theil von den Versteinerungen (in German), page 463:

Elegantem hanc Asteriadem copiosissime inveni supra Milleporam cervicornem Pallasii, seu supra Porum Imperati cervinum, quem ad Flustram suam Linnaeus foliaceam minus recte citaverat.

1741, Nova acta physico-medica academiae caesareae leopoldino-carolinae naturae curiosorum exhibentia ephemerides sive observationes historias et experimenta. Tomus octavus, page 292

Sub nomine Rhod. cervicornis Montagne Gr. cervicornem veram in Voy. Bonit. p. 108. descripsisse videtur, comparatis characteribus datis.

1876, Jacobus Georgius Agardh, Species[,] genera et ordines algarum, seu descriptiones succinctae specierum, generum et ordinum, quibus algarum regnum constituitur. Volumen tertium: De florides curae posteriores (in Latin), page 414:

(taxonomy) having a horn like a stag, stag-horned


punctator

(taxonomy) Used attributively as a specific epithet; that marks with dots.


-ida

(taxonomy) Now used principally to form taxonomic names at the ranks of class and order and ranks formed by prefixes applied to class and order, often originating as names of orders


Abranchia

New Latin, from Latin a- + branchia (“gill”).

(obsolete) All of those vertebrates that never have gills in their development.

(dated) A taxonomic order within the class Gastropoda – somewhat similar to the order Nudibranchia.

(obsolete) A taxonomic order within the phylum Annelida – annelids that lacked specialized respiratory systems, the Oligochaeta, including earthworms.


The use of this notation in modal logic was developed by C.I. Lewis.


H.

The jaw bone in particular “looks more like that of H. erectus … than the beefier jaws of more primitive hominins such as H. habilis,” according to science journal Nature.

2016 June 9, James Griffiths, “This is how the ‘Hobbits’ of Indonesia became so small”, in CNN (in English):

(taxonomy) Abbreviation of Homo (“genus”).


bungeana

Named in a pseudo-Latin manner for any of several naturalists named Bunge.

(taxonomy) Bunge (attributive); used in taxonomic names for organisms that often have English names of the form "Bunge's ..."


minibicornis

head

minibicornis m (feminine minibicornis, neuter minibicorne)

minibicornis (feminine)
minibicorne (neuter)
minibicornis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
minibicorne (neuter nominative singular)
minibicornēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
minibicornia (neuter nominative plural)
minibicornis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
minibicornium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
minibicornī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
minibicornibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
minibicornem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
minibicorne (accusative neuter singular)
minibicornēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
minibicornīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
minibicornia (accusative neuter plural)
minibicornī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
minibicornibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
minibicornis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
minibicorne (neuter singular vocative)
minibicornēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
minibicornia (neuter plural vocative)

From English mini- + Latin bicornis (“two-horned”).

(taxonomy, specific epithet) Having two small horns or prongs


fimicola

Agaricus fimicola: gregarius, pileo subcarnoso hemisphaerico rufescente-alutaceo, lamellis latiusculis fuscis, stipite fistuloso nitido pileo concolore.

1801, Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (in Latin), I, page 412:


-iformes

From New Latin, from the Latin plural of -fōrmis (“-shaped”) (i.e., -fōrmēs), from fōrma (“form, contour, figure, shape, appearance, looks”).

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names, principally orders of animals.


promelas

From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “in front”) + μελας (melas, “black”).


coleohominis

Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath”) + Latin hominis (“human (genitive singular)”) or Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath”) + Latin homo (“human”) + Latin -is

affix

(taxonomy, rare) isolated from the human vagina


helcogenes

From Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “ulcer”) + Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs, “born”).


brevispira

From brevis (“short, stunted”) + spira (“coil”).


cocciferus

head

cocciferus m (feminine coccifera, neuter cocciferum)

coccifera (feminine)
cocciferum (neuter)

(taxonomy) Alternative form of coccifer (a specific epithet)


Desmobacteria

New Latin, from Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “bond”) + English bacteria. Introduced by Ferdinand Cohn.

(zoology, obsolete) A taxonomic tribe within the kingdom Monera – having long filamentous rods.


subsp.

Abbreviation of New Latin subspeciēs or any of its inflected forms.

We'd parked in the entrance to St Mary's cemetery (10/6079), and a short detour to the church also gave us Blechnum spicant and Dryopteris affinis subspp. affinis and borreri on the sides of the track leading to it. On the mortared walls within the churchyard we then found Asplenium ruta-muraria, A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens, A. scolopendrium and A. ceterach.

2003, Bryan Smith, “National Field Meetings 2003; South-west Ireland—24–30 May: Blarney to Glengarriff, Co. Cork (Saturday)”, in The Bulletin of the British Pteridological Society, volume 6, number 2 (in English), page 89:


ssp.

S. rubra ssp. gulfensis, limited to a small range in central western Florida panhandle where it is disjunct from other S. rubra sspp. Superficially similar in appearance to ssp. jonesii, the top is less wide, narrows less rapidly towards the base, and the profile bulge in the upper pitcher is absent to slight.

1982 June, Donald E. Schnell, “A photographic primer of variants of Sarracenia rubra Walt.”, in Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, volume 11 (in English), Fullerton, CA: International Carnivorous Plant Society, page 44:


Candidatus

(bacteriology) A taxonomic name component, usually forming an extended genus or species name, used as an interim status for a bacterium not yet cultured in a laboratory.


-oides

Borrowed from Latin -oīdēs (“-like, -oid”).


Acanthocephali

(zoology) Alternative form of Acanthocephala, A taxonomic phylum within the superphylum Platyzoa.


