Escherichia coli

From Escherichia + Latin colī, genitive of colon, from Ancient Greek κόλον (kólon, “colon”).

Escherichia coli is an awkward name, but international agreement compels one to accept it in place of the old familiar title Bacterium coli.

1956, W. H. Ewing et al., Studies on the serology of the Escherichia coli group:

A taxonomic species within the family Enterobacteriaceae – one of the common gut flora or intestinal flora in mammals, with many identified strains, some of which are pathogenic.


Eubacteria

(obsolete) Formerly a taxonomic subkingdom, within kingdom Bacteria, now considered synonym of Bacteria.


Monera

Ancient Greek μονήρης (monḗrēs, “single, solitary”)

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(historical) A former taxonomic kingdom, within domain Prokaryota - bacteria, blue-green algae and archebacteria,


Cyanobacteria

The only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – (formerly within subkingdom Eubacteria) blue-green algae.


Bacteria

From Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”).

(in the three-domain system) A taxonomic domain comprising the single kingdom also called Bacteria, containing about 25 phyla.


Actinobacteria

Acidimicrobiales

(class): Actinobacteridae, Acidimicrobidae, Coriobacteridae, Rubrobacteridae, Sphaerobacteridae - subclasses

A taxonomic phylum within the subkingdom Posibacteria – now Actinomycetota in Bacteria.

A taxonomic class within the phylum Actinomycetota – now Actinomycetes.


Thermus aquaticus

A taxonomic species within the family Thermaceae – a hyperthermophilic bacterium native to the geysers of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming; a source of heat-stable DNA polymerase.


Proteobacteria

proteo- (“after Proteus (“a sea god who could change his shape at will”)”) + bacteria - proposed in 1988, Stackebrandt (E.), Murray (R.G.E.) and Trüper (H.G.) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 321-325

prefix

after <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">Proteus</i> (“a sea god who could change his shape at will”)

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – proteobacteria.


Spirochaetes

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria.


Chlamydiae

Bacteria which are all intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – now Chlamydiota.

A taxonomic class within the phylum Chlamydiota.


Aquificae

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – bacteria that live in hot springs and thermal ocean vents etc., now Aquificota.


Bacteroidetes

Plural of Bacteroides , following Ancient Greek model

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – now Bacteriodota.


Bacilli

A taxonomic class within the phylum Bacillota – aerobic rod-shaped bacteria.


Firmicutes

From Latin firmus (“strong”) + cutis (“skin”).

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – very many bacteria, mostly Gram-positive, now superseded by Bacillota.


Escherichia

German Escherich + -ia (taxonomic suffix). Named after German-Austrian paediatrician Theodor Escherich.

affix

German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Escherich</i>

named-after

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae – certain gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that inhabit of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals and provide vitamin K for their host.


Enterobacterales

A taxonomic order within the class Gammaproteobacteria – enterobacteria.


Salmonella

→ English: salmonella

Named after American veterinary surgeon Daniel Elmer Salmon (1850–1914) + -ella (taxonomic suffix).

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae – the salmonella bacteria.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium


Enterobacteriaceae

New Latin, from English enterobacterium + -aceae.

A taxonomic family within the order Enterobacterales – many gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria including many pathogens.


Shigella

Named after Japanese bacteriologist Kiyoshi Shiga + -ella (taxonomic suffix).

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae – certain gram-negative bacteria, some of which can invade the colon and trigger the form of dysentery called shigellosis.


Chlorobi

green sulfur bacteria
green sulfur bacteria

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – green sulfur bacteria, now Chlorobiota.


Dictyoglomi

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – thermophilic extremophile bacteria.


Deinococcus-Thermus

From the genera Deinococcus and Thermus.

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – extremophile bacteria that are resistant to ionizing radiation etc.


Gemmatimonadetes

New Latin, plural of Gemmatimonas based on Ancient Greek model

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – a Gram-negative aerobic polyphosphate-accumulating microbe.


Fusobacteria

Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria found in the gut:

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria.


Fibrobacteres

New Latin plural of Fibrobacter based on Ancient Greek model

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria – bacteria that break down cellulose in ruminant animals.


Clostridium

New Latin, from Ancient Greek κλωστήρ (klōstḗr, “spindle”) + -idium (taxonomic suffix).

