po

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk).


alek

Alternative form of allek (“other, more”)


ette

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰér, whence also Tocharian A āñc. Cognate with English under, Latin īnferus, and Sanskrit अधर (adhara), all of the same meaning.


yok

head

yok (masculine singular accusative yokäṃ, masculine plural nominative yokäñ, feminine singular accusative yokäññai, feminine plural nominative yokäñña)

yokäṃ (accusative masculine singular)
yokäñ (masculine nominative plural)
yokäññai (accusative feminine singular)
yokäñña (feminine nominative plural)

Possibly specialized in meaning from the sense for "hair" > "hair color" > "color"; see Etymology 2 below.


ṣe

From Proto-Tocharian *sems, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm. Compare Tocharian A sas.


ñuwe

From Proto-Tocharian *ñäwe, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. Compare Tocharian A ñu.


erkent

From Proto-Tocharian *erkent (whence also Tocharian A arkant), but from there uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁regʷ- (“to be dark”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos), Old Norse røkkr (“twilight”), etc.) or Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”) (cognate with Latin argentum and semantically akin to English black <> bleach).


astare

From Proto-Tocharian *āstäre, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- (“to burn”). Compare Tocharian A āştär.


ārkwi

From Proto-Tocharian *ārkwi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-. Cognate with Latin argentum. Compare Tocharian A ārki.


māka

From Proto-Tocharian *mākā, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (whence Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), compare also Sanskrit मह (mahá), Persian مه, Latin magnus, Albanian madh (“large”)). Compare Tocharian A māk.


aknātsa

From Proto-Tocharian *āknātsā, from *e(n)- + a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *n̥-ǵneh₃-to-, *n̥-ǵneh₃-tih₂, from *ǵneh₃- (“know”), meaning something like "unknowing". Compare Sanskrit अज्ञात (ájñāta, “unknown”), Latin ignōtus (“unknown; ignorant”), Ancient Greek ἄγνωτος (ágnōtos, “unknown; ignorant”). Compare Tocharian A āknats.


ratre

From Proto-Tocharian *rŭtäre, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰros, whence Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, and English red from a variant form. Ultimately from the root *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Tocharian A rtär.


lankᵤtse

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ln̥gʷʰtyos, from *h₁lengʷʰ-, whence also English light, Latin levis.

trankonta kälpaskenträ länktsana kramartsana


aiyye

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówyos, from *h₂ówis (“sheep”). Compare Sanskrit अव्यय (avyaya, “made of sheep's skin”), Ancient Greek οἶα (oîa, “sheepskin”).


orotstse

orotstse-pācer


allek

From Proto-Tocharian *ālle-kä, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-no-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other”). Cognate with Latin alius, English old. Compare Tocharian A ālak. Related to ālyauce, aletstse, alyiyatstse, and alokälymi.


śrāy

From Proto-Tocharian *śërāw'ë-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵérh₂-u-s ~ *ǵr̥h₂-éw-s, from *ǵerh₂- (“grow old”).


pärkare

From Proto-Tocharian *pärk(ä)re, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥ǵʰ-ro-. Compare Tocharian A pärkär, Hittite 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (parkuš), Old Armenian բարձր (barjr).


aurtstsea

Sometimes connected to Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha, “large, big”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (varədaⁱti, “make larger”), an Indo-Iranian development. Also sometimes thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wérus, whence Sanskrit उरु (uru), Ancient Greek εὐρῠ́ς (eurús).


emalle

From Proto-Tocharian *emälye- (whence also Tocharian A omäl), of uncertain further origin.


empele

→ Tocharian A: empele

From the negative prefix e(n)- + pele (“law”).


ayāto

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + yāto, a form of yāt- (“to be able”).


ārwer

From Proto-Tocharian *ārwer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-. Compare Tocharian A ārwar.