Acanthodea

Acanthodei (alternative)
Acanthodini (alternative)

(zoology) Alternative form of Acanthodii


Acanthodei

Acanthodea (alternative)
Acanthodini (alternative)


Acanthodini

Acanthodea (alternative)
Acanthodei (alternative)


-acanthus

From New Latin [Term?], from Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn, spine”)

der

(zoology) Animal having a spine as specified.


core eudicots

(botany) A taxonomic clade within the clade eudicots – a monophyletic group of eudicots that includes many familiar plants.

superasterids

Berberidopsidales, Santalales, Caryophyllales - basal orders in superasterids; asterids

superrosids

Saxifragales - basal order in superrosids; rosids (Vitales - basal order in rosids; fabids; malvids)

Dilleniales - basal orders in core eudicots


-morpha

New Latin, plural form of -morphus (“-shaped”), from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, appearance”)

(zoology) Used to form taxonomic names of animals, usually at the level of infraorder or higher


Nosema

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Tropicos

(dated, botany) A taxonomic genus within the family Lamiaceae – synonym of Platostoma..


Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase

(biochemistry) a carbapenemase enzyme produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria


K. pneumoniae carbapenemase

(biochemistry) a carbapenemase enzyme produced by K. pneumoniae bacteria


Paidia

(biology) A genus of moths in the family Erebidae.


ketosireducens

From English ketose + Latin redūcēns (“reducing”).


uraniireducens

(taxonomy) Nonstandard form of uranireducens.


aromaticivorans

From English aromatic + Latin vorāns (“devouring”).

compound

(biology) That devours aromatic compounds


frutescens

binomial nomenclature
binomial nomenclature

(botany) frutescent; used as specific epithet in binomial nomenclature


Sry

Initialism of sex-determining region Y. From English.

(biochemistry) the sex-determining region on Y chromosome gene

(biochemistry) the testis determinant factor


ruminicola

From Latin rūmen (“rumen”) (stem rūmin-) + Latin -i- (linking vowel in compounds) + Latin -cola (“-inhabitor, -inhabitant”).

affix

(taxonomy) ruminal ( that lives in the rumen); rumen-inhabiting


stactophila

(taxonomy) That inhabits seafloor vent stacks


chalcogrammus

mul-adj

chalcogrammus m (feminine chalcogramma, neuter chalcogrammum)

chalcogramma (feminine)
chalcogrammum (neuter)

From χαλκός (khalkós, “brass”) + γράμμα (grámma, “mark”).


apicola

From Latin apis (“bee”) + Latin -cola (“-dweller, inhabitant”).


Nelumbo nucifera

(botany) A taxonomic species within the family Nelumbonaceae – sacred lotus, Indian lotus, or lotus, native from India to east Asia, introduced elsewhere.


Group IV

(virology) Positive-sense ssRNA viruses.


(+)ssRNA

(virology) Having a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.


(-)ssRNA

(virology) Negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.


nomen conservandum

head

nomen conservandum (plural nomina conservanda)

From Latin nomen conservandum, literally "name to be conserved".

(taxonomy, astronomy, geology) A scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection.


nomen illegitimum

nomen illegitimum n (plural nomina illegitima)

(taxonomy) An illegitimate name, one that is superfluous at its time of publication either because the taxon to which it was applied already has a name, or because the name has already been applied to another organism.


nomen invalidum

nomen invalidum (plural nomina invalida)

A nomen invalidum also results if publication is not in a recognized scientific journal, e.g., as in a patent or a trade magazine.

2011, The Yeasts (Fifth Edition) (in English):

(botany, taxonomy) A name that is not validly published.


abranchiatus

mul-adj

abranchiatus m (feminine abranchiata, neuter abranchiatum)

abranchiata (feminine)
abranchiatum (neuter)

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βράγχια (bránkhia, “gills”) + Latin -ātus (“-ed”).

(taxonomy, specific epithet) without gills.


alegranzaensis

alegranzaensis m or f (neuter alegranzaense)


lakotaensis

(taxonomy, specific ephitet) related to the Lakota people


lancerotensis

head

lancerotensis m or f (neuter lancerotense)

(taxonomy, specific ephitet) of or from Lanzarote


nanchangensis

nanchangensis m or f (neuter nanchangense)


nootkatensis

nootkatensis m or f (neuter nootkatense)

This, as Dr. Lindley says, is "… It has been called in the society's garden a dwarf Lupinus rivularis; nevertheless the affinity of the species seems to be less with rivularis than with Nootkatensis, for it has nothing of an arborescent habit. …"

B. Maund [Benjamin Maund], The botanic garden; consisting of highly finished representations of hardy ornamental flowering plants, cultivated in Great Britain; with their names, classes, history, qualities, culture, and physiological observations, vol. VII, section Lupi'nus versi'color. Party-coloured Lupine. No. 615. (vol. I from 1825–26, vol. VI from 1835–36)

…; the North American species are L. perennis and Nootkatensis, blue, and villosus, purple-flowered.

1855, Agnes Catlow, Popular Garden Botany: Containing a familiar and scientific Description of most of the hardy and half-hardy Plants introduced into the Flower Garden, p. 161 (numbered 116)


ruziziensis

(taxonomy, specific ephitet) of or from Ruzizi


Zeugobranchiata

(zoology, obsolete) A taxonomic order within the class Gastropoda – herbivorous marine gasteropods; synonym of Zygobranchia.


Zeuglodonta

(zoology, obsolete) A suborder of extinct cetaceans.


leytensis

(taxonomy, specific ephitet) of or from Leyte (island in the Philippines)


paniculatus

paniculatus m (feminine paniculata, neuter paniculatum)

paniculata (feminine)
paniculatum (neuter)

Latin pānicula (“tuft, swelling”) + Latin -ātus

affix

(taxonomy) A specific epithet for many plants that have tufts, tufted

Celastrus paniculatus

black oil plant, climbing staff tree, intellect tree


chaoyangensis

mul-adj

chaoyangensis m or f (neuter chaoyangense)

From English Chaoyang + -ensis, from Chinese 朝陽 /朝阳 (Cháoyáng) or Chinese 潮陽 /潮阳 (Cháoyáng).


eichstaettensis

head

eichstaettensis m or f (neuter eichstaettense)


argenteopunctatus

mul-adj

argenteopunctatus m (feminine argenteopunctata, neuter argenteopunctatum)

argenteopunctata (feminine)
argenteopunctatum (neuter)

From Latin argenteus (“silvery”) + Latin pūnctus /pūnctum (“point”) + Latin -ātus.


Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe

(textual criticism, palaeography) Denotes conjectured or emendated characters because the text was transmitted wrongly or just broken away.


Malus domestica 'Red Delicious'

(taxonomy) Encloses a cultivar epithet in the names of plant cultivars.


`lsqb` `rsqb`

used when omitting a section in quoted text

(textual criticism, palaeography) Denotes a text deemed interpolated.

Encloses alterations in quoted text.
Denotes a text deemed interpolated.


Artemisia vulgaris

(botany) A taxonomic species within the family Asteraceae – common wormwood, also known as mugwort.


Daphne mezereum

(botany) A taxonomic species within the family Thymelaeaceae – mezereum, mezereon, February daphne, spurge-laurel, or spurge olive, of Europe and western Asia.


Invertebrata

(biology) Invertebrate organisms generally.


Echeneididae

Apparently a misconstruction of Echeneidae.


ZZ

(genetics) Having a male configuration of chromosomes as per the ZW system.

XX

having a male configuration of chromosomes as per the ZW system


viscericola

From Latin vīscera (“viscera”) + Latin -i- (linking vowel in compounds) + Latin -cola (“-inhabitor, -inhabitant”).

affix

(taxonomy, of parasites, etc.) Living in intestines.


Eoanthropus

From English eo- (“dawn”) + anthropo- (“man”) + Latin -us. From Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human”).

(taxonomy, fraud, obsolete) A genus proposed for the Piltdown Man, a 20th-century hoax fossil.


Olfactores

(taxonomy) A clade within the Chordata that comprises the Tunicata (Urochordata) and the Craniata (Vertebrata).


Unguiculata

(taxonomy, obsolete) A former superordinal division of mammals with claws.


Amaranthus blitum

(taxonomy, phytology, botany) A taxonomic species within the family Amaranthaceae – purple amaranth.


Zonurus

See Smaug (genus) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

(taxonomy) A former genus of lizards, now Smaug.


Tetramera

(taxonomy, obsolete) Any grouping of insects with four-jointed tarsi.

A taxonomic group within the order Coleoptera – such beetles.

A taxonomic division within the family Chalcididae.


nothosp.

(taxonomy) Abbreviation of nothospecies.


Rhyphus

(taxonomy, archaic) A taxonomic genus within the family Anisopodidae – certain wood gnats, with atypical wing venation; false craneflies; now Sylvicola.


Remigia

(taxonomy, archaic) A taxonomic genus within the family Erebidae – certain moths, now Mocis..


Nle

(biochemistry) IUPAC 3-letter abbreviation of norleucine.


Monopnoa

(taxonomy, obsolete) A class of reptiles that breathe in one way only, that is, with lungs, not gills.


sandwichensis

head

sandwichensis m or f (neuter sandwichense)

(taxonomy) Of or from the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)


hormozganensis

hormozganensis m or f (neuter hormozganense)

From English Hormozgan or rather Persian هرمزگان (hormozgân) + Latin -ēnsis.


dubliniensis

dubliniensis m or f (neuter dubliniense)


nicaraguensis

nicaraguensis m or f (neuter nicaraguense)


bradfordensis

bradfordensis m or f (neuter bradfordense)

From English Bradford (“Bradford Abbas, site of oolite limestone formations in which fossils of many extinct invertebrates have been discovered”) + Latin -ensis.


wadsworthensis

head

wadsworthensis m or f (neuter wadsworthense)


situliformis

situliformis m or f (neuter situliforme)

situliforme (neuter)
situlifōrmis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
situlifōrme (neuter nominative singular)
situlifōrmēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
situlifōrmia (neuter nominative plural)
situlifōrmis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
situlifōrmium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
situlifōrmī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
situlifōrmibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
situlifōrmem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
situlifōrme (accusative neuter singular)
situlifōrmēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
situlifōrmīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
situlifōrmia (accusative neuter plural)
situlifōrmī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
situlifōrmibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
situlifōrmis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
situlifōrme (neuter singular vocative)
situlifōrmēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
situlifōrmia (neuter plural vocative)

English: situliform

French: situliforme

Italian: situliforme

Spanish: situliforme

Hayella situliformis

Myorhina situliformis

Pierretia situliformis

Sarcophaga situliformis

Latin situla (“pail, bucket”) + -fōrmis (“pail”).


micranthus

head

micranthus m (feminine micrantha, neuter micranthum)

micrantha (feminine)
micranthum (neuter)

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) + ἄνθος (ánthos).


Pedipalpida

(obsolete, historical, taxonomy) A taxonomic order within the class Arachnida – the members of which are now allocated to orders Uropygi and Amblypygi.


uruguayensis

uruguayensis m or f (neuter uruguayense)


delawarensis

delawarensis m or f (neuter delawarense)


Gouldia

From New Latin, from Augustus Addison Gould, American marine biologist + -ia.

(zoology) A taxonomic genus within the family Veneridae – a bivalve.

(botany, obsolete) A taxonomic genus within the family Rubiaceae – now subsumed into genus Kadua.


→ Lao: ໂຄວິດ-19 (khō wit-19)

→ Samoan: KOVITI-19

→ Thai: โควิด-19

From COVID and the year 2019. The format was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is to be used for the names of future outbreaks.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2#Translingual

(virology, metonymic) Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2; the virus which causes the disease.


(virology) Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2; a virus which causes COVID-19 coronavirus disease, first discovered in 2019, in an outbreak that started in Wuhan, Hubei, China.


Pandoravirus

English: pandoravirus

Ancient Greek Πανδώρα (Pandṓra, “Pandora”) + -virus.
From Latin virus (“virus”). From the discovery of the virus being akin to opening a Pandora's box of new possibilities in viral research and capabilities. From Pandora, the Greek mythological figure who opened Pandora's box.

suffix

(virology) A taxonomic genus within the family Pandoraviridae – certain giant viruses, DNA viruses which infect amoeba.


athabascae

From English Athabasca, from Cree āthap-āsk-ā-w.