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A taxonomic genus within the family Clostridiaceae – clostridium bacteria, including such human pathogens as the agents of botulism and tetanus.


Archaebacteria

From Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos, “ancient”) + bacteria, from βακτηρία (baktēría, “rod, staff”).

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(obsolete) A taxonomic subkingdom within the kingdom Bacteria.


Wolbachia

From the family name Wolbach, via Simeon Burt Wolbach, who co-discovered the bacterium in 1924, + -ia
Wikispecies

A taxonomic genus within the family Rickettsiaceae – inherited bacterium which infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of all insects.


Listeriaceae

A taxonomic family within the order Bacillales – several Gram-positive bacteria.


Listeria

Named after British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827–1912) + -ia (taxonomic suffix).

named-after

A taxonomic genus within the family Listeriaceae – the listeria bacteria, some species of which cause listeriosis.


Streptomyces fradiae

A taxonomic species within the family Streptomycetaceae – a bacteria which is the origin of antibiotics such as neomycin and urdamycin.


Bifidobacterium

New Latin, from Latin bifidus (“divided into two parts”) + bacterium

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A taxonomic genus within the family Bifidobacteriaceae – Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria, among the gut flora.


Streptococcaceae

A taxonomic family within the order Lactobacillales – streptococcus and related bacteria.


Prokarya

From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “early”) + κάρυον (káruon, “nucleus”, literally “kernel”).

(obsolete) The Prokaryota, a taxonomic domain.


Lactococcus

A taxonomic genus within the family Streptococcaceae.


Lactococcus lactis

A taxonomic species within the family Streptococcaceae – a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese.


Lactobacillus

A taxonomic genus within the family Lactobacillaceae – gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic rod-shaped bacteria.


Bacteroides

New Latin, from Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría, “staff, cane”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

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A taxonomic genus within the family Bacteroidaceae – gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that have rounded ends, produce no endospores and no pigment, and that occur usually in the normal intestinal flora.


Yersinia

Named after French physician and bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin (1863–1943) for the bacteria; named after Swiss entomologist Alexander Yersin (1825–1863) for the mantis.

named-after

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae – certain bacteria hosted especially by rodents, some pathogenic to humans.


Mycobacterium

→ English: mycobacterium

New Latin, from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”) + βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff, small cane”).

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A taxonomic genus within the family Mycobacteriaceae – certain rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria, that cause diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy.


Klebsiella

Named after German-Swiss microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913) + -ella (taxonomic suffix).

named-after

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae – certain gram-negative oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, some of which cause disease in humans.


Gammaproteobacteria

gamma + Proteobacteria (“syn. of Pseudomonadota”)

compound

A taxonomic class within the phylum Pseudomonadota.


Mycobacterium leprae

A taxonomic species within the family Mycobacteriaceae – the bacteria that causes leprosy, the first human-disease-causing bacterium to be identified.


Staphylococcus aureus

[s̠t̪äpʰʏɫ̪ɔˈkɔkːʊs̠ ˈäu̯reʊs̠]

New Latin Staphylococcus, Latin aureus (“golden”), for the characteristic golden color imparted by its carotenoid pigment staphyloxanthin.

A taxonomic species within the family Staphylococcaceae – a relatively common bacterium which is sometimes pathogenic. In humans it is a common cause of infections and food poisoning.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa

/sjuːdəʊˈmɒnəs iːɹəd͡ʒəˈnəʊsə/

A taxonomic species within the family Pseudomonadaceae – a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans.


Haemophilus

New Latin, from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + φίλος (phílos, “beloved, dear”).

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A taxonomic genus within the family Pasteurellaceae – nonmotile, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that include several important pathogens.


Negibacteria

A taxonomic subkingdom within the kingdom Bacteria – gram-negative bacteria, probably paraphyletic.


Salmonella Typhi

A taxonomic serovar within the family Enterobacteriaceae – Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Typhi, the agent of typhoid fever.


Actinomyces

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray, beam”) + μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom or other fungus”).

A taxonomic genus within the family Actinomycetaceae – filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria that includes usually commensal and sometimes pathogenic forms inhabiting mucosal surfaces especially of the oral cavity of warm-blooded vertebrates.


Bordetella

Named after Belgian immunologist and microbiologist Jules Bordet (1870–1961) + -ella (taxonomic suffix).

named-after

Bacteria that cause diseases of the respiratory tract characterized by coughing, such as kennel cough and whooping cough:

A taxonomic genus within the family Burkholderiaceae.

