RJ

(astronomy) Jovian radius: a unit of measurement, equal to the radius of Jupiter.


ML

(astronomy) Lunar mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of the Moon.


z

Pronunciation of IPA [zɑː, ɑzzɑː] with the sound [z]


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Aries.


A stylized representation of a scorpion with a stinging tail.

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Scorpius.


A (copper/bronze) handmirror, symbol of the Greek goddess Aphrodite (and her Roman equivalent Venus). The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


The circle and arrow represent the shield and spear, respectively, of the Ancient Greek god of war Ares (and his Ancient Roman equivalent Mars). In the Medieval era the spear had crossed in front of the shield, and the ancient form lacked the shield altogether.


(Christianity, astronomy): A globus cruciger (the globe surmounted by a Christian cross), representing Christ's or the Church's rule over the redeemed world. Alchemical extension to newly-discovered antimony, motivated by an attempt to retain an association between the basic metals and the known planets. Astronomical use is reinforced by the graphic similarity to the symbol ⟨♀⟩ for Venus, which is the planet that is most similar to Earth.


A simple caduceus (☤) of the Greek god Hermes (and his Roman equivalent Mercury), as seen with a much longer staff in stylized representations of that god e.g. on pottery. The cross was added in the 16th century to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


Chaos

From Latin chaos (“chaos”), from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).

(astronomy) A planetoid and cubewano orbiting in the Kuiper belt.


L

From the Etruscan letter 𐌋 (l, “el”), from the Ancient Greek letter Λ (L, “lambda”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤋 (l, “lamed”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌅.

(astronomy, physics, measurement, cgs) lambert


M

(astronomy) abbreviation of Messier, used in Messier numbers

M_☉ — solar mass; M_🜨 — terrestrial mass; M_J or M_♃ — jovian mass; M_L or M_☾ — lunar mass

(astronomy) mass of a reference body as a unit of measure


Peg

(astronomy) abbreviation of Pegasi (“Pegasus”, genitive)


AT

astronomical transient
en:astronomical transient

(astronomy) abbreviation of astronomical transient, prefix for astronomical transients in official IAU astronomical event and object notation


Angelina

(astronomy) an asteroid in Asteroid Belt, Solar System; a main belt asteroid.


planum

(astronomy, planetology, planetography, astrogeography, astrogeology) an elevated plain or plateau on a moon or planet


(astronomy) abbreviation of en:Messier 31, the Messier number designation of the Andromeda Galaxy


(astronomy) abbreviation of en:Messier 33, the Messier number designation of the Triangulum Galaxy


(astronomy) abbreviation of en:Messier 13, the Messier number designation of the Great Globular Cluster of a few hundred thousand stars in the constellation of Hercules


NGC

N.G.C. (alternative)
N. G. C. (alternative)

New General Catalogue
New General Catalogue#English

(astronomy) Initialism of New General Catalogue (a catalogue of deep-sky objects), used as a prefix for entries in this catalogue.


(astronomy) abbreviation of en:Messier 42, the Messier number designation of the Orion Nebula


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Taurus.


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Gemini.


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Cancer.


A stylized representation of a lion's head and tail.

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Leo.


Unknown, but it has been suggested that the symbol derives from a letter M for (the Virgin) Mary in the Middle Ages, though the sign had earlier been identified with the goddess Ceres/Demeter. It has also been suggested to be a ligature of Greek παρ (par), for Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “maiden”).

der

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Virgo.


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Libra


(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Sagittarius.


A stylized representation of the chimeric capricorn (head and forelegs of a goat, curling tail of a fish).

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Capricornus.


A stylized representation of (ripples of) water.

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Aquarius.


A pair of fish; the stroke joining them is relatively recent.

(astronomy, rare) The symbol for the constellation Pisces.


The Greek letter Zeta with an abbreviation stroke, for Ζεύς (Zeús), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Jupiter. The form changed from Classical and early Medieval ⟨Ƶ⟩ to one with a more salient cross, ⟨♃⟩, in the 15th–16th century, at about the time that Christian crosses were added to ⟨☿⟩, ⟨♀⟩ and ⟨♄⟩, and so may have had a similar motivation.