Herv.

clipping

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">Hervey</i>

(botany) Abbreviation of Hervey. Standard botanical abbreviation for botanist Alpheus Baker Hervey (1839-1931)

en:International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants


procyonis

Genitive singular form of Procyon (“genus of raccoons”)

Baylisascaris procyonis “raccoon roundworm”

(taxonomy) Of or pertaining to raccoons.


Redia

→ English: redia

From Italian physician Francesco Redi + -ia (taxonomic suffix).


Cercomeromorpha

From English cercomer + English -o- + -morpha (taxonomic suffix).


dNaM

(synthetic biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, xenobiology, genetics) A synthetic nucleoside that does not exist in nature, which pairs with dTPT3 or d5SICS, in a DNA molecule.

synthetic biology; molecular biology; synthetic biology; molecular biology


(synthetic biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, xenobiology, genetics) A synthetic nucleoside that does not exist in nature, which pairs with dNaM, in a DNA molecule.


ilocanus

head

ilocanus m (feminine ilocana, neuter ilocanum)

From Spanish ilocano (“Ilocano people”) + -us (adjectival suffix).


Enoplus

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἔνοπλος (énoplos, “in arms, armed”), from ἐν (en, “in possession of”) + ὅπλον (hóplon, “implements of war”) + -ος (-os, adjectival suffix).

af

(taxonomy) Former name of Hoploryctoderus.


HCoV-NH

HCoV + NH. From Homo (“h”)+Coronavirus (“CoV”)+English New Haven (“NH”). From English New Haven coronavirus.

HCOV-NH (alternative)
hCoV-NH (alternative)
hCOV-NH (alternative)

United States of America
United States of America#English

(virology) A coronavirus first discovered in New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, that infects humans.

Kawasaki disease

a disease thought to be caused by HCoV-NH


species inquirenda

head

species inquirenda f (plural species inquirendae)

Latin species + inquirendus (“to be investigated”)

Ueber den andern Grund äussert sich Braun, wie folgt: „Nicht zutreffend ist, dass C. oblonga nicht sicher identificirbar ist; gewiss war diese Art ungenügend beschrieben, also eine Species inquirenda, wie wir deren genug unter den Trematoden haben[…]

1902, Arthur Looss, “Trematoden aus Seeschildkröten”, in Pamphlets on Parsitology, volume 202 (in German), page 709:

The genus Tectonchus Tsalolikhin, 1974 was not properly described, so we consider it and its four species as genera inquirenda and species inquirenda, respectively.

2006, A. Zullini, V. Peneva, chapter 16, in Eyualem Abebe, István Andrássy, Walter Traunspurger, Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy (in English), →ISBN:

(taxonomy) A species of doubtful identity that needs further investigation.


genus inquirendum

genus inquirendum n (plural genera inquirenda)

Die zweite Section enthält die Gattung Synbothrium Dies., die, wenn auch als Genus inquirendum, beibehalten werden kann; alle übrigen Arten können dem Genus Rhyncobothrius Rud. eingereiht werden[…]

1900, Heinrich Georg Bronn, Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs (in German), page 1729:

(taxonomy) A genus of doubtful identity that needs further investigation.


platyops

From Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “flat”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “appearance”).
For Kenyanthropus, referring to the flat face of the fossil.

(attributive, taxonomy) A species name descriptor


-ops

Ancient Greek ὄψῐς (ópsĭs, “appearance”).


mimosifolia

(taxonomy) Having leaves similar to those of mimosa


pSer

(biochemistry) abbreviation of phosphorylated serine


pThr

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of phosphorylated threonine.


pTyr

(biochemistry) abbreviation of phosphorylated tyrosine


Patanga

From Sanskrit पतङ्ग (pataṅga, “the flier, flying insect e.g. moth”).

(taxonomy) a genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae.


H-

(biology) Alternative form of h- (“human”)


Micromonospora

From micro- + mono- + Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed, offspring”).

af

(bacteriology) A taxonomic genus within the family Micromonosporaceae – actinomycetes that have well-developed, branching, septate mycelia bearing single spores that are sessile or on short or long sporophores and that include several antibiotic-producing forms (as Micromonospora echinospora, the source of gentamicin).


Micromonosporaceae

(bacteriology) A taxonomic family within the order Micromonosporales.


Micromonosporales

From Micromonospora + -ales (taxonomic suffix).

(bacteriology) A taxonomic order within the class Actinobacteria.


English: lineage B.1.1.7

English: B.1.1.7 lineage

From being a mutant version of the B.1.1 variant.

The SARS-CoV-2 viruses used to perform the CPE-MN neutralization assay were the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2/INMI1-Isolate/2020/Italy: MT066156), SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (INMI GISAID accession number: EPI_ISL_736997), SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (EVAg Cod: 014V-04058), B.1.1.248 (EVAg CoD: 014V-04089), and B.1.617.2 (GISAID ID: EPI_ISL_2029113)

2023 January 4, Emanuele Andreano, Ida Paciello, Giulio Pierleoni, Giulia Piccini, Valentina Abbiento, Giada Antonelli, Piero Pileri et al., “B cell analyses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA third vaccination reveals a hybrid immunity like antibody response”, in Nature Communications, →DOI:

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in 2020 in Kent, England, United Kingdom.


English: lineage B.1.351

English: B.1.351 lineage

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in 2020 in South Africa, and by the beginning of 2021, was the dominant strain in South Africa.


nankingensis

head

nankingensis m or f (neuter nankingense)


English: lineage B.1.1.248

English: B.1.1.248 lineage

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in 2021 in Japan within travelers from Brazil.


(biochemistry) A mutation of a protein (and its corresponding gene) at amino acid location 501, where the original asparagine (“N”) has been replaced with tyrosine (“Y”)

(COVID-19) The spike protein mutation so produced, on SARS-CoV-2.


(biochemistry) A position, 501, on a protein (and its corresponding coding location on the respective gene) having the amino acid asparagine (“N”).

