wiki

From Proto-Tocharian *w'īkän, from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi(h₁)dḱm̥ti (cognate with Latin vīgintī, Ancient Greek εἴκοσι (eíkosi), Doric ϝείκατι (weíkati), Sanskrit विंशति (viṃśati), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vīsaⁱti), Ossetian инсӕй (insæj), Armenian քսան (kʻsan), Albanian (një)zet, Welsh ugain). Compare Tocharian B ikäṃ.


we

From Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Tocharian B wi.


tre

From Proto-Tocharian *treyä, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Tocharian B trey, trai.


se

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).


es

From Proto-Tocharian *ānse, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian B āntse.


tsar

From Proto-Tocharian *ṣar, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr, from *ǵʰes-. Cognate with Albanian dorë, Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Hittite [script needed] (kessar). Compare Tocharian B ṣar.


poke

From Proto-Tocharian *pokowjä-, earlier *pākewjä-, from pre-Tocharian *bʰeh₂ǵʰow-h₁en- (definite), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Compare Tocharian B pokai.


en-

Related to Tocharian B en-, either borrowed into or from Tocharian A. Of uncertain origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, cognate with Ancient Greek αἶνος (aînos, “story, tale”).


oko

Related to Tocharian A oko (“id”), but through what manner is uncertain. Probably borrowed from Tocharian B to Tocharian A, in which case ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂ (“berry, fruit”).


ñu

cardinal numbers

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 śäk

From Proto-Tocharian *ñäwä, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Compare Tocharian B ñu.


ime

consciousness, awareness, thought, memory


maku

From Proto-Tocharian *mekwā (compare Tocharian B mekwa), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nogʰ-.


känt

From Proto-Tocharian *känte, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Compare Tocharian B kante.


sas

From Proto-Tocharian *sems, from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm. Compare Tocharian B ṣe.


kor

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कोटि (koṭi), whence also Tocharian B koṭ.


ak

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian B ek.


wu

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Compare Tocharian B wi.


pācar

From Proto-Tocharian *pācer, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. Compare Tocharian B pācer.


mācar

From Proto-Tocharian *mācer, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Compare Tocharian B mācer.


pracar

From Proto-Tocharian *procer, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Compare Tocharian B procer.


ṣar

From Proto-Tocharian *(ṣä)ṣer, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Tocharian B ṣer.


śtwar

From Proto-Tocharian *ćätwerä, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Compare Tocharian B śtwer.


päñ

From Proto-Tocharian *p'ä́ñćä, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. Compare Tocharian B piś.


ṣäk

From Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs. Compare Tocharian B ṣkas.


ṣpät

From Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥. Compare Tocharian B ṣukt.


okät

From Proto-Tocharian *óktä, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw. Compare Tocharian B okt.


śäk

From Proto-Tocharian *śäk, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥. Compare Tocharian B śak.


śäṃ

From Proto-Tocharian *ćänā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn. Compare Tocharian B śana.


ysār

From Proto-Tocharian *yä́sar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Compare Tocharian B yasar.


ytār

From Proto-Tocharian *yätār (“road, way”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éytr̥. Compare Tocharian B ytārye.


wäs

Cognate with Tocharian B yasā (“gold”), from Proto-Tocharian *wi̯äsā (“gold”), of uncertain further origin. Compare Proto-Italic *auzom (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”), from the root *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”).


wäs

From Proto-Tocharian *wä́së, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison”) (compare Latin vīrus, Ancient Greek ἰός (iós), Sanskrit विष (viṣa)). Compare Tocharian B wase.


āp

From Proto-Tocharian *āp, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.


āp

From Proto-Tocharian *āppo, either inherited from an earlier Proto-Indo-European nursery word or a nursery word itself. Compare Armenian ափի (apʻi), Ancient Greek ἄπφα (áppha), and Tocharian B āppo.


ckācar

From Proto-Tocharian *t(ŭ)kācēr, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr. Cognate with Tocharian B tkācer.


