A

From the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.

(linguistics) A wildcard for an open vowel

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is upper-medium grade with low risk of default.


f

Modification of upper case Latin letter F, from Greek Ϝ (W, “Digamma”), from Phœnician 𐤅 (W, “waw”), the ultimate source being probably Egyptian.


i

Pronunciation of IPA [iː]

* (mathematics, imaginary number): abbreviation of imaginary
* (engineering, electric current): abbreviation of French intensité du courant first used by M. André-Marie Ampère
* (computer programming, generic index): abbreviation of index
* (linguistics): abbreviation of identity

(subscript, linguistics) indicates that two items are identical or coreferential (refer to the same thing). E.g. CVᵢCVᵢ means a sequence of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel, where the two V's are the same vowel; Sallyᵢ ... sheᵢ means that 'she' refers to 'Sally'. A second identity may be indicated with j.


i

head

i (lower case Roman numeral, upper case I)

Lower case form of upper case Roman numeral I, apparently derived from the shape of a notch scored across a tally stick.


AA

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is high grade with very low risk of default.


FIFA

From French Fédération Internationale de Football Association (“International Federation of Association Football”).

der

association football
association football

(soccer) The International Federation of Association Football, the international governing body of the sport of association football.

فِيفَا

the International Federation of Association Football


X

From the Etruscan letter 𐌗 (x, “ex”), from the Ancient Greek letter Χ (Kh, “chi”), created ex nihilo.

(linguistics) A wildcard for any sound (consonant, vowel or tone).


SD

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is in default, with little prospect of debt recovery.


More information
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠁⟩: ⡁ ⢁ ⣁


ipso jure

Schon nach altem Recht sey nicht eigentliche und ipso jure wirkende Nullität durch Präterition eines Haussohnes begründet, sondern nur die Vefugniß, das Testament anzufechten.

1833, Ausführliche Erläuterung der Pandecten nach Hellfeld: ein Commentar, volume 37 (in German), page 323:

Il principio dela compensazione ipso jure, preso nel senso materiale giuridico, se non è assistito dalla tradizione romana, non è poi neppure fondato nella ragione giuridica.

1876, Archivio giuridico (in Italian), page 387:

The principle of compensation by the law itself, gotten in the material judicial sense, if it is not assisted by the Roman tradition, is then not even founded in legal reason.

что право это являлось неразлучнымъ спутникомь вгякаго залога и ipso jure возникало въ минуту заключенiя самаго договора

1872, Teodor Dydyński, Zalog po rimskomu pravu (in Russian), page 123:

that this right was an inseparable concomitant of any pledge and arose ipso jure at the minute of the contract conclusion

što pravo eto javljalosʹ nerazlučnym sputnikomʹ vgjakago zaloga i ipso jure voznikalo v minutu zaključenija samago dogovora

Le prodigue était-il interdit ipso jure par la loi des XII Tables.

1884, Georges Marmod, Droit romain:- Étude sur la condition juridique du prodigue (in French), page 14:

Was prodigy forbidden ipso jure by the law of the XII Tables.

Weber szerint ugyanis különbséget kell tenni a szerződésnek ipso jure és ex officio judicis hatásai közt.

1902, Ernő Wittmann, Nemzetközi és idöközi magánjog (in Hungarian), page 259:

Därtill komma de här icke medräknade fall, då förlusten inträtt ipso jure.

1915, Sweden Riksdagen, Bihang till Riksdagens protokoll vid lagtima Riksdagen i Stockholm (in Swedish), page 237:

In addition there are cases not included here, when the loss occurred ipso jure

Mr. GÖRÖG (Hungary) said that in drafting article 33, the International Law Commission had adopted the principle of ipso jure continuity of all treaties

1978, United Nations Conference on Succession of States, volume 2 (in English), page 56:

Excepciones a la división ipso jure de los créditos.

1997, Enrique Silva Segura, acciones, actos y contratos sobre cuota (in Spanish), page 77:

Exceptions to the ipso jure division of credits.

Gelijk nu aan niet-inachtneming van de wettelijke bepalingen ipso jure nietigheid is verbonden

2004, A Stege, De CAO en het regelingsbereik van de sociale partners (in Dutch), page 141:


b

Pronunciation of IPA [bɑː, ɑbbɑː] with the sound [b]

Modification of capital letter B by dropping its upper loop, from the Greek letter Β (“Beta”).


m

Pronunciation of IPA [mːɑː, ɑmmɑː] with the sound [m]

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) used in the International Phonetic Alphabet and in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent the voiced bilabial nasal (/m/), including Cyrillic м, the beginning of various kana including ま (ma), and Korean jamo ㅁ (mieum).

(music) mezzo, as in mezzo piano and mezzo forte


u

Pronunciation of IPA [uː]

(IPA, phonetics) a close back rounded vowel.


(phonetics) An unidentifiable or indeterminate segment.


僼

Han char

僼 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人廿田廿 (OTWT), composition ⿰亻豊)

(mythology) (ancient Chinese folklore) Taoist immortal, celestial being


PHP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Philippine peso.


螣

螣 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 月火手戈 (BFQI), four-corner 7923₆, composition ⿰月䖭)

(mythology) Only used in 螣蛇 (téngshé, “a kind of flying serpent or dragon of Chinese mythology.”).


ADP

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Andorran peseta; a currency used from 1983 to 2003.


NPR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Nepalese rupee.


XXX

From the reduplication of X (“a placeholder for any letter or word”).
The currency code was adopted in October 1976 and officially introduced in 1978 with ISO 4217 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

rdp

(international standards) Reserved ISO 4217 currency code representing 'no currency', to be assigned when a code is required for a transaction that does not involve currency.


AAA

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is of the highest grade with minimal risk of default.


ADA

La fornitura di ADA attualmente in circolazione ammonta a 25.927.070.538 unità, mentre la fornitura totale è fissata a 31.112.483.745 ADA. Il prezzo di un ADA nel periodo di raccolta dei giudizi di somiglianza (Marzo-Aprile) si attesta a quasi 0,2 $ (coinmarketcap.com).

2017–2018, Federico Spitaleri, Definizione di mappe percettive delle criptovalute con maggiore capitalizzazione attraverso l’utilizzo del multidimensional scaling (thesis; in Italian), Luiss Guido Carli, archived from the original on 2022-06-07, page 38:

En estas fechas escogidas vemos la evolución que ha tenido ADA de 1 enero de 2021 a un precio de 0,14 euros por ADA y su máximo histórico se sitúa sobre 2,03 euros por ADA a 16 mayo de 2021.

2021, J.W. Benazco Ángel, G. García Machiñena Morell, Proyecto Cardano, tercera generación de criptomonedas (thesis; in Spanish), University of La Laguna, page 15:

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the cryptocurrency Cardano.


CC

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade with extremely high risk of default.


靝

Han char

靝 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 手月人弓木 (QBOND), composition ⿰青氣)


魊

魊 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈戈口一 (HIIRM), four-corner 2321₅, composition ⿺鬼或)

(mythology) a mythical creature which supposedly hurts humans by casting sand out of its mouth


Tenth century “West Arabic” variation of the Nepali form of Hindu-Arabic numeral ٠ (compare Devanāgarī script ० (0)), adopted for use with the Latin script in Europe. See 0 § History for more.

0̸

slashed zero, available only as a combination of Unicode characters, variation selector or through font features

(phonetics, often superscript) The pitch of a tone that is more extreme than 1 (higher or lower, depending on local convention; e.g. 0 is the highest tone in Chatino).

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) Lack of an inherent tone; the pitch depends on the tones of the surrounding syllables.


Tenth century “West Arabic” variation of the Nepali form of Hindu-Arabic numerals (compare Devanagari script १ (1, “éka”)), possibly influenced by Roman numeral Ⅰ, both ultimately from using a single stroke to represent the number one. See 1 § As a digit on WikipediaWikipedia for more.

(phonetics, often superscript) the pitch of a tone, either high or low depending on local convention; '1' is most commonly the highest or lowest pitch (but see 0)

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 1, typically identified with dark level yin ping (陰平). May simply be level ping tone (平) if the yin–yang distinction is not made.

Norwegian/Swedish toneme 1 is sometimes transcribed with a simple primary stress mark, that is ˈ.

(linguistics, superscript) accent 1 in Norwegian, Swedish and Limburgish.


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ३ (3)), from a cursive form of three lines to represent the number three. See 3 § Evolution of the Arabic digit for more.

, depending on other values

(phonetics, often superscript) the pitch of a tone, perhaps most commonly mid-pitch, but it may instead be high or low depending on local convention (e.g. the highest or lowest pitch if only the numbers 1–3 are used)

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 3, typically identified with dark rising yin shang (陰上). May be identified with departing qu tone (去) if the yin–yang distinction is not made.


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari २ (2)), from a cursive form of two lines to represent the number two. See 2 § Evolution for more.

, depending on other values

(phonetics, often superscript) the pitch of a tone, whose value depends on local convention (e.g. nearly as high or as low as 1, if four or more numbers are used; mid pitch if the numbers 1–3 are used; or contrasting with 1 if only '1' and '2' are used)

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 2, typically identified with light level yang ping (陽平). May be identified with rising shang tone (上) if the yin–yang distinction is not made.

Norwegian/Swedish toneme 2 has also been transcribed with a double stress mark, that is ⟨ˈˈ⟩, as well as ⟨ˇ⟩, ⟨˟⟩ and ⟨ˆ⟩.

(linguistics, superscript) accent 2 in Norwegian, Swedish and Limburgish.


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ४ (4)), a cursive form of four lines (to represent the number four) arranged in the shape of a cross (resembling +). See 4 § Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit for more.

, depending on other values

(phonetics, often superscript) The pitch of a tone, either high or low depending on local convention (though not as high or low as 5, if '5' is also used).

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) The tone number 4, typically identified with light rising yang shang (陽上). May be identified with entering ru tone (入) if the yin–yang distinction is not made.