(COVID-19) A location (501) on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 which has N (“asparagine”).


(biochemistry) A position, 501, on a protein (and its corresponding coding location on the respective gene) having the amino acid tyrosine (“Y”).

(COVID-19) A location (501) on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 which has Y (“tyrosine”).


group D adenovirus
group D adenovirus#English

(virology, immunology, pharmacology, genetic engineering) adenovirus serotype 26, a group D adenovirus; A virus frequently used in recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine vectors


subgroup B adenovirus
subgroup B adenovirus#English

(virology, immunology, pharmacology, genetic engineering) adenovirus serotype 35, a subgroup B adenovirus; A virus frequently used in recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine vectors


type C adenovirus
type C adenovirus#English

(virology, immunology, pharmacology, genetic engineering) adenovirus serotype 5, a type C adenovirus; A virus frequently used in recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine vectors


species D adenovirus
species D adenovirus#English

(virology, immunology, pharmacology, genetic engineering) adenovirus serotype 48, a species D adenovirus; A virus frequently used in recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine vectors


Sm.

(taxonomy, biology, botany) Abbreviation of Smith (“surname”).


English: lineage B.1.1.28.1

English: B.1.1.28.1 lineage

From B.1.1.28, the variant from which this one mutated from.

SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (B.1.1.28.1), and Omicron (B.1.1.529), has spread globally causing humongous public health crises.

2023 January 12, Qin S, Huang H, Xiao W, Chen K, He X, Tang X, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Duan X, Fan N, Zheng Q, Wu M, Lu G, Wei Y, Wei X, Song X, “A novel heterologous receptor-binding domain dodecamer universal mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants.”, in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, →DOI, page 2:

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; that caused a massive outbreak in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil at the end of 2020 and through into 2021; including second-time infections of survivors of a different variation.

Brazilian precursor strain to P.1 and P.2


English: lineage B.1.1.28

English: B.1.1.28 lineage

From being a mutation of the variant B.1.1.

Numerous variations of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), including D614G, B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), B.1.1.28 (Brazil P1, P2), CAL.20C (Southern California), B.1.351 (South Africa), B.1.617 (B.1.617.1 Kappa & Delta B.1.617.2) and B.1.1.529, have been reported worldwide.

2023, Laiali Alquraan, Karem H. Alzoubi, Suzie Y. Rababa'h, “Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and their impact on disease diagnosis and severity”, in Informatics in medicine unlocked, →DOI:

(virology) A variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; that became the predominant variation in Brazil in 2020, starting from the summer.

Brazilian precursor to B.1.1.28.1 and B.1.1.28.2


nomen rejiciendum

(taxonomy) A scientific name that has been rejected in favour of a particular nomen conservandum.


GULO

gulonolactone oxidase
gulonolactone oxidase#English

(genetics) The gene encoding gulonolactone oxidase


GULOP

(genetics) A pseudogene; the non-functional gene for encoding gulonolactone oxidase


Hexagynia

(obsolete, botany) plants that have six pistils.


Chaix

(botany) Dominique Chaix (French botanist)


Mill.

(botany) Philip Miller (English botanist)


chaixii

From the genitive case of New Latin Chaixius.


bougainville

(zoology) related to Louis Antoine de Bougainville


candollei

From the genitive case of Latin Candolleus.

(botany) related to Augustin Pyramus de Candolle


DC.

(botany) Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (Swiss botanist)


Gouan

(botany) Antoine Gouan (French botanist)


Willd.

(botany) Carl Ludwig Willdenow (German botanist)


gouanii

From the genitive case of Latin Gouanius.


willdenowii

From the genitive case of Latin Willdenowius.

(botany) related to Carl Ludwig Willdenow


Thunb.

(botany) Carl Peter Thunberg (Swedish botanist)


gabasianus

From French Gabas, a hamlet in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France.

(botany) related to Gabas, Pyrénées-Atlantiques


Rchb.f.

From Rchb. + -f., from German Reichenbach.

(botany) Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (German botanist)


Rchb.

(botany) Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (German botanist, zoologist, and ornithologist)


English: lineage B.1.617

English: B.1.617 lineage

The dynamics, molecular interactions, and binding energy of the B.1.1.7 variant (spike N501Y mutant), B.1.617 variant (E484Q and L452R spike mutant), and wild-type (WT) were investigated recently in India using molecular dynamics simulations of three diverse spike-ACE2 complexes.

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; that has two significant mutations, E484Q and L452R, causing a wave of new infections in India in Spring 2021.


a mutation that results in a glycine at position 614

(biochemistry) A protein mutation, at amino acid location 614, where the original D614 becomes G614 by replacing aspartic acid (“Asp”) (D) with glycine (“Gly”) (G)

(virology, COVID-19, informal, by extension) A variant of SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Coronavirus carrying this mutation.

(informal) The variant of SARS-CoV-2 that became dominant worldwide outside of China at the start of 2020


poseidon

binomial name
binomial name#Translingual

(taxonomy) A specific name species descriptor. Only used in binomial names.


English: lineage B.1.617.2

English: B.1.617.2 lineage

(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in India in October 2020, causing a wave of new infections in 2021.


XE

(virology, neologism) A recombinant subvariant of Omicron (“B.1.1.529”) resultant from BA.2 and BA.1; a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes COVID-19.


hydrillicola

From Hydrilla + Latin -cola, literally “living on Hydrilla”.

af

(taxonomy) A species descriptor, for microorganisms living on waterthyme (hydrilla).


hydrillicola

Aetokthonos hydrillicola
Aetokthonos hydrillicola#Translingual

(taxonomy) Ellipsis of Aetokthonos hydrillicola.