āriñc

From Proto-Tocharian *āräñce, whence also Tocharian B arañce.

heart, used both as the physical organ and the seat of emotion.


kukäl

From Proto-Tocharian *kuk(ä)le (whence also Tocharian B kokale), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, a form of *kʷel- (“to turn”). Cognate with English wheel, Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Lithuanian kaklas (“neck”), etc.


ārki

From Proto-Tocharian *ārkwi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ-. Cognate with Latin argentum. Compare Tocharian B ārkwi.


āñcäm

From Proto-Tocharian *āñc(ä)me, probably from a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *h₂en(h₁)tmen-, from a conflation of *ētmen- (compare Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman, “breath”), Old High German ātum (“breath”)) and *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”) (compare the nominal derivative *h₂enh₁mos, whence Latin animus (“mind, soul”), anima, Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind, breeze”), Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”), and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila, “air, wind”)). Compare Tocharian B āñme.


kanweṃ

From Proto-Tocharian *kenwäi (whence Tocharian B keni), from the root *kenw- (“knee”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu. Other cognates include Latin genū, Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu), Old English cnēow (whence English knee).


käntu

From Proto-Tocharian *käntwo, from metathesis of an earlier *tänkwo, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. Compare Tocharian B kantwo.


āy

From Proto-Tocharian *āyä (compare Tocharian B āy, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ost-, *h₃est-.


bodʰisattu

Borrowed from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva).

Punyavanta Jataka
tsraṣṣuneyo tämne neṣ praṣtaṃ Siddʰārtʰes lānt se Sarvārtʰasiddʰe bodʰisattu sāmudraṃ kārp, ñemiṣiṃ praṅkā yeṣ.
By means of strength thus, at an earlier time, the son of king Siddhartha, the Bodhisattva Sarvarthasiddha descended upon the ocean. He went to the island of jewels.


aik-

From Proto-Tocharian *aik- (whence also Tocharian B aik-), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to obtain, own”). Cognate with English owe, Sanskrit ईश (īśa, “possession”), etc.


tmāṃ

okät-tmāṃ


onmiṃ

Related to Tocharian B onmiñ (“id”) (possibly a borrowing from one language to another), but further connections are unknown.


käṣṣī

käṣṣi (nominative singular)
käṣṣiñ (nominative plural)
käṣṣiyāp (genitive singular)
käṣṣiśśi (genitive plural)
käṣṣiṃ (oblique singular)
käṣṣis (oblique plural)
käṣṣinyo (instrumental singular)
käṣṣisyo (instrumental plural)
käṣṣinā (singular)
käṣṣisā (plural)
käṣṣinaśśäl (comitative singular)
käṣṣisaśśäl (comitative plural)
käṣṣinac (allative singular)
käṣṣisac (allative plural)
käṣṣinäṣ (ablative singular)
käṣṣisäṣ (ablative plural)
käṣṣinaṃ (locative singular)
käṣṣisaṃ (locative plural)

From Proto-Tocharian *käṣṣī (whence also Tocharian B käṣṣī), from there uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁s- (“to proclaim, point out, instruct”), and cognate with Sanskrit शास्ति (śāsti, “to teach, instruct, rule”).


kulyp-

From Proto-Tocharian *käuliäp- (whence also Tocharian B kulyp-), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷlep- (“to desire”).


āle

From Proto-Tocharian *āläi. Compare Tocharian B alyiye.


aśi

Borrowed from Khotanese aśyā. Compare Tocharian B aśiya.


onkrac

From Proto-Tocharian *oṅkrotte (whence also Tocharian B oṅkrotte), a privative form of the source of Tocharian A kwär- (“to age, grow old”) itself of further uncertain origin.