īte

Uncertain. Possibly from yn- (“in”) + wic, the accusative of *wit, from Proto-Tocharian *wjīte.


aikare

From Proto-Tocharian *āikäre (whence also Tocharian A ekär), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from the intensive prefix *e(n)- + *iäkre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eg- (“to lack”). If so, from the same source as yäk- (“to neglect”) and Latin egeo, etc.


krośce

From Proto-Tocharian *kʷroscē (whence also Tocharian A kᵤraś), from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, become hard”). Compare Latin crusta, Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos), etc.


empreṃ

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from an Iranian language.


tseṃ

head

tseṃ (feminine singular tseñña, feminine plural tseññāna)

tseñña (feminine singular)
tseññāna (feminine plural)

quote-book

Bauer, Brigitte L.M.; Pinault, Georges-Jean

2003, Alexander Lubotsky, Sergey Starostin, “Turkic and Chinese loan words in Tocharian”, in Bauer, Brigitte L.M., Pinault, Georges-Jean, editors, Language in Time and Space: A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, pages 257-269:


akṛtajñe

Alternative form of akritātñe (“ungrateful”)


akākatte

From e(n)- (privative prefix) + kāk- (“to invite”) + -tte.


akuśal

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अकुशल (akuśala).


akraupatte

From the e(n)- (privative prefix) + kraup- (“to gather”) + -tte.


akṣai

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अक्षय्य (akṣayya).


akṣobhe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अक्षोभ (akṣobha).


akautatte

From e(n)- (privative prefix) + kaut- (“split”) + -tte.


akeññe

From āke (“edge”) + -ññe. The connection here is to a land on the edge of a country; on the border; the march. Compare Old English Mierce (“Kingdom of Mercia”), Italian Marche (“a region of Italy”), and the etymology for English Ukraine, from Old East Slavic украина (ukraina, “borderland”).

noncog

Agnean (exonymic designation for the Agneans, the "Tocharian A" people)


akwatse

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Related to āke (“edge”).


aṅkaiṃ

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kaiṃ, of unknown origin.


ajvare

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अज्वर (ajvara, “id”).


aṅklautkatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + klautk-, a form of klutk- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”).


akañc

Alternative form of akañce (“far, remote”)


akārpatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kārp- (“to descend”).


akritātñe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अकृतज्ञ (akṛtajña). Doublet of akritaññe.


atākatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + tāk- (“to be”).


atit

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अतीत (atīta).


anāyätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + ai- (“given”).


anās

Likely a learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनाथ (anātha, “unprotected”).


anityä

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनित्य (anitya). Related to anityāt.


anindri

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनिन्द्रिय (anindriya, “senseless”, adjective).


empakwatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + päkw- (“to trust, expect”).


oktante

From Proto-Tocharian *oktänte (whence also Tocharian A oktänt), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw-o-, from *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Compare okt (“eight”).


kraketstse

From krāke + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


kartse

Compare Tocharian A kräntso (“beautiful”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”), whence also Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like; yearn after”), Ancient Greek χαρτός (khartós, “causing delight”) and Armenian ձիր (jir, “gift; grace”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European **gʷr̥H-ont-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise”); akin to Lithuanian gẽras (“good, kind”).


anautatte

From e(n)- (privative prefix) + naut- (“to die, perish”) + -tte.


anaiwatstse

From Proto-Tocharian *ānāiwātstse, from *e(n)- + *āiwā-, a form of *āiw- (“to turn towards”), + *-tstse; cognate with Tocharian A ānewāts. Equivalent to e(n)- + aiw- + -tstse.


ūwe

From Proto-Tocharian *wäwén-, from a form of Proto-Indo-European *weyd-.


antartiṣ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अन्तर्धि (antardhi).


apāksai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + pāk- (“obvious, evident”).


śarware

Probably related to गर्व (garva, “haughtiness”).