Eoanthropus dawsoni

From
* Eoanthropus: English eo- (“dawn”) + anthropo- (“man”) + Latin -us
* dawsoni: English Dawson + Latin -i

(taxonomy, fraud, obsolete) Piltdown Man, a fraudulent ancestor to modern humans purportedly discovered in Piltdown, Sussex, England, UK.


dawsoni

Dawson + -i. From English Dawson (“surname”) + Latin -i
* (Eoanthropus dawsoni): Named after British amateur naturalist Charles Dawson, the discoverer of Piltdown Man, a hoax human ancestor from Piltdown, Sussex, England, UK.
* (Quetzalcoatlus dawsoni): Named after American paleontologist Douglas Lawson, who discovered Quetzalcoatlus

named-after

(taxonomy) A species descriptor for species related to Dawson.


From being a mutant version of the C.1 variant.

(virology) A variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, first detected in May 2021 in South Africa


acervulinus

mul-adj

acervulinus m (feminine acervulina, neuter acervulinum)

acervulina (feminine)
acervulinum (neuter)

From Latin acervus (“heap”) + Latin -ulus (diminutive suffix) + Latin -īnus (adjective-forming suffix).

af

(taxonomy) acervuline; resembling little heaps


(virology) A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; starting a new wave and becoming dominant in the United Kingdom in late 2021. It is a sublineage of B.1.617.2 (“Delta variant (“Indian variant”)”) with the K417N spike protein mutation.


(virology) A SARSr-CoV-like Betacoronavirus that natively infects horseshoe bats first discovered in Yunnan, China, in 2013. One of the closest wild relatives to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.


(virology) A SARSr-CoV-like Betacoronavirus that natively infects bats first discovered in Laos. One of the closest wild relatives to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.


Stereum hirsutum

(mycology) A taxonomic species within the family Stereaceae – false turkey tail and hairy curtain crust, fungi typically forming multiple brackets on dead wood, and a source of hirsutic acid.


English: lineage B.1.1.529

English: B.1.1.529 lineage

From being a heavily mutated variant occurring in the B.1.1 family. "B.1.1.529" is the 529th sublineage of "B.1.1" registered under Pango notation.

(virology) The Omicron variant: A virulent variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in November 2021 in Botswana, becoming dominant in Gauteng, South Africa.

XE

recombinant subvariant resulting from BA.1 and BA.2 mixture


Omicron

(taxonomy, entomology) A taxonomic genus within the family Vespidae. A genus of wasp.


SPN

(genetics, biochemistry) The gene which codes for sialophorin, a sialylated glycoprotein.


DERVACꟷ F͡ILIVS / IVSTꟷ (h)IC IACIT

c. 500 CE Stone inscription alongside a road

(The stone) of Dervacus, son of Justus. He lies here.

BODVOCꟷ HIC IACIT / F͜IL͜IVS CATOTIGIRNI / PRONEPVS ETERNAL͜I(s) / VEDOMAVꟷ

(The stone) of Bodovoc. Here he lies, son of Catotigirnus (and) great-grandson of Eternalis Vedomavus.

(palaeography) Marks two letters in a transcription for what is a single ligature in the original.


From being being assigned B.1.1.529.1 when the second variant occurred, and then shortened. Pango notation does not officially support 4 sublevels, leading to a need to renumber "B.1.1.529.1", thus shortened to a new base "BA" for "B.1.1.529" and ".1" becoming "BA.1"

(virology) The first Omicron variant. A highly transmissible though milder variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; first detected in 2021 in South Africa and Botswana.


From being a mutant version of the BA.1 variant and the older designation B.1.1.529.2. Pango notation does not officially support 4 sublevels, leading to a need to renumber "B.1.1.529.2", thus shortened to a new base "BA" for "B.1.1.529" and ".2" becoming "BA.2"

(virology, neologism) A subvariant of the Omicron variant. A highly transmissible variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus, which causes COVID-19; which became dominant at the turn of the year 2021/2022 in India.


vCoV

compound

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">variant</i>

(virology) variant coronavirus; Any virus resembling a coronavirus thought to be distinct from the typical or common coronaviruses.


Pucciniomycetes

(mycology) A taxonomic class within the phylum Basidiomycota.


Eopterosauria

Coined by Andres, Clark and Xu in a 2014 paper.


Paleodictyon

First described by Giuseppe Meneghini in 1850.
From Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós, “old”) + δίκτυον (díktuon, “fishing net”).

(taxonomy) An ichnogenus of fossils usually interpreted as a burrow, appearing in the geologic marine record from the Precambrian / Early Cambrian and in modern ocean environments.


Dawsonia

Dawson + -ia. From English Dawson + Latin -ia.

(taxonomy) The scientific name of several genera of organisms.


(botany) non-woody (herbaceous) perennial

ↆ

potential allograph of symbol without dedicated Unicode support


Ithyphallus

Ithyphallus is a generic name, recently proposed for Phallus impudicus, as it had always previously been known.

1907. Curtis Gates Lloyd. Mycological Notes (No. 26), "Concerning the Phalloids"

(mycology) Synonym of Phallus (“genus including the common stinkhorn”)


Guss.

(botany) Giovanni Gussone (Italian botanist)


boae

From Boa and the genitive singular of Latin boa

(taxonomy) Used as a specific epithet for parasites etc. of organisms of genus Boa


hMPXV

h- + MPXV; from English human+monkey+pox+virus

Monkeypox virus
Monkeypox virus#Translingual


Delesseriaceae

(phycology) A taxonomic family within the order Ceramiales – about 100 genera of marine red algae.


Sphaeriaceae

Sphaeria (“synonym of Hypoxylon”) + -aceae

suffix

(obsolete, biology) A taxonomic family within the order Sphaeriales – Synonym of Hypoxylaceae, in order Xylariales, certain ascomycetous fungi that usually have a dark perithecium with a small pore through which spores are discharged.


Stenella rayi

(paleontology) A taxonomic species within the family Delphinidae – an extinct species of cetacean similar to the striped dolphin.


northropi

Northrop + -i. Coined by American paleontologist Douglas A. Lawson in 1975. Named after American aeronautical pioneer Jack Northrop.

named-after

Quetzalcoatlus northropi
Quetzalcoatlus northropi#Translingual

(paleontology) A species descriptor. Only used in Quetzalcoatlus northropi


From being a variant of parent strain XBB.1, itself a variant of XBB

(virology) Kraken variant: A variant of SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19 virus”), a sublineage of the Omicron variant (“B.1.1.529”). This variant became dominant in the United States of America at the end of 2022 and start of 2023, and is the most transmissible yet of the major strains as of the turn of the year 2022/2023.