śwāl

Compare Tocharian B śwāl (“corpse, cadaver”).


kāts

From Proto-Tocharian *kātsān (whence also Tocharian B kātso). Further origin uncertain; most likely from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷet- (“swelling, rounding; stomach, gut”), in which case cognate with Old English cwiþ (“pregnant”).


kaṃ

From Proto-Tocharian *kene (whence Tocharian B kene), probably from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n- (“to sing”).


kapśañi

From Proto-Tocharian *kekts'en- (whence Tocharian B kektseñe), probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”).


kärtkāl

Related to Tocharian B kärkkālle (“swamp, marsh, bog”) but further connections are unknown.


kuccatāk

Related to Tocharian B kucatāk, but of uncertain origin from there. Possibly from Middle Persian.


asinät

Identical form to Tocharian B onsoytte (“id”). .


okar

desc

→ Tocharian B: okaro (“sweet flag, agarwood”) (possibly)


riṣak

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi), whence also Tocharian B rṣāke.


opṣäly

From Proto-Tocharian *ekʷṣäliē, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). Compare Tocharian B ekṣalye.

an appropriate time for Buddha-like actions


kinnare

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit किंनर (kiṃnara, “a mythical being”), whence also Tocharian B kinnare.


kurkal

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गुल्गुलु (gulgulu), whence also Tocharian B kurkal.

bdellium, the fragrant resin of some trees in the Commiphora genus, used as an aromatic or medicinal ingredient


karel

Related to Tocharian B kerū, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”), the source of many IE words meaning "cauldron", similar to the shape of a drum. Given the semantic shift from "making" > "vessel for making things in" > "thing shaped like that vessel", and that only the first meaning exists in PIE, it can be assumed that there was an unattested original form (perhaps in Proto-Tocharian) that meant "cauldron" or the like. Compare Proto-Germanic *hweraz, Old Irish coire, Russian чара (čara), Sanskrit चरु (caru, “bowl”), etc.


koy-

From Proto-Tocharian *koy (whence also Tocharian B koyn (“mouth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂óyu (“gape”, noun), from the root *ǵʰh₂ey-, extended from the original root *ǵʰeh₂- (“to open wide, gape, yawn”). Compare Latin hiō (“I stand open; I gape, yawn”), Lithuanian žióju (“I open”), Proto-Slavic *zijati (“to be open; to gape”), Old English ġinian (“to gape, yawn”).


keyurṣ

From Proto-Tocharian *kauwärṣän (whence also Tocharian B kauᵤrṣe), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-wr̥sen- (“bull”), from *gʷṓws (“cow”). Cognate with Sanskrit गोवृष (govṛṣa).


krās-

From Proto-Tocharian *krās- (whence Tocharian B krās-), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰres-, with cognates only seen in the Baltic languages, such as Lithuanian grasa (“threat”).


granth

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ग्रन्थ (grantha), whence also Tocharian B krānt.


klumpri

Uncertain. Compare Tocharian B klampärya (“id”).

a literary meter, of 4x18 syllables, with a 7/7/4 rhythm


opyāc

From Proto-Tocharian *epiyāc (whence also Tocharian B epiyac), from an Iranian source. Compare Khotanese byāta- (“id”).


apälkāt

From Proto-Tocharian *empälkātte (whence also Tocharian B empalkaitte). Equivalent to the privative prefix a(n)- + pälk- (“to see”).

carefree, unworried, unheeding, unconcerned


arkant

From Proto-Tocharian *erkent (whence also Tocharian B erkent), but from there uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁regʷ- (“to be dark”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos), Old Norse røkkr (“twilight”), etc.) or Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”) (cognate with Latin argentum and semantically akin to English black <> bleach).


nwām

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-, the same source as nut (“to die”). Cognate with Tocharian B naut- (“to die”), Welsh newyn (“hunger”), Old Irish núna (“famine”), etc.


nut-

From Proto-Tocharian *näut- (whence Tocharian B naut-), from Proto-Indo-European *nuh₂-eh₂, verbal stem of *neh₂w- (“to die, lack”)


mäcriṃ

Ultimately from a form of Proto-Indo-European *medʰi- (“with, among”) (whence also Tocharian B omutruññaiṣṣe (“id”)). Cognates include English middle, Lithuanian mẽdis (“wood”), Latin medium, etc.