The Greek letters kappa-rho with an abbreviation stroke at bottom, for Κρόνος (Krónos), the Greek equivalent to the Roman god Saturn. The cross at top was added later, to Christianize the symbol of a pagan god.


A globe surmounted by the letter H, the initial of Herschel, the discoverer of Uranus ('planet Herschel').

A multiple star, the beautiful trapezium in the “Fish’s mouth” of the vast nebula in the middle of Orion’s sword-scabbard. A 6, pale white; B 7, faint lilac; C 7½, garnet; D 8, reddish; and E 15, blue. This was entered 1 ♅. iii., in November, 1776, and had the honour of being the object to which the grand forty-foot reflector was first directed, in February, 1787, under the designation of “quadruple.” As a trapezium it was gazed at, measured, and delineated, for upwards of fifty years, when Σ. announced it “quintuplex,” by the addition of the little star E. Now when we consider the eye of ♅., the measures of S., and the rigorous examination of H., this little companion must be looked upon as variable; […]

1844, William Henry Smyth, “θ¹ Orionis”, in Cycle of Celestial Objects, for the Use of Naval, Military, and Private Astronomers, volume the second (The Bedford Catalogue) (in English), London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], page 130:


The trident of Neptune, the Ancient Roman god of the sea.

bismuth (alternative)
Ψ (alternative)
psi (alternative)


A monogram of the capital letters P and L, the first two letters of "Pluto" as well as the initials of Percival Lowell.

(astronomy, astrology) Pluto (as one of the nine planets).


RL

(astronomy) Lunar radius: a unit of measurement, equal to the radius of the Moon.


planitia

(astronomy, planetology, planetography, astrogeography, astrogeology) A low plain. Used capitalised in names of geological features on other planets


MJ

(astronomy) Jovian mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of Jupiter.


(astronomy, before 16th century) The Classical and Medieval form of ⟨♀⟩, the symbol of the planet Venus.


A scythe, representing the Roman harvest goddess Ceres. Invented soon after discovery in the early 19th century. The cross at bottom recalls ⟨☿⟩ and ⟨♀⟩. The symbol was once sometimes reversed to incorporate the letter 'C' as the initial for 'Ceres'.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet and asteroid 1 Ceres.


A spear, representing the goddess Pallas Athena. Invented soon after discovery in the early 19th century. The head of the spear took on various shapes, depending on typographic convenience, including a triangle △ and a spade ♤ or inverted heart ♡, but is now usually a diamond ◇ or lozenge ◊. The cross at bottom recalls ⟨☿⟩, ⟨♀⟩, ⟨⚳⟩.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 2 Pallas.

alchemical symbol for sulfur, a variant form of Athena's spear that was sometimes easier to typeset


The scepter of the Roman queen of the gods, Juno, surmounted by a star. The scepter took various forms in the 19th century, some rather elaborate, but soon the original printer's hack of an asterisk ⟨*⟩ over an inverted dagger ⟨⸸⟩ was settled on for typographic convenience.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 3 Juno.


The eternal fire in the Roman temple to the goddess Vesta. The current form, which incorporates the letter 'V', is an astrological simplification, from the 1970s, of the 1852 form below.

(astronomy, astrology) The asteroid 4 Vesta.


Note: there is no dedicated Unicode character for the astronomical symbol for a star. Publishers make different choices.

The notation M_∗ indicates the mass of a particular star; it is not a unit of measurement.


(astronomy, obsolete, rare) asteroid (20) Massalia

(astronomy, text variant only, obsolete) a variant of the symbol for asteroid (5) Astraea


Venus in opposition to Jupiter


☉ or ✶'s app[arent] alt[itude]

1803, Robert Patterson, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, volume 40 (in English), Princeton University Press, published 2013, page 72:

The notation M_✶ indicates the mass of a particular star; it is not a unit of measurement.


Alpha Canis Majoris

Ancient Greek α (a, “alpha”) + Canis Majoris. From Latin canis (“dog”)+maior (“big”).

compound

Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">α</i> (a, “alpha”)

α CMa (alternative)
α Canis Majoris (alternative)

(astronomy) Bayer designation of the star Sirius, as the brightest star of the constellation Canis Major; now recognized as a binary star system.