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ५ (5)). See 5 § Evolution of the Arabic digit for more.

(phonetics, often superscript) the pitch of a tone, either high or low depending on local convention; '5' is most commonly the highest or lowest pitch (but see 6)

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 5, typically identified with dark departing yin qu (陰去)


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ६ (6)). See 6 § Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit for more.

(music, superscript) an indicator that a triad is in first inversion.

(phonetics, often superscript) the pitch of a tone that is more extreme than 5; it will be higher or lower depending on local convention.

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 6, typically identified with light departing yang qu (陽去).


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ७ (7)). See 7 § Evolution of the Arabic digit for more.

(music, superscript) an indicator that a chord is a dominant or major seventh chord

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 7, typically identified with dark entering yin ru (陰入)


8 (number)
8#Evolution of the Arabic digit

A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ८ (8)). See 8 § Evolution of the Arabic digit for more.

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 8, typically identified with light entering yang ru (陽入)


A West Arabic numeral, ultimately from Indic numerals (compare Devanagari ९ (9)). See 9 § Evolution of the Hindu–Arabic digit for more.

(phonetics, Sinosphere, often superscript) tone number 9, in some cases when the language does not have the usual 4 to 8 categories.


Derives from overset Io, an abbreviation of either interiectiō (“interjection”) or the interjection iō (“hey!”), placed at the end of an exclamation to mark it as such. It expresses admiratio (“awe, wonderment”) in the clause.

punctuation mark denoting excitement, surprise, or shock

Denoting excitement, surprise, shock or sudden realizations.

(comics) Used in some comics instead of the period (.), ending all sentences, except those that use question marks, ellipses, etc.

Character #1: "The zombie is right behind you!"

! [indicates that another trainer noticed the player character, prompting a battle between them]

1996, Game Freak, Pokémon Red and Blue, Nintendo:

! [indicates a random encounter with a monster]

2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:

(comics, video games) Used by itself to convey that a character is surprised at something.

Phoenix: I would like to go over this one more time. You met Adrian Andrews at a bar and took the request at that time? / de Killer: Yes, that is correct. / Phoenix: And that's the moment you thought 'he' was trustworthy... / de Killer: How many times must I repeat myself? Yes, that is correct. / Phoenix: I'm sorry, but that is an impossible tale. / de Killer: Wh-What!? / Phoenix: Shelly de Killer. You have never met the real Adrian Andrews! / de Killer: ...! Wh-Why would you say that...? / Phoenix: Because you made one very big slip-up... ...about her. / de Killer: So what is the issue... ...! / de Killer: Wh-What did you say just now...? About 'her'...? / Phoenix: If you had ever met Adrian Andrews in person... One look would have told you that she is a woman!

2002, Capcom, Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Justice for All, Capcom:

(comics, video games) Used to convey that a character has made a sudden realization.


A stylized form of Latin et (“and”). Romans used such symbols (ligatures) from at least the first century C.E., but the character may not have acquired its present form until the advent of calligraphy in the Middle Ages. Compare ⁊ and +, of same meaning and similar derivation.

Ꜳꜳ Ææ ᴁᴭ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜵꜵ Åå Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ Ꜽꜽ ct ȸ Ǳǲǳ Ǆǅǆ ᴂᵆ ᴔ & ﬀ ﬁ ﬃ ﬂ ﬄ ℔ Ĳĳ Ǉǈǉ Ỻỻ Ŋŋ Ǌǋǌ Œœ ɶ Ꝏꝏ Ȣȣᴕ ȹ ẞß ﬅﬆ ᵫ Ůů Ww Ꝡꝡ

programming language
programming language#English

(programming) Used in some programming languages for different purposes.

1 & 0 = 0

Used to represent the binary operator and.

(networking) In a URL, separates each field-value pair of a query string.

(Internet slang, subculture) Used to represent multiplicity.


From Italian ottava (“octave”). Since the 20th century, the "a" has sometimes been interpreted as representing alta in Italian ottava alta (“octave higher”); compare 8vb.

(music) An instruction to play one octave higher or lower than indicated.


SCR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Seychelles rupee.


CAD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Canadian dollar.


ADD

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the Andorran diner.


π

(phonetics, rare) A voiceless labiodental plosive (p̪).


PEI

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Peruvian inti; a currency used from 1985 to 1991.


NP

Moody's Investors Service
w:Moody's Investors Service

(finance) Short-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that the issuer's ability to meet its obligations is less than adequate.


Coordinate term: ℗ (for audio medium)

Copyright on a graphic (written or visual) work.


registered trademark
registered trademark

Indicates that the preceding mark (phrase, name, or picture) is a registered trademark or service.


From English TM, initialism of trademark.

Only ABC Widgets sells the genuine Throbulator™. Accept no imitations!


BRB

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Brazilian cruzeiro; a currency used from 1967 to 1986.


ɔ

(vowel): A turned-c as a convenient type for an open o.
(click): A rotated Xhosa dental click ⟨c⟩. Later identified as a rotated palatal stop [c], analogous to turned dental t ⟨ʇ⟩ for dental clicks and turned velar k ⟨ʞ⟩ for 'velar' clicks.

(phonetics, obsolete) base letter of the palatal click consonants; equivalent to IPA ⟨ǂ⟩.


ɣ

IPA

Attic Greek
Voiced velar fricative
voiced velar fricative

A Latin adaptation of the Ancient Greek and Modern Greek letter γ (“gamma”). In Greek, γ in most contexts represents a voiced velar fricative, and has done so since Koine Greek, which is why it was chosen as the IPA letter to represent that sound (in Ancient times, in Attic Greek, γ represented [ɡ], like the English g).

(doubled ligature) letter in Doke (1925) for a voiced lateral click.

(phonetics, obsolete) letter in Doke (1925) for a voiced dental click.


ɥ

IPA

*The Karlgren letter script y with a straight descender.

(phonetics) Karlgren's form of the Sinological letter ʮ.


ɕ

IPA

(phonetics, rare) the IPA affricate [t͡ɕ]


ɵ

IPA

(phonetics) a mid rounded reduced vowel.


(astrology) The symbol for the sign Aries.


A stylized representation of a scorpion with a stinging tail.

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Scorpio.


A (copper/bronze) handmirror, symbol of the Greek goddess Aphrodite (and her Roman equivalent Venus). The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


Coordinate term: 1488

(neo-Nazism) Heil Hitler (H is the eighth letter of the alphabet.)


$ appears to have evolved circa 1775 in the United States from a common abbreviation for pesos, also known as piastres or pieces of eight, a P/raised-S ligature P^S. It was used in the US before the adoption of the dollar in 1785.
The "computing" sense is the result of homophony between English cache and cash, dollars being a form of cash.

How to provide additional D$ bandwidth?

2010, CIS501 lecture notes (in English), University of Pennsylvania:


Micro$oft Window$

BE SAFE - BE SURE ¶ Come in NOW and $AVE

1971 February 26, “Motor City: March Special” (advertisement), in The Daily Herald-Tribune, volume 58, number 168 (in English), Grande Prairie: Bowes Publishers Limited, After Hours, page 2:

[the text below is written on-screen in large letters, once Marco reveals his "emergency cash stash] Marco'$ emergency ca$h $ta$h

2015, “Pixtopia”, in Star vs. the Forces of Evil, season 1, episode 6b (in English):

A substitute for the letter S, used as a symbol of money or perceived greed in business practices.


(programming) Prefix indicating a variable in some languages, such as Perl, PHP, or shell scripts.


Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes

Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe

I hope D—ds—y will look to theſe literal Errors, he being the only one of the Trade I can venture to truſt.

1748, a Lady, in a Letter to her Friend in the Country, A Free Comment on the Late Mr. W—g—n’s Apology for His Conduct; Which Clears Up the Obscurities of That Celebrated Posthumous Work, and Dissipates the Clouds in Which the Author Has Thought Proper to Envelope His Meaning (in English), London: […] W. Webb, page 15:

(dated, fiction) Used to replace part or all of a person's name, a place name, a date, or so forth.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used as a placeholder in the text to indicate that a bar of the chant should be omitted; typically used when a verse or half-verse is very short.


Use as a multiplication sign is usually attributed to English mathematician William Oughtred.

Russ Millions × Tion Wayne

BAPE × Stüssy

2022 July 23, Gargi Harjai, “Where to buy the John Richmond × Playboy collection? Price, release date, and more explored”, in Sportskeeda (in English):

(music, fashion, etc.) Used to denote collaboration in the design, execution or branding of a piece.


The consonant of the reduplicating syllable is in general the first consonant of the root: thus, पप्रछ् paprach from √प्रछ् prach; शिश्रि çiçri from √श्रि çri; बुबुध् bubudh from √बुध्.

1889, W.D. Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar (in English), Breitkopf and Hartel, →OCLC, page 222:

Cratis = Reisig, Geflecht, Gitter, Schicht ist mit griech. κάρταλος = Korb, got. haúrds. nhd. Hürde u. s. w. von indog. √kerto = knüpfen, flechten abzuleiten ([…]), und hat sich auch mehrfach in den romanischen Sprachen erhalten, wie ital. grata = Gitter

1901, “Cratis”, in Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (in German), page 1682:

Cratis = brushwood, mesh, lattice, layer is along with Greek κάρταλος = basket, Gothic haúrds, New High German Hürde, etc. from Indo-European √kerto = to tie, braid ( […] ), and has also been preserved several times in the Romance languages, like Italian grata = lattice

Té̆rîtek ⵜⵔⵜⴾ (√ ⵔⵜⴾ ertek « tomber verticalement ») ‖ F.

1940, C. de Foucauld, Dictionnaire abrégé touareg-français de noms propres (in French), page 333:

Té̆rîtek ⵜⵔⵜⴾ (√ ⵔⵜⴾ ertek "fall vertically") ‖ F.

Ma questa particolare accezione di kawn non ha alcun nesso speciale con l'India, perchè è della lingua araba usare √ KWN ora per l'«essere» (come in كان اللّه) e ora per il «divenire», e il greco fa lo stesso con √ γεν e il sanscrito con √ bhū (bhava, mondo, كون; svabhâva, essenza, كيان).