A taxonomic genus within the family Alcaligenaceae.


Listeria monocytogenes

A taxonomic species within the family Listeriaceae – a common pathogen found in food products.

For some of the many serotypes and cataloged strains see Listeria monocytogenes at National Center for Biotechnology Information


Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A taxonomic species within the family Mycobacteriaceae – the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.


Bacillaceae

A taxonomic family within the order Bacillales.


Scytonema

Ancient Greek [Term?] (“skin”) + [Term?] (“thread”)

A taxonomic genus within the family Scytonemataceae – photosynthetic cyanobacteria, some of which are a component of lichens.


Gloeobacter

A taxonomic genus within the family Gloeobacteraceae.


Kluyvera

Kluyver + -a, after Dutch microbiologist Albert Kluyver

A taxonomic genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae.


Neomura

neo- + murus (“wall”) + -a (“indicating a neuter plural”)

A taxonomic clade within the clade Eubacteria – eukaryotes and archaebacteria, having N-linked glycoprotein coats or cell walls, in contrast with the murein peptidoglycan walls in eubacteria.


Vibrionaceae

A taxonomic family within the order Vibrionales.


Micromonosporaceae

(bacteriology) A taxonomic family within the order Micromonosporales.


Micromonosporales

From Micromonospora + -ales (taxonomic suffix).

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(bacteriology) A taxonomic order within the class Actinobacteria.


Micromonospora

From micro- + mono- + Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed, offspring”).

(bacteriology) A taxonomic genus within the family Micromonosporaceae – actinomycetes that have well-developed, branching, septate mycelia bearing single spores that are sessile or on short or long sporophores and that include several antibiotic-producing forms (as Micromonospora echinospora, the source of gentamicin).


Gloeocapsa

A taxonomic genus within the family Chroococcaceae – certain cyanobacteria.


Desulfovibrio magneticus

Desulfovibrio (genus name) + Latin magneticus (magnetic)

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Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">magneticus</i> (magnetic)

A taxonomic species within the family Desulfovibrionaceae – a certain sulfate-reducing bacterium.


Streptomyces clavuligerus

⇒ English: clavulanic acid, clavulanic

From Streptomyces and Latin clāvuligerus (“bearing a little stick”), referring to the spore-bearing hyphae of the bacterium.

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(bacteriology) A taxonomic species within the family Streptomycetaceae – a gram-positive bacterium by which clavulanic acid is produced.


Alistipes

From New Latin alistipes, from alius (“other”) + stīpes (“log, post”).

A taxonomic genus within the family Rikenellaceae – Gram-negative, rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria.


Iodidimonas

New Latin iōdidum (“iodide”) + Ancient Greek μονᾰ́ς f (monás, “unit”)

A taxonomic genus within the family Iodidimonadaceae – bacteria that oxidize iodide (I⁻) to iodine (I₂).


Named after Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, the lengthened name of a large village on the island of Anglesey, Wales.

A taxonomic species within the family Myxococcaceae – a gram-negative, rod-shaped species of myxobacteria.


Glycomyces

From glyco- (“sugar;” “glucose”) + -myces (“fungi”). Note that this is a genus of bacteria, not fungi.

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A taxonomic genus within the family Glycomycetaceae – certain bacteria.


Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

From Corynebacterium + English pseudotuberculosis.

A taxonomic species within the family Corynebacteriaceae – a species of Gram-positive bacterium that infects ruminants and horses.


Mooreia

A taxonomic genus within the family Mooreiaceae – certain cytophagous bacteria.


Geothermobacter

geo- (“Earth, ground”) + thermo- (“heat”) + -bacter (“bacteri(um/a)”). The two prefixes may be combined in reference to geothermality or geothermy, the state of being geothermal.

A taxonomic genus within the family Geothermobacteraceae – certain thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.


Cardiobacteriales

A taxonomic order within the class Gammaproteobacteria – certain gammaproteobacteria; Cardiobacterium and related taxa.


Pseudomonadota

A taxonomic phylum within the kingdom Bacteria.

Epsilonproteobacteria

class; possibly phylum Campylobaceriota, based on recent analysis


Actinomycetota

A taxonomic phylum within the superregnum Bacteria.