ṣarya

Uncertain and disputed. One hypothesis derives it from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeseriHeh₂ (“(one) at hand”), from *ǵʰésr̥ (“hand”), which would link it to Tocharian B ṣar (“hand”). Another links Sanskrit स्त्री (strī́), Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬍 (strī, “woman, wife”) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stríH) together with Luwian [script needed] (ašrul(i), “female”), [script needed] (*ašrāḫ-it, “femininity, womanhood”) and other Anatolian words, reconstructing an old Proto-Indo-European term *(h₁)ósr̥, *(h₁)ésōr (“~ woman”) which may be related to the feminine suffixes *-sr- (e.g. *t(r)i-sr-es f (“three”)) and *-sor- (having survived as a productive suffix only in Hittite -𒀸𒊭𒊏𒀸 (-ššaraš)).


abhinaiṣṣe

having to do with representing dramatically


anākätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + nāk- (“to blame”).


oṅkrotte

From Proto-Tocharian *oṅkrotte (whence also Tocharian A onkrac), a privative form of the source of kwär- (“to age, grow old”) itself of further uncertain origin.


amāntatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + mänt- (“to be evil-minded, to scatter”).


amārraṣṣe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अमर (amara) + -ṣṣe.


amāllate

From the privative prefix e(n)- + mäl- (“to crush, repress”).


amāskai

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + māsk- (“to be difficult”).


amiske

From *ām(i)- + -ske (“diminutive suffix”).


ayātaitstse

A negative form of yāt- (“suitable, possible, tame”) + the adjectival suffix -tstse.


amaukatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + mauk- (“to drain away”).


arṣāklatstse

From arṣāklo + -tstse (adjectival suffix).


arwāre

ready (specifically pertaining to horses), saddled


alāṣmo

A verbal adjective of alāsk- (“to be sick”).


alālätte

From the e(n)- (privative prefix) + lāl- (“to be tired”) + -tte.


ālase

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अलस (alasa), whence also Tocharian B alāsk- (“to be sick”)


artsa

From Proto-Tocharian *ārtsä, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erti-, a form of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“fitting”). Compare Tocharian A ārts.


alaitatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + lit- (to fall away).


aletstse

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elo-tyo, a form of *h₂el- (“other”) + -tstse. Cognate with Latin alius, English old.


alokälymi

Related to *āliya (“otherness”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.


avaṣi

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अवशिन् (avaśin).


awāskatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + wāsk- (“to move”).


awlāwatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + wlāw- (“control”).


aśāwe

Formed using the intensive prefix e(n)-, but otherwise uncertain. Possibly a form of śāw- (“to fall, be made low”). Compare Tocharian A āśāwe.


aṣām

Borrowed from Khotanese āṣaṇa. Compare Tocharian A āṣām.


aṣanīke

A form of aṣām (“worthy”), ultimately from Khotanese āṣana.


asāre

From a form of ās (“to become dry”). Compare Tocharian A āsar.


asānṣṣe

pertaining to the throne, particularly in the context of succession.


astre-pälsko

From astare (“pure”) + pälsko (“spirit, soul”).


aslyamaṣṣe

parched, dried (especially in terms of grain)


astre-were

From astare (“pure”) + were (“aroma, smell”).


aspāwatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + spāw- (“to subside”).


ākteke

Unknown. Possibly related to Ancient Greek ἀγανακτέω (aganaktéō).


ājānai

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आजानेय (ājāneya). Compare Tocharian A ājivik.


ātstse

From Proto-Tocharian *ātstse, but further etymology is unknown. Compare Tocharian A ātsäts.


āl

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eli- (“male animal”), possibly related to *h₁el- (“brown animal”).


akritaññe

Borrowed from Iranian, likely from the same source as kritāṃ. Doublet of akritātñe.


āśrai

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आश्रय (āśraya).


itomtsa

A later form of *itauntsa, itself from īte (“full”).


ikante

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wi(h₁)dḱm̥t-o-, a form (and using an alternate reconstruction) of *wídḱm̥ti. Compare ikäṃ, which seems to be from the same PIE form.


indrintaṣṣe

From the plural of indri (“sensory organ”) + -ṣṣe.


imassu

A form of īme (“thought, consciousness”).


imeṣṣe

From īme (“thought, consciousness”) + -ṣṣe.


upatāpi

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपतापिन् (upatāpin).


ustama

Borrowed from Khotanese [script needed] (ustama).


ekamätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + käm- (“to come”), literally "uncome".


ekalätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + käl- (“to bear, carry”).


ekätkātte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kätkātte, a form of kätk- (“to cross, pass”).


ekwalatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kwäl- (“to fail”).


eṅkarstatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kärst- (“to cut”).


eṅkalpatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kälp- (“to obtain, achieve”).


eṅklyauṣätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + klyaus- (“hear”).


eñatketse

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + ñatke.


eṅkältsatte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + kälts- (“pour, cover”).


eñcare

→ Tocharian A: eñcare

From the partitive prefix e(n)- + cäñcare (“friendly, pleasant”), the second syllable removed via haplology.

disagreeable, unfriendly, unpleasant, unwelcome,


eñcäñcare

From the privative prefix e(n)- + cäñcare, of unknown origin. Possibly related to Tocharian A aṃṡär (“heavy”).


eñcil

Likely a derivative of eṅk- (“to grasp, seize”).


etaṅkätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + täṅk- (“to check, hinder”).


āmāskai

Alternative form of amāskai (“difficult”)


tāpce

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tep-. Alternatively, a loanword from a Middle Iranian source of similar derivation.


trik-

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), with similar semantic reflexes (tree > firm, reliable) including English true and Latin dūrus.


akāl-kätstse

From akāl (“wish”) + kä- (“to have”) + -tstse.


pilkoṣṣe

From pilko (“thought, viewpoint”) + -ṣṣe.


añmālaṣlñeṣṣe

af

añmalāṣṣälñe


aṅkaiṃ-pilkoṣṣe

From aṅkaiṃ-pilko (“false thought”) + -ṣṣe.


abhyantarakālp

From Sanskrit अभ्यन्तरकल्प (abhyantarakalpa).

bor

अभ्यन्तरकल्प


aräñcatste

From arañce (“heart”) + -tstse. Literally "hearted".


aryamarkṣe

pertaining to the way of the honorable ones


ālas

Alternative reconstruction of ālase (“lethargic, lazy”)


alletstse

Alternative form of aletstse (“foreign, unrelated, strange”)


śāwe

Alternative form of aśāwe (“rough, coarse”)


aśiyaññe

Alternative form of aśyaññe (“pertaining to a nun”)


ippreräṣṣe

Alternative form of ipreräṣṣe (“pertaining to the sky or air, ethereal”)


iñcuwaññe

Alternative form of eñcuwaññe (“pertaining to iron”)


añmālarṣke

Alternative form of añmālaṣke (“pitying, sympathetic”)


ārupyäṣṣe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आरूप्य (ārūpya) + -ṣṣe.


āryamārgaṣṣe

pertaining to the Āryamarga, a Buddhist work.


snai-olyapo

From snai (“without”) + olyapo (“more, very”).


kätkare

An adjectival form of kätk- (“to lower, set down”).


eprete

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + the otherwise unattested *prete (“decision, resolution”).


ersnāssu

well-formed, shapely, pleasing, beautiful, handsome


empalkaitte

From Proto-Tocharian *empälkātte (whence also Tocharian A apälkāt). Equivalent to the privative prefix e(n)- + pälk- (“to see”).

carefree, unworried, unheeding, unconcerned


snai-yärm

From snai (“without”) + yarm (“measure”, noun).


kärweñäṣṣe

From kärweñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kärpiye

From Proto-Tocharian *krupiye (whence also Tocharian A kärpi), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-i-yo, a form of *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”) from *Hrew- (“to tear, pluck”). Cognate with English rough, Latin rūdus (“lump of metal”), and Sanskrit रोमन् (roman, “body hair, wool”), among others.


epastye

From Proto-Tocharian *epäst + the adjective-forming suffix *-ye- (whence also Tocharian A opäśśi). *epäst is likely a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₁opi- (“upon, near”) and *steh₂- (“to stand”). Also, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁opi-sth₂-i-, of the same meaning. Either way, cognates include Lithuanian apstus (“plentiful”), Sanskrit सुष्ठु (suṣṭhu, “aptly, well”).