1946, Annali lateranensi pubblicazione del Pontificio museo missionario etnologico, volume 3 (in Italian), page 197:

But this particular sense of kawn does not have anything special to do with India, because it is (characteristic) of Arabic to use √ KWN sometimes for "being" (as in كان اللّه) and sometimes for "becoming", and Greek does the same with √ γεν and Sanskrit with √ bhū (bhava, world, كون; svabhâva, essence, كيان).

Consider Israeli מיקום mikúm 'locating', from מקמ √mqm 'locate', which derives from biblical Hebrew מקום [må‿qom] 'place', whose root is קומ √qwm 'stand'

2010, A. Yadin, G. Zuckermann, “ […] Ideological Secularization of Hebrew Terms […] ”, in T. Omoniyi, editor, The Sociology of Language and Religion (in English), Springer, →ISBN, page 87:

Реконструированный корень √mā, разумеется, не являлся единственным выразителем значения ’расти’ в праиндоевропейском.

2013, Илья Якубович, Новое в согдийской этимологии (in Russian), Litres, →ISBN, page 104:

The reconstructed root √mā, of course, was not the only expression of the meaning 'to grow' in Proto-Indo-European.

Rekonstruirovannyj korenʹ √mā, razumejetsja, ne javljalsja jedinstvennym vyrazitelem značenija ’rasti’ v praindojevropejskom.

Gebildet zu einer Wurzel √fqh, zu der insbesondere auch ein Verb faqaha „verstehen, begreifen“ gehört.

2021, Utz Maas, “Die Stärke einer Sprache […] ”, in I.C. del Toro, E. Hack-Cengizalp, editors, Literalität und Mehrsprachigkeit (in German), →ISBN, page 15:

Formed from a root √fqh, which also includes a verb faqaha "to understand, comprehend".

(linguistics) Used before text to indicate it is a root.


ĉ

(phonetics) Transcription in the Spanish tradition for [ʃ].


ĵ

(phonetics, French) The affricate sound of English j.


ŝ

(phonetics, French) The affricate sound [t͡s].

(phonetics) The 'closed' voiceless fricative in Circassian for which ⟨ᵷ⟩ was once proposed for the IPA.


ę

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [e]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.


More information
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠷⟩: ⡷ ⢷ ⣷


Coordinate term: **

English prepositions come before the associated noun: we say She lives in Rome, not *She lives Rome in.

Roots like *bep- were not allowed in Proto-Indo-European.

(descriptive linguistics) Used before a term (such as a word, phrase, or sentence) to show that it is grammatically incorrect, or in some other way ill-formed.

Coordinate term: **

It is posited that Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰos is the etymon of both Latin nix and English snow.

His theory of the Proto-Slavic *kъniga being ultimately derived from Chinese, via the middle form *kūinig, reflecting ancient routes of cultural influx from the East, has not gained a firm ground in the Slavicist circles in the last century.

(historical linguistics) Used before or after a term to denote that it is only hypothesized and not actually attested.

When used before a term: that the term has been reconstructed by a linguist, on the basis of comparative method or by comparing other reconstructed terms, as the plausible ancestor form of an existing, attested term in one or more languages.

PIE *ḱonk- yielded Vedic śaṅk-ate “worries, hesitates”, as well as pre-Germanic *kank-, whence also Gothic hāhan* “to hang”.

When used after a term: that the term is actually attested, but not in its citation form that is being mentioned.

Proto-Germanic had three unvoiced fricatives: */f/, */þ/, and */h/.

When used before a symbol representing a phoneme: that the phoneme is reconstructed on the basis of comparative method.

Proto-Germanic had three unvoiced fricatives, possibly representing *[ɸ], *[θ], and *[x].

When used before a symbol representing a sound value: that the sound value is hypothesized.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where an extra breath should be taken, resulting in a brief pause.


ॐ

om or aum: the sacred syllable and mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism


NGN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Nigerian naira.


A cursive variation of ᾱ or ᾱᾱ, the abbreviation of Greek ἀνά (aná) used in recipes and prescriptions with the meaning "of each", and later extended to accounting. (Other explanations have that it is ā, an abbreviation of Latin ad (“to”), or French à (“to”).)

(phonetics) A pulse of laughter. (Thus @@@ is the transcription equivalent of ha! ha! ha! or hee! hee! hee! etc. in conventional orthography.)

While I was dealing with the hounds, an orc tracker stumbled across @ from the east.

(video games) In roguelike games, the player character, conventionally represented by this symbol in character-based interfaces.


SOS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Somali shilling.


The circle and arrow represent the shield and spear, respectively, of the Ancient Greek god of war Ares (and his Ancient Roman equivalent Mars). In the Medieval era the spear had crossed in front of the shield, and the ancient form lacked the shield altogether.

In his Mantissa Plantarum (1767) and Mantissa Plantarum altera (1771), [Linnaeus] regularly used ♂, ♀ and ☿ for male, female and hermaphrodite flowers respectively.

1961 August 17, New Scientist, volume 11, number 248 (in English), Reed Business Information, →ISSN, page 413:

Figure 2. Ossicones, secondary ossification, and sinuses of Giraffa: A Lateral aspect of skull showing courses of veins, areas of dense ossification (heavily stippled) and lesser secondary ossification (lightly stippled), and outlines of skull roofs of male (♂) and female (♀) adults.

1990, Charles S. Churcher, “Cranial Appendages of Giraffoidea”, George A. Bubenik, Anthony B. Bubenik, Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers: Evolution, Morphology, Physiology, and Social Significance, New York: Springer-Verlag, chapter 1.5, page 183

I was quite surprised that a few of my friends found the male ♂ (mars) and female ♀ (venus) symbols on toilets in pubs/bars confusing ...

2015 July 6, Andy Burns, “Re: C4 last leg”, in uk.tech.broadcast (Usenet; in English):


The lunar crescent is an ancient symbol for the moon.
Its orientation varies between increscent and decrescent.

rarely 🌙. In the medieval Marcianus graecus 299 manuscript

(astronomy, astrology, rare) The last quarter of the Moon.


(Christianity, astronomy): A globus cruciger (the globe surmounted by a Christian cross), representing Christ's or the Church's rule over the redeemed world. Alchemical extension to newly-discovered antimony, motivated by an attempt to retain an association between the basic metals and the known planets. Astronomical use is reinforced by the graphic similarity to the symbol ⟨♀⟩ for Venus, which is the planet that is most similar to Earth.

(Christianity) The redeemed world (a symbol that was carried by depictions of Jesus and medieval Christian kings).

(astrology, rare) The fictitious planet Proserpina, which one Polish school of astrology identifies as the dwarf planet Eris.


A simple caduceus (☤) of the Greek god Hermes (and his Roman equivalent Mercury), as seen with a much longer staff in stylized representations of that god e.g. on pottery. The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


STD

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former first São Tomé and Príncipe dobra; a currency used from 1977 to 2018.


SDP

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former first Sudanese pound; a currency used from 1956 to 1998.


SAR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Saudi riyal.


From ᵒ/c, from Nᵒ/c, an abbreviation of Italian numero per cento (“number per hundred”). For the extension to Astraea is derived from the shift-5 key on the keyboard for asteroid (5).

der

(astrology, rare) The asteroid (5) Astraea.


black, adj: of the colour perceived in the absence of light. ~ eye: one that has been visibly bruised.

(lexicography) Replaces the headword in derivatives or example sentences, to save space.


(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where a barline occurs in the chant.


ʆ

(phonetics) The 'closed' voiceless fricative in Circassian, commonly transcribed ⟨ŝ⟩ and for which ⟨ᵷ⟩ was once proposed for the IPA.


(lexicography) Indicates that a syllable may have either primary stress, /ˈ/, or secondary stress, /ˌ/.


ESA

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for foreign-owned accounts in ordinary Spanish pesetas; a unit of account used until 1985.


BOB

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bolivian boliviano.


USS

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former United States dollar same-day funds; a unit of account used until 2014.


(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is upper-medium grade with low risk of default.


RMB

According to statistics, not only the urban population but the population of nearby counties enjoys a net increase in disposable income. Net savings have also substantially increased. For instance, the population of Sanming accumulated a total savings of RMB 880 million, an increase of 8.2 times as compared with 1980.³⁷ Putian had total savings of RMB 441 million, a 10.2-fold increase over 1978.³⁸ Xiamen, Fujian’s most dynamic city had per capita savings of RMB 768, two times more than Sanming and Putian.³⁹

1996, C. Y. Chang, “Government and Politics”, in Brian Hook, editor, Fujian: Gateway to Taiwan (Regional Development in China), volume 2, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 51:

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the Chinese yuan. Initialism of renminbi.


CLP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Chilean peso.


a

Pronunciation of IPA [aː]

(IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.


B

(linguistics) A wildcard for a labial consonant

(linguistics) low tone (e.g. in French-language text)

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is highly speculative with high risk of default.


C

* (element symbol, carbon): abbreviation
* (metrology, coulomb): abbreviation
* (computing, hexadecimal 12): From its position as the twelfth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is in default, with little prospect of debt recovery.

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade and on the verge of default.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a consonant


Ca

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.


D

* (chemistry, deuterium): abbreviation of deuterium
* (computing, hexadecimal 13): From its position as the thirteenth element of the series {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F}
* (Germany): abbreviation of German word Deutschland (“Germany”)

(linguistics) A wildcard for an alveolar consonant

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service and S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is in default, and the issuer is (or is about to become) bankrupt.


E

From the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.

synonyms: I

(linguistics) A wildcard for a front vowel


F

From the Etruscan letter 𐌅 (v, “ve”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϝ (W, “digamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲.

synonyms: S for a sibilant fricative

(linguistics) A wildcard for a fricative

synonyms: more commonly HL, or more specifically HM or ML


G

From a modification of the Latin letter C (“ce”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂 (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

(music) The major chord with a root of G.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a glide or semivowel


H

From the Etruscan letter 𐌇 (h, he), from the Ancient Greek letter Η (Ē, eta), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤇 (ḥ, het), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓈈 or maybe 𓉗.