Beta Canis Majoris

β CMa (alternative)
β Canis Majoris (alternative)

(astronomy) The Bayer designation of the fourth-brightest star in the constellation Canis Major.


Canis Majoris

From Latin Canis Majoris, the genitive case of Canis Major (“the Greater Dog”).

(astronomy) Used in the Bayer designations of the stars of the constellation Canis Major.


Herculis

(astronomy) variant of Hercules used when naming stars, such as α Herculis.


A serpent twined around a staff. Perhaps representing a guinea worm being wound out of a patient on a stick. Possibly related to the biblical account of the nehushtan.

(astronomy, dated) An old symbol for asteroid 10 Hygiea; originally rendered with a star at the top: (🝹)


Gliese

German Gliese. Named for German astronomer Wilhelm Gliese

(astronomy) an asteroid in Asteroid Belt, Solar System

(astronomy) The Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars


ϖ

ϖ


And

(astronomy) IAU-designated abbreviation of Latin Andromedae (the genitive form of the constellation Andromeda), as used in a star's Bayer designation


Mpc/h

(astronomy) An indeterminate unit of distance between 4/3 Mpc and 2 Mpc. The h is a parameter in the closed interval [0.5, 0.75] and reflects an uncertainty in the Hubble constant. For example, in a universe where the Hubble constant is 70,(km)/(sMpc), h is 0.7. Similarly, a Hubble constant of 50,(km)/(sMpc) would lead to a value for h of 0.5.


Gpc/h

(astronomy) An indeterminate unit of distance between 4/3 Gpc and 2 Gpc. The h is a parameter in the closed interval [0.5, 0.75] and reflects an uncertainty in the Hubble constant.


Rhadamanthus

New Latin, from Ancient Greek Ῥαδάμανθυς (Rhadámanthus, “a son of Zeus and Europa, one of the three judges of the dead”) The name is pre-Greek, of unknown meaning, possibly of Phoenician origin.

der

(astronomy) A planetoid and cubewano orbiting in the Kuiper belt.


Actaea

The nereid Actaea, Ἁκταία, from Ancient Greek ἁκτή (haktḗ, “coast, shore”) + -a

(astronomy) The moon of the possible dwarf planet Salacia.


(astronomy, obsolete) 19th-century typographic variant of ⟨⚴⟩, the symbol for asteroid (2) Pallas


A solar disk with a single ray; simplified from a disk with a halo of rays

(astronomy, astrology, archaic) Classical and Byzantine Era symbol for the Sun


nomen conservandum

head

nomen conservandum (plural nomina conservanda)

From Latin nomen conservandum, literally "name to be conserved".

(taxonomy, astronomy, geology) A scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection.


(astronomy) The symbol for the constellation Ophiuchus.


Fe/H

Represents the ratio of iron to hydrogen


Cas

(astronomy) abbreviation of Cassiopeiae (genitive)


α CMa

Alpha Canis Majoris
Alpha Canis Majoris#Translingual

(astronomy) abbreviation of Alpha Canis Majoris


CMa

Canis Majoris
Canis Majoris#Translingual

(astronomy) abbreviation of Canis Majoris, used in the names of the stars of the constellation Canis Major


β CMa

Beta Canis Majoris
Beta Canis Majoris#Translingual

(astronomy) abbreviation of Beta Canis Majoris


Her

(astronomy) abbreviation of Herculis (genitive)


Sanner

* (asteroid): From English Sanner. Named after American astronomy author Glen Sanner

named-after

(astronomy) an asteroid in Main Belt, Solar System


⑨

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 9 Metis.


Sgr

(astronomy) Sagittarius, the modern IAU constellation


Sgr

(astronomy) Sagittarii, the genitive form of the IAU constellation Sagittarius


Lal.

(astronomy) abbreviation of Lalande, abbreviated prefix for stars under Lalande designations


CTA

(astronomy) Initialism of Caltech Survey of Radio Sources, Part "A".


Laniakea

From English Laniakea, from Hawaiian lani+ākea.

(astronomy) Laniakea: a galaxy supercluster in local Universe; The supercluster containing the Earth.


Clarke Montes

Clarke Montes. Named in honour of scientist and author Sir Arthur C. Clarke.