Streptomyces clavuligerus

⇒ English: clavulanic acid, clavulanic

From Streptomyces and Latin clāvuligerus (“bearing a little stick”), referring to the spore-bearing hyphae of the bacterium.

der

(bacteriology) A taxonomic species within the family Streptomycetaceae – a gram-positive bacterium by which clavulanic acid is produced.


Junzi

Borrowed from Chinese 君子 (jūnzǐ). Coined in 2018 by Samuel Turvey and colleagues.

(zoology) A taxonomic genus within the family Hylobatidae.


Imbach

(botany) Emil J. Imbach (Swiss mycologist)


*(1): A doubled 'annual' symbol ⟨☉⟩
*(2): ⟨⚆⟩ with a doubled dot


(botany): Mnemonic for the spray symbol on a spray can or scent bottle. May be outlined rather than filled.

(botany, proposed, unfilled variant) scent, odor

proposed; unfilled variant; proposed; unfilled variant


Circovirus

English: circovirus

French: circovirus

(virology, taxonomy) A taxonomic genus within the family Circoviridae.

BFDV

beak and feather disease circovirus, beak and feather disease virus


(virology, medicine, neologism) Human associated circovirus 1: A taxonomic species within the genus Circovirus.; A virus, the first circovirus discovered infecting humans, implicated in causing hepatitis.


coccifer

head

coccifer m (feminine coccifera, neuter cocciferum)

From Latin coccifer, from coccum (“scarlet”) + -fer (“-bearing”).

(taxonomy, as specific epithet) That produces a scarlet dye.

Incilius coccifer

syns. Bufo coccifer, Cranopsis coccifer, Ollotis coccifer


-odes

Borrowed from Latin -odēs (“-like, -oid”), Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “-like”)


acacifolius

mul-adj

acacifolius m (feminine acacifolia, neuter acacifolium)

acacifolia (feminine)
acacifolium (neuter)
acaciifolius (alternative)

From Latin acacia (“acacia”) + Latin folium (“leaf”).


Owenia

A taxonomic genus within the family Meliaceae – certain plants.

A taxonomic genus within the family Oweniidae – certain annelids.

A taxonomic genus within the family Dinornithidae – certain birds.

(obsolete) A former genus of ctenophores; Haeckelia.


ꟈ

(palaeography) The modern convention for the lower-case form of Gaulish Ꟈ.


ꟊꟊ

(palaeography) The modern convention for the lower-case form of Gaulish ꟉꟉ.


(palaeography, Linear B) Delimiter for erased text.


English: anti-Jo1

(biochemistry) A protein, an histidyl-tRNA synthetase (histidine-tRNA ligase), whose antibodies against, feature in auto-immune diseases.


mIgE

immunoglobulin E
immunoglobulin E#English

(biochemistry) membrane-bound immunoglobulin E


(palaeography) Used in the margin as a highlighter mark.


ceratocarpus

mul-adj

ceratocarpus m (feminine ceratocarpa, neuter ceratocarpum)

ceratocarpa (feminine)
ceratocarpum (neuter)


mattogrossensis

head

mattogrossensis m (feminine mattogrossensis, neuter mattogrossense)

mattogrossensis (feminine)
mattogrossense (neuter)

Borrowed from New Latin mattogrossensis.


pelisserianus

pelisserianus m (feminine pelisseriana, neuter pelisserianum)

pelisseriana (feminine)
pelisserianum (neuter)
pellicerianus (alternative)
pellicieri (alternative)
pellicierianus (alternative)

Pelisserius + -anus, from French Pélissier. Coined by Carl Linnaeus in Antirrhinum pelisserianum (Sp. Pl., 1753) after French diplomat Guillaume Pellicier (c. 1490 – 1568).

specific epithet
specific epithet#English

(botany) of Pélissier; used as a specific epithet


acetivorans

From Latin acētum (“vinegar”) + Latin -i- (linking vowel in compounds) + Latin vorāns (“devouring”).


acutorostratus

mul-adj

acutorostratus m (feminine acutorostrata, neuter acutorostratum)

acutorostrata (feminine)
acutorostratum (neuter)
acuto-rostratus (alternative)

From Latin acūtus (“sharp”) + Latin -o- (linking vowel in compounds) + Latin rōstrātus (“beaked; snouted”).


tagliabuanus

head

tagliabuanus m (feminine tagliabuana, neuter tagliabuanum)

tagliabuana (feminine)
tagliabuanum (neuter)

From Italian Tagliabue + -anus. Coined in 1858 for Tecoma tagliabuana by Roberto de Visiani after Carlo Ausonio Tagliabue, a nurseryman from Lainate, Italy.

(botany) of Tagliabue; used as a specific epithet


Balaninus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰλᾰ́νῐνος (bălắnĭnos, “relating to acorns”).

bor

(obsolete, entomology) A taxonomic genus within the family Curculionidae – Synonym of Curculio.


missp.

Abbreviation of English misspelling or any of its inflected forms.


costatipennis

Latin costātus (“ribbed”) + Latin penna f (“wing, feather”) + Latin -is (forms third-declension adjectives), literally “rib-winged” or “rib-feathered”


tridenticeps

Latin tridēns (“three-pronged; tridental”) + Latin -ceps (“-headed”)

(taxonomy) trident-headed; having a head shaped like a trident


The most common examples of sex chromosome aneuploidies are Klinefelter syndrome (XXY males) and Turner syndrome, denoted X0 because Turner syndrome has only one sex chromosome, which is an X. Surprisingly, the vast majority of all X0 conceptions are miscarried spontaneously in utero.