Q for uvular consonants, Φ for pharyngeals

(linguistics) A wildcard for a glottal consonant or more broadly for a laryngeal consonant


I

From the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, iota), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, yod), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

synonyms: E for a front vowel, Ɨ for a high vowel

(linguistics) A wildcard for a front vowel or a high vowel


J

From a modification of the Latin letter I (“i”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a palatal consonant


K

From the Etruscan letter 𐌊 (k, “ka”), from the Ancient Greek letter Κ (K, “kappa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤊 (k, “kap”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂧.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a velar consonant

(linguistics) A wildcard for a consonant (e.g. in German-language texts)


L

From the Etruscan letter 𐌋 (l, “el”), from the Ancient Greek letter Λ (L, “lambda”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤋 (l, “lamed”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌅.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a lateral or liquid consonant


N

From the Etruscan letter 𐌍 (n, en), from the Ancient Greek letter Ν (N, nu), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤍 (n, nun), possibly from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓆓.

(music) Neapolitan chord (usually in first inversion, therefore followed by a superscript six)

(linguistics) A wildcard for a nasal consonant (nasal stop)


O

From the Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o, “o”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ο (O, “omikron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ʿayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.

synonyms: U

(linguistics) A wildcard for a rounded vowel or a back vowel


P

From the Etruscan letter 𐌐 (p, “pe”), from the Ancient Greek letter Π (P, “pi”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤐 (p, “pe”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂋.

synonyms: S for a 'stop'


Q

English: max Q

Ancient Greek language
Egyptian language
Etruscan language
Phoenician language
Q

From the Etruscan letter 𐌒 (q, “cu”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ϙ (Q, “qoppa”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤒 (q, “qop”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃻.

(sometimes covers any guttural consonant)

(linguistics) A wildcard for a uvular consonant.

(linguistics, Japanese) Gemination as a phoneme.


R

From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.

synonyms: S for a sonorant

(linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant).

(linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic archiphoneme, such as the conflation of /r/ and /ɾ/ in certain positions in Spanish.

synonyms: more commonly LH, or more specifically LM or MH

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.


S

From the Etruscan letter 𐌔 (s, “es”), from the Ancient Greek letter Σ (S, “sigma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤔 (š, “šin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌒.

(linguistics) A wildcard for a sibilant; or sometimes ambiguously for a stop, fricative, sonorant or semivowel


T

From the Etruscan letter 𐌕 (t, “te”), from the Ancient Greek letter Τ (T, “tau”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤕 (t, “taw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏴.

(linguistics) a wildcard for a tone or stress level (the tonicity of a syllable)


U

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y and V.

synonyms: O


V

From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y and U.


(proscribed) An unofficial currency sign representing bitcoin, primarily used before its symbol (₿) was added to Unicode.


DD

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is in default, with little prospect of debt recovery.


RV

Initialism for German Ryom-Verzeichnis (“Ryom-Catalog”).

(music) Initialism, used in combination with a reference number to indicate a particular work of music by Antonio Vivaldi according to a catalog originally assembled by Danish musicologist Peter Ryom.


CRC

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Costa Rican colon.


SOL

However, one thing is clear: Solana has established itself as the go-to-place for retail investors to trade memecoins, as evidenced by the surge in trading volumes which supports the bullish outlook for SOL.

2024 November 19, Omkar Godbole, “SOL Looks Set to Outperform BTC as Solana-Based DEXs Register Record $41B in Trading Volume: Godbole”, in CoinDesk (in English):

The Binance-adjacent cryptocurrency BNB, the native token of the BNB Chain, surged to new all-time high price on Wednesday, the latest large-cap crypto to notch fresh records following bitcoin (BTC), solana (SOL) and Tron's TRX as capital rotation to altcoins marches on full steam.

2024 December 4, Krisztian Sandor, “Binance's BNB Hits Fresh Record, Breaks Out of 3-Year Range as Altcoin Rotation Accelerates”, in CoinDesk (in English):

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the cryptocurrency Solana.


DOP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Dominican peso.


MAD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Moroccan dirham.


AOA

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Angolan kwanza.


AED

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the United Arab Emirates dirham.


RHD

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Rhodesian dollar; a currency used from 1970 to 1980.


BMD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bermudian dollar.


AMD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Armenian dram.


INR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Indian rupee.


SLE

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the new Sierra Leonean leone.


DOT

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the cryptocurrency Polkadot.

Dominican Republic
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
ISO 4217


LSM

(international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 4217 currency code for the Lesotho loti.


AON

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Angolan novo kwanza; a currency used from 1990 to 1995.


ESP

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Spanish peseta; a currency used from 1868 to 2002.


ANG

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Netherlands Antillean guilder.


MGF

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Malagasy franc; a currency used from 1963 to 2004.


PES

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former first Peruvian sol; a currency used from 1863 to 1985.


STN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the São Tomé and Príncipe dobra.


MRO

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former first Mauritanian ouguiya; a currency used from 1973 to 2018.


CHF

Abbreviation of Latin Confoederationis Helveticae (“of the Swiss Confederation”) + Latin francus (“franc”).

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Swiss franc.


LBP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Lebanese pound.


USD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the United States dollar.


CCC

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade with extremely high risk of default.

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is low grade with very high risk of default.


There are two primary theories of the origin of the question mark. One is that ⟨?⟩ descends from the punctus interrogativus ⟨⹔⟩, which instructed the reader (or singer) to raise the pitch of their voice while coming to a stop.
Another theory is that it derives from overset Qo, an abbreviation of Latin quaestio (“question”), placed at the end of a question to mark it as such, and analogous to the derivation of ⟨!⟩.
There are no documented intermediary forms to support one theory over the other.

For the reversed question mark used in some right-to-left scripts

Character #1: "I have no time to explain! Have you seen a Big Bad Wolf blowing down various houses?"

Character #2: "?"

(comics, Internet slang) Used by itself to convey that the speaker is confused.

A superscript question mark will be used similarly to indicate that a sentence or constituent is questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason. A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of questionability.
I have never { worked / been working } on a dissertation
This time tomorrow I { will / ^(??)am going to } be driving to London.

2006, Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, Bert Cappelle, “The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase”, in The Grammar of the English Tense System, volume 1 (in English), →ISBN, page 6:

(linguistics) Marks the following word or phrase as questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason.


ROL

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former third Romanian leu; a currency used from 1952 to 2005.


ARM

(international standards, historical) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the former Argentine peso moneda nacional; a currency used from 1881 to 1970.


(finance) Short-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that the issuer's ability to meet its obligations is strong.


LTC

The token is the native cryptocurrency of Litecoin, an open-source blockchain project whose code is copied from Bitcoin’s. Though several non-native ETF issuers have launched crypto funds this year, this is the first filing for a fund tied to LTC.

2024 October 15, Helene Braun, “Ex-Valkyrie Founder’s Canary Capital Group Files for First Litecoin ETF”, in CoinDesk:

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the cryptocurrency Litecoin.


BB

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is somewhat speculative with substantial risk of default.


CSD

(international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 4217 currency code for the Serbian dinar.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro


NIC

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Nicaraguan córdoba; a currency used from 1988 to 1990.

(international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 4217 currency code for the former first Nicaraguan córdoba; a currency used from 1912 to 1988.


(lexicography) Indicates antonyms of a word.


Slavic Phonetic Alphabet
Slavic Phonetic Alphabet#English

(phonetics) palatalization symbol in Slavic Phonetic Alphabet – more correctly the modifier letter ⟨ʹ⟩


In the modern sense as the equal sign, first attested in The Whetstone of Witte (1557) by Welsh mathematician Robert Recorde, in which the two parallel lines expressed equality, because, as Recorde wrote, "bicauſe noe .2. thynges, can be moare equalle" ("because no two things can be more equal").

abbr

The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombers

sheep pl. =

(lexicography) The same form as the headword.

(lexicography) Indicates synonyms of a word.

(linguistics) Indicates a clitic boundary.


(phonetics) See ˚ and ◌̊ for the ring, a diacritical mark.


head

† (English symbol name dagger or obelus)

dagger (English name symbol)
obelus (English name symbol)

Derives from the obelus, ⟨⸓⟩. Originally shaped like a dagger, it is now sometimes identical in shape to a Latin cross.

(typography) Used to indicate a (second) footnote.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used in the margin to indicate a nonstandard place where a verse should be sung with the second part of a two-part chant; typically used for the final verse of a psalm with an odd number of verses.


ius cogens

Latin jūs/iūs n (“right, law”) + cōgēns, from cōgō

A constraining law or peremptory norm, a legal provision from which the parties may not deviate.


ā

Āā Ǟǟ Ḇḇ C̄c̄ Ḏḏ Ēē Ḕḕ Ḗḗ Ḡḡ ẖ Īī Ḹḹ Ḻḻ Ṉṉ Ōō Ȫȫ Ṑṑ Ṓṓ R̄r̄ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ Ṯṯ Ūū Ǘǘ Ǖǖ Ṻṻ Ȳȳ Ẕẕ Ǣǣ

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel a


Δ

(music) Used after a pitch class to denote a major seventh chord with a note of said pitch as its root.


Φ

(linguistics) A wildcard for a pharyngeal consonant


ψ

(astrology, italic) asteroid (16) Psyche (a stylized 𝜓)

(Christianity) The Psalms (a book in the Bible).

(turned) a voiced retroflex click, IPA ⟨ɡ͜𝼊⟩.

(phonetics, dated) a voiceless retroflex click, IPA ⟨k͜𝼊⟩.


ARA

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Argentine austral; a currency used from 1985 to 1991.


D.C. al fine

(music) Repeat from the beginning to the end, or to the word "fine".