der

skillful, adept, capable, able, experienced, fit


yateññe

From a form of iyā- (“to go, lead”) + -ññe.


upāsakñeṣṣe

Alternative form of upāsakäññeṣṣe (“pertaining to the laity”)


utpalytse

Alternative form of upālätstse (“provided with blue lotus”)


uppālṣṣe

Alternative form of upālṣṣe (“pertaining to the blue lotus”)


ūrṇaṣṣe

pertaining to the circles of white hair between the brows of the Buddha or other deity


ubhayavipariti

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उभय (ubhaya) + विपरीत (viparīta).

lbor

neither feeling pleasure nor suffering; apathetic, stoic


räddhiṣṣe

Alternative form of r̥ddhiṣṣe (“magical”)


eśneṣṣe

From eśaiṃ (the accusative plural form of ek) + -ṣṣe. Compare ekaṣṣe.


eśanetstse

From eśaiṃ (the accusative plural form of ek) + -tstse.


ekāsanikäññe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit एकासनिक (ekāsanika), + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.

observing the custom of only using one particular seat for eating


ekṣälyṣe

pertaining to a season or time of action


eṅkalñeṣṣe

From eṅkalñe (“adherence to one's identity or existence”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kāśiṣṣe

From Kāś (“a given name”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


etrīwaitstse

The negative prefix e(n)- + a form of an unattested *trīwo (related to traiwo (“mixture”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


kaswātstse

From kāswo + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


katsāṣṣe

From kātso + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


katkalñeṣṣe

From katkalñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kätkartstse

From kätkare + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse. Since the meanings of "deep" and "having depth" are roughly the same, it can be assumed that this suffix was only added for tautological emphasis.


knelñeṣṣe

From knelñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kekärtkorṣṣe

From kekärtkor + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


stamalñetstse

From stamalñe (“persistance”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


stamalñeṣṣe

From stamalñe (“persistance”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


käṣṣīññe

From käṣṣī + -ññe (adjective-forming suffix).

the quality of being a teacher or master; lit. "teacherness"


käṣṣīṣṣe

From käṣṣī + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kselläññeṣṣe

From a form of käs- (“to extinguish, go extinct”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


käskalläññe

From a form of käsk- + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


käñcelleṣṣe

From kiñcelle + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kinnarñe

From kinnare + a shortened form of the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


kuntäṣṣe

From *kunt + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kurkamäṣṣe

From *kurkam (the sole attestation thereof) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kulypelñeṣṣe

From kulypelñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kuśal

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुशल (kuśala).


kuśalapākṣ

Native compounding of Sanskrit कुशल (kuśala, “happiness, virtue”) + पक्ष (pakṣa, “side”).


ketāṣṣe

From keta + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.

pertaining to a garden or field; horticultural


kenineṣṣe

From keni + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kenekäññe

From kenek (“cotton fabric”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


kercapaññe

From kercapo + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


kercciyeṣṣe

Alternative form of kercciyeṃṣṣe (“pertaining to a palace”)


kercciyeṃṣṣe

From kerccī + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


kottartstse

From kottär + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


kottruññe

From a form of kottär + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


anupasaṃpanne

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनुपसंपन्न (anupasaṃpanna).


aparimāṃ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अपरिमाण (aparimāṇa).


anaikätte

From the privative prefix e(n)- + aik- (“to know”).


kaucū-wär

Compound of kauc (“upwards”) + war (“water”).


krakre

Possibly onomatopoeic. Only attested in compounds with nouns designating waterfowl.


krätaññe

An unattested learned borrowing from Sanskrit कृत (kṛta, “done, finished”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


kramartstse

From krāmär (“weight”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


kraupeṣṣe

From kraupe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


emalyaṣṣe

From emalya (“heat”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


enerke

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + nerke.


enäṣṣālñeṣṣe

head

enäṣṣālñeṣṣe

From enäṣṣālñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.

pertaining to teaching, instructure, doctrine


etreṅkätte

From the partitive prefix e(n)- + treṅk- (“to adhere to, stick to”).