2010 December 12, Julia E. Richards, R. Scott Hawley, The Human Genome, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 257:

(biology, genetics) Having only one sex chromosome, X:

Having only one sex chromosome, X:
in humans with Turner syndrome.

in e.g. certain insect species, in which X0 is the typical male configuration (and XX is female).


Phyllostegia

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) and Ancient Greek στέγος (stégos, “roof, cover”).

bor

(botany) A genus of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to certain islands in the Pacific.


-odon

From Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), variant of ὀδούς (odoús), or reanalysis of English -odont.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera, according to the appearance of their teeth.


-therium

→ English: -there

From Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon). Compare the subclass Theria.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of mammalian genera.


ochroleucus

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ochroleucus m (feminine ochroleuca, neuter ochroleucum)

ochroleuca (feminine)
ochroleucum (neuter)

Ultimately borrowed from Ancient Greek ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “pale, ocher”) + Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”).


lamelligerus

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lamelligerus m (feminine lamelligera, neuter lamelligerum)

lamelligera (feminine)
lamelligerum (neuter)

From Latin lāmella (“small, thin plate of metal”) + Latin -i- + Latin -ger (“-bearing”).

affix

la:lāmella<t:small, thin plate of metal>


Hymenomycetes

(taxonomy, obsolete) Formerly, the largest taxonomic group of fungi within the phylum Basidiomycota.


calabricus

mul-adj

calabricus m (feminine calabrica, neuter calabricum)

calabrica (feminine)
calabricum (neuter)

Seemingly borrowed from Latin, though possibly a faux Latinate construction. Equivalent to Latin Calabria f (“Calabria”) + -icus (“-ic”).


trentonensis

mul-adj

trentonensis m or f (neuter trentonense)

(taxonomy, relational) Trenton (all senses)


perfoliatus

perfoliatus m (feminine perfoliata, neuter perfoliatum)

perfoliata (feminine)
perfoliatum (neuter)


-stoma

From Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”). Related to English -stome, -stomy.

(taxonomy) forms names describing the mouth.


nigrodiscus

nigrodiscus m (feminine nigrodisca, neuter nigrodiscum)

nigrodisca (feminine)
nigrodiscum (neuter)


Restionaceae

The greatest richness in species is found in the Kogelberg Mountains, where over one third of all Restionaceae species are found.

2012, Els Dorrat-Haaksma, H. Peter Linder, Restios of the Fynbos, →ISBN, page 13:

(botany) A taxonomic family within the order Poales – hundreds of species of flowering plants from the Southern Hemisphere, superficially resembling grasses and sedges.

Anarthria

(family): Anarthrioideae, Centrolepidoideae, Leptocarpoideae, Restionoideae, Sporadanthoideae – subfamilies


sensu amplo

(taxonomy) In a generous or inclusive sense.


opus utique oppressum

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opus utique oppressum (plural opera utique oppressa)

(taxonomy) A suppressed publication, one whose taxonomic names are not considered to be validly published.


sensu auctorum

(taxonomy) As cited by a named authority.


formula hybridae

formula hybridae (plural formulae hybridae)

Borrowed from New Latin fōrmula hybridae (literally “hybrid formula” or “mixed formula”).

bor

(botany, taxonomy) The formula by which a nothotaxon or hybrid plant can be crossbred.


-zoa

From Ancient Greek ζῷα (zôia, “animals”).

(taxonomy) Forms names of eukaryotic taxa at the level of superclass and above.


origanifolius

mul-adj

origanifolius m (feminine origanifolia, neuter origanifolium)

origanifolia (feminine)
origanifolium (neuter)

desc

душицели́стный

→ Russian: душицели́стный (dušicelístnyj) (calque)

From Latin orīganum (“oregano”) + Latin folium (“leaf”) + -us (adjectival suffix), literally “oregano-leaved”.

affix

(botany) Having leaves similar to those of oregano.


begoniifolius

mul-adj

begoniifolius m (feminine begoniifolia, neuter begoniifolium)

begoniifolia (feminine)
begoniifolium (neuter)

From Begonia + Latin folium (“leaf”) + -us (adjectival suffix).

affix

(rare, botany) Having leaves similar to those of plants of the genus Begonia.


Decagynia

(botany) A Linnaean artificial order of plants with ten pistils.


deregularis

(taxonomy) Between regular and irregular in form.


Like SARS-CoV-2, HKU5-CoV-2 can enter cells via the human ACE2 receptor protein on cell surfaces. The newly identified coronavirus is a part of the same family as the virus that causes deadly Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS.

2025 February 25, Jen Christiansen, “Scientists have identified a new coronavirus in bats, but it’s not a public health threat”, in CNN (in English):

(virology) A coronavirus that is found in bats.


Enneagynia

(botany) A Linnaean artificial order of plants with nine pistils.


Immotiflorae

(obsolete, botany) A grouping of wind-fertilized plants whose flowers are steadily fixed.


Acramphibrya

(botany, obsolete) A taxonomic division proposed to embrace dicotyledons and gymnosperms.


Entomophilae

(botany) Plants whose flowers are fecundated by insects, especially by Lepidoptera.


Sapromyiophilae

(botany) Plants with putrid-smelling flowers, pollinated by carrion flies or dung flies.


Incompletae

(botany, obsolete) An artificial taxonomic group, usually synonymous with Monochlamydeae, but variously circumscribed by different authors.


Thalamiflorae

(botany) A group of thalamifloral phanerogams.


Petalostemones

(botany) A grouping of plants with flowers whose stamens are adherent to the corolla.


Monoepigynia

(botany) A class in Jussieu's system containing monocotyledons with epigynous stamens.


Calyciflorae

(botany, obsolete) A former grouping of calycifloral plants.


Acrobrya

(botany) A grouping of plants that grow at the point only, such as all acrogens having a distinct axis.


Platylobeae

(botany) A taxonomic grouping of certain crucifers with flat cotyledons.


Orthoploceae

(botany) A group of Cruciferae having conduplicate cotyledons.


Spirolobeae

(botany) A group of Cruciferae having the cotyledons folded transversely and radicle dorsal.