DDD

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is extremely speculative and possibly in default, with some prospect of debt recovery.


(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is upper-medium grade with low risk of default.


NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «A7».ogg

(music) The dominant seventh chord on A, formed by the notes A, C♯, E and G, also written as A⁷.


From the first letter of Mongolian төгрөг (tögrög).

(cryptocurrencies, informal) Symbol for the cryptocurrency Tether.


synonyms: O

(linguistics) A wildcard for an obstruent.


AZN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Azerbaijani manat.


From Italian quindicesima (“fifteenth”). Since the 20th century, the "a" has sometimes been interpreted as representing alta in Italian quindicesima alta (“fifteenth higher”); compare 15mb.

der

(music) An instruction to play two octaves higher than indicated.


ē

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel e


USN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the United States dollar next-day funds; a unit of account.


The set-theoretic meaning of this symbol was introduced by the Bourbaki group in their treatise Éléments de mathématique. André Weil has said in his autobiography that he based it on the Norwegian letter Ø.

(linguistic morphology) A null morpheme; a theoretical morpheme used in models of linguistic analysis to represent the absence of a morpheme where one might otherwise be expected.


ILS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Israeli new shekel.


AWG

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Aruban florin.


nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur

Latin, ”no one alleging his own turpitude is to be heard”.

...non potendosi dai Tribunali accogliere l'Istanze di coloro che allegano la violazione dei propri doveri come un mezzo di esimersi dal soddisfare alle contratte obbligazioni. Nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur.

1823, Supremo consiglio di giustizia, Tesoro del foro toscano, o sia, Raccolta delle decisioni del Supremo consiglio, volume 13 (in Italian), page 90:

Nunca a malicia aproveita a quem a emprega, e sempre o erro desfaz o que se fez com elle; ou, como dizem as leis romanas: «Nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur... Non videntur, qui errant, consentire» (a).

1866, Diogo Pereira Forjaz de Sampaio Pimentel, Livro segundo da parte primeira, tít. I-VIII, IX-XV (in Portuguese), page 387:

The operation of the principle that nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur has been considerably curtailed in the public interest, and the resulting doctrine of recrimination is said to have a fundamental moral value.

1958, Law in Eastern Europe, number 16 (in English), page 104:

Ako nije izričito drukčije određeno, vrijede opća načela: ex turpi causa non oritur actio; nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur; in pari turpitudine potior est conditio possidentis.

1969, Nikola Tintić, Radno i socijalno pravo: Radni odnosi (I) (in Serbo-Croatian and Latin), page 689:

III. Keine Aufnahme der gemeinrechtlichen Regel nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur in die Nichtigkeitslehre
Im österreichischen Recht basiert die Anerkennung der relativen Nichtigkeit unter anderem auf dem gemeinrechtlichen Proverbium nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur.

1998, Roland Michael Beckmann, Nichtigkeit und Personenschutz: Parteibezogene Einschränkung der Nichtigkeit von Rechtsgeschäften (in German), page 149:

In France the courts invoke the principle nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur and in England the principle is that ex turpi causa non oritur actio...

2010, Hugh Beale, Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson, Jacobien Rutgers, Contract Law: Ius Commune Casebooks for the Common Law of Europe (in English), page 1175:

The general fundamental principle of nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur will be specified not only under the Introductory Provisions, but also in re invalidity, with the stipulation that the entity incurring the cause of nullity in an imputable manner may not refer to the invalidity of the contract.

2005, Ildikó Basa, “Re-Codification of the Civil Code? Conception for Drafting the New Civil Code”, in Acta Juridica Hungarica (in English), page 86:

Zgodnie z zasadą nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur ten, kto zawinił zerwanie więzów rodzinnych, nie może ze swej niegodziwości wywodzić korzystnych dla siebie skutków.

2020, Grzegorz Wolak, “O wydziedziczeniu z powodu uporczywego niedopełniania obowiązków rodzinnych względem spadkodawcy”, in Studia Prawnicze KUL (in Polish):

According to the principle nemo turpitudinem suam allegans auditur, a person who is guilty of breaking family ties cannot derive any benefits for himself from his wickedness.

(law) No person may base an in rem right or legal claim against someone if the claimant has fulfilled the requirements for the acquisition of this right by an illegal act of his.


ROK

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#Indeterminate reservations

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Romanian leu; a currency used from 1947 to 1952.


(phonetics) A common ad hoc letter for a retroflex click, IPA ⟨ 𝼊 ⟩. The character U+203C is recommended for this use by Unicode and is supported by SIL fonts (e.g. proper placement of IPA diacritics).


semantic-pragmatic reason
semantic-pragmatic disorder

(linguistics) Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason.


The horns may curve up and then out again

forming a half circle like a digit 8 with the top removed

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Taurus.


(astrology) The symbol for the sign Gemini.


(astrology) The symbol for the sign Cancer.


A stylized representation of a lion's head and tail.

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Leo.


Unknown, but it has been suggested that the symbol derives from a letter M for (the Virgin) Mary in the Middle Ages, though the sign had earlier been identified with the goddess Ceres/Demeter. It has also been suggested to be a ligature of Greek παρ (par), for Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “maiden”).

with the loop crossing the second downward stroke

or have three downward strokes but with the third ending in a tail

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Virgo.


The curve in the top stroke may vary from a capital Ω-shape to a small bump

The bottom horizontal line is sometimes omitted

making it identical to some forms of ⟨🝇⟩. The lines may

may not end in serifs. Cursive form ⟨🝠⟩.

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Libra


(astrology) The symbol for the sign Sagittarius.


A stylized representation of the chimeric capricorn (head and forelegs of a goat, curling tail of a fish).

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Capricorn.


A stylized representation of (ripples of) water.

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Aquarius.


A pair of fish; the stroke joining them is relatively recent.

(astrology) The symbol for the sign Pisces.


The Greek letter Zeta with an abbreviation stroke, for Ζεύς (Zeús), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Jupiter. The form changed from Classical and early Medieval ⟨Ƶ⟩ to one with a more salient cross, ⟨♃⟩, in the 15th–16th century, at about the time that Christian crosses were added to ⟨☿⟩, ⟨♀⟩ and ⟨♄⟩, and so may have had a similar motivation.


The Greek letters kappa-rho with an abbreviation stroke at bottom, for Κρόνος (Krónos), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Saturn. The cross at top was added later, to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


A globe surmounted by the letter H, the initial of Herschel, the discoverer of Uranus ('planet Herschel').

A multiple star, the beautiful trapezium in the “Fish’s mouth” of the vast nebula in the middle of Orion’s sword-scabbard. A 6, pale white; B 7, faint lilac; C 7½, garnet; D 8, reddish; and E 15, blue. This was entered 1 ♅. iii., in November, 1776, and had the honour of being the object to which the grand forty-foot reflector was first directed, in February, 1787, under the designation of “quadruple.” As a trapezium it was gazed at, measured, and delineated, for upwards of fifty years, when Σ. announced it “quintuplex,” by the addition of the little star E. Now when we consider the eye of ♅., the measures of S., and the rigorous examination of H., this little companion must be looked upon as variable; […]

1844, William Henry Smyth, “θ¹ Orionis”, in Cycle of Celestial Objects, for the Use of Naval, Military, and Private Astronomers, volume the second (The Bedford Catalogue) (in English), London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], page 130:


The trident of Neptune, the Ancient Roman god of the sea.

– the symbol commonly has barbs on the tines

– orbed variant common in German-language sources alongside ⟨♁⟩ for the Earth and ⟨⛢⟩ for Uranus

so that most of the planetary symbols contain an orb

sometimes with horizontal barbs on the outer tines so that those look like an inverted omega

this form of Neptune's trident was used by Newton as a symbol for bismuth

before the planet Neptune had been discovered. Typefaces that use this form may harmonize it with Jupiter so that it looks like ⟨⟩ reflected on itself.

Ψ

Greek capital letter psi is sometimes used as a typographic substitute.

(military) a common component of naval emblems.


A monogram of the capital letters P and L, the first two letters of "Pluto" as well as the initials of Percival Lowell.

(astronomy, astrology) Pluto (as one of the nine planets).


CHE

Coordinate term: CHW (WIR franc)

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the WIR euro; a unit of account.


NAD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Namibian dollar.


TMT

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Turkmenistani manat.


beneficium excussionis

beneficium ordinis seu excussionis#Translingual

(law) Short for beneficium ordinis seu excussionis.


beneficium ordinis seu excussionis

exceptio ordinis seu excussionis#Translingual

(law) Synonym of exceptio ordinis seu excussionis


exceptio ordinis seu excussionis

(law) An exception whereby a debtor claims the “benefit of excussion”.

voorreg van uitwinning

The exception that the creditor has to try to be satisfied by the principal debtor first

väite, että saatavat on perittävä ensin päävelalliselta


SSP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the South Sudanese pound.


amici curiae

(law) People/entities who have been allowed by the court to plead or make submissions but who, however, are not directly involved in the action.


curator bonis

A curator appointed to look after the affairs of a person who is under some form of legal disability.


exceptio doli

From Latin exceptiō (“exception”) + dolus (“trickery, deception”).

Such would be the case, for example, if a person were to sue upon a transaction which he had obtained from the defendant by intimidation, or if he were to sue the defendant in breach of an informal agreement not to sue (pactum de non petendo). In this way the exceptio doli may sometimes serve the purposes of an exceptio metus or exceptio pacti. But Roman jurisprudence did not stop there. An exceptio doli was declared to be available, not only where the plaintiff by taking legal proceedings was acting maliciously, but also wherever, as it was said, 'ipsa res in se dolum habet' (1, 36 D. de verb. obl. 45, I), i.e. wherever the raising of the action constituted objectively a breach of good faith. The insertion of the exceptio doli in the formula was considered as empowering the judge to take account of every single circumstance which would render the condemnation of the defendant substantially unjust. ZUURBEKOM, LTD v UNION CORPORATION, LTD 1947 (1) SA 514 (A)

exceptio doli generalis
exceptio doli generalis

(law) More properly the exceptio doli generalis. An exception or exceptio whereby a defendant can raise the defence that the plaintiff has not acted in good faith.


exceptio doli generalis

From Latin exceptiō (“exception”) + dolus (“trickery, deception”) + generālis (“general, generic”).