eneṅkāññe

From eneṅka (“within, inside”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


stāyä

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y-o-, from *(s)teh₂y- (“to steal”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्तायु (stāyu, “thief”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Proto-Slavic *tajiti (“to steal”), etc.


emprenmaṣṣe

From empreṃ (“truth”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


emprentstse

From empreṃ (“truth”) + -tstse (adjective-forming suffix).


ersnāṣṣe

From ersna (“beauty”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


elykatte

The privative prefix e(n)- + a form of lyäk- (“to lie down”).


eśuwatte

From the negative prefix e(n)- + śuwā- (“to eat”).

not having eaten, having gone hungry, unfed


ewetaitstse

From eweta (“in conflict”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


eṣpirtatte

From the negative prefix e(n)- + spārtt- (“to turn”).


eṣerñe

From the intensive prefix e(n)- + ṣer (“sister”).


etsarkälletstse

From etsarkälle (“with zeal”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


aikemanetstse

From a form of aik- (“to know”) + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


aikatte

From the negative prefix e(n)- + wik- (“to disappear”).


aikarñeṣṣe

From aikaräññe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


aiñye

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-n-, a form of *h₁ey- (“to go”).


aitkatte

From the negative prefix e(n)- + yätk- (“to intend”).


aiśamñeṣṣe

From aiśamñe (“wisdom”) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


aiseṣṣe

From aise + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


aiskatte

Probably from the negative suffix e(n)- + yäskā-, a subjunctive of unknown meaning.


aiśaumye

A form of aik- (“to know”), from Proto-Tocharian *aik-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to obtain, own”).


okotstse

From oko + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


oktaṣṣe

From okt + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


oktäññe

From okt + the adjective-forming suffix -ññe.


oktatstse

From okt + the adjective-forming suffix -tstse.


onuwaññe

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nuh₂-eh₂, verbal stem of *neh₂w- (“to die, lack”), the same source as naut- (“to die”). Cognate with Tocharian A nwām (“sick”), Welsh newyn (“hunger”), Old Irish núna (“famine”), etc.


onmiṣṣe

From onmiñ + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.

pertaining to regret, remorse, repentance


ontsoytñeṣṣe

From ontsoytñe + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe.


onsoytte

From the negative prefix e(n)- + soy- (“to satisfy”). Identical form to Tocharian A asinät (“id”).


onmissu

A form of onmiñ (“regret, remorse, repentance”).


omutruññaiṣṣe

From Proto-Tocharian *e(n)- (“in”) + ultimately a form of Proto-Indo-European *medʰi- (“with, among”) (whence also Tocharian A mäcriṃ (“id”)) + the adjective-forming suffix -ṣṣe. Cognates include English middle, Lithuanian mẽdis (“wood”), Latin medium, etc.


olyartse

A form of olya (“more”), of uncertain origin.


ywārśkāññe

tasemane ywārśkāññe saṃwarä ste

comparable (to this) is the average (form of) self-discipline

ywārśkāññi pikᵤlameṃ kᵤse rano maiweño

(those) of middle years and also (those) that are young


rapaññe

From Old Chinese 臘 (*raːb, “year-end sacrifice to the gods, twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar”).

quote-book

2003, Alexander Lubotsky, Sergey Starostin, “Turkic and Chinese loan words in Tocharian”, in Bauer, Brigitte L.M., Pinault, Georges-Jean, editors, Language in Time and Space: A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, pages 257-269:


ṣitsok

From Middle Chinese 黍 (ɕɨʌ^X, “glutinous millet”) + 酒 (MC tsjuwX, “wine”).


yāmuttsi

From Middle Chinese 鸚鵡 (ʔˠɛŋ mɨo^X) + 子 (MC tsiX). Cognate with Tocharian A yamutsi and Sogdian 𐼽𐼷𐼺𐼰𐼴𐽂𐼼𐼷 (ʿymʾwtsy /ēmūtsi/).


ṣipāṅkiñc

From Middle Chinese 數盤 (MC srjuX|srjuH|sraewk ban, “counting board”) + 工具 (MC kuwng gjuH, “instrument”).