(astronomy, geology, Charon) A mountain on Charon, the moon or binary companion of the dwarf planet Pluto


Butler Mons

Butler Mons. Named in honour of science fiction author Octavia E. Butler.


Kubrick Mons

Kubrick Mons. Named in honour of film director Stanley Kubrick, who directed the iconic epic 2001: A Space Odyssey.

2001: A Space Odyssey
en:Stanley Kubrick


Argo Chasma

Argo Chasma. Named after the mythological Greek ship Argo, from the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.

(astronomy, geology, Charon) A canyon on Charon, the moon or binary companion of the dwarf planet Pluto


Caleuche Chasma

Caleuche Chasma. Named after the legendary ghost ship Caleuche of Chiloé Island.


Mandjet Chasma

Mandjet + chasma, from Egyptian mꜥnḏt (“the boat of the Sun that carries the Sun God, Ra (Re), across the sky each day”).


Ysolo Mons

Ysolo + mons. Erroneously named after an internet hoax (a fake Albanian eggplant festival) which fooled the astronomers looking for names of festivals, following the naming directive to name features on Ceres after world festivals.

(geology, astronomy, obsolete) former name of Yamor Mons (2015–2017): A mountain on Ceres, a dwarf planet found in the Main Asteroid Belt


Liberalia Mons

Liberalia + mons. Named in after Liberalia, the Ancient Roman festival honouring the vine deities Liber and Libera.

(geology, astronomy) A mountain on Ceres, a dwarf planet found in the Main Asteroid Belt

en:Liber
en:Libera (mythology)
en:Liberalia


Ahuna Mons

Ahuna + mons. Named in after Ahuna, the harvest festival of the Sumi tribe from northeast India.

(geology, astronomy) A mountain on Ceres, a dwarf planet found in the Main Asteroid Belt. It is the tallest mountain on Ceres.


Ysolo

(geography, geology, astronomy, obsolete) ellipsis of Ysolo Mons former name of Yamor Mons


Nix Olympica

Coined by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1879, who first observed the surface feature, from Latin nix (“snow”) and olympicus (“Olympic”), meaning “Olympic Snow, Snow of Olympus”, from the feature appearing whitish against the generally reddish planet.

coin

Der größte Krater war der Nix Olympica: viermal so hoch wie der Kilimandscharo, hatte er einen Durchmesser von achthundert Kilometern.

1978, “Erbe des Tba”, in Perry Rhodan, number 881 (quotation in German; overall work in German):

Der Riesenvulkan Nix Olympica auf Mars wurde erst von Mariner 9 als solcher erkannt. […] Das auf dem Ausschnitt gekennzeichnete Telebild zeigt einen Teil des sehr rauhen Abhangs von Nix Olympica, hier ist ein Gebiet von 43 × 55 km erfaßt.

1984, Wolfgang Engelhardt, Planeten Monde Ringsysteme: Kamerasonden erforschen unser Sonnensystem (quotation in German; overall work in German), page 129:

[…] Nix Olympica had been known to Earth-bound astronomers since Schiaparelli in 1879. […] The improved coverage of Nix Olympica by Mariner 7 showed a concentric ring-like surface structure. By the time Mariner 9 approached Mars, Nix Olympica had already been reinterpreted as a gigantic impact crater […]

2004, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Mars - A Warmer, Wetter Planet (quotation in English; overall work in English), page 48:

(planetology, astronomy, historical) former name of Olympus Mons (19th c. — 20th c.) (an albedo feature on the planet Mars, now known to be the tallest mountain, but without a snowcap)


☉ or ⚹'s app[arent] alt[itude]


Pōwehi

From Hawaiian Pōwehi, from pōwehi, the generative darkness of creation, from the Hawaiian creation chant Kumulipo. From pō (“unfathomable ceaseless powerful creation”) + wehi (“honorific for crowned nobles”). The Hawaiian name was chosen by Jessica Dempsey (James Clerk Maxwell Telescope observatory deputy director), Hawaiian language linguist Larry Kimura, and Geoffrey C. Bower (chief scientist of Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics division of Hawai’i).