(law) Otherwise known as the exceptio doli. An exception or exceptio whereby a defendant can raise the defence that the plaintiff has not acted in good faith.


exceptio non adempleti contractus

"(T)he contention is advanced that the exceptio non adempleti contractus should only be available to the owner where the nature of the defect in the work delivered is of so substantial a nature as to entitle the owner to refuse to accept the work." MACFARLANE v CROOKE 1951 (3) SA 256 (C)

(law) An exception whereby a defendant can avoid his obligations to the plaintiff based on poor performance by the plaintiff.

excepción de falta de cumplimiento del contrato


lis alibi pendens

From līs (“lawsuit, action”) + alibī (“elsewhere”) + pendēns (“pending”).

The preclusion of another court dealing with an action in respect of the same subject matter.

vireilläolovaikutus

No other court dealing with the same action


And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 13:16–18:


ʞ

(superscript ⟨𐞾⟩, IPA) [ʞ]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʞ]-release.

A minus diacritic, [ʞ᫢], may be used to distinguish a uvular release.

(phonetics) A back-released click consonant (voiceless nasal, with a velar or uvular release).

ʞ=deep guttural k.

1892, Franz Boas, Notes on the Chemakum Language, in American Anthropologist

(phonetics, obsolete) A voiceless uvular stop ([q])


ARP

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Argentine peso argentino; a currency used from 1983 to 1985.


exceptio res judicata

From exceptio (“exception”) and res judicata (literally “judged, decided thing”).

An exception whereby the defendant can claim that the matter has already been adjudged and cannot be re-visited.

oikeusvoimavaikutus

Exception that a matter cannot be re-visited

Prozesshindernis der entgegenstehenden Rechtskraft

Einrede der entgegenstehenden Rechtskraft

Einwand der entgegenstehenden Rechtskraft


The shield of the sun god Apollo, with a boss in the center. Medieval replacement of ⟨🜚⟩, the sun with a single ray, which in ancient times had replaced a sun orb surrounded by multiple rays.
Compare the Egyptian hieroglyph ⟨⟩ and the Chinese character ⟨⟩, both of which mean 'sun' and 'day'.

A subscript to variables in mathematical equations, such as π_☉ (solar parallax).

Suppose the apparent angular distance of the sun & moon's nearest limbs [...] to be 110°.2′.30″ the app. alt of ☉'s lower limb measuring 20°.40′ and that of ☽'s lower limb 35°.24′

1803, Robert Patterson, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, volume 40 (in English), Princeton University Press, published 2013, page 71:


BEF

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Belgian franc; a currency used from 1832 to 2002.


.ai

. + ISO 3166-1 country code for Anguilla, AI.

The ccTLD for Anguilla as assigned by the IANA.


Originally a lowercase b written with a round loop (the so called "round B" or "B rotundum") to distinguish from a lowercase b written with a square loop ("square B" or "B quadratum"), when the only notes used in (Western) music were what are now considered C, D, E, F, G, A, B-flat and B. The round B was used for the former and the square B for the latter. The round B was then later generalized as the symbol for flat notes.

(music) A flat; a bemol (a note one semitone lower).


Originally a lowercase b written with a square loop (the so called "square B" or "B quadratum") to distinguish from a lowercase b written with a round loop ("round B" or "B rotundum"), when the only notes used in (Western) music were what are now considered C, D, E, F, G, A, B-flat and B. The round B was used for the former and the square B for the latter. The square B was then later generalized as the symbol for non-flat notes, variants of which diverged into the modern natural and sharp signs.

(music) A sharp (a note one semitone higher).


(music) a natural (The cancelling of a flat "♭" or a sharp "♯")


used when omitting a section in quoted text

Free training ... with pay ... in the U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps

1944, advert for the U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps in Life magazine, Volume 16, Number 4 (page 31)

A relieved world then will eagerly turn to the task of reclaiming the destruction wrought by Mars ... A tremendous task, filled with infinite possibilities ... A profitable task, according to how well you are prepared to do your part in the rehabilitation

1944, McGraw-Hill, Engineering and Mining Journal, volume 145 (in English), page 54:

1951, advert for IBM in Fortune magazine, volume 44 number 6, December 1951, page 55.

Thousands of IBM business machines ... critical to our nation's defense ... are at work for science, industry, and the armed forces

Adds...subtracts...multiplies...divides...instantly & electronically!

1973, advert for MIT calculators in Radio-Electronics, January issue, page 15

(chiefly advertising, dated) Links loosely related clauses and surrounds parentheticals in the manner of the comma, semicolon or em dash

(typography) May be, or form part of, a leader: a series of dots used as a visual aid to connect items in lists, such as chapter headers to page numbers in a table of contents.


(linguistics) presupposition of a sentence


Use as a multiplication or product operator is usually attributed to German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which indicates nonstandard places in the text where the chant should change note.


(finance) Short-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings, indicating that the issuer's ability to meet its obligations is very strong.


(astrology) A tredecile (3⁄10) aspect of 108°.


RM

A currency sign representing the Malaysian ringgit.


BBB

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is lower-medium grade with moderate risk of default.


BSD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bahamian dollar.


ˈ

(phonetics) a mid floating tone (when the macron is used for vowel length) or a high-mid floating tone (when the macron is used for tone).


venire contra factum proprium

venīre contrā factum prōprium (canonical)

(law) contradiction to one’s own previous conduct (which is detrimental for who exposes it by jeopardising his claims or entitling the adversary to one against him)


ō

(phonetics) A common convention for a long vowel o


A+

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is upper-medium grade with low risk of default.


B+

(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings, indicating that a bond is highly speculative with high risk of default.


head

+ (English symbol name plus sign or plus)

plus sign (English name symbol)
plus (English name symbol)

antonym(s) of “addition or positiveness”

From a ligature of Latin et (“and”). Compare & and ⁊ of same meaning.

(Roman Catholicism) Written by a bishop before his signature.


.mil

(Internet) An Internet top-level domain indicating that a website is used by a military institution.


It's 'cause we blowing like a C4 / Got my whole crew blowin' like a C4

2011, “Crew Love”, in Take Care (in English), performed by Drake ft. The Weeknd:

(military) A plastic explosive; see C-4 (explosive).


XDR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for special drawing rights; a unit of account.


numerus clausus

Any limitation in number for the admission of newcomers.

Limitation on the number of those who enter a profession

Limitation on the number of students allowed to enter university based on examination performance, ethnicity or gender.

numerus clausus

limitation on the number of students allowed to enter university based on examination performance, ethnicity or gender

The limitation of in rem rights under property law to the selection previously devised by the legal system.


(finance) Short-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that the issuer's ability to meet its obligations is very strong.


○ and ◌⃝ for uses of a letter inside a circle

(phonetics) An unidentifiable or indeterminate open vowel.

Circle-A, a substitute for a symbol for anarchy or anarchism.


in pari delicto

Latin in pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis: "if both (parties) are in the wrong, the position of the defendant is the stronger".

"The 'clean hands doctrine', derived from English law, is similar in effect to the Roman law maxim in pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis, which operated as an absolute bar to the grant of relief to the plaintiff. The doctine, also known as the par delictum rule, is concerned with the moral guilt of contracting parties, not their criminal liability.

(law) In pari delicto describes a case in which involved parties are mutually or equally at fault. In such cases where a party's own conduct is mutually wrongful, that party may not claim damages or satisfaction from the other(s) in a court of law.


FITA

w:Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc

Acronym of Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc; the governing body of archery


More information
Invented by Louis Braille, braille cells were arranged in numerical order and assigned to the letters of the French alphabet. Most braille alphabets follow this assignment for the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet or, in non-Latin scripts, for the transliterations of those letters. In such alphabets, the first ten braille letters (the first decade: ⠁⠃⠉⠙⠑⠋⠛⠓⠊⠚) are assigned to the Latin letters A to J and to the digits 1 to 9 and 0. (Apart from '2', the even digits all have three dots: ⠃⠙⠋⠓⠚.)
The letters of the first decade are those cells with at least one dot in the top row and at least one in the left column, but none in the bottom row. The next decade repeat the pattern with the addition of a dot at the lower left, the third decade with two dots in the bottom row, and the fourth with a dot on the bottom right. The fifth decade is like the first, but shifted downward one row. The first decade is supplemented by the two characters with dots in the right column and none in the bottom row, and that supplement is propagated to the other decades using the generation rules above. Finally, there are four characters with no dots in the top two rows. Many languages that use braille letters beyond the 26 of the basic Latin alphabet follow an approximation of the English or French values for additional letters.

Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠵⟩: ⡵ ⢵ ⣵


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠃⟩: ⡃ ⢃ ⣃


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠉⟩: ⡉ ⢉ ⣉


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠙⟩: ⡙ ⢙ ⣙


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠑⟩: ⡑ ⢑ ⣑


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠋⟩: ⡋ ⢋ ⣋


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠛⟩: ⡛ ⢛ ⣛


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠓⟩: ⡓ ⢓ ⣓


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠊⟩: ⡊ ⢊ ⣊


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠚⟩: ⡚ ⢚ ⣚


/ (English name slash or stroke or solidus)

slash (English name)
stroke (English name)
solidus (English name)

The various uses of the present symbol derive from several sources. The medieval virgule (Latin virgula) was an oblique or vertical line that served as a comma, period, and caesura mark and is still used in literary contexts to mark line breaks in verse. (This mark separately developed as the comma ⟨,⟩ and caesura mark ⟨‖⟩ and some senses of the vertical bar ⟨|⟩.) The shilling mark (Latin solidus) was variously written s. or as the long s ſ. This eventually developed into a single unpunctuated slash; its use to separate shillings from pence was sometimes generalized to any currency division. Most mathematical senses derived from the earlier horizontal fraction bar (as in 12, usually attributed to Arabic mathematician al-Hassar), rewritten with a slash by the 18th century to permit fractions to be written on a single line. As a separator and conjunction, it represents an oblique form of the dash ⟨–⟩ or hyphen ⟨-⟩. Its use to mark supposed actions derives from command formatting in online chat forums, while its use to comment on preceding text derives from its use in some programming languages to form closing tags. Its present British name stroke derives from its use in telegraphy; its present American name slash gained wide currency from its use in computing.

