ate

Probably from Proto-Tocharian *āté, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”) or *h₂éti (“away, back, again”).

der

at (alternative)
attai (alternative)
āte (alternative)


ñu

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *nu. Cognate with Latin nunc, Ancient Greek νῦν (nûn), Proto-Slavic *nyně.


ot

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-h₂o, adverbial compound of *h₂et- (“but, yet”), cognate with Sanskrit अथ (atha, “but, then”) and more distantly with Latin at (“but”), etc. Also possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *uth₂ (“so, then”).

then (both meaning "at that time" and "therefore")


ecce

From Proto-Tocharian *ecye (whence also Tocharian A aci), of further unknown origin.


otak

From ot (“then”) + the intensifying suffix -k(ä).


lau

You are going to break your vow.

ṣañ wrat lau tärkanacer You are going to let your vow away. (literally)


ette

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰér, whence also Tocharian A āñc. Cognate with English under, Latin īnferus, and Sanskrit अधर (adhara), all of the same meaning.


tane

kᵤse tne cmīträ mā srūkoy


nekcīye

From Proto-Tocharian *nekʷcäwyā, from Proto-Indo-European *nokʷt-ew-yo-s, a derivative of *nókʷts. Cognate with Tocharian A nakcu.


māka

From Proto-Tocharian *mākā, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (whence Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), compare also Sanskrit मह (mahá), Persian مه, Latin magnus, Albanian madh (“large”)). Compare Tocharian A māk.


parwe

From Proto-Tocharian *pä́rwë, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-wó-s (compare Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (paᵘruua), Old Church Slavonic прьвъ (prĭvŭ), Albanian parë), from *preh₂- (“before, in front of”). Compare Tocharian A pärwat.


omp

, omtek (“here, there”)


eneṅka

From eneṃ (“inside, within”) + the emphasizing particle ka.

within, surrounded by, amid, among, within


akarte

Possibly related to Lithuanian greta (“nearby”). Likely formed using ā- + [Term?] + near.


akek

From āke (“end”) + the strengthening particle k(ä).


akṣnai

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अक्ष्णया (akṣṇayā).


attsaik

From Proto-Tocharian *ātts- + the strengthening particle *-k-. Compare Tocharian A āttsek.


anāṣkare

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + aṣkār (“backwards”).


anaiśai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + aisai, the verbal noun form of aik- (“to know”).


antapi

From Proto-Tocharian *āntäp(ä)i, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥tbʰóy(h₁) (“both”, neuter dual); cognate with Tocharian A āmpi and Latin ambō. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi, if both contain Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, front”).


kästwer

Uncertain. Possibly a form of käs- (“to extinguish, be extinguished”).


apākri

A formation with pāk-, possibly the intensive prefix e(n)- + pāk-.


oṃṣap

Probably a compound of oṃṣ (“above”) and ṣap (“more, and”).


amāskai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + māsk- (“to be difficult”).


amplākätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + plāk- (“to please”), literally "unpleasing".


aṣkār

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + an unattested *ṣkār. Compare Tocharian A ṣkārā. Other cognates are unknown.

backwards, in the opposite direction, reverse


aswāre

From the privative prefix e(n)- + swāre (“sweet, tender”).


ām

Unknown. Possibly from Middle Persian hm.


istak

Either from the accusative form of yast (“precipice”) + the strengthening particle -kä, or from yn- ("in") + -stā- (“stand”) + -kä. For the latter, compare English instant, of similar derivation and construction.


āläm

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other”). Compare allek (“other”).


ālo

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other”). Probably from the same form in PIE as āläm. Compare also allek (“other”).


eṃṣke

From Proto-Tocharian *enṣäke. From there, uncertain. Possibly a construct of *e(n)- + a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *segʰ- (“to hold”). Compare Tocharian A eṣäk.


ekalymi

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + kalymi (“direction”).

in the power of, subjected to, dependent upon


eṅkaucar

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + + kauc (“high”) +-ār.


eñwetstse

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + ñu (“new”) + -tstse.


āmāskai

Alternative form of amāskai (“difficultly, with difficulty”)


āttsaik

Alternative form of attsaik (“completely, only, indeed, for sure, even”)


akartte

Alternative form of akarte (“near, nearby”)


ānaśai

Alternative form of anaiśai (“carefully, clearly”)


ātmaṃttse

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman, “self, soul”), which is cognate with āñme, of the same meaning.


ololyesa

A form of olya (“more”), possibly through reduplication.


päst

used with verbs to give them a perfectivizing force


elauke

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + lauke (“id”).


eweta

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + weta (“conflict, struggle”).

(with comitative case) in conflict, at strife with


eśatkai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + the accusative form of *śätkā, nominalization of kätk- (“to pass over”).


olya

more, rather than; id; more, very; more, very; incomparable

olyapoolpo ()olyapo-tsek ()olyapotstse ()snai-olyapo ()


omte

, omp (“there”)


kästuwer

Alternative form of kästwer (“at night”)


aṅkānmi

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + a root probably related to Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moy-, making it cognate with Latin communis and German gemein, both meaning "common".


keᵤc

Alternative form of kauc (“above, upwards”)


eplyuwai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + plyuwai (“to float”), from Proto-Indo-European *plew-eh₂-h₁en-, a derivative of *plew- (“id”).


plyuwai

From Proto-Indo-European *plew-eh₂-h₁en-, a derivative of *plew- (“id”), whence also plu- (“to fly”). Cognate with English float, Ancient Greek πλόος (plóos, “voyage”), etc.


enestai

Probably from ene (“in”) + *stāyä (“secret”).


eneṃ

From Proto-Tocharian *ene (whence also Tocharian A ane), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”), the same source as ene (“in”) and e(n)- (intensifying prefix). The exact form is uncertain, but may be from *h₁n̥dó (“into, inside”). If so, cognate with Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon) (whence English endo-), Irish ann (“there”), etc.


enepre

From Proto-Tocharian *enepre (whence also Tocharian A anapär), a compound of *ene (“in”) and *pre (“before”).


enersäṅk

From the negative prefix e(n)- + ersäṅk.


epiṅkte

Unknown. Possibly from the intensive prefix e(n)- + Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to break”).

for (with nouns denoting periods of time, e.g. "for an hour")


emprukṣo

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + *prukṣiye (“neglect”), a form of pruk- (“to leap, escape, neglect”).

directly, without neglect, without detour


erkatse

Uncertain. Possibly from erk (“testicle”). Related to Tocharian A arkäts (“id”).


eṣe

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + ṣe (“one”).


etsarkälle

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + tsärk- (“to burn, torture”).


aiksnar

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + a form of yäks- (“to grasp, enfold”).


aittaṅka

From aittäṃ + the strengthening particle -k(ä).


aittäṃ

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-tw-om, a verbal noun of *h₁ey- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan eituam (“cattle, money”).


omtek

From omte (“there, here”) + the strengthening particle -k(ä).

, omp (“there”)


oltsorsa

Alternative form of aultsorsa (“in short”)


olyapotstse

From olyapo (“more”) + -tstse (of uncertain exact functioning here).


ykāk

ce klautkesa śaul no ykāk mā nanautau

even by such behavior, however, life is not lost