soy

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian A se, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús). Compare also the diminutive form soṃśke reflecting the alternative Proto-Indo-European root for "son".


ṣer

From Proto-Tocharian *(ṣä)ṣer, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Tocharian A ṣar.


pācer

Inherited from Proto-Tocharian *pācer, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. Compare Tocharian A pācar.


procer

From Proto-Tocharian *procer, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Compare Tocharian A pracar.


mācer

From Proto-Tocharian *mācer, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Compare Tocharian A mācar.


śana

From Proto-Tocharian *ćänā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéneh₂. Compare Tocharian A śäṃ.


tkācer

From Proto-Tocharian *t(ŭ)kācēr, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr. Cognate with Tocharian A ckācar.


etre

From Proto-Tocharian *etre (whence also Tocharian A atär), of uncertain further origin.


eṅkwe

From Proto-Tocharian *eṅkwe (whence Tocharian A oṅk), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱw-ó- (“mortal”), from the root *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”).


ṣamāne

head

ṣamāne m (genitive singular ṣamānentse, oblique singular ṣamāneṃ, nominative plural ṣamāni, oblique plural ṣamāneṃ)

ṣamānentse (genitive singular)
ṣamāneṃ (oblique singular)
ṣamāni (nominative plural)
ṣamāneṃ (oblique plural)

Borrowed from Prakrit 𑀲𑀫𑀡 (samaṇa), from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa).

Ṣamyeṃ māka ṣamāni aplāc.

Many monks were sitting in conversation.


yentuke

From Old Iranian *hinduka, akin to Old Persian [script needed] (*hiⁿduka) from 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /hiⁿdūš/, “India”), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.


śerwe

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-. Cognate with Tocharian A śaru.


klīye

Cognate with Tocharian A kᵤli, from Proto-Tocharian *kʷliye, possibly from a pre-Tocharian compound *gʷneh₂-h₁en-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéneh₂ (“woman, wife”) plus *-h₁en- (“that”, determiner, used dialectally as a definitizing suffix).


āwe

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os. Cognate with Latin avus and Polish wuj.


āppo

From Proto-Tocharian *āppo, either inherited from an earlier Proto-Indo-European nursery word or a nursery word itself. Compare Armenian ափի (apʻi), Ancient Greek ἄπφα (áppha), and Tocharian A āp.


olyitau

Derived from olyi (“boat”) + -ttau (agentive suffix).


kottär

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गोत्र (gotra).


käṣṣī

From Proto-Tocharian *käṣṣī (whence also Tocharian A käṣṣī), from there uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s- (“to proclaim, point out, instruct”), and cognate with Sanskrit शास्ति (śāsti, “to teach, instruct, rule”).


tāś

Cognate with Tocharian A tāśśi pl (“chiefs, commanders”), from Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *téh₂g-yu-s, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g-, *tag- (“to establish, (put in) order; to command, rule”). Compare Ancient Greek τᾱγός (tāgós, “commander, ruler”) and Parthian 𐭕𐭂𐭌-𐭃𐭓 (tgm-dr /tagma-dāra-/, “commander”, literally “order-giver”).

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

ṣle-taś

commander of the mountain region; mountain-commander

ywārt-taś

commander of the central region; center-commander


yaṣṣuca

From yāṣṣu (“alms, begged food”), from yāsk- (“to ask, beg”).


tīrthe

Most likely from Sanskrit तीर्थ (tīrtha).


agrakulike

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अग्र (agra) + कुलिक (kulika).


aksaṣṣuki

From Proto-Tocharian *aks-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ- (“to say”). Cognate with Latin aio and English adagio and prodigy.


apāy

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अपाय (apāya, “danger”).

someone of lower birth, specifically within the context of the Indian caste system


apāṣṣätte

From e(n)- (privative prefix) + pāsk- (“to cover, protect”) + -tte.


amäkṣpänte

Uncertain. Possibly from *amäkṣa (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ém-h₂ḱs-ih₂ ~ *h₂m̥-h₂ḱs-yéh₂, from *h₂em- (“to hold on to”) + *h₂eḱs- (“axle”) + *-ih₂, + *päntā (“master”, literally “he of the way”), from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s ~ *pn̥th₁és (“way”). Compare kokalpänta (“wagonmaster”), from kokale (“cart, wagon”) + *päntā.
Alternatively borrowed from Iranian, compare Khotanese [script needed] (maśpa, “road, way”), possibly from Proto-Iranian *amaxšyapādah, from *amaxšyah, of unknown meaning and origin, + *pántaHh ~ *paθáh (“path”).


ammakki

From the Proto-Indo-European nursery word *amma (“mother”). Compare Old Norse amma and Latin amita.


artkaretstse

A form of *ārtk- (“to make abundant”) + -tstse.


awāsīke

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आवासिक (āvāsika)


avatrāpi

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अवत्रापिन् (avatrāpin).


aśari

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya).


aśrāddhe

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्रद्ध (aśraddha).


aṣanīke

A form of aṣām (“worthy”), ultimately from Khotanese āṣana.


gottär

Likely a learned borrowing from Sanskrit गोत्र (gotra)


imāne

Unknown. Possibly a form of i- (“to go”), in the sense of "one who goes", as an errand boy or other servant tasked with fetching things.


ājivīke

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit आजिवीके (ājivīke).


käryorttau

Derived from karyor (“trade”) + -ttau (agentive suffix). Compare käryorttautsa (“female merchant”).


upādhyāye

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उपाध्याया (upādhyāyā).


upāsakāñca

From a form of upāsake (“layperson”) + the feminizing suffix -āñca.


kärnol

From a form of käry- (“to buy”); at this time, "adopted" children were often bought from their parents. Only attested in Tocharian A kärnolñe (“the condition of being an adopted child”), which is obviously a borrowing from Tocharian B.


kiśore

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit किशोर (kiśora)


kokaletstse

From kokale (“wagon, cart”) + -tstse (agentive ending).


päntā

From Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s (“path”).

master of a road or route, literally "he of the road".


kokalpänta

From kokale (“wagon”) + *päntā (“road-master”).


koṭiśvare

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कोटीश्वर (koṭīśvara).


anuśāsake

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अनुशासक (anuśāsaka).


emprentstse

From empreṃ (“truth”) + -tstse (adjective-forming suffix).


yātäṣṣeñca

From yāt- (“be capable of; have power over, tame”)


ypoy-moko

a "land-elder," an official of some sort