“UH Hilo professor names black hole capturing world's attention”, in University of Hawaiʻi News, 2019 April 10, retrieved 2020-03-19: “In April 2017, a groundbreaking observational campaign brought together eight telescopes at six locations around the globe to capture an image of Pōwehi, a supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy.”

“Maunakea telescopes win the 'Oscars of Science' for Pōwehi”, in University of Hawaiʻi News, 2019 September 6, retrieved 2020-03-19: “Working together as one ʻohana was critical to our success in capturing the image of Pōwehi.”

2020, Jessica T. Dempsey, "The Event Horizon Telescope: the impact of an image and finding Pōwehi", in Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VIII

The most important thing that we have learned is that the shadow of Pōwehi is always there. That means it is real and is caused by the light bending from the black hole. […] The wobble tells us about how gas is flowing around the black hole, varying like clouds in the sky or waves on the ocean. What's next is to use our improved array and make images over years to come and learn from those changes to answer questions like, 'How does Pōwehi feed itself?'

“Pōwehi: New research captures a decade of movement”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, 2020 September 23, retrieved 2020-03-19

(astronomy) M87* (“Messier 87*”), the central supermassive blackhole of the galaxy Messier 87.


A proposed alchemical symbol for platinum, derived from the symbols for the planetary metals gold ⟨☉⟩ and iron ⟨♂⟩, as platinum (previously known as 'white gold') was often found mixed with iron. This symbol for the newly discovered metal platinum was created in order to have a symbol to apply to the newly discovered planet Uranus.


(astronomy, alchemy): The four quarters of the world, divided by the four rivers out of Eden and surrounded by the Ocean Sea. Later interpreted as a globe with equator and line meridian.
(meteorology): A sun cross

units of measurement: M_🜨 Earth mass; R_🜨 Earth radius


Pluto's bident, stylized like Neptune's trident and surmounted by a globe or cap. Popularized by Paul Clancy, founder in 1933 of American Astrology magazine.

(astronomy, rare) Pluto as a dwarf planet.


Created by Denis Moskowitz from the Canadian syllabics letters ⟨ᓴ⟩ sa and ⟨ᓐ⟩ n, from the modern Inuktitut form of Sedna, ᓴᓐᓇ Sanna. Intended to visually suggest a seal leaping from the water.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Sedna.


Created by Denis Moskowitz from the "five-fingered hand" symbol ⟨⟩ of the goddess Eris, a symbol found in modern Discordianism. Moskowitz rotated the hand symbol upright like the related Discordian POEE symbol ⟨⟩, and added a cross-bar, ⟨[Alt: Э]⟩, so that it would resemble a double lunate letter epsilon, the initial letter of 'Eris'. However, the Discordian community objected that this produced a "seven-fingered hand," and in response he removed the cross-bar.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Eris.


Dziewanna

(astronomy) A planetoid orbiting in the scattered disc.


Lempo

From Finnish Lempo (the pagan god of love equated with the Christian devil).

(astronomy) A binary planetoid and a plutino orbiting in the Kuiper belt. Its binary components, Lempo and Hiisi, are orbited by the moon Paha.


Varda

Queen of the Valar, who kindled the first stars in J. R. R. Tolkien's Elvish legendarium.

trans-Neptunian object
trans-Neptunian object

(astronomy) A distant trans-Neptunian object and planetoid, once thought to be a possible dwarf planet. Its moon is Ilmarë.


Ilmarë

Chief of the Maiar in J. R. R. Tolkien's Elvish legendarium, and handmaiden to Varda.

(astronomy) The moon of the distant planetoid Varda.


(astronomy): A lunar crescent and the globe of Pluto's symbol ⟨⯓⟩, visually suggesting Pluto and its moon, and iconically suggesting Charon's boat and the coin needed for passage

(astronomy, rare) Pluto's moon Charon, a dwarf planet in some classifications.


A globe surmounted by the letters LV, the initials of Le Verrier, the discoverer of Neptune – analogous to ⟨♅⟩ for Uranus ('planet Herschel')


Created by Denis Moskowitz from stylized Hawaiian petroglyphs for women and childbirth, representing the Hawaiian fertility and creation goddess Haumea. It faintly recalls the initial letter 'H'.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Haumea.