£10/– is ten quid even.

(numismatics, sometimes proscribed) Used to separate base currency units from their subdivisions; or, when followed by a dash or hyphen marking an even sum.

Her approval numbers stand at 42/23, meaning she presently has a net favorability of +19 but that a large number of voters remain undecided.

Used in place of a dash or hyphen in several contexts.

(politics) Used to separate percentages for and against or approving and disapproving (always in that order) in poll results.


(historical, numismatics) The currency sign for British, Irish, Kenyan, etc. shillings.


ESB

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for foreign-owned accounts in convertible Spanish pesetas; a unit of account used until 1993.


(music) Two eighth notes connected with a beam.


(music) Two sixteenth notes connected with a beam.


(cryptocurrencies) The symbol for cryptocurrency Solana.


҅ (name spiritus asper or dasy pneuma or dasia)

spiritus asper (name)
dasy pneuma (name)
dasia (name)

(linguistics) Rough breathing mark; used in the early Cyrillic alphabet when writing the Old Church Slavonic language.


҆ (name spiritus lenis or psilon pneuma or psilí or zvatel'tse)

spiritus lenis (name)
psilon pneuma (name)
psilí (name)
zvatel'tse (name)

(linguistics) Soft breathing mark; used in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets when writing the Old Church Slavonic language.


(linguistics) Extended diacritic symbol used in old Cyrillic manuscripts, e.g. in Old Church Slavonic language, indicating abbreviations, or letters used as numerals.


SBD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Solomon Islands dollar.


į

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [i]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.


sf

(music) sforzando (of playing: with a strong initial attack)


DEM

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Deutsche Mark; a currency used from 1948 to 2002.


GBP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the British pound sterling.


(white supremacy) The 'fourteen words': we must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children.


GRC

(international standards) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the cryptocurrency Gridcoin.


(printing) Abbreviation of trigesimo-secundo., book and paper size, (3.75"-5" x 2.5"-3.125")


FIM

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former new Finnish markka; a currency used from 1963 to 2002.


(printing) Abbreviation of duodecimo, a book size using duodecimo-sized pages.


MTP

(international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 4217 currency code for the former Maltese pound; a currency used from 1972 to 1983.


From English, abbreviation of Group of Seven.

US reputational damage is not confined to Europe. There was dismay among the G7 countries that a joint statement on tackling the pandemic could not be agreed because Trump insisted on calling it the “Wuhan virus” – his crude way of pinning sole blame on China.

2020 April 12, Simon Tisdall, “US's global reputation hits rock-bottom over Trump's coronavirus response”, in The Guardian (in English):

(economics, politics) The seven economically most important capitalist countries, which are the United States, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy and Canada, whose finance ministers meet several times a year to discuss economic policy.


(music) Symbol for G seventh or dominant seventh.


s.l.

Abbreviation of sine loco (“without place”).

abbreviation of

(bibliography, proscribed) no place of publication given


Coordinate term: ©


ـ

(typography) A carrier for vowel diacritic, used to display the diacritic without a base letter.


PLZ

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former third Polish złoty; a currency used from 1950 to 1994.


(military) a type of plastique (plastic explosive)


(lexicography) Used in some dictionaries when a hyphenated word breaks on the hyphen at the end of a line.


(typography) Introduces items in a list.


A star and crescent, and ancient symbol originally representing either the Sun and Moon or the Moon and Venus.


First used as a communist symbol by Yevgeny Kamzolkin in 1917.

The hammer and sickle, a symbol of communism.


[A chariot pulled by a burning skeleton horse parks in a handicap spot, marked with the symbol: ♿] Oskar: Hey, that's a handicap spot.

2015, “Blood Moon Ball”, in Star vs. the Forces of Evil, season 1, episode 8a (in English):

The International Symbol of Access, used to indicate at places suitable for disabled people.


ربع الحزب
ربع الحزب#Arabic

The rub el hizb (Arabic ربع الحزب) symbol, used to divide the hizbs (chapters) of the Qur'an.


وَوَضۡعُ هٰذِهِ الۡعَلَامَةِ «۩» بَعۡدَ كَلِمَةٍ یَدُلُّ عَلَىٰ مَوۡضِعِ السَّجۡدَةِ نَحۡوُ: وَلِلَّهِ یَسۡجُدُ مَا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَمَا فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مِن دَاۤبَّةࣲ وَٱلۡمَلَـٰۤىِٕكَةُ وَهُمۡ لَا یَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ ۝٤٩ یَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُم مِّن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَیَفۡعَلُونَ مَا یُؤۡمَرُونَ ۩ ۝٥٠

1424 AH / 2003–2004 CE, “رِوَايَةُ هٰذَا الۡمُصۡحَفِ وَمُصۡطَلَحَاتُ رَسۡمِهِ وَضَبۡطِهِ وَعَدُّ آيِهِ [riwāyatu hāḏā l-muṣḥafi wamuṣṭalaḥātu rasmihi waḍabṭihi waʕaddu ʔāyihi]”, in مُصۡحَفُ الۡمَدِينَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ [muṣḥafu l-madīnati n-nabawiyyati] (in Arabic), King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran, page ح:

(Islam) used in the Qur'an, indicating that the reciter should follow the example of the prophet Muhammad in prostrating himself before Allah at that point in the verse.


(typography) The Arabic star, used like an asterisk


CVE

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Cape Verdean escudo.


LTL

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Lithuanian litas; a currency used from 1993 to 2015.


A scythe, representing the Roman harvest goddess Ceres. Invented soon after discovery in the early 19th century. The cross at bottom recalls ⟨☿⟩ and ⟨♀⟩. The symbol was once sometimes reversed to incorporate the letter 'C' as the initial for 'Ceres'.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet and asteroid 1 Ceres.


A spear, representing the goddess Pallas Athena. Invented soon after discovery in the early 19th century. The head of the spear took on various shapes, depending on typographic convenience, including a triangle △ and a spade ♤ or inverted heart ♡, but is now usually a diamond ◇ or lozenge ◊. The cross at bottom recalls ⟨☿⟩, ⟨♀⟩, ⟨⚳⟩.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 2 Pallas.

alchemical symbol for sulfur, a variant form of Athena's spear that was sometimes easier to typeset


The scepter of the Roman queen of the gods, Juno, surmounted by a star. The scepter took various forms in the 19th century, some rather elaborate, but soon the original printer's hack of an asterisk ⟨*⟩ over an inverted dagger ⟨⸸⟩ was settled on for typographic convenience.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 3 Juno.


The eternal fire in the Roman temple to the goddess Vesta. The current form, which incorporates the letter 'V', is an astrological simplification, from the 1970s, of the 1852 form below.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 4 Vesta.


BND

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Brunei dollar.


The caesura mark is a variant of the medieval Latin virgula (“scratch comma”).

Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena ‖ in gēar-dagum

(lexicography) Used to indicate an unnaturalised or foreign word.

The angel of the Lord tarrieth | round about | them that ‖ fear him : | and de|livereth | them.

(music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, used to mark the place in a verse which corresponds to the double barline in the chant, in circumstances where this is not the same place as the colon which divides the two halves of the verse; typically done when one half is very short.


ƒ

(photography) Used to denote an f-number, usually in the format “ƒ/N” where N is the f-number.


Note: there is no dedicated Unicode character for the astronomical symbol for a star. Publishers make different choices.

The notation M_∗ indicates the mass of a particular star; it is not a unit of measurement.


(logistics) Label icon on packages that need to be kept from getting wet (e.g. from rain).


head

★ (English symbol name star or five-pointed star)

star (English name symbol)
five-pointed star (English name symbol)

Likely from Egyptian 𓇼 (“determinative for stars and constellations”) (image: dwA). However, around the same time in Mesopotamia, non-cuneiform depictions of a star with eight- or six-points are attested; compare Sumerian 𒀭, a cuneiform character descended from such drawings.

der

(education, assessment) Indicates an outstanding performance.

A mark of excellence.
An award; a certificate.
Indicates an outstanding performance.

(military, law enforcement) A badge; an honour.

A mark of excellence.
An award; a certificate.
A badge; an honour.

(chiefly video games) An achievement; rewards.

A mark of excellence.
An achievement; rewards.

(animation, especially anime, comics) Appears in the eyes of a character to indicate that they are star-struck, excited or incredibly happy.

Indicates something or someone noteworthy, important, special or significant.

(military) Insignia, with more stars indicating a higher, superior or more senior rank or position.

(video games) Indicates a power-up or collectible item.

(video games, tabletop games) The symbol for a fictional in-game currency; victory points.

(chiefly animation) Appears on an object to indicate that it is shiny, bright or polished; a sparkle.

(video games) A difficulty rating, with more stars indicating a higher level of difficulty.


Cross potent
Greek cross
Jerusalem cross
cross potent
letter T


Represents An aspect of Taoism, such as Taoist beliefs, culture or the Taoist community.

Indicates that one is a Taoist; a person who subscribes to Taoist philosophy.

(cartography) On a map, marks a Taoist shrine.

Represents Taoism.
On a map, marks a Taoist shrine.


(Buddhism) the dharmachakra, the symbol for Buddhism


(astrology, dated) A fictitious invisible second moon of Earth, claimed to have been observed in the early 20th century.

(astrology) The position of the apogee of the actual Moon, or sometimes the empty focus of the Moon's elliptical orbit, which lies in approximately the same direction as the apogee.