Created by Denis Moskowitz from the large-eyed and phallic-nosed petroglyphs of the Rapa Nui creation god Makemake that are found scattered on Easter Island. It faintly recalls the initial letter 'M'.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Makemake.


Created by Denis Moskowitz as an OR monogram, stylized to resemble the gape of Orcus's skull or of an orca (a homophonic connection to Orcas Island, which influenced the choice of the name of the dwarf planet).

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Orcus.


Created by Denis Moskowitz as the initial letter Q of the Tongva creator god 'Quaoar', with the tail stylized to resemble a canoe and with the bowl later made angular to resemble Tongva rock art.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Quaoar.


Created by Denis Moskowitz from the initial character ⟨共⟩ of the Chinese name 共工 (Gònggōng), with the bottom strokes replaced by the serpentine body of the Chinese demon/deity Gonggong.

(astronomy, astrology) The dwarf planet Gonggong.


(astronomy, geography, rare) the symbol ⟨🜨⟩ (Earth), rotated to represent the four continents of the 16th century (Europe to the north, Asia to the east, Africa to the south, and America to the west). Cf. T-and-O map ⟨🜗⟩ for the original three continents.


'moon in conjunction with Jupiter'

'moon occults Jupiter'

'Moon occults Sun' (i.e. solar eclipse, commonly abbreviated )

(astronomy, astrology) symbol for occultation, most commonly a solar eclipse.


'moon in opposition to the Sun' (full moon)

'moon shadowed from the Sun' (i.e. lunar eclipse, commonly abbreviated )

Ⅰ 'Io in Jupiter's shadow'

(astronomy, astrology) symbol for a lunar eclipse, or, more generally (but rarely), for any celestial body found in the shadow of another, such as the timing of Io entering Jupiter's shadow, used by Rømer to calculate the speed of light.


For Astraea, this is an inverted anchor, 🝸, presumably a typographic substitute for the mythologically associated set of scales, and dates to 1849.
It's not known if the Pluto symbol is related. It has been in use since at least 1950 without an orb and 1969 with an orb.

(astronomy, obsolete) asteroid (5) Astraea.


(alchemy): a fusion of ⟨♁⟩ antimony and ⟨🜹⟩ or ⟨⚹⟩ sal-ammoniac
:(astronomy): combination of a star and an orb. May be a six-point star.

(rare, astronomy) generic symbol for asteroid (cf. ⟨🜢⟩ planetoid)


③

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 3 Juno.


②

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 2 Pallas.


①

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 1 Ceres.


④

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 4 Vesta.


⑩

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 10 Hygiea.


⑤

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 5 Astraea.


⑥

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 6 Hebe.


⑦

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 7 Iris.


⑧

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 8 Flora.


⑪

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 11 Parthenope.


⑫

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 12 Victoria.


⑬

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 13 Egeria.


⑭

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 14 Irene.


⑮

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 15 Eunomia.


⑯

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 16 Psyche.


⑰

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 17 Thetis.


⑱

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 18 Melpomene.


⑲

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 19 Fortuna.


⑳

(astronomy, no fill) The asteroid 20 Massalia.


Kappa Velorum

Ancient Greek κάππα (káppa) + Velorum, as per binomial nomenclature

com

Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κάππα</i> (káppa)

(astronomy) Markab, a certain binary star.


M🜨

For Saturn, […] the total mass of heavy elements is between 13 and 28 M'''_🜨.

Jupiter formation required a core mass of ∼ 21 M_🜨.

(astronomy) Earth mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of planet Earth, which is 6×10²⁴ kg or 3×10⁻⁶ M_☉.


M♁

*M (mass) and subindex ♁ (Earth). The use of ⟨M_♁⟩ rather than ⟨M_🜨⟩ seems particularly common in German-language texts.

The dynamically cold planetesimal disk was 35 M_♁, with an inner edge at 15.5 AU and an outer edge at 34 AU.