(astrology) The mean Black Moon: the mean position of the lunar apogee, disregarding gravitational perturbations by the Sun or the planets, as opposed to the "true" Black Moon ⟨⯞⟩.


(comics) Multiple gears indicate that a character is thinking and is probably about to have an idea. Compare 💡 (“light bulb symbol, indicates an idea”).


head

✡ (English symbol name Star of David or Magen David or Mogen David)

Star of David (English name symbol)
Magen David (English name symbol)
Mogen David (English name symbol)

The precise origin of the use of it as a Jewish symbol remains unknown, but it apparently emerged in the context of medieval Jewish protective amulets (segulot).
The Jewish Encyclopedia cites a 12th-century Karaite document as the earliest Jewish literary source to mention the symbol.

Represents Judaism and Jewish identify, whether religious, national or ethnic.

(possibly offensive) Represents solidarity with the Jewish people or Judaism, such as in remembrance to the victims of the Holocaust.


(reference of Unicode name) A Maltese cross.


Venus in conjunction with Jupiter


Venus in opposition to Jupiter


BWV

Initialism for the German Bach (“J.S.Bach”)-Werke (“works”)-Verzeichnis (“catalog”).

(music) Used to indicate a particular work of music according to a reference number assigned in the Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke von Johann Sebastian Bach, a catalog which provides a reference number for each work of music by Johann Sebastian Bach, or which has been attributed to him.


henceforth (adv.) from this time forth; from now on: "⁓ she will be known as Mrs. Wales."

(lexicography) swung dash, used to indicate the repetition of the topical word or item.


(typography) Alternative form of • (“introduces items in a list”)


(lexicography) A caret, marking where text is to be inserted.


(computing, typography) An explicit space, as opposed to a tab character, or nothing at all.


NOK

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Norwegian krone.


ZAR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the South African rand.


EUR

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Euro.


AUD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Australian dollar.


ZWL

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former fourth Zimbabwean dollar; a currency used from 2009 to 2019.

(international standards, obsolete) Former unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the former Zimbabwean Real Time Gross Settlement dollar; a currency used from 2019 to 2020.


VND

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Vietnamese đồng.


UZS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Uzbekistan som.


UGX

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Ugandan shilling.


TZS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Tanzanian shilling.


TWD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the New Taiwan dollar.


TTD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Trinidad and Tobago dollar.


TRY

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Turkish lira.


TND

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Tunisian dinar.


SYP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Syrian pound.


SRD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Surinamese dollar.


AFN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Afghan afghani.


ALL

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Albanian lek.


ARS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Argentine peso.


BAM

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark.


BBD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Barbados dollar.


BDT

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bangladeshi taka.


BGN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bulgarian lev.


BHD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bahraini dinar.


BIF

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Burundian franc.


BRL

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Brazilian real.


BTN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Bhutanese ngultrum.


BWP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Botswana pula.


BYR

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Belarusian ruble; a currency used from 2000 to 2016.


BZD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Belize dollar.


CDF

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Congolese franc.


COP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Colombian peso.


CUP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Cuban peso.


CZK

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Czech koruna.


DJF

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Djiboutian franc.


DKK

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Danish krone.


DZD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Algerian dinar.


EEK

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former second Estonian kroon; a currency used from 1992 to 2010.


EGP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Egyptian pound.


ERN

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Eritrean nakfa.


ETB

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Ethiopian birr.


FJD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Fiji dollar.


FKP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Falkland Islands pound.


GEL

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Georgian lari.


GHS

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Ghanaian cedi.


GIP

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Gibraltar pound.


GMD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Gambian dalasi.


GNF

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Guinean franc.


GTQ

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Guatemalan quetzal.


GYD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Guyanese dollar.


HKD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Hong Kong dollar.


HNL

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Honduran lempira.


HRK

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Croatian kuna.


HTG

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Haitian gourde.


HUF

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Hungarian forint.


✝ (English symbol name Latin cross or Christian cross)

Latin cross (English name symbol)
Christian cross (English name symbol)

Early Christianity
Latin cross
Vic Cathedral

The Christianity sense (sense 1) was first used by early Christians in the 1st century AD; the Latin cross design represents the cross upon which Jesus was crucified around AD 33 (see also cruxifiction of Jesus on WikipediaWikipedia). It was popularised as a universal symbol for Christianity after circa AD 350, overtaking symbols like the ichthys.
The death senses (sense 2) might be derived from the cross as a method of execution in the form of crucifixion, while the grave subsense (sense 2.1) is probably derived from the common use of a Latin cross as a grave marker to indicate that the buried individual adhered to Christianity: reinterpreted as a generic symbol of a grave.
The fleuron sense (sense 3) is derived from sense 1.

pedia

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

Represents Christianity; an aspect thereof, such as Christendom, the Church, faith, prayer, blessings, clergy, God or Jesus.

(in stricter terms) Represents Western Christianity, especially Catholicism and certain denominations of Protestantism.

(Christianity) The crucifixion of Jesus on the cross; also, His subsequent resurrection; the Passion; eternal life.


SEK

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Swedish krona.


SML

(international standards, historical) Unofficial non-ISO 4217 currency code for the former Sammarinese lira; a currency used from 1952 to 2002.


MRU

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Mauritanian ouguiya.


(linguistics, text-style only) which goes to (used for synchronic rules only).

Cf. rising ↗ and falling ↘.

(phonetics, text-style only) An implicit IPA symbol for level intonation across a word or phrase, disregarding downdrift.


NZD

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the New Zealand dollar.


(finance) Long-term bond credit rating by Moody's Investors Service, indicating that a bond is highly speculative with high risk of default.


(music) Symbol for B seventh or dominant seventh.


Coordinate term: 𝄆

(music) Indicates the end of a repeated passage of music.


AOR

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Angolan kwanza reajustado; a currency used from 1995 to 1999.


ᴀ

(phonetics, sinology) open central unrounded vowel, or low central unrounded vowel ([ä] in the IPA)

ᴀ ʙ ᴄ ᴅ ᴇ ꜰ ɢ ʜ ɪ ᴊ ᴋ ʟ ᴍ ɴ ᴏ ᴘ ꞯ ʀ ꜱ ᴛ ᴜ ᴠ ᴡ ʏ ᴢ


ᴇ

(phonetics, Sinology) A mid front unrounded vowel between [e] and [ɛ]: IPA [e̞].


ᴘ

Derived from ⟨ʙ⟩ by analogy with b and p.

(phonetics) A voiceless bilabial trill: IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: [ʙ̥].


ȸ

(phonetics, dated) Voiced labiodental plosive (IPA [b̪]).


ą

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [a]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.


ȹ

(phonetics, dated) Voiceless labiodental plosive (IPA [p̪]).


Ƈ

(linguistics) A wildcard for an implosive consonant


ų

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [u]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.


(music) The five-lined musical staff, used in standard Western musical notation


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠂⟩: ⡂ ⢂ ⣂


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠅⟩: ⡅ ⢅ ⣅


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠆⟩: ⡆ ⢆ ⣆


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠌⟩: ⡌ ⢌ ⣌


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠒⟩: ⡒ ⢒ ⣒


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠔⟩: ⡔ ⢔ ⣔


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠡⟩: ⡡ ⢡ ⣡


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠤⟩: ⡤ ⢤ ⣤


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠇⟩: ⡇ ⢇ ⣇


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠍⟩: ⡍ ⢍ ⣍


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠎⟩: ⡎ ⢎ ⣎


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠕⟩: ⡕ ⢕ ⣕


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠥⟩: ⡥ ⢥ ⣥


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠣⟩: ⡣ ⢣ ⣣


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠩⟩: ⡩ ⢩ ⣩


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠪⟩: ⡪ ⢪ ⣪


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠱⟩: ⡱ ⢱ ⣱


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠸⟩: ⡸ ⢸ ⣸


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠴⟩: ⡴ ⢴ ⣴


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠬⟩: ⡬ ⢬ ⣬


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠏⟩: ⡏ ⢏ ⣏


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠗⟩: ⡗ ⢗ ⣗


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠝⟩: ⡝ ⢝ ⣝


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠞⟩: ⡞ ⢞ ⣞


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠧⟩: ⡧ ⢧ ⣧


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠫⟩: ⡫ ⢫ ⣫


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠭⟩: ⡭ ⢭ ⣭


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠮⟩: ⡮ ⢮ ⣮


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠳⟩: ⡳ ⢳ ⣳


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠶⟩: ⡶ ⢶ ⣶


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠹⟩: ⡹ ⢹ ⣹


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠺⟩: ⡺ ⢺ ⣺


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠟⟩: ⡟ ⢟ ⣟


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠻⟩: ⡻ ⢻ ⣻


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠽⟩: ⡽ ⢽ ⣽


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠾⟩: ⡾ ⢾ ⣾


Braille eight-dot extensions from ⟨⠿⟩: ⡿ ⢿ ⣿


(numismatics) spesmilo (an obsolete international currency)


Sinanthropus

(anthropology, paleontology, archaeology, obsolete) A taxonomic genus within the family Hominidae – a group of extinct bipedal hominids.


Zinjanthropus

From Zinj (“East Africa”) + Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “man”).


MAF

(international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 4217 currency code for the former Malian franc; a currency used from 1962 to 1984.


ǫ

(phonetics) A nasal vowel [õ]. The norm in Americanist notation; sometimes used in IPA transcription to leave room over the vowel letter for tone diacritics.

(phonetics) An open vowel [ɔ~ɒ], distinct from [o]. The norm in German dialectological notation; long equivalent is ǭ.


RUB

(international standards) ISO 4217 currency code for the Russian ruble.


(finance) Short-term bond credit rating by Fitch Ratings, indicating that the issuer's ability to meet its obligations is adequate.


BEL

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former financial Belgian franc; a currency used until 1990.


BRN

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Brazilian cruzado novo; a currency used from January 1989 to March 1990.


CYP

(international standards, historical) ISO 4217 currency code for the former Cypriot pound; a currency used from 1879 to 2006.