From English Strottner-Drechsler-Sainty Object 1, from Strottner+Drechsler+Sainty+object+1. From French Strottner+Sainty and German Drechsler; French and German astrophotographers Marcel Drechsler, Yann Sainty, Xavier Strottner; the names of the discoverers of the celestial object.

der

SDSO 1 (alternative)
SDS 1 (alternative)

Andromeda Galaxy
Andromeda Galaxy#English

(astronomy, initialism) a nebula in Andromeda constellation A gas cloud composed of seemingly just oxygen, shining in O_(III) emission radiation, located next to the Andromeda Galaxy on the dome of the sky. The first such extrasolar oxygen cloud discovered.


M☉

the maximum mass each pulsar can have is only 0.08 M'''_☉.

(astronomy) Solar mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of the Sun, which is 2×10³⁰ kg or 333,000 M_🜨.


L☉

A typical large galaxy at z < 0.1 has a luminosity of about 10¹⁰ L_☉.

(astronomy) solar luminosity: a unit of measurement, equal to the luminosity of the Sun.


R☉

The inner edge of the [circumbinary] disc is at 317 R_☉, well outside the inner binary orbit.

(astronomy) solar radius: a unit of distance, equal to the radius of the Sun: 7×10⁸ m or 110 R_🜨.


S☉

(astronomy) solar constant: a unit of measurement, equal to the amount of solar radiation per unit area at Earth


R🜨

*R (radius) and subindex 🜨 (planet Earth).

the transition radius of 2.6 R'''_🜨 between water worlds and planets with gaseous envelopes

(astronomy) Earth radius: a unit of distance, equal to the radius of the Earth, or 6370 km.


ALMANACK FOR NOVEMBER, 1887. 1 T[uesday] 🌞 rises 6.55 a.m.

1887 November, The Leisure Hour (in English), London: Religious Tract Society, title page:


ʻOumuamua

Oumuamua (alternative)
'Oumuamua (alternative)

(astronomy) 1I/2017 U1, the first discovered interstellar asteroid to transit the Solar System


Ho'oleilana

(astronomy, cosmology) Ho'oleilana: a structure in local Universe


(astronomy, obsolete) The asteroid 8 Flora.


(astronomy, stellar classification) A spectral class of stars comprising bluish-white giant stars with very strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines (Morgan–Keenan spectral standard: Thuban).


(astronomy, text style, rare) planetary rings.


R♃

(astronomy) Jovian radius: a unit of measurement, equal to the radius of Jupiter.


M♃

(astronomy) Jovian mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of Jupiter.


R☾

(astronomy) Lunar radius: a unit of measurement, equal to the radius of the Moon.


M☾

(astronomy) Lunar mass: a unit of measurement, equal to the mass of the Moon.


Leleākūhonua

Coined from Hawaiian lele (“fly”) + ā (“until”) + kū (“stand, appear”) + honua (“earth, land”), comparing its orbit to the migration of seabirds and evoke a yearning to return to land / Earth.

(astronomy) (541132) Leleākūhonua, a distant sednoid in the outer reaches of the Solar System


Pōniuāʻena

Coined from Hawaiian pōniu (“spin, whirl”) + ā (“until”) + ʻena (“red-hot, glowing”), evoking the unseen spinning source of creation, surrounded by brilliance.

Poniuaena (alternative)
Poniua'ena (alternative)

(astronomy) J1007+2115, a quasar, the most distant known when discovered, with a redshift 7.515 and a central black hole of 1.5 billion solar masses.


Kamoʻoalewa

Coined from Hawaiian ka (“the”) + moʻo (“fragment”) + a (“of”) + lewa (“to jump, to oscillate”), referring to a fragmentary object that oscillates in the sky from the perspective of Earth.

Kamooalewa (alternative)
Kamo'oalewa (alternative)

(astronomy) 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, a small Apollo asteroid and quasi-satellite of Earth. It may be an impact fragment from the Moon.


Kaʻepaokaʻāwela

[kəˌʔɛ.pə.oˌkɐ.ʔaːˈʋɛ.lə]

Coined from Hawaiian ka (“the”) + ʻepa (“tricky, mischievous”) + o (“of”) + Kaʻāwela (“Jupiter”), referring to its contrary orbit with Jupiter.

Kaʻepaokaʻawela (alternative)
Kaepaokaawela (alternative)
Ka'epaoka'awela (alternative)

(astronomy) 514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela, a retrograde Trojan asteroid of Jupiter